This Day in Goodlove History, September 23
• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove
• jefferygoodlove@aol.com•
• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove•
• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.
• • The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx•
• This project is now a daily blog at:
• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/
• Goodlove Family History Project Website:
• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/
•
• Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi aakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.
•
My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Updates are requested.
Birthdays on this date; Martin H. Winch, Elza P. Stewart, Ida M. Hammond, Solon Godlove, Amy W. Dennis
Weddings on this date; Mary J. Bacon and William H. Winch, Anna M. LeFevre and Johann P. King
This Day…
September 23, 480 B.C. An army of 200,000 Persians was met at Thermopylae in 480 B.C. by a Greek force of 7300 men under command of a Spartan, Leonidas. After a stubborn defense, the Greeks were annihilated. The Persians entered Athens and leveled the city. But at the naval battle of Salamis, the Persians were almost wiped out. On the same day, a Greek force routed the Carthaginian allies of Persia.[1] The Greeks defeat the Persian fleet of Xerxes I at the Battle of Salamis. At this time Judah and Jerusalem were part of the Persian Empire. Xerxes reigned from 483 BCE to 465 BCE which meant that he was a contemporary of Ezra and Nehemiah. [2]
480 B.C.
Judgment on Israel’s Enemies. Zachariah’s final prophecies are undated, but they are thought to have been given as late as 480 B.C. Zechariah 9:1-17.[3]
465-460 B.C.
King Artaxerxes stops the Work. When the Jews began to rebuild Jerusalem, foreigners living in Judah attempted to stop them. Thjeir efforts to do so began during Xerxes first year as king (486 B.C.)but were probably not successful until early in Artaxerxes’ reign (465-460 B.C.).
465-424 or 423 BCE:The book of Ezra tells us that the initial return of the exiles met with all sorts of trouble. By this account, the newly created province was socially and politically unstable. In response, Artaxerxes I (465-424 or 423 BCE) appointed Ezra the scribe, a Jew of dignified pedigree, to lead another, greater wave of retuirnees back to Jerusalem and to govern it.[4]
458 B.C.
Ezra returned to Jerusalem in 458 B.C. Ezra 7:1-8:14.[5]
After 450 B.C.
The La Tene center (the Lter Iron Age) after 450 B.C. constituted the high point of the Iron Age. It was influenced by the Scythians (via the Hallstatt center), by the Greeks (via Massilia up the Rhone), and by the Etruscans (along the path of the Argonauts; i.e. alon the Po through the mountain passes of Switzerland to the Rhine and Rhone rivers). La Tene groups (who were probaboy connected with the Celts) brought urban civilization to culturally less advanced areas like Bohemia, the British Isles, and the Iberian Peninsula. [6]
445 B.C.
The events recorded in Hehemiah span more than twelve years, beginning 445 B.C., when King Artaxerxes allowed Nehemiah to return to Jerusalem. Nehemiah 1:1-4:23.[7]
442 B.C.E.: Work reported in 2004 by geneticist Leah Peleg and her colleagues at Tel Hashomer Hospital in Israel (Karpatie et al., “Specific Mutations in the HEXA Gene”) identified a new mutation among Iraqi Jews and suggests that the disease we see today may actually have originated among post exilic Jews (about 442 B.C.E.).[8]
Between 433 and 430 B.C.
God’s love for his people. Malachi, the last Old Testament prophet, prophesied to the Jews in Jerusalem between 433 and 430 B.C. Malachi 1:1-4:6.[9]
The Hopewells, in about 400 BCE had mysterious effigy mounds extending throughout the region of the Ohio River Valley, perhaps most pronounced in present southern Ohio and southern Wisconsin. [10]
September 23, 63 BCE: Birth date of Octavian who would reign as Caesar Augustus from 27 BCE to 14CE. Augustus continued to follow the comparativly benign policies of his great-uncle Julius Caesar in dealing with the Jews. He allowed Herod to rule the Kingdom of Judea. When Herod died, Augustus turned Judea into a province but he instructed the governors not to do anything that would be offensive to the Jewish population such as parading the Roman Eagle through the streets of Jerusalem. He also sought to protect the rights of Jews living throughout the Empire including offering imperial protection for synagogues and exempting Jews from court appearance on Shabbat. Considering the track record of his successors, Augustus would be looked upon as a “good Roman Emperor.[11]
63 BC
In 63 BC, Judaea became a protectorate of Rome. Coming under the administration of a governor, Judaea was allowed a king; the governor's business was to regulate trade and maximize tax revenue. While the Jews despised the Greeks, the Romans were a nightmare. Governorships were bought at high prices; the governors would attempt to squeeze as much revenue as possible from their regions and pocket as much as they could.[12]
Before 63 B.C .
Jews believed that holy men were able to exert their will on natural phenonmena. Thus, in addition to offering formal, liturgical prayers for rain, in times of drought people urged persons reputed to be miracle-workers to exercise their infallible intervention on behalf of the communiytyu. Such a request for relief from their misery is reported to have been addressed to Honi some time begfore the fall of Jerusalem to Pompey in 63 B.C.[13]
63 B.C. In 63 B.C.E., the Roman general Pompey conquered Jerusalem and greatly curtailed the Jewish territory ruled by the high priests, effectively wiping out the Hasmonean Empire. For the larger priesthood, the arrival of the Romans was no less catastrophic. The Cohanim lost their political independence and most of their power; once again their purview was limited to the sacred.[14]
100 years after the Maccabean revolt the Romans occupied Jerusalem, and eventually hunted down all the remaining Hasmonean royalty. The last King of Israel, Matityahu, son of Judah was exiled to Babilonea, modern day Iraq, where according to some sources, he was executed by a blow to the back of the head which split his skull in two.[15]
57 B.C. to Herodian times…
No direct evidence points to a Galilean senate and high court similar to the Jerusalem Sanhedrin, the principal legal, political and religious institution of Judea, but the council (synedrion) seyt up by the proconsul Gabinius in 57 B.C. in Sepphoris, the capital of Galilee, may be presumed to have fcontinued until Herodian times, or to have been reinstitute then. [16]
55 B.C.: The erosion of the Celtic culture begins with the Roman invasion of Britain in 55 B.C. The Druids were seen as the backbone of the British resistance to Rome. The Romans, repulsed by the Celtic Gods accused the Druids of torture and the sacrificial burning humans in huge twig structures. The Romans attacked the Celtics sacred religious sites. Despite massive resistance the Celts were defeated. [17]
[18]
50 B.C. to 50 A.D.
[19]
September 23, 1672: The Cossacks captured Satanow, Poland, one of the few Polish towns to have escaped harm until this date. The Jewish populations would suffer accordingly.[20]
September 23 to September 27, 1747
SOLDIERS IN THE FRENCH WAR, ETC.
1747. On Capt. Brown's muster-roll, on the alarm from Sept. 23, to 27th, are the names of the following, from Framingham:
Thos. Winch, Lieut. [21]
Daniel Gregory, Corp.
Daniel Stone, Clerk.
Jona. Belcher, Trumpeter.
Nath'l. Seaver, "
Thos. Winch, Sentinel.
Samuel Winch, "
Phineas Winch, "
Jona. Maynard, Sentinel.
Isaac Read, "
Micah Gibbs, "
Joseph Brintnal, "
Elias Whitney, "
Benj. Eaton, "
Wm. Brown, "
Daniel Stone, " [22]
September 23, 1772; In Alexandria till the afternoon. Dined at Arrel’s and came home with Col. Fairfax and Valentine Crawford.[23]
September 23, 1779
During a naval engagement, John Paul Jones, commanding the Bonhomme Richard, says, “I havbe not yet begun to fight.”[24]
September 23, 1780: Virginia Courts exercising judicial
powers in the same territory with the courts of Pennsylvania, con-
tinued until August 28, 1780, after which no Virginia court was ever
held within the limits of Pennsylvania, the general assembly of
Pennsylvania having ratified on September 23, 1780, the Baltimore
agreement as to where the boundary lines between the two states
should be run, as they were finally run and marked on the grouna
in 1784 and 1786. [25]
September 23, 1780: Lafayette to Washington: A letter dated Cadiz, September 23d, mentions that Count d'Estaing
commands the combined fleet, and is gone to sea. In this case his going
with sixteen ships could not be true. I will endeavour to ascertain
this matter.~[1]
Mr. Carmichael writes that Spain has sent a hundred and thirty thousand
dollas. It is not a great deal, the dispositions of that court are very
satisfactory. Portugal does every thing we want, letters are just
arrived from St. Domingo but not desciphered.
Footnote:
1. The Light Infantry corps which Lafayette had commanded was broken up
when the army went into winter quarters, and he now entertained the
desire of transferring his services to the southern army under General
Greene, and had applied to Washington for his advice. See Sparks' Writ.
of Wash. Vol. 7, p. 316.[26]
at the Morris House on September 23, 1778. The result of
all this investigation was attested by Justin Heinrich Motz,
upper auditor, and sent to the Prince of Hesse, September
23, 1778, officially signed and with the Hessian auditorial
seal affixed.
On December 22, 1778, a Hessian official at Cassel, Wa-
german by name, made a digest of all the reports, state-
ments and conclusions for the benefit of the Prince of Hesse.
The investigation dragged along during the years 1780
and 1 78 1, and on December 13, 1781, Auditor Johann Jacob
Lotheisen gave to the Landgrave of Hesse an estimate of
the killed and wounded of the Rail brigade.^
On January 5, 1782, a court-martial was again organized,
and all the officers who took part in the affair at Trenton
were again examined or had their former testimony read to
them, they assenting to it.
Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Scheffer of the von Lossberg
regiment was unable to be present before this court, and
he sent a letter to them, v/hich communication is herewith
given, as well as the proceedings of the court relative to
their action in the matter.^
This court was in session for a week, and at the end of that
time, January 11, 1782, the officers of each of the different
ranks represented were called upon for their opinions as to
the cause of the disaster at Trenton. It is very interesting
to read the different views of the matter, from those of the
young ensigns, up through the different grades, each officer
having had longer experience in the service, until we learn
what the veteran colonels had to say of the cause of the
defeat. 3
On the 15th day of April, 1782, a special commission
which had been ordered by the Prince of Hesse to convene
at Cassel to review all the minutes of the courts, the testi-
mony there given and the opinions expressed, addressed to
the prince a communication in which a final summing up of
the whole case was attempted.* The war being then virtu-
ally over, this was the last action taken in the matter. Dur-
ing all these years the regiments of von Lossberg and von
Knyphausen had not been allowed to carry new company
and regimental colors. In 1777 the name of the grenadier
regiment Rail had been changed to the grenadier regiment
Woellwarth, in 1778 to the regiment von Trumbach, and in
1779 to the regiment d'Angelelli.
The "War Commission" confirmed the "verdict" of the
court of inquiry, that " Colonel Rail and Major von Dechow
in many respects acted culpably and laid the foundation for
the bad fate of the brigade." [27]
WASHINGTON TO THOMAS FREEMAN.
September 23, 1785.
SIR :—The situation of my affairs on the western waters in the States of Pennsylvainia and Virginia requiring a superintendent, and you having been pleased to accept the appointment, I must beg leave to point out to you the performance of such duties as are particularly necessary.
These will be to settle tenants upon my lands ; collect the rents which will arise therefrom, the debts which will proceed from the sale of my copartnership effects, such others as may be due to me from persons living as above; and, in general, to act and do (where no particular instruction is given) in the same manner as you would for yourself under like circumstances; endeavoring in all cases by fair and lawful means to promote my interest in this country.
My land on the Ohio and Great Kenhawa will be rented on the terms contained in a printed advertisement herewith given you; and, as my disbursements will be great, I should prefer the last-mentioned therein to the other two, as the immediate profit arising therefrom is greatest. It is my wish, also, that each tract could be rented on the same terms, though I do not bind you thereto.
The remainder of my untenanted lands, in the tract cornrnonly called and distinguished by the name of Washington’s Bottom,[28] may be rented on the best terms you can obtain, until the close of the year 1794, and no longer. Less than what lam to get from the other tenants on the same tract, after allowing them three years free from the payment of rent, I should not incline to take; more, I think, ought to be had and may be got.
My tract at the Great Meadows may be rented for the most you can get for the term of ten years. There is a house on the premises, arable land in culture, and meadow inclosed. Much of the latter may be reclaimed at a very moderate expense; which, and its being an excellent stand for an innkeeper, must render it valuable.
All my rents are to be fixed in specie dollars (Spanish coin), but may be discharged in any gold or silver coin of equivalent value. The tenants, in all cases, are to pay the land-tax, which, to prevent disputes, is to be expressed in the leases; and it will be a necessary part of your duty to visit them at proper and convenient periods, to see that the covenants, to the performance of which they are bound, are strictly fulfilled and complied with.
Where acts of Providence interfere to disable a tenant, I would be lenient in the exaction of rent; but, when the cases are otherwise, I will not be put off; because it is on these my own expenditures depend, and because an accumulation of undischarged rents is a real injury to the tenant.
In laying off and dividing any of the lands herein mentioned into lots and tenements, particular care must be bad, that they are accurately surveyed, properly bounded, and so distributed as to do equal justice to the several grantees and to the grantor; that a few may not injure the whole, and spoil the market of them.
If you should not have offers in a short time for the hire of my mill[29] alone, or for the mill with one hundred and fifty acres of land adjoining, I think it advisable, in that case, to let it on shares, to build a good and substantial dam of stone where the old one stood, and to erect a proper fore-bay in place of the trunk which now conducts the water to the wheel; and, in a word, to put the house in proper repair. If you should be driven to this for want of a tenant, let public notice thereof be given, and the work let to the lowest bidder; the undertaker finding himself, and giving bond and security for the performance of his contract. The charges of these things must be paid out of the first moneys you receive for rent or otherwise. If 1 couid get fifteen hundred pounds for the mill and one hundred acres of land most convenient thereto, I would let it go for that / money.
As a compensation for the faithful performance of all these services, I agree to allow you five per cent for all the money which shall be collected and paid to me or for my use, whether arising from rents, bonds, notes or open accounts, or from the sale of wheat or flour taken for rents and converted into cash. Also twenty shillings, Pennsylvania currency, for every tenant who shall be fixed on any of my land, and who shall receive a lease for the same on the terms mentioned; and the further sum of two dollars for every lot which you shall lay off for such tenants, together with such reasonable expenses as may be incurred thereby.[30]
September 23, 1862: Dr. William McKinnon Goodlove (1st cousin, 3 times removed) s a soldier in the 57th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Skirmish at Wolf Creek Bridge September 23.[31]
Fri. September 23, 1864
Followed the enemy 2 miles passed
Edinburg rebel army demoralized
Took 300 prsoners[32]
• September 23, 1884: David Gottlieb, born September 23, 1884 in Mizum . Resided Breslau. Deportation: from Breslau November 25, 1941.Kowno. Date of death November 29, 1941.[33]
September 23, 1911: Arabs attack Jewish worshipers in Jerusalem at the Western Wall on Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year. About 60 worshipers were injured.[34]
September 23, 1923: The Greene County KKK Church is dedicated in Xenia OH in a ceremony with a capacity crowd said to exceed 2800 people. (Ref: Yellow Springs News, 9/28/1923)[35]
September 23, 1923: A fiery cross is burned on the lawn of the residence of Reverend A.A. Burke, pastor of St. Brigid's Church in Xenia OH. Dr. R.L. Haines, spokesman for the KKK denies responsibility. (XDG?, 9/25/1923)[36]
September 23, 1926: All students except those within the immediate vicinity of the Buck Creek school were transported to school in horsedrawn wagons. The wagons were provided by trhose individuals who won contracts from the school board to provide transportation to students along one or more of the district’s eight routes. The lengths of the routes ranged from 2.75 to 7 miles in length. In 1926, the cost of providing transportation in the district was approximately $400.00 per month, with costs of individual routes running from $80.00 per month for the longest route to 29.50 for the shortest.[37]
September 23, 1936: A concentration camp opens at Sachsenhausen, Germany.[38]
September 23, 1939: On this Jewish Day of Atonement, Jews across Poland publicly humiliated by SS troops: forced labor, coerced shavings of beards, destruction of property, beatings, and forced dancing. At Piotrkow, Poland, Jews are compelled to relieve themselves in the local synagogue school, then use prayer shawls and holy books to clean up the mess.[39]
September 23, 1940: SS chief Heinrich Himmler authorizes a special SS Reichsbank account to hold gold (including gold extracted from teeth, silver, jewelry and foreign currency stolen from interned Jews. The account is held by the fictitious “Max Heiliger.”[40]
September 23, 1941: Gassing test are conducted at Auschwitz.[41]
September 23, 1941: 3500 Jews unable to escape from Ejszyszki, Lithuania, are locked in a synagogue and then moved to a cattle market, where they are denied food and water.[42]
September 23, 1942: Over 2,000 Jews were deported from the “show ghetto” at Theresienstadt to the extermination camp of Maly Trostenents in the Soviet Union. Approximately 200,000 to 500,000 were murdered at the camp. There were no known survivors.[43]
September 23, 1942: Over 2,000 Jews were deported from the “show ghetto” at Theresienstadt to the extermination camp of Maly Trostenents in the Soviet Union. Approximately 200,000 to 500,000 were murdered at the camp. There were no known survivors.[44]
• September 23, 1942: At the Treblinka death camp, 10,000 Jews from Szydlowiec, Poland, are killed.[45]
August 18, 1942: Johanna Gottlieb, born January 14,1872 in Grebenau. Resided Frankfurt am Main. Deportation: from Frankfurt a. M. August 18, 1942, Theresienstadt. September 23, 1942. Treblinka. Missing. Declared legally dead, Minsk.[46]
• Gottlieb, Sabine
• Geb. Schild
• July 20, 1859 in Atlanta
• Wurzburg (last known residence)
• Wohnhaft Karbach
• Deportation:Nurnberg-Wurzburg-Regensburg
• September 23,1942, Theresienstadt
• Todesdaten:
• December 5,1942, Theresienstadt
• [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
• [2]Memorial Book: Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Oppression in Germany, 1933-1945
• September 23, 1942: British Home Secretary and Minister of Home Security Herbert Morrison opposed any further admission of Jewish immigrants into Britain. He fears this would encourage the French Vichy government to “dump” Jewish children into Britain.[47]
• September 23, 1943: The Nazis liquidated the Vilna Ghetto. Eight thousand of the remaining 10,000 Jews were beaten, robbed and gathered in Rosa square. One thousand, six hundred were selected to go to the labor camps in Estonia. Another 5,000 were sent to Majdanek and its new gas chambers. Hundreds of the old and sick were sent to Ponar and shot.[48]
• Gottlob, Adolf
• March 27,1874 in Niederwerm
• Wohnhaft Niederwerm
• Deportation: ab Nurnberg-
• Wurzburg-Rebensburg
• September 23,1942, Theresienstadt
• Todesdaten:
• January 21, 1944, Theresienstadt[1] [49]
September 23, 2010
I Get Email!
In a message dated 9/14/2010 7:28:41 A.M. Central Daylight Time:
In the short time between my sending you the link and your accessing it, the site has been reorganized!
From the same main page (http://www.historischerverein.de/ ) click on "Aktuelles." Then in the column on the left, under 2010, click on
Broschüre
Chronik der jüdischen Gemeinde von Werneck
Jim Funkhouser
Thanks Jim, I will try to order this. What a great find, something written about the Jews of Werneck. Any idea on how I would do that? The price is quoted in Euros. I think I would have to contact them about the shipping costs, and pay them by cc hopefully? Jeff
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] Great Turning Points in History, by Louis Snyder, page 1.
[2] This Day in Jewish History
[3] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1219.
[4] The Ten Lost Tribes, A World History, by Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, page 66.
[5] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1240.
[6] [6] The Anchor Atlas of World History Vol. 1, From the Stone Age to the Eve of the French Revolution, 1974, pg. 21.
[7] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1247.
[8] Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History, by David B. Goldstein, page 106.
[9] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1292,
[10] That Dark and Bloody River by Allan W. Eckert, page xviii
[11] This Day in Jewish History.
[12] http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Diaspora.html
[13] Jesus the Jew, A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels, by Geza Vermes, page 69.
[14] Jacob’s Legacy A Genetic View of Jewish History, David B. Goldstein 2008
[15] The Naked Archaeologist, The Curse of the Maccabee Tomb, July 30, 2008.
[16] Jesus the Jew, A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels, by Geza Vermes, page 45.
[17] Saint Patrick: The Man, the Myth, 1997, HISTI.
[18] The Oriental Institute Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011
[19] The Oriental Institute Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011.
[20] This Day in Jewish History.
[21] Selectman of Framingham. Officer of Militia. Owned a negro slave girl, Jenny.
(Jeff Goodlove files.)
[22] Page 157 GenealogyLibrary.com Main Page
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/_glc_/3256/3256_157.html
[23] (From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford, by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, page 120.)
[24] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[25] Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography.
[26] Lafayette
[27] Washington after the Revolution
[28] This tract is the one on which Perryopolis, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, is now located.
[29] This mill is the one already mentioned as having been built at the site of the present Perryopolis, Pa.
[30] The Washington-Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield, 1877
[31] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove
[32] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary
[33] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
• [34] This Day in Jewish History.
[35] The chronology of Xenia and Greene County Ohio. http://fussichen.com/oftheday/otdx.htm
[36] The chronology of Xenia and Greene County Ohio.http://fussichen.com/oftheday/otdx.htm
[37] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 218.
• [38] This Day in Jewish History.
[39] This Day in Jewish History.
[40] This Day in Jewish History.
• [41] This Day in Jewish History
• [42] This Day in Jewish History.
[43] This Day in Jewish History.
[44] This Day in Jewish History.
[45] This Day in Jewish
[46] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[2] Memorial Book: Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National socialist Oppression in Germany, 1933-1945. Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).
[47] This Day in Jewish History.
[48] This Day in Jewish History
• [49] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
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