This Day in Goodlove History, August 17
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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
Birthdays on August 17…
Nancy J. Alexander Short (3rd great grandniece of the wife of the 3rd great granduncle)
James H. Barkley (half 1st cousin of the husband of the 1st cousin 2x removed)
Ruth Echols Tucker
Ruth Godlove
James E. Goodlove (3rd cousin 1x removed)
Lisa M. Kruse (3rd cousin)
George C. Naugle (father in law of the 3rd cousin 2x removed)
Tina M. Walz (2nd cousin)
August 17, 1572. — Lord Hunsdon^ in conformity to new orders, which he had received from Queen Elizabeth, transfers the Earl of Northumberland to Sir John Forster, who conducts him to York. [1]
August 17, 1572: The pope prohibited Jews from admitting Christians into Shuls.[2]
August 17, 1572. — Lord Hunsdon^ in conformity to new orders, which he had received from Queen Elizabeth, transfers the Earl of Northumberland to Sir John Forster, who conducts him to York. [3]
August 17, 1572: The pope prohibited Jews from admitting Christians into Shuls.[4]
August 17, 1585 - Antwerp surrenders after 8 months siege by duke of Parma[5]
August 17, 1592: The pope prohibited Jews from admitting Christians into Shuls.[6]
September 1, 1592: Harsh persecution began with Archbishop Salikowski ordering the Jews to build a church in Lvov, Poland.[7]
1593: Peter HARRISON Of Cambridge
____ - 1593
Repository ID Number: I977
◾RESIDENCE: St. Andrews Cambridge, England
◾DEATH: 1593, ENG [S461] [S9]
◾RESOURCES: See: [S9] [S461]
Father: John HARRISON of Cambridge
Family 1 :
1. + William HARRISON
2. Peter HARRISON of Swavesey
3. + Anthony HARRISON Of Over
4. + Richard HARRISON
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INDEX
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[8]
1593 Jews expelled from Brandenburg, Austria.[9]
AD 1593 - The Mexican inquisition - Christians and Jews were burnt at the stake for keeping the Sabbath
The Mexican Inquisition was an arm of the Spanish Inquisition, an organization of the Catholic Church. The Inquisition originated in late medieval France and was used in Spain to maintain religious purity during the reconquest of the Spanish Peninsula
The accused were ultimately convicted, strangled and burned at the stake. Evidence of their heresy included use of clean clothing and bed linens on Friday -- which was used to prove they were observing the Sabbath -- dietary restrictions and secluded gatherings"At the time, the Inquisition was very interested in rooting out other participants. They cast a wide net throughout Mexico in the later decades of the 16th century." [56] [10]
1593: ** London theatres are forced to close due to the plague. [11]
1593 –Thomas Smythe Representative of Tamworth area in Parliament.[12]
August 17, 1629: Birth date of King John III of Poland. King John ruled from 1674 until his death in 1696. He ruled in a period when Poland was disintegrating under rebellions from the Ukraine and attacks from Sweden. Like previous Polish monarchs, King John was reasonably well disposed towards his Jewish subjects since he saw them as a valuable economic asset. But as Poland drifted into chaos his views were increasingly unpopular among the nobles and the Catholic clergy.[13]
1630 - The first true flintlock.
The flintlock solved a longstanding problem. Some time in the late 1500s, a lid was added to the flash pan design. To expose or protect the powder, the lid had to be moved manually. The flintlock mechanism was designed to push back the lid and spark a flint at the same time. The flintlock ignition system reigned for two centuries, with virtually no alteration. The flintlock pictured here is a typical British "Brown Bess" musket. Marks on the gun indicate that it was used by German mercenaries during the American Revolution.[14]
1630: Promised Land imagery was deeply embedded in the American imagination. The Pilgrims fancied themselves as God’s chosen people and saw America as New Canaan, a new home for a lost tribe. “Come, let us declare the word of God in Zion,” declared William Bradford upon landing on Plymouth Rock. They named their children after key figures in the first five books of the Bible and called more than one thousand of their towns after biblical places, including Bethel, Bethlehem, and, of course, New Canaan. “We shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us,” wrote John Winthrop of the Puritans in 1630.[15]
1630
August 17, 1665: The small colony of Surinam recently occupied by the English gave full rights to the Jews (mostly Spanish and Portuguese refugees.) to practice Judaism and run their own affairs. This remarkably liberal charter was transferred over to the Dutch when they conquered the colony. They used it as a means of encouraging the Jews to remain.[18][1]
I was wondering if this adds anything to your understanding of the events of your family? I do not know of a link between our families, other than I know we have a common ancestor. Perhaps it was around this time? I am learning something everyday and I hope that we can stay in contact so that we might learn more and perhaps connect a few dots. Jeffery Lee Goodlove
p.s. my blog is www.thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com
Robert Porteus , Esq. of Newbottle, Virginia, son of Edward Porteus , b. ca. 1679; d. 8 Aug 1758, at age 79 years; bur. Ripon Cathedral, England; m 1st August 17, 1700 to Mildred Smith , daughter of John & Mary (Warner) Smith , b. 1682; d. bef. 1728; m 2nd Elizabeth Jennings , daughter of Edmund Jennings , b. ca. 1694; d. 1754. Robert Porteus had a total of nineteen (19) children by his two wives.
Robert Porteus , Esq. , left Virginia in 1720, and settled in England at York (and later at Ripon) for the purpose of procuring for his children better instruction than he could obtain in Virginia. He was a native of Virginia, member of His Majesty's Council or Upper House of Legislature in that Province.
Robert & Mildred (Smith) Porteus had:
1. Rev. Robert , b. ca. 1705 ; d. 1754; m. 1736 to Judith Cockayne
Rev. Robert Porteus : 3rd cousin 7 times removed of Gerol Lee Goodlove
I. Rev. Robert Porteus , son of Robert & Mildred (Smith) Porteus, b. ca. 1705; d. 1754; m. 1736 to Judith Cockayne , daughter of Thomas Cockayne of Soham Cambridgeshire, England, b. 1702; d. 1789.
Rev. Robert Porteus , Rector of Cockayne Hatley, Co. Bedford, England. Rev. Robert & Judith (Cockayne) Porteus had:
Mildred Porteus
Mildred Porteus: 4th cousin 6x removed of Gerol Lee Goodlove
1.1. Mildred Porteus , daughter of Robert & Judith (Cockayne) Porteus , b. 1744; m. Robert Hodgson of Congleton Co. Chester, England, b. 1740. Robert & Mildred (Porteus) Hodgson had:
1.1.1. Rev. Robert Hodgson , b. 1776; d. 1844; m. 1804 to Mary Tucker .
Robert Hodgson (priest): 5th cousin 5x removed of Gerol Lee Goodlove
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Robert Hodgson, FRS, DD, MA (1766 – 1844) was Dean of Carlisle[1] from 1820 to 1844.[2]
Hodgson was the son of Robert Hodgson, of Congleton, and Mildred Hodgson (née Porteus).[3]
Hodgson was educated at Macclesfield School and Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he graduated BA as 14th Wrangler in 1795.[4][5] He was Vicar of St George's, Hanover Square for over 40 years, from 1803 until his death in 1844.[6] He died on 10 October 1844 .[7]
[edit] References
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Henrietta Mildred Hodgson: 6th cousin, 4x removed of Gerol Lee Goodlove
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Henrietta Mildred Hodgson
Born
(1805-01-06)January 6, 1805
Died
November 19, 1891(1891-11-19) (aged 86)
Nationality
British
Other names
Henrietta Mildred Smith (married name)
Known for
Great-great-grandmother of Elizabeth II
Spouse(s)
Oswald Smith
Parents
Robert Hodgson
Mary Tucker
Henrietta Mildred Hodgson (January 6, 1805 – November 19, 1891) was an English lady with both royal and presidential genealogical connections.
Through her Virginia ancestry, Queen Elizabeth II and her descendants are related to George Washington, the common ancestor of both being Augustine Warner, Jr.
August 17, 1738: Col. Robert Bolling, of "Chellowe" (the father of Col. Joseph Cabell, Jr.'s first wife), was born August 17, 1738. "He was educated at Wakefield, in England, by the celebrated Dr. Clarke. He was learned in many languages, and wrote the 'Memoirs of the Bolling Family' in the French tongue, a translation of which, by John Robertson, was edited and printed by T. H. Wynne, Richmond, 1869." He was "a lover of wisdom and esteemed it more precious than rubies." He was high sheriff of Buckingham County in 1767, and is said to have been a member of the House of Burgesses. [19]
August 1742: Born in Rhode Island in August 1742, Greene was elected to the Rhode Island legislature at the age of 28 in 1770. Overcoming his Quaker scruples against violence and warfare, Greene joined a local militia at the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1774 and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general of the Continental Army by Congress in 1775. [20]
August 1752: The Twightwees originally made the Twightwee Indian Trail
Pages 100 and 101 of Goodman‘s book include information from Trent‘s journal regarding an
August 1752 meeting at Shawanees Town44. Page 100 states:
Then the Twightwees produced a black and white string of wampum, letting the
Shawanees and Delawares know that when they went there before, they had cleared a
road, but as it had been stopped by the French and Indians, they now clear it again.
Page 101 of Goodman‘s book quotes from a speech by the Twightwees to the English, as
follows:
Brothers: When we first went to see you, we made a road* which reached to your
country, which road the French and Indians have made bloody; now we make a new
road, which reaches all the way to the sun-rising, one end of which we will hold fast,
which road shall remain open and clear forever, that we and our brothers may travel
backwards and forwards to one another with safety…[21]
Robert Callender writes to the governor about the attack
Pages 47 and 48 of Goodman‘s book provide the following letter that was written to the
Governor by Indian Trader Robert Callender from Carlisle[22], Pennsylvania on August 30, 1752:
Last night, Thomas Burney, who lately resided at the Twightwees‘ town in Allegheny, came here and gives the following account of the unhappy affair that was latelytransacted there: On the twenty-first day of June last, early in the morning, two
Frenchmen and about two hundred and forty Indians came to the Twightwees‘ town, andin a hostile manner attacked the people there residing. In the skirmish there was onewhite man and fourteen Indians killed, and five white men taken prisoners.
The party who came to the Twightwees‘ town reported that they had received, as a
commission, two belts of wampum from the governor of Canada, to kill all such Indians
as are in amity with the English, and to take the persons and effects of all such English
traders as they could meet with, but not to kill any of them if they could avoid it, which
instructions were in some measure obeyed.
Mr. Burney is now here, and is willing to be qualified not only to this, but to sundry other
matters which he can discover concerning this affair. If your Honor thinks it proper for
him to come to Philadelphia to give you the satisfaction of examining more particularly
in relation to it, he will readily attend your Honor upon that occasion, or make any
affidavit of the particulars here. Such orders as your Honor pleases to send on this
occasion, shall certainly be obeyed…[23]
August 1758. -Fort Bedford built. [24]
August 17, 1758:
The Catawba Indian trail
George Washington‘s August 17, 1758 letter to Colonel Bouquet (Appendix 0016) mentions
―Gist‘s plantation‖ along the Ohio Company road that became Braddock‘s road. Braddock‘s road is known to have recrossed the Youghiogheny River at Stewart‘s Crossing, at or near present-day Connellsville, and is said to have generally followed the Ohio Company road. Even though the two trails that head north from Gist‘s appear to cross the river well north of Connellsville, this discrepancy is most likely simply an artifact of the out of scale nature of the map. Alternatively, the Ohio Company road might have crossed the river farther north than the subsequent Braddock‘s road.
Evans‘ map (Figure 0003)
Figure 3 This image was made from the June, 23 1755 Lewis Evans map. It shows a route from Fort Cumberland to Turkey Foot.
shows Stewart‘s Crossing along the portion of the road between Gist‘s Plantation and Fort Duquesne. A footnote in Toner‘s 1893 edition of the ―Journal of Colonel George Washington‖ (Appendix 0003) indicates that Stewart‘s Crossing was located about one mile below the location of Connellsville, and was ―…on the line of the early Indian trail or path…‖. Figure 0100 is a representation of Stewart‘s Crossing from a 1908 postcard.
Figure 100 This 1908 postcard shows Stewart’s Crossing of the Youghiogheny.[25]
August 17, 1758: Washington reports that in 1754 he was repairing the Ohio Company road
Pages 302 and 303 of volume 2 of Sparks‘ 1847 book ―The Writings of George Washington‖
(Appendix 0016) indicate that George Washington wrote the following to Colonel Bouquet on
August 17, 1758:
Several years ago the Virginians and Pennsylvanians commenced a trade with the
Indians settled on the Ohio, and, to obviate the many inconveniences of a bad road, they,
after reiterated and ineffectual efforts to discover where a good one might be made,
employed for the purpose several of the most intelligent Indians, who, in the course of
many years‘ hunting, had acquired a perfect knowledge of these mountains. The Indians,
having taken the greatest pains to gain the rewards offered for this discovery, declared,
that the path leading from Will‘s Creek was infinitely preferable to any, that could be
made at any other place. Time and experience so clearly demonstrated this truth, that the
Pennsylvania traders commonly carried out their goods by Will‘s Creek. Therefore, the
Ohio Company, in 1753, at a considerable expense, opened the road. In 1754 the troops,
whom I had the honor to command, greatly repaired it, as far as Gist‘s plantation; and,
in 1755, it was widened and completed by General Braddock to within six miles of Fort
Duquesne.
Washington‘s letter clearly states that a 1753 Ohio Company road became Braddock‘s road, and
Braddock widened and completed it toward Fort Duquesne. This is harmonious with other
information presented in this chapter indicating that a branch of the Ohio Company road went
toward the present-day location of Pittsburgh in 1753. Middleton‘s 1847 map (Appendix 0075)
shows Atkinson‘s extensive on-the-ground study of the route of the Braddock Road. While it
passed within perhaps six miles of the present-day location of Confluence, it did not go there. In
any case, Braddock‘s road, which generally followed the Ohio Company road, is not the Turkey
Foot Road. It did, however, go close enough to Turkey Foot that the second petition could have
described the Ohio Company road using Turkey Foot as a landmark reference.[26]
August 17, 1758: A seemingly perplexing question is why the Ohio Company, George Washington, and Edward Braddock did not simply follow the path to Turkey Foot that is shown on the Fry and Jefferson map. The short answer is provided by George Washington‘s previously quoted August 17, 1758 letter to Colonel Bouquet. The Ohio Company first tried to find a path for a good road themselves. Failing that, ―to obviate the many inconveniences of a bad road‖ they selected a route identified by the Indians that was ―...infinitely preferable to any, that could be made at any other place.‖ In short, Nemacolin‘s route was simply better.[27]
Saturday, January 28, 2006 (7) [28]
Gen. John Forbes
Commander of the Colonial Forces that cut the road through Westmoreland County in 1758.
August 1759. — Fort Pitt begun by Gen. John Stanwix. [29]
August 1759: Crown Point. Location of Fort Saint Frédéric. Near the lower end of Lake Champlain (NY). It was a British trading post before it became French Fort Frédéric in 1731. General Braddock’s orders included dislodging the French from Fort Duquesne in 1755, Fort Niagara, and later Fort Frédéric (Crown Point). The off-and-on planning for a British attack on this fort involved Abercromby, Shirley, DeLancy, Loudon, William Johnson, and others and became a study in incompetence and political infighting. The aggressive Jeffery Amherst took the fort in August 1759 during the lead-in to Wolfe’s attack on Quebec. The small French community that had grown-up around Fort Frédéric was expelled. They petitioned in 1760 to reoccupy their property; the petition was rejected.
Crown Point is about sixteen miles north of Fort Ticonderoga.[30]
August 17, 1569: Mary sends to Elizabeth the affirmations which she had received from the King of France and the Duke of Anjou, by which these
princes certified that neither she, nor any person in her name, had ever ceded to them her rights to the crown of England.'^ [31] [32]
August 1760: Beaujeu had a younger brother—Louis Lienard (1716-1802) who was commandant at Fort Michilimackinac 1758-1760. After the August 1760 French surrender to the British in Canada, Beaujeu turned over command to Charles de Langlade so that Beaujeu would not be the one surrendering to the enemy. Perhaps Louis Lienard felt that surrendering to an enemy who had killed his brother would have resulted in a humiliation beyond the call of duty.[33]
August 17, 1762: The Council of 4 Countries (semi-autononous congress of Polish Jewry) met for the last time. It functioned for almost 200 years before the Polish government ordered its dissolution.[34]
August 1763: mServed as a lieutenant colonel under Forbes in the taking of Fort Duquesne in 1758. Bouquet was Forbes’ field commander. Promoted to colonel in 1762 and then brigadier general in 1765. In August 1763 while leading a force of two Scotch regiments and a battalion of Americans (approximately 460 men), fought and won the Battle of Bushy Run. (See Bushy Run—below.) [35]
August 1763: JOHN WETZEL, Sr., b. 1733, Holland, moved to Switzerland about 1740, married Mary Bonnett, 1756. Children: Martin, b. 1757; Christina, b. 1759; George, b. 1761; Lewis, b. August 1763; Jacob, b. September 16, 1765; Susannah, b. 1767; John Jr., b. 1770. In battle of Point Pleasant under General Andrew Lewis, October 10, 1774. Rendered service as a scout, commanded a company of rangers on the frontier of West Virginia, 1778. Killed by Indians June 11, 1776, VA/WV, buried Grave Yard Run, near Baker's Station, Franklin District, Marshall County, WV. Listed in D.A.R. Patriot Index, Captain, VA & PA.
(Source: D.A.R. Lineage Book, Vol. 149, page 177; Lewis Wetzel, The Life and Times of a Frontier Hero, by C. B. Allman, 1939.)
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LEWIS WETZEL, b. August 1763, d. 1808, age 44, Rosetta, Mississippi. Reinterred in McCreary Cemetery, Marshall County, WV, 8/2/1942. Famous Indian fighter and scout, who became an American Folk-hero for his courage and boldness in the frontier wilderness. Not married.
(Source: Lewis Wetzel, The Life and Times of a Frontier Hero, by C. B. Allman, 1939.)
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MARTIN WETZEL, b. 1762, VA, d. 1830, VA/WV, married Mary Coffee. He was the son of John and Mary (Bonnett) Wetzel. One of the most efficient scouts in the Upper Ohio Valley and spent much time during the long and bloody Indian war in that capacity and rendered much service by doing so. In battle of Point Pleasant, at age 17, under General Andrew Lewis, October 10, 1774. At age 20, he was a soldier under Major Samuel McColloch, the man who is said to have jumped his horse over Wheeling Hill to escape Indians. Defended Fort Henry. Listed in D.A.R. Patriot Index, Private, VA.
(Sources: Lewis Wetzel, The Life and Times of a Frontier Hero, by C. B. Allman, 1939; History of Marshall County, by Scott Powell, 1925.) [36]
August 1770
August 1776: Colonel Hugh STEPHENSON. Born about 1735 in Virginia. Hugh died in August 1776; he was 41.
In July 1776 when Hugh was 41, he married Nancy “Ann” WHALEY. Born bet1738-1740. Nancy “Ann” died in Westmoreland County, Ohio in 1794; she was 56.
They had the following children:
i. William Crawford. Born about 1763.
6 ii. John (1765-1832)
iii. Hugh.
iv. Annie Nancy.
v. Betsey.
7 vi. Marcus (Marquis) (ca1776-1824)
vii. Richard.
[37]
August 1776: – Colonel Hugh Stephenson died a few months before his son Richard was born. He died at “Roxbury Camp," New England (Note: Roxbury is where Immigrant Jehue Burre first settled in with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630)[38]
August 1776: Re: von Linsingen , Ditfurth, Knyphausen Battalion
By:Ron McGuigan
Date: 12/31/2008, 11:48 am
In Response To: von Linsingen , Ditfurth, Knyphausen Battalion (lyman_007)
Fusilier Regiment von Ditfurth
Raised 1702
New York August 1776: Brooklyn, Fort Washington and White Plains [39]
August 1776: Musketeer Regiment von Mirbach, to 1780: Musketeer Regiment Jung von Lossburg, 1780 to war’s end (Hesse Cassel) Arrived at New York August 1776 Sent on the 1777 Philadelphia campaign fighting at Brandywine and Red Bank, N.J. Returned to New York, December, 1777, and stationed there until returned to Germany, 1783. Uniform: Red facings trimmed with plain white lace, white small clothes, red stocks; officers’ lace, silver.
CHIEF: Major General W. von Mirbach, to 1780
Major General W. von Lossburg, 1780 to war’s end
COMMANDER: Colonel J.A. von Loos, to 1777 Colonel von Block, 1777-1779
Colonel C.C. von Romrod, 1777 to war’s end
FIELD COMMANDER: Lieutenant Colonel von Schieck, to October, 1777
Lieutenant Colonel H. von Borck, October, 1777 to war’s end.[40]
August 1776: Augusta. Augusta Town is three miles southwest of Washington, PA on US 40. During the period of Virginia’s claim to much of western PA, a court was held there in August 1776. This action made it the first court held west of the Monongahela River.
Augusta Town. US 40 three miles southwest of Washington. Washington County. Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler.Enlarged Photo.
"Here met, in August 1776, under Virginia's claim to western Pennsylvania, the first court west of the Monongahela River. The site is a mile south and marked by a monument.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.....1947"
http://www.thelittlelist.net/abetoawl.htm#abenaki
August 17, 1776: The voyage was long, tedious, stormy and uncom-
fortable. There was a duel between Lieut. Kleinschmidt and Capt. v. d. Lippe, in which the latter fell.
On August 17th, the fleet reached Sandy Hook, and found there the rest of the German Division, just arrived. Twelve men only were lost on the passage,
but many were sick with scorbutic diseases. The Germans were heartily welcomed, and gave glowing descriptions of the harbor of New York and the adjacent country.
The first order was to remove all silver from the uniforms, just as the British had already done, to lessen the risk of the American riflemen, whose unerring aim was greatly feared.
At the time of the arrival of the German troops, affairs stood about in this position. On the 18th of April, 1775, the first blood had been spilled at Lexington, followed by armed rising everywhere. In the North, Gen. Carleton, with a small force, formed the right wing ; he had resisted an attack on Quebec during the winter, and was preparing to drive the Americans back. In the South, in Carolina, the left wing was under Clinton, sent to co-operate with Parker's fleet, but did nothing effectual there. Howe, who had received the general command in place of Gage, recalled, was in command of the center, and by orders from England, evacuated Boston, np to that time the only place on the northern coast held by the British.[41]
August 21, 1776: Gen. Howe, on the arrival of his new forces, set on foot his plan for driving the enemy from Long Island and New York. The Hessians were assigned their part. The Brigade of v. Stirn was ordered to relieve the Thirty-fifth and part of the Fifth English regiments, and take position well forward on the shores of Staaten Island, separated from the enemy's advance
posts by a narrow strip of water. The Brigade was posted along the shore in small detachments, the Guard Regiment at Amboy Ferry ; the camp was
placed in two lines, but it had to be moved to the rear, to escape the American riflemen, and the Artillery under Lieut. Grenke threw a few shot into Amboy to quiet the enemy.
The width of the water was a little over three hundred paces, and the Americans gathered on their side to watch the German soldiers, who were now for the first time in sight. One of the Hessians said that few of the rebels were in uniform ; most of them looked like a mob, hastily gathered together.
The arrival of the German allies had spread no little alarm among the Americans. The Germans were greatly feared, and many of the inhabitants
had abandoned their homes, flying to New York leaving in their houses many articles of value. The soldiers were quartered in these houses and were very
coolly received. Orders were given to behave with great propriety, for the hope of reconciliation was still cherished. When the inhabitants found that
they were kindly treated, the soldiers were well treated and many sick and wounded were well cared for. The general comfort and prosperity of the
country, little the worse for the war that had been waged, was a constant subject of praise among the German troops.
Gen. Howe, with 35,000 soldiers, well in hand, out of a total force of 55,000 soldiers, including 16,968 Germans, and 28,000 sailors, decided to drive the enemy from Long Island, where they were entrenched at Brooklyn. Separated by the Narrows from Staaten Island, a mile's width, well occupied by the English Fleet, and from New York by the Bast River, of about the same width, the
Brooklyn Heights commanded three roads that on the left to Bedford, that in the center to Flatbush,that on the right to Gowan's Bay. The Heights were strongly held by Washington's best troops, under Gen. Greene, one of his best generals.
On the 2ist August, the Hessian Grenadiers were transhipped, and brigaded with the Yagers, under Gen. Donop, as an advance. The Americans abandoned the shore, after setting fire to some barns.
Lord Cornwallis was detached with the reserve and the advance under Donop and six guns to Flatbush, with orders not to attack if that place was held firmly. Cornwallis took position at Gravesend and sent Donop forward, and as he moved up, the 300 Riflemen withdrew, followed by a few cannon balls.[42]
August 1777
In August, 1777, with about two hundred of his new levies, Crawford joined the main army under Washington, who was then near Philadelphia He rendered efficient service in the preliminary movements which resulted in the battle of BrandyWine, and in that contest not only took an active and prominent part, but came near being captured. He was also, it seems, in the battle of Germantown[43]. Just before this, General Joseph Reed wrote Washington that he had Colonel Crawford with him, “a very good officer.”[44]
http://www.ushistory.org/march/phila/elk_3.htm
1777 Linsing’s First Grenadier Battalion participated in the landing at the head of the Elk River that led to the battles of Brandywine and Germantown and the occupation of Philadelphia. [45]
In August 1777 a satirical letter, "The Sale of the Hessians", was widely distributed. It claimed that a Hessian commander wanted more of his soldiers dead so that he could be better compensated. For many years the author of the letter was unknown. In 1874 John Bigelow translated it to English (from a French version) and claimed that Benjamin Franklin wrote it, including it in his autobiography, The Life of Benjamin Franklin, published that year. There appears to be no evidence to support this claim.[13]
When the British General John Burgoyne surrendered to American General Horatio Gates during the Saratoga campaign in 1777, his forces included around 5,800 troops. The surrender was negotiated in the Convention of Saratoga, and Burgoyne's remnant army became known as the Convention Army. Hessian soldiers from Brunswick-Lüneburg, under General Riedesel, comprised a high percentage of the Convention Army. The Americans marched the prisoners to Charlottesville, Virginia, where they were imprisoned in the Albemarle Barracks until 1781. From there they were sent to Reading, Pennsylvania until 1783.
http://sp.uk.ask.com/sh/i/a11/wikipedia/magnify-clip.png
German soldiers in the American Revolution
Conclusion of the war
27,839 served in the Americas and after the war ended in 1783, some 17,313 Hessian soldiers returned to their German homelands. Of the 12,526 who did not return, about 7,700 had died. Some 1,200 were killed in action and 6,354 died from illness or accidents, mostly the latter.[14] Approximately 5,000 Hessians settled in North America, both in the United States and Canada.
Mid August 1777: The first wave of about 18,000 Hessian troops arrived at Staten Island in mid-August 1776, and were soon after transported to Gravesend Bay. [46]
August 1778: George Gottlieb, Private, Unit:WLD 5 Fifth Company (Captain Georg von Haacke,
after August 1778 Major Konrad von Horn) :Recruited June 1782
During the American War of Independence troops from var-
ious German territories fought on the British side,
including one unit from Waldeck called the Third English-
Waldeck Mercenary Regiment. All these auxiliary troops
are known under the name "Hessians" because the Land-
gravate of Hesse-Kassel provided the largest contingent
of mercenary units.[47]
August 17, 1778: Rall regiment, testimony in Hessian Court of Inquiry by Maj. Joha Matthaeus, New York, August 17, 1778;[48]
August 15 - August 17, 1782 : Siege of Bryan Station.[49]
August 17, 1782 CONRAD GOTLIB (his mark), deserted the British Army at the head of the Elk in 1777. Labourer. [50]
“Richmond (Virginia), August 17th. . . After the barbarous massacre of Colonel Crawford, as mentioned in one of our late papers, the Delawares demanded his son-in-law, Colonel William Harrison, and his nephew [William] Crawford, of the Shawanese, by whom they had been taken; and they were accordingly given up. They both experiencel the most horrid tortures until they were dead. Colonel Harrison was then quartered and stuck up on poles. One Sloven was to have been put to death in the same manner; the fire had been once kindled for him, but a heavy shower of rain falling saved his life then, and before the next day he fortunately escaped.”— [51]
August 17, 1777 — by Queens Island..[52]
am_flag
American Forces Commanded by
Col. Elijah Clarke and Col. Issac Shelby
Strength
Killed
Wounded
Missing/Captured
200
4
8
?
British Forces Commanded by
Maj. Patrick Ferguson
Strength
Killed
Wounded
Missing/Captured
400+
63
90
70
Conclusion: American Victory
August 17, 1780: Col. Elijah Clark, Col. Isaac Shelby and Col. James Williams with 200 mounted men (from Georgia, the over-mountain settlements, and South Carolina respectively) rode from Col. Charles McDowell’s camp on Smith's Ford to attack loyalists at Musgrove's Mill. On the morning of the 18th, some of Clark's, Shelby's, and Williams' men skirmished with an outlying party of the loyalists at Musgrove's Mill, in which both sides lost sides suffered some wounded, and the loyalist one killed. The firing alerted Lieut. Col. Alexander Innes and Major Thomas Fraser who were staying in the Musgrove's residence nearby.
A council was held, and rather than wait for a patrol of 100 mounted who had gone out a short while earlier, it was decided to attack the rebels immediately, who meanwhile had moved to a wooded ridge about a half mile from the mill. For to the back-countrymen's surprise, the loyalist had the previous night been reinforced from Ninety-Six with 200 Provincials under Lieut. Col. Alexander Innes, and another 100 loyalists recruits for Ferguson. Innes reinforcement included a detachment of New Jersey Volunteers under Captain Peter Campbell, a company from 1st Bttn. Delancey, under Captain James Kerr, plus 100 mounted men of Innes’ own South Carolina Royalists. Some accounts speak of some New York Volunteers also being present, but this seems unlikely. The original garrison there was under the command of Maj. Thomas Fraser of the South Carolina Royalists. Present also were Capt. Abraham DePeyster of Ferguson’s corps, and Capt. David Fanning, and Col. Daniel Clary head of the loyalists of that region. Another hundred, apparently all or mostly loyalist militia, were out patrolling. Maj. Patrick Ferguson with a sizable force was not many miles away to the east. Innes left 100 of his men to guard his camp, and went to attack Shelby and Clark with the rest, not counting the 100 out patrolling. While awaiting Innes, Shelby and Clark's men built an impromptu redoubt in some thirty minutes. Then Capt. Shadrack Inman led a party of 25 men to lure Innes' force into an ambush. The stratagem, proposed by Inman, succeeded. The Provincials and loyalists attempted to take the backcountry men with the bayonet, and almost succeeded, but most of their officers, including Innes, himself, were wounded at the critical moment. Disorder set into their ranks and they fled, Inman, however, was killed. Being informed of Camden, the Whigs then mounted and headed northeast toward North Carolina. Prisoners were distributed one for each three Americans who alternated riding double with the enemy. Each prisoner was forced to carry his rifle or musket, with the flint removed so that it could not fire. They avoided the roads and moving as quickly as possible, were thus able to reach the safety of McDowell’s camp at Smith’s Ford.
The action as a whole, from the approach of Innes to the retreat of his forces to the Mill lasted about an hour. According to Draper British lost 63 killed, 90 wounded, 70 prisoners. The back-country men lost 4 killed and 8 or 9 wounded. Much of the disparity in losses is attributed to the Provincials and Loyalist over shooting their targets. Following the battle Clark, Shelby and Williams withdrew in a northwesterly direction, traveling 60 miles, to re-join McDowell (there with about 200) at Smith's Ford. In their flight, they came within five miles of Ferguson. Ferguson pursued, but was unable to catch up with partisans. Prisoners taken were sent to Hillsborough. Clark subsequently returned to Georgia and secreted himself in the woods of Wilkes County, where he was supplied with food from friends. Shelby, meanwhile, returned to the Holston and Watauga settlements, the term of his men’s service having expired. Accounts of the numbers involved and casualty estimates of forces at Musgrove’s Mill differ. Col. James Williams, cited in Draper, gave the Whigs strength as 200, the original Loyalists at the mill at 200, who were then reinforced by 300. The Whigs lost 4 killed and 7 or 8 wounded, while the loyalists lost 60 killed while taking 70 prisoners. Major James Sevier reported the Whig’s strength as 250, as learned from participants. Maj. Joseph McJunkin gave Clark, Shelby and Williams force at about 150, and the British who participated as 300. Ripley calculates the Patriots as numbering from 250 to 700, Tories 200 to 1,300, preferring the lower figure in each case.
August 1784: George Washington presented a Masonic apron made by Madame de Lafayette to General and Bro. de Lafayette.[53]
August 17, 1786: Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
For his part the Duke of Kent, aged 50, already considering marriage and encouraged into this particular match with her sister-in-law by his now-deceased niece Princess Charlotte, became engaged to Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld[7] (August 17, 1786 – March 16, 1861)[54]
August 17, 1786:
David Crockett
Colonel
Harrison's company, fought near chapel & palisade
August 17, 1786
Tennessee, Greene County !Greene County, Tennessee
killed in battle[31]
Alamo co-commander Travis praised Crockett for his actions during the siege, writing, "The Hon. David Crockett was seen at all points, animating the men to do their duty."[32] sallied out late on March 3 to find Fannin, while carrying Alamo's March 3 letters, returned without finding Fannin[33]
Late August 1786: Delegates from 50 massachusetts towns met in Hatfield to consider the economic depression and protested against the inefficient state government, the high cost of the judicial system, and the high taxes. As an after math of this meeting, an armed mob sytormed the Northampton Couirt and prevented it from convening. Soon thereafter action of a similar nature occurred at several other places in the state.[55]
August 1787
The Court49 orders a citation to issue against Hannah Crawford er: Colonel John Stephenson, Executors of William Crawford, Esq.
eased, to settle the account of the deceased Estate, on the first
— - esday in August next. This upon motion of Mr. Galbreath.
August 17, 1787
• The Jews of Budapest, Hungary, received permission from the government to conduct religious services in private homes provided no rabbi officiated.[56]
August 1793: The Prince served in the Low Countries in the War of the First Coalition, under his elder brother Frederick, Duke of York, then commander of the combined British, Hanoverian and Austrian forces. Seeing action near the Walloon town of Tournai in August 1793, he sustained a sabre wound to the head,[8] which resulted in a disfiguring scar.[9][57]
August 17, 1790: President George Washington visits Newport, Rhode Island, where he is given ”the address of the ‘Hebrew Congregation of Newport’” that expressed their appreciation for the rights and liberties that the Jews enjoyed in the United States. It was in response to this document, that Washington wrote his famous reply guaranteeing the Jews religious liberty and promising them that they would be able to sit under their own vine and fig tree and none would make them afraid.[1][58] “To Bigotry No Sanction, to Persecution No Assistance” [2][59] The “children of the Stock of Abraham, who dwell in this land” will do well so long as they “demean themselves as good citizens.”[60]
August 1796:
1. Lady Sophia FitzClarence+4 b. August 1796, d. April 10, 1837[61]
August 17, 1820: Francis lived on the Hardy-Hampshire County line at the head of Oldaker's Run, Dutch Hollow, on 100 acres on the south side of North River Mountain, land he bought in 1814 from Stephen Mayhall. On December 6, 1816 Francis entered a claim for a land patent from the Commonwealth of Virginia. This land, 78 acres on the drains of North River and the north side of Bucks Hill, adjoining his 100-acre tract, was surveyed on June 8, 1818 and patented August 17, 1820 to “Francis Godlop.â€
The younger Francis Godlove administered the estate of his father. In the bond, the deceased was called Francis Godlove and the administrator was Francis Godlove Junior.[62]
August 27, 1855: Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally,[95] visited London in April 1855, and from August 17 to 28 the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit.[98] Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris. They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles.[99]
Wed. August 17, 1864
200 men left for baltimor hospital
H. Crocus an John Keysecker came to camp
(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War diary)[63]
August 17, 1938: All Jewish men in Germany are required to add “Israel” to their name, and all Jewish women, “Sarah.”[64]
August 17, 1939: 85,000 Jews in Slovakia were terrified, being robbed and pillaged by the non-Jews, who were encouraged by the Germans.[65]
August 17, 1941: Thirteen thousand Jews are interned in the Vertujeni camp.[66]
August 17, 1942: Leguay describes the plan for the arrival of trains from the Vichy Zone on August 17, 26, and 29. (In fact they will arrive on August 25,29, and 30.) The Gestapo officers and Leguay agree on details of the children’s deportations; they will be mingles with adults on the trtansports in a maximum proportion of one child for each adult. The reason is doubtless simple, the SS wants French and German railway workers and any others who may see the trains to believe that the children are being dep;orted with their parents.
Dannecker and Rothke remind Leguay that 13 convoys should leave Drancy in August and 13 in September. No doubt they have been informed by Drancy that there were only three children among the 2,791 Jews who arrved from the Vichy Zone on August 7, 9, and 12; they suggest to Leguay that Jewish children now be delivered for deportation with adults. Anxious to receive trainloads from the Unoccupied Zpone as quickly as possible to fulfill the conoy schedule for September they ask Leguay to send those due for that monyth’s deprtations as early as the end of August. Leguay promises to do all that he can and to raise the matter immediately with Vichy. Further the
Germans suss to Leguay that Frnch authorities in the Ocupied Zone could turn over Jews found guilty of crimes or misdemeanortrs and that in the Vichy Zone thay could begin arresting and delivering Belgian and Dutch Jews.[67]
August 17, 1942: The Nazis gassed 341 French Jewish children from the ages of two to ten, as well as 323 girls up to the age of 16, at Auschwitz. [68]
•
August 17, 1942
On August 17, 1942 Convoy 20 left Drancy, France for Auschwitz with 581 children. On board was Paulette Gotlib born in Paris (12) February 19, 1936, age 6. Her brother Simone born June 18, 1939, age 4, was also on board. Their home was 35, r Francois Arago, Montreuil, France. Prior to deportation to Auschwitz they were held at Camp Pithiviers[69]. Pithiviers is of global historical interest as one of the locally infamous World War II concentration camps where children were separated from their parents while the adults were processed and deported to camps farther away, usually Auschwitz. [70] Also on board was Rachla Gotlib born March 22, 1908 from Chanciny, Poland. On board from Vienne Austria was Gertrude Gottlieb born July 6, 1901 and Michel Gottlieb born November 27, 1897.[71]
Convoy 20 , August 17, 1942 was the first of seven large convoys of children who had been separated from their parents buty then deported with other adults to create the illusion that families were being kept together. First grought to camps in the Loiret, in this case, Pithiviers, they were taken back to Drancy, where they were put into deportation convoys together with a few hundred adults from the Unoccupied Zone. This convoy carried 584 children under 18, 358 girls and 226 boys. They ranged in age from 18 down to 2, the youngest allowed by law.
The children were classified by railway car. The date and place of birth, the nationaliey, and in some cases the addresses, were recorded on the deportation lists.
Car 1, 7 children.
Car 4, 56 children and 6 women.
Car 5, 46 children and 4 women.
Car 6, 42 children and 4 women.
Car 7, 33 children and 2 women.
Car 8, 48 children and 7 women.
Car 9, 45 children and 8 women.
Car 10, 49 children and 5 women.
Car 11, 49 children and 6 women.
Car 12, 57 children and 3 women.
Car 13, 46 children and 1 woman.
Car 14, 46 children and 5 women.
Car 15, 30 children and 12 women.
August 17, 1942: The Nazis placed three people on a list entitled, Last minute volunteers, . The three were children, ages 8,7, and 5. Another list entitled Volunteers, includes 16 people, among them seven children.[72]
August 17, 1942: Over the next 48 hours the Nazis murdered 2500 Jews from Drogobych, Ukraine, at the Belzec death camp.[73]
August 17, 1943: Thorpe Abbotts, England: 376 bombers will go further into German airspace than ever before. Their targets are vital industrial chokepoints. If knocked out it will deal a heavy blow to the German war machine. The plan is to send to groups as if they are going for the same target. They will split apart so that each group will face only half of the German fighters. The first group will head to a bal bearing plant in Schweinfurt. The second group to a Mesherschmitt assembly plant in Regensburg. [74] The weather causes the groups to take off 3 hours late. The plan is shatterd. 150 Luftwaffe fighters attack the Regensburge force. Within 90 minuts 240 American airmen are lost. Over Schweinfurt 300 rearmed and refueled German fighters ambush the bombers. 36 B-17s are shot out of the sky. More than 360 American airmen are lost.[75] The headlines of Stars and Stripes read “Biggest Air Battle Cost Nazis 307 Planes.” It was a lie. It reports that the targets had been wiped off the maps. In reality nearly one third of the bombs missed the target at Schweinfurt. At Regensburg the bombing is accurate but the Messerschmitt plant is quickly rebuilt. 60 bombers were missing and another 100 were permanently disabled. In just one day nearly 40 percent of the 8th airforce’s entire fighting force has been crippled or destroyed. [76]
August 17, 1943: The latest deportation continued at Bialystok; The Nazis selection 1,200 children for transport to Theresienstadt. Four weeks later , those children still alive were sent to Birkenau where all of them met the fate of death. Fifty three adults volunteered to join them.[77]
August 17, 1943: By way of Athens, 120 Jews of Rhodes arrive in Auschwitz.[78]
August 17, 1944: The last deportation from Drancy, France, leaves for Buchenwald bearing 51 Jews. Once again we have a reminder of how critical the Final Solution was to the Germans and their allies. This deportation took place as the Allies were liberating Paris. While the Germans were preparing to pull out and leave the French capital to the liberators, they had to ship one more load of Jews to their death. [79]
• August 21, 1941-August 17, 1944
• Seventy thousand Jews pass through the Drancy transit camp.[80]
August 17, 1963 William Stuckey of WDSU radio makes early morning call at
LHO’s apartment with offer to do broadcast interview this evening. He finds Oswald eager to
appear on his weekly “Latin Listening Post.” AOT[81]
August 17, 1966: Frederica "Freda" GUTLEBEN was born on May 4, 1882 in Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died on August 17, 1966 in Fruitvale,Alameda,CA at age 84.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[2] This day in Jewish History.
[3] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[4] This day in Jewish History.
[5] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1585
[6] This day in Jewish History.
[7] This Day in Jewish History
[8] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/Harrison/d0068/g0000031.html#I977
[9] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm
[10] [56]The Regents of the University of California. Produced and maintained by the Office of Public Affairs at UC Berkeley. , http://www.freewebs.com/bubadutep75/
[11] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[12] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[13] This Day in German History.
[14] http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/technique/gun-timeline/
[15] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine, page, 143.
[16] Art Museum, Austin, TX. February 11, 2012
[17] Art Museum, Austin, TX. February 11, 2012
[18][1] This Day in Jewish History
[19] The McKenney-Hall Portrait Gallery of American Indians by James D. Horan page 324.
[20] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nathanael-greene-takes-command-of-long-island
[21] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 37.
[22] Carlisle, PA. Eastern base point for the Forbes Road leading to Fort Pitt. Carlisle acted as the staging area for Forbes in 1758 in his expedition west to take Fort Duquesne from the French. It also served the same purpose for Colonel Bouquet in the trip west to break the siege of Fort Pitt in 1763.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm
[23] http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htmIn Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 35.
[24] http://www.archive.org/stream/darfortduquesnef00daug/darfortduquesnef00daug_djvu.txt
[25] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 23.
[26] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 82.
[27] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 95.
[28] Annals of Southwestern Pennsylvania by Lewis Clark Walkinshaw, Volume I pg. 181
[29] http://www.archive.org/stream/darfortduquesnef00daug/darfortduquesnef00daug_djvu.txt
[30] http://www.thelittlelist.net/coatocus.htm
[31] * See these two documents in the Correspondance de Fènèlon^
torn. i. p, 431, et seq.
[32] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[33] http://www.thelittlelist.net/bactoblu.htm
[34] This Day in Jewish History
[35] The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799
The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor.--vol. 02
[36] http://www.wvgenweb.org/marshall/revwar.htm
[37] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[38] http://www.relivinghistoryinc.org/Timeline---Historic-Events.html
[39] http://www.napoleon-series.org/cgi-bin/forum/archive2008_config.pl?md=read;id=99766
[40] Encylopedia of British, Provincial, and German Army Units 1775-1783 by Philip R. N. Katcher
[41] http://www.archive.org/stream/germanalliedtroo00eelkuoft/germanalliedtroo00eelkuoft_djvu.txt
[42] http://www.archive.org/stream/germanalliedtroo00eelkuoft/germanalliedtroo00eelkuoft_djvu.txt
[43]Col. William Crawford is listed as having served in the 5th Virginia Regiment, Feb.13, 1776 and the 7th later that year. His Campaigns included Germantown. October of 1777 found Washington and his Americans near Germantown, where he continued to worry the enemy. After a few weeks of rest, he moved in on the enemy troops in that locality. The beginning was successful when another fog gave way to another retreat.
(From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, page 142)
[44] The Washington-Crawford Letters, by C. W. Butterfield
[45] JF
[46] http://www.artfact.com/auction-lot/gironcourt,-charles-auguste-de-1756-1811-.-plan-1-c-d625fbe0d4
[47] Waldeker Truppen im amerikanishen unabhangigkeitskrieg Inge Auerbach und Otto Frohlich Nr. 10
[48] Washington’s Crossing by David Hackett Fischer pg. 396
[49] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[50] Names of Persons who took the Oath of Allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania, Between the Years 1777 and 1789, by Thompson Westcott, Clearfield Company.
[51] Pennsylvania Packet, August 27, 1782.
Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield, page 377
[52] Journal kept by the Distinguished Hessian Field Jaeger Corps during the Campaigns of the Royal Army of Great Britain in North America, Translated by Bruce E. Burgoyne 1986
[53] http://www.gwmemorial.org/washington.php
[54] wikipedia
[55] The Northern Light, Vol 17, No. 1 January 1986, “1786-Prelude to Nationhood by Alphonse Cerza, page 4.
[56] This Day in Jewish History
[57] wikipedia
[58] [1] This Day in Jewish History
[59] [2] www.wikipedia.org
[60] The Jews of the United States, by Hasia R. Diner, page 57.
[61] http://www.thepeerage.com/p10508.htm#i105072
[62] James Funkhouser
[63] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[64] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page1761.
• [65] This Day in Jewish History.
[66] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1767.
[67] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 46 and 47.
[68] This Day in Jewish History
[69] “Memorial des enfants deportes de France” de Serge Klarsfeld
[70] Wikipedia.org
[71] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page unknown.
[72] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 383-384.
[73] This Day in Jewish History.
[74] WWII in HD: The Air War. 11/10/2010
[75] WWII in HD: The Air War. 11/10/2010
[76] WWII in HD: The Air War. 11/10/2010
• [77] This Day in Jewish History.
[78] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1777.
[79] This Day in Jewish History.
[80] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1767.
[81] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
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