This Day in Goodlove History: 2013

Tuesday, December 31, 2013

This Day in Goodlove History, December 31, 2013

bubonic plague

[5][5]

Plague of Justinian

541 – 542

Picture 1-63

The Plague of Justinian was a pandemic that afflicted the Byzantine Empire, including its capital Constantinople, in the years 541–542 AD. The most commonly accepted cause of the pandemic is bubonic plague, which later became infamous for either causing or contributing to the Black Death of the 14th century. Its social and cultural impact is comparable to that of the Black Death. In the views of 6th century Western historians, it was nearly worldwide in scope, striking central and south Asia, North Africa and Arabia, and Europe as far north as Denmark and as far west as Ireland. The plague would return with each generation throughout the Mediterranean basin until about 750. The plague would also have a major impact on the future course of European history. Modern historians named it after the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I, who was in power at the time and himself contracted the disease. Modern scholars believe that the plague killed up to 5,000 people per day in Constantinople at the peak of the pandemic. It ultimately killed perhaps 40% of the city’s inhabitants. The initial plague went on to destroy up to a quarter of the human population of the eastern Mediterranean.[6]

542 A.D. Justinians Empire covered more territory than any others in more than two centuries encompassing Italy, North Africa, Egypt, Turkey, Greece and Palastine. The Meditteranian was once again a Roman Lake.[7]

542 CE: Justinian builds a new cathedral in Constantinople, built over the ashes of his chard capital. The Hia Sophia Church is imitated by all the Mosques in Constantinople, Venice, St. Marks, and the Vatican.[8]

December 31, 1229: James I of Aragon the Conqueror enters Medina Mayurqa (now known as Palma, Spain) thus consummating the Christian conquest of the island of Majorca. Following his victory, James “gave the Jews a quarter in the neighborhood of his palace for their dwellings, granted protection to all Hebrews who wished to settle on the island, guaranteed them the rights of citizens, permitted them to adjudicate their own civil disputes, to kill cattle according to their ritual, and to draw up their wills and marriage contracts in Hebrew. Christians and Moors were forbidden, under severe penalties, to insult the Jews or to take earth and stones from their cemeteries; and the Jews were ordered to complain directly to the king of any act of injustice toward them on the part of the royal officials. They were allowed to charge 20 per cent interest on loans, but the amount of interest was not to exceed the capital. In case a Jew practiced usury, the community was not held responsible. The penalty for lending money on the wages of slaves hired out by their masters was loss of the capital. Jews could buy and hold houses, vineyards, and other property in Majorca as well as in any other part of the kingdom. They could not be compelled to lodge Christians in their homes: in fact, Christians were forbidden to dwell with Jews; and Jewish convicts were given separate cells in the prisons. If the slave of a Jew or Moor adopted Judaism or Mohammedanism, he had to be set free and was required to leave the island.”[9]

1230: Hafsid monarchy takes over from Almohads in Tunisia and acquires Saharan trade, German minnesinger Walther von der Vogelweide dies, death of Ottokar I King of Bohemia, Peace of San Germano between emperor and pope – Frederick II being absolved from excommunication, Wenceslas I becomes King of Bohemia, Leprosy imported to Europe by Crusaders, Founding of Berlin on site of former Slav settlements, Death of Ottakar I King of Bohemia, Genghis Kahn's son retires, Union of the kingdoms of Castile and León, Lübeck and Hamburg form alliance, beginning of the Hanseatic league, Hafsid monarchy takes over from Almohads in Tunisia and acquires Saharan trade. [10]

December 31, 1378: Birthdate of Callixtus III the Pope who issued “Si ad reprimendos” the Bull that confirmed “Dudum ad nostram audientiam” which forbade Jews to live with Christians or to hold public office.[11]

1379: Treaty of Neuberg – Albert III and Leopold III divide Hapsburg territories between them, William of Wyleham founds New College at Oxford, Scottish earl Henry Sinclair takes control of Orkney on behalf of Norwegian King Hakon VI Magnusson, Halley's Comet. [12]

Early 1380: By the beginning of 1380 Wheatcliff had begun organizing the translation from Latin of the first English Bible. The work took place in Oxford, with a number of translators. Once the translation was done the new bible was reproduced. Hundreds were copied in scriptaria, production lines producing handwritten copies. 170 of these bibles survive. [13] Wheatcliff had begun to organize and train what had become a new religious order of itinerant preachers who he dispatched around England. Their purpose was to spread the word, literally, in English. In the highway, byways, inns and taverns and village greens, they preached against church corruption and proclaimed Wheatcliffs anti-clerical ideas. They read from Wheatcliffs bible and they became known as Lolards. They were hated by the Catholic establishment. They went straight to the source of God’s teaching, and cut out the preasts.[14]

• The first English translation of the Bible:

• Blessed be poor men in spirit, for the kingdom of heaven is theirs.

• Blessed be mild men for they shall wield the earth.

• Blessed be they that mourn for they shall be comforted.

• Blessed be they that hunger and thirst, rightwise for they shall be fullfilled.

• Blessed by merciful men, for they shall get mercy.

• Blessed by they that be of clean heart for they shall see God.

• Wheatcliff’s Bible.

So far, with respect to the 1380’s, no sources regarding Gutleben have become known from any other city or region. We may assume that he remained active in Strassburg until the end of his contract. A correspondence record from from the Strassburg City Archive, undated, unfortuanatelyt, undoubtedly stems from this time and shows the Jewish physician Gutleben resideng in the cathedral city, in correspondence with his co-religionist Ismael, a former member of the Strassburg Jewish community, who was obviously staing in Augsburg and had fallen into trouble. [15] 1380 to1383 Vivelin/Gutleben in Colmar.[16] Foundation of Kongo kingdom in Congo river mouth region of Zaire, Death of Charles V of France and Charles VI the Mad rules, Dimitri IV of Mosc ow defeats Mongols at Kulikov, Timur begins campaigns to Persia, Georgia, Russia, Egypt etc., death of Catherine of Siena, Mongol Tamerlane conquers Persia, begins expansion, death of Catherine of Siena, John Wyclif translates Bible into English, Geoffrey Chaucer begins Canterbury tales, Death of Charles V the Wise of France, Charles VI named to 1422, John Wycliffe begins translation of New Testament from Greek to English 1300s, John Wycliffe condems Pope as Anti-Christ, Muscovites inflict major defeat on Golden Horde at Kulikovo, Hans Fugger founds banking concern at Augsburg - becomes largest financial house by 1500, Death of Charles V of France, death of Bertrand du Guesclin of France - chief soldier. [17]

1381: Master Gutleben worked only a few years in the position of Basel’s city physician and received at the end of the year 24 fl. at the most. Starting in 1381, he at first is not mentioned any more in the Basel records; he seems to have left the city at that time.[18] Peasants’ Revolt in England led by Wat Tyler, Anglo-French truce for six eyars, Venice wins “Hundred Years War” against Genoa – start of flourishing of commerce, arts and sciences, Chaucer writes “House of Fame”, - Emergence of John Wycliffe and Lollards. [19]

December 31, 1403

On the 31st of December 1403 the mayor and city council of Basel are asking for the city physician Master Heinrich.[20]

1404: Glyndwr sets up Welsh parliament at Machynlleth Wales, important Chinese play “Pi Pa Ki” or Story of the Lute created, Glyndwr sets up Welsh parliament at Machynlleth Wales, Glyndwr treaty with France,[21]

December 31, 1460: Child of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville: May 17, 1443-December 31, 1460: mEdmund, Earl of Rutland (May 17, 1443 – December 31, 1460).[22]

December 31, 1438: Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary. Albert confirmed the privilegium of Béla IV. In 1251 Béla had granted a privilgium to his Jewish subjects which was essentially the same as that granted by Duke Frederick II the Quarrelsome to the Austrian Jews in 1244, but which Béla modified to suit the conditions of Hungary.[23]

1439 Jews expelled from Augsburg.[24] Heirs to the French throne receive title Conte du Dauphine, Henry the Navigator of Portugal opens sailing school at Sagres, Florence becomes Renaissance center, Prince Henry the Navigator retires to Sagre POR and founds college of navigation, Council of Basle deposes Pope Eugene IV – Felix V the antipope to 1449, Great Church Council at Florence. [25]

1440s: The Janissary corps of the Ottoman army was using matchlock arms.[26] Incas build great fortress at Cuzco, Reign of Aztec emperor Moctezuma I and warriors begin to conquer E Mexico, Frederick of Styria and Catinthia elected German King, Platonic Academy in Florence founded, Montezuma I expands Aztec power, Kirtticasa's Ramayana written in India, Frederick III HRE to 1493, Johannes Gutenberg invents printing from moveable metal type, Gutenberg creates printing press, Incas build great fortress at Cuzco, Reign of Aztec emperor Moctezuma I and warriors begin to conquer E Mexico, death of Gilles de Rais – French occultist and serial killer of 80-200 children. [27]

December 31, 1492: One hundred thousand Jews were expelled from Sicily,[28] many going to Tunisia.[29]

DSC05258

gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg[30]

On the forfeiture of the last Lord of the Isles, A.D. 1493, already referred to, the name of the then chief is uncertain, but he became independent, though his clan was so small, that he never attained any great power in consequence.[31]

The name of the Mackinnon chief in 1493 is uncertain.[32]

1493: During the government of the Lords of the Isles, which commenced on the abandonment of their conquests by the Norwegians to the King of Scotland, A.D. 1266 and terminated at the forfeiture of the last lord, A.D. 1493 (temp. James III.), but little can be gathered concerning the deeds of the clan, as, in consequence of their connection with the MacDonalds, many a bold enterprise was doubtless attributed to that powerful tribe which held sway over the lesser tribes, and which would naturally include their actions amongst their own. In one event, forever, of considerable importance, we find the MacKinnons taking a share.[33]On the forfeiture of the last Lord of the Isles, A.D. 1493, already referred to, the name of the then chief is uncertain, but he became independent, though his clan was so small, that he never attained any great power in consequence. In the disturbances in the Isles, which continued during the 16th century, the name of Sir Lauchlan MacKinnon occurs very frequently and he appears, notwithstanding the comparatively small extent of his possessions, to have been a man of consideration in his time. From this time forth the clan took a part in all the political events in which the Highlanders of Scotland were engaged.[34]

430 Castle Moil

In the late 15th century Clan Mackinnon moved from their earlier base at Dun Ringill, near Elgol, to the castle at Kyleakin. At that time the castle was known as Dun Acainn.[35]According to tradition, the castle was built by a Norse princess called "Saucy Mary", married to a MacKinnon chief. It was known as Dunakin in medieval times and was a stronghold of the MacKinnons. After Flodden, a great meeting of chiefs was held here in a failed attempt to restore the Lordship of the Isles.[36]

1493: On a second voyage, Columbus lands on Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and other islands in the West Indies.[37] Columbus brings cattle, sugar cane, wheat, nd other European animals and plants to the West Indies.[38] 17 ships from arrive from Spain in an Island in the Carribean sea carrying 1200 Spaniards. It is the beginning of a stampede of Spanish exploration and conquest. Some will go south, some to the Andes, some to the Mississippi. It is the conquest of the Americas. Driven by greed, carrying weapons and bringing an animal that didn’t exist on this continent. With the horse Spain is able to annialate entire empires in only a few decades. Within 40 years the Incas fall to Pissarro, and the Aztecs in Central America to Cortez. Where there were towns and cities inhabited by millions of people the Spaniards leave only ruins and no one to manage the land. [39] As early as 1493, Spanish authorities in New Spain had passed decrees barring the entry of New Christians. Only those with purity of blood certificates, which certified they were descendants of four generations of Old Catholics, were licensed to migrate to the new world. But these statues were only sporadically enforced in the new frontiers. Because ship crews did not require the certificates, there were several conversos among the early conquistadors of Brazil, Nueva Granada in Latin America, and Nueva Espana, the mammoth territory that included the Philippines, Central America, Mexico, and what is now the American Southwest and California.[40] In 1493 the royal court moved east into Ferdinand’s domain of Catalonia and settled down in Barcelona. Now, as the monarchs arrived and took up residence in the Great Royal Palace, the city presented a woeful face. Once the Venice of Spain and the rival of Constantinople, with its thriving trade and bustling commerce, Barcelona suddenly was stagnant. For the Jews of Barcelona had provided the intellectual energy and the financial backbone of the city, and they had left en masse. “Today no trade at all is practiced,” lamented a local dignitary, “not a bolt of cloth is seen. Clothmakers are unemployed, and other workers the same.” The Jewish quarter had graced the city with its finest schools, its best doctors, its poets and philosophers, and in the blink of an eye, they were all gone. [41] Maximilian I becomes Holy Roman Emperor, succeeding his father Frederick III.[42] The Nuremberg Chronicle, and illustrated world history, is published in Bavaria.[43] End of reign of Emperor Topa Inca in Peru, Death of Frederick of Styria and Carinthia as German King and HRE – Maximilian I reigns as HRE, Pope Alexander VI publishes Papal bull “Inter cetera divina” dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal, Statute of Piotrkow grants Polish aristocracy privileges at expense of burghers and peasants, First Bundschuh (peasant’s revolt) in Alsace and southwest Germany, Turks invade Dalmatia and Croatia, Macimilian I invests Lodovico (Il Moro) Sforza with the duchy of Milan, Charles VIII of France prepares to invade Italy, Maximilian I marries Biance Maria Sforza, Lucretia Borgia daughter of Pope Alexander VI marries Giovanni Sforza, but marriage annulled 1497, Nuremburg chronicle – history from creation to present time published in Latin and German, Richard Pynson prints first dated book Henry Parker’s “Dialogue of Dives and Pauper”, Pope Alexander VI appoints son Cesare Borgia a cardinal, Jacques Lefevre d’Etaples publishes “Paraphrasis in Aristotelis octo physicos libros”, Tilman RIemenschneider the German sculptor carves “Madonna”, Maximilian I appoints court organist and composer, Columbus returns to Palos and leaves Spain on second voyage where he discovers Puerto Rico, Dominica and Jamaica, horse reintroduced into N America, Newly discovered lands divided between Spain and Portugal by Pope Alexander VI, height of Songhai Empire under Askia Mohammed who takes over much of the Mandingo Empire, Maximilian I HRE to 1519, Maximilian I elected HRE, Pope establishes line of Demarcation, End of reign of Emperor Topa Inca in Peru. [44]

December 31, 1728

“December 31, 1728, Andrew Harrison, of Spotsylvania County,

Virginia, to Richard Fitz William, Esq., in trust for himself, the Honble Win. Gooch, His Majesties Lieut. Governor, Captain Vincent Pearse, Dr. Geo. Nicholas & Charles Chlswill, £70 currency; 600 acres in Spotsylvania County and sd land purchased by the sd Harrison, of Harry”Beverley, the sd land having been granted by patent to the sd Beverley.”

Witnesses: William Wombwell Cliff, Thos. Jarman, Augustine Graham. Recorded July 4, 1728.29.[45]

(DEEDS SPOTSVYLVANIA - Excerpts) Deed Book A 1722-172 9, page 104; 'December 31, 1728. Rec. February 4, 1728-9. Elizabeth, wife of Andrew Harrison, acknowledged her dower in sd. land, etc.' [S9] [S461] [S155] [S1416]

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_Anthony HARRISON ___+

| (1600 - 1660)

_Richard HARRISON ___|

| (1628 - ....) |

| |_____________________

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_Andrew HARRISON _____|

| (1648 - 1718) m 1684 |

| | _____________________

| | |

| |_____________________|

| |

| |_____________________

|

|

|--Andrew HARRISON Jr

| (1666 - 1753)

| _____________________

| |

| _____________________|

| | |

| | |_____________________

| |

|_Elinor LONG ELLIOTT _|

m 1684 |

| _____________________

| |

|_____________________|

|

|_____________________

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[46][47]

1729
In 1729, Andrew2 Harrison became an officer of Spotsylvania County militia, under Capt. William Johnson. [48]

December 31, 1775: The disastrous attack Quebec on December 31, 1775, the Continental Army gave up its hope that Canada would join the rebellion. [49]

December 31, 1774

While Dunmore had now been assured of Talgayeeta ending his war, it was clear he spoke for himself alone, not for the other Mingoes. Word had come that a large number of these confederated warriors had gathered and were war dancing some 40 miles to the north at Seekonk—also known as the Salt Lick Town—on the upper Scioto tributary called the Olentangy River. Dunmore had immediately sent a force of 240 men under Maj. William Crawford to cut them off, but he masked the intent of the mission from the tribal peace delegates at Camp Charlotte by announcing that they were going back to the mouth of the Hockhocking for supplies.251

Crawford’s mission, guided by Daniel Sullivan, who had once been a captive there but had escaped, was largely successful. Due to the presence of the detachment being discovered before dawn, the majority of the Mingoes made their escape in the darkness, but six were killed, several others wounded, plus 14 squaws and children taken prisoner.[50]

American Revolution 1775-1783

1775

Valentine was a private, stationed at Fort Fincastle, Augusta County, Virginia in1775.

Andw. Vance Heirs, Dunmore Co. VA Rent Rolls 1775.[51]

1775 Jews expelled to Warsaw.[52]

1775 The Origins of Prince Hall Lodge Grand Lodge of Massachusetts dates back to 1775 when a black man named Prince Hall, together with 14 other African Americans, was initated in Boston, Massachusetts. [53]

1775: Pope Pius VI issues a severe ‘Editto sopra gli ebrei’ (Edict concerning the Jews). Previously lifted restrictions are reimposed, Judaism is suppressed.[54]

1775: Committees of Safety began providing arms to American patriots.[55]

1775: John Wilkinson builds the first true boring machine, making bored rifle barrels possible.

[56]

[57]

1775: In the negotiations between the court of Great Britain and the German princes for the hire of mercenaries to serve against the rebels in America, it is clear that both sides were eager to come to terms. England wanted the men, the princes wanted the money, and while the latter were anxious to receive as large subsidies as possible, the chief care of Lord North's cabinet was to obtain the greatest number of soldiers with the least possible delay. Friedrich Kapp, the German historian of these bargains, thinks that Colonel William Faucitt, the British commissioner and plenipotentiary in the whole matter, was extravagant in the terms he granted. This does not appear, however, to have been the opinion of the Earl of Suffolk, Lord North's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, who constantly expressed himself as well satisfied with his agent.[58]

The British cabinet had been disappointed in the hope, which it had entertained in the summer and early autumn of 1775, of obtaining twenty thousand men from Russia. Its negotiations for the use of a so-called Scotch regiment, actually in the service of Holland, were destined to fail. Five battalions of the Hanoverian subjects of George III were despatched to Gibraltar and Minorca, setting the Englishmen who had been in garrison in those fortresses free for other service. No further source of supply was left but the small independent principalities of Germany.[59]

The Germanic States in 1775

History of the Germanic States

"The map of Germany in the 1600 -1700's presents the most extraordinary patchwork. Across the northern part of the country, from its eastern to its western side, but not in an unbroken line, stretch the territories of the King of Prussia. The Austrian hereditary dominions, in a comparatively compact mass, occupy the southeastern corner. Beyond the boundaries of these two great powers, all is confusion. Electorates, duchies, bishoprics, the dominions of margraves, landgraves, princes, and free cities are inextricably jumbled together. There were nearly three hundred sovereignties in Germany, besides over fourteen hundred estates of Imperial Knights, holding immediately of the empire, and having many rights of sovereignty. Some of these three hundred states were not larger than townships in New England, many of them not larger than American counties. Nor was each of them compact in itself, for one dominion was often composed of several detached parcels of territory. Yet every little princedom had to maintain its petty prince, with his court and his army. The princes were practically despotic. The remnants of what had once been constitutional assemblies still existed in many places, but they represented at best but a small part of the population"

The History of our Hessian families comes out of the history of these principalities.

"The cities and towns were governed by privileged classes. In the country some little freedom remained with the peasants of some neighborhoods as to the management of their village affairs, but in general the peasantry were not much better off than serfs, and subject to the tyranny of a horde of officials, who intermeddled in every important action of their lives. Trade was hampered by tolls and duties, for every little state had its own financial system. Commerce and manufactures were impeded by monopolies. In certain places sumptuary laws regulated the dress or the food of the people."

"Before the last quarter of the 17th century some improvement had taken place in the political condition of Germany. Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria were, in their different ways, enlightened princes, and their example had stimulated many of the better sovereigns to exert themselves in some measure for the good of their people. The influence of the Liberal movement in France was also felt. But the idea of political freedom had hardly taken shape in the most cultivated of German minds. The good or evil disposition of the prince was no more under the control of the ordinary subject than the state of the weather. The doctrine of passive obedience was in fashion, though not entirely uncontested. If, as one writer on politics explained, it was the duty of the subject to submit in case his prince should take his life in mere wantonness, it was to be hoped that another writer was equally correct in saying that "in princely houses all virtues are hereditary." (Biedermann, vol. i. pp. 161, 163, n.) "[60][61]

1775

1775 court of west augusta

[62]

1775–1783 – The American Revolution. In the early years, the Cherokee in all sections (the Out, Middle, and Valley Towns in North Carolina, the Lower Towns in South Carolina and Georgia, and the Overhill Towns in Tennessee) support the British against their colonies in the Second Cherokee War.[63]

December 31, 1781

Congress establishes the Bank of North America, with a capitalization of $400,000.[64]

1782

Among the number of residents of Fayette County who registered slaves under the requirement of the law of 1780.[65]

Isaac Meason, 8; John Stevenson, 5; Each of the following name 3 slaves each. Margaret Vance, William Harrison, Dennis Springer, Thomas Moore, Robert Harrison, Richard Stevenson.

1782

George Cutlip is on this list with 4 horses and 8 cows. No extra tithables.[66]

1782

I am sure, but I need to double check, that George Cutlip is on the 1782 Augusta County taxlist. This same George Cutlip was on the Pendleton County taxlists when that county was formed from Augusta in 1787, then in Bath in 1791 when that county is formed. This George Cutlip disappeared from the taxlists in 1795. These taxlists indicate and would definitely mean there are two George Cutlips, more than likely a Jr. and a Sr., in Virginia in 1782 - Greenbrier County and Augusta County. [67]

1782

Quite different was the style in which the liberals of Europe spoke of the war and of the mercenaries. The principles which were to bring about the French Revolution were at work, and some of the actors of that great drama were already stepping upon the stage. Mirabeau, then a fugitive in Holland, published a pamphlet addressed "To the Hessians and other nations of Germany, sold by their Princes to England." It is an eloquent protest against the rapacity of the princes, a splendid tribute to the patriotism of the Americans. The genius of Mirabeau could look far enough into the future to recognize in the North American continent an asylum for the oppressed of all nations. His blow at the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel struck home. Not only did the latter attempt to buy up the edition of the pamphlet, but he caused an answer to be published, which only had the effect of calling forth a rejoinder, in which the future tribune maintains that an offense against the freedom of nations is the greatest of crimes. In the same spirit wrote Abbe Raynal and others, some of them better known in Europe, at that time, than Mirabeau, and against them a paper warfare was kept up in the Dutch journals, then the most influential, because the freest, on the Continent. In the public library at Cassel is an interesting little pamphlet published in 1782 in French, and also in German. This pamphlet is attributed by Kapp to Schlieffen, the Minister of Landgrave Frederick II; but I do not know on what authority. The writer pointed out such novel facts as that men had in all ages slaughtered each other, that the Swiss had long been in the habit of fighting as mercenaries, that the ten thousand Greeks under Xenophon did the same, and he considered it unjust to blame his contemporaries for what seemed to be a natural instinct of mankind. He noticed that the present letting-out of troops by Hesse was perhaps the tenth occasion of the sort since the beginning of the century. He showed the benefits which the Landgrave had bestowed on his country, and the affection in which he was held by his people. He drew attention - and this was, perhaps, his best argument - to the fact that the Landgrave of Hesse and the Duke of Brunswick were so nearly connected with the English royal family that their descendants might be one day called to the throne of Great Britain (This argument was not mentioned in the British Parliament, where it might, perhaps, have been received with derision.) As for the boasted Liberty of the Americans, she was but a deceitful siren, for all history proved that republican governments were as tyrannical and cruel as monarchies. [68]

1782 - Benjamin Harrison was Lieutenant Colonel of the 4th Battalion of the Militia of Westmoreland County, Penn.; number of men., 123. [69]

1782: Fort Cumberland was located where Wills Creek joins the Potomac River, at the present-day location of Cumberland, Maryland. That general area was called ―Wills Creek‖ in many colonial documents, evidently because the mouth of Wills Creek was an arrival and departure point. Up to the mouth of Wills Creek, the Potomac River was useable for water transportation. For example, in 1782 Thomas Jefferson wrote ―…Fort Cumberland, the head of the navigation on the Patowmac…‖.[70]

The Narrows, [71]and the valleys of Braddocks Run, Wills Creek, and Jennings Run provided natural passages to the west. Because of these simple geographical influences, the present-day Cumberland area became an important gateway to the west.[72]

1782-1787: Dr. Moses Hoge, a Presbyterian minister, may have been the first teacher in Hardy County. He taught school in Moorefield from 1782 to 1787.[73]

1782 – A group of Cherokee under Kunagadoga, or Standing Turkey, receives permission to emigrate west of the Mississippi from the governor of Spanish Louisiana, into what is later Southeast Missouri. • Dragging Canoe leads his people further westward and southwestward into what becomes known as the Five Lower Towns area, eventually penetrating Northeast Alabama as more Cherokee refugees migrate to the area.[74]

1782: Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II abolishes most of persecution practices in ‘Toleranzpatent’ on condition that Yiddish and Hebrew are eliminated from public records and judicial autonomy is annulled. Judaism is branded “quintessence of foolishness and nonsense”. Moses Mendelssohn writes: “Such a tolerance… is even more dangerous play in tolerance than open persecution”.

December 31, 1793: Thomas Jefferson

Portrait of Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale.

3rd President of the United States

In office
March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809

Vice President

Aaron Burr
George Clinton

Preceded by

John Adams

Succeeded by

James Madison

2nd Vice President of the United States

In office
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801

President

John Adams

Preceded by

John Adams

Succeeded by

Aaron Burr

1st United States Secretary of State

In office
March 22, 1790 – December 31, 1793

President

George Washington

Preceded by

John Jay (Acting)

Succeeded by

Edmund Randolph

[75]

December 31, 1824: The Kentucky house passed a resolution requesting its congressmen to vote for Jackson in the presidential contest. [76]

1825

In those days books were rare and Abraham Lincoln’s library was small and select. It consisted at first of three volumes: The Bible, Aesop’s Fables and Pilgrim’s Progress. Some-time in the eighties a prominent magazine published a series of articles written by men of eminence in the various walks of life, under the title of “Books that have helped me." The most noticeable fact was that each of these eminent men–men who had read hundreds of books–specified not more than three or four books. Lincoln’s first list was of three. They were emphatically books. Day after day he read, pondered and inwardly digested them until they were his own. Better books he could not have found in all the universities of Europe, and we begin to understand where he got his moral vision, his precision of English style, and his shrewd humor.

Later he borrowed from a neighbor, Josiah Crawford, a copy of Weems’Life of Washington. In lieu of a bookcase he tucked this, one night, into the chinking of the cabin. A rain-storm came up and soaked the book through and through. By morning it presented a sorry appearance. The damage was done and could not be repaired. Crestfallen the lad carried it back to the owner and, having no money, offered to pay for the mischief in work. Crawford agreed and named seventy-five cents (in labor) as a fair sum.

“Does this pay for the book,” the borrower asked, “or only for the damage to the book?” Crawford reckoned that the book “wa’n’t of much account to him nor to any one else.” So Lincoln cheerfully did the work–it was for three days–and owned the book.[77]

1825: In 1825 Abraham Lincoln borrowed a book titled Life of Washington[78] by Parson Mason Weems. [79]However, the book got soaked with rain. Unfortunately Abe left the book inside the cabin near where there was a chink in the logs and an all-night rain had soaked the book. He worked off its worth for his neighbor from whom he had borrowed it (Josiah Crawford). This was the very first book Abraham ever personally owned.[80]

Description: The Indiana Panel

NPS Photo

INDIANA PANEL: 1816-1830.
The Boyhood Days of Lincoln.

This panel depicts Lincoln as a youth, but fully grown and capable of doing a man's job. At the extreme left is James Gentry, wealthy farmer and merchant.

Abe was a frequent visitor in his home. Next to him is Josiah Crawford. Lincoln worked for him three days to pay for a book he borrowed which was damaged by rain. Behind Abe, "The Railsplitter," holding a hewn log are Aaron Grigsby, husband of Lincoln's sister, and Dennis Hanks, his mother's cousin. To the right is James Gentry's son Allen who was Lincoln's companion on a trip down the Mississippi River to New Orleans. Beside him is Thomas Lincoln's second wife, Sarah Bush Lincoln.[81]

1825: The Erie Canal was proposed in 1808 and completed in 1825. The Canal links the waters of Lake Erie in the west to the Hudson River in the east. [82] A ship could now travel all the way from the great lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. In the days before railroad this was big business. [83]

1825: Russian Poet and author, Abraham Baer Gottlober, when at the age of fourteen (born January 14, 1811) he married the daughter of a wealthy “Hasid” in Chernigov, and settled there. When his inclination for secular knowledge became known, his father ion law, on the advice of a Hasidic rabbi, caused the young couple to be divorced, and Gottlober, who had joined the Hasidim after his marriage, now became their bitter enemy. [84]

1825 ca. - Percussion-cap guns are in general use.[85]

February 9, 1825: As no presidential candidate received a majority of electoral votes in the election of 1824, the U.S. House of Representatives votes to elect John Quincy Adams, who won fewer votes than Andrew Jackson in the popular election, as president of the United States. Adams was the son of John Adams, the second president of the United States.

In the 1824 election, 131 electoral votes, just over half of the 261 total, were necessary to elect a candidate president. Although it had no bearing on the outcome of the election, popular votes were counted for the first time in this election. On December 1, 1824, the results were announced. Andrew Jackson of Tennessee won 99 electoral and 153,544 popular votes; John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts received 84 electoral and 108,740 popular votes; Secretary of State William H. Crawford, who had suffered a stroke before the election, received 41 electoral votes; and Representative Henry Clay of Kentucky won 37 electoral votes.

As dictated by the U.S. Constitution, the presidential election was then turned over to the House of Representatives. The 12th Amendment states that if no electoral majority is won, only the three candidates who receive the most popular votes will be considered in the House.

Representative Henry Clay, who was disqualified from the House vote as a fourth-place candidate, agreed to use his influence to have John Quincy Adams elected. Clay and Adams were both members of a loose coalition in Congress that by 1828 became known as the National Republicans, while Jackson's supporters were later organized into the Democratic Party.

Thanks to Clay's backing, on February 9, 1825, the House elected Adams as president of the United States. When Adams then appointed Clay to the top Cabinet post of secretary of state, Jackson and his supporters derided the appointment as the fulfillment of a corrupt bargain.

With little popular support, Adams' time in the White House was for the most part ineffectual, and the so-called Corrupt Bargain continued to haunt his administration. In 1828, he was defeated in his reelection bid by Andrew Jackson, who received more than twice as many electoral votes than Adams.[86]

1825 – Census figures for the Cherokee Nation East, were 13,563 Cherokee, 1277 slaves, and 220 intermarried whites.[87]

December 31, 1862: President Abraham Lincoln signed an act admitting West Virginia to the Union.[88]

1863: How much money did the Civil War cost the U.S. government each day? According to a report released by the U.S. Congress in 1863, the financial cost of fighting the war was $2.5 million a day.[89]

December 31, 1864

Have fortified the position and built cabins for winter quarters. Health of the regiment excellent, supply of clothing moderate, ordnance and ordnance stores of good quality and in excellent condition. Arms, Springfield muskets, been in use five months. Distance marched, since last muster, 100 miles.[90]

At 4 o’clock p.m. after writing the above remarks, the regiment was ordered to Winchester, Virginia[91] and have just been mustered near that place in the midst of a snowstorm. [92]

December 31, 1867: Sarah was born in Pennsylvania in 1813 and died in Washington County, Iowa, on 31 December (December 31) 1867, age 54 years 7 months 8 days. Sarah may have been a widow when she married John (Godlove)[93]

December 31, 1903: We found a total of 1,015 deportees in Convoy 19. The men were in a slight majority. The largest age grouop for the men is between 43 and 64; for the women, between 39 and 64. There were more than 100 children under. 16.

Adolph Gottlieb born December 2, 1919 from Austria and Sidonie Gottlieb, born December 31, 1903 also of Austria were on board Convoy 19.[94]

The list is almost impossible to decipher. All the family names are blurred. They are followed bgy first name, date and place of birth, profession and nationality. The listing is not alphabetical, and is composed of five sublists, four from camps in the unoccupied zone and one from Drancy.

1. Les Milles, 236 ).

2. Recebedou, 63 names.

3. Noe, 56 names.

4. Rivesaltes, 395 names. The places of birth are not indicated. There were no children. From this camp there were (among a few others) 279 Germans, 76 Poles, and 24 Austrians. They came from the convoy which had left Rivesalotes on August 11 for Drancy, carrying 400 internees: 163 women, 229 men, and 8 children.

5. Drancy, 238 names. Many were families from Paris.

Among the 991 persons listed according to nationality were 571 Germans; 219 POoles; 83 Austrians; 71 French; 11 Russians; 6 Czechs; and 29 undetermined.

On August 14, SS Heinrichsohn composed the usual telex to Eichmann in Berlin, the Inspector of Concentration Camps at Oranienburg, and the Commandant of Auschwitz. He informed the addressees that on that day, at 8:55 AM, train #901/14 left with 1,000 Jews from the station at Drancy for Auschwitz, under the supervision of Feldwebel Kropp. A very important detail is indicated: Heinrichsohn states that “…for the first time, there are children (under 12)…”, (“darunter erstmalig kinder”).

Documents related to this convoy are XXVb-120 (of August 7), and XXVb-121 (of August 10.

Upon their arrival in Auschwitz, 115 men were selected for work (there were exactly 115 men between ages 18 and 42. All the others—at least 875 people, were immediately gassed. Neither woman nor child entered the camp. The 115 received numbers 59229 through 59343.

To the best of our knowledge, there was only one survivor from this convoy in 1945, Nathan Seroka.[95]

December 31, 1935: Jews are dismissed from the civil service in Germany.[96]\

August 1855 - 1936

John Goodlove

•

Birth

August 1855
Iowa, USA

Death:

1936
Iowa, USA

http://www.findagrave.com/icons2/trans.gif

Burial:
Ainsworth Cemetery
Ainsworth
Washington County
Iowa, USA

Created by: GAS
Record added: Oct 13, 2011
Find A Grave Memorial# 78306033

John Goodlove
Cemetery Photo
Added by: Paul Mack

[97]

1936: U.S Population is at 127 million.[98]

1936: Hoover Dam completed creating Lake Mead, the world’s largest reservoir.[99]

1936: Arab Revolt led or coopted by the Al-Husseini family and Fawzi al-Kaukji and apparently financed by Axis powers. Over 5,000 Arabs were killed according to some sources; most were killed by other Arabs and by British. Eleven Arab clans were wiped out by Hajj Amin El Husseini and his men. Several hundred Jews were killed by Arabs. Husseini fled to Iraq and then to Nazi Germany.[100]

Chinese Famine of 1936

Chinese Famine of 1936 The Worst Droughts and Famines in History Politics & History picture

Hitting China over a few months in 1936, the Asian country lost an estimated five million people during the Chinese Famine of 1936. This incident was one of several to affect China during the first part of the 20th century.[101]

From 1936-1939, there was an Arab uprising in which 10,000 people were killed. The British showed leniency in the beginning, which resulted in a disaster, 1,000 British were killed, 500 Jews, and 8,500 Arabs (most of the Arabs were killed by other Arabs vying for control).IN the end, the British had to use the iron fist policy to stop the uprising. This event put greater fear into the British, who put further limits on Jewish immigration.[102]

OBITUARY: GODLOVE, Laura Bell, Medford, Jackson County, Oregon

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USGENWEB ARCHIVES(tm) NOTICE:

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Copyright. All rights reserved.

http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm

http://www.usgwarchives.net/or/orfiles.htm

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Transcribed and formatted for use in USGenWeb Archives by Elizabeth

Corethers 14 April 2003

December 31, 1942: Himmler orders that the extermination of the Jews of the General-gouvernment be completed by the end of the year. [1][103] Himmler sent a directive to SS Lieutenant-General Wilhelm Kruger, head of the German police forces in the General Government. The directive ordered "the resettlement of the entire Jewish population of the General Government be carried out and completed by December 31.The General Government was the term for the Nazi administration in occupied Poland. The order was issued "in the name of the New Order, security and cleanliness of the German Reich."

Deportations to the Auschwitz death camp begin for Parisian Jews who have been held at Drancy, France, since July 16. [2][104]

December 31, 1953: Harrison was a both an outdoorsman and a scholarly patron of the arts. He loved hunting and fishing, and throughout his life went on numerous expeditions into the wilderness in search of big game or the perfect trout stream, including hunting and fishing trips to the Sierra Nevada Mountains, India, Indochina, and Africa. In 1940, when he was eighty years old, Harrison and his long-time friend Oscar Mayer (the Chicago meat-packer), each bagged a 150 pound buck on their annual hunting trip to northern Michigan. Harrison also had somewhat of a reputation as a trencherman, and favored a "Kentucky Nightcap" of bourbon before retiring for the day. At the same time, however, Harrison was an avid art collector and regular at the Chicago symphony and opera. Before his death, he donated his substantial art collection to the Art Institute of Chicago, including works by Paul Gauguin, Childe Hassam, Mary Cassatt, Claude Monet, and Toulouse-Lautrec. In recognition of his support, the Art Institute ultimately named Harrison a Benefactor and Governing Life-Member of the museum. According to his daughter, Harrison's "light-reading" usually consisted of poetry or the ancient Greek classics, and he read a chapter of the Bible each night throughout his life in fulfillment of a boyhood promise to his mother.

Harrison died on Christmas Day, 1953, at the age of ninety-three. On New Year's Eve of that same year (December 31, 1953), the Chicago City Council passed a resolution recognizing his accomplishments as mayor, Collector of Internal Revenue, world traveller, and patron of the arts. The resolution stated, in part, that "from such men as Carter H. Harrison, men of integrity, vision, high civic ideals and unswerving zeal, we shall take example." Harrison led a life full of accomplishments and achievements, and appeared to have no regrets. The only disappointment that seemed to stick with him was the failure of his son, Carter H. Harrison V, to have a son that could carry on the family name. Much to Harrison's chagrin, it was his daughter, Edith Harrison Manierre, who bore him two grandsons, while his son gave him four granddaughters. [105]

December 31, 1962 Khrushchev writes to JFK tonight: “The year 1962 now passing

into history witnessed events whose fatal development was possible to avert, thanks to the fact that both

sides showed a sensible approach and reached a compromise.”

Also, as 1962 draws to a close, JFK’s drive against the Mafia (led by his brother RFK) has

convicted 101 people. Hundreds more are on trial. He is making good on his 10/10/62 threat to

destroy the organization.

David Ferrie makes a call to G. Wray Gill’s office today from Ft. Worth, Texas[106]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[2] www.wikipedia.org

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timetable_of_major_worldwide_volcanic_eruptions

[4] http://www.twoop.com/medicine/archives/2005/10/bubonic_plague.html

[5] ^ William Rosen (8 May 2007). Justinian's flea: plague, empire, and the birth of Europe. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-03855-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=2oA2Lbiv4xAC. Retrieved 29 March 2011.

[6] http://listverse.com/2009/01/18/top-10-worst-plagues-in-history/

[7] The Dark Ages, HISTI, 3/4/2007

[8] The Dark Ages, History International, 3-4-2007

[9] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[10] mike@abcomputers.com

[11] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[12] mike@abcomputers.com

[13] The Reformation, The Adventure of English. 12/10/2003, HISTI

[14] The Reformation, The Adventure of English. 12/10/2003, HISTI

[15] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 4.

[16] Die mittelalterliche Arzte-Familie,, Gutleben” page 93.

[17] mike@abcomputers.com

[18] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 3.

[19] mike@abcomputers.com

[20] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 6.

[21] mike@abcomputers.com

[22] Wikipedia

[23] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[24] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm

[25] mike@abcomputers.com

[26] http://www.talonsite.com/tlineframe.htm

[27] mike@abcomputers.com

[28] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[28] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[29] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm

[30] http://www.ukattraction.com/western-isles/castle-moil.htm

[31] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888

[32] Torrence, page 477.

[33] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888

[34] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888

[35] http://www.ealaghol.co.uk/pictures/castlemoil/

[36] http://www.serenery.com/430CastleMoil.html

[37] Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.

[38] Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.

[39] America before Columbus, NTGEO, 11/22/2009

[40] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, page 181

[41] Dogs of God, Columbus, the Inquisition, and the Defeat of the Moors, by James Reston, Jr., pg. 293.

[42] Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.

[43] Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.

[44] mike@abcomputers.com

[45] County Records Spottsylvania County 1721-1800 vol 1) pp 2 3 Will Book A, 172248, p. 104. Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence, pg 316.

[46] Sources

[S24]

[S166]

[S9]

[S24]

[S168]

[S438]

[S460]

[S9]

[S461]

[S155]

[S1416]

[S24]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

INDEX Back to the Harrison Repository Home Page

EMAIL

© 1995-2001. Becky Bonner and Josephine Lindsay Bass. All rights reserved.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HTML created by GED2HTML v3.6-WIN95 (Jan 18 2000) on 10/20/01 12:48:53 PM Central Standard Time.

[47] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/Harrison/d0096/g0000014.html#I1020

[48] [James Edward Harrison, A comment of the family of ANDREW HARRISON who died in ESSEX COUNTY, VIRGINIA in 1718 (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: privately printed, no date), 52.] Chronological Listing of Events In the Lives of Andrew Harrison, Sr. of Essex County, Virginia, Andrew Harrison, Jr. of Essex and Orange Counties, Virginia, Lawrence Harrison, Sr. of Virginia and Pennsylvania Compiled from Secondary Sources Covering the time period of 1640 through 1772 by Daniel Robert Harrison, Milford, Ohio, November, 1998.

[49] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lord-dunmore-dispatches-note-of-inexpressible-mortification

[50] That Dark and Bloody River, Allan W. Eckert

[51] AIS Census Report, 1809 Virginia Census, page 528.

[52] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm

[53] The Journal of the Masonic Society, Autumn 2010, Issue 10 page 30.

[54] www.wikipedia.org

[55] http://www.talonsite.com/tlineframe.htm

[56] http://www.talonsite.com/tlineframe.htm

[57] The American Pageant, Bailey, Kennedy, Cohen

[58] http://www.americanrevolution.org/hessians/hess2.html

[59] http://www.americanrevolution.org/hessians/hess2.html

[60] COPIED VERBATIM FROM

http://www.americanrevolution.org/hessindex.html

[61] http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/germany.htm

[62] http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/1905AccountofVirginiaBoundaryContraversy.pdf

[63] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.

[64] ON This Day in America by John Wagman.

[65] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania by Franklin Ellis, 1882.

[66] http://www.ls.net/~newriver/va/grnb1782.htm (1782 Greenbrier Co., Va. taxlist)

http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/ifetch2?/u1/textindices/C/CUTLIP+1998+1837576+F
William Cutlip
> WC711@IBM.NET

[67] EHB http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/ifetch2?/u1/textindices/C/CUTLIP+1998+1837576+F

[68] The Hessians by Edward Lowell

[69] (Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd Series, v. 14, p. 695)

[70] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 6.

[71] This December 10, 2006 aerial photo was taken looking northeast at the Cumberland Narrows. The Narrows provides a natural passage to the west from the Cumberland area. The mountain ridge runs north-northeast into Pennsylvania, and south-southwest to Cresaptown. The Narrows is defined by the south end of Wills Mountain and the north end of Haystack Mountain. (Photo by Geologist James L. Stuby, who donated it to the public domain.)

[72] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 6.

[73] http://www.polsci.wvu.edu/wv/Hardy/harhistory.html

[74] Timetable of Cherokee removal.

[75] Wikipedia

[76] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824

[77] http://www.authorama.com/life-of-abraham-lincoln-5.html

[78] The Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington (1800). Published anonymously in its first edition the year following Washington's death, this immensely popular biography would undergo continual expansions and revisions during the author's lifetime, with a twenty-ninth edition published the year of Weems's death. Not a model of strict factual biography, the work originates many of the Washington myths, including the cherry-tree story, which first appears in the fifth edition (1806). Weems also publishes Hymen's Recruiting Sergeant, the first of his popular moralistic pamphlets, to be followed by God's Revenge Against Murder (1807), The Devil in Petticoats (1810), God's Revenge Against Gambling (1815), and God's Revenge Against Dueling (1820).

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/parson-weems#ixzz1k7aS5Cx3

[79] Parson Weems

Portrait of Parson Weems

Mason Locke Weems (October 11, 1759 – May 23, 1825), generally known as Parson Weems, was an American book agent and author. He is best known as the source of some of the apocryphal stories about George Washington. The famous tale of the cherry tree ("I cannot tell a lie, I did it with my little hatchet") is included in The Life of Washington (1800), Weems' most famous work. This nineteenth-century bestseller depicted Washington's virtues and provided an entertaining and morally instructive tale for the youth of the young nation.[1]

Weems was born on 11 October 1759 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. He studied theology in London and was ordained in the Protestant Episcopal Church in 1784. He worked as a minister in Maryland in various capacities from 1784 to 1792. Financial hardship forced Weems to seek additional employment, and he began working as a traveling book agent. Weems married Frances Ewell in 1795 and established a household in Dumfries, Virginia. He had a small bookstore in Dumfries that now houses the Weems–Botts Museum, but he continued to travel extensively, selling books and preaching.[2]

Dumfries is not far from Pohick Church, part of Truro Parish, in Lorton, Virginia, where both George Washington and his father Augustine had worshipped in pre-Revolutionary days. Weems would later inflate this Washington connection and promote himself as the former "rector of Mount-Vernon parish".

· Other notable works by Weems include Life of General Francis Marion (1805); Life of Benjamin Franklin, with Essays (1817); and Life of William Penn (1819). He was an accomplished violinist.

Influence and historical reliability

The New York Times has described Weems as one of the "early hagiographers" of American literature "who elevated the Swamp Fox, Francis Marion, into the American pantheon and helped secure a place there for George Washington".[3]

Weems' name would probably be forgotten today, had it not been for the tension between the liveliness of his narratives, contrasted with the "...charge of a want of veracity [that] is brought against all Weems's writings".[4] The cherry-tree anecdote illustrates this point. Another dubious anecdote found in the Weems biography is that of Washington's prayer during the winter at Valley Forge.[5][6]

The exaltation of Washington

The exalted esteem in which the founding fathers, and especially George Washington, were held by 19th century Americans seems quaintly exaggerated to their 21st century counterparts; but that Washington was so regarded is undisputed. The acme of this esteem is found on the ceiling of the United States Capitol Building in the form of Brumidi's fresco The Apotheosis of Washington.

Weems' A History of the Life and Death, Virtues and Exploits of General George Washington,[7] was a biography written in this spirit, amplified by the florid, rollicksome style which was Weems' trademark. According to this account, publicly his subject was "...Washington, the HERO,and the Demigod...;" furthermore, at a level above that "...what he really was, [was] 'the Jupiter Conservator,' the friend and benefactor of men." With this hyperbole, Weems elevated Washington to the Augustan level of the god "Jupiter Conservator [Orbis]" (that is, "Jupiter, Conservator of the Empire", later rendered "Jupiter, Savior of the World").

Weems also called Washington the "greatest man that ever lived". This degree of adulation, combined with the circumstance that his anecdotes cannot be independently verified demonstrates clearly that they are confabulations and parables. Similar mythology grew up about other Founding Fathers (e.g., Patrick Henry), usually well after the subjects of the mythology had died.

The cherry-tree anecdote

Arguably the most famous (or infamous) of the exaggerated or invented anecdotes is that of the cherry tree, attributed by Weems to "...an aged lady, who was a distant relative, and, when a girl, spent much of her time in the family...," who referred to young George as "cousin".[8]

“

The following anecdote is a case in point. It is too valuable to be lost, and too true to be doubted; for it was communicated to me by the same excellent lady to whom I am indebted for the last.

"When George," said she, "was about six years old, he was made the wealthy master of a hatchet! of which, like most little boys, he was immoderately fond, and was constantly going about chopping everything that came in his way. One day, in the garden, where he often amused himself hacking his mother's pea-sticks, he unluckily tried the edge of his hatchet on the body of a beautiful young English cherry-tree, which he barked so terribly, that I don't believe the tree ever got the better of it. The next morning the old gentleman, finding out what had befallen his tree, which, by the by, was a great favourite, came into the house; and with much warmth asked for the mischievous author, declaring at the same time, that he would not have taken five guineas for his tree. Nobody could tell him anything about it. Presently George and his hatchet made their appearance. "George," said his father, "do you know who killed that beautiful little cherry tree yonder in the garden? " This was a tough question; and George staggered under it for a moment; but quickly recovered himself: and looking at his father, with the sweet face of youth brightened with the inexpressible charm of all-conquering truth, he bravely cried out, "I can't tell a lie, Pa; you know I can't tell a lie. I did cut it with my hatchet." "Run to my arms, you dearest boy," cried his father in transports, "run to my arms; glad am I, George, that you killed my tree; for you have paid me for it a thousand fold. Such an act of heroism in my son is more worth than a thousand trees, though blossomed with silver, and their fruits of purest gold."

”

Death

Weems died on May 23, 1825 in Beaufort, South Carolina of unspecified causes. He is buried somewhere on the grounds of Bel Air Plantation[9] near the extinct town of Minnieville in present day Dale City, Prince William County, Virginia. The precise location of his grave and the accompanying cemetery were lost in the mid 20th Century.

In 1911, Lawrence C. Wroth authored Parson Weems; a biographical and critical study; it was his first book.[10]

[80] http://rogerjnorton.com/Lincoln92.html

[81] http://www.nps.gov/libo/historyculture/the-sculptured-panels.htm

[82] Eriecanal.org

[83] How the states got their shape, HIST, 4/16/2010.

[84] Jewish Encyclopedia.com by Herman Rosenthal and Peter Wiernik .

[85] http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/technique/gun-timeline/

[86] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/presidential-election-decided-in-the-house

[87] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.

[88] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[89] The Civil War 2010 Calendar.

[90] (Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Part II Record of Events Volume 20 Serial no. 32. Broadfoot Publishing Company Wilmington, NC 1995.)

[91] Below will be found a list of the officers and men in Company I, Eighteenth Virginia Cavalry, in the confederate service. Nearly all the men were from Hampshire county: …Joseph Godlove, second sergeant: Levy Crawford, third sergeant: …David Godlove, Isaac Godlove, John A. Godlove, Abraham Didawic, John Didawic, Benjamin Didawic, George Swisher, Benjamin Swisher, Simon Swisher, … Noah Funkhouser, James H. Funkhouser, … Jacob Orndorff

History of Hampshire County West Virginia, From its Earliest Settlement to the Present by Hu Maxwell and H. L. Swisher 1897

[92] (Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Part II Record of Events Volume 20 Serial no. 32. Broadfoot Publishing Company Wilmington, NC 1995.)

[93] Jim Funkhouser

[94] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld. Page 156.

[95] Memorial to the Jews Deported From France 1942-1944, by Serge Klarsfeld, page 156.

[96] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page1760.

[97] http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Goodlove&GSbyrel=in&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&GRid=78306033&

[98] Nature Center, Crabtree Forest Preserve, Barrington, IL March 11, 2012

[99] Nature Center, Crabtree Forest Preserve, Barrington, IL March 11, 2012

[100] http://www.zionism-israel.com/his/Israel_and_Jews_before_the_state_timeline.htm

[101] http://www.timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?subjid=521&title=Drought

[102] 365 Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land by Clarence H. Wagner Jr.

[103] [1] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1772.

[104] [2] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[105] http://mms.newberry.org/html/harrison.html

[106] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf

Monday, December 30, 2013

This Day in Goodlove History, December 30, 2013

Like us on Facebook!
https://www.facebook.com/ThisDayInGoodloveHistory

https://www.facebook.com/pages/Jeff-Goodlove/323484214349385

Join me on http://www.linkedin.com/

Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, and John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, Abraham Lincoln

The Goodlove Family History Website:

http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html

The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

• • Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.

“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.

Isaac Godlove

Andrew Harrison (8th great grandfather)

Harriet Harrison (4th great grandaunt)

Nancy Harrison Mckinnon (4th great grandmother)

Dorothy LeClere Ehrke (2nd cousin 2x removed)

Fritz L. Marugg (1st cousin 1x removed)

Carrie Mckee Dennis

Terry D. Repstien (3rd cousin)

December 30, 39: A black day on the Jewish calendar; birthdate of Roman Emperor Titus the man who destroyed the Second Temple. The Arch of Titus commemorates the exile of the Israelites.[1]

40 CE: The growth of Christianity was astounding. The tiny band of Jewish heretics had grown to one thousand by 40 CE. [2]

41 BCE: The power to appoint the High Priest falls on Agrippa I in 41, when Judaea was added to his kingdom. Toward the end of 41 Agrippa I offered Jonathan a second term as High Priest, as being a more worthy than Simon Cantheras, whom he had appointed earlier in the year. But Jonathon declined the honour on the that a more pious person than he was needed and that his brother Matthias would be a better choice. His real reason for declining may have been that he preferred to exercise his influence by back seat driving sas an ex High Priest, hoping to have a greater effect on public affairs in that way. Later events indeed show that his influence was considerable. [3]

41 CE: Simon Cantheras, perhaps son (?) of Joazar or Eleazar, was high priest for less than a year.[4]

Decembr 30, 1187: In December 30, Conrad's forces launched a dawn raid on the weary Egyptian sailors, capturing many of their galleys. The remaining Egyptian ships tried to escape to Beirut, but the Tyrian ships gave chase, and the Egyptians were forced to beach their ships and flee. Saladin then launched an assault on the landward walls, thinking that the defenders were still distracted by the sea battle. However, Conrad led his men in a charge out of the gates and broke the enemy: Hugh of Tiberias distinguished himself in the battle. Saladin was forced to pull back yet again, burning his siege engines and ships to prevent them from falling into enemy hands.[5]

December 30th, 1317 - Pontifical degree "Sancta Romania" against spiritualists[6]

1318: Edward Bruce killed in Battle of Faughart near Dundalk, truce between Swiss League and Hapsburgs, death of German mastersinger Heinrich Frauenlob von Meissen, Swiss make peace with Habsburgs. [7]

December 30, 1370: Pope Urban V dies, December 30 Pope Gregory Xi appointed (Pierre Roger de Beaufort Limoges) French, Gregory XI pope to 1378, [8]

1371-1791: Between 1371 and 1791, 111 famines devastated France alone.[9] Death of David II of Scotland – rule of Robert II and House of Stewart, English defeat Flemings at Bourgneuf. [10]

December 30, 1648 - ABT 1718

Repository ID Number: I1018

◾RESIDENCE: London, ENG;Essex Co; King & Queen Co;Caroline Co. VA
◾BIRTH: December 1648, London ENG To Essex Co., VA, [S94] [S9]
◾BIRTH: December 30, 1648, St. Giles Without Cripplegate Pa., London, Middlesex Co., ENG [S166]
◾DEATH: ABT 1718, Caroline Co. VA (Will)
◾CHRISTENING: January 7, 1648, St. Giles Cripplegate, London, Middlesex Co., ENG [S166]
◾RESOURCES: See: [S9] [S14] [S94] [S155] [S438] [S461] [S1023] [S1359]

Father: Richard HARRISON

Family 1 : Elizabeth PALMER

§ MARRIAGE: April 22, 1669, St. Clement Danes, ENG

1. John HARRISON

Family 2 : Elinor LONG ELLIOTT

§ MARRIAGE: 1684, Virginia [S419]

1. + Andrew HARRISON Jr

2. + Elizabeth HARRISON

3. + Margaret HARRISON

4. + William HARRISON SR.

Notes

Ancestry fairly well documented in Cripplegate circumstantial evidence of neighbors and friends in VA compared to Cripplegate ENG were used to conclude that Andrew who died 1718 in Essex Co., VA was in fact the son of Andrew and Margaret Barber of Cripplegate. This is in conflict with Worth S. Ray but seems quite plausible.

Andrew had patents on Golden Vale Creek, St. Mary's Parish, Essex Co. VA as early as 1684. He supposedly was the brother of Judge James Harrison of Old Rappahannock Co. In 1704 he was granted land southwest of Golden Vale on the Mattaponi River in King and Queen Co. VA. He died testate in 1718 and named four children in his will. [11]

On December 30, 1738, William Smithers of

Essex County, Virginia, conveyed to Charles Harrison, of Orange

County, Virginia, for five pounds currency, 26 acres of land in

Orange County, Virginia. Witnesses were Battaile Harrison, Andrew

Harrison, and Lawrence Harrison [12]

1739: Andrew, Battle, Charles, George and William all appear in 1739, and the first two with Lawrence in 1741. Andrew Harrison and his two sons --not named-- are mentioned October 25, 1744; the sons among others being allowed "26 pounds of tobacco" for patroling and guarding a prisoner. (Order Book, 1743-46, p. 224)[13]

1738: In 1739, Isaac Van Meter and his brother, John Van Meter, received a patent for 40,000 acres of land from Virginia Governor William Gooch. John Van Meter received a patent for 30,000 acres in the present-day Martinsburg area, and Isaac Van Meter received a patent for 10,000 acres in the Moorefield area. Lord Fairfax immediately challenged the patents as an infringement on his land holdings. Isaac later sold much of his land to a relative, Jost Hiyt[14]

1739: More About George Cutlip:
Date born 2: 1711, Germany, Switzerland.1683

Children of George Cutlip and Christina Gotlieb are:
i.+George Cutlip, b. 1739, Forterion Rock, ON, Canada1683, d. October 1812, Pike Cty, OH1684.
ii.Elizabeth Cutlip, b. 1741, Eastern, VA1685, d. date unknown.[15]

December 30, 1758: PROVIDENCE MOUNTS (MOUNTZ) JR., December 30, 1758 - May 16, 1813. Served from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on the Crawford Expedition of 1782. Helped lay out the town of West Liberty. His father was Lieutenant Colonel Providence Mounts of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Marker location - Foreman-Mounts Cemetery (Hubert Bond Farm, Old Dixon Farm.) [16]

December 30, 1772

Nancy Harrison, daughter of Major William Harrison and his wife, Sarah Crawford born in Westmoreland, Pa. [17][18]

The little town in Harrison County, Kentucky, where Catherine (Harrison) McKinnon was born was the county seat of Cynthiana named for the daughters of Robert Harrison, Cynthia and Anna. Robert Harrison donated the land on which the town was formed and the first school was built. Daniel McKinnon formed the first Methodist Episcopal Church in Moorefield Township, Clark County, Ohio. No doubt Catherine was one of the first members of Pleasant Hill M. E. Church which was built within a few yards of her gravesite. I have not located a reference which explains the occupation of Daniel McKinnon while he lived in Kentucky and Pennsylvania but when moved to Clark County “he settled on Buck’s Creek and became Sheriff, where his territory embraced several of our present prosperous counties.” (Ref.#6.l & 6.2) Daniel McKinnon, according to the biographical sketch of James B. McKinnon (Ref.#6.2) was “the first Sheriff of Champaign County, Ohio, was also Representative and State Senator several terms from Clark County.” He also became a Judge according to Ref.#6.3. “Much credit is due Senator Daniel McKinnon of Champaign County who was instrumental in securing recognition of Clark County, and he became one of the first Associate Judges; as a reward for his efforts...” [19]

1773

David Vance, Fauquier Co. VA, Landholders Names, 1773.

James Vance, Fauquier Co. VA, Landholders Names, 1773.

Jas. Vance, Fauquier Co. VA, Pattentees, 1773.

Joseph Vance, Fauquier Co. VA, Landholders Names, 1773.

Joseph Vance, Fauquier Co. VA, Grantees, 1773.

The Willows (Moorefield, West Virginia)

The Willows

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Location:

South of Moorefield, near Moorefield, West Virginia

Coordinates:

39°2′0″N 78°57′43″W / 39.033333°N 78.96194°W / 39.033333; -78.96194Coordinates: 39°2′0″N 78°57′43″W / 39.033333°N 78.96194°W / 39.033333; -78.96194

Area:

1 acre (0.40 ha)

Built:

1850

Architectural style:

Greek Revival

Governing body:

Private

MPS:

South Branch Valley MRA

NRHP Reference#:

73001905[1]

Added to NRHP:

July 2, 1973

1773: "The Willows", also known as Randolph House, is a historic home located near Moorefield, Hardy County, West Virginia. It was built in three sections in a telescoping style. It consists of One small log house, a middle section of frame, and a brick mansion all connected end-to-end. The oldest section is the 1 1/2 story log structure built before 1773. The main section is a two story, brick Greek Revival style mansion house. It features a square columned entrance porch. During the American Civil War, McNeill's Rangers used the farm for care of some of their horses. In the last year of the War, McNeill's Rangers commander Major Harry Gilmore used "The Willows" as his command.[2]

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.[1][20]

David Lindsey was on the 1773 tax list for Tyrone Township, Westmoreland Co Amt of tax = 1.6; Edmund Rice = 5.6; James Tarrance = 2.0; Isaac Mason = 3.3 Note: The "stewarts Crossing" area of the County was Bullskin and Franklin TWP. Westmoreland, Bedford, PA.[21]

1773 Westmoreland formed from Bedford CO Tyrone TWP moved to Westmoreland CO. Westmorland, PA.[22]

1773 – Treaty of Augusta, ceding over two million acres (8,000 km²) to the colony of Georgia.[23]

DECEMBER 30, 1776

Executive Committee to John Hancock

The Hessians are incumbered with a deal of Plunder & baggage which obliges them to move slow. We hope for another glorious Action & shall be happy to transmit you the account of it very soon. No doubt Sir Wm Howe Knight of the Bath & Genl. &c will be very angry at these doings in the Jerseys, and probably in his Wrath he will come over armed with vengeance & threaten destruction, but we expect he must dance to a different Tune upon this March than he did on his late passage to Trenton for we have the pleasure to assure you with certainty, that the Face of things is totally changed, our People are full of Spirits & turn out freely so that Genl. Washington will find himself daily gathering fresh Strength and we shall not be surprized if New Jersey turns out in like manner.
We are now at the 31st Decr. 12 oClock & have just recd. your Honors letter of the 27th enclosing Sundry Important Resolves of Congress Copies whereof we shall dispatch to General Washington in half an hour. Every part that relates to this Committee shall be carefully attended to and no time shall be lost in carrying into execution such things as Congress have ordered.
We had yesterday the pleasure to see the Hessian Prisoners paraded in Front Street. They formed a line of two Deep up & down Front Street from Market to Walnut Street, and most people seemed very angry they shou'd ever think of running away from such a Set of Vagabonds. We have advised that both the officers & men shou'd be well treated & kept from Conversing with disafected People as much as possible. One of our Light Horse brought down ten prisoners this Morning that were taken near Prince Town & appear to have been a reconitering party, and a Captn Smith writes from Crosswix that nine Hessian officers were taken & one killed in that quarter, supposed to be part of those that fled from Trentown. No farther Acct yet from Genl. Cadwallader. Troops are Constantly coming in & marching for the Jerseys so that every thing may reasonably be expected in our favour. Six of the Enemies Ships are still in Delaware Bay so stationed that Capt Biddle cannot pass them, the Fly & Musquito employed in Watching them & the Wasp Cruizing outside of them. We intend to send a person to stay at Cape May to give us regular advice of their Motions which we are much in Want of. We are much hurried but ever remain sir, Your Obedt & devoted hble servts. Robt Morris

Geo Clymer
Geo Walton[24]

Brigadier-General Matthias Alexis Roche de Fermoy was for many years an officer of engineers in the army of France, where he enjoyed a considerable reputation. With the restless ambition of a soldier of fortune he came to America, and was made a brigadier-general by Congress, November 5, 1776. He took part in the battle of Saratoga, and acted, as at Trenton, in a very questionable manner. He made a request of the Continental Congress, December 30, 1777, for promotion to the rank of major general, but it was refused.

December 30, 1778: Winch, David, Lancaster, Col. Wade's regt. for service at Rhode Island; Capt. Belknap's co.; muster rolls sworn to at East Greenwich, September 28, November 10, and December 30, 1778; enlistment to expire January 1, 1779.[25]

December 30, 1782 William McCormick, 5 slaves.[26]

1783 - Benjamin Harrison was enumerated in the census of Franklyn Township, Westmoreland County: 300 acres, 1 horse, 1 cattle, 1 sheep, 4 white inhabitants. [27]

1783

Fayette formed from Westmoreland 1783[28]

1783

Bullskin TWP in Westmoreland until 1783 when Fayette CO formed (Part of Tyrone TWP). 1771--Tyrone Twp.--now portions of Westmoreland and Fayette. Also given to Blair County[29]

1783 1784 1785

1783-1784-1785 Yohohengia and Westmoreland Counties coexist. VA courts first existed at Ft. Pitt, mostly at Andrew Heath's farm house, and sometimes at Gabby Farm ("beyind Citizens Farm Water CO Reservoir SW of Washington; probable very near Catfish Camp, an occasional court meeting place.)[30]

1783

100 acres, 3 horses, 4 cattle, 9 sheep, 9 white inhabitants; Edmund Lindsey also 200,2,2,8,9 Soon to be Fayette CO in 1784.Note: The "Mudd Island" tract that David Lindsay, blacksmith, sold to Zacharia Connell was 147 acres, as surveyed in 1794."Mudd Island) was found on the Bullskin-Franklin twp boundry along Youghiogeny River. The Fayette County Tyrone and Bullskin TWP's were not added untill 1784.[31]

1783

(p72) Jury Duty: David Lindsay, Edmund Lindsay, et al "Lee of William Robinson vs Zachariah Connell with William McCormick Ejectment" MINUTE BOOK "A" Westmoreland CO, 1783 Aug 1982 Page 28[32]

1783

Isaac Meason; Member of the Supreme Executive Council for Fayette County Pennsylvania.[33]

1783

Pln: William Robinson. Def: Zach. Connell, Wm McCormick. Edmund Lindsey also on jury. Ejectment suit[34]

1783

Pln: William Robinson. Def: Zach. Connell, Wm McCormick. Edmund Lindsey also on jury. Ejectment suit Changed name from Lindsy for sorting purposes![35]

1783: In the Treaty of Long Swamp Creek between the Cherokee and the State of Georgia, the former were forced to cede most of the land between the Savannah and Chattahoochee Rivers.[36]

1783: History of the Sinking Spring Farm (Lincolns Birthplace). William Greene received a land grant of 30,000 acres from the Commonwealth of Virginia. The land was part of what is now Jefferson County, Kentucky but would become part of Hardin County, Kentucky in 1792. The deed for the land grant was signed by Patrick Henry. One-half of the 30,000 acres was bought by Joseph James, which was then purchased by Richard Mather, a land speculator from New York.[37]

1783-1785: Grímsvötn, Northeastern Iceland; 1783–1785; Laki; 1783–1784; VEI 6; 14 cubic kilometers of lava, an estimated 120 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted, produced a Volcanic winter, 1783, on the North Hemisphere.[12] Mt. Laki in Iceland started to ooze sulfur rich lava from deep in the earths surface. It produced no ashe, but lots of sulphur dioxide. This caused the average temperatures in the eastern U.S to fall over nine degrees the following year.[38]

December 30, 1814: The Tories, unlike Whigs such as Earl Grey, sought to continue the vigorous prosecution of the war in Continental Europe against the powerful and aggressive Emperor of the French, Napoleon I.[42] An anti-French alliance, which included Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain and several smaller countries, defeated Napoleon in 1814. In the subsequent Congress of Vienna, it was decided that the Electorate of Hanover, a state that had shared a monarch with Britain since 1714, would be raised to a Kingdom, known as the Kingdom of Hanover. On December 30, 1814 the Prince Regent signed and ratified the Treaty of Ghent which ended the War of 1812 with the United States. Napoleon returned from exile in 1815, but was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, brother of Marquess Wellesley. [39]

December 30, 1816: Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi

and Auguste Chouteau for the United States and representatives of the Council of Three Fires[40] (united tribes of Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi) residing on the Illinois and Milwaukee rivers, signed on August 24, 1816 and proclaimed on December 30, 1816. Despite the name, the treaty was conducted at Portage des Sioux, Missouri, located immediately north of St. Louis, Missouri.

By signing the treaty, the tribes, their chiefs, and their warriors relinquished all right, claim, and title to land previously ceded to the United States by the Sac and Fox tribes on November 3, 1804. By signing, the united tribes also ceded a 20 mile strip of land to the United States, which connected Chicago and Lake Michigan with the Illinois River. In 1848, the Illinois and Michigan Canal was built on the ceded land and, in 1900, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal.

The specific land given up included:

The said chiefs and warriors, for themselves and the tribes they represent, agree to relinquish, and hereby do relinquish, to the United States, all their right, claim, and title, to all the land contained in the before-mentioned cession of the Sacs and Foxes, which lies south of a due west line from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the Mississippi river. And they moreover cede to the United States all the land contained within the following bounds, to wit: beginning on the left bank of the Fox river of Illinois, ten miles above the mouth of said Fox river; thence running so as to cross Sandy creek, ten miles above its mouth; thence, in a direct line, to a point ten miles north of the west end of the Portage, between Chicago creek, which empties into Lake Michigan, and the river Depleines, a fork of the Illinois; thence, in a direct line, to a point on Lake Michigan, ten miles northward of the mouth of Chicago creek; thence, along the lake, to a point ten miles southward of the mouth of the said Chicago creek; thence, in a direct line, to a point on the Kankakee, ten miles above its mouth; thence, with the said Kankakee and the Illinois river, to the mouth of Fox river, and thence to the beginning: Provided, nevertheless, That the said tribes shall be permitted to hunt and fish within the limits of the land hereby relinquished and ceded, so long as it may continue to be the property of the United States.

In exchange the tribes were to be paid $1,000 in merchandise over 12 years.[3] The land was surveyed by John C. Sullivan and its land was originally intended as land grant rewards for volunteers in the War of 1812. Many of the streets in the survey run at a diagonal that is counter to the Chicago street grid.

Today, Indian Boundary Park in West Ridge, Chicago commemorates this Treaty.[41]

December 30, 1825: The Osage Treaty (also known as the Treaty with the Osage) was signed in what became Council Grove, Kansas, on June 2, 1825 between William Clark on behalf of the United States and members of the Osage Nation. The accord contained fourteen articles. Based on the most important terms of the accord, the Osage ceded multiple territories to the United States government. According to the first article of the treaty, the territories ceded entailed lands lying within and west of both the State of Missouri and the Territory of Arkansas, lands lying north and west of the Red River, all territories south and east of the Kansas River, and all lands located through the Rock Saline. The accord was proclaimed on December 30, 1825.[1][42]

December 30, 1825: The Treaty of St. Louis was signed on November 7, 1825 (proclaimed on December 30, 1825) between William Clark on behalf of the United States and delegates from the Shawnee Nation. In this treaty, the Shawnee ceded lands to the United States near Cape Geredeau.[5] In return for Cape Geredeau, the United States government gave the Shawnee a sum of 11,000 dollars and leased to them a blacksmith shop for five years providing all tools and 300 pounds of iron annually.[6] Moreover, peace and friendship between the two nations were renewed and perpetuated.[7][43]

In 1826, the Prophet moved with most Ohio and Indiana Shawnee to a reservation in modern-day Kansas. Here, the Prophet's quest for power continued. By the end of his life, Tenskwatawa lived in his own village with only his family. The other Shawnee people chose to live in the villages of younger and more prominent leaders.[44]

1826: Treaty of Mississinwas

The Treaty of Mississiniwas or the Treaty of Mississinewa is an 1826 treaty between the United States and the Miami tribe.

Terms

After negotiations with the Pottawatomie to build the Michigan Road through Indiana by James B. Ray and Lewis Cass on behalf of President John Quincy Adams, Cass negotiated a two more treaties to purchase lands in Indiana and Michigan, including the Treaty of Mississinewa. By the treaty, the Miami leadership agreed to cede to the United States the bulk of Miami reservation lands held in Indiana by previous treaties. In compensation, the families of Chief Richardville and certain other Miami notables were given estates in Indiana, with houses like the Richardville House and livestock furnished at government expense. The federal government agreed to buy out some of the estates granted by the previous Treaty of St. Mary's. Small reservations were to be carved out along the Eel and Maumee rivers.

The tribe was also to be compensated with $31,040.53, $10,000 of this in silver, the first year; and $26,259.47 in goods the next. Promises were made of a $15,000 annuity thereafter, in addition to monies provided for by other treaties. $2,000 per annum was to be set aside for the "…poor infirm persons of the Miami tribe, and for the education of the youth of the said tribe…" as long as the Congress should "…think proper…" Hunting rights would continue to be enjoyed "…so long as the same shall be the property of the United States."

Problems

One problem with the treaty was language making fulfillment of several US obligations conditional on the will of Congress. No such language limits native obligations pursuant to "the will of the tribal council," thus, the Miami party is at a distinct disadvantage. The United States, after a vote in Congress, can walk away from some of its obligations without breaking the treaty; the Indians cannot. Since most of the land in Indiana was soon parceled out to settlers, the Miami could not long enjoy the privilege of hunting on open land that was "…the property of the United States." This seriously curtailed the ability of most Miami to supplement their diet with meat from the hunt.

While the promises to the Miami elite seem for the most part to have been honored, the provisions for the maintenance of the lower orders were later modified to their detriment or ignored. The "commoners" of the Miami tribe, as they might be called, were left helpless in the face of the Indian Removal Act and were often at the mercy of agents from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, for whom the best interests of natives were not always a priority.[45]

1826:

Benjamin W. MC_KINNON

[2785]

ABT 1826 - ____

· BIRTH: ABT 1826

Father: Uriah MC_KINNON
Mother: Nancy Star INSKEEP

Family 1 : Anna WILCOX

1. +Adeline MC_KINNON

2. Henry MC_KINNON

3. +Olive MC_KINNON

4. +Frank MC_KINNON

5. Stella MC_KINNON

6. William MC_KINNON

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

_________________________

|

_Daniel MC_KINNON ___|

| (1767 - 1837) m 1798|

| |_________________________

|

_Uriah MC_KINNON ____|

| (1795 - ....) m 1821|

| | _William HARRISON _______+

| | | (1740 - 1782) m 1765

| |_Nancy HARRISON _____|

| (1772 - 1856) m 1798|

| |_Sarah (Sally) CRAWFORD _+

| (1748 - 1838) m 1765

|

|--Benjamin W. MC_KINNON

| (1826 - ....)

| _James INSKEEP __________

| |

| _Joshua INSKEEP _____|

| | (1770 - 1852) m 1793|

| | |_Hope COLLINS ___________

| |

|_Nancy Star INSKEEP _|

(1800 - 1832) m 1821|

| _John GARWOOD ___________

| |

|_Margaret GARWOOD ___|

(1776 - 1851) m 1793|

|_Ester HAINES ___________

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

INDEX

[2785] ! Compiled by Karen S. Garnett, Morgan Hill, Ca. 95037
! Correspondence from Ruth Inskeep, 209 E. Chillicothe, Bellefontaine,
Oh., 43311: From History of Hardin Co., by Warner, Beers, 1883
! Compiled by JoAnn Naugle, 4100 W St., NW #513, Washington, DC 20007:

HOME[46]

1826 – Whitepath was removed from the Cherokee National Council, but reinstated two years later when the schism collapses.[47]

1826-1835 (Francis Godlove) No tax record: probably exempted from personal property taxes because of his advanced age[48]

December 30, 1844: Among the early readers of Vestiges, Charles Darwin had conceived his own theory of natural selection to explain evolution six years earlier, and in July 1844 had written down his ideas in an '"Essay". For a year he had been tentatively discussing his evolutionary ideas in correspondence with Joseph Dalton Hooker, who wrote to Darwin on December 30, 1844 that he had "been delighted with Vestiges, from the multiplicity of facts he brings together, though I do [not] agree with his conclusions at all, he must be a funny fellow: somehow the books looks more like a 9 days wonder than a lasting work: it certainly is “filling at the price”.— I mean the price its reading costs, for it is dear enough otherwise; he has lots of errors."[33] Darwin had read the book in November, finding that it drew on some of the lines of evidence he had been putting together, and introduced questions that had to be dealt with.[34] He responded that he had been "somewhat less amused at it .... the writing & arrangement are certainly admirable, but his geology strikes me as bad, & his zoology far worse.[35] Darwin had learnt geology from Adam Sedgwick, and was particularly interested in what his former mentor had to say about evolution. In October 1845 he wrote to his friend Charles Lyell that Segwick's review was a "grand piece of argument against mutability of species" which he had read with "fear & trembling," but had been "well pleased to find" that he had anticipated Sedgwick's objections and "had not overlooked any of the arguments".[36]

December 30, 1851:

....... 4 Rebecca Godlove b: Abt. 1807 d: November 14, 1899 in Perry Co., OH

.......... +James Allen b: 1806 in VA m: October 23, 1827 in Perry Co., OH d: October 14, 1871 in Bearfield Township Perry Co., OH

.......... 5 Margaret Allen b: Abt. 1828 in OH

............. +Benedict House m: April 26, 1850 in Perry Co., OH

.......... 5 Jasper Allen b: March 30, 1830 in OH d: June 23, 1881

............. +Eliza Jane Jadwin m: December 30, 1851 in Hocking Co., OH

.......... 5 Rebecca J. Allen b: Abt. 1836

.......... 5 Priscilla Allen b: Abt. 1838

.......... 5 Jeremiah F. Allen b: 1840

.......... 5 John Wesley Allen b: April 30, 1842

.......... 5 James K. P. Allen b: Abt. 1844

.......... 5 George W. Allen b: Abt. 1848

.......... 5 Benedict R. Allen b: Abt. 1850[49]

Lucinda Caroline Smith12 [Gabriel D. Smith11 , Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. August 24, 1838 in Carroll Co. GA / d. bfr. 1900) married James M. Wright (b. abt. 1838 in GA / d. May 2, 1863 in Columbus, MS) on December 30, 1859 in Carroll Co. GA. She also married Tyrone Patterson (b. May 11, 1833 in Gwinnett Co. GA / d. October 27, 1917) on March 11, 1866 in Carroll Co. GA.

A. Children of Lucinda Smith and James Wright:
+ . i. John Thomas Wright (b. December 8, 1860 in GA / d. October 8, 1942)

B. Children of Lucinda Smith and Tyrone Patterson:
+ . i. James Marion Patterson (b. November 23, 1867 in GA / d. February 8, 1936)
+ . ii. Sarah Eller Patterson (b. February 24, 1869 in GA / d. July 5, 1953 in GA)
. iii. Martha Ella Patterson (b. abt. 1872 in GA / d. unk)
+ . iv. Robert Newton Patterson (b. March 6, 1874 in GA / d. June 6, 1943)
+ . v. Joseph Trion Patterson (b. March 17, 1876 in GA / d. September 16, 1949)[50]

December 30, 1898: MALINDA JANE "MILLE" CRAWFORD, b. July 05, 1830, Haywood County, North Carolina; d. December 30, 1898, Haywood County, North Carolina. [51]

December 30, 1862: Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, MS.[52]

December 30, 1862 to January 1, 1863: Battle of Murfreesborough, TN.[53]

December 1862

18th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment

Flag of Virginia, 1861

Active

December 1862 – April 1865

Country

Confederacy

Allegiance

Confederate States of America

Role

Cavalry

Engagements

American Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg-Valley Campaigns of 1864

Disbanded

April 1865

The 18th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought with the Army of Northern Virginia, in southwest Virginia, and in the Shenandoah Valley.

18th Cavalry Regiment was organized in December, 1862. Most of its members had served in the 1st Regiment Virginia Partisan Rangers (subsequently the 62nd Virginia Infantry Regiment).

The unit was assigned to Imboden's and W.L. Jackson's Brigade and after the participating in the Gettysburg Campaign, skirmished the Federals in western Virginia. Later it served in the Shenandoah Valley and disbanded during April, 1865.

The field officers were Colonel George W. Imboden, Lieutenant Colonel David E. Beall, and Major Alex. Monroe.[54]

Goodlove, William H. Age 27. Residence Cedar Rapids, nativity Ohio. Enlisted December 30, 1863. Mustered December 30, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1865, Savannah, Ga.[55]

Enlisted December 30, 1863 H Company 24th IA Infantry .

December 30th , 1864

The regiment was assigned to the post at Winchester, Va.[56]

Winans, Hiram W. Age 33. Residence Cedar Rapids, nativity Ohio, Enlisted December 30, 1863. Mustered December 30, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1865, Savanna, Ga.[57]

December 30, 1903: In the first phase of her literary career, Edith O. Harrison concentrated on children's literature; later she wrote travel books and autobiographical works. Her early book Prince Silverwings was adapted by family acquaintance L. Frank Baum (author of Wizard of Oz) for a dramatization that never made it to the stage.[4] (All Chicago theaters were closed after the Iroquois Theater fire on December 30, 1903 caused 570 fatalities.) In the process, influences from Harrison's book appear to have found their way into Baum's works.[5]

She did not abandon her theatrical ambitions: over a number of years Harrison and Baum tried to establish a children's theater in Chicago. They were still working on the project as late as 1915, but without success.[6]

Harrison's 1912 novel The Lady of the Snows was made into a film of the same title in 1915. [58]

How ironic that I would receive a 1902 1st edition copy of “Prince Silverwings” today via interlibrary loan from Northwestern University. It is clearly written by an author on the brink of great career and for L. Frank Baum to create an adaptation for the stage meant that great things were in the future for Edith O. Harrison. That theatrical career would be put on hold, for the greatest tragedy in the history of the United States was about to take place that night in Chicago, where Edith O. Harrison’s husband was best known as “The Mayor”. Not since his father, also the Mayor of Chicago was assassinated during the final hours of the Columbia Exposition had there been such heartbreak for the city of Chicago.

How ironic that we would go to the Oriental recently, completely unaware of the historical significance of the Oriental theater, unaware of my family connection to Edith O. Harrison, or her collaboration with L. Frank Baum, the creator of “The Wizard of Oz, or the adaptation of show we were about to see called “Wicked”.

One last thing I discovered was that the Wizard of Oz before it was a film was played on Broadway, and before it played on Broadway it played in, of course, Chicago.

Sherri and Jeff attend “Wicked” at the Oriental Theater, formally known at the Iroquois Theater before the tragic fire.

L. Frank Baum writes a play prospectus with Edith Ogden Harrison, wife of Chicago mayor Carter H. Harrison, based on her book Prince Silverwings (1902). Several Baum characters and plot lines are incorporated, and Tietjens writes the music. One song, “Down Among the Marshes; the Alligator Song,” is published by M. Witmark & Sons (1903). When a historic fire destroys the Iroquois Theater during a December 30 matinee, claiming more than 570 lives, all Chicago theaters are closed and the play is never produced.[59] At least 605 people died as a result of the fire but not all the deaths were reported, as some of the bodies were removed from the scene.[60]

On December 30, 1903, the Iroquois presented a matinee performance of the popular Drury Lane musical Mr. Bluebeard, which had been playing at the Iroquois since opening night. The play, a burlesque of the traditional Bluebeard folk tale, featured Dan McAvoy as Bluebeard and Eddie Foy[14] as Sister Anne, a role that allowed him to showcase his physical comedy skills. Attendance since opening night had been disappointing, people having been driven away by poor weather, labor unrest, and other factors. The December 30 performance drew a much larger sellout audience, with every seat being filled and hundreds of patrons in the "standing room" areas at the back of the theatre. Many of the estimated 2,000 patrons attending the matinee were children. The standing room areas were so crowded that some patrons instead sat in the aisles, blocking the exits.[61]

December 30, 1903: Iroquois Theatre fire

Iroquois Theatre fire

The Iroquois Theatre, shortly after the fire

Date

30 December 1903 (1903-12-30)

Time

about 3:15 P.M.

Location

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Cause

Ignition of muslin curtains due to broken arc light

Deaths

605

The Iroquois Theatre fire occurred on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It is the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire in United States history. At least 605 people died as a result of the fire but not all the deaths were reported, as some of the bodies were removed from the scene.

The theatre

The Iroquois Theatre was located at 24–28 West Randolph Street, on the North Side between State Street and Dearborn Street in Chicago. The syndicate that bankrolled its construction chose the location specifically to attract women on day trips from out of town who, it was thought, would be more comfortable attending a theatre located close to the safe, police-patrolled Loop shopping district.[1] The theatre opened in November 1903 after numerous delays due to labor unrest[2] and, according to one writer,[3] the unexplained inability of architect Benjamin Marshall to complete required drawings on time. Upon opening it was lauded by drama critics; Walter K. Hill wrote in the New York Clipper (a predecessor of Variety) that the Iroquois was "the most beautiful ... in Chicago, and competent judges state that few theaters in America can rival its architectural perfections ..."[4]

The Grand Stair Hall as it appeared before the fire. The stairway on the right saw the greatest number of fatalities.

The theatre had three audience levels. The main floor (known as the "orchestra" or "parquet") was on the same level as the Foyer or Grand Stair Hall. The second level (the "dress circle") and the third level (the "gallery") were accessed through broad stairways that led off the foyer. The backstage areas were unusually large, with dressing rooms on five levels, an uncommonly large fly gallery (where scenery was hung), and even an elevator available to transport actors down to the stage level.

Fire readiness deficiencies noted before the fire

Despite being billed as "Absolutely Fireproof" in advertisements and playbills,[5] numerous deficiencies in fire readiness were apparent:
•An editor of Fireproof Magazine had toured the building during construction and had noted "the absence of an intake, or stage draft shaft; the exposed reinforcement of the (proscenium) arch;[6] the presence of wood trim on everything and the inadequate provision of exits."[7]
•A Chicago Fire Department captain who made an unofficial tour of the theatre days before the official opening noted that there were no extinguishers, sprinklers, alarms, telephones, or water connections; the only firefighting equipment available were six canisters of a dry chemical called "Kilfyre", which was normally used to douse chimney fires in residential houses.[8] "Kilfyre" is made out of bicarbonate-of-soda and powder. [9] The captain pointed out the deficiencies to the theatre's fire warden but was told that nothing could be done, as the fire warden would simply be dismissed if he brought the matter up with the syndicate of owners. When the captain reported the matter to his commanding officer, he was again told that nothing could be done, as the theatre already had a fire warden.[10]

Structural deficiencies in the theater[edit]

There were also structural deficiencies reported, including:
•Large iron gates blocked off the stairways during performances to prevent patrons from moving down from the gallery to the dress circle or orchestra.
•Many of the exit routes were confusing.[11]
•Skylights on the roof of the stage, which were intended to open automatically during a fire to vent the heat and smoke, were fastened closed.[12]
•The asbestos curtain was not tested periodically, and it got stuck when the theater personnel tried to lower it. [13]

The fire

A horse-drawn ambulance is filled with the bodies of victims.

On December 30, 1903, the Iroquois presented a matinee performance of the popular Drury Lane musical Mr. Bluebeard, which had been playing at the Iroquois since opening night. The play, a burlesque of the traditional Bluebeard folk tale, featured Dan McAvoy as Bluebeard and Eddie Foy[14] as Sister Anne, a role that allowed him to showcase his physical comedy skills. Attendance since opening night had been disappointing, people having been driven away by poor weather, labor unrest, and other factors. The December 30 performance drew a much larger sellout audience, with every seat being filled and hundreds of patrons in the "standing room" areas at the back of the theatre. Many of the estimated 2,000 patrons attending the matinee were children. The standing room areas were so crowded that some patrons instead sat in the aisles, blocking the exits.

At about 3:15 P.M., the beginning of the second act, a dance number was in progress when an arc light shorted out and sparks ignited a muslin curtain. A stagehand attempted to douse the fire with the Kilfyre canisters provided but it quickly spread to the fly gallery high above the stage where several thousand square feet of highly flammable painted canvas scenery flats were hung. The stage manager attempted to lower the fire curtain, but it snagged. Although early reports state that it was stopped by the trolley-wire that carried one of the acrobats over the stage,[14][15] later investigation showed that the curtain had been blocked by a light reflector which stuck out under the proscenium arch.[16] A chemist who later tested part of the curtain stated that it was mainly wood pulp mixed with asbestos, and would have been "of no value in a fire."[17]

Foy, who was preparing to go on stage at the time, ran out and attempted to calm the crowd, first making sure his young son was in the care of a stagehand. He later wrote, "It struck me as I looked out over the crowd during the first act that I had never before seen so many women and children in the audience. Even the gallery was full of mothers and children."[14] Foy's role in this disaster was recreated by Bob Hope in the film The Seven Little Foys. Foy was widely seen as a hero after the fire for his courage in remaining on stage and pleading with patrons not to panic even as large chunks of burning scenery landed around him.[18]

By this time, many of the patrons on all levels were quickly attempting to flee the theatre. Some had located the fire exits hidden behind draperies on the north side of the building, but found that they could not open the unfamiliar bascule lock. One door was opened by a man who happened to have a bascule lock in his home and two were opened either by brute force or by a blast of air, but most of the other doors could not be opened. Some patrons panicked, crushing or trampling others in a desperate attempt to escape the fire.[19] Many were killed while trapped in dead ends or while attempting to open windows that were designed to look like doors.

The dancers on stage were also forced to flee, along with the performers backstage and in the numerous dressing rooms.[20] When the performers and stagehands went out the back exit, the icy wind rushed in and made the fire substantially bigger. [21] Many escaped the theatre through the coal hatch and through windows in the dressing rooms, while others attempted to escape via the west stage door, which opened inwards and became jammed as actors pressed toward the door frantically trying to get out. By chance a passing railroad agent saw the crowd pressing against the door and undid the hinges from the outside using tools he normally carried with him, allowing the actors and stagehands to escape.[22] Someone else opened the huge double freight doors in the north wall, normally used for scenery, allowing "a cyclonic blast" of cold air to rush into the building and create an enormous fireball.[23] As the vents above the stage were nailed or wired shut, the fireball instead traveled outwards, ducking under the stuck asbestos curtain and streaking toward the vents behind the dress circle and gallery 50 feet (15 m) away. The hot gases and flames passed over the heads of those in the orchestra seats and incinerated everything flammable in the gallery and dress circle levels, including patrons still trapped in those areas.

Those in the orchestra section were able to exit into the foyer and out the front door, but those in the dress circle and gallery who escaped the fireball were unable to reach the foyer because the iron grates that barred the stairways were still in place. The largest death toll was at the base of these stairways, where hundreds of people were trampled, crushed, or asphyxiated.

Patrons who were able to escape via the emergency exits on the north side found themselves on the unfinished fire escapes. Many jumped or fell from the icy, narrow fire escapes to their deaths; the bodies of the first jumpers broke the falls of those who followed them.

Students from the Northwestern University building located north of the theatre tried bridging the gap with a ladder and then with some boards between the rooftops, saving those few able to manage the makeshift cross over.

Aftermath

Corpses were piled ten bodies high around the doors and windows. Many patrons had clambered over piles of bodies only to succumb themselves to the flames, smoke, and gases. It is estimated that 575 people were killed on the day of the fire itself; well over 30 more died of injuries suffered over the following weeks. Many of the Chicago victims were buried in Montrose, Forest Home, and Graceland cemeteries.[24][25]

Of the 300 or so actors, dancers, and stagehands, only five people - the aerialist (Nellie Reed), an actor in a bit part, an usher, and two female attendants died. The aerialist's role was to fly out as a fairy over the audience on a trolley wire, showering them with pink carnations. She was trapped above the stage while waiting for her entrance; during the fire she fell, was gravely injured, and died of burns and internal injuries three days later.[26]

In New York City on New Year's Eve some theaters eliminated standing room. Building and fire codes were subsequently reformed; theaters were closed for retrofitting all around the country and in some cities in Europe. All theater exits had to be clearly marked and the doors configured so that, even if they could not be pulled open from the outside, they could be pushed open from the inside.[27]

After the fire, it was alleged that fire inspectors had been bribed with free tickets to overlook code violations.[28] The mayor ordered all theaters in Chicago closed for six weeks after the fire.[29]

As a result of public outrage many were charged with crimes, including Mayor Carter Harrison, Jr.. Most charges were dismissed three years later, however, because of the delaying tactics of the owners' lawyers and their use of loopholes and inadequacies in the city's building and safety ordinances. The only person convicted was a tavern keeper charged with grave robbing.

The exterior of the Iroquois was largely intact. The building later reopened as the Colonial Theater, which was torn down in 1926 to make way for the Oriental Theater.[30]

Memorial

A bronze bas-relief memorial by sculptor Lorado Taft without any identifying markings was placed inside the LaSalle Street entrance to City Hall.[31] On December 31, 1911, The Chicago Tribune described the marker as depicting "the Motherhood of the World protecting the children of the universe, the body of a child borne on a litter by herculean male figures, with a bereaved mother bending over it". The memorial was located in the Iroquois Hospital on Wacker until the building was demolished in 1951. It was placed in storage in City Hall until it was installed in its current location in 1960. On November 5, 2010, the memorial was rededicated and a descriptive plaque was donated by the Union League Club of Chicago. The dedication was attended by members of the Chicago City Council, the Union League Club and Taft's granddaughter.[32]

Chicago held an annual memorial service at City Hall, until the last survivors died.[31]

Developments

The Iroquois fire prompted widespread implementation of the panic bar, first invented in the United Kingdom following the Victoria Hall disaster. Panic exit devices are now required by building codes for high-occupancy spaces, and were mass manufactured in the US following the fire by the Von Duprin company (now part of Ingersoll Rand).[33]

A second result of the fire was the requirement that a fireproof asbestos curtain (or sheet metal screen) be raised before each performance and lowered afterward to separate the audience from the stage. (Not common practice and not code in many jurisdictions—not for every performance.)[clarification needed]

The third result was that all doors in public buildings must open in the direction of egress, but that practice did not become national until the Collinwood School Fire of 1908.[34][62]

1938

December 30, 1938

Age 41

Birth of Fritz L. Marugg Jr.

[63]

On December 30, 1941, Admiral Ernest J. King was appointed Commander In Chief, US Fleet; Admiral Chester Nimitz became Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet, the next day. King immediately directed Nimitz to protect US shipping between the United States and Australia, as far south as Samoa. To that end, 5000 Marines had been embarked on transports at San Diego, to be escorted to Samoa by Enterprise's sistership Yorktown CV-5, recently arrived from the Atlantic. [64]

John Louis Nix (b. January 27, 1884 / d. December 30, 1952 in AL)[65]

December 30, 1979: In Iran, Dr. Shapour Bakhtiar, the prime minister designate, said in an interview with French television the Shah would leave Iran “on holiday” a month after the new government took office and would nominate a council to exercise power in his absence. He would not abdicate nor give up the command of the armed forces, but he would probably be absent for “at least eighteen months.” [66]

1979: The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan.[67]

1979: Nassar had died and was succeeded by another military man, Anwar Sadat. IN 1979 Sadat shocked the Arab world by signing the Camp David agreement with President Jimmy Carter and Menochim Begin. It was a historic peace deal. Sadat has signed his own death warrant.[68]

[69]

December 30, 2010 At Olive Garden, West Dundee.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] . http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[2] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 125.

[3] High Priests and Politics in Roman Palestine by E. Mary Smallwood, 1962, page 23, 31.

[4] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 14, 32.

[5] Wikipedia

[6] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1317

[7] mike@abcomputers.com

[8] mike@abcomputers.com

[9] HISTI, Little Ice Age: Big Chill, 11-20-05

[10] mike@abcomputers.com

[11] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/Harrison/d0055/g0000087.html#I1018

[12] Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 319

[13] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett Page 452.20.

[14] http://www.polsci.wvu.edu/wv/Hardy/harhistory.html

[15] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/d/e/r/Irene-Deroche/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0585.html

[16]http://www.wvgenweb.org/ohio/rw-tombstones.htm

[17] http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-in/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=helens&id=I3109

[18] From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969. p. 120.

[19] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003

[20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Willows_(Moorefield,_West_Virginia)

[21] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[22] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[23]Timetable of Cherokee Removal.

[24] RC (DNA: PCC, item 137). Written by Morris and signed by Morris, Clymer, and 1 For Washington's letters to Morris of December 29 and 30 mentioned here, see Washington, Writings (Fitzpatrick), 6:451, 457.

Letters of Delegates to Congress: Volume 5 August 16, 1776 - December 31, 1776 Executive Committee to John Hancock

[25] Ancestry.com. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution, 17 Vols. [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 1998. Original data: Secretary of the Commonwealth. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Revolution. Vol. I-XVII. Boston, MA, USA: Wright and Potter Printing Co., 1896.

[26] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania by Franklin Ellis, 1882.

[27] (Pennsylvania Archives, 3rd Series, v. 22, P. 384) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html

[28] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[29] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[30] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[31] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[32] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[33] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, by Franklin Ellis, 1882

[34] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[35] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html

[36] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.

[37] http://www.nps.gov/abli/planyourvisit/sinkingspringfarm.htm

[38] Big Freeze, NTGEO, 3/29/2006

[39] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom

[40] Anishinabeg. "The Three Fires Confederacy." Collective name given to the Ottawa, Ojibway, and Potawatomi. They spoke an almost indistinguishable Algonquian tongue. The Anishinabeg intermarried and traded as a confederacy—although no common governing body kept them together like the Iroquois. As did the Lenape, the Anishinabeg referred to themselves as the "original people." They were pro-French during the French & Indian War and then pro-British during our Revolution.

[41] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis

1. [42] ^ Oklahoma State University Library (Kappler Project: Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties) - Treaty With The Osage, 1825 (Article I) The Great and Little Osage Tribes or Nations do, hereby cede and relinquish to the United States, all their right, title interest and claim, to lands lying within the State of Missouri and Territory of Arkansas, and to all lands lying West of the said State of Missouri and Territory of Arkansas, North and West of the Red River, South of the Kansas River, and East of a line to be drawn from the head sources of the Kansas, Southwardly through the Rock Saline, with such reservations, for such considerations, and upon such terms as are hereinafter specified, expressed, and provided for.

[43] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis

[44] http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=312

[45]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Mississinwas

[46] http://jonathanpaul.org/silvey/graham/d0000/g0000144.html#I3758

[47] Timetable of Cherokee Removal

[48] The Hampshire County Court Minutes for that period that could document this do not exist. JF

[49] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/u/d/Penny-J-Gudgeon/ODT6-0001.html

[50] Proposed Descendants of William smythe.

[51] Crawford Coat of Arms

[52] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012

[53] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012

[54] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Virginia_Cavalry

[55] http: //iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logan/mil508.htm

[56] http://www.usgennet. org/usa/ia/county/linn/civil war/24th/24 history p2.htm

[57] http://iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logan/mil508.htm

[58] Wikipedia

[59] http://ozclub.org/oz-timeline/1900-1910-the-baum-oz-years/

[60] Wikipedia

[61] Wikipedia

[62] Wikipedia

[63] http://www.geni.com/people/Fritz-Lemm-Marugg-Sr/6000000008177815240

[64] http://www.cv6.org/1942/marshalls/marshalls_2.htm

[65] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.

[66] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 504

[67] Islam: History, Society and Civilization, 02/20/2004

[68] International Profile, Ayman al-Zawahiri, 12/11/2007, HISTI

[69] Photo by the Olive Garden Receptionist.

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