This Day in Goodlove History, September 21, 2014

11,771 names…11,771 stories…11,771 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, September 21, 2014

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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.

The Goodlove Family History Website:

http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html

The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

• • Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.

Birthdays on September 21….

Frederick III (father in law of the wife of the husband of the sister in law of the 3rd cousin 15x removed)

Sarah Gatewood (half 3rd cousin 4x removed)

Christina L. Goodlove Condell (2nd cousin)

Letty Hitchell 3rd great grandniece of the wife of the 3rd great granduncle)

Maximilian I (husband of the wife of the husband of the sister in law of the 3rd cousin 15x removed)

Mary C. McKinnon Curl (2nd cousin 3x removed)

Angela M. Nixon (5th cousin 1x removed)

Philippe I (husband of the 8th cousin 10x removed)

Martha Ross (half 3rd cousin 4x removed)

Margaret M.". Smith Taylor (5th cousin 6x removed)

Lucas M. Winch (1st cousin 1x removed)

Richard of York (4th cousin 18x removed)

September 21, 1558: – Emperor Charles V dies. [1]

September 21, 1569: Mary is removed from Wingfield to Tutbury, and the Earl of Huntingdon is associated with the Earl of Shrewsbury in the charge of her person. [2]



September 21, 1586: Antoine Perrenot, Cardinal of Granvelle, minister of Charles V and Philip II, son of Nicolas Perrenot, chancellor to the former

monarch; born at Ornans, in Burgundy, August 20, 1517; died

at Madrid, September 21, 1586. [3]



September 21, 1761



Deed of Lease John Augustine Washington to Valentine Crawford[4]

Deed Book 6, page 478, Dated Sept. 1761.

Office of the County Clerk, Frederick County, Virginia. at Winchester.

This indenture made the 21st day of Sept. in the year of our Lord 1761 between John Augustine Washington of Westmoreland County Lfl Virgtnia, Esquire, of the one part and Valentine Crawford of Frederick County and Colony of Virginia of the other part witness— eth that & for and in consideration of the yearly rents and coven­ants hereinafter mentioned to be paid and performed by the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs hath demissed leased and to farm letten and by these presents doth demise lease and to farm let unto the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs for and during the term of 10 years provided the said John Augustine Washington should live so long but ~n case the said John Augustine Washington should die before the expiration of the 10 years then in that case the lease to be at an end at the said John Augustine Washington’s death a certain tract of land containing 311 acres called Pitt’s Old Survey lying and being in the said county of Frederick in the Colony of Virginia aforesaid which said land was devised to the said John Augusitne Washington infeetail by the last will and testament of Major Lawrence Washington who purchased it by deed from Andrew Pitts as by the said will and deeds relation being thereunto had any more fully and at large appear the said 311 acres bounded as follows: (vis) Begining at a white oak at on the south side of the meadow about 28 poles below the waggort road and running thence north ten degrees east 164 perches to 2 Spanish Oaks and 1 white oak thence south 80 degrees east 80 perches to a .hite oak thence south 35 degrees east 160 perches and to 2 hick— orys thence south 43 degrees west 139 perches to a ite oak ence north 70 degrees west 20 perches to white oak and hickory thence south 32 degrees west 154 perches to 2 red oaks and a locust thence north 64 degrees west 108 perches to a red oak thence 29 degrees east 195 perches to the first boundary with all the Appurtenances theréunto belonging (except so much of the meadow ground as lies between a tract of land known by the name of McKeys and where the meadow fence now stands on the said Pitts Old Sur­vey) to have and to hold the said land and all other the premises with their & every of their appurtenances (except as herefore excepted) hereby let and demise unto the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs for and during the term aforesaid and no longer He the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs yielding and pay­ing yearly and every (during the term aforesaid) on or before the 18th day of October in each year for the first ren: in consider­ation of his building a dwelling house 15 pounds Virginia currency and for every year after 25 pounds of the like currency at the now dwelling house of the said John Augustine Washington in Westmoreland County and the said Valentine Crawford for himself and his heirs doth hereby promise covenant and agree to and with the said John Augustine Washington and his assigns that he the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs shall well and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the said John Augustine Washington or his assigns the yearly rent hereby reserved annually at the time and place before limited and the said Valentine Crawford for himself and his heirs doth covenant and agree that in case the said annual rent or any part thereof shall be behind or unpaid by the space of two callender months (that is to say the 18th day of Dec.) after the same shall become due that then it shall & may be lawful for the said John Augustine Washington or his assigns enter into the above granted premises to render and hold the same as if this lease had never been made and the said Valentine Crawford for himself and his covenanteth and granteth to & with the said John Augustine Washington and his assigns that he the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs at his or their own proper cost and charge all & singular the said demised premises with all manner of necessary repara­tions well and sufficiently shall repair support sustain and amend from time to time as often as need be during the said term or within the time after warning in that behalf to be given as is hereafter limited and at the end of the term aforesaid will so yield up and leave the same to the said John Augustine Washington and his assigns and it shall and may be lawfull for the said John Augustine Washington or his assigns during the continuation of the said lease at any time or times to enter into all or any part of the demised premises and of every or any part thereof there to view the estate of the reparation of the same and of all decays and the lack of needful reparatLon upon any such view or views found to give monition and warning to said Valentine or his heirs to repair or amend the same within one year then next ensuing and that the said Valentine Crawford or his heirs shall not work any the arable lands more than 4 years together but every 4th year they shall be fallowed and rested in husbandlike manner and further the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs shall keep all meadow land on the demised premises under a good and sufficient fence to defend at all time for incroachments of hogs and from everything unless at the proper time of feeding the same for cattle sheep or horses to be turned in and that the said Valentine Crawford or his heirs shall not nor will make or cause to be made during term hereby granted any way passage through or over the said land hereby demised or any part thereof by any person or persons whatsoever with horses coaches carts or carriages without the consent of the said John Augustine Washington or his assigns in writing for that purpose under his or their hands first had and obtained and also that the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs shall be allowed to keep under tennants not exceeding 2 to be under all restrictton,s that he is under in this indented lease and it is agreed by and between the parties to these presents this 18th day of Oct. which shall be in the year of our Lord 1762 the first rent shall be paid. In witness whereof the parties have hereunto interchangeably set their hands and seals the day and year first above written...

In the presence of us: John Augustine Washington

John Maccarmick Senior

William Simms Valentine Crawford

John MacCarmick Junior



At a court held for Frederick County on the March 3, 1762 This indenture was proved by the oathes of John McCarmick and John McCarmtck Junr. and ordered to be recorded.

Teste: Archd. Wager C.C.[5]


September 21, 1775: At a Court Con'd and held for Augusta County, September 21st, 1775 :

Pres't Geo Croghan, Jno Gibson, John Cannon, John Mc-

Culloch.

Admon Of the Estate of John Campbell, dec'd, is granted
his father James Campbell, he hav'g Comp with the Law.
Ord that Matthew Ritchey, Rich'd Boyer, Nath'l Tomlinson,
and Sam'l Clem, or any 3, app the Est.

Admon of the Estate of Jonathan Johns, dec'd, is g'd to
Dav'd Johns, he hav'g Comp'd with the Law. Ord that Philip
Rodgers, Robt Ritchey, Jonathan Reese, and Zedeck Springer,
or any 3, app the Est.

A Deed of Barg & Sale from James Brenton to Michael
Cresap Senior was prov'd by John Jeremiah Jacobs one of the
Wits & O R.

A Deed of Barg & Sale from Robt Denbowto Mich'l Cresap
was prov'd by Geo. Brent one of the Wits & O R.

A Deed of Barg & Sale from John Corey to Mich'l Cresap,

Senr. , was prov'd by Jno. Jeremiah Jacob, the Wits, and O R.

Payton On the Complt of Wm. Freeman ag'st his Master, John

Rootes Collins, for beating and abuseing him, and on hearing Several

Sims & Wits & the Parties, the Court are of Opinion that he is Guilty

Jones of the above abuse, and that he be Committed to the Goal of

this County, and there to remain until he Enter into Recog in

the Sum of jQzo, with 2 Secys in the Sum of _^io Each, for

his good behaviour towards his Servt for the Space of One

Year, and that he pay Costs.

John Collins prod an Acc't ag'st his Serv't, Wm. Freeman,
who run away for 86 days absent time ; It is Ord that he serve
him for the same Acer, to Law, and the Expence for takeing
him up is Continued til the next Court

Elliott vs Girty ) „. „. „ , ,

Smith vs Girty j Slm ° nGlrt y S P bd -

John Collins prod an Acc't ag'st his Serv't, Moses Abraham,
when run away for 86 days absent time ; It is Ord that he
serve for the same Acer, to Law, and the Expence for takeing
him up is Continued til the next Court.

Ord that the Court be Adjorned until to Morrow Morning
10 o'Clock Geo : Croghan. [6]


September 21, 1767

To Crawford, at this place, the next year, Washington directed his letter of the twenty-first of September, (1767)—the beginning of the correspondence set forth in the following pages. There had already been an intimacy between him and Crawford of not less than twenty years’ standing ; so that in writing to the latter in his new home beyond the Alleghanies, Washington was but corresponding with an old and tried friend. It will be seen that this correspondence was continued until near the time of the tragic scene which closed in horror the eventful life of Crawford.[7]

Washington chose to forge ahead, as evinced by a September 1767 letter to William Crawford, a Pennsylvania surveyor:

. . . I can never look upon the Proclamation in any other light (but this I say between ourselves) than as a temporary expedient to quiet the minds of the Indians. It must fall, of course, in a few years, especially when those Indians consent to our occupying those lands. Any person who neglects hunting out good lands, and in some measure marking and distinguishing them for his own, in order to keep others from settling them will never regain it. If you will be at the trouble of seeking out the lands, I will take upon me the part of securing them, as soon as there is a possibility of doing it and will, moreover, be at all the cost and charges surveying and patenting the same . . . . By this time it be easy for you to discover that my plan is to secure a good deal of land. You will consequently come in for a handsome quantity.12

Washington was clearly willing to take considerable risks in seeking out choice land for himself. In the same letter, however, he warned Crawford "to keep the whole matter a secret, rather than give the alarm to others or allow himself to be censured for the opinion I have given in respect to the King's Proclamation." He concluded by offering Crawford an alibi should his behavior be called into question. "All of this can be carried on by silent management and can be carried out by you under the guise of hunting game, which you may, I presume, effectually do, at the same time you are in pursuit of land. When this is fully discovered advise me of it, and if there appears a possibility of succeeding, I will have the land surveyed to keep others off and leave the rest to time and my own assiduity." In fact, the letter marked the beginning of a very profitable fifteen-year partnership. Less than two weeks after he had received it, Crawford informed Washington about several tracts in the vicinity of Fort Pitt, and the two men continued to collaborate until Crawford's death in 1782.

Daniel McKinnon’s birth year of 1767 is the same year that General Washington acquired a claim to a tract of land consisting of two hundred and thirty four acres called “Mt. Washington” situated on Big Meadow Run, including Fort Necessity. It was confirmed to him by Pennsylvania, and surveyed on Warrant #3383 for “Lawrence Harrison”, in Right of William Brooks, and was patented to George Washington” according to the Fayette County History. There appeared to have been a business deal. I found a reference to this in Washington’s papers and diary which I will cover in a later chapter.[8]



We do know that Daniel McKinnon (Sr.) was also born in Fayette County, PA, formerly “Old Virginia” in 1767.[9]





No. 1.—WASHINGTON TO CRAWFORD.[10]*[11]



MOUNT VERNON, September 21, 1767.



DEAR SIR :—From a sudden hint of your brother’s,[12] I wrote to you a few days ago in a hurry. Having since had more time for reflection, I now write deliberately, and with greater precision, on the subject of my last letter.

I then desired the favor of you (as I understood rights might now be had for the lands which have fallen wthin the Pennsylvania line,)[13] to look me out a tract of about fifteen hundred, two thousand, or more acres somewhere in your neighborhood, meaning only by this, that it may be as contiguous to your own settlement’ as such a body of good land can be found. It will, be easy for you to con­ceive that ordinary or even middling lands would never answer, my purpose or expectation, so far from navigation, and under such a load of expenses as these lands are in­cunibered with. No; a tract to please me must be rich (of which no person can be a better judge than yourself), and, if possible, level. Could such a piece of land be found, you would do me a singular favor in failing upon some method of securing it immediately from the attempts of others, as nothing is more certain than that the lands can not remain long ungranted, when once it is known that rights are to be had. The mode of proceeding I am at a loss to point out to you; but, as your own lands are under the same circumstances, self-interest will naturally lead you to an inquiry. I am told that the land or surveyor’s office is kept at Carlisle. If so, I am of opinion that Colonel Armstrong,[14] an acquaintance of mine, has something to do in the direction of it, and I am persuaded hee would readily serve me. I will write to him by the first opportunity on that subject, that the way may be prepared for your application to him, if you find it necessary. For your trouble and expense you may depend on being repaid. It is possible, but I do not know ‘that it really is the case, that the custom in Pennsylvania will not admit so large a quantity of land as I require to be entered together; if so, this may perhaps be arranged by making several entries to the same amount, if the expense of’. doing it is not too heavy. This I only drop as a hint, leaving the whole to your discretion and good management. ~If the land can only be secured from others, it is all I want at present. The surveying I would choose to postpone, at least till the spring, when, if you can give me any satisfactory account of this matter, and of what I am next going to propose, I expect to pay you a visit about the last of April.

I offered in my last to join you in attempting to secure some of the most valuable lands in the King’s part, which I think may he accomplished after awhile,, notwithstanding the proclamation[15] that restrains it at present, and prohibits the settling of them at all; for I can never look upon that proclamation in any other light (but this I say between ourselves) than as a temporary expedient to quiet the minds of the Indians. It must fall, of course, in a few years, especially when those Indians consent to our occupying the lands.(85) Any person, therefore, who neglects the present opportunity of hunting out good lands, and in some measure (?) and distinguishing them for his own, in order to keep others from settling them, will never regain it. If you will be at the trouble of seeking out the lands, I will take upon me the part of securing them, as soon as there is a possibility of doing it, and will, moreover, be at all the cost and charges of surveying and patenting the same. You shall then have such a reasonable proportion of the whole as we may fix upon at our first meeting; as I shall find it necessary, for the better furthering of the design, to let some of my friends be concerned in the scheme, who must also partake of the advantages.

By this time it may be easy for you to discover that my goal is to secure a good deal of land. You will consequently come in for a very handsome quantity; and as you will obtain it without any costs or expenses, I hope you will be encouraged to begin the search in time. I would choose, if it were practicable, to get large tracts together; and it might be desirable to have them as near your settlement or Fort Pitt[16] as they can be obtained of good quality, but not to neglect others at a greater distance, if fine bodies of it lie in one place. It may be worthy of your in­quiry to find out how the Maryland back line will run,[17] and what is said about laying off Neale’s grant.[18] I will in­quire particularly concerning the Ohio Company[19],’ that we may know what to apprehend from them. . For my own part, I should have no objection to a grant of land upon the Ohio, a good way below Pittsburgh, but would first willingly secure some valuable tracts nearer at hand.

I recommend, that you keep this whole matter a secret, or trust it only to those in whom you can confide, and who can assist you in bringing it to bear by their discoveries of land. This advice proceeds from several very good reasons, and, in’ the first place, because I might be censured for the opinion I have given in respect to the King’s proclamation[20], and then, if the scheme I am now proposing to you were known, it might give the alarm to others, and, by putting them upon a plan of the same nature, before we could lay a proper foundation for success ourselves, set the different interests clashing, and, probably, in the end, overturn the whole. All this may be avoided by a silent management, and the operation carried on by you under the guise of’ hunting game, which you may, I presume, effectually do, at the same time you are in pursuit of land. When this is fully discovered, advise me of it, and if there appears but a possibility of succeeding at any time hence, I will have the lands immediately surveyed, to keep others off, and leave the rest to time and my own assiduity.

If this letter should reach sour hands before you set out, I should be glad to have your thoughts fully expressed on the plan here proposed, or as soon afterwards as conve­nient; for I am desirous of knowing in due time how you approve of the scheme. I am, etc.[21]

George Washington to William Crawford, September 21, 1767[22], Account Book 2 [23]

Mount Vernon, September 21, 1767.

Dear Sir: From a sudden hint of your Brother [24](1) I wrote to you a few days ago in a hurry, since which having had more time for reflection, I am now set down in order to write more deliberately, and with greater precision, to you on the Subject of my last Letter; desiring that if any thing in this shoud be found contradictory to that Letter you will wholely be governd by what I am now going to add.

I then desird the favour of you (as I understood Rights might now be had for the Lands, which have fallen within the Pensylvania Line) [25](2) to look me out a Tract of about 1500, 2000, or more Acres somewhere in your Neighbourhood meaning only by this that it may be as contiguous to your own Settlemt.[26](3) as such a body of good Land coud be found and about Jacobs Cabbins or somewhere on those Waters I am told this might be done. It will be easy for you to conceive that Ordinary, or even middling Land woud never answer my purpose or expectation so far from Navigation and under such a load of Expence as those Lands are incumbred with; No: A Tract to please me must be rich (of which no Person can be a better judge than yourself) and if possible to be good and level; Coud such a piece of Land as this be found you woud do me a singular favour in falling upon some method to secure it immediately from the attempts of any other as nothing is more certain than that the Lands cannot remain long ungranted when once it is known that Rights are to be had for them. What mode of proceeding is necessary in order to accomplish this design I am utterly at a loss to point out to you but as as your own Lands are under the same Circumstances self Interest will naturally lead you to an enquiry. I am told the Land, or Surveyors Office is kept at Carlyle, if so I am of Opinion that Colo. Armstrong (an Acquaintance of mine) has something to do in the management of it, and I am perswaded woud readily serve me to him therefore at all events I will write by the first oppertunity on that Subject that the way may be prepard for your application if you shoud find it necessary to make one to him. Whatever trouble or expence you may be engagd in on my behalf you may depend upon being thankfully repaid. It is possible (but I do not know that it really is the case) that Pensylvania Customs will not admit so large a quantity of Land as I require, to be entered together if so this may possibly be evaded by making several Entries to the same amount if the expence of doing which is not too heavy; but this I only drop as a hint leaving the whole to your discretion and good management. If the Land can only be secured from others it is all I want at present, the Surveying I would choose to postpone, at least till the Spring when if you can give me any Satisfactory account of this matter and of what I am next going to propose I expect to pay you a visit about the last of April.

The other matter, just now hinted at and which I proposed in my last to join you in attempting to secure some of the most valuable Lands in the King's part which I think may be accomplished after a while notwithstanding the Proclamation that restrains it at present and prohibits the Settling of them at all for I can never look upon that Proclamation in any other light (but this I say between ourselves) than as a temporary expedient to quiet the Minds of the Indians and must fall of course in a few years especially when those Indians are consenting to our Occupying the Lands.[27]85 Any person therefore who neglects the present oppertunity of hunting out good Lands and in some measure marking and distinguishing them for their own (in order to keep others from settling them) will never regain it, if therefore you will be at the trouble of seeking out the Lands I will take upon me the part of securing them so soon as there is a possibility of doing it and will moreover be at all the Cost and charges of Surveying and Patenting &c. after which you shall have such a reasonable proportion of the whole as we may fix upon at our first meeting as I shall find it absolutely

necessary and convenient for the better furthering of the design to let some few of my friends be concernd in the Scheme and who must also partake of the advantages.

By this time it may be easy for you to discover, that my Plan is to secure a good deal of Land, You will consequently come in for a very handsome quantity and as you will obtain it without any Costs or expences I am in hopes you will be encouragd to begin the search in time. I woud choose if it were practicable to get pretty large Tracts together, and it might be desirable to have them as near your Settlement, or Fort Pitt, as we coud get them good; but not to neglect others at a greater distance if fine and bodies of it lye in a place. It may be a Matter worthy your enquiry to find out how the Maryland back line will run, and what is said about laying of Neale's (I think it is and Companys) Grant.[28]86 I will enquire particularly concerning the Ohio Companys that one may know what to apprehend from them. For my own part I shoud have no objection to a Grant of Land upon the Ohio a good way below Pittsburg but woud willingly secure some good Tracts nearer hand first.

I woud recommend it to you to keep this whole matter a profound Secret, or trust it only with those in whom you can confide and who can assist you in bringing it to bear by their discoveries of Land and this advice proceeds from several very good Reasons and in the first place because I might be censurd for the opinion I have given in respect to the King's Proclamation and then if the Scheme I am now proposing to you was known it might give the alarm to others and by putting them upon a Plan of the same nature (before we coud lay a proper foundation for success ourselves) set the different Interests a clashing and probably in the end overturn the whole all which may be avoided by a Silent management and the [operation] snugly carried on by you under the pretence of hunting other Game which you may I presume effectually do at the same time you are in pursuit of Land which when fully discovered advise me of it and if there appears but a bear possibility of succeeding any time hence I will have the Lands immediately Surveyed to keep others off and leave the rest to time and my own Assiduity to Accomplish.

If this Letter shoud reach your hands before you set out I shoud be glad to have your thoughts fully expressd on the Plan I have proposd, or as soon afterwards as conveniently may be as I am desirous of knowing in time how you approve of the Scheme[29]. I am, [30]&c.[31]87 (1a)[32]



*To COLONEL JOHN ARMSTRONG[33]



Mount Vernon, September 21, 1767.

Dear Sir: Since I had the pleasure of seeing you at the Warm springs I have been informd that much of the Land upon Yaughyaughgany and Monongahela which was formerly conceivd to lye within the limits of Virginia and on which many of Our People have settled are taken into Pensylvania by the establishd Line now running between that Provence and Maryland and that Grants may at any time be obtaind from the Proprtary for Tracts on these Waters and being [informed], mo over, that the Office from whence these Rights are to Iss is kept at Carlyle it immediately occurrd from what you w telling me of the nature of your Office that I coud apply none so properly as yourself for the truth of these reports appearing but probable that you were the very person wi whom Entries were made.

I have therefore taken the liberty Sir of addressing ti Letter to you on the Subject of these enquiries, and to requ the further favour of you to advise me of the mode of pi ceeding in order to take up ungranted Land in your Proven What quantity of Acres will be admitted into a Surve whether a Person is restricted in respect to the quantity of La~ and number of Surveys. If the Surveys are requird to be 12 in any particular form or optional in the taker up to lay the as the nature and goodness of the Land and Water courses m point out to him. What the Expence of Patenting these Lan amount to per Thousand Acres. And what the annual Rei are fixed at afterwards. Together with any other useful hI which may occur to you for my Information and Governme as I woud most willingly possess some of those Lands whi we have labord and Toild so hard to conquer.

I have desired one Mr. William Crawford who lives up Yaughyaughgany, a friend of mine, and I believe an Acquaii ance of yours as he was an Officer in my Regiment and General Forbes’ Campaign to look me a Tract of about 2C acres and endeavour to secure it till he can give me advice of I have likewise taken the liberty of saying to him that I fully purswaded if the Land Office was kept in Carlyle a you had any share in the management of it that you woud me the favour of giving him any assistance in your pov consistent with the Rules of Office. And for such assistance Sir after thankfully acknowledging myself your Debtor woud punctually [reimburse you] with any expence that might arise on my account so soon as I coud be advised thereof.

I heartily wish that Mrs. Armstrong and yourself may find all the good effects from the Waters of the Frederick Springs that you could desire.

Mrs. Washington makes a tender of her Compliments to your Lady and self—to which please to add those of Dr. Sir, etc



September 1 or September 21, 1777: Siege of Fort Henry (1777)

The Siege of Fort Henry was an attack on American militiamen during the American Revolutionary War near the Virginia outpost known as Fort Henry by a mixed band of Indians in September 1777. The fort, named for Virginia Governor Patrick Henry, was at first defended by only a small number of militia, as rumors of the Indian attack had moved faster than the Indians, and a number of militia companies had left the fort. The American settlers were successful in repulsing the Indian attack.

[edit] Background

In the summer of 1777, rumors began circulating throughout frontier areas of Virginia and Pennsylvania that Indians living in the Ohio Country were planning attacks on frontier settlements on and around the Ohio River. Fort Henry, which had been constructed in 1774 to protect the settlers in the area around what is now Wheeling, West Virginia, was one of the rumored targets.[1] In early August, General Edward Hand, the commander at nearby Fort Pitt warned Lieutenant David Shepherd and all of the local militia captains of the threat, ordering them to gather at Fort Henry. For a time thereafter, militia companies stayed at Fort Henry, improving its defenses and patrolling for Indians. However, the absence of any obvious threat led many of those companies to leave and return to their homes. By the end of August, only two companies, those of Joseph Ogle and Samuel Mason, remained.[2]

[edit] Battle

The battle is reported in some sources to have taken place on September 1, and in others on September 21. On the night of the battle, a mixed band of about 200 Indians (predominantly Wyandot and Mingo, although there were also some Shawnee and Delaware) under the leadership of the Wendat chief Pomoacan,[3] approached the fort in great stealth and secrecy.[2] When four men left the fort early that morning, the Indians attacked them, killing one. The other three escaped, including two who returned to the fort to raise the alarm.

Anticipating a sortie from the fort, the Indians set up an ambush. The party that Captain Mason led out marched out to search for the Indians, and were very nearly surprised. One of Mason's men spotted an Indian and shot him, prompting the Indians to open fire. Seeing that they were very nearly surrounded, Mason and his men retreated, with Mason suffering severe enough injuries that he was forced to hide by the path rather than go to the fort. When Ogle led some men out to assist, his party was also attacked, and he was forced to take cover. Both he and Mason were eventually able to reenter the fort.

The Indians remained overnight outside the fort, dancing and demonstrating, but never attacked it directly. They left the next morning, having suffered nine wounded and one killed, while the Americans lost fifteen, with five wounded.[4][34]

September 21, 1777: Battle of Paoli.[35]

September 21, 1788: Zachary Taylor married Margaret Mackall Smith on June 21, 1810 in Louisville, Jefferson, KY.660 (Margaret Mackall Smith was born on September 21, 1788 in Calvert Co., MD 660 and died on August 14, 1852 in East Pascagoula, Jackson, MS 660.)[36]

September 21, 1792: Louis XVI of France


Louis XVI



King Louis XVI by Antoine-François Callet


King of France and Navarre, later
King of the French


Reign

May 10, 1774 – September 21, 1792


The French Republic had been proclaimed September 21, 1792. Louis XVI is the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy.

On September 21, the National Assembly declared France to be a Republic and abolished the Monarchy. Louis was stripped of all of his titles and honours, and from this date was known as simply Citoyen Louis Capet.

The Girondins were partial to keeping the deposed king under arrest, both as a hostage and a guarantee for the future. The more radical members – mainly the Commune and the Parisian deputies who would soon be known as the Mountain – argued for Louis's immediate execution. The legal background of many of the deputies made it difficult for a great number of them to accept an execution without the due process of law of some sort, and it was voted that the deposed monarch be tried before the National Convention, the organ that housed the representatives of the sovereign people. In many ways the former king’s trial represented the trial of the revolution. The trial was seen as such, with the death of one came the life of the other. Michelet argued that the death of the former king would lead to the acceptance of violence as a tool for happiness. He said, "If we accept the proposition that one person can be sacrificed for the happiness of the many, it will soon be demonstrated that two or three or more could also be sacrificed for the happiness of the many. Little by little, we will find reasons for sacrificing the many for the happiness of the many, and we will think it was a bargain."[38]

Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France & Navarre


New title

King of the French
October 1, 1791 – September 21, 1792

Vacant

National Convention
assumes executive power

Title next held by

Napoleon I
as emperor


Loss of title

Monarchy abolished

— TITULAR —
King of the French
September 21, 1792 – January 21 1793
Reason for succession failure:
French Revolution (1789–1799)





[37]

September 21, 1818


Monday, September 21, 1818.
Spencer County, IN.




[Nancy Hanks Lincoln signs as witness to Thomas Sparrow's will, making her mark.Spencer County Court Record.

Soon after will is made, Thomas Sparrow and his wife, Elizabeth Hanks Sparrow, die of milk sickness. They are buried on knoll quarter-mile south of log cabin home of Lincolns.]


[38]

. September 21, 1824: Andrew Jackson visited Murfreesboro and reached an agreement with Bennett Smith on settlement of Smith’s lawsuit against John Hutching’s executors. [39]


Saturday, September 21, 1833.
New Salem, IL.




Lincoln, with two others, signs note for $50 to Nelson Alley, who assigns it to Bell & Tinsley on $453.84 note he owes.Photocopy.


[40]

September 21-23, 1846: Battle of Monterey in the War with Mexico.[41]



Wed. September 21, 1864

Skirmishing all day changing lines and

Position a charge made on the picket line

(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary)[42]

September 21, 1884: Sim Whitsett’s daughter Mary Louise was born at Hickman's Mill, Missouri on September 21, 1884. She married Henry Lee Goats and the couple lived on their ranch in Hayden, New Mexico. [43]

September 21, 1903:


6

361

Moody, William H. (T.L.S.), September 21, 1903 [44][45]

September 21, 1916

Willis Goodlove has bought a new corn binder.[46]



1917-1921

Attacked for being revolutionaries or counter-revolutionaries, unpatriotic pacifists or warmongers, religious zealots or godless theists, capitalist exploiters or bourgeois profiteers, masses of Jewish civilians (by various estimates 70,000 to 250,000, the number of orphans exceeded 300,000) were murdered in pogroms in the course of Russian Civil War.[47]



1917

Mitochondrial DNA was drafted to reopen the case of the death of the last Russian czar, Nicholas II. In 1917, the Bolsheviks gunned down Nicholas, his family, and his servants, ending almost three hundred yuears of Romanov rule. At the time of the murders, rumors surfaced that one of the Romanovs, Nicholas’s daughter Anastsia, might have survived. Two years after the executions, a deranged woman named Anna Anderson presented herself as the grand duchess, who by then would have nineteen years old, and claimed the royal forturne. Otto Reche, the Nazi race scientitst, would actually testify in a court that Anastasia and Anna Anderson had to be either the same person or identical twins, but Anderson never did collect and died in 1981. The controversy over Anderson’s true identity was not resolved until 1998, when mitochondrial DNA taken from a sample of her preserved intestines was matched against a DNA sample given by Qjueen Elizabeth’s husband, Prince Philip, who was a grandson of the czarina’s sister. There was no match. Anderson was exposed posthumously as a fraud, her marker identifying her as a former Polish factory worker named Franziska Schanzkowska.[48]



1917: The word “sneaker” is coined.[49]



September 21, 1921

Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover, opens a national conference on unemployment, proposing price cuts and public works projects.[50]



September 21, 1939: Reinhard Heydrich meets with Einsatzgruppen commanders and Adolf Eichmann. He orders the establishment of Judenrate (Jewish Councils) in Poland, the concentration of Polish Jews and a census of them, and a survey of the Jewish work force and Jewish property throughout Poland.[51]



September 21, 1942: Mania Gottlib, born geb. Gottlib, August 4, 1870 in Wojnicz, Resided, Berlin. Deportation: from Berlin, July 21, 1942. September 21, 1942, Treblinka.



September 21, 1943:


16

771

Guzik, Jack, September 21, 1943 [52][53]

September 21, 1943: Arriving on September 21 the nuclear submarine Scamp immediately entered a period of standdown and upkeep until November 1, when she resumed operations in the vicinity of San Diego. [54]

· September 21, 1955: The United States Postal Service released a 30¢ Liberty Issue postage stamp honoring Lee.

· A statue of Lee is on display at the main mall of The University of Texas at Austin.

· The Robert Edward Lee Sculpture at Charlottesville, Virginia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.[117]

· Lee Chapel at Washington and Lee University marks Lee's final resting place.

· http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Robert-E-Lee-by-Leo-Lentill.jpg/82px-Robert-E-Lee-by-Leo-Lentill.jpg

Robert E Lee Monument, Charlottesville, Virginia, Leo Lentilli, sculptor, 1924

· http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Robert-E-Lee-by-Sievers.jpg/92px-Robert-E-Lee-by-Sievers.jpg

Robert E Lee, Virginia Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Frederick William Sievers, sculptor, 1917

· http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Monument_Ave_Robert_E._Lee.jpg/90px-Monument_Ave_Robert_E._Lee.jpg

Lee by Mercié, Monument Avenue, Richmond, Virginia, 1890

· http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Robert_E_Lee_Univ_of_Texas.jpg/74px-Robert_E_Lee_Univ_of_Texas.jpg

Statue of Lee on the grounds of the University of Texas at Austin

· http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RobertELeeStatuteDallas.jpg/90px-RobertELeeStatuteDallas.jpg

Statue of Lee in Dallas, Texas

Ships and vehicles

· In 1862, the newly formed Confederate Navy purchased a 642-ton iron-hulled side-wheel gunboat, built in at Glasgow, Scotland, and gave her the name of CSS Robert E. Lee in honor of this Confederate General. During the next year, she became one of the South's most famous Confederate blockade runners, successfully making more than twenty runs through the Union blockade.[118]

· The USS Robert E. Lee, a George Washington class ballistic missile submarine built in 1958, was named for Lee.

· The Mississippi River steamboat, Robert E. Lee, was named for Lee after the Civil War. It was the participant in an 1870 St. Louis – New Orleans race with the Natchez VI, which was featured in a Currier and Ives lithograph. The Robert E. Lee won the race. The steamboat also inspired a song Waiting for the Robert E. Lee (Lewis Muir-L. Wolfe Gilbert).

· The Commonwealth of Virginia issues an optional license plate honoring Lee, making reference to him as 'The Virginia Gentleman'.

· The M3 Lee tank.

In popular culture

Lee serves as a main character in the Shaara novels The Killer Angels, Gods and Generals, and The Last Full Measure, as well as the film adaptations of The Killer Angels and Gods and Generals. He is played by Martin Sheen in the former and his descendent Robert Duvall in the latter. Lee is portrayed as a hero in the historical children's novel Lee and Grant at Appomattox by MacKinlay Kantor. He is a major character in Harry Turtledove's alternate history novel, The Guns of the South, in which he ends up as President of a victorious Confederacy. [55]











September 21,1963 JFK writes to McNamara (Sec. of Defense) saying: “The events in

South Vietnam since May 1963 have now raised serious questions both about the present prospects for

success against the Viet Cong and still more about the future effectiveness of this effort.”

JFK and Mrs. Kennedy spend the afternoon aboard the White House yacht Honey Fitz.

AOT[56]


September 21, 1977: Bert Lance resigns.[57]

September 21, 2012: 100,000 years ago…Offshoots of Earliest Human Split

Charles Choi, LiveScience Contributor


Date: September 21, 2012 Time: 12:44 PM ET


The Khoe-San people of southern Africa, who speak a language based on clicking sounds, are descendants of the most ancient genetic split found yet in living humans, finds an international group of scientists.

The results also reveal some of the evolutionary changes that helped give rise to modern humanity.

Anatomically modern humans (us), evolved about 200,000 years ago in Africa. Differences between people living today and our evolutionary relatives include much less pronounced eyebrow ridges and larger brains.

Much remains uncertain about how modern humans originated in Africa's cradle of humanity. For instance, researchers had long thought humans arose in eastern Africa, but recent studies hint at roots in southern Africa. [Image Gallery: Our Closest Human Ancestor]

Khoe-San genes

To help uncover the origins of humanity, scientists analyzed genetic variations across 220 individuals from 11 different populations in southern Africa to explore their relationships and commonalities. Approximately 2.3 million DNA variations were analyzed per person.

The investigators found the earliest diversification event in the history of all humans occurred about 100,000 years ago. That is well before modern humans migrated out of Africa and about twice as old as the divergences of central African Pygmies and East African hunter-gatherers and from other African groups, said researcher Carina Schlebusch at Uppsala University in Sweden.

The descendants of this split are the Khoe-San people, the two hunter-gatherer ethnic groups who are known for speaking with clicks and share many other traits. Historically, the Khoe were pastoralists, employing domesticated sheep and cattle, while the San were hunter-gatherers.

It remains uncertain what exactly made the Khoe-San diverge and become genetically isolated from other African groups.Still, "the African continent is large, and there are geographic barriers to gene flow,"researcher Mattias Jakobsson, also of Uppsala University, told LiveScience.

"Another factor that might play a role in the isolation of African populations is also the cycling of the ice ages," Schlebusch told LiveScience."In Africa, you get stages of really arid conditions with ice ages and we see population contractions."

The scientists aren't sure the purposes of the genetic variations that set the Khoe-San apart. The extent to which each gene variation shapes what people are like physically "is very, very hard to understand at this stage," researcher Himla Soodyall at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa told LiveScience.

Rise of modern humans

The researchers also identified genetic variations that emerged before this split between the Khoe-San and other groups, adaptations linked to the rise of modern humans as a whole. These appear linked with skeletal development, such as bone and cartilage growth, as well as immune system and brain cell function.

"There's one gene where if you have mutations in that gene, you get heavy eyebrow ridges and rib cages that look like something that could potentially be Neanderthal or archaic human," Jakobsson told LiveScience. This finding suggests that further analysis of these African groups "will help us understand the emergence of anatomically modern humans."

Instead of pinpointing a single location from which modern humans arose, the genetic analysis revealed "different parts of Africa show up as potentially being the origin of anatomically modern humans," Jakobsson said. That suggests many different groups contributed to the gene pool "that then later on became anatomically modern humans," he explained.

The research also yielded insights on how pastoralism first spread to southern Africa. Among the Nama, a pastoralist Khoe group, the scientists found a small but very distinct genetic component that is shared with east Africans — for instance, the cattle-herding Maasai.

"We postulate that this east African component was introduced by east African groups that brought pastoralist practices to southern Africa," Schlebusch said.

In addition, the northern San populations differed from the southern San in terms of their immune systems. "We know the southern San populations had more contact with Bantu-speaking individuals and also incoming colonists that colonized South Africa in the 1600s, so it might be that the southern San populations were exposed to more novel diseases than northern San populations which were more isolated," Schlebusch said.

The scientists detailed their findings online Sept. 20 in the journal Science.[58]







--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/


[2] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt


[3] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt


[4][4] Note: From Annabel Tipton, a descendant of Valentine Crawford, quote-In brief, this means Valentine rented 311 acres of land from John Augustine Washington for 10 years, starting from Sept. 21, 1761, called Pitt’s Old Survey in Frederick County; that John Augustine Washinton inherited from Major Lawrence Washinton, who in turn had purchased it from Andrew Pitts. Valentin was to pay John Augustine a yearly rent of 25 pounds, due and payable by Oct. 18 and the rent was to be delivered to John Augustine’s house in Westmoreland County, Va. (near Mt. Vernon). Valentine received credit for 10 puonds the first year, for building a house on this property; and had to fence this 311 acres, to keep out stray hogs, other people’s carriages, carts, etc…no rods through it; and could not keep more than 2 tenants, besides his family on the land. And he had better pay his rent on time.-end quote

Whether Valentin Crawford and John Augustine Washinton, during that time (ten years), complied with this extremely binding contract, is not known. If Valentine became an agent and business manager for George Washinton (John Augustine Washinton’s brother), before the expiration of the contract, indications point to George Washinton, as a mediator for the release of Valentine Crawford and his obligation to George’s brother.

This document and agreement, between John Augustine Washington and Valentine Crawford, in general gives us an insight of the many obligations of severity, in the colonial days, before the American Revolutionary War. It is probably a sample of the imposing attitude of the higher European classes, upon the lesser and discriminated of their own countries.

(From River Cloyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U Emahiser, 1969 pgs. 80-81.)




[5] Note: From Annabel lipton, a descendant of Valentine Crawford, quote— In brief, this means Valentine rented 311 acres of land from John Augustine Washington for 10 years, starting from Sept. 21, 1761, called Pitt’s Old Survey in Frederick County; that

John Augustine Washington inherited from Major Lawrence Washington, who in turn had purchased it from Andrew Pitts. Valentine was to pay John Augustine a yearly rent of 25 pounds, due and payable by Oct. 18 and the rent was to be delivered to John Augustine’s house in Westmoreland County, Va. (near Mt. Vernon). Valentine received credit for 10 pounds the first year,f or building a house on this property; and had to fence this 311 acres, to keep out stray hogs, other people’s carriages, carts, etc... no roads through it; and could not keep more than 2 tenants, besides his family on the land. And he had better pay his rent on time. — end quote.

Whether Valentine Crawford and John Augustine Washington, during that time (ter years), complied with this extremely binding contract, is not known. If Valentine became an agent and business manager for George Washington (John Augustine Washington’s brother), before the expiriation of the contract, indications point to George Washington,as a mediator for the release of Valentine Crawford and his obligations to George’s brother.

This document and agreement, between John Augustine Washington and Valentine Crawford, in general gives us an insight of the many obligations of severity, in the colonial days, before the American Revolutionary War. It is probably a sample of the imposing attitude of the higher European classes, upon the lesser and discriminated of their own countries. (From River Clyde To Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser,1969. pp. 78-81.)


[6] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt


[7] The Washington Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield.


[8] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003


[9] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003


[10] See P. S. to Crawford’s reply (Letter No. 2).


[11] Crawford was one of the well-known frontiersmen. He was a surveyor and assisted Washinton to select the bounty lands on the Kanawha and Ohio Rivers for Virginia officers and soldiers, for their services in the French and Indian War. He been a captain in the Forbes campaign and was now settled on the Youghiogheny

,Sier. Afterwards a colonel in the Seventh Virginia Regiment in the Revolutionary ar he served on the frontiers; in the summer of (?) he commanded an expedition of the Ohio country against the Indians, where, after a hard-fought battle, he was a Prisoner and tortured to death in a most cruel and shocking manner. Washington, Writing to the board of war in 1778, said: “I know him to be a brave and (?), and of considerable influence upon the western frontier of Virginia.”


[12] ‘The brother of William Crawford, here referred to as having given Washington his first “hint” concerning the obtaining of a tract of land under Pennsylvania “ rights,” in the trans-Alleghany country, was Valentine Crawford.


[13] By the “ Pennsylvania line,” Washington meant the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Virginia, which, at that (late, was being run beyond the Alleghany mountains. His understanding as to “rights” was erroneous, as will hereafter be seen. Crawford’s residence was on the south side of the Yongliiogheny river, at what is now the village of,New haven, opposite the present town of Connellsville, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania. The date of his first improvements was the fall of 1765. In the spring of the year following, he settled there permanently.


[14] ‘John Armstrong. In September, 1756, as Lieutenant-Colonel, he led an expedition, composed of Pennsylvania troops and volunteers, from Fort Shirley, now Shirleysburg, Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, against an Indian village upon the east side of the Alleghany river, above Fort Pitt, called Kittanning, which was completely successful. The town was upon the site of the present Kittanning, Armstrong county.


[15] 1 The proclamation referred to was the King’s proclamation of 1763, prohibiting all governors from granting warrants for lands to the westward of the sources of the rivers which run into the Atlantic, and forbidding all persons purchasing such lands or settling on them without special license from the Crown. The region that Washington designated as “the King’s part,” was outside of Pennsylvania.


[16] A fortress at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at that date. The fort, previous to its occupation ‘by the English in 1758, was called, by the French, Fort Duquesne.


[17] Mason and Dixon were at this time engaged in running the boundary line be tween Pennsylvania and Maryland. The controversy between Virginia and Marylaro as to the western boundary of the latter was long undetermined, the “first fountati of the Potomac” having proved too indefinite a description.


[18] (86) As to Nails [Nealel and Company’s Grant, it was Laid on the fork of Monongahalia and Yochagania, which, if Pensilvania taks its charter, will take it. at an:Rate they Ohio Company you are the best Judge your self what will be dc,ne in it, o wheare it will be Lade.”—Crawford to Washington, Sept. 29, 1767.


[19] This company was organized in (?). Its members resided in Virginia and Maryland, with an associate in London—fourteen persons in all. Its object was the settling of the wild lands west of the Alleghany mountains, and to trade with the (?). Its members obtained a grant from the Crown of five hundred thousand acres of land, to be chiefly taken on the south side of the Ohio, between the Monongahela and the Kanawha. The company was alive at the date of the above letter, but no lands had been surveyed. The Revolution put an end to its existence.




[20] The proclamation of Octover 7, 1763, was issued to quiet the two principal causes of discontent among the Indians—the encroachments of settlers upon lands claimed by the tribes and the abuses committed by Indian traders and their servants. This Proclamation restrained all persons from trading with the Indians without a license and prohibited all settlements beyond the limits described as the boundary of the Indian hinting ground, thus putting both the property and the commerce of the natives under the protection of officers acting under the immediate authority of the King. Washing­ton was undoubtedly correct in his estimation of this edict, for the commissioners of Side, in their report on Indian affairs in 1769, characterized it as “mere provisional arrangements, adapted to the exigence of the time.” (See Pennsylvania Archives, vol.4, P.315.) Similar views were generally entertained. Chancellor Livingston in a letter to Doctor Franklin, respecting the conditions of peace previous to the treaty of 1783, said:”Virginia, even after the proclamation of l763 patented considerable traces on the Ohio far beyond the Appalachian Mountains. It is true, the several governments were Prohibited at different times from granting lands beyond certain limits; but these were clearly temporary restrictions, which the policy of maintaining a good understanding the natives dictated, and were always broken through after a short period as is evinced by the rants above mentioned, made subsequent to the proclamation of 1763.” ~11n I763 the Indian commissioners prepared a plan for determining more definitely limits of settlement and submitted certain bounds to the Indian tribes for their ~Approval. The line of separation in the northern district was completed and accepted by the Indians in 1765, but Sir William Johnson, while acquiescing, declined to give his ratification without further directions from the King. These limits gave

Middle Colonies “room to spread much beyond what they have hitherto been awed,” a concession made to the fact that the ‘state of their population requires ~greater extent.” The Crown had not given its assent to the acts of the commissioners, as late as 1769, although the plan had received a partial endorsement That lords of trade in 1767, and in the meantime the Virginians and Pennsylvanian are rapidly pushing their settlements on the Indian territory west of the Allegheny .5°fltairrs, in spite of Royal (April to, 1766) and Colonial (July 31, 1766~ proclama­th5 calling upon these settlers to leave the territory “which if they shall fail to do,

They must expect no protection or mercy from government, and be exposed to the revenge of the exasperated Indians.”—Ford.


[21] The Washington-Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield

The Writing of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 2.


[22] Crawford answered this September 29. an extract of which is given in note 86, Page 470, ante. The original is in the Washington Papers and is printed in Hamilton’s to Washington, vol. 3, p. 295.


[23] [Note 84: Crawford was one of the well-known frontiersmen. He was a surveyor and assisted Washington to select the bounty lands on the Kanawha and Ohio Rivers for the Virginia officers and soldiers, for their services in the French and Indian War. He had been a captain in the Forbes campaign and was now settled on the Youghiogheny River. Afterwards a colonel in the Seventh Virginia Regiment in the Revolutionary War, he served on the frontiers; in the summer of 1782 he commanded an expedition into the Ohio country against the Indians, where, after a hard-fought battle, he was taken prisoner and tortured to death in a most cruel and shocking manner. Washington, writing to the board of war in 1778, said: "I know him to be a brave and active officer, and of considerable influence upon the western frontier of Virginia."]


[24] The brother of William Crawford, here referred to as having given Washington his first “hint” concerning the obtaining of a tract of land under Pennsylvania “rights,” in the trans-Alleghany country, was Valentine Crawford.


[25] By the “Pennsylvania line” Washington meant the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Virginia which, at that date, was being run beyond the Alleghany mountains. His understanding as to “rights” was erroneous, as will hereafter be seen.


[26] Crawford’s residence was on the south side of the Youghiogheny river, at what is now the village of New Haven, opposite the present town of Connellsville, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania. The date of his first improvements was the fall of 1765. In the spring of the year following, he settled there permanently. The Washington Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield, 1877.


[27] [Note 85: The proclamation of October 7, 1763, was issued to quiet the two principal causes of discontent among the Indians--the encroachments of settlers upon lands claimed by the tribes and the abuses committed by Indian traders and their servants. This proclamation restrained all persons from trading with the Indians without a license and prohibited all settlements beyond the limits described as the boundary of the Indian hunting ground, thus putting both the property and the commerce of the natives under the protection of officers acting under the immediate authority of the King. Washington was undoubtedly correct in his estimation of this edict, for the commissioners of trade, in their report on Indian affairs in 1769, characterized it as "mere provisional arrangements, adapted to the exigence of the time." (See Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 4, p. 315.) Similar views were generally entertained. Chancellor Livingston in a letter to Doctor Franklin, respecting the conditions of peace previous to the treaty of 1783, said: "Virginia, even after the proclamation of 1763 patented considerable tracts on the Ohio, far beyond the Appalachian mountains. It is true, the several governments were prohibited at different times from granting lands beyond certain limits; but these were clearly temporary restrictions, which the policy of maintaining a good understanding with the natives dictated. and were always broken through after a short period as is evinced by the grants above mentioned, made subsequent to the proclamation of 1763."
In 1764 the Indian commissioners prepared a plan for determining more definitely the limits of settlement and submitted certain bounds to the Indian tribes for their approval. The line of separation in the northern district was completed and accepted by the Indians in 1765, but Sir William Johnson, while acquiescing, declined to give a final ratification without further directions from the King. These limits gave the Middle Colonies "room to spread much beyond what they have hitherto been allowed," a concession made to the fact that the "state of their population requires a greater extent." The Crown had not given its assent to the acts of the commissioners, certainly as late as 1769, although the plan had received a partial indorsement by the lords of trade in 1767, and in the meantime the Virginians and Pennsylvanians were rapidly pushing their settlements on the Indian territory west of the Allegheny Mountains, in spite of Royal (Apr. 10, 1766) and Colonial (July 31, 1766) proclamations calling upon these settlers to leave the territory "which if they shall fail to do, they must expect no protection or mercy from government, and be exposed to the revenge of the exasperated Indians."-- Ford.]


[28] [Note 86: "As to Nails [Neale] and Company's Grant, it was Laid on the fork of Monongahalia and Yochagania, which, if Pensilvania taks its charter, will take it. at any Rate they Ohio Company you are the best Judge your self what will be done in it, or wheare it will be Lade."-- Crawford to Washington, Sept. 29, 1767.
Mason and Dixon were at this time engaged in running the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland. The controversy between Virginia and Maryland as to the western boundary of the latter was long undetermined, the "first fountain of the Potomac" having proved too indefinite a description.]


[29] The Washington Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield, 1877.


[30] The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mgw:@field(DOCID+@lit(gw020319))

The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor.


[31] [Note 87: Crawford answered this September 29, an extract of which is given in note 86, page 470, ante. The original is in the Washington Papers and is printed in Hamilton's Letters to Washington, vol. 3, p. 295.]


[32] (1a.)1This letter is one of two from Washington to Crawford, published by Jared Sparks, in his Writings of Washington. (Vol. II, pp. 346— 350.) C. W. Butterfield.


[33] Armstrong was born in Ireland in 1725 and died at Carlisle, Pa,, in 1795. He emigrated to Prnnsylvania about t 7j y-~i p~S ansi scttled in the Kirtatinny Valley. Was I Colonel in the Continental Army in a 775-76; promoted to brigadier general Mar. a, 1776; resigned Apr. 4, 1777. In 1777 he was major general of Pennsylvania troops in i778 a Delegate to the Continental Congress. His son, John Armstrong, was the author of the Nesvburgh Addresses, and later Secretary of War of the United States under President Madison. Armstrong’s answer, dated Nov. 3, 1767, is in the Washington Papers and is printed in Hamilton’s Letters to Washington, vol. 3, p. 302.




[34] [edit] References

1. ^ Puryear, p. 231

2. ^ a b Puryear, p. 232

3. ^ Olmstead, p. 77

4. ^ Puryear, p. 234
•Olmstead, Earl. Blackcoats among the Delaware: David Zeisberger on the Ohio frontier
•Puryear, Robert. Border Forays and Adventures


[35] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing


[36] http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/zt12.html




[37] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France


[38] http://www.thelincolnlog.org/Calendar.aspx?date=1818-09-21


[39] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824


[40] http://www.thelincolnlog.org/Calendar.aspx?year=1833&month=1


[41] Memorial in the Capital, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.


[42] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove


[43] http://whitsett-wall.com/Whitsett/whitsett_simeon.htm


[44] William Henry Moody




William Henry Moody





Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States


In office
December 12, 1906[1] – November 20, 1910


Nominated by

Theodore Roosevelt


Preceded by

Henry Billings Brown


Succeeded by

Joseph Rucker Lamar


45th United States Attorney General


In office
July 1, 1904 – December 12, 1906


President

Theodore Roosevelt


Preceded by

Philander C. Knox


Succeeded by

Charles J. Bonaparte


35th United States Secretary of the Navy


In office
May 1, 1902 – June 30, 1904


President

Theodore Roosevelt


Preceded by

John Davis Long


Succeeded by

Paul Morton


Personal details


Born

(1853-12-23)December 23, 1853
Newbury, Massachusetts, U.S.


Died

July 2, 1917(1917-07-02) (aged 63)
Haverhill, Massachusetts, U.S.


Political party

Republican


Alma mater

Harvard University


Profession

Politician, Lawyer, Judge


Religion

Episcopalian[2]


William Henry Moody (December 23, 1853 – July 2, 1917) was an American politician and jurist, who held positions in all three branches of the Government of the United States.

Biography

Born a son of farmers in Newbury, Massachusetts, Moody graduated from Phillips Academy in 1872 and from Harvard, Phi Beta Kappa in 1876,[3] where he was a classmate and friend of future President Theodore Roosevelt. After 4 months attending Harvard Law School, he departed and instead took the then-common but now-unusual step of reading law (under Richard Henry Dana, Jr.) to pass the bar.

Early in his legal career, Moody first was elected city solicitor of Haverhill, Massachusetts in 1888. After appointment as the U.S. Attorney for Eastern Massachusetts in 1890, he gained widespread notoriety in 1893 as the junior prosecutor in the Lizzie Borden murder case. While his efforts were unsuccessful he was generally acknowledged as the most competent and effective of the attorneys on either side. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts, and served from 1895 until 1902 where he served on the powerful Appropriations Committee. During President Theodore Roosevelt's administration, Moody served as the Secretary of Navy (1902–1904) and as Attorney General (1904–1906). As Attorney General, Moody actively followed Roosevelt's trust-busting policies, negotiating with 'good' trusts like U.S. Steel but prosecuting 'bad' ones like Standard Oil. After failing to convince William Howard Taft to take the seat, on December 12, 1906, Roosevelt nominated Moody as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and Moody was confirmed December 17, 1906.[4]

Moody's service on the Court was brief but not uneventful, writing 67 opinions and 5 dissents. His most noted opinion was in the minority in Employers Liability Cases (1908), where he held that Congress' power to regulate interstate commerce included the ability to legislate management's relationship with employees. While he generally supported enhanced federal powers, opinions as Twining v. New Jersey (1908), where he held that the Fifth Amendment's protection against compulsory self-incrimination did not apply to cases presented in state courts, made him hard to pigeonhole. He also wrote for a unanimous court in the famous case of Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley, which limited federal question jurisdiction to cases in which the plaintiff's cause of action was based on federal law.

By 1908, Moody suffered severe rheumatism. This affected Moody to such an extent that his last sitting on the bench was May 7, 1909, when he left for a brief rest and never returned. With the age- and health-enfeebled Supreme Court of 1909 crippled (President William Howard Taft was to make a record-setting 5 appointments due to death and resignations over a course of a single year in 1910–1911), Taft urged Moody, then the youngest justice at 55, to step down. After Taft successfully lobbied Congress for a Special Act to grant Moody retirement benefits not normally granted unless justices reached age 70 or 10 years of service (enacted June 23, 1910), Moody retired from the Court on November 20, 1910.[5] He died in Haverhill, Massachusetts, July 2, 1917.

After Moody's death, some of his official papers were placed in the custody of Professor Felix Frankfurter, then of Harvard Law School. They are now in the collection of Frankfurter's papers in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress.

Legacy

USS Moody (DD-277) was named for him.

NotesJump up ^ "Federal Judicial Center: William Henry Moody". 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2009-12-11.

1. Jump up ^ http://www.adherents.com/adh_sc.html

2. Jump up ^ Supreme Court Justices Who Are Phi Beta Kappa Members, Phi Beta Kappa website, accessed Oct 4, 2009

3. Jump up ^ HarpWeek: Cartoon of the Day at www.harpweek.com

4. Jump up ^ The Supreme Court Historical Society at www.supremecourthistory.org

References
•Lewis L. Gould. "Moody, William Henry"; American National Biography Online February 2000.
•James F. Watts, Jr., "William Moody," in The Justices of the United States Supreme Court 1789-1969, ed. Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel (1969),

Sources and external links
•The Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum owns 12 Moody letters dated 1896–1908.
•William Henry Moody at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress


United States House of Representatives


Preceded by
William Cogswell

Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 6th congressional district
November 5, 1895 – May 1, 1902

Succeeded by
Augustus P. Gardner


Government offices


Preceded by
John D. Long

United States Secretary of the Navy
May 1, 1902 – June 30, 1904

Succeeded by
Paul Morton


Legal offices


Preceded by
Philander C. Knox

U.S. Attorney General
Served under: Theodore Roosevelt
July 1, 1904 – December 12, 1906

Succeeded by
Charles Joseph Bonaparte


Preceded by
Henry Billings Brown

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
December 12, 1906 – November 20, 1910

Succeeded by
Joseph Rucker Lamar


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Moody


[45]


Series 2: Incoming Correspondence, 1867-1953


The majority of this series is personal correspondence sent to Harrison, although there are also a significant number of items that were sent to Harrison in his official capacity as Mayor of Chicago or Collector of Internal Revenue. Several letters have handwritten annotations by Harrison explaining the letter's context or giving his thoughts on the sender or the letter's subject.


Much of Harrison's official incoming correspondence involves patronage job appointments. The rest of Harrison's incoming correspondence covers a wide range of topics, including: (a) his three books (Stormy Years, Growing Up With Chicago, and With the American Red Cross in France, 1918-1919); (b) the political activities of the Democratic Party at both the local and national level, including four letters from Tammany Hall boss Richard Croker; (c) early Chicago history; (d) hunting and fishing trips; (e) efforts to locate the whereabouts of various individuals with whom Harrison was acquainted in the past; and (f) responses from well-known people of Harrison's day from whom he requested autographs as a young man.


Among the correspondence in this series are two interesting letters from then Senator Harry Truman in 1936 in which Truman tells Harrison what he thinks of the French and expresses his displeasure at France's failure to repay the United States for debts incurred during World War I in connection with the purchase of war supplies. There is also a letter from Harrison's brother, William Preston Harrison, giving his eyewitness account of the assassination of Harrison's father in 1893, and a letter from Lawton Parker inviting Harrison to attend a meeting to discuss the formation the Arts Club of Chicago. Finally, this series includes letters relating to Harrison's service with the American Red Cross in France at the end of World War I, and his gifts to the Art Institute of Chicago.


There is a fair amount of correspondence (i.e., over five letters) from the following individuals or entities: American Red Cross; Art Institute of Chicago; Bobbs-Merrill Company; William Jennings Bryan; Charles Collins; Charles G. Dawes; Charles S. Deneen; Edward F. Dunne; E. K. Eckert; James Farley; Alexander Hugh Ferguson; Charles Fitzmorris; Sophonisba Preston Harrison; William Preston Harrison; Henry Horner; Cordell Hull; Harold L. Ickes; James Hamilton Lewis; Frank O. Lowden; Edgar Lee Masters; William Gibbs McAdoo; John T. McCutcheon; F. Millet; Henry Morgenthau Jr.; Battling Nelson; Lawton Parker; Henry T. Rainey; Frederick Rex; Franklin Delano Roosevelt; Julius Rosenwald; A. J. Sabath; Adlai E. Stevenson; William Hale Thompson; Henry Emerson Tuttle; and Walter Ufer.


Letters to Harrison specifically about his family's genealogy and history are arranged separately in Series 11 (Harrison Family History). Letters to Harrison about the Chicago Commission for the Encouragement of Local Art are arranged separately in Series 12 (Chicago Commission for the Encouragement of Local Art).


This series is arranged alphabetically by the sender's name. Multiple items within a folder are then arranged chronologically.





[46] Winton Goodlove papers.


[47] www.wikipedia.org


[48] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 57


[49] The Epic History of Everyday Things, H2, 2011


[50]On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[51] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1762.


[52] Jake Guzik

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This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2008)


Jake "Greasy Thumb" Guzik (March 20, 1886 – February 21, 1956) was the financial and legal advisor, and later political “greaser,” for the Chicago Outfit.

Biography

Early life

Guzik was born near Kraków, Galicia, Poland on May 20, 1886, and emigrated to the United States in the early 20th century. His parents were Jews from Katowice, Poland. Guzik later became involved in prostitution, and allegedly white slavery, in the South Side of Chicago's Levee vice district with his brother Harry, eventually driving rival Jack Zuta out of business. He later became a powerful political "fixer" operating from St. Hubert’s Old English Grill and Chop House, where Guzik received "bagmen" who delivered scheduled payoffs to various police precincts and city officials.

Chicago Outfit[edit]

In the early 1920s, Guzik, supposedly overhearing a plan to murder Al Capone, informed him and later allied with the Chicago Outfit. Starting under Capone, Guzik was the trusted treasurer and financial wizard of the Outfit. Guzik worked for Capone, and later Paul "the Waiter" Ricca and Tony Accardo. Because Guzik was incapable of using a gun or killing anyone, Capone protected him, and once killed a man for him. In May 1924, Guzik got into an argument with a freelance hijacker named Joe Howard, who slapped and kicked him around. Incapable of physical resistance, Guzik related to Capone what had happened. Capone charged out in search of Howard and ran him down in Heinie Jacob's saloon on South Wabash Avenue, where Howard was bragging about the way he had "made the little Jew whine." When Howard saw Capone, he held out his hand and said, "Hello, Al." Capone instead grabbed Howard's shoulders and shook him violently, demanding to know why Howard had mistreated his friend. "Go back to your girls, you dago pimp," Howard replied. Capone then wordlessly drew a revolver and jammed it into his face, and after several seconds emptied it into him.

Capone quickly came to trust Guzik's advice in the various gang wars that developed as he tried to organize Chicago. Jake also served as the mob's principal bagman in payoffs to police and politicians, hence the origin of the nickname Greasy Thumb. Years later, as Capone was in failing health, it was Guzik who saw to it that Capone and his family never wanted for anything.

During the 1940s and 1950s, when the national syndicate was dominated by what was called the Big Six, it was Guzik and Accardo who flew east weekly to meet with the other heads of the organization: Joe Adonis, Frank Costello, Meyer Lansky and Longy Zwillman. The only serious legal problems that Guzik ever faced were with the IRS, and he eventually spent a few years in prison. At the Kefauver Committee hearings, he pleaded the Fifth Amendment on the ground that any response to the questions might "discriminate against me."

Guzik died of a myocardial infarction on February 21, 1956, while in bed at a South Side Chicago apartment he rented under the name Jack Arnold. He was 69.[1] At his funeral services, more Italians were in attendance at the synagogue than ever before in its history.[citation needed]

In television[edit]

Jake Guzik is a major figure in the 1959 television show The Untouchables, where he is portrayed by Nehemiah Persoff. Guzik was introduced in the first episode as the brains behind the Chicago Outfit after Al Capone's conviction,[2] and ultimately appeared in six episodes.[3]

Jake Guzik appears in the HBO show Boardwalk Empire where he is portrayed by Joe Caniano. His incident with Joe Howard was dramatized in an episode; here, Guzik's bullying coincides with Capone's son being bullied in school and it is the similarities between the two incidents that drives Capone to kill Howard.

References[edit]
•Kelly, Robert J. Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000. ISBN 0-313-30653-2
•Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8160-5694-3
•Sifakis, Carl. The Encyclopedia of American Crime. New York: Facts on File Inc., 2001. ISBN 0-8160-4040-0

Notes[edit]
1.Jump up ^ {http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19560222&id=fVkaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZyUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7222,500742}
2.Jump up ^ ""The Untouchables" The Empty Chair (TV episode 1959)". IMDB. Retrieved 2013-04-08.
3.Jump up ^ "Filmography by TV series for Nehemiah Persoff". IMDB. Retrieved 2013-04-08.

Further reading[edit]
•Binder, John. The Chicago Outfit. Arcadia Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-7385-2326-7
•Johnson, Curt and R. Craig Sautter. The Wicked City: Chicago from Kenna to Capone. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. ISBN 0-306-80821-8
•Reppetto, Thomas A. American Mafia: A History of Its Rise to Power. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2004. ISBN 0-8050-7798-7
•Almog, Oz, Kosher Nostra Jüdische Gangster in Amerika, 1890–1980 ; Jüdischen Museum der Stadt Wien ; 2003, Text Oz Almog, Erich Metz, ISBN 3-901398-33-3




[53]


Series 8: Clippings, 1858-1952, bulk 1907-1948


This series consists of clippings of newspaper and magazine articles that either mention Harrison or were about subjects of particular interest to him. Clippings of articles primarily about Harrison's life rather than Harrison's connection to another person or matter are arranged in Series 1 (Biographical Materials). In some cases, Harrison clipped only a portion of the article, cutting it off part way through.


Several of the articles in this series are stories of graft, corruption, prostitution, gambling, and other illegal activities in Chicago, which Harrison apparently saved to favorably compare his record as mayor to that of some of his successors, such as William Hale Thompson and Edward J. Kelly. Others relate to Harrison's books, or to historic Chicago people, places, or events to which Harrison had some connection. A number of the clippings are about people whom Harrison or his father knew. This series also includes two copies of the Chicago Times from 1858 and 1861 which may have been saved by Harrison's father.


Some of the clippings are accompanied by Harrison's handwritten or typed notes providing his thoughts on the subject of the article, or explaining how the subject of the article related to him. These annotations generally range from one sentence to a couple of paragraphs in length.


See also clippings in five bound volumes, cataloged separately as Case + E5 H24608.


This series is arranged alphabetically by the primary subject of the clippings. Multiple items within a folder are then arranged chronologically.







[54] This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.Skipjack-class submarine:


•Skipjack
•Scamp
•Scorpion
•Sculpin
•Shark
•Snook












[55] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Lee


[56] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf


[57] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 497


[58] http://www.livescience.com/23378-african-hunter-gatherers-human-origins.html