This Day in Goodlove History, November 8

This Day in Goodlove History, November 8

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com

•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

•

• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.

•

• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

•

• A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com

• and that will take them right to it.



The William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeff Goodlove is available at the Farmer's Daughter's Market , (319) 294-7069, 495 Miller Rd, Hiawatha, IA , http://www.fdmarket.com/



• Birthdays on this date; Miki Wells, Anna Vance, Kathleen J. Switzer, Mayme LeClere, Catherine G. Harrison, Teddy Hampshire, Edith Godlove, Daisy Godlove , Jessie M. Franks

Weddings on this date; Martha H. Kramer and James F. Goodlove



I Send Email!



• To: Andrew Schultze,

•

• Andrew, What a nice surprise to it was to see you last week. What a coincidence it was to have only just read about your upcoming concert at Spertus minutes before I saw you at the Asher Library. As we discussed, the purpose of my visit to the Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies was find a translator for the books of a Cohen Modal Haplotype match's ancestor (therefore our ancestor) by the name of Abraham Baer Gottlober. The original books were written in Russian Yiddish and are printed in Hebrew. You mentioned that you might know of someone who might be able to help out with the translation. If, when things slow down, you happen to find that person's contact information I would really appreciate it if you could send it to me.

•

• I am sorry I will miss your concert tomorrow "The Songs of Solomon" November 8 at Spertus. The music, by Salamone Rossi sounds very interesting. I do hope to visit the Synagogue in Chicago in which you regularly sing regularly so if you could send the address information and time of services I would appreciate that too.

•

• Lastly, I am interested in learning more about the vocal performance of Jewish/Hebrew music so perhaps we could start working together again in the form of some lessons if you have any time available.

•

•

• Jeff Goodlove

•

•

• November 8, 324 AD: After two decades of bloody civil war, Emperor Constantine has finally siezed control of the entire Roman empire.[1]

•

• 324 C.E.: By the early 100s CE, several Christians mentioned a particular Bethlehem cave as the spot where Jesus was born. When Constantine’s mother, Helena, came to the region in 324 CE looking for holy sites, she built a church over the cave.[2]

324-640 CE

Under Bysantine rule (324-640CE), Christianity is introduced in Israel and many anti-Jewish laws are enacted.[3]

• The influencial church historian Eusebius of Caesarea (260-340) defined the term “Hebrew” and “Jew”. The “Hebrews” are all the virtuous figures of the Old Testament. Eusebius treats them as preincarnation Christians. The “Jews” are all the evil people of the Old Testament. [4]

•

• Saint John Chrysostom, a fourth century Bishop of Antioch, was known as one of the most eloquent preachers of truth and love. However, in a series of eight sermons against the Jews, he wrote: “The synagogue is a criminal assembly of Jews…a place of meeting for the assassins of Christ. Jews are inveterate murderers, possessed by the devil, their debausher and drunkenness gives them the manners of the pig.”[5]

325 A.D.

Among delegates who attended the Council of Nicea (A.D. 325) were several from Britain.[6]

November 8, 1770: Came within a Mile of the Mouth of Muskingham 27 Miles.

November 8, 1772 After breakfast Mr. Pendleton & Mr. Crawford went away as Miss Mason & Miss Scott did yesterday.[7]

November 8, 1774



[Col. William Christian to Col. William Preston. 3QQ130.]

Smithfield Tuesday the 8 Novr. ‘74



My Dear Sir-About 7OClock this morning Capt Floyd & myself got there [here] on our return from the Indian Country. I hear you are not expected home before Sunday, if you stay in the neighbourhood of the Town a few days or come up Roanoak I hope to see you But in the mean time I will say a little about our Journey.

This day 3 weeks [October 18] our Army about 1150 in number marched from the Ohio, and on the Monday evening following we encamped within about 3 miles from A Shawnese Town where their greatest force were Assembled. His Lordships Camp was then about 7 miles from us & about 6 miles from the Town. We intended for his Camp but passed the path that took off to our right hand expecting he had encamped nearer the Towns.[8] That day we were met by several expresses from his Lordship, the last one informing us that he had concluded a peace. As we went on further than was expected The Indians who watched every motion of our army, informed the Govr. That we had not stopt but were pushing strait for their Towns & would be in that day (which we could havee done). His Lordship with the Interpreter Mr. Gibson & an Indian Chief & 50 men came to our Camp at Dusk.[9] The next day he called the Captains together, told what he had [done] & desired us to return home. We began our March that day, all but about 50 Fincastle men who went to the other Camp. On Friday night we reached Point Pleasant. On Sunday evening the greatest part of the Fincastle & Augusta Troops set our for home, every body being anxious.

Capt. Russell is to remain with 50 men at point Pleasant until the Assembly can be applyd to.

The Mingoes refused to comply with the termsof the Treaty, when his Lordship was at our Camp he had about 8 of their men under confinement. Tuesday night after he returned to his own Camp he detached 250 men who reached a mingo Town the following night, killed 5 & took 14 prisoners chiefly Women & Children the rest escaping under Cover of the Night.[10] The plunder to a considerable Amount was brought away, & the Town burned down.[11] This Intelligence came by Jno. Howe who was with the Party & overtook me at Elk. There is another Mingo Town nearer Pt. Pleasant[12]. I doubt the Govr. Cannot take that for want of Provisions

The Shawnese proposed laying themselves at the Govers. Mercy & told him to make the Terms & they should be complied with. He proposed their delivering up all the Prisoners & paying for what Stores &c they had taken since last war. And never more to make war or disturb us. For the Two first he takes two of their Chiefs with him to Wm.burg & for the last four Chiefs or the Sons of such. I don’t know abt. The other articles but Know & Howe tells me that there is something about their never coming over to our settlements but to Trade.[13]

Last Friday was two weeks [October 21] Logan a famous Chief[14] went home with a little boy a son of Roberts on Holston & two of Blackmores Negroes. He said He had taken them on the Fronteers next the Cherokee Country & had killed I think either 5 or 7 people. The boy and Negroes will be soon in.

It is a general opinion in the Govrs. Army that the peace with the Shawnese will be lasting.[15]

Many of our wounded men died since the Accounts of the battle came in, I think there are near 70 dead. Capt. Buford & Lieut. Goldman & 7 or 8 more died whilst we were over Ohio & more will yet die.

Colo. Fleming is in a fair way to recover and I think out of danger if he don’t catch cold. Him & Capt. Dickeson sett of[f] Monday was a week from the Point in a Canoe & will come from Elk or Kellys on horseback. All the wounded are coming in who Can ride, some must Stay until they get better.

I dare say the Army is now scattered from Elk to the levels, perhaps from Point pleasant to the Warm Springs, all in little Companys. Many of the Fincastle men crossed at Pt. Pleasant & intended to steer for Clinch. Others at Kellys. I beg of you if you can get any Oppy. To inform Mrs. Fleming of her husbands being on his way, He walks about constantly all day. He had plenty of people to take care of him.

Colo. Lewis I think will be in the first of next week, perhaps some longer. When I saw the Govr. He said he would hasten to Wm.burg to meet the Assembly whom he expected would adjourn from day to day, until he could get there. He will go very quick.

Pray show this to Mr. Madison. I will see him the last of this week I hope on my way to Hanover. If I knew certainly of yr. coming up Catawba I would go that way to meet you. I wish the other road may please you as well.

I am Sir as usual Yours Ever[16]

WM Christian



November 8, 1777

[Col. John Proctor to Gen. Edward Hand. IU129—A. L. S.] Twelve MILE RUN November 8th 1777

HONORED SIR—I am Just Returned from Bedford with My famaly and find this Quarter of the Contry Mutch Destresst, and in the greatest confusion there was a party of the Bedford Millita at my House on theire Martch to Joyne you and receved youre orders to return the necessity of this Distresst fruntr [frontier] Calls for Asistiance Collhl. [James] Smith being one his martch with a bodey of about Eighty men thought it nessery to order them With him I hope his conduct will Meet youre aprobation. Wallases fort was Attacted one tuesday last[17] with a body of about forty or fifty White Men and indeans the peple in the fort kild one of the white men and oblidged the rest to retrate but the[y are] Seen Evory Day in the Neibohud we havue though[t] it would answer [every] avaluble End To Send out a Strong party in order to fall in with them if Posable.

I Congratlate you on the Good Nuse from the Nor-ward and am Sir youre Most Obed Humble Servt

JOHN PROCTOR



N. B. I just now recaved intiligance that our batrys has blue up by hot bals at Bilingsport a Ninty gon Ship & 2 others and kild three hundred Hesions and a numbor of Helandors who had landed and made an atempt to storem the Garason but failed in their Desires.[18] I am your Hue [servant]

J. p[19]





November 8, 1811. Ancestor and future President William Henry Harrison sent a small group of men to inspect the town and found it was deserted except for one elderly woman to sick to flee, the rest of defeated Indian forces had evacuated the village during the night.

[20]

Wakawn, or the Snake

Harrison ordered his troops to spare the woman, but to burn down Prophetstown and destroy the Indians' cooking implements, without which the confederacy would have a difficult time to survive the winter. Everything of value was confiscating, including 5,000 bushels of corn and beans.[21] Some of the American soldiers dug up bodies from the graveyard in Prophetstown to scalp. Harrison's troops buried their own dead on the site of their camp. They built large fires over the mass grave in an attempt to conceal it from the Indians.[25] However, after Harrison's troops departed the area, the Indians returned to the grave site, digging up many of the corpses and scattering the bodies in retaliation. It was then that the Prophet supposedly placed the curse of Tippecanoe on Harrison.[9][24]

Aftermath
The day after the battle, the wounded were loaded into wagons and carried back to Fort Harrison for care. Most of the militia was released from duty and returned home, but the regulars remained in the area for a brief time longer.[26] In his initial report to the Secretary Eustis, Harrison informed him of a battle having occurred near the Tippecanoe River, giving the battle its name, and that he feared an imminent reprisal attack. The first dispatch did not make clear which side had won the conflict, and the secretary at first interpreted it as a defeat. The follow-up dispatch made the American victory clear and the defeat of the Indians was more certain when no second attack materialized. Eustis replied with a lengthy note demanding to know why Harrison had not taken adequate precautions in fortifying his camp. Harrison responded that he considered the position strong enough to not require fortification. The dispute was the catalyst of a disagreement between Harrison and the Department of War that later caused him to resign from the army in 1814.[27]

At first the newspapers carried little information about the battle to the public; they instead focused on the highlights of the ongoing Napoleonic Wars. One Louisville newspaper even printed a copy of the original dispatch and called the battled an American defeat.[28] By December, most of the major American papers began to carry stories on the battle. Public outrage quickly grew and many Americans blamed the British for inciting the tribes to violence and supplying them with firearms. Andrew Jackson was among the forefront of men calling for war, claiming that Indians were "excited by secret British agents."[29] Other western governors called for action, William Blount of Tennessee called on the government to "purge the camps of Indians of every Englishmen to be found..."[30] Acting on popular sentiment, the War Hawks in Congress passed resolutions condemning the British for interfering in American domestic affairs. Tippecanoe fueled the worsening tension with Britain, culminating in a declaration of war only a few months later.[31]





Monument near the battle site

Attacks against settlers by Native Americans quickly increased in the aftermath of the battle. Numerous settlers and isolated outposts in Indiana and Illinois Territory were targeted leading to the deaths of many civilians.[30] Prophetstown was partially rebuilt over the next year, but was again destroyed by a second campaign in 1812. The Battle of Tippecanoe was a serious blow to Tecumseh's dream of a confederacy. When he returned, Tecumseh was angry with his brother who he had instructed to keep peace while he was away. The Prophet lost much of his prestige and influence after the defeat when his claims that the warriors could not be harmed proved untrue. Tecumseh continued to play a major role in military operations on the frontier, however, and by 1812 he had regained some of his former strength.[21] Tecumseh's troops made up nearly half of the British army that captured Detroit from America in the War of 1812. It was not until Tecumseh's death at the 1813 Battle of the Thames that his confederation ceased to threaten American interests.[32] When William Henry Harrison ran for President of the United States during the election of 1840, he used the slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" to remind people of his heroism during the battle.[33]

Memorial
William Henry Harrison returned to the battlefield in 1835 to give speeches during his first presidential campaign. Part of his speech called for the creation of a memorial to preserve the battle site. John Tipton later purchased the land to preserve it and the mission school on the hill was purchased by the Methodist Church to be used a seminary school. Tipton left the battlefield to the seminary in his will and they maintained if for many years and built a larger facility at the location in 1862. In 1908, Indiana commissioned the creation of a 80 feet (24 m) high obelisk memorial. By the 1920s the site had became primarily a Methodist youth retreat. In 1961 the site held a large centennial commemoration of the battle was held and was attended by an estimated 10,000 people. In the following years the battle site became less trafficked and fell into a degree of disrepair. It was later taken over by the Tippecanoe County Historical Association who now maintains the battleground and the seminary building which now houses a museum dedicated to Battle of Tippecanoe.[34]



1811

General William Henry Harrison[21]’s victory at Tippecanoe began the opening of the Northwest Territory.[22]



November 8, 1823:

Joseph C. GODLOVE Given Name: Joseph C. Surname: Godlove Sex: M _UID: C61873B3D5899240A47C31A63526E2329A20 Change Date: 29 Sep 2003 Birth: 1800 Death: 1859

Marriage 1 Hannah BUMGARDNER

Married:

Children

Abraham GODLOVE b: JUNe 18, 1818 in Virginia

Elizabeth GODLOVE b: MAY 21, 1819 in Ohio

John GODLOVE b: NOVember 8, 1823 in Ohio

Sarah GODLOVE b: BEF 1830

Child GODLOVE b: 1830

Nancy GODLOVE b: DECember 25, 1830 in Ohio

Perry GODLOVE b: JUNe 4, 1832 in Guernsey co, Oh.

Baby GODLOVE b: AFT OCTober 1833

Henry GODLOVE b: SEPtember 12, 1837 in Delaware co, In.[23]

Joseph and Margaret Godlove appear to have moved to Ohio



Tues. November 8[24], 1864

Election[25] rained some had a good time

Got a letter from MR Hunter[26]



November 8, 1880

• Rudolf Gottlieb, born November 8, 1880 in Budapest. Resided. Leipzig. Deportation: from Leipzig June 18, 1943 to Theresienstadt. Date of death: November 28,1943[27]

• November 8, 1941: Clara Gottlieb, nee Horneburg born February 19, 1879 in Kiel. Resided Hamburg. Deportation: from Hamburg November 8, 1941 to Minsk. Missing. Killed at Tuchinka? [28]

• November 8, 1941: Herman Gottlieb, January 9, 1881 in Hamburg. Resided Hamburg. Deportation: from Hamburg November 8, 1941, to Minsk. Missing. Killed at Tuchinka? [29]

• November 8, 1941: Johann Gottlieb, born November 29,1880 in Gro?. Meseritsch . Resided Hamburg. Deportation: from Hamburg, November 8, 1941, to Minsk. Killed at Tuchinka? [30]

• November 8, 1941: The establishment of a ghetto in Lvov, Ukraine is ordered.[31]

• November 8, 1942: American and British forces invade North Africa; Operation “Torch” is under way.[32]

•



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• [1] Engineering an Empire, The Byzantines, HISTI, 2006.

• [2] The Historical Jesus for Dummies, by Catherine M. Muphy, page 308.

[3] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/04.html

• [4] Your People, My People by A. Roy Eckardt, page 16.

• [5] Jewish Jewels, march 8, page 2.

[6] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 25.

[7] The Diaries of George Washington. Vol.3. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978.

[8] Dunmore had arrived at Fort Pitt about the end of August, and for several weeks was occupied in fruitless negotiations with the Delaware, Mingo, and Shawnee chiefs, the latter of whom were requested to meet him and make a treaty somewhere lower down the Ohio (Amer. Archives. 4th series, I, pp. 873-875. Accordingly the governor, with seven hundred men, set out in canoes, while five hundred more, under the command of Maj. William Crawford, marched by land where they arrived September 30 (Washington-Crawford Letters, pp. 54, 97). From this point Crawford marched to the mouth of Hockhocking, and crossing his forces began a small stockade named Fort Gower, in honor of the English earl of that name. This fort was on the upper or east side of the Hockhocking, quite near the junction of the two rivers. See Hildreth, Pioneer History of Ohio Valley (Cincinnati, 1848), p. 93. A few days later, the remainder of the army arrived, under Denmore’s immediate command; but no Indians appeared, save White-Eyes, the friendly Delaware, and John Montour, the former of whom was sent with a message to the Shawnee. They soon returned, bringing word of the absence of their warriors, who “had gone to the Southward to speak with the army there.” Oct 10, the sound of musketry was heard at Fort Gower; and the following day Dunmore took up his march for the Indian towns, hoping to get between them and the warrior’s band. The army camped the first night at Federal, and the second at Sunday Creek, both in Athens County. At he third camp, near the village of Nelsonville, news was brought from Lewis of his victory which occasioned great joy among the troops. See Draper MSS., 3S5-17. Two days later, a messenger from Cornstalk appeared, suing for peace; but next day the army advanced to the bank of Scippo Creek, on what was later the Winship farm, in the southwest quarter of section twelve, township twelve, rangfe twenty-one where a rude camp was formed, named by the governor for the English queen, Camp Charlotte. The name was written with red chalk on a peeled sapling and placed in the centre of the enclosure. At Camp Charlotte, the negotiations with the Shawnee chiefs had made considerable progress, when the approach of Lewis’s army alarmed the Indians. Dunmore’s War by Thwaites and Kellog pg302

[9] In later years, Col. Andrew Lewi’s son wrote to Dr Campbell that his father was obliged to double or trebnle the guard around his tent, while the governor was present, in order to preserve him from the wrath of the backwoods soldiers, who were incensed at being turned back when in sight of their prey. See Va. Hist. Register, I, p. 32. Dunmore’s War by Thwaites and Kellog pg. 302.

[10] This was the expedition led by Maj. William Crawford, which conducted the only offensive action of Dunmore’s division of the army. George Rogers Clark and Joseph Bowman, later concerned with the capture of the Illinois, were members of this party. The town visited by them was known as Seekonk, or Salt Lick Town (sometimes Hill Town), and was situated on the west bank of the Scioto, near Columbus, about opposite the Ohio state penitentiary. Two other small Mingo villages were in the vicinity. For account of this raid written, by the leader, see Washington-Crawford Letters, pp. 55, 56. The numbers of men and enemy killed differ slightly from Christian’s account. From traditions of this event, see Lee, City of Columbus (N. Y. and Chicago, 1892), pp. 97-99. Dunmore’s War, by Thwaites and Kellogg

[11] The booty taken was sold for ₤35, 11 shillings, 3 pence. See Journal of Virginia House of Delegates, Dec. 9, 1776. Dunmore’s War by Thwaites and Kellogg.

[12] Probably Horse-head Bottom town, situated on Pine Creek, an affluent of the Little Scioto in the county of that name. This was the Mingo Town that the party from the neighborhood of Wheeling started to attack in April, 1774, from which enterprise they were dissuaded by Capt. Michael Cresap. See Mayer, Logn and Cresap, pp. 88, 150. Dunmore’s War by Thwaites and Kellogg. P. 304.

[13] Compare with these terms those reported by Crawford (Washington-Crawford Letters, p. 54), and Dunmores account in his letter of Dec.24, post. Three of the hostages were Chenusaw, also called “the Judge,” Cuttenwa, and Newa. Dunmore’s War by Thwaites and Kellogg. Pp. 304-305.

[14] The following brief biography of Logan is abridged from a manuscript life in the Draper MSS., 2D, chap. 12. The father of Logan was a French child who, captured when quite young, had been adopted into the Oneida tribe, and became a chief of much influence among the Indians of the Susquehann. Logan’s mother was a Cayuga, hence this was his tribe. For many years he lived at Shamokin (now Sunbury), in the Susquehanna valley, and was usually known as John Shikellimo, his appellation Logan being in honor of James Logan, secretary of the province; his Indian name was Tachnechdorus (branching oak of the forest). During the French and Indian War he maintained a strict neutrality, even seeking refuge in Philadelphia from the wiles of the savage allies of the French. Obliged to abandon his ancestrial home, he lived in various places in Pennsylvania, for several years in the Kishacoquillas valley, whose pioneers later told tales of his kindness, generosity, and general goodwill except when under the influence of liquor. About 1772, he removed to the Ohio, and it was at his town on Yellow Creek that the affray occurred on April 30, 1774, that has been cited as the occasion for Dunmore’s War. Having glutted his vengeance by four prolonged raids, during the summer after the negotiations with Lord Dunmore for peace had begun. The date of his arrival, as here given by Christian, is proof that he was not in the battle at Point Pleasant. Noticing his absence, Lord Dunmore sent his interpreter, John Gibson, to bring him to the conference. Logan refused to go, and upon that occasion delivered the now famous speech, so generally quoted as an example of Indian eloquence, to which Jefferson paid high tribute in his “Notes on Virginia”. There grew up an animated controversy concerning the genuineness of this speech, and its attribution of the murder to Cresap. It is now admitted that the substance of the speech, as it has come down to us, was actually delivered by Logan, but that he was mistaken in attributing the murder of his family to Cresap. See Jacob, Life of Cresap; Mayer, Logan and Cresap (especially documents in appendix to edition of 1867); Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 236-239, 347-352. The rest of Logan’s life is sunk in obscurity. He removed to Pluggy’s Town, on the Scioto, then to the watersof Mad River, in Logan County, and later to the neighborhood of Detroit. He saved Kenton from the stake in 1778, and the next year was recognized in a savage raiding party in southwest Virginia. See Draper MSS., 5QQ11. He was killed by one of his own relatives on his way home from Detroit in 1780. His epitaph may be given in his own statement, that “he knew he had two souls, the one good and the other bad; when the good soul had the ascendant, he was kind and humane, and when the bad soul ruled, he was perfectly savage, and delighted in nothing but blood and carnage.” See Amer. Pioneer, I, p. 350. Dunmore’s War, Thwaites and Kellogg pp. 305-306

[15] See letter of Arthur St. Clair, Dec. 4, 1774 in Penna. Archives, iv, pp. 386, 387. p. 306.

[16] Dunmore’s War, by Thwaites and Kellogg, pp. 301-307

[17] According to a note on the manuscript, written by Dr. Draper, this attack occurred Nov. 4, 1777. The following details are given in a contemporary journal written at Ligonier during the autumn of 1777. See George A. Albert, Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, i8g6), ii, pp.

244, 245: “[Novr.] 5th. The Light Horse Men return’d with the news that yesterday about 11 o’clock Wallace’s Fort was attacked by a number of Indians on one Side while a White Man on the Other Side came wading up the Tail Race of his Mill with a Red Flag which seem’d to be intended as a deception for the attack. When the Man appear’d open to the Fort in the instant of the Attack ~ Balls were fir’d thro’ him. 2 of the Balls went thro’ 2 Letters he had ty’d in a Bag which was hung round his Neck down his Breast. * From what cou’d be discover’d by the Letters they were proclamations from Detroit to the same amount of those found with Col. Campbell. The same day the People about Palmers Fort were fir’d on.”—ED.

[18] This is an inaccurate account of the attack, October 22, on Fort Mercer in New Jersey, by a body of Hessians under Count von Donop. Col. Christopher Greene, in command of the fort, repulsed the enemy with great loss. He was assisted by Commodore Hazelwood. whose batteries fired into the British ship “Augusta”, 64 guns, causing a great explosion that destroyed the vessel. The “Merlin” was likewise burned. These events occurred the day after the attack on Fort Mercer. Billingsport, where the stockade was unfinished, had been abandoned by the Americans several days previous to this attack. ED.

[19] Draper Series, Volume III, Frontier Defense on the Upper Ohio, 1777-1778 by Reuben Gold Thwaites, L.LO. D and Louise Phelp Kellogg, Ph D, Wisconsin State Historical Society pgs. 151-153.

[20] This Winnebago chief (Wakawn, or the Snake), a follower of Tecumseh, was in the Battle of Tippecanoe when General Harrison’s troops stormed the Prophet’s town in the autumn of 1811. He was wounded but escaped to Fort Malden where he fought with the Shawnee leader on the side of the British until peace was declared.

The Snake, as he was known on the frontier, denounced the commander of the fort for leaving his Indian allies to the mercy of the Americans, then crossed the border to make his own peace with the United States. He endorsed Indian removal and according to Colonel McKenney “was the first Winnebago of any note who crossed the river [Mississippi]…”

When an Indian school was established at Prairie du Chien in 1834, the Snake insisted all the children in his nation must attend. To set an example he asked the Reverend David Lowry, a missionary who had devotee his life to the Winnebago, to teach him English and rudimentary facts about farming,.

He had an immediate confrontation with other Winnebago chiefs who denounced him for accepting the ways of the white man. Colonel McKenney gives no details but claims on one occasion that the Snake “defended his opinions at the risk of his life.”

He alo did what few Indians, chiefs, or warriors whould ever dare to do;’ he tossed aside his blanket and helped his wife plow their fields.

He wisely advised Lowry not to waste his time on the older Winnebago but to consentrateon the yong. Indians who had spent all their adult lives in the free and easy life on the plains would never take up the plow, he warned the clergymean, but their children might listen to him.

To show its apprecitation of the Snak’s attempts to abandon his ways, the government built him a log house with a chimney and fireplace. When the agent returned a few months later he was startled to see smoke coming from the the center of roof. He ddiscovered the Snake had ripped out the floor, used the lumber for his cook fire that was in the center of the room, and cut a smoke hole in the roof. As the agent advised McKenney, the Snake now had a log tepee.

Whiskey was a problem among the Winnegago, and the Snake was the best customer at the Prairie du Chien’s trading post. One winter’s night he drank himself into insensibility and died of pleurisy. His drinking companions soon made his grave a favorite meeting spot. An indignant Colonel McKenney wrote: “[They] gather around it and pour whiskey on the ground, for the benefit of the departed spirit, which is supposed to return and mingle in their orgies.”

Even the most superstitious Winnebago never reportede seeing the Snak’s spirit returning for a drink, but after his death his wife became a fierce foe of all whiskey traders. She learned English from Doctor Lowry, cultivated her farm, and raised the Snak’s sons, threatening to shoot anyone she found with a cup of whiskey.

McKenney recalled: “Winnebago like, he was always ready to fight, except when the Sioux look upon them in a war attitude. He wears a snake sken around his head indicating his name.”

Painter: Original by James Otto Lewis, Fond du Lac council, 1826, and copied later in Washington by A. Ford.

(The McKenney-Hall Portrait Gallery of American Indians, by James D. Horan.

[21] William Henry Harrison

H O M E S T A T E Ohio P A R T Y Whig T E R M I N O F F I C E March 4, 1841- April 4, 1841 V I C E P R E S I D E N T John Tyler _ Harrison became the first president to die in office when he died of pneumonia 32 days after his inaugural celebration. S I G N I F I C A N T A C T S Harrison died only 32 days after taking office and carried out no significant acts. C A R E E R 1791 Left medical school to fight in the Indian Wars. 1800-1812 Served as territorial governor of Indiana. 1811 Defeated Native American forces at the Battle of Tippecanoe, earning the nickname "Old Tippecanoe." 1813 Recaptured the city of Detroit from the British during the War of 1812. 1816-1819 Represented Ohio in the U.S. House of Representatives. 1825-1828 Represented Ohio in the U.S. Senate. March 4- April 4, 1841 President of the United States. _ Harrison's father signed the Declaration of Independence and his grandson became the 23rd president of the United States. _ Harrison's 8578-word inaugural address is the longest on record.

"William H. Harrison Quick Facts," Microsoft’ Encarta’ Encyclopedia 2000. b 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All

[22] Ci.springfield.us/profile/history.html

[23] http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mp648&id=I9416

[24] November 8th. Today the recruiting officer has again made his appearance and is working hard to get men to enlist in the rebel army. Every inducement is working hard to get men to enlist in the rebel army. Every inducement is held out to Union prisoners to take the oath of allegiance to the Southern Confederacy. They take advantage of the awful despondency which prevails among the prisoners, telling us that they have not the wherewithal to feed us, and that our government at Washington will not consent to an exchange of prisoners. A few of the poor boys are won over b these lying statements-but, only a few and these have to run the gauntlet of flying clubs and other misseles. The great majority prefer death to disloyalty.

The large brick building and one of the frame builldings are full to overflowing with sick men. To look in upon them is to witness a sight that is heart-rending beyond expression. The lower story of the brick building has only a dirt floor. On this the sick are placed in rows running the full length of the room. At one time a very little straw partially protected the poor, sick bodies from contact with the dampness and filthiness of the dirt floor, but the straw has become so broken and scattered by long use and no replenishment that it no longer affords any protection. The dust is so very thick and si so full of vermin that they are seen crawling around like ants on a ant-hill. The suffering of the helpless sick is fearful to contemplate, and the sight enough to make one's blood run cold. It is not an uncommon thing to see sick men who are so weak that they cannot brush the vermin away, completely covered with them, face, whiskers, hair in fact the whole body, is devoured and tormented by the pests. No effort whatever is made by the prison authorities to cleanse the place or give any protection to the sick and tormented men. Their living hell is called a "Hospital," and the villains who are in charge of it are called "men ." What a travesty on truth and justice.

The second story of this story of this building is also used for the sick. It differs from the lower story only by having a floor, but so far as dirt and vermin are concerned, it shows no improvment whatever. On this floor also the sick are laid in rows and so closely packed together that there is no room to step beween the bodies. The ventilation in this room being very poor, words cannot describe the terrible odor which filled its atmosphere, and which the poor fellows were compelled to breath day and night. No man ever left the pen, however feeble he might be, who had a friend to attend his wants, or render him aid of any kind. The only advantage gained by going into one of these buildings is shelter from the storms, and even this is counterbalanced by being brought into immediate contact with such masses of filth and contaminating disease that the open stockade was a much more decent and comfortable place, even for sick men than their boasted "hospital." (Dark Days of the Rebellion by Benjamin F. Booth and Steve Meyer pages 105-106.)



One prisoner who served on a burial detail in November recalled that after being stripped of all servicable clothing, the dead were piled up "like hogs" and then simply heaved into mass graves, where they were "covered with a few shovelfuls of dirt." A local minister who viewed the spectacle shamefully recorded that "they throw them in the graves like dogs." (While in the Hands of the Enemy, Military Prisons of the Civil War by Charles W. Sanders, Jr. 2005.)



[25]On the 8th of November, 1864, the officers and men of the regiment recorded their choice for President of the United States, with the following result: Whole number of votes cast, 303, of which Abraham Lincoln received 285 and George B. McClellan 18.

Http//usgennet.org/usa/ia/county/linn/civil war/24th/24 history p2.htm

Abraham Lincoln is re-elected president, defeating Democrat George B. McClellan. Lincoln carries ? percent of the popular vote and 212 of 233 electoral votes. “I earnestly believe that the consequences ? to the lasting advantage, if not the very salvation, of the country,” Lincoln tells supporters.

http://www.civilwar.com/timeline/

Theopolis McKinnon voted for Lincoln again. Theopolis McKinnon, August 6, 1880, London, Ohio. History of Clark County, page 384.

[26] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove

• [27] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.

[28] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1768.

[29] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,. [2] Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1768.

• [30] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1768.

• [31] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1769.

• [32] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1774