Tuesday, March 8, 2011

This Day in Goodlove History, March 8

• This Day in Goodlove History, March 8

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com



• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove



• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.



• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx



• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/



• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.



• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.



• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.



A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com and that will take them right to it.





Birthdays on this date; Katherina M. LeClere, Peter Kirby, Benjamin R. Henry C. Godlove, B. Godlove, Hamilton P. Franks.



Weddings on this date; Blanche E. Hannah and Edgar E. Buckingham.



I GET EMAIL!





In a message dated 2/21/2011 11:12:37 A.M. Central Standard Time, jfunkhouser2@woh.rr.com writes:

Jeff:



This excerpt from Footnote.com, from your This Day… Feb 21, is not inaccurate, but it simplifies and distorts the truth.



“February 21, 1848: Karl Marx published the "Communist Manifesto." Marx was not Jewish but his father was. This fact has not stopped a myriad of anti-Semites including Adolph Hitler from equating Judaism with Communism.”



Far more that Marx’s ethnicity, it was Jewish association with Europe’s socialist and communist movements that allowed anti-Semites and anti-socialists to unite on Jews as an enemy.



Here’s just a sample of some of the more prominent socialist and communist--and Jewish--leaders:

· Rosa Luxemburg, co-founder of the German Communist Party

· Daniel De Leon, leader of the American Socialist Labor Party

· Ferdinand Lassalle, founder of the German Workers’ Party

· Leon Trotsky (Lev Bronstein), Lev Kaminev (Lev Rozenfeld), and Grigory Zinoviev, leading associates of Lenin in the Russian Revolution. Trotsky and Kaminev were two of the five members of the first Russian Politiburo.

· Eduard Bernstein, a member of the German SDP, and a founder of “revisionist” socialism that stressed reform without revolution



“Jews have been prominently identified with the modern Socialist movement from its very inception,” says the Jewish Encyclopedia.com.



Irving Howell, in World of Our Fathers, has a chapter on Jewish socialism in America’s urban ghettos.



The appeal to Jews of socialism in its various forms was largely the product of their concern for social justice, encouraged by the Old Testament prophets, Hillel’s injunction "That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow,” and by their own history of persecution in Europe. Socialism, even its communist form, began as efforts to reform society, seeking equality and humane conditions for the masses.



Those who hated social reform could undermine it by linking it to Jews and appealing to ant-Semitism; those who were anti-Semites could win support from the defenders of unregulated capitalism by associating Jews with socialism and communism .



I hope you don’t mind the “history lesson.” Although I’ve retired from teaching history, a habit of 41 years is hard to break.



Jim



February 21, 1848: Karl Marx published the "Communist Manifesto. " Marx was not Jewish but his father was. This fact has not stopped a myriad of anti-Semites including Adolph Hitler from equating Judaism with Communism.[1][26]



[2][26] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/





Jim, Thanks for the History Lesson! Your comments and insights are always welcome. I think that in Russia it was as we see on this day in 1917, a very complicated situation for anyone, at that time. As the political winds began to shift you can see how volatile it was. A good movie that shows this is as it relates to the Jews is “Fiddler on the Roof.” Jeff Goodlove



This Day…



March 8, 1126: Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of Castile and Leon, after the death of his mother Urraca. Under the reign of Alfonso Christian Spain “became a refuge for the persecuted Andalusian Jews. The capital city of Toledo became a new center for Jewish learning. The major reason for this positive turn of fortune for the Jews was the king’s positive relationship with Yehuda Ibn-Ezra. After taking the fortress of Calatrava, the king appointed Ibn-Ezra as its commander as a reward for his bravery. Ibn-Ezra used his influence to create a refuge for the Jews who were fleeing Almohades, a religiously fervent Berber Moslem dynasty that had crossed into Spain after successful conquests in parts of North Africa. Those who equate the Golden Age of Spain with Moslem rule would do well to remember that life for the Jews was much more varied than that.[3]





March 8, 1688: On this night a large group of secret Jews planned to escape from the island of Majorca by booking passage on an English ship. They were looking for religious freedom. A storm delayed their departure, and their plan was betrayed. All those planning to leave were put in prison. In the spring of 1691 these prisoners were sentenced at an auto-de-fe, where 37 were burned at the stake.[4]



1688-1691



Ancestor Major Lawrence Smith’s services were as follows: Member of House of Burgesses from Gloucester County, Virginia, 1688-1691.[5]





March 8, 1692



The Winch Ancestors at the Salem Witch Trials.



"At an adjournment of the Gen. Court of their Maj. Colony of the Mass. Bay, in Boston, March 8, 1691-2:



"In answer to the petition of the selectmen of Sudbury, ordered: that the outdwellers adjoining unto the said Town, comprehended within the line beginning at Matth. Rice's, from thence to Cornet Wm. Brown's, Corporal Henry Rice's, Thomas Drury's, Tho. Walker, Jun., John How, and Samuel Winch's (not belonging to any other towne), be annexed unto the Town of Sudbury, and continue to bear their part of all duties, and partake of all priviledges there, as formerly, until further order."[6]



1692

1692. This year is memorable, as the date of the outbreak of the celebrated Witchcraft delusion; in the course of which, the lives of many innocent persons were sacrificed to a "blind zeal and superstitious credulity." It is so far connected with our present history, as having caused the emigration, soon after, to this Plantation, from Salem village, now Danvers, of the families of Clayes and Nurse, who, with their descendants, still remaining in the town, have been useful and respected members of the community. They settled about a mile W. from the centre of the Plantation, and the neighborhood has since been known by the name of SALEM END.



The melancholy delusion referred to, commenced in Essex County--the chief seat of its violence--Feb. 1691-2, in the family of Mr. Parris, a minister of Salem Village, and soon spread into other parts of the Colony. It was communicated to this country from England, where several years before had been published Glanvil's Witch Stories, and the trials of the Suffolk Witches, books which circulated in New England, and with the added authority of so great a man as Sir Matthew Hale, who countenanced the superstition, made a deep impression upon the minds of the grave people who dwelt amidst the gloom of the wilderness, and were harassed by continual privation and danger. Among the numerous families who suffered from this infatuation, were the two above named. March 1, 1692, Rebecca, wife of Francis Nurse, and Sarah, wife of Peter Clayes, of Salem Village, were committed with others to the prison in Boston, on the charge of witchcraft. The fate of the former was singularly unhappy. At her trial the jury could not agree in a verdict, and on the second return to the Court had not found her guilty. Persisting, however, in her refusal to answer certain questions, about an expression she had used, her silence was made constructive proof of guilt, and she was accordingly condemned to death. She was excommunicated July 3, from the old church of Salem, and on the 19th of the same month was hung. Many testimonials were given of her good character and domestic worth, without effect. The 31st of the following month, the wife of Mr. Clayes was removed to the Ipswich prison; but the fury of the delusion abating, she escaped with her life, having, as tradition says, been conveyed by night to Framingham. Mary Easty, a sister of Rebecca Nurse, (as was Sarah Clayes), also Abigail Williams, probably the sister or niece of Mr. Clayes, appear to have been implicated, in the course of events. It is painful to reflect, that this delusion was encouraged by men of high distinction in the Colony, both in the church and state. One of them (Judge Sewall) afterwards bewailed his participation in it, and asked "pardon of God and man." [7]



The gradual increase of settlers at Lanham and the E. part of Framingham, on the borders of Sudbury, some of whom probably attended public worship in that town, without bearing their due portion of town charges, led the selectmen of that place, in 1691, to apply to the General Court for relief. The following order was accordingly passed.





1692

"This was apparently the second emigration of Andrew Vance to America as we find in a letter dated 19 June 1955. Dr. Charles A. Vance of Lexington, Ky., a descendant of Andrew Vance wrote as follows:



"The fourth son of John and Mary Vance of Coagh, was Andrew Vance. He brought his bride, Jane Newell, to America in 1692 coming to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and set up a mercantile establishment. When their third child was born the mother and infant died and were buried there near their home in Lancaster Co., Pa. Then he took Willie and Sarah home to his parents in Ireland. While there he like other pioneers, took another wife, Jane Hogue, and she bore him eight children, among them being Samuel..."[8]







Ø Andrew Vance is the compilers 8th great grandfather.



March 8, 1768: In the Netherlands, synagogues held services of thanks-giving on the day that “King William V entered the legislature on the day of his majority.” “Under the government of William V the country was troubled by internal dissensions; the Jews, however, remained loyal to him” and William did not forget the loyalty of his Jewish subjects.[9]





March 7 and 8., 1771: George Washington Journal: At my Brothers all day writing Instructions & dispatches for Captn. Crawford the Surveyor of our 200,000 Acs. of Land.





March 8, 1782: Michael Huffuagle writing from Hannastown, March 8, 1782, says: “The savages last Sunday three weeks took into captivity two families upon Raccoon and Short creeks below Pittsburgh. I am afraid the first good weather we may expect a stroke upon some of our frontiers here.”[10]



March 8, 1782: On this day in 1782, 160 Pennsylvania militiamen murder 96 Christian Indians--39 children, 29 women and 28 men--by hammering their skulls with mallets from behind as they kneel unarmed, praying and singing, in their Moravian Mission at Gnadenhuetten in the Ohio Country. The Patriots then piled their victims' bodies in mission buildings before burning the entire community to the ground. Two boys managed to survive, although one had lost his scalp to his attackers. Although the militiamen claimed they were seeking revenge for Indian raids on their frontier settlements, the Indians they murdered had played no role in any attack.

This infamous attack on non-combatants led to a loss of faith in the Patriots by their Indian allies and reprisals upon Patriot captives in Indian custody. The Indians resurrected the practice of ritualized torture, discontinued during the Seven Years' War, on the men they were able to apprehend who had participated in the Gnadenhuetten atrocity.

Although the Moravians and their Indian converts were pacifists who refused to kill under any circumstances, they found other ways to assist the Patriot cause. Like other Indian allies who refused to kill fellow Indians, they aided the Patriots by working as guides and spies. The German Moravian missionaries were also supplying the Americans with critical information, for which they were later arrested and tried by the British.

None of this protected the Indians when 160 members of the Pennsylvania militia decided to act as judge, jury and executioner. The Delaware Indians they murdered were neutral pacifists. Their Christian missionaries were aiding the Patriot cause. Furthermore, they did not live in the manner described as savage by European settlers--they were instead engaged in European-style settled agriculture in their mission village. There was no political, religious or cultural justification for the militiamen's indiscriminate brutality during the Gnadenhuetten massacre; the incident is sadly illustrative of the anti-Indian racism that sometimes trumped even political allegiances during the American Revolution.[11]

March 8, 1802: In the battle of Marengo the Guard transitioned to a battle formation. When Bonaparte became First Consul he wrote that his plans for the Guard were for it to become the model of the entire army. By a new decree of March 8, 1802, Bonaparte supplemented the new organization of the Guard:
“Art. I
In the future the Guard will be made up ... of foot grenadiers and foot chasseurs,
each made up of a staff, with 2 battalions; and each battalion, of 8 companies.
A regiment of horse grenadiers composed of a staff with 4 squadrons of 2 companies each.
A regiment of horse chasseurs, made up temporarily of 2 squadrons, 2 companies each one, with its staff.
A horse artillery squadron, with a staff and company of foot artillery.”
Art. IX
There will be a Company of Veterans, formed of the officers, NCOs and privates who will have served 3 years in the Consular Guard, and have been judged out of shape to continue on active service; their pay will be the same as that of the foot grenadiers."
Art. XXXIII
The soldier intended to belong to the Consular Guard must meet the following conditions, i.e.:

· to be on active service.

· to have made at least 4 campaigns,

· to have obtained rewards granted to brave men by feat of arms or brilliant deed, or to have been wounded

· to be at least 1 meter 8 decimeters (5'6") tall for grenadiers, and at least 1 meter 7 decimeters for the chasseurs

· and to always have held an irreproachable conduct.”

In 1802 Napoleon submitted a permanent schedule of recruitment for Consular Guard: 1 man from each battalion.

"1802 was a wonderful year. During its course Bonaparte filled the French with the 'joy of revival' ... It was the year of the Code, of the general peace ... and of Bonaparte's appointment to the consulate for life. ... Now he was pleased to change the name of the Guard of the Consuls to the 'Consular Guard', or simply 'The Guard.' ... Bonaparte outlined the organizaon as follows: 'The foot Guard shall be composed of two corps containing 2 battalions of grenadiers and two of chasseurs respectively ... ' Though these corps contained but one regiment each, their designation as such indicated that their strength would eventually be increased. Colonel Hulin was given command of the grenadiers. A veteran soldier ... one of the authentic stormers of the Bastille." (Lachoque - "Anatomy of Glory" pp 24-25) [12]

Ancestor Joseph LeClere was said to have been one of Napolean’s Bodyguards.

Tues. March 8[13], 1864 (William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove)

Drilled. Company drill and inspection

Got our guns[14] – saw the first pontoon bridges – had beans for dinner – felt first

Rate



March 8, 1865 (William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove

It was at Laurel Hill that Sherman took steps to communicate with Federal troops at Wilmington and to arrange for a conjunction of his own forces with those of Gen. John M. Schofield at Goldsboro. Sherman ordered two messengers to Wilmington by different routes with identical dispatches, even though he had not yet received definite word that Wilmington had fallen.

In fact, Schofield arrived at New Bern from Wilmington on the same day that Sherman dispatched his messengers. Because much of his Twenty-third Corps was still en route to the Kinston area from the south, Schofield ordered Cox to maintain a cautious defensive posture while awaiting its arrival.



During the voyage to Morehead City, North Carolina, both regiments were nearly lost at sea. The Delaware was built with an overhang like a river ferry and was in very poor repair. Encountering heavy seas off Cape Fear, the ship nearly foundered. Water poured into the lower decks where most of the regiment was quartered. A serious leak developed, and the pumps were kept constantly going. The 24th held what many felt would be their last prayer meeting, and one man crawled up and embraced the anchor for safety. Fortunately a protected inlet was reached before the pumps failed.[15]



March 8, 1906

(Jordon’s Grove) Miss Cora Goodlove closed a very successful term at Rose Hill school.[16]



March 8, 1917: W.S. Beels, the editor of the Hopkinton Leader, helped publicize the issue by giving extensive coverage to and commenting favorably on a bill introduced by /Representative Lenocker of Madison County to correct flaws in the consolidation law: “Mr. Lenocker contends that the original intent of the law…was to encourage and establish community centers in rural communities rather than contribute to improving the town and city schools. He says that of the 209 consolidated districts in the state only 39 of them are strictly rural and he believes that if boys and girls are to be encouraged to remain on the farm the fewer rural communities that are hooked up with the town schools the better. For this reason he urges consolidation in rural communities, separate and distinct from towns and cities.[17]

To follow up on these efforts at rekindling interest in school consolidation in Buck Creek, Chalice arranged for Professor K. W. Buell, superintendent of the rural consolidated school at Randalia in nearby Fayette County, to give a lecture at the Buck Creek Church on the role of school consolidation in rural community revitalization. No doubt Chalice invited Buell because the school at Randalia was the nearest open country consolidated school in an area quite similar to Buck Creek in a number of important respects. There, as in Buck Creek, dairying was the dominant agricultural activity. It was an area of relatively small farms, and, perhaps most important, it was a Methodist community. The announcement of the event in Chalice’s weekly column in the Leader read: “Don’t forget Friday night. Prof. K. W. Buell, superintendent of the consolidated schools at Randalia will give al lecture in the church next Friday, the 9th, on ‘Our Rural Schools.’ All school directors, parents, and all others interested in the education of the children are invited to the presentation you that are satisfied with our present schools come. You that object to consolidated schools, come. Let’ em all come…”[18]

In the same column, Chalice also announced that he would lead off a series of Lenten service with a sermon entitled “The Country Slums,” dealing “especially with the conditions of home life in rural communities.” This was an unusual topic to begin that most holy of Christian seasons, especially for a self professed evangelist. Nonetheless, it was an appropriate follow up to Buell’s talk two days earlier on rural community modernization. Regarding his sermon, Chalice opined, “Every parent in the community should hear this.”[19]



March 8, 1917: In Russia, the February Revolution (known as such because of Russia's use of the Julian calendar) begins when riots and strikes over the scarcity of food erupt in Petrograd. One week later, centuries of czarist rule in Russia ended with the abdication of Nicholas II, and Russia took a dramatic step closer toward communist revolution.

By 1917, most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of the czarist regime. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward, and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma, the Russian parliament established after the Revolution of 1905, when it opposed his will. However, the immediate cause of the February Revolution--the first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917--was Russia's disastrous involvement in World War I. Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Meanwhile, the economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort, and moderates joined Russian radical elements in calling for the overthrow of the czar.

On March 8, 1917, demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now known as St. Petersburg). Supported by 90,000 men and women on strike, the protesters clashed with police but refused to leave the streets. On March 10, the strike spread among all of Petrograd's workers, and irate mobs of workers destroyed police stations. Several factories elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet, or "council," of workers' committees, following the model devised during the Revolution of 1905.

On March 11, the troops of the Petrograd army garrison were called out to quell the uprising. In some encounters, regiments opened fire, killing demonstrators, but the protesters kept to the streets, and the troops began to waver. That day, Nicholas again dissolved the Duma. On March 12, the revolution triumphed when regiment after regiment of the Petrograd garrison defected to the cause of the demonstrators. The soldiers, some 150,000 men, subsequently formed committees that elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet.

The imperial government was forced to resign, and the Duma formed a provisional government that peacefully vied with the Petrograd Soviet for control of the revolution. On March 14, the Petrograd Soviet issued "Order No. 1," which instructed Russian soldiers and sailors to obey only those orders that did not conflict with the directives of the Soviet. The next day, March 15, Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne in favor of his brother Michael, whose refusal of the crown brought an end to the czarist autocracy.

The new provincial government, tolerated by the Petrograd Soviet, hoped to salvage the Russian war effort while ending the food shortage and many other domestic crises. It would prove a daunting task. Meanwhile, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik revolutionary party, left his exile in Switzerland and crossed German enemy lines to return home and take control of the Russian Revolution.[20]

March 8, 1918: Ukrainian mobs massacred the Jews of Seredino Buda.[21]

March 8, 1918: Jews of Gloucher were massacred by Ukrainians. At this point in Russian history, the empire was in chaos. The Czar had been deposed. Kerensky and his Social Democrats were trying to rule the country. The Bolsheviks under Lenin and Trotsky were plotting to replace the Provisional Government. In the mean time, the Ukrainians continued their tradition of anti-Semitism and killing Jews whenever they had the chance.[22]







March 8, 2011: Goodlove (Cohen) DNA Final 6!

Two more names should really be added to the Goodlove DNA Final Four at this point. They are Gottlober and Nemoyten. The reason they are left off for now is that they only have a 12 marker test, and we really need more information that a 64 marker analysis would give us in terms of Genetic Distance. Both Gottlober and Nemoyten have the same genetic distance of (1) from Godlove as Weber, and Schlenker at the 12 marker test. Goodlove has a genetic distance of 2 from Godlove at the twelve marker test. What I am saying is that is important at this stage for all six to be at the 64 marker test level so we can see where we are at.

Jeff Goodlove



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------





[3] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[4]

[5]Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1659-1693. Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence, pg 300.

[6]A History of Framington, Massachusetts, http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/_glc_/3256/3256_33.html

[7] (*) I M. H. Coll. x. GenealogyLibrary.com Main Page Page 33

[8] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett, p. 1820.3

[9]

[10] Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield, 1882.

[11] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pennsylvania-militiamen-senselessly-murder-patriot-allies

[12] http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/IMPERIAL_GUARD_infantry_1.htm

[13] Late afternoon on Tuesday, March 8, 1864 at Willard’s Hotel two blocks down Pennsylvania Avenue from the White House, here where one morning two years ago in one of the upper rooms, Julia Ward Howe had written her “Battle Hymm of the Republic,” U.S. Grant and his son arrived. He had never met the president although they were both from Illinois and were by now the most famous men in the country.

The Civil War, Red River to Appomattox, by Shelby Foote, page 3.

[14]

1858 Enfield .577 cal

The rifled muskets generally referred to as Enfields got their name from the British government's Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield, England. An Enfield had a bore diameter of .577 inches and weighed 9 lbs 3 ounces with bayonet. It fired a bullet similar to the minie ball and was very accurate at 800 yards and fairly accurate at 1,100 yards. Although called Enfields, they were not made in Enfield since the British government, as owner of the factory, was sensitive about maintaining neutrality and could never sanction such sales to either North or South. Instead, the rifled muskets used in the Civil War were made in England by private contractors in London and Birmingham. A few other models, primarily two-banded rifled equipped with a sword bayonet were also imported from England. Each side imported approximately 400,000 of these weapons during the course of the war -- making them second only to the Springfield in popularity.

24th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Reenactment

http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ia/county/linn/civil_war/24th/24th_re-enactment.htm



[15] Longley, Annals of Iowa (April, 1895, page 48-49, Lucas, Iowa Historical Record (July, 1902, p. 519. (History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 197.)

[16] Winton Goodlove papers.

[17] Although the editorial went out under Beels’s name, it is likely that Chalice either wrote the article or provided Beels with the information.

[18] Hopkinton Leader, March 8, 1917.

[19] There Goes the Neighborhoo, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 166.

[20] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history

[21] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[22] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

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