• This Day in Goodlove History, April 20
• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove
• jefferygoodlove@aol.com
•
• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
•
• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.
•
• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
•
• This project is now a daily blog at:
• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/
• Goodlove Family History Project Website:
• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/
•
• Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.
•
• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
•
A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com and that will take them right to it.
The Goodlove Reunion 2011 will be held Sunday, June 12 at Horseshoe Falls Lodge at Pinicon Ridge Park, Central City, Iowa. This is the same lodge we used for the previous reunions. Contact Linda at pedersen37@mchsi.com
The details for the GOODLOVE FAMILY REUNION were mailed Apr 9, 2011. If you haven't received the information and want to attend, please e-mail 11Goodlovereunion@gmail.com to add your name to the mailing list. RSVP's are needed by May 10.
Birthdays on this date: Keziah Moore, Sherri L. Mendoza, William L. McKee, Elizabeth Lefevre, Mildred Hitchell, Edwin E. Henderson, Nelson Godlove, Elizabeth Godlove, Sarah E. Davidson.
I Get Email:
In a message dated 4/8/2011 8:46:58 P.M. Central Daylight Time, pedersen37@mchsi.com writes:
Hi Jeff, Regarding Calvin's question:
If Calvin will contact me with an e-mail address or a mailing address, I'd be happy to send the information to both him and his dad.
Would you add the following information to your daily e-mail, please?
The details for the GOODLOVE FAMILY REUNION were mailed Apr 9, 2011. If you haven't received the information and want to attend, please e-mail 11Goodlovereunion@gmail.com to add your name to the mailing list. RSVP's are needed by May 10.
Thanks, Linda
Linda, I forwarded Calvin your email address and info so hopefully you guys connected. I haven't returned my RSVP but I will this weekend. Thanks for your hard work on this project. I am looking forward to the Reunion. Jeff
I get Pics!
Lee and friend dressed for class…
In a message dated 4/10/2011 7:14:51 P.M. Central Daylight Time,
Jeff, change Ann's name to Goodlove, as I don't think you list maiden names on any other birthdays.
Jay, I fixed it on the blog. Sorry the computer just prints out maiden names on birthdays. Jeff
In a message dated 4/11/2011 6:07:55 P.M. Central Daylight Time, JPT@donationnet.net writes:
US "Deeply Concerned" Regarding Israeli Settlements
Dear Jeff,
The US government has expressed dismay over Israel's decision to build 942 housing units in Jerusalem. National Security Staff spokesman Tommy Vietor told reporters the government was "deeply concerned" over the decision, calling it "illegitimate." Stop and think how you would feel if some other nation condemned America for the building of apartments for one particular race of people in Washington DC. It's ridiculous—but it's the official position of the Obama Administration.
These inflammatory remarks were made as Israeli President Shimon Peres was in Washington for meetings with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and President Obama try to restart the failed direct peace negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. Meanwhile the Palestinians continue their barrage of missile and mortar attacks against Israel, including the attack on a school bus last week with an anti-tank missile.
Many years ago my dear friend Prime Minister Menachem Begin told me that Jerusalem was the "eternal capital of Israel." He was right then—and what he said is still right today. Jerusalem belongs to Israel by historical right, by the laws of man, and most importantly of all, by the Word of God. Every nation that stands against Israel and curses her will fall under the judgment and condemnation of God. Every nation that blesses Israel will receive the protection and blessing of God.
Your ambassador to Jerusalem,
Dr. Michael Evans
In a message dated 4/12/2011 5:35:29 P.M. Central Daylight Time, JPT@donationnet.net writes:
Egypt Moving to Re-Establish Ties with Iran; Peace Treaty with Israel under Attack
Dear Jeff,
After meeting with top Iranian diplomats this week, Egypt's Foreign Minister, Nabil Elaraby said that Egypt will re-establish full diplomatic ties with Iran. Those ties were broken more than 30 years ago following the Islamic revolution that overthrew the Shah of Iran and installed the violently anti-Israel and anti-American government in Teheran.
The continuing radical nature of Iran's mullahs apparently poses no problem to Egypt's new government. "The Egyptian and Iranian people deserve to have mutual relations reflecting their history and civilization," Elaraby said. The meeting and mutual statements of cooperation and common interests followed the decision by Egypt to allow two Iranian warships to pass through the Suez Canal last month. That was also a first since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979. The Iranian ships included a massive supply ship which docked in Syria for a few days before returning to Iran.
Elaraby said Egypt's goal in the talks was to "achieve common interests." Every move the new governing powers have made has been anti-Israel and pro-Islamist. Christians and other minority groups are being persecuted. The three-decades-old peace treaty between Egypt and Israel is under attack. Now the news that Egypt is cozying up to the terrorists of Teheran signals a further threat to the Jewish state.
Your ambassador to Jerusalem,
Dr. Michael Evans
This Day…
April 20, 121: Birthdate of Marcus Aurelius 16th Roman emperor. The “Philosopher” Emperor reigned from 161-180 and he was a cut above those who came before and after him. But he had a low opinion of the Jews, referring to them as “stinking and tumultuous” as “he rode through Judea.” He reportedly preferred the company of the barbaric Teutons in the north to that of the Jews. This attitude may have been shaped by the difficulty the Romans had in defeating the Jews during their successive rebellions against Rome. Only 25 years before Marcus Aurelius came to power, it had taken the full force of the Roman Empire four years to finally defeat Bar Kochba and Rabbi Akiva.[1]
50-135 A.D.: The great sage Rabbi ‘Aqiva (/50-135 CE) states the Talmudic problem of the ten tribes very clearly in his commentary on Leviticus 26:38 “ and ye shall perish [be lost] among the gentiles.” The passage, says ‘Aqiva, “referes to the tribes exiled to Media [the ten tribes].” The debate here is about the meaning of th e Hebrew woerd avad: does it mean to “perish” (as ‘Aquva, insists), or does it mean to be “exiled” and , therefore, as Neubauer puts it, to be “with the hope of returning”?[2]
132-135 A.D.
Being Jewish at all was becoming increasingly unpopular in the Roman world. During the years 132-135 A.D. a second, even more bloody, Jewish revolt erupted in Palestine during the reign of the Emperor Hadrian. It was led by Simon bar Kosiba, known subsequently in history as Bar Kochba, who had been accepted by many Jews as the Davidic Messiah. As punishment the Romans forbade Jews to even enter the city of Jerusaloem and Hadrian completely rebuilt the city, turned it into a Roman colonty, and renamed it Aelia Capitolina in honor of Jupiter Capitolinus, the patron deity of Rome. A temple dedicated to Jupeter was built over the site of the ruins of the Jewish temple. [3]
135 A.D.
A much weakened Jewish state persisted for several more decades, but in A.D. 135 the Romans put an end even to that. [4]
April 20, 636: At the Battle of Yarmuk the Arabs took control of Syria and Palestine away from the Byzantine Empire. It is considered by some historians to have been one of the most significant battles in the history of the world, since it marked the first great wave of Muslim conquests outside Arabia, and heralded the rapid advance of Islam into Christian Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia. The battle took place only four years after the prophet Muhammad died in 632. Considering the way the Christians had been treating them, the conquest by the Arabs left the Jews in a comparatively better position.[5]
637 A.D. A victory at Kadesiah in 637 gabve the Arabs control of Iraq.[6]
638 A.D.:A victory at Nekhavend gave the Arabs the Iranian plateau. [7]
April 20, 1298: During the civil war between Adolf of Nassau and Albrecht of Austria, German knight Rindfleisch claims to have received a mission from heaven to exterminate “the accursed race of Jews”. Under his leadership, the mob goes from town to town destroying Jewish communities and massacring about 100,000 Jews, often by mass burning at stake. Among 146 localities in Franconia, Bavaria and Austria are Rottingen (April 20), Wurzburg (July 24), Nuremberg (August 1). Source Unknown [8]
April 20, 1303: Pope Boniface VIII issues the bull creating The University of Rome La Sapienza. Considering the fact that Boniface believed in the concept that “Outside the Church, no Salvation” meaning that the key to salvation required membership in the Catholic Church, it is safe to assume that there were no Jewish students or faculty at the school. Relations between the Jews and the school have obviously changed as can be seen by the “wide-ranging cooperation agreement” that was signed by Tel Aviv University and Rome's Sapienza University in March of 2010. The agreement, allows for exchanges of students and professors, as well as joint research projects and master's programs. The Italian economist Franco Modigliani and Zionst Ze'ev Jabotinsky were two of the most prominent Jews to attend the University of Rome during the 20th century.[9]
1306 Jews expelled from France, many going to Provence and Spain.[10]
1306: Because of the actions of the Scottish King, Robert the Bruce in 1306, the same Pope that condemned the Templars, also decreed that Scotland was no longer a part of the Catholic Church. Robert the Bruce had killed a rival in Church and was excommunicated. The Pope had expected that his barons would rise up against him, they didn’t. They were excommunicated. The country didn’t rise up either so the whole country was excommunicated. Robert the Bruce declares war against the British at a time when the Templars have little reason to love England. [11]
The Catholic Church was investigating charges that the Knights Templar was committing heresy. There were charges of sexual deviancy, and worship of other Gods was made. It was an opportunity for King Phillip to rid himself of the Knights.[12]
April 20, 1505: Philibert of Luxembourg expelled the Jews from Orange Burgundy. At this time Luxembourg is ruled by Phillip the Fair, King of Spain - where Jews had been expelled in 1492. Phillip's mother was Marie of Burgundy. In this case the Jews merely seemed to have gotten caught up in the dynastic swirl that was so much of European History prior to the French Revolution.[13]
April 16, 1615: Led by Dr. Chemnitz, the guilds of Worms "non-violently" forced the Jews from the city. Chemnitz was a lawyer and he devised a series of schemes where the Jews were deprived of food and the ability to leave and enter the city. A deputation came to them on what was the seventh day of Pesach and gave them an hour to leave the city. As the Jews left, the thousand year old synagogue and the adjacent burial grounds were attacked and desecrated by the "non-violent" citizens of Worms, Germany.[14]
April 20, 1754
“The 20th.-Came down to Col. Cresap’s [Old Town, Md.] to order the detachment, and on my route had notice that the fort was taken by the French. That news was confirmed by Mr. Ward, the ensign of Capt Trent, who had been obliged to surrender to a body of one thousand French and upwards, unde command of Capt. Contrcooeur, who was came down from Venango with sixty bateaux and three hundred canoes, and who, having planted eighteen pieces of cannon against the fort, afterwards had sent him a summons to depart.”[15]
April 20, 1756.
Sir: I received yours, dispatched last night by Express about two o’clock this morning. There is ammunition already sent up, but I send you more now. I hope ere this, Captain Harrison is safe arrived with you. Let him know it is my Orders, that he return the Horses he took up with him, per the first safe hand that is coming down: and that he transmit me constantly what intelligence he may receive.
I can scarcely give credit to any part of the Report you transmitted to me, from Captain Ashby. If Captain Harrison can, by good woodsmen, get intelligence of the number of the Enemy, and their place of Rendezvous, if near your Station. I would have them endeavour to surprise them in the night, by failing upon them at their sleeping places. Yours, &c.[16]
George Washington to Edward Hubbard, April 20, 1756
April 20, 1756
Sir: You will receive by the Bearer as much powder as I think will suffice: Ball, according to your own account, you have enough of. I am informed by the Bearer, that the Inhabitants at Enoch’s (where your party is garrisoned) are desirous of moving. I would therefore recommend that you may, if you can convey them, and such Stores as are in your Custody, to retreat to Edward’s. If you find this impracticable; Captain Harrison is ordered to send a Sergeant and ten men, to strengthen you, from that place. You are to take care that it is sent for that purpose. I expect in a very little time to have a number of men to relieve the Inhabitants on all the waters: But in case this should not be done: you must give to that poor distressed people, part of the provision which you have for the Garrison: and see that there is the greatest care and economy therein. I am, Sir, &c.[17]
No. 8.—William CRAWFORD TO George WASHINGT0N.
April 20, 1771.
SIR:—Agreeable to your request, I went to view Colonel Croghan’s land; but before it could be done the line was to be run, which I attended and viewed the whole; but I could not find the quantity of land you wanted, nor one thousand acres such as you would like, or such as I would have, to be laid off as he wanted me to lay it off. There was some good land on Raccoon creek, [18](1) along the stream, but it was very hilly off from the creek. The hills are of the poorest sort, all piney, where the bottoms are of any goodness. What land is worth anything is already taken by somebody, whose survey comes within the line we run. But the Colonel is not content with that line, as he thinks it does not include lands enough. I am afraid he has not a proper title to what lie is now claiming; but I will avoid giving him any certain answer about the land as long as I can possibly do so. I have found some good tracts of land on the head of Chartier’s creek and the head of Raccoon creek. It is good, level, farming land, and good meadow, but not that quantity you wanted. I believe I can procure you a tract, in one body of three thousand acres, which is very good, well watered, and about fifteen or twenty miles from the fort. I have not told him where the land lies, and I am afraid to tell him till he runs the line, for I think if he knew of it he would run it in on purpose to have the selling of it to you; as he prides himself much upon it, and makes it a handle to all bargains he is making with other people.
I have told him I have found some land; and if it comes in his land, or within his line, I will agree with him for it. I have run it out, and have hired some hands to work on it, in order to hold it till I know how to come by a right for it; as it is very good. I think you may have between three and four thousand acres in a body—very good land for farming.
You may depend on my being as cautious as you could wish in every particular concerning the soldier lands; and as soon as I can finish the outlines I shall wait on you, which I hope will be by the first of August. I shall then run out lines going down the river and coming back; as then the stream will be low, and I can measure up the beach. You shall hear from me by all safe opportunities. I am, etc.[19]
April 20, 1776: On April 20, Virginia's Royal Governor Lord Dunmore attempted to take the gunpowder from the Williamsburg magazine as part of his attempt to hold on to power in the colony. In response, Henry led the Patriot militia in a standoff with Dunmore's troops until fellow Virginian Patriot Carter Braxton negotiated a settlement. The incident is known as the Gunpowder Affair.
From 1776 to 1779, Patrick Henry served as the first governor of the state of Virginia. He held the post again from 1784 to 1786. After serving as governor, Henry continued to influence American politics. Among his most important work was his fight for the addition of the first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantee basic freedoms, such as the freedoms of speech and religion, to American citizens.[20]
In the spring of 1778
those who had been formally exchanged were sent to Phila-
delphia, then in the hands of the British, arriving there on
April 20. Two officers, however, were not in the cartel of
exchange. These were Ensign Carl Wilhelm Kleinschmidt
of the Rail regiment and Ensign Carl Friedrich Fuhrer of
the von Knyphausen regiment. Both of these officers joined
the American army, and the portrait of each one was fixed
to a gallows as a deserter by the British troops in New York
city, October i, 1781.^ Ensign Kleinschmidt was the same
officer who killed his comrade, Captain von der Sippe, in a
duel on board the vessel which brought them to America.
The enlisted men were marched from Philadelphia, January
2, 1777, toward Lancaster, and were afterward scattered in
different places in the western counties of Pennsylvania and
in some parts of Virginia. The band of nine musicians which
had so charmed the dead Colonel Rail were kept in Philadel-
phia, and it is said that they took part in the fourth of July
celebration in that city in the year 1777. [21]
FORT PITT, April 20, 1782.
Sir:—I arrived here the 25th of March. At that time things were in greater confusion than can well be conceived. The country people were, to all appearance, in a fit of frenzy. About three hundred had just returned from the Moravian towns, where they found about ninety men, women and children [Moravian Indians, usually so stated], all of whom they put to death,[22] it is said, after cool deliberation and considering the matter for three days. The whole were collected into their church and tied when singing hymns.[23] On [after] their return, a party came and attacked a few Delaware Indians, who have yet remained with us, on a small island close by this garrison, killed two who had captains’ commissions in our Service, and several others; the remainder effected their escape into the fort, except two who ran to the woods, and have not Since been heard of. There was an officer’s guard on the island at the same time, but he either he did not do his duty or his men connived at the thing; which, I am not yet able to ascertain. This last outrage was committed the day before I arrived; nothing of this nature has been attempted since. [24]
A number of wrong-headed men had conceived an opinion that Colonel Gibson was a friend to Indians, and that he must be killed also. These transactions, added to the then mutinous disposition of the regular troops, had nearly brought on the loss of this whole country. I am confident, if this post was evacuated, the bounds of Canada would be extended to the Laurel Hill in a few weeks. I have the pleasure, however, to inform your excellency that things now wear a more favorable aspect. The troops are again reduced to obedience,[25] and I have had a meeting or convention of the county lieutenants and several field officers, with whom I have made arrangements for defending their frontiers, and who promise to exert themselves in drawing out the militia, agreeably to law, my requisitions. The few remaining Indians, chiefly women and children, are exceedingly troublesome to us, as they dare not stir out of the fort; not one of the warriors will even venture on a reconnoitering party. I think they would be bettor in some more interior part of the country, where they could be both cheaper fed and clothed. Besides, it is not only inconvenient but improper to have them among the troops, who are, without them, crowded in dirty, bad barracks. I begyour excellency’s instructions how to dispose of them. Their chief, Killbuck,[26] has a son and brother at Princeton college,- whom he is anxious to see.
Captain [Uriah] Springer,[27] of the Virginia line, marched, some time since, with three Indians and as many white men, towards Sandusky, for the purpose of gaining intelligence; but the Indians proved too timid for him to venture to go all the way. He of course returned, without being able to accomplish anything. I thought it too great a risk, but it was by his request, and that of the Indians, who were very solicitous. It was proved on one of the party, named [John] Eels[28], that he intended betraying Captain Springer, and all the party, into the hands of the enemy. I directed a board of officers to inquire into his conduct, who were of opinion he should suffer death. I ordered him executed; he was shot on the 12th instant, seemingly much to the satisfaction of the other Indians.
Civil authority is by no means properly established in this country, which I doubt not proceeds in some degree from in attention in the executives of Virginia and Pennsylvania. Not running the boundary line is, I think, a proof of this, which is at present an excuse for neglects of duty of all kinds, for at least twenty miles on each side of the line. More evils will arise from this neglect, than people are aware of. Emigration and new states are much talked of. Advertisements are set up, announcing a day to assemble at Wheeling, for all who wish to become members of a new state on the Muskingum. A certain Mr. J~ is at the head of this party; he is ambitious, restless, and some say disaffected. Most people, however, agree he is open to corruption; he has been in England since the commencelnent of the present war. Should these people actually emigrate, they must be either entirely cut off or immediately take protection from the British, which I fear is the real design of some of the party, though I think a great majority have no other views than to acquire lands. As I apprehended taking cognizance of these matters would come best from tile civil authority, I have Written to the governors of Virginia and Pennsylvania on the subject, which I should not have done, till I bad first acquainted your excellency thereof, but for tills consideration, namely, that the 20th of May is the day appointed for the emigrants to rendezvous; consequently, a representation from you would be too late, in case the states.shouid think proper to take measures to prevent them. I am much embarrassed by the scanty and irregu. lar supply of provision. I intend to write to Mr. Morris on this head.
April 20, 1782
Irvine to Harrison, April 20, 1782. It is evident from what Irvine says that he refers to the establishing of a new state beyond the Ohio, in the Indian country. [29]
The Regiment V. Mirbach departed on March 1, 1776 from Melsungen. It embarked from Breznerlehe on May 12, 1776 and reached New York on August 14, 1776. The regiment was part of the Hessian First Division and took part in the following major engagements:
-- Long Island (NY, August 27, 1776)
-- Fort Washington (upper Manhattan, NY, 16 November (November 16) 1776)
-- Brandywine (PA, 11 September 1777)
-- Redbank (Gloucester County, NJ, also known as Fort Mercer, October 22-November 21, 1777)
The regiment departed from New York on 21 November
1783 and arrived at Breznerlehe on April 20, 1784.
They returned to their quarters in Melsungen on
May 30,1784.
April 20, 1799: In a proclamation, a copy of which is quoted below, Napoleon "promised" the Jews of Eretz Israel the "reestablishment of ancient Jerusalem", coupled with a plea for their support. This was the first promise by a modern government to establish a Jewish state. In 1799, the French armies under Napoleon were camped outside of Acre. Napoleon issued a letter offering Palestine as a homeland to the Jews under French protection. The project was stillborn because Napoleon was defeated and was forced to withdraw from the Near East. The letter is remarkable because it marks the coming of age of enlightenment philosophy, making it respectable at last to integrate Jews as equal citizens in Europe and because it marked the beginning of nineteenth century projects for Jewish autonomy in Palestine under a colonial protectorate. After the defeat of Napoleon, it was largely the British who carried forward these projects, which have in hindsight been given the somewhat misleading name of "British Zionism." Napoleon conquered Jaffa but retreated from Acco (Acre); Napoleon's Proclamation of a Jewish State was stillborn, and his declaration of equal rights for Jews was repealed in part in 1806.
Letter to the Jewish Nation from the French Commander-in-Chief Bonaparte issued at General Headquarters, Jerusalem 1st Floreal, April 20th, 1799, in the year of 7 of the French Republic by BUONAPARTE, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMIES OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC IN AFRICA AND ASIA, TO THE RIGHTFUL HEIRS OF PALESTINE.
Israelites, unique nation, whom, in thousands of years, lust of conquest and tyranny have been able to be deprived of their ancestral lands, but not of name and national existence!
Attentive and impartial observers of the destinies of nations, even though not endowed with the gifts of seers like Isaiah and Joel, have long since also felt what these, with beautiful and uplifting faith, have foretold when they saw the approaching destruction of their kingdom and fatherland: And the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads; they shall obtain joy and gladness and sorrow and sighing shall flee away. (Isaiah 35,10) Arise then, with gladness, ye exiled! A war unexampled In the annals of history, waged in self-defense by a nation whose hereditary lands were regarded by its enemies as plunder to be divided, arbitrarily and at their convenience, by a stroke of the pen of Cabinets, avenges its own shame and the shame of the remotest nations, long forgotten under the yoke of slavery, and also, the almost two-thousand-year-old ignominy put upon you; and, while time and circumstances would seem to be least favorable to a restatement of your claims or even to their expression ,and indeed to be compelling their complete abandonment, it offers to you at this very time, and contrary to all expectations, Israel's patrimony! The young army with which Providence has sent me hither, let by justice and accompanied by victory, has made Jerusalem my head-quarters and will, within a few days, transfer them to Damascus, a proximity which is no longer terrifying to David's city. Rightful heirs of Palestine! The great nation which does not trade in men and countries as did those which sold your ancestors unto all people (Joel,4,6) herewith calls on you not indeed to conquer your patrimony ;nay, only to take over that which has been conquered and, with that nation's warranty and support, to remain master of it to maintain it against all comers.
Arise! Show that the former overwhelming might of your oppressors has but repressed the courage of the descendants of those heroes who alliance of brothers would have done honor even to Sparta and Rome (Maccabees 12, 15) but that the two thousand years of treatment as slaves have not succeeded in stifling it. Hasten!, Now is the moment, which may not return for thousands of years, to claim the restoration of civic rights among the population of the universe which had been shamefully withheld from you for thousands of years, your political existence as a nation among the nations, and the unlimited natural right to worship Jehovah in accordance with your faith, publicly and most probably forever (JoeI 4,20).[30]
1812 - April 20 - The representatives of Benjamin Harrison entitled to land allowed a Captain of the Continental Line for three years. Virginia Council Chamber, Apr. 20, 1812, James Barbour, Governor. Received of Register, Warrant 6014 for 4,000 acres issued April 20, 1812.
Attest: John Davenport
(Burgess, v. 3, P. 1397)
Battle Harrison
(for myself and as attorney for Robert Harrison)
1812 - April 20 - Land Office Military Warrant 6014 (our soldier's name was misspelled!): To the Principal Surveyor of the Land set apart for the Officers and Soldiers of the Commonwealth of Virginia: THIS shall be your WARRANT to survey and lay off in one or more surveys, for Representatives of Benjamin Harris, their heirs or assigns, the quantity of Four Thousand acres of Land, due unto the said Representatives in consideration of the said Benjamin Harris services for three years as a Captain of the Virginia Continental line agreeably to a certificate from the Governor and Council, which is received into the Land Office. Given under my hand, and the seal of said Office, this twentieth day of April in the year one thousand Eight hundred and twelve -
4000 Acres
Chas. Blagrove
Regr - Land Off
For value received I do hereby assign unto William Fulton Eight Hundred acres of the within Warrant Number Six Thousand and fourteen -
June 16th 1812.
Witness present
Eliza Fulton
John A. Fulton
Batteal Harrison the legal Representative of Benjamin Harrison [31]
April 20, 1836: Congress establishes the Wisconsin Territory.[32]
April 20, 1878: Samuel Martin GUTLEBEN was born on May 19, 1877 in Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died on February 16, 1946 in Alameda,Alameda,CA at age 68.
Samuel married Bertha HOFFMAN, daughter of William HOFFMAN and Catherine HOFF, on April 5, 1899. Bertha was born on April 20, 1878 in ,,IL and died on October 18, 1946 at age 68. [33]
Wed. April 20, 1864
Laid in camp
Troops leaving for Alexandra[34]
April 20, 1881: On board Convoy 48 was Fernande Gottlieb born June 25, 1909 from Paris, France, Meyer Gottlieb born April 15, 1881 from Paris, France, and Rosa Gottlieb, born April 20, 1881, from Paris, France.
The routine telex to Eichmann and to Auschwitz was sent on February 13 by Rothke, informing its recipients that on the same day, at 10:10 AM, a convoy of 1,000 Jews left the station at Le Bourget/Drancy for Auschwitz, with Lieutenant Nowak at the helm of the escort. A note by Rothke dated February 16 (XXVc-207) indicated that the convoy had to leave with German forces, but that in spite of their hyesitations, the French police did cooperate in the end when the train was embarking.
There were eight successful escapes from this convoy before the border; and official reports were made on the subject (XXVc-206, 208, 219, 237, and 238. They were also the subject of studies by A. Rutkowski (“Le Mond Juif”: No. 73; January/March 1974; pp. 10-29; and La lute des Juifs en France: pp. 150-59).
Convoy 48 arrived in Auschwitz on February 15. One hundred forty four men were selected and received numbers 102350 through 102492. One hundred sixty seven women received numbers 35357 through 35523. The rest of the convoy was immediately gassed.
In 1945 there were 17 survivors from among the 311 selected. One was a woman.[35]
April 20, 1889
Adolf Hitler is born in Austria/Hungary, an empire of many races and languages.[36]
April 20, 1899
Last week Thursday in some way Hazel Goodlove, who is living with George Whitcomb, got her finger in a cornsheller, and had it badly lacerated, but will not lose it.[37]
April 20, 1906: On April 20, 20,000 refugees trapped by the massive fire in San Francisco were evacuated from the foot of Van Ness Avenue onto the USS Chicago. [38]
April 20, 1907: The home of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. H. Goodlove, four miles southwest of Central City, was the scene of a pretty wedding Thursday evening, April 4 [1907] when their daughter, Cora Alice, became the bride of Thomas Wilkinson Jr.
The ceremony was performed by the bride’s pastor, Rev. J. P. Van Horn, of Marion. There were thirty-five guests present, nearly all being relatives. Following the ceremony a bountiful supper was served, and after the festivities of the evening, which included an old-fashioned chaviari, the bride and groom went to their new home near Jordon’s [Jordan’s] Grove church, where the will be at home to friends after April 20th. [39]
April 20, 1921: All told, 232 persons registered their objections to the formation of the district by signing one of five petitions circulated throughout the area. The first petition, signed by 102 voters and taxpayers from Hazel Green Township, was filed on April 20, 1921. It read qute simply: “ We the undersigners, voters and taxpayers of Hazel Green Twp., Delaware Co., Ia. Do most emphatically protest against the incorporation of any part of the Hazel Green Destrict into the Buck Creek Consolidation as outlined in your proclamation published in the Hopkinton Leader of April 14, 1921. WE also claim that the law does not intend that the interests of one locality should be jeopardized because of the prior action of another.”
Most of those signing were Cathoolics. Some no doubt were loath to lose eight section of prime farmland to the Buck Creek district because it reduced the tax base available for the provision of schoos in Hazel Green Township. Many more, howver, mobilized and opposed the formation of the Buck Creek district because of the vehement anti-Catholic sentiment of the Buck Creekers. Another petition filed by a second contingent of forty three opponents from the subdistricts No. 6 and No. 7 in Hazel Green Township objected “to being forcibly and against the will of a large majority of the residents and taxpayers included” in the consolidated district. They appealed to the superintendent to “set out and not include” their subdistricts.
Very few men and women in the affected subdistricts in Hazel GTreen Township failed to sign one of these two petitions. This served to indicate that if the results of the election hinged on the support it received in the Hazel Green portion of the district, it would be defeated soundly. The only ones who did not sign were a few prominent members of the Buck Creek Church, the Thompsons, the Shovers, and the Houstons. Many people from those portions of Hazel Green not included in the proposed district also signed the first of these petitions. Apparently they were trying to impress upon Ottilie that the formation of the Buck Creek district as proposed would adversely affect the quality of education in the rest of Hazel Green Township.
Two identically worded petitions protesting consolidation were filed by the residents of the Union ‘”Township portion of the proposed district. Over whelmingly the signers were from the Castle Grove neighborhood, but they also included a handful of persons from the Nos. 3 and 6 subdistricts. It stated that the undersigned “emphatically protest against the consolidation of school…for reasons that the taxpayers are hard hit enough at the present time without additional burdenhs, also the proposed location of the school in inaccessibgle to a large number of the pupils of said district and for many other valid reasons that shoul appeal to an unselfish and fair minded adjudication.” The first of these was signed by thirty three people and the second by ten persons, all from the No. 4 subdistrict. Because of the storm, the latter was filed a day late, butwas apparently considered nonetheless. At least one adult from every Catholic household in these four subdistricts signed one of the two petitions. Also signing were a number of Protestant tenants not affiliated with the Buck Creek Church and a few Protestants who were opposed to the township going into debt to build a new school or found the Ku Klux Klan activities on its behalf repugnant.
It is important to note that forty persons, a majority of the voters in the three Union Townshipo subdistricts excluded froj the proposed district, also signed petitions objecting to the formation of the diestirct. These were the voters whose silendcde supposedley had been secured by their exclusion from the proposeal the previous year. Now, Klan activities in support of consolidation, coupled with the dramatic shcange for the worse in the regional economy, forced a reevaluation and political mobgilization among the predominantly Catholic families in these subdistricts. Their objections were
1. That it conflicts with the spirit and also the letter of the law as laid down in Acts of the 37th and 38th Gen. Assembly.
2. That because of the outling the Districts in which we live are so isolated that an Independent signle school is impossible and that the territory so isolated, being in the form of an ell (L) cannot do justice to the children with less than three school
3. That the territory does not comprise but 7 and a fraction sections while the law contemplates 12 sec. for (3) three schools or four for one school.[40]
The “letter of the law” in the first objection referred to the consolidation statute requiring that the boundaries of a consolidated district correspond with district and subdistrict boundaries already established. This provision had been the one upon which the district court’s decision had been based. The voters from the now officially delimited Union No. 1 subdistrict maintained that their territory was still simply part of Union No. 2. Its formal delimitation by the reconvened Union Township board the previous month was forcted upon them against their will as part of the scheme to create a Buck Creek consolidated district. In short, they maintained that an additional three sections of territory should be excluded brom the proposal. This would have brought all of the
old Upper Buck Creek neighborhood together again in a single subdistrict. It would also have left the new, but downsized, Union School Township with somewhat more than ten sections of territory. Ten sections was the minimum size territory for a xchool township to support the three country schools that the protesters felt necessary, a figure still below the twelve sections dictated by tradition. Those signing this last petition included both Catholics and Protestants proportionately in proportion to their relative numbers in the three subdistricts. It even included at least two families who were members of the Buck Creek Chjurch. With the downturn in the economy, families in thr northern one third of Union Township genuinely feared that they would be unable to support their country schools with the relatively meager tax base they would have if the Buck Creek Consolidated district was formed. Thje farmland in theis area was generally of poorer quality than that found in other neighborhoods in the township. When they claimed that the proposed district violated the “spirit” of the law laid soen bgy the 37th and 38th General Assemblies, they were referring to changes in the consolidation laws intended to ensure that rural school consolidation would not leave adjoining districts or subdistricts with too few resources to provided a good quality education for their children.
The fifth and final petition was filed on behalf of six landowners from Hopkinton who owned land in Union Township along the aMaquoketa River south of Hopkinton. Six years earlier, one of the protesters, F. E. Williamson, had been one of the advocates of forming a consolidated district centered on Hopkinton. These protesters did not object to consolidation in princicple. They simpy opposed having their properties included with the Buck Creek Consolidated district. They realized that the children of their tenants could be served by the Hopkinton school district at far less cost on a contractual basis, like that extended to the Best district.[41]
Of the 232 persons protesting the formation of the Buck Creek consolidated district, at least 96 lived within the proposed boundaries of the edistrict. This was 20 more than had voted against the earlier proposal and 8 more than the number signing the petition urging the formation of the district. The sheer number of protesters led the leaders of the opposition to think they mnight have a good chance of convincing the county superintendent or the county board of education to sustain their objections this time. If all were sustained, there would have been less than sixteen sections of territory remaining for inclusion in the consolidated district, thereby killing the proposal.[42]
November 24, 1941 to April 20, 1945: A total of 140,937 Jews of Bohemia and Moravia are deported to Theresiuenstadt; 33,539 die and 88,196 are deported further.[43]
March 12-April 20, 1942: Thirty thousand Jews are deported from Lublin to Belzec.[44]
April 2005: The Genographic Project was launched in April 2005. A five year, 40 million dollar research effort, it seeks to capture a genetic snapshot of our species at this point in time, before the genetic trails can no longer be followed. [45]
April 20, 2010
Jacqulin’s Tug a War team getting ready for battle. They went on to win for the first time in eight years.
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] The Ten Lost Tribes, A World History, Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, page 74.
[3] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor, page 302.
[4] Mapping Human History, Discovering the Past through our Genes, by Steve Olson, page 110.
[5] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[6] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 16
[7] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 16
[8] Unknown
[9] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[10] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm
[11] The Templar Code, HISTI, 5/16/2006
[12] Holy Grail in America, HISTI, 9/20/2009
[13] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[14] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm
[15] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men, Edited by Franklin Ellis Vol. 1 Philadelphia; L. H. Everts & Co. 1882
[16] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor
[17] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor.
[18] Raccoon creek empties into the Ohio on the left, thirty-three miles, by the course of the river, below Pittsburgh.
[19] The Washington Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield, 1877
[20] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/patrick-henry-named-colonel-of-first-virginia-battalion
[21] Trenton
[22] As the killing of these Indians occurred at Guadenhuetten, the middle village, upon what is now known as the Tuscarawas river, in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, before that time occupied by the Moravian Indians and their teachers, it is usually known as “the Gnadenhuetten affair.”
[23] Concerning the expedition to the “Moravian towns “—known in history as “Williamson’s expedition,” from Col. David Williamson, the one who commanded it—and the investigation which followed, only a brief account in this connection can be given.
Early in 1782, war parties committed sundry depredations upon the border. The first was the killing of John Fink, a young man, near Buchanan fort. The particulars are as follow: “On the 8th of February, 1782, while Henry Fink and his son John were engaged in sledding rails on their farm in the Buchanan settlement, several guns were simultaneously discharged at them, and before John had time to reply to his father’s inquiry whether he was hurt, another gun was fired and he fell lifeless. Having unlinked the chain which fastened the horse to the sled, the old man galloped briskly away. He reached his home in safety, and immediately moved his family to the fort. “Witherss Border Warfare, pp. 232, 233.
The next maraud was the taking from their homes of Mrs. Robert Wallace and her three children on Raccoon creek, of which the following is an account:
“By a gentleman who lately arrived here [Philadelphiaj from the westward, we have the following information: that, about the 8th ult., a woman [Mrs. Robert Wallace] and four [three] children were taken prisoners by the indians, 25 miles west of Fort Pitt. Happily a heavy snow falling the same night prevented much more mischief, as there were upwards of forty indian tracks found in the snow next morning. [See, post, p. 318 and note thereto.] This naturally threw the people in the neighborhood into the greatest consternation and will be a means of causing much distress, unless timely relieved. General irwin [Irvine] is now on his way to Pittsburgh; he will do every thing possible for the assistance of the distressed inhabitants. If the general has money to pay the militia, etc., there is no doubt he will find men enough to keep the indians at a distance, and to enable the farmers to put in their crops in due season.”— Pennsylrania Packet, March 30, 1782 (No. 865).
Both of these accounts are referred to in the follcwing: “I am told this day that the Indians have made sundry depredations on the frontiers of this country, during the last open spell of weather, on Raccoon creek and up the Monongahela, I think at a place called Buchanan. I fear this is the beginning of more than usual calamity.”— Thomas Scott to Pres’t Moore, from Washington county, February 20, 1782. (See, also, post, p. 239, note 4, third clause, where these depredations are referred to.) The next raid of the Indian warriors resulted in the capturing of John Carpenter, on Buffalo creek, particulars of which are hereafter given (see, p. 101; p. 239,note 4; p. 241, notes 3 and 4).
These marauds, coming so early in the year, took the borderers by surprise, causing, as we have seen, “the greatest c3nsternation,” as no visitations were expected before about the first of April. (Post, p. 341.) The belief was prevalent that “enemy Indians “ (that is, warriors —hostile savages) were upon the Tuscarawas (then called the Muskingum), occupying the previously deserted Moravian Indian towns. Thereupon, the lieutenant of Washington county ordered out a number of the militia against them. They assembled upon the bank of the Ohio, intending to cross over to the Mingo bottom on the west side of the river — a point some forty miles by land and seventy-five by water below Pittsburgh. The weather was very cold and stormy and the river high. This discouraged some and they turned back; others, however, succeeded in getting safely to the Indian side of the Ohio. The militia marched under command of Col. David Williamson, of the third battalion of his county. Upon reaching the Tuscarawas, a considerable number of Moravian Indians were found — men, women and children; all of whom were taken prisoners except two, who were killed as the town — Gnadenhuetten — was reached. Subsequently, the whole were put to death, two boys only escaping. It is said that, with the killed, were, also, some “enemy Indians.” Such, in a word, was the origin, progress and result of Williamson’s expedition. The first reference to it published, was the following: “Philadelphia, April 6. A very important advantage has lately been gained over our savage enemies on the frontiers of this state, by a party of the back county militia. We hope to give particulars in our next.’ ‘— Pennsylvania Packet, April 9, 1782 (No. 868).
But how was it that these “Moravians” had returned to the Tuscarawas after the breaking up of the missionary establishments there, as already explained (ante, p. 60)? ‘The answer is this: Impelled by a scarcity of provisions, about 150 men, women and children, having received permission from the Wyandots upon the Sandusky, started for their old homes whei~e there was plenty of corn still standing left ungathered of the last year’s growth. Reaching the valley they p~mrsuecl their labors until captured, as just mentioned, by the Washington county militia under Col. Williamson.
Some time after the return of the militia, an inquiry into the “Gnadenhuetten affair “ was ordered by Pennsylvania and Virginia, at the request of congress ;— the steps taken and what the results were, are hereafter mentioned. All accounts strictly contemporaneous that have been found. whether printed or in manuscript, in anywise relating to this expedition, are given in these pages. But, as a discussion of the events which transpired after the militia reached the valley of the Tuscarawas does not come within the scope proposed for this work, none will be entered upon. The following is the first account published of the expedition:
“In a late paper we gave an account that a woman and three children had been carried off by the savages from their habitation near Fort Pitt; and in our paper of the 9th [6th] inst. we mentioned an advantage being gained over those Indians. By a gentleman who arrived here on Saturday last from Washington county we have the following particulars: That on the 17th of Feb. last the wife and three children of one Robert Wallace, an inhabitant on Raccoon creek (during his abrence from home), were carried off by a party of Indians. Mr. Wallace, on his return home in the evening, finding his wife and children gone, his house broke up, the furniture destroyed, his cattle shot and laying dead about in the yard, immediately alarmed the neighbors, and a party was raised that night, who set out early the next morning; but unfortunately a snow fell, which prevented their following, and they were obliged to return. About this time, a certain John Carpenter was taken prisoner from the waters of Buffalo c~reek in said county, and another party had fired at a man, wlìoin they missed, and he escaped from them. These different parties of Indians, striking the settlements so early in the season, greatly alarmed the people, and but too plainly evinced their determination to harass the frontiers, and nothing could save them but a quick and spirited exertion. TI-icy therefore came to a determination to extirpate the aggressors and, if possible, to recover the people that had been carried off; and having received intelligence from a person who was t~tken prisoner last fall (but had made his escape and come home a few days before), that the Indian towns on the Muskingum had not moved as they had been told, a number of men properly provided, collected and rendezvoused on the Ohio, opposite the Mingo Bot
torn, with a design to surprise the above towns. The weather was very cold and stormy, the river high and no boats or canoes to transport them across. These difficulties discouraged some, but 160 determined to persevere, and they swam the river, in doing of which some of their horses perished with the severity of the cold. When they got over, officers were chosen, and they proceeded
• to the towns on the Muskingum, where the Indians had collected a large quantity of provisions to supply their war parties. They arrived at t-he town in the night, undiscovered, attacked the Indians in their cabins, and so completely surprised them that they killed and scalped upwards of ninety (but few making their escape), about forty of which were warriors, the rest old men, women and children. About eighty horses fell into their hands, which they loaded with the plunder, the greatest part furs and skins, and returned to the Ohio, without the loss of one man, and at the place where they chose their officers they held a vendue. And in order to prevent the inhabitants from bidding against the adventurers, they divided the spoil equally between officers and men, first reimbursing those who had lost their horses in swimming the river. [In the foregoing, “fall” should doubtless be “February.”]
“The person above mentioned to have escaped from the enemy says, that he was taken by six Indians, two of which called themselves Moravians, and spoke good Dutch, and were the most severe and ill-natured to him. He was taken to the above towns, and from thence four of the above Indians set out with him for St. Duskie. The second day of their march, in the morning, he
- was sent out for the horses when he left them, and, being a good woodsman, came off clear and got to Fort Pitt. [This was Carpenter: see p. 243, note.]
“While at Muskingum the two Moravian indians learnt him an Indian song, which they frequently made him sing, by way of insult, and afterward interpreted to him in obscene language; and he left them at Muskingum where they staid, in order to go out with the next party against our settlements.
“Our informant further says, that last Thursday two weeks, upwards of
300 men, properly equipped on horseback, set out for St. Duskie. It is hoped
they will succeed in their expedition. and hereby secure themselves from the
future encroaches of the savages.”—Pennsylvania Packet, April 16, 1782 (No. 872).
Washington-Irvine Correnspondence by Butterfield, pages 99-102.
[24]The borderers who committed “this last outrage “ were not the same organized party that took part in the “Gnadenhuetten affair,” as the language of Irvine might be construed to mean. The killing was done on Smoky, or Killbuck’s Island, since gone. The following will be found of interest as relating to the transactions:
“And before this time a party had come from the Chartiers, a settlement south of the Monongahela, m the neighborhood of this town [Pittsburgh], and had attacked some friendly Indians on the island in the Ohio (Killbuck’s Island), under the protection of the garrison, and had killed several, and amongst them some that had been of essential service to the whites, in expeditions against Indian towns, and on scouting parties in case of attacks upon the settlements. One to whom the whites had given the name of Wilson (Captai9n Wilson) was much regretted by the garrison.” –Loudon’s Indian Wars, Vol. 1, pp. 54, 55.
The faithful services of the unfortunate Delaware captain just mentioned, had long be3en appreciated at Fort Pitt, as shown by the following certificate:
Fort Pitt, November 18, 1781.
“I certify that in consequence of the faithful service of Captainb Wilson (an Indian), as well as to encourage him to be active in future expeditions and detachments, I did, last spring, make him a present of a small black horse, belonging to the United States.
“Daniel Brodhead, Col. 1st P. Reg. “
(Washington-Irvine Correspondence, page 103.)
[25]The following communication from the non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the seventh Virginia regiment to General Irvine, written probably soon after his return to Fort Pitt, clearly sets forth their grievances:
[26] ‘John Killbuck, Jr., an hereditary chief of the Delawares, son of John Killbuck and grandson of King Newcomer, was born in 1737, near the Lehigh Water-Gap, in Northampton county, Pennsylvania. Early in the revolution he was at the head of the council of his nation, upon the Tuscarawas and Muskingum, in what is now the eastern part of Ohio. He remained true to the United States after a large part of the Delawares went over to the British Indians, potting himself and a small number of followers under the protection of the commander at Fort Pitt, where he was at the date of the above letter. Some years afterward he joined the Moravian Indians, being named, at baptism, William Henry. Subsequent to the victory of Wayne over the allied nations, he was urged by his tribe, which had become reconciled to him, to resume his office of chief, but this he declined. He died in 1811, in Goshen, Tuscarawas county, Ohio.
“Died, at his residence near Connellsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on Thursday, 21st ult., Major Uriah Springer in the 73d year of his age. His father’s family was amongst the first settlers west of the Alleghany mountains before the revolutionary war. Uriah, at the age of nineteen, was commissioned by Lord Dunmore, then governor of Virginia, an ensign in a company of rangers organized for the protection of this frontier, and was the first officer that commanded the stockade at this place [Brownsville] in 1774,
[27] General Irvine’s instrnctions to Captain Springer were as follow: “FORT PITT, April 12, 1782.
“Sir:— The nature of the service you go on is such that confining you by particular instructions might defeat the purpose intended.
“In general, however, I wish you to consider yonr command (on account of the smallness of your number) more in the light of an reconnoitering party than èalculated for offensive operations against the enemy. You will, therefore, proceed with great caution; your route first, for thirty or forty miles, inclining up the Alleghany river. Should you not discover any traces of an enemy on that route, you will proceed toward Sandosky, where you will use every prudent means in your power to gain intellegence of the strength and intentions of the enemy; whether any white men are among them; and whether they are regular British troops or refugees, or as they call themselves “rangers;“ who now commands at Detroit; what the strength of the garrison , or whether they have received, this spring, reenforcements of men, provisions, etc. The best mode, I think, of obtaining this end would, if practicable, be by capturing one or more white men.
“If you shonld discover such symptoms of bodies of the enemy being on their march, so large as to endanger any of our posts, or the settlements on the frontier of’ this country, you will either retnrn or send me notice by one of your party o hum yon can confide in, as in your judgment the case may merit. Should you meet a smaller party than your own, I make no doubt you will give a good account of them, provided you can effect it without risk of frustrating your principal object. Given under my hand at Fort Pitt, this
12th day of April, 1782. “Wir. IRVINE, B. Gen’l.
“Captain URIAH SPRINGER.”
[28] “A board of officers will assemble immediately at Colonel Gibson’5 quarters to inquire into and report their opinion to the general whether John Eels, an Indian, is guilty of an intention of making his escape to and joining the enemy and of his trying to prevail on others to do the same; and also to give their opinion in case he did go, whether it was or not evidently his intention to discover to the enemy the design of the party under Captain Springer, of which he was to have been one. Colonel Gibson [is to be president; Lieutenant-Colonels Wuibert and [Stephen] Bayard, Major {Isaacj Craig and Captain [John] Clark, members. If the board is of opinion John Eels is guilty, they will please to mention in their report what punishment should be inflicted.”
[29] (Ante, p. 109.) Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield, 1882.
[30] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[31] (National Archives Record Group No. 49, v. 14, p. 153) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[32] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[33] Descendents of Elias Gotleben, Email from Alice, May 2010.
[34] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove
[35] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 377.
[36]Hitler and the Occult, HISTI 10/24/2000
[37] Winton Goodlove papers.
[38] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
[39] Newspaper clipping from unknown newspaper in Myrtle Goodlove’s scrapbook. Transcribed 23 December 2009 by Linda Pedersen.
[40] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page . 204-206.
[41] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 206-207.
[42] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 203-204.
[43] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1769
[44] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1770.
[45] Deep Ancestry, Inside the Genographic Project by Spencer Wells, page 5
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