“Lest We Forget”
10,648 names…10,648 stories…10,648 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, August 3
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
August 3, 8 CE : Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. As the stepson of Augustus, Tiberius would become Caeser four years after this victory. Tiberius did appoint Pontius Pilate as the procurator of Judea. On the other hand, he did have the good sense to over rule Pilate when the Jews of Jerusalem complained that he had desecrated the city by bringing inscribed shields into the Jewish capital. Tiberius’ inconsistent treatment of the Jews was consistent with the moody behavior of the Roman ruler who would have much preferred to serve as a general.[1]
9 AD: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest establishes the boundary between Romans and Germans. Upper Germanic Limes begun .[2]
10 CE: One-third of Roman Italy, or 2 million people, are slaves, many knowing harsh conditions from birth. Law advantages the upper class of freemen.[3]
10 A.D.: Jerusalem population during Jewish rule under Herod, 35,000.[4]
10 CE: In his Jerusalem academy the Babylonian scholar Hillel formulatres seven principles for broadening the interpretation of the Torah. They are essentially rules of deduction and analogy similar to those used elswhere in the classical world. A major legalist, Hillel is famous for his epigrams. Among them are “If I am not for myself, who will be?” and “What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. That is all the Torah; all the rest is commentary. Go learn it!”[5]
August 3, 435: Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II exiled the deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, to a monastery in Egypt. Nestorianism was a form of Christianity that challenged the orthodoxy of its time and presented a political threat to the Roman Empire. [6]
438 A.D.: Theodosius, like Constantine used the Christian religion as part of his political power base. Therefore, it is not surprising to note that this is the same Theodosius II who issued Anti-Judaic laws in 438 that “forbade the Jews to accede to any public task,” made proselytism a capital crime and denied Jews the right to build new synagogues or “to embellish the old ones.” [7]
August 3, 1614
On August 3rd, l614, Lauchlan appeared again before the council, comes under several additional obligations, and ratifies the proceedings at Icolmkill in 1609.[8]
August 3, 1762: THIS INDENTURE, August 3, 1762, between Lawrence Harrison and Katherine, his wife, in the County of Frederick, Colony of Virginia, of the first part, and Moses Tullis, of the same, of the second part.
This for and in consideration of the sum of two hundred pounds current money of Virginia, paid in hand to Lawrence Harrison and his wife, by Moses TuIlis.
(Signed) Lawrence Harrison.
Catherine Harrison[9]
August 3, 1773: At an adjourned session held August 3, 1773, with Justices William Lochry, Robert Hanna, and Arthur St. Clair on the bench, six new actions at law were added on the docket, and one Francis McDade was admitted to practice law in this court. That he did not well behave himself in the office of attorney, is shown by the following record at the January term, 1774, Justice William Crawford again presiding;
“It appearing to the Court that Francis McDade, one of te Attorneys of this Court, the duty of his office not regarding, hath of late at divers times and places, within the jurisdiction of this court, been publicly and notoriously guilty of the shameful vice of drunkenness, at which time and places he did publish several malicious passages highly reflecting on several magistrates of this court and other mischiefs then and there unbecoming the character, duty and office of an Attorney of this Court; It is ordered and considered by the Court that the said Francis McDade, for such, his shameful behavior, be suspended, and he is hereby suspended and precluded from further using the office, duty and business of this Court.”[10]
The pioneers who had whiskey stills on their plantations were continually being haled into court. When Justice William Crawford presided at the January term of 1774, the grand jury found true bills against Thomas Gist, of Gist’s Plantation, and Zachariah Connell, of Stewart’s Crossings. The following records show that the court made a strenuous attempt to regulate the liquor business. “It appearing to the Court that John Barr, one of the tavern keepers of this county, is keeping a disorderly house, it is ordered by the Court that the said John Barr is not to sell any spirituous liquors for the future in the Township of Mt. Pleasant, and that he pay a fine of forty shillings.[11]
Thursday, August 3rd, 1775
This morning went with Mr. V. Crawford and Mr. James Berwick a Manchester man to Major Crawford’s, where we stayed all night. Bad news from Boston. The English drove to their ships and great numbers of them killed. I hope it is a lie.[12]
August 3, 1776: Strength Estimates of American Forces
August 27, 1776: estimated totals 28,500 officers and men; effectives 19,000
This is an historian’s careful estimate by Henry P. Johnston, adjusting strength returns from August 3 and September 12, 1776. Johnston identifies 71 regiments or parts of regiments, of which 25 were Continental. His estimate is very close to Washington’s report on September 2 that “our number of men at present fit for duty is under 20,000.”[13]
August 3, 1777 - This day we, and all who are on our ship, hold in memory because as the result of a thunder storm our lives were placed in an incomparably frightful fear of death. Toward six o’clock we saw thunder and lightning in the distance. At this time the admiral gave a signal to change course toward the southeast. Our ship had hardly turned when the storm hit with indescribably frightfiul thunder and lightning and so suddenly that the crew, because of the terrible storm hurricane winds which it carried, nearly were robbed of their sense lower the sails, which resulted in the ship being rolled far over on left side and nearly covered by waves so that we were sure that we would be drowned in the inevitable sinking of the ship. The wind, coming from the right side, tore all the upper sails to shreds and then, when the wind slackened after a while, the ship rolled slowly from the left side to the right side and our fear of entering eternity, at this time, generally began to abate. Everyone involved turned his first thought to giving thanks to Heaven for having saved him from this danger…[14]
Court Geismar, August 3, 1777
As soon as the three captured regiments are exchanged, the
Lieutenant General is requested, as he has been already ordered
to establish a court martial in which a Major General shall pre-
side and all these questions must be answered :
1. — At what time in the day were the regiments attacked and
captured ?
2. — How strong was the force of the enemy ?
3. — What plans had Colonel Rail made in case his regiments
were attacked ?
4. — Were the quarters of the regiments separated or near to-
gether ? What precautions were taken and were there any patrols,
sent out to obtain information as to the near approach of the
enemy ?
5. — How did the regiments defend themselves and how long did this defense continue ? How heavy was the loss of wounded
and dead on our side and how great on the side of the enemy ?
6. — Why did not Lieutenant Colonel Scheffer take command
after Colonel Rail had been disabled, as it was his duty as senior
officer, and why did he not retreat over the little bridge across
the stream in their rear, after finding the enemy so strong?
7. — From whom did Colonel Rail receive his orders ? Did he
not receive proper instructions ? Did Colonel Rail visit his posts
often ? Did Lieutenant Colonel Scheffer give no orders when
Colonel Rail found himself unable to save his men ?
8. — Why did not Colonel von Donop march to their assistance
and was there no communication existing between Bordentown
and Trenton ?
The greatest responsibility after the death of Colonel Rail rests
on Lieutenant Colonel Scheffer and after him on the two officers
who commanded the von Knyphausen and the von Woellworth ^
regiments and these officers are to be held to account for their
conduct. [15]
“Pittsburgh, August 3, 1782.
“(Certificate of the Clergyman.)
‘I do hereby certify that John Slover has been for many years a regular member of the church under my care, and he is worthy of the highest credit. William Reno “(An Episcopalian.)”
August 3rd The Board met according to adjournment; Present the same Members as yestarday, & also Abraham Chapline Gente
On motion, the Board came to the following Resolution; That all Officers & Soldiers who marched and continued in service till the Reduction of the British Posts on the North West side of yc Ohio, that all who engaged, & enlisted in the Illinois Regiment afterwards & served during the War, or three Years, are intitled to a share of the Grant under the Resolution & Act of Assembly. But
that those soldiers who have enlisted in the said Regmt since the 2d day of January (January 2) 1781. either for three Years or during the War are not entitled, as there seems to be no provision made under the Resolution for those who should thereafter be incorporated in the said Regiment. That the Officers of the Regmt are intitled to a Share of the Land in proportion to the Commissions they respectively held on the s~’ 2d day of January 2, 1781, & not in proportion to the Commissions they have since held in consequence of Promotions; and that therefore, Officers Commissioned since that Period are not intitled at all; And that those Soldiers who inlisted to serve 12 Months after their arrival at Kaskaskias[16] agreeable to an Act of Assembly of the fall Session 1778 for the protection & defence of the Illinois Country who did not reinhist in the Regiment are not included in said Resolution. That those Officers who were Commissioned under s~’ act & Resigned before the expiration of the 12 Months are not intitled, but that those who continued during the year, & then retired not having a Command, are intitled. [17]
August 3, 1795
The Indians cede two thirds of Ohio and part of Indiana to the United States in the Treaty of Greenville.[18]
August 3, 1795: Treaty of Greenville
Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Treaty_of_Greenville_page1.jpg/220px-Treaty_of_Greenville_page1.jpg
Description: http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.19/common/images/magnify-clip.png
First page of the Treaty of Greenville.
The Treaty of Greenville was signed at Fort Greenville (now Greenville, Ohio), on August 3, 1795, between a coalition of American Indian tribes and frontiermen, known as the Western Confederacy, and the United States following their loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. It ended the Northwest Indian War.
The United States was represented by General "Mad Anthony" Wayne, who led the victory at Fallen Timbers. In exchange for goods to the value of $20,000 (such as blankets, utensils, and domestic animals), the American Indian tribes ceded to the United States large parts of modern-day Ohio, the future site of downtown Chicago,[nb 1][2] the Fort Detroit area, Maumee, Ohio Area,[3] and the Lower Sandusky Ohio Area.[4]
Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg/220px-Treaty_of_Greenville.jpg
Description: http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.19/common/images/magnify-clip.png
This depiction of the treaty negotiations may have been painted by one of Anthony Wayne's officers, c. 1795.
American Indian leaders who signed the treaty included leaders of these bands and tribes:
•Wyandot
•Delaware (Lenape; several bands)
•Shawnee
•Ottawa (several bands)
•Chippewa
•Potawatomi (several bands)
•Miami (several bands)
•Wea
•Kickapoo
•Kaskaskia
Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/A.Wayne_flag_-_Greenville_1795.jpg/220px-A.Wayne_flag_-_Greenville_1795.jpg
Description: http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.19/common/images/magnify-clip.png
General Anthony Wayne presented this flag to the Miami chief She-Moc-E-Nish at the Treaty of Greenville.[5] It is now held by the State of Indiana[6]
The treaty established what became known as the "Greenville Treaty Line," which was for several years a boundary between American Indian territory and lands open to European-American settlers. The latter frequently disregarded the treaty line as they continued to encroach on native lands guaranteed by the treaty. The treaty line began at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River in present-day Cleveland and ran south along the river to the portage between the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas River, in what is now known as the Portage Lakes area between Akron and Canton. The line continued down the Tuscarawas to Fort Laurens near present-day Bolivar. From there, the line ran west-southwest to near present-day Fort Loramie on a branch of the Great Miami River. From there, the line ran west-northwest to Fort Recovery, on the Wabash River near the present-day boundary between Ohio and Indiana. From Fort Recovery, the line ran south-southwest to the Ohio River at a point opposite the mouth of the Kentucky River in present-day Carrollton, Kentucky.
William Clark[19] of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was present at Greenville. Years later he met again one of the Delaware chiefs from the conference, and noted in his journal for December 23, 1803: "a raney day… several Deleaway pass, a chief whome I saw at Greenville Treaty, I gave him a bottle of whiskey."[7]
Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Greenville_Treaty_Line_Map.png/220px-Greenville_Treaty_Line_Map.png
Description: http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.19/common/images/magnify-clip.png
The Greenville Treaty line in Ohio and Indiana
The treaty also established the "annuity" system: yearly grants of federal money and supplies of calico cloth to American Indian tribes. It institutionalized continuing government influence in tribal affairs and gave outsiders considerable control over American Indian life.[8].
August 3, 1819: When heirs sold his land August 3, 1819, they said Benjamin Harrison was late of Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri Territory, that the land conveyed was on the Mississippi River in Ste. Genevieve County, which Benjamin Harrison in his lifetime inhabited., etc. [20]
August 3, 1796: Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. The treaty's full title is Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States. Thomas Pinckney negotiated the treaty for the United States and Don Manuel de Godoy represented Spain. Among other things, it ended the first phase of the West Florida Controversy, a dispute between the two nations over the boundaries of the Spanish colony of West Florida.
The treaty was presented to the United States Senate on February 26, 1796 and after several weeks of debate was ratified on March 7, 1796. It was ratified by Spain on April 25, 1796 and ratifications were exchanged on that date. The treaty was proclaimed on August 3, 1796. [21]
August 3, 1803: Joseph C. Vance is appointed to survey the county seat and lay off the town of Xenia (Ohio). He is paid $49.25. (Prindle, Eric, "Xenia -- From A Hole In The Rock, 12/7/1978)[22]
1807 - August 3 - Benjamin Harrison, Sr. and Benedict Reiley? witnessed a release from John May to Henry Reiley, both of Ste. Genevieve District. The land transferred was on the Mississippi River immediately above the grand tower in said District.[23]
August 3, 1822: Andrew Jackson nominated for presidency by Tennessee senate caucus. [24]
Wed. August 3[25], 1864
August 3, 1877: COLONEL WILLIAM CRAWFORD.1
BY JAMES H. ANDERSON.
UPPER SANDUSKY, OHIO, May 6, 1896.
Hon. J. H. Anderson, Columbus, Ohio,
DEAR JUDGE: I am directed by the officers of the Wyandot
County Pioneer Association to extend you an invitation to de-
liver an address at the picnic to be held at Crawford, Thursday,
June 11, on the occasion of the 114th anniversary of the burning
of Colonel William Crawford. Hoping to receive a favorable
answer, so that you can be duly mentioned in future notices and.
advertisements, I beg to remain,
Most respectfully,
E. N. HALBEDEL, Secretary.
1 This address was delivered before five or six thousand people, on
the banks of the Tymochtee, near Crawford's monument, in Crawford
township, Wyandot county, Ohio. Before the formation of Wyandot
county, Crawford township was in Crawford county. Crawford was burnt
by the Delaware Indians, June 11, 1782, where the monument now stands,
which is about seven miles north-west of Upper Sandusky, near Crawford
Station, and the town of Crawfordsville. The monument bears this in-
scription: "In memory of Colonel Crawford, who was burnt by the
Indians, in this valley, June 11, A. D. 1782." On the base are these words:
"Erected by the Pioneer Association of Wyandot County, August 3, 1877.[26]
August 3, 1882
Congress passes the first law to restrict immigration into the United States.[27]
August 3, 1905: Prince John was baptised on August 3, 1905 at St Mary Magdalene Church in Sandringham; his godparents were the King of Portugal; the Duke and Duchess of Sparta (his cousins); the Prince Carl of Denmark (his cousin); Princess Alexander of Teck (his cousin); Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (his eponymous great-granduncle); and the Duke of Fife (his uncle). Four of the five godfathers (the Duke of Sparta excluded) were represented by the Prince's father the Prince of Wales, while his aunt Princess Victoria stood proxy for both.[28]
August 3, 1909: Julia Amelia Connell, b November 12, 1828, Wellsburg, VA (now WV) d August 3, 1909 Cincinnati, Ohio William Quincy Adams, b July 20, 1827, Wellsburg VA (now WV) d November 12, 1892, Portsmouth, Ohio
These records are taken from Court House, Bible, Cemetery and old family records. [29]
August 3, 1914: During WWI, Germany declares war against France, while Turkey declares itself neutral. During the war, Jews from around the world came to help the French, including 600 Turkish Jews (as well as Jews from other Ottoman territories) signed up with the French Foreign Legion to help in the battle against the Germans.[30]
August 3, 1918: The flu showed no mercy for combatants on either side of the trenches. Over the summer, the first wave of the epidemic hit German forces on the Western Front, where they were waging a final, no-holds-barred offensive that would determine the outcome of the war. It had a significant effect on the already weakening morale of the troops--as German army commander Crown Prince Rupprecht wrote on August 3: poor provisions, heavy losses, and the deepening influenza have deeply depressed the spirits of men in the III Infantry Division. Meanwhile, the flu was spreading fast beyond the borders of Western Europe, due to its exceptionally high rate of virulence and the massive transport of men on land and aboard ship due to the war effort. By the end of the summer, numerous cases had been reported in Russia, North Africa and India; China, Japan, the Philippines and even New Zealand would eventually fall victim as well.[31]
August 3, 1918: Birthdate of Sidney Gottlieb who was an early and important official with the CIA.[32]
August 3, 1920: Lila Jane Hamilton b August 3, 1920 at Sioux City, Ia. md September 5, 1950 Richard Howland Finne b November 21, 1924 at Onawa, Ia. d January 2, 1965 at Torrance, Calif. Lila Jane and Richard Finne had two sons:
1. John Howland Finne b January 16, 1957 at Inglewood, Calif, and
2. Richard Frost Finne b April 19, 1959 at Torrance, Calif. [33]
August 3, 1923: Vice President Calvin Coolidge is sworn in as the 30th President of the United States following the death of President Warren Harding. Coolidge was not anti-Semite but some of his actions had a negative impact on Jews. In 1924, he signed the Johnson Act. This immigration law effectively ended the wave of immigration that had started in 1880. It contained a National Origins Quota System that favored Western
Europeans while barring those from Southern and Eastern Europe. This quota system would be in place during the Holocaust and would be used to deny Jews entry into the United States. Silent Cal did speak favorably about the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Finally, as Vice President he wrote a letter to a prominent Jewish leader which read in part, “Teach the ancient landmakers to the youth of the Jewish race…That learning and wisdome which has been a sustaining includence to the Jewish race through all the centuries must be preserved for the benefit of manking. The youth of your people can associate themselves for no morepatriotic purpose.”[34]
August 3, 1926: Birthdate of football coach and Coe College graduate Marv Levy.[35]
August 3, 1934: Adolf Hitler becomes the supreme leader of Germany by joining the offices of President and Chancellor into Fuhrer.[36]
August 3,1940The government at Vichy France passed anti-Jewish racial laws.[37]
•
August 3, 1940: Northern Transylvania is annexed by Hungary.[38]
August 3, 1941: One thousand, two hundred Jews arrested in Czenowitz. Almost seven hundred of them were executed. One thousand, five hundred fifty Jews were removed from the town of Mitau. In Stanislawow, hundreds of doctors were shot. [39]
July 27, July 31; August 3, 1942: On three separate days, more than 10,500 Przemysl Jews are deported to Belzec. The first day of the Aktion, Wehrmacht lieutenant Dr. Alfred Battel rescues Jews in the imploy of the Wehrmacht.[40]
August 3, 1942
Jean Leguay writes a hypocritical note to the prefect of the Orleans region. It seems evident that, informed by German security police of the coming children’s deportations, the Prefecture has asked for instructions because it faces the duty of separating more than 2,000 mothers from children who soon will be deported as well. Why not, the Prefecture asks, deport mothers and children together?
Leguay’s directive is clear and imperative; “The children should not leave in the same [deportation] convoys as their parents; they will be kept in camp, either at Pithiviers or Beaune’la-Roland.”
To ease the conscience of the Orleans prefect, Leguay adds: “While awaiting their departure to rejoin their parents, they will be cared for.” The image of their families apparently will make it easier for the Prefecture to order gendarmes to beat the mothers to separate them from their children. And those involved can find the moral strength to carry out their orders knowing the mothers will soon find their children again, somewhere at the other end of Europe.
In fact, Leguay add, the children will be leaving soon: “the children’s trains will begin departures in the second half of August.” Thus, he knows perfectly well that on Aust 3, 5, and 7, 2000 mothers will be separated from their children and deported, and thaqqt the children themselves will be deported starteing two weeks later. What meaning does he give these deportations if, for an interval of two weeks between the last mothers; train and the first children;s train, he inflictrs extraordinary suffering on the mothers and children by deporting them separately? Leguay pretends he is not aware of the cruelty to be experienced by these children, more than 800 of them under six years of age, crossing Europe in sealed boxcars in midsummer, without their mothers, to be delivered to the mercies of the SS.
Berlin has agreed inprinciple to the children’s deportation in the second half of August without fixing a specific date for the first convoy. Leguay, by this time the principal negotiator and organizer of the operation on the French side, is now in a strong position to maike the Germans accept the simultaneous deportation of the mothers and their children, sparing them the horror of separation. It would have been enough to announce a delay to Rothke, or to threaten a delay, in delivery of the first 3,000 to 4,000 Jews frfom the Unoccupied Zone. Berlin would have quickly agreed to permit the deportation of parents and children at the same time. Leguay would have been certain of support from Gousquet and LaVAL; AFTER ALL, THE Premier had revealed his “humanitarian” wish that the children not be separated from their parents. There would have been coherence in the French position; the decision that families would be brokien up by the separate deportations contradicrted the calming effect sought by Laval.
But why try to obtaihn more humane conditions from the Germans? Leguay closes his eyes to the real significance of the deportations, which he contributes to making even more atrocious. His principal preoccupation, in his sunny office on the Rue de Monceau, is to fill the deportation trains scheduled by the Gestapo. Leguay never visited the Loireet camps or Drancy, where children were interned in physical and emotionhjal misery; he never dared ask news of them from the Gestapo, nor whether the two year olds deported not knowinhg their names ever found their mothers, somewhere in Eastern Europe in the mythical and absurd “Jewish reserve” called Auschwitz, in the center of the Polish territory annexed by Germany.[41]
August 3, 1944: At Strassenhof Camp, 2,400 Jews were marched away to never return. They were all under the age of eighteen and gassed in a makeshift crematorium. Three days later the Red Army liberated the 600 surviving camp members. [42]
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[1] This Day in Jewish History.
[2] http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/germany.htm
[3] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 56.
[4] Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land, by Clarence H. Wagner, Jr. page 200.
[5] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 56.
[6] This Day in Jewish History
[7] This Day in Jewish History.
[8] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888
[9] Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 323
[10] Annals of Southwestern Pennsylvania by Lewis Clark Walkinshaw, A.M. Volume II pgs. 22-23.
[11] Annals of Southwestern Pennsylvania by Lewis Clark Walkinshaw, A.M. Volume II pg. 28.
[12] The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell, 1774-1777 pg. 99
[13] Washingtons’s Crossing, David Hackett Fischer pg. 381
The source is Johnston, The Campaign of I776Around New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn, 1878), 123—25.
[14] Rueffer: Enemy Views, by Bruce Burgoyne pgs. 167-167
[15] THE BATTLES OF TRENTON AND PRINCETON BY WILLIAM S. STRYKER
[16] Kaskaskia was the original gateway to the west. It was a thriving French capital and the first capital of Illinois. If you look for Kaskakia on the map now, you cant find it. Today it is an island on the Mississippi river with 9 residents. They have a Missouri zip code and Illinois drivers licenses. The first governor of Illinois home still stands today. In a church that goes back to 1675 holds its biggest treasure, a liberty bell older than the one in Philadelphia. It is from King Louis XV. (How the States Got Their Shapes, HIST, 4/6/2010.)
[17] George Rogers Clark Papers 1781-1784 James Alton James, Ed.
[18] On This Day in America, by John Wagman.
[19] Clark. William Clark. (1770-1838). Younger brother of George Rogers Clark. A company commander under General Anthony Wayne in western PA during the period of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794. It is unclear whether Clark served at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (also 1794). In 1803, while involved in family affairs in Indiana Territory, he received an invitation from his former subordinate, Meriwether Lewis, inviting him to share command of a Corps of Discovery exploration of the land acquired from France (Louisiana Purchase). In October 1803, Lewis arrived in Clarksville, Indiana Territory, from Pittsburgh with his keelboat and second craft. Clark and ten others joined the Lewis crew. One of Clark’s men was a Black slave named York. Native Americans in Montana and the Rocky Mountains marvelled at York's black skin, as they apparently had never seen a Black before.
After the Corps of Discovery exploration, Clark remained in the new territory in several positions of responsibility. Indians grew to refer to St. Louis as “Redhair’s Town” in honor of Clark's bright-red hair.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm
[20] (Washington County, Mo. Deed Bk. B, p. 14; see Hinkson section, p. 25) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[21] Further reading
•Grant, Ethan. "The Treaty Of San Lorenzo And Manifest Destiny" Gulf Coast Historical Review, 1997, Vol. 12 Issue 2, pp 44–57
•Young, Raymond A. "Pinckney's Treaty - A New Perspective," Hispanic American Historical Review, Nov 1963, Vol. 43 Issue 4, pp 526–535
Citations
1. ^ Rembert W. Patrick, Florida Fiasco: Rampant Rebels on the Georgia-Florida Border (2010) p 266
2. ^ http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/sp1795.asp Avalon Project of Lillian Goldman Law Library at Yale University
3. ^ O'Brien, Greg. "Choctaw and Power". Choctaws in a Revolutionary Age, 1750–1830. University of Nebraska Press.
[22] The chronology of Xenia and Greene County Ohio., http://fussichen.com/oftheday/otdx.htm
[23] (Ste. Genevieve County Deed Bk. A, p. 203) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[24] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824
[25] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove. This date is blank.
[26] Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
[27]On this day in America by John Wagman.
[28] Wikipedia
[29] http://www.brookecountywvgenealogy.org/CONNELL.html
[30] This Day in Jewish History.
[31] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-cases-reported-in-deadly-influenza-epidemic
[32] This Day in Jewish History.
[33] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
• [34] This day in Jewish History.
• [35] This Day in Jewish History.
[36] This Day in Jewish History.
[37] This Day in Jewish History.
[38] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1763.
[39] This Day in Jewish History.
[40] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1772.
[41] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 44-45.
[42] This Day in Jewish History.
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