This Day in Goodlove History, February 5

• This Day in Goodlove History, February 5

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com

•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

•

• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.

•

• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

•

A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com and that will take them right to it.



The Goodlove Reunion 2011 will be held Sunday, June 12 at Horseshoe Falls Lodge at Pinicon Ridge Park, Central City, iowa. This is the same lodge we used for the previous reunions. Contact Linda at pedersen37@mchsi.com.



Birthdays on this date: Joseph Weber, Nancy J. Sherman, William H. Plum, John L. LeClere, Melvin Godlove, Sarah E. Connell



Weddings on this date; Joan Abney and Jon L. Lorence, Essie A. Newman and Albert E. Kruse



In a message dated 1/25/2011 12:48:11 A.M. Central Standard Time,



Dad, WATCH!! ASAP :) XOXO



http://www.youtube.com/user/statefarm?v=SauUa5Z4Ihw&feature=pyv&ad=7563365514&kw=hot%20tub%20commercial



Jacqulin, Those college students! Dad.





This Day…

February 5, 1428: King Alfonso V, ordered Sicily's Jews to attend conversion sermons.[1]

1430s

By the beginning of the 1430s… the Spanish church began to denounce “New Christians” as heretics and blasphemers, for many of the New Christians secretly practiced Judaism and, in the presumed safety of their homes, transmitted it to their children. Outwardly Christian but often secretly Jewish, New Christians also incurred the wrath of the nobility because of their frequent social prominence as well as their influence upon the governance of the realm. In addition, the general population despised them because of their success as financiers and their service as tax collectors.[2]

February 5, 1576: Henry of Navarre, who will become Henry IV, converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France.[3]

1578

In A.D. 1578, (temp. James VI.) an order from the Privy Council was sent to Donald MacKinnon of Strathordell, probably a brother of the Chief as well as to MacLean of Duart, forbidding them to assist Colin, sixth Earl of Argyle in an expedition against the Laird of Glengarry. These decided measures seem to have checked the Earl's proceedings.[4]



February 5, 1631

• 1631: Roger Williams emigrated to Boston. A believer in religious toleration, Williams would be forced to leave Boston which populated by the intolerant Puritans. In Rhode Island, Williams would practice the religious toleration that became part of the American fabric and would make the United States a unique experience for the Jews. [5] Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island and an important American religious leader, arrives in Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony from England. Williams, a Puritan, worked as a teacher before serving briefly as a colorful pastor at Plymouth and then at Salem. Within a few years of his arrival, he alarmed the Puritan oligarchy of Massachusetts by speaking out against the right of civil authorities to punish religious dissension and to confiscate Indian land. In October 1635, he was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony by the General Court.

After leaving Massachusetts, Williams, with the assistance of the Narragansett tribe, established a settlement at the junction of two rivers near Narragansett Bay, located in present-day Rhode Island. He declared the settlement open to all those seeking freedom of conscience and the removal of the church from civil matters, and many dissatisfied Puritans came. Taking the success of the venture as a sign from God, Williams named the community "Providence."

Among those who found a haven in the religious and political refuge of the Rhode Island Colony were Anne Hutchinson,like Williams, exiled from Massachusetts for religious reasons; some of the first Jews to settle in North America; and the Quakers. In Providence, Roger Williams also founded the first Baptist church in America and edited the first dictionary of Native American languages.[6]

February 5, 1754

1754 6th great grandparents William and Hannah Crawford purchase 64 acres of land from Elijah Teague, (who was moving to some part of Carrolinia)[7] February 5, 1754, formerly part of 300 acres of land owned by Richard Pendals. Deed Book B, page 148, Frederick Co., VA. Proclamation of Governor Robert Dinwiddle for volunteers for the Virginia defene and security.

William Crawford and his brother Valentine Crawford, Jr., enlisted in the service and took the oath to King George Ill. Recorded in the “Old” Court House, Winchester, VA.[8]





February 5, 1771; George Washington’s Journal: The gentlemen all went away. I rid to my mill in the afternoon.[9]



(February 5, 1773)

Interestingly McClure wrote later in his diary (February 5, 1773) when

He reached Pittsburgh again:Drinking, debauchery & all kinds of vice reign, in this frontier of depravity. [10]



February 5th, 1776.

(George Washington) Spent the evening at the Tavern with Mr. V. Crawford. (Compilers sixth great grand uncle)

February 5, 1777
But why would Eleanor have used the surname Howard rather than McKinnon when obtaining the marriage license?
On February 5, 1777, the General Assembly of Maryland enacted a law which made it necessary for every male 18 years and older, every civil officer, senator, delegate to congress or assembly, member of council, elector of the senate, attorneys at law, every voter for delegate, sheriff, electors of to the senate, and all other persons holding any office of trust or profit in the state to sign an Oath of Allegiance and Fidelity to the state of Maryland and the cause of freedom before a magistrate of the court. John Dodson signed the Oath on February 5, 1777. However, Daniel McKinnon, being ordained by the Church of England had sworn an oath to the king of England and if he were still in Maryland, probably felt he could not make such an oath. A careful review reveals there is no record of him signing the Oath of Allegiance.
If it is correct that Daniel McKinnon returned to Britain in 1776 or 1777 as a result of the dis-establishment of the Church of England, Eleanor no longer had a home. The law required that she obtain the marriage license in the county where she usually resided and since the family moved frequently, she may have needed proof that she usually resided in Anne Arundel County. What better proof than the Howard surname that had long been associated with Anne Arundel County.
With Daniel McKinnon out of the country, Eleanor could have wanted to set the record straight as to her true father.
Since the illegitimate birth of Eleanor McKinnon was a very scandalous affair at that time, the clerk of the court for Anne Arundel County granting the license was someone who usually had intimate knowledge of the county and he may have known that the true father of Eleanor McKinnon was a Howard. (A review of the original record shows no interlineations or changes in the marriage license entry.)[12]
February 5, 1777: On this day in 1777, Georgia formally adopts a new state constitution and becomes the first U.S. state to abolish the inheritance practices of primogeniture and entail.

Primogeniture ensured that the eldest son in a family inherited the largest portion of his father's property upon the father's death. The practice of entail, guaranteeing that a landed estate remain in the hands of only one male heir, was frequently practiced in conjunction with primogeniture. (Virginia abolished entail in 1776, but permitted primogeniture to persist until 1785.)

Georgians restructured inheritance laws in Article LI of the state's constitution by abolishing entail in all forms and proclaiming that any person who died without a will would have his or her estate divided equally among their children; the widow shall have a child's share, or her dower at her option.

The British colonies in North America, and particularly the southern colonies, were known as a haven for younger sons of the British gentry. Most famously, Benjamin Franklin announced in his autobiography that he was the youngest Son of the youngest Son for 5 Generations back. Moving to the colonies was an attractive option for younger sons like Franklin because there younger sons could take their monetary inheritance and build up their own estates, whereas primogeniture and entail prevented them from inheriting similar estates in the mother country.[13]

February 5, 1778



Headqtrs., Ft. Pitt February 5th, 1778

Dr Sir



As I am credibly informed that the English have lodged a quantity of arms, ammunition, provision & clothing at a small Indian town about 100 miles from Fort Pitt, to support the savages in their excursions against the inhabitants of this and adjacent counties, I ardently wish to collect as many brave active lads as are willing to turn out, to destroy this magazine. Every man must be provided with a horse, & every article necessary to equip them for the expedition, except ammun­tion, which, with some arms, I can furnish.

It may not be unnecessary to assure them, that everything they are able to bring away shall be sold at public venue for the sole benefit of the captors, & the money equally distributed, tho’ I am certain that a sense of the service they will render to their country will operate more strongly than the expectation of gain. I therefore expect you will use your influence on this occasion, & bring all the volun­teers you can raise to Fort Pitt by the 15th of this month.



I am, dear Sir, Obdt humble Servt. Edwd Hand Col. Wm. Crawford.

N.B. The horses shall be appraised, & paid for if lost.



…The army was more interested in the warriors they thought were hidden in the other wegiwas and cabins of the village, and they poured a hot, prolonged fire into them, which gradually dwindled away as they realized they were shooting at structures in which there were no men. Then Michikapeche, the wife of Pimoacan, emerged from a cabin and tried to flee amidst a hail of bullets. A rifle ball clipped off the tip of one of her fingers, and she was overtaken and on the verge of being tomahawked and scalped when Maj. William Crawford intervened and ordered that she be taken prisoner.317 The village was then ransacked, but only a small amount of plunder was found and taken.

Another detachment of this brave army struck a second Delaware town up the Mahoning. It, too, was empty except for five squaws. One was taken prisoner. Nearby a young Indian boy hunting birds with his bow was spotted. He was shot and killed. Then the army set off for home.

Today they arrived at Fort Pitt, and there was little exultation over their accomplishments. Even before the day was over, the abortive expedition was being called by the derisive name it would always retain—the Squaw Campaign.[14]





[Recollections of Samuel Murphy. 3S28-32.J



General Hand’s expedition. This was in the winter 1777-78 with a slight fall of fresh snow. About 400 men [went out]. Col. Providence Mounts, of Mounts Creek,[15] which empties in Youghiogheny, was out. Col. William Crawford, Major Brenton, Capt. John Stephenson, Captain Scott,[16] etc. William Brady, a blacksmith of Pittsburgh, was chosen pilot.[17] Simon Girty was out, and wanted the appointment.

On the way out, Major Brenton lost his horse, and he got Simon Girty to remain with him, they found the horse, and rejoined the army just at the close of the fight, or rather firing, on the Indian town, in the forks of Neshaneck and Shenango and on the eastern bank of the latter.[18] Orders had been given as they approached the town to surround it, but Colonel Mounts did not fully accomplish his part, and left a gap, and Pipe’s wife and children got off, a little fall of snow on the ground. This Pipe was a brother of Captain Pipe. The mother of the Pipes, an old squaw was pursued and shot at repeatedly, when Thomas Ravenscroft[19] ran up to the old squaw and tried to pull her away, but the bullets still flying, and had a ball through his legging; when a Major came up and put a stop to firing, when it was ascertained that the only injury she had received was the loss of an end of a little finger. An old squaw was shot by Lieut. [John] Hamilton[20] and wounded in the leg, mistaking her for a warrior; and a soldier ran up and tonia­hawked her, and a second ran up and shot her. Pipe shot and wounded Captain Scott and disabled his arm, and when nearly ready to shoot again, some one shot Pipe, and Reasin Virgin passing sunk the tomahawk in his head. Then commenced a wild yelling and shooting, without giving the least heed to the officers. A few cabins only were there, a little plunder ob­tained. This was about midday in February or March.

That afternoon a party started off for a small Indian settlement several miles up the Mahoning at a place called the Salt Licks.[21] Simon Girty went as pilot. They did not reach the place until in the night, found the warriors all absent hunting, found a few squaws there, and took [one] prisoner and brought her off, the others were left. A small Indian boy out with a gun shooting birds was discovered and killed, and several claimed the honor; and it was left to Girty to decide, and his decision was that one Zach. Connell[22] killed the lad.

At the first town, the mother of Pipe was left in the town. An old Dutchman scalped the squaw that had been killed, and put the scalp in his wallet with his provisions, and in swimming a stream on return the Dutchman lost off his wallet, and exclaimed patheti­cally “0, I loss my prosock and my scuip.” This was long a byword with the troops.

* * * * * * * *



This campaign of Hand’s was better known as the Squaw campaign.[23] Hand was greatly displeased, and doubtless it contributed greatly towards his leaving the frontiers and rejoining the main army.[24]







February 5, 1778

The military records show that John Dodson was inducted into by Lt. James Brice. This process took place February 5, 1778 in Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. [25] Lt. James Brice was the son of Captain John Brice. St. John's parich register shows that on November 19, 1761 Sarah Bryce, the second daughter of Captain John Bryce of Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland was married to Richard Henderson. [26]This wedding took place while the McKinnon family was associated with St. John's parish. Thus it is likely that Eleanor knew the Brice Family and they could have acted to bring John Dodson and Eleanor (Howard) McKinnon together.



The register for the military unit being formed in Annapolis shows the following enlistments:



Name Rank Date Enlisted Date Discharged Remarks



Majors. Jno pbt February 4, 1778 August 16, 1881 Prisoner



Dodson John Pvt February 5, 1778 June 11, 1778 Discharged



Pringic. John Pvt 6 February 6, 1778 August 16, 1880 Missing



Rady. Laurence Pvt February 7, 1778 July 8, 1779 Deserted



Cheney. John Pvt February 10, 1778



Timms. Edward Pvt February 11, 1778 November 1, 1880 Present



Therefore it appears that John Dodson was not part of any group but rather enlisted himself on that date.[27]



February 5, 1778: During the American Revolution South Carolina became the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation, which was the first document of national governance for the newly created United States of America which was still fighting Great Britain to gain its independence.[28]



1781 Colonel William Crawford resigns his position in the Army. He sat as Justice for Youghiogheny Co., VA.

February 5, Colonel William Crawford was to attend meetings on February 5 and May 8. He did not attend.[29]



February 5, 1782

Morgantown record, Book 1, 1780-1830, the dates of Feb. 5th and May 8th 1782, Col. William Crawford was scheduled to attend, but did not appear. Many times the author has wondered about the reason William Crawford, which kept him away from this meeting on these two given dates. (1782 was the year of the Ohio Sandusky Expedition, on which Col. Crawford was killed). Had he lived, he would have been a very rich man.[30]



February 5, 1782: The Spanish defeated British garrison on Minorca and captured the island. When Minorca had become an English possession in 1713, the English willingly offered “asylum to thousands of Jews” who responded in large enough numbers to justify the building of at least one synagogue. However, when the English left the island after this defeat, the Jews left too. After all, Spain was still the land of the Inquisition.[31]



February 5, 1846: The Adm. of Nancy Vance, decd.....paid from March 4, 1844 to September 4, 1844.



FINAL PAYMENT RECORD



Date of death of Nancy Vance is given as February 8, 1845. Payment made to Law. Marx, Atty., February 5, 1846. Ricmond Roll. No other genealogical data of interest.[32]



Fri. February 5, 1864

Left cario at 2 pm passed Columbus[33] KY hickman Ky both small land bluffy



February 5, 1917: The Congress of the United States overrides President Wilson’s veto of the Immigration Act of 1917, which contains a literacy test, making the act the law of the land. This override marked the end of a twenty yearlong battle that had begun in 1897 when President Grover Cleveland vetoed an immigration act passed by Congress. President Taft vetoed a similar bill in 1913. Jewish groups opposed the act, especially the literacy test, because they saw it as a thinly veiled way to exclude Jewish immigrants from eastern and southern Europe from coming to the United States. Jewish immigration to the United States peaked in 1906 when 150,000 Jews made their way to the United States. In 1914, even with the war having broken out in, 140,000 Jews came to the United States. By 1917, only 14,000 Jews were admitted to the United States.[34]



February 5, 1929: Fifth Aliyah begins. The Fifth Aliyah marked a ten-year period when approximately 250,000 Jews settled in pre-War Palestine. This new wave of Jewish immigration was sparked by a number of causes including the restrictions on immigrations adopted by the United States in the 1920’s, the end of the Arab Uprising of the 1920’s and the rise of Hitler which brought a wave of German immigrants to the Jewish homeland. The arrival of the Germans changed the nature of the Jewish community, because unlike the previous immigrants they were not from Russia and they were not committed Zionists eager for life on the Kibbutz.[35] I wonder how many DNA matches to the Goodlove Cohen DNA with common ancestors made their way to Israel during this period?



February 5, 1941: The Law for the Protection of the State is passed in Romania, making Romanian Jews subject to double the punishment meted out to other Romanians for crimes committed.[36]

February 5, 1941: On this day in 1941, Adolf Hitler scolds his Axis partner, Benito Mussolini, for his troops' retreat in the face of British advances in Libya, demanding that the Duce command his forces to resist.

Since 1912, Italy had occupied Libya because of purely economic "expansion" motives. In 1935, Mussolini began sending tens of thousands of Italians to Libya, mostly farmers and other rural workers, in part to relieve overpopulation concerns in Italy. So by the time of the outbreak of the Second World War, Italy had enjoyed a long-term presence in North Africa, and Mussolini began dreaming of expanding that presence--always with an eye toward the same territories that the old "Roman Empire" had counted among its conquests.

Also sitting in North Africa were British troops, which, under a 1936 treaty, were garrisoned in Egypt to protect the Suez Canal and Royal Navy bases at Alexandria and Port Said. Hitler had offered to aid Mussolini early on in his North African expansion, to send German troops to help fend off a British counterattack. But Mussolini had been rebuffed when he had offered Italian assistance during the Battle of Britain. He now insisted that as a matter of national pride, Italy would have to create a Mediterranean sphere of influence on its own--or risk becoming a "junior" partner of Germany's.

But despite expansion into parts of East Africa and Egypt, Mussolini's forces proved no match for the Brits in the long run. British troops pushed the Italians westward, inflicting extraordinary losses on the Axis forces in an attack at Beda Fomm. As Britain threatened to push the Italians out of Libya altogether and break through to Tunisia, Mussolini swallowed his pride and asked Hitler for assistance. Hitler reluctantly agreed (it would mean the first direct German-British encounter in the Mediterranean)--but only if Mussolini stopped the Italians' retreat and kept the British out of Tripoli, the Libyan capital. But the Italians continued to be overwhelmed; in three months, 20,000 men were wounded or killed and 130,000 were taken prisoner. Only with the arrival of German Gen. Erwin Rommel would the Italian resistance be strengthened against further British advances. Even with Germany's help, Italy was able to defend its North African territory only until early 1943.[37]

February 5, 1943

Italian dictator Benito Mussolini dismisses Foreign Minister Count Ciano and assumes his duties.[38]



February 5, 1943: For 14 hours the Jews of Birkenau stood in place, in the snow, during a roll call. Then each was beaten, chased or sent to the gas chamber.[39]

February 5, 1943: Rutka Laskier, a fourteen year old living in Bedzin, Poland wrote in her diary: “The rope around us is getting tighter and tighter. Next month there should already be a ghetto, a real one, surrounded by walls. In the summer it will be unbearable. To sit in a gray locked cage, without being able to see fields and flowers. Last year I used to go to the fields; I always had many flowers, and it reminded me that one day it would be possible to go to Malachowska Street without taking the risk of being deported. Being able to go to the cinema in the evening; I'm already so "flooded" with the atrocities of the war that even the worst reports have no effect on me. I simply can't believe that one day I'll be able to leave the house without the yellow star. Or even that this war will end one day ... If this happens, I will probably lose my mind from joy.
But now I need to think about the near future, which is the ghetto. Then it will be impossible to see anyone, neither Micka, who lives in Kamionka C, nor Janek, who lives in D, and not Nica, who lives in D. And then what will happen? Oh, good Lord. Well, Rutka, you've probably gone completely crazy. You are calling upon God as if He exists. The little faith I used to have has been completely shattered. If God existed, He would have certainly not permitted that human beings be thrown alive into furnaces, and the heads of little toddlers be smashed with butts of guns or be shoved into sacks and gassed to death ... It sounds like a fairy tale. Those who haven't seen this would never believe it. But it's not a legend; it's the truth. Or the time when they beat an old man until he became unconscious, because he didn't cross the street properly. This is already absurd; it's nothing, as long as there won't be Auschwitz ... and a green card ... The end ... When will it come? ...”[40]



February 5-12, 1943: In Bialystok, 2,000 Jews are killed and 10,000 deported to Treblinka; Jews offer armed resistance.[41] For one week Germans are greeted with an armed uprising as they try to deport the final group of Bialystok Jews. By February 12th, 18,000 were in hiding.[42]



February 5, 2010



Good morning Jeff,



I can't help but wonder what would all those Christians have done with their time if they were not busy expelling Jews from their land.



Susan



Susan, fortunately, they were so busy expelling that they had not yet figured out a more "permanent solution." Jeff





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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[2] A time for Planting, The First Migration 1654-1823 by Eli Faber 1992 pg 5.

[3] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[4] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888

[5] Thisdayinjewishhistory.com

[6] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roger-williams-arrives-in-america

[7] The River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969 p.42.`

[8] The Brothers Crawford, Allen W. Scholl, 1995

[9] (From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford, by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, page 118.)

[10] Diary of David McClure, New York, Knickerbocker Press, 1899, p. 108 The Brothers Crawford, Scholl, 1995, p. 24-25.



[11] The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell 1774-1777 pg 137

[12] (http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html)

[13] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/georgia-constitution-abolishes-primogeniture-and-entail

[14] That Dark and Bloody River, Allan W. Eckert 3NN95 Transcript. Draper Series, Volume III Frontier Defense on the Upper Ohio, 1777-1778 Wisconsin Historical Society pgs. 201-202

[15] 80 Providence Mounts was a Marylander by birth, and is said to have been with Washington at Fort Necessity. In 1768 he removed to the Youghiogheny, in what is now Connellsville township of Fayette County, where he erected a mill on a creek which there emptied into the river. During the Revolution he was colonel of the 2nd battalion of Westmoreland militia, and in addition to this expedition served in the pursuit of the savage enemy after the sack of Hannastown (1782). He died at his home in 1784, and after his decease his land was patented to his descendants.—Eo.

[16] 81 Capt. David Scott was born on the South Branch of Potomac River, but in I7~O? he moved to the Monongahela, near the site of the present Granville—a town founded by his son Felix Scott.—Monongalia County, West Va. Captain Scott built one or more mills in the vicinity, and was a prominent resident. In i7~? Indians murdered his daughters Fanny and Phebe as they were taking dinner to men in the hayfield. Later, a son named James barely escaped capture. An old house said to have been built by Captain Scott in 1776, was lately standing on the farm of the Gapen family, who descended from Captain Scott’s youngest daughter.—ED.

[17] 82 Nothing more appears in reference to this guide. According to Samuel Murphy’s recollections, he was not of the family of Samuel Brady.—Eo.

[18]The first of these two streams is usually written Neshannock. The village raided must have been on the site of the present town of Newcastle, Mercer County, Pa. This was probably part of the Kuskuskies towns (see ante, note 45), which originally were built by the Iroquois. These villages seem to have still been their abode when Washington visited the West in 1753. The latter did not enter Kuskuskies, but passed near it on his route from Logstown to Venango. After the opening of the French and Indian War, the Iroquois abandoned this region, which was then given over to the Delawares, who had important settlements on Beaver Creek and its branches. There the Moravian envoy Frederick Christian Post visited them in the summer of 1758. He describes Kuskuskies as composed of four towns, some distance apart, and says that at one of them the French had built houses for the Delawares; probably it was on the site of Newcastle. In the period between the English capture of Fort Duquesne (1758), and Pontiac’s War (1763), the Delaware tribesmen withdrew in large measure to the Tuscarawas and Muskingum. The village raided by Hand’s warriors —would appear to have been at this time (1778) inconsiderable, with few vestiges of its former importance.—En.

[19] 84 Thomas Ravenscroft was born about 1750, and brought up in the family of Col. William Crawford. His first military service was in Dunmore’s army in 1774; the next year (1775) he enlisted in Capt. John Stephenson’s company, and later joined the 13th Virginia under Colonel Russell. Discharged at the close of 1777 or early in 1778, he was out with Hand on this expedition, and in 1781 enlisted under Clark for service in an expedition to Detroit, with a commission as lieutenant. Clark’s expedition having been abandoned, Ravenscroft‘as employed in guarding the frontier. When out with Col. John Floyd in September, 1781, he was captured and taken prisoner to Detroit—see original letter of Floyd, relating this event, in Draper MSS., 51J89. From Detroit he was sent down to Montreal and there (June 20, 1782) made his escape, but was shortly recaptured—see Canadian Archives. 1887, p. 307. At the close of the Revolution, Ravenscroft was exchanged and returned to Kentucky, where he married either the widow or daughter of Col. John Hinkston. He was living in Harrison County, Ky., as late as 1823.—ED.



[20] 85 Lieut. John Hamilton lived in what is now Washington County, Pa. In the autumn of 1775 he enlisted in the 13th Virginia and served in the Eastern army, being at the battles at head of Elk River, at Brandywine, and Germantown. He would seem to have been ordered to Fort Pitt late in 1777, and to have served in the West until his discharge on Nov. 23, 1778. Ten years later he moved to Ohio with Stites and Symmes, who were settling the Miami country. Hamilton was employed as an Indian trader, and died in Ohio in 1822. For much of this information, our thanks are due to Mr. John S. Hunt of Chicago—En.



[21] 86 For the location of Salt Lick Town, see ante, p. 178, note 45. The town at this site was, according to the testimony of John McCullough, a captive living at the place, built in 1755. During the French and Indian and Pontiac’s wars it was a place of much importance, and several prisoners were brought there to be delivered to General Bouquet (1764). After that, however, the town declined, but the lick was frequented for salt-making until 1804, when a final skirmish occurred between the aborigines and the intruding white settlers—ED.

[22] 87 Zachariah Connell, founder of the Pennsylvania town named Connellsville in his honor, was a native of Virginia (1741) and settled upon this site about 1770. With him came his brother James, who married Anne, daughter of Col. William Crawford. In 1776 Zachariah was appointed captain of militia for Yohogania County, and one of the justices for the same. He was very regular in attendance at county court, as the records show. Connell was a surveyor and laid out a large landed estate for himself; he acted also as business agent for prominent Eastern investors in Western lands. In 1793 he chartered the town bearing his name; and in 1800 built the first bridge over the river at this place. He died at his home in the village Aug. 26, 1813. At the time of his death he was building a large stone house, which still stands in the borough of Connellsville.—En.

[23] 88 The British report of this misadventure is given in Mich. Pion. & Hist. Colls., ix. p. 436: “A party from Fort Pitt had fallen on a Delaware Village and killed or carried off eight persons, but unfortunately for the Rebels they have struck in the wrong place and have sent back two squaws who were prisoners to atone for their error.”—En.

[24] Draper Series, Volume III Frontier Defense on the Upper Ohio, 1777-1778, Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison pgs. 215-220



[25] . (Muster Rolls & Other Records of Service of Maryland Troops in the American Revolution, 1775-1783. Muster of Maryland Troops, Vol. 1, First Regimant, Genealogical Publishing Co) ., Inc. Baltimore, MD, 1972.)

[26] (Maryland State Archives, St. John's Parish Records, Microfilm Roll M 229. Page 331.)

[27] (http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html)

[28] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[29] The Brothers Crawford, Allen W. Scholl, 1995

[30] (From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford, by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, page 118.)

[31] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[32] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett p. 910.12

[33] Arrived at Columbus at 4 o’clock made a short stop and then proceeded on our journey everything going off smoothly. (Rollins Diary) http://ipserv2.aea14.k12.ia.us/iacivilwar/Resources/rollins diary.htm

[34] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[35] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[36] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1764.

[37] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hitler-to-mussolini-fight-harder

[38] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[39] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[40] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[41] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1775

[42] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/