This Day in Goodlove History, February 17

• This Day in Goodlove History, February 17

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com

•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

•

• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.

•

• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

•

A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com and that will take them right to it.



The Goodlove Reunion 2011 will be held Sunday, June 12 at Horseshoe Falls Lodge at Pinicon Ridge Park, Central City, Iowa. This is the same lodge we used for the previous reunions. Contact Linda at pedersen37@mchsi.com



In a message dated 2/4/2011 7:30:21 A.M. Central Standard Time,



Dad, you’ll get a kick out of this one… Jacqulin



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_acGW_HDqcQ





Jacqulin, Very funny, I think?





This Day…



Sunday, February 17, 1754

Captain Trent of the Virginia Regiment begins construction of Fort Prince George at the Forks of the Ohio. [1]





February 17: 1772: First partition of Poland by Russia, Prussia and Austria. The multi-parted partition of Poland would mean the demise of the Polish nation until after World War I. Much to the disappointment of the Russians, they acquired a large Jewish population as a result of the partition; a Jewish population that the Russians did not want.[2]



1772

In the last 23 years of his rule until 1786, Frederick II, who understood himself as the "first servant of the state", promoted the development and further settling of Prussian areas, such as the Oderbruch. At the same time he built up Prussia's military power and participated in the First Partition of Poland with Austria and Russia (1772), an act which finally connected the Brandenburg territories with those of Prussia proper. During this period, he also opened Prussia's borders to immigrants fleeing from religious persecution in other parts of Europe, such as the Huguenots. Prussia became a safe haven in much the same way that the United States welcomed immigrants seeking freedom in the 19th century.[3]

1772

During the First Polish Republic (1569-1795), this area was known as Cracow and Sandomierz palatinates. Between 1772 and 1795 Poland was partitioned between the three neighboring European Empires: Russia, Prussia and Austria. In the first partition of 1772, one third of Poland's territory was taken. The area occupied by Austria was given the name of Galicia. In the second partition of 1793, Russia obtained one half on the remaining territory of Poland, while Prussia took the province of Poznan.

The third and final partition occurred in 1795, as the remnants of Poland were divided amongst Russia, Austria, and Prussia. Poland ceased to exist as a political entity. It disappeared from the map of Europe for over 100 years, not to reappear until after World War I. In the third partition, Austria annexed the large area between the Bug and Pilica rivers, including the Kielce-Radom area. Austria named this area New or West Galicia; the area that had been taken in 1772 was renamed East Galicia. West Galicia and East Galicia were merged into the single province of Galicia in 1803.[4]

1772: the anti-Russian movement "Confederation of Bar" is crushed by Russia that partitions one fourth of Poland with Prussia and Austria (Galicia, Krakow) [5]




The map of Central Europe in 1772. The Kingdom of Poland is marked in white; Russia - in green, Austria - in yellow and Prussia - in blue. Present-day political boundaries are shown as red lines. Present names of cities are also given.





[6]

Between 1772 and 1795 the entire territory of the Kingdom of Poland was divided between Prussia, Austria and Russia. During those so-called Partitions of Poland, Prussia acquired the western regions of Poland, esp. those, which were later renamed to West Prussia (formerly Royal Prussia) and Province of Posen (the area around Poznan, the Polish name being Wielkopolska, i.e. Greater Poland). The southern Polish territories around Kraków and Lwów were incorporated into the Austrian Empire and renamed "Galicia". The central and eastern provinces of Poland were taken over by the Russian Empire. Only during a short period when Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Central Europe, [7]he restored Poland as a Duchy of Warsaw, dependent on himself, consisting of the territories Prussia and Austria had annexed in 1793-95.





February 1774: The head of this line in this country was John Dodson, born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England in 1752. When but nineteen years of age and while still serving an apprenticeship he suddenly decided to embark for America, and landed at Annapolis, MD in 1771. From the fact that a Dodson family was then prominent in the vicinity of Annapolis, having settled there in the latter part of 1600, said John, of Shrewsbury, England may have been attracted there from a probable kinship and knowledge of them.



Rev. Ege's also claimed that John Dodson landed in Annapolis Maryland in 1771 but provided no documentation to support the claim. Several searches of the transport records of the time have not yielded any documentation to support the claim. Several searches of the transport records of the time have not yielded any documentation for this claim. However, a John Dodson was found leaving England in February 1774 as the result of a "Sentence of Transport" from London.[8]



George Washington To THOMAS LEWIS[9]



Mount Vernon, February 17, 1774.



Sir: Whilst I was in Williamsburg, which place I left a few days before the sitting of the Oyer Court in Decem’r last; heard that you, your brother and Col. Preston, were expectec in Town about that time: I took the liberty therefore to addres a pretty long Letter to my old friend and acquaintance Col. Andw. Lewis respecting some landed matters of my own, an to request him (as it seemed to be the determination of th Govr. and Council, that the Officers warrants should be exc cuted by the County Surveyor) to use his interest with you, t obtain a deputation for Capt: Wm. Crawford to survey in the District between the Monongahela and Ohio, from Fort Pitt downwards, as far as you might choose to extend it. By an unlucky mistake, and in a hurry, the letter which the Col, intended for you, he put under cover to me, which I shall be the more concernd at, if when he made the discovery, he did not address you a second Letter, by the conveyance he intended the first, tho the same purport. I now send his letter by express, having had no opportunity which I chose to embrace of doing it. It would not have been delayed so long, but for my waiting the coming in of Capt: Crawford, who never arrived here ‘till yesterday; and who now earnestly joins your Brother and me, in solliciting the above favor; which, be assured Sir, I shou’d not interest myself in, if I did not view him in the light of a very deserving man, strugling in that western Territory for a livlihood, after rendering his Country the best Services he was capable of, during the War.

Your Brothers letter to you, and to myself (both enclos’d) will inform you of his reasons for returning my warrants. I am satisfied with the propriety of his conduct therein. Tho’ I am concer’d at the delay; because I propose presently to inform you of the motive which induced me to wish for my Certificates with as much expedition as possible: for this purpose I now enclose you a warrant for 5o,ooo acres of Land, as also the Surveys which Capt. Crawford has made for me in that Country: these I intended, if the new Colony had taken place on the Ohio, to have patented in that Governm’t, if I could not obtain them under the Proclamation of 1763; for this reason it was, I had them survey’d. If therefore Sir, you will do me the favour to Grant a certificate (by which I can apply for and obtain a Patent for the Tract of 2913 acres, which may, as I am content, be call’d 3,000)1 shall acknowledge myself exceedingly obliged to you, and you may rest assured, I would not ask you to do this, if I thought there was any impropriety, or that there coul be any imposition in the matter. The other survey of 515 acre I am at a loss what to do about it; the quantity is too small t locate a iooo acres upon, and yet, rather than lose it, I must d so: permit me to ask then, if the matter can be so manage upon your Entry book, as to secure this tract against the at tempts of any other, upon condition of my surrendering on thousand acres of my claim for it, in case of any other appliction, but yet for me to have the privilege, of redeeming it as i were, by purchasing up sundry small claims to the amour of the Tract, and locating of them upon that spot. If this can b done, I should much prefer it, as I must otherwise lose nea 500 acres of Land, or obtain it of mountain: but as I said befon rather than not secure this tract of 515 acres, I wish to do it the expence of 1000 acres of my claim, as there has been a unjustifiable attempt made to take it from me.

I shall upon getting Patents for these Lands (on your Ccrtificates) pay you the same Fees, as if actually surveyed by your self, or Deputy; and the reason which makes me so anxious t have them returned into the office (as hinted before) is honestly this. Mr. Wood who went into the Government of West Florida last summer, was commanded by me among others I saw little prospect at that time of obtaining a Grant for Land under the royal Proclamation) to locate my quantity there; bI he was inform’d by Govr. Chester[10] (who had left England not long before) it was Lord Hilsborough’s opinion, that Provincial officers were not comprehended in that Proclamation This, aitho’ it is not the only proof of his Lordships’ malignar disposition towards Americans, may yet, if known to one Governor; though it ought not to be any rule for his conduct, as he has never been so instructed, set on foot an enquiry by which the proceedings here may be suspended. This,believe me Sir, as I conceive the services of a Provincial Officer as worthy of reward as those of a regular one, and can only be withheld from him with injustice, is the only reason of my wishing to hasten my certificates into the office, for otherwise the disadvantage of doing it, is apparent, on account of the short time allow’d for cultivation and improvement. I am, Sir, etc.[11]



Alexander Cowan to George Washington, February 17, 1775



BALTIMORE 17th. Febiy. 1775 (February 17)



SIR)



Mr Valentine Crawford got Credit for Some Goods from Capt. William Mc.Gachen Some time ago on your Accot:: and promised to pay for them in a Short time after he Reed. them but a twelvemonth has now ailmost elaps’d and have never heard from him--at Capt. Mc. Gachens departure for England he left me his Attorney, and beg’d I would request the favour of you to endeavour to get the Money for him, as he told me he was a manager for you in the Back woods, I hope it will not be a difficult Mater for You to procure payment from him, Inclosed you have his Accot.t and Shall take it as a Singular favour if you will drop me a few Lines to let me know whither you will be able to effect it or not, as I am realy in great want of money at this present time. ... And Am



[Note 1: 1 BALTO. March the 12th 1774 (March 12)

Mr. Valentine Crawford

Bot of William Mo. Gachen

To Sundrys per. bill furnish’d---~22 .. 9 .. 9 1/3

To Tnt. on the above Accot. from the 12th. Augt. 1774 till paid at 6 per Ct.---1



Sir

Your Most obt. hume. servt.

ALEXR. COWAN[12]







February 1777
The law regarding marriage in Maryland in 1778 is set forth in "An Act Concerning Marriages[13], February 1777 which provides in part:
lll. And be it enacted, that the rites of marriage between any white persons, subject or inhabitants of this state, shall not be celebrated by any persons within this state unless by ministers of the Church of England, Minister differing from that church, or Romish Priests, appointed or ordained by the rites and ceremonies of their respective church. If any perform contrary to the true intent (of this stature), he shall forfeit and pay for every offence 500 pounds current money.
V. And be it remembered that no person within this state shall marry withou such license as by this actr directed, or before the names of the parties intending to be married shall thrice be published in some parish or chapel, meeting house or Romish parish chapel or other house of religious worship in the county where the woman shall have her usual residence.
lX. And be it enacted that if any minister shall join in marrieage any male under the age of twenty-one years, or any female under the age of sixteen years, and not before married, without the consent of the parent of guardian, he shall forfeit and pay five hundred pounds current money.
Xll. And be it enacted that all licenses for marrieage shall be issued by the clerk of the court of that county where the woman shall have her usual residence."[14]



February 1778:







Personal ID:
VA33719




Last Name:
Moore
First Name:
Thomas
Suffix:




Rank:
1st Lieut
Rank Type:
Commissioned Officer
Ethnicity:




Brigade:
Muhlenburg's Brigade
Company:
Captain Benjamin Harrison




State:
VA
Regiment:
13 VA
Division:
Stirling's Division







--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Monthly Muster Roll Status


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

December 1777:
On Roll without Comment

January 1778:
On Roll without Comment

February 1778:
On Roll without Comment

March 1778:
On Roll without Comment

April 1778:
On Roll without Comment

May 1778:

June 1778:



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Additional Remarks (if any):

Born at "Arcadia" plantation in Kent County, Maryland, on March 7, 1745. He later migrated to Tyrone Township, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania and married Mary Harrison. Commissioned a lieutenant in November, 1776 and eventually promoted to captain. Took Oath of Allegiance at Valley Forge. Served until January, 1780. Following the Revolutionary War, he served with George Rogers Clark in Illinois. In 1802, Moore retired from the Kentucky Militia with the rank of major. Died in 1823 and buried in the Lindsay-Moore Cemetery, Harrison County, Kentucky.[15]



February 17, 1778

The marriage license to John and Eleanor was issued on February 17, 1778.[16]



February 1783



Franz Gotlob, born 1752/53 had served 5 years, 8 months since his enlistment in Werneck (Germany) in June of 1777. He was a Grenadier in von Linsingen Grenadier 4th Battalion. On this date in the unit rolls he was “appointed”. [13]



February 1783 (Franz Gotlop) present at muster[14]



JF[17]

February 17, 1801: An electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr Vice President by the United States House of Representatives. Thomas Jefferson was the fist President to appoint a Jew to a Federal post. In 1801 he named Reuben Etting of Baltimore as U.S. Marshall for Maryland. More importantly from a Jewish perspective was the fact that Jefferson was a strong defender of the concept of separation of church and state.[18] Thomas Jefferson is elected the third president of the United States. The election constitutes the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another in the United States.

By 1800, when he decided to run for president, Thomas Jefferson possessed impressive political credentials and was well-suited to the presidency. In addition to drafting the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson had served in two Continental Congresses, as minister to France, as secretary of state under George Washington and as John Adams' vice president.

Vicious partisan warfare characterized the campaign of 1800 between Democratic-Republicans Jefferson and Aaron Burr and Federalists John Adams, Charles C. Pinckney and John Jay. The election highlighted the ongoing battle between Democratic-Republican supporters of the French, who were embroiled in their own bloody revolution, and the pro-British Federalists who wanted to implement English-style policies in American government. The Federalists abhorred the French revolutionaries' overzealous use of the guillotine and as a result were less forgiving in their foreign policy toward the French. They advocated a strong centralized government, a standing military and financial support of emerging industries. In contrast, Jefferson's Republicans preferred limited government, unadulterated states' rights and a primarily agrarian economy. They feared that Federalists would abandon revolutionary ideals and revert to the English monarchical tradition. As secretary of state under Washington, Jefferson opposed Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton's proposal to increase military expenditures and resigned when Washington supported the leading Federalist's plan for a national bank.

After a bloodless but ugly campaign in which candidates and influential supporters on both sides used the press, often anonymously, as a forum to fire slanderous volleys at each other, the then-laborious and confusing process of voting began in April 1800. Individual states scheduled elections at different times and although Jefferson and Burr ran on the same ticket, as president and vice president respectively, the Constitution still demanded votes for each individual to be counted separately. As a result, by the end of January 1801, Jefferson and Burr emerged tied at 73 electoral votes apiece. Adams came in third at 65 votes.

This unintended result sent the final vote to the House of Representatives. Sticklers in the Federalist-controlled House of Representatives insisted on following the Constitution's flawed rules and refused to elect Jefferson and Burr together on the same ticket. The highly influential Federalist Alexander Hamilton, who mistrusted Jefferson but hated Burr more, persuaded the House to vote against Burr, whom he called the most unfit manfor the office of president. (This accusation and others led Burr to challenge Hamilton to a duel in 1804 that resulted in Hamilton's death.) Two weeks before the scheduled inauguration, Jefferson emerged victorious and Burr was confirmed as his vice president.

A contingent of sword-bearing soldiers escorted the new president to his inauguration on March 4, 1801, illustrating the contentious nature of the election and the victors' fear of reprisal. In his inaugural address, Jefferson sought to heal political differences by graciously declaring We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.

As president, Jefferson made some concessions to his opponents, including taking Hamilton's advice to strengthen the American Navy. In 1801, Jefferson sent naval squadrons and Marines to suppress Barbary piracy against American shipping. He reduced the national debt by one-third, acquired the Louisiana Territory, and his sponsorship of the Lewis and Clark expedition opened the west to exploration and settlement. Jefferson's first term ended in relative stability and prosperity, and in 1804 he was overwhelmingly elected to a second term.

The flawed voting system that was so problematic in the election of 1800 was later improved by the 12th Amendment, which was ratified in 1804.[19]

1801

1799, 1801, 1811 three children of “Franz (also Franziskus) and Maria Gottlob” baptized at Henron Church, Intermont, Hampshire County.[20]



1801



Typical Court Orders from the Orphan Court of Fayette Counts Pennsylvania, issued for the payment of the Pension of Hannah Crawford, widow of Colonel William Crawford.



1801

Robert Vance, Army Lands, VA, VA Military Dist. TX1801[21]

Samuel C. Vance, Army Lands, VA, VA Military Dist TX1801[22]

1801

About 1801 Joseph Vance moved into Ohio from May’s Lick, Kentucky, finally settling on a farm two and a half miles north of Urbana.

Under pioneer conditions his son Joseph had very little opportunity for an education, a lack which he felt keenly throughout his career. As a boy of fifteen he proved his resourcefulness and courage by saving money from his wages as a wood cutter at the May’s Lick salt works, buying a team of oxen, and peddling salt to the wilderness settlements.[23]



1801

At Circleville, Ohio,in Pickaway County (formed in 1810), Warrant no. 223, Uriah Springer, 700 acres. Surveyed about 1801 on no. 914, which no. belongs to Uriah Springer, Sr.[24]



1801

Russia’s one million Jews hailed Alexander I as a liberator, when he ascended the throne in 1801. He granted amnesty to political prisoners, abolished torture, permitted anyone who wished to set his serfs free. Jews were allowed to pursue any occupations they desired. They could attend Russian schools and universities, even settle in Moscow and in greater Russia. Most of these liberties were on paper only.[25]



February 17, 1815: The Treaty of Ghent, signed and sealed on December 24, 1814 a full two weeks before the Battle of New Orleans officially ended the War of 1812. [26] In the Age of Sail, the treaty wasn’t fully ratified until February 17, 1815.[27]



1815: At the age of fourteen Abraham Baer Gottlober married the daughter of a wealthy "Hasid" in Chernigov, and settled there. When his inclination for secular knowledge became known, his father-in-law, on the advice of a Hasidic rabbi, caused the young couple to be divorced, and Gottlober, who had joined the Hasidim after his marriage, now became their bitter enemy.[28]



Wed. February 17[29], 1864

Port Hudson[30] many plantations – land level



Map of Louisiana[31]



Banten rouge[32] 140 miles to Orleans[33]

Plackamin[34] plantations thick on both sides

Orleans[35] at 9 pm 15 miles long[36]



• February 17, 1941: Ion Antonescu abolishes the National Legionary Government in Romania.[37]



February 17, 1943: Dutch churches protested against Seyss-Inquart’s persecution of Jews. The Austrian born Seyss-Inquart became Reich Commissioner of the Netherlands in May, 1940.The Dutch churches were protesting against "the forced sterilization of Jewish partners in mixed-marriages. For once, the Germans relented and ended this one form of inhumanity. At the end of the war Seyss-Inquart was arrested and charged with war crimes in Nuremberg. At his trial it was pointed out that of the 140,000 Dutch Jews, only 8,000 survived in hiding and only 5,450 came home from camps in Poland and Czechoslovakia. Seyss-Inquart was found guilty and hanged on 16th October, 1946.[38]



February 17, 1945: Nicholas George Winton, the Englishman who organized “the rescue of 669 mostly Jewish children from German-occupied Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II in an operation later known as the Czech Kindertransport” “was promoted to war substantive flying officer” in the RAF. Winton, who was later knighted, was not Jewish. He was a decent human being who, unlike so many others, did the right thing during “the long, dark European Night.”[39]



•








--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm

[2] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussia#Kingdom_of_Prussia

[4] http://www.jewishgen.org/krsig/articles/GeographicHistory.htm

[5] http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/polish.html

[6] http://www.polishroots.com/genpoland/polhistory.htm

[7] http://www.polishroots.com/genpoland/polhistory.htm

[8] (The Complete Book of Immigrants in Bondage 1664-1775, Peter Wilson, Genealogical Publishing Co. Baltimore MD 1988, Page 234. (http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html)

[9] This text is from a typewritten copy of the original in private hands in Lima, Puru.

[10]Gov. Peter Chester, of West Florida.

[11] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 3.

[12] The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799

Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers. Published by the Society of the Colonial Dames of America. Edited by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton.--vol. 05

[13] , Lib GR Fol 39

[14] (http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html)

[15] Sent by John Moreland email May 12, 2010.

[16](http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html)

[17] [14] HETRINA. JF Jim Funkhouser

[18] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[19] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thomas-jefferson-is-elected

[20] Jim Funkhouser

[21] AIS Census Rep. Virginia 1809, page 528.

[22] AIS Census Rep. Virginia 1809, page 528.

[23] The Ohio Historical Society, S. Winifred Smith, ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/ohgovernment….

[24] (From River to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford, 1969. p. 187.)

[25] Jews, God, and History by Max I. Dimont, 1962 page 307.

[26] Military History Magazine, May/June 2008 page 32.

[27] Military History Magazine, May/June 2008 page 32.

[28] By : Herman Rosenthal Peter Wiernik

[29] Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley, Lieutenant George E. Dixon, CSA, destroyed U.S.S. Housatonic, Captain Charles W. Pickering, off Charleston, and became the first submarine to sink an enemy ship in combat. After Hunley sank the preceding fall for the second time, she was raised, a new volunteer crew trained, and for months under the cover of darkness moved out into the harbor where she awaited favorable conditions and a target. This night, the small cylindrical shaped craft with a spar torpedo mounted on the bow found the heavy steam sloop of war Housatonic anchored outside the bar. Just before 9 o’clock in the evening, Acting Master John K. Crosby, Housatonic’s officer of the deck, sighted an object in the water about 100 yards off but making directly for the ship. “It had the appearance of a plank moving in the water.” Nevertheless Housatonic slipped her cable and began backing full; all hands were called to quarters. It was too late. Within two minutes of her first sighting, H. L. Hunley rammed her torpedo into Housatonic’s starboard side, forward of the mizzenmast. The big warship was shattered by the ensuing explosion and “sank immediately.”

Dixon and his daring associates periched with H. L. Hunley in the attack. The exact cause of her loss was never determined, but as Confederate Engineer James H. Tomb later observed:” She was very slow in turning, but would sink at a moment’s notice and at times without it.” But in ginving their lives the gallant crew of H. L. Hunley wrote a fateful patge in history, for their deed foretold the huge contributions submarines would make in later years in other wars. (Civil War Naval Chronology, 1861-1865, Compiled by Naval History Division, Navy Department, Washington: 1971.)

[30] Control of the Mississippi River was important to both sides during the American Civil War. The North wanted to control the river and split the Confederacy in two. The South wanted to maintain control and ensure the flow of supplies back and forth across the river.

When New Orleans fell to Federal troops in late April 1862, Confederate control of the Mississippi was in jeopardy. The confederate army had already fortified the river fluffs at Vicksburg, Mississippi, but it needed another series of river batteries below the mouth of the Red River. The Red River was the primary route for the shipment of supplies from Texas to the heartland of the Confederacy.

The bluffs near the small town of Port Hudson represented a perfect site for the river batteries. These bluffs were the first high ground upstream from Baton Rouge and overlooked a severe bend in the river. This bend presented an additional obstacle for Union warships. Following their defeat at the Battle of Baton Rouge on August 5, 1862, Confederate soldiers marched to Port Hudson and occupied the area on August 15, 1862. They constructed a series of river batteries along the bluffs and, in the monthes that followed, erected a 4 ½ mile line of earthworks to protect the land approach to the river batteries.

The siege of Port Hudson began on May 23, 1863. Roughly 30,000 Union troops, under the command of Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, were pitted against 6800 Confederates, under the command of Major Franklin Gardner.

On the morning of May 27, and again on June 14, the Union amy launched ferocious assaults against the 4 ½ mile-long string of earthworks protecting Port Hudson. Thise actions constituted some of the bloodiest and most severe fighting in the entire Civil War.

As the siege continued, the Confederates nearly exhausted their ammunition and were reduced to eating mules, horses and rats. When word reachd Garnder that Vicksburg had surrendered, he realized that his situation was hopeless and nothing could be gained by continuing the defense of Port Hudson. Surrender terms were negotiated, and on July 9, 1863, after 48 days and thousands of casualties, the Union army entered Port Hudson. The siege became the longest in American military history.

http://www.lastateparks.com/porthud/pthudson.htm



[31] History of the Nineteenth Army Corp by Richard B. Irwin.

[32] In 1864, Baton Rouge estimated the town’s losses since secession at more than $10 million in freed slaves, burned buildings, destroyed crops, looted property, and confiscated horses and mules. It took more than a decade for the town and its citizens to begin to recover, especially since New Orleans had again become the state capital.

http://en.wikippedia.org/wiki/baton rouge

[33] …arrived at New Orleans at ten o’clock this evening. (Rollins Diary) http://ipserv2.aea14.k12.ia.us/iacivilwar/Resources/rollins diary.htm

[34] Plaquemine, town south of Baton Rouge. (See map of Louisiana)

[35] As a principal port New Orleans had a leading role in the slave trade, while at the same time having North America’s largest community of free persons of color. Early in the American Civil War it was captured by the Union without a battle, and hence was spared the destruction suffered by many other cities of the American South. It was the first captured city in the American South. (New Orleans, Louisiana-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New Orleans, Louisiana

[36] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove

[37] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1764.

[38] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[39] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/