This Day in Goodlove History, February 28 and February 29

Jim, I enjoyed your report on your recent trip to Israel. I would like to share my daily blog with you as it brings up some important points that I would like to make. One is that today is the anniversary of the first Methodist Church in the United States. My family has been a part of the Methodist Church since about 1802, in Ohio. It is also the anniversary of the discovery DNA. A few years ago during a DNA test we discovered that we carry the unique Cohen Modal Haplotype. Since then I have been researching our Jewish Ancestry. Also you will see an article today about the Buck Creek Methodist Church which my family attended. During the twenties the church Minister thought that bringing in the KKK and having all the men in the congregation join it would be a good idea to solve the problem of school consolidation. That was obviously not a good idea but it must have seemed like it at the time. I just wanted to point out that I was not aware that the Methodist Church was supporting the Palestinians. This I believe is something that must be looked at again because I don’t believe that going down this road is where Baker Methodist Church wants to go. Jeffery Lee Goodlove

•

• This Day in Goodlove History, February 28 and 29

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com

•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

•

• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.

•

• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

•

A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com and that will take them right to it.



The Goodlove Reunion 2011 will be held Sunday, June 12 at Horseshoe Falls Lodge at Pinicon Ridge Park, Central City, Iowa. This is the same lodge we used for the previous reunions. Contact Linda at pedersen37@mchsi.com



Birthdays on this date; Nathan Winch, Thomas G. Short, John Morris, Addison T. McKinnon, Louis H. Godlove, John C. Godlove, Margaret G. Grant and Earl W. Durham, Daisy R. Dunlap, Mary D> Connell, Hannah Close, Layce E. Baird, Bartha Bacon, James Allen, Jane McKinnon, Floyd B. Holliday, Mildred L. Goodlove



Weddings on this date; Sarah Crawford and William Rowland, Catherine Foley and William H. McKinnon, Mary A. Bishop and Daniel H. McKinnon, Clara A. Taylor and Walter S. Godlove, Mary Crawford and Thomas L. Cummins, Viola J. Holcom and Harold W. Burnett, February 29, Kristina L. Repstein and Mathew Peters, February 29, Ann M. Perrius and Thomas Parker, February 29, Charlotte Hanford and Benjamin F. McKinnon, February 29, Mary S. Frisch and Joseph L. Goodlove



February 28, 1348: At the Cortes of Alcala de Hebares King Alfonso XI issued a "startling" decree which forbad Jews and Moors from lending money “at interet.”[1]

•

• Spring, 1348

• The black death travels up the mouth of the Ronge river to Avignon, France. [2]



1348

Jews move from Germany to Ternopol, Russia in 1348.[3]



1348-1349

Even the Black Death, or bubonic plague (1348-1349), which carried off a third of Europe’s population, was put into the service of killing Jews. Before the Black Death swept Europe, it had hit Mongolia and the Islamic Empire. Mongols, Mohammedans, and Jews had all died together without anyone having thought of blaming the Jews. But to medieval man it did occur. [4]

1348 Jews expelled from Switzerland.[5]

1348 Jews expelled from Germany, resettled in Czech.[6]

February 28, 1574: The first official Auto da Fe in the New World was held in Mexico after the establishment of the Inquisition 5 years earlier. The first unofficial Auto da Fe was actually held in 1528 when the conquistador Hernando Alonso was executed.[7]

February 28, 1592: Clement VIII issued Cum saepe accidere, a Papal Bull that forbade the Jews of Avignon from selling new goods.[8]

February 28, 1593: Clement VIII issued Cum Haebraeorum militia, a Papal Bull that outlaws the reading of the Talmud.[9]

1593 Jews expelled from Brandenburg, Austria.[10]

1594

In the very ancient description of the western isles, by Donald Monro, Dean of the Isles (1594) he records that the MacKinnon possessions in Skye are as follows:—"The Castill of Dunnakyne, perteining to M'Kynnoun; the Castill Dunringill, perteining to the said M'Kynnoun; the country of Strayts nardill, perteining to M'Kynnoun. At the shore of Skye aforesaid, Iyes ane iyle callit Pabay, neyre ane myle in lenthe, full of woodes, guid for fishing, and a main shelter for thieves and cut throats. It perteins to M'Kynnoun."[11]

February 29, 1621: On July 19th, 1619, Sir Lauchlan (McKinnon) exhibited before the council Lauchlan, his father’s Tearlach son of Tearlach Skeanach, and ancestor of the Corry family, and on February 29th, 1621, he appeared again with the same Lauchlan. [12]

February 29, 1704: Abenaki Indians attack the frontier settlement of Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing over 50 colonists.[13]

February 28, 1747: Benedict XIV issued Postremomens, a Papal Bull that deals with the baptism of Jews.[14]



February 28, 1774: George Washington *To WILLIAM PRESTON[15]



Mount Vernon, February 28, 1774.

Sir: I took the liberty before I left Williamsburg (at least the nighbourhood of it, about the 1st. of December last) to adhess a pretty long Letter to Col. Andw. Lewis respecting my claims under the Proclamation of 1763. I also Inclos’d him a survey made by Captn. Crawford upon the Great Kanhawa t the Mouth of Cole River, as a Location for the returnd the Warrant and Survey (Inclosed) [ ] me; which for want )f oppy., I have never [ ] in my power of sending till now, hat it goes by Express in hopes of obtaining such a Certificate or the Secretarys Office, as will enable me to procure my Patent rorn thence immediately.

The Reason’s for my Inclining to take this Land (which I am old is far from being of the first quality) are candidly these. .t lyes in the [ ] (that is Col. Lewis) as I had only heard, )Ut was upon no certainty of your being at the Oyer Court, (if ie thought there was no impropriety in it, and I saw none) to ~et the favour of you to give me a Certificate of this Survey, hat I might, for the Reasons I then gave him, and shall mentIon to you,obtain a Patent for it immediately; The Colo.wrote ~e that you were obliging enough to promise that but, as the .MUncil came to a Resolution to permit the Officers to Survey

heir Lands in thousand Acre [ ] might alter my Plan; and

Ilerefore [ ] in the desird dispatch [ I by being con~gUously [?]undirected, in order [ ] latitude this [ ] Otfles in like [ ]to you; which you [will] please to direct

executed, and not be [ ] In order to explain the

fteason of this [ ] (now Inclos’d to you) appearing as

-1200,000 Acres, I must observe, that some [part] of the Work being done by Captn. Crawford [him] self, and some by his Deputy, they did not [ ] that they had, between them:

over run their quantity till after this Survey, and one other opposite to it, on the Kanhawa (which I am now applying for in Botetourt) were made. In short the mistake would not, I believe, have been discover’d at all; if it had not been for me, when I came to compare the different Tracts, in order to the allotment of them. this other Tract, in Botetourt, contains i8 Acres less than 3000; and it is very unlucky for me (as I obtain’d my Warrants before the Indulgence of Surveying in 1000 Acre Lots) that I am obliged to send my own Warrant for ~ooo to that County, in order to secure that Tract, as I do not know where any more Land in that district is to be had; and want to shift the remaining 2000 into Fincastle; which I must yet do, as Captn. Bullett has off er’d me a Tract Surveyed by him about twenty odd Miles from the Falls of Ohio, and of[f] from it upon Salt River Including a Salt Pond. this Tract, thus Circumstanced; I beg the favour of you to [enter] in my name; as I will contrive to have [ ] Warrant for Bot[etourt] [

[Captn.] Bullett has either neglected to furnish me with a minute description of the spot, with a Plot agreeable to his promise; or, his Letter has [mis]carried; as he agreed before his Brother [to let me] have the Land upon certain conditions [ ] were then concluded upon; to the best [ ] collection, the above, is the substance of [ ] [16] than the Fabls,as well as [a] little wide of it, upon the River above mention’d. I shall add no more than my hopes of having my business done agreeably to the requests herein contain’d, and to wish you an agreeable Season for the accomplishment of your business, being with very great esteem, etc.[17]



February 28, 1782: Washington did not, secure a patent for the Great Meadows tract of two hundred thirty-four acres until February 28, 1782, when he paid the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ₤33 15s. and 8d. for it. William Brooks had applied for the tract June 13, 1769, after the Penns opened their land office and Washington bought his interest in the application on October 17, 1771. [18]



February 29, 1776

Fifth Regiment General Stevens Brigade, William Crawford was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He served until August 14, 1776. He was promoted to colonel at Trenton, NJ, December 26, 1776, of the Seventh Regiment which he headed 1776-1778. It was raised largely by William Crawford in the district of West Augusta. It was accepted by Congress February 29, 1776 and was taken on the Continental Establishment June 17, 1776. It seems to have been attached to General Woodford’s Brigade during its entire term of service.[19]

On February 29, 1776, Lord North moved that the treaties entered into between His Majesty and the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, the Duke of Brunswick, and the hereditary Prince of Hesse-Cassel, be referred to the Committee of Supply ("Parliamentary Register," 1st series, vol. iii. pp. 341-360.) He said that the troops were wanted as the best and most speedy means of reducing America to a proper constitutional state of obedience, because men could be readier had and upon much cheaper terms in this way than they could possibly be recruited at home; that the troops hired would cost less than could have been expected, referring to former times and taking all the circumstances together; and, lastly, that the force which this measure would enable them to send to America would be such as, in all human probability, must compel that country to agree to terms of submission, perhaps without further effusion of blood.[20]

February 28, 1782

Colonel Washington acquired a measure of title to the Fort Necessity plantinat Great Meadows on October 17, when he purchased the interest of William Brooks in a survey dated February 14, 1771, based on an earlier application to the land Office of Pennsylvania, June 13, 1769. He did not perfect this title until after the Revolution, when on February 28, 1782 he secured a patent for tract called “Mt Washington, situate on the east side of Laurel Hill where Braddock’s Road crosses the Great Meadows, formerly Bedford County, now in the county of Westmoreland, containing 234 ½ acres.” This patent is recorded in Fayette County Pennsylvania, in “Deed book 507,” page 458 and shows a consideration of ₤33 15s. 6d. He purchased the right fo William Athel on February 12, 1782, in an application filed by Athel on April 3, 1769, and had this title perfected by a patent from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, February 8, 1782. For a consideration of ₤48 3s. 5d., Pennsylvania granted to him called “Spring Run.” On the south side of Youghiogheny, on the waters of said river, formerly in Cumberland, now in Westmoreland County, containing three hundred thirty-one acres, one hundred forty-seven perches, and bounded bye lands of Thomas Jones John Patty, John Pearsall, and Washington’s other lands. These other lands were those which Washinton had personally applied for on April 3, 1769, when the land office was opened, and which the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted to him February 8, 1782, for a consideration of ₤48 7d., and described as the “Meadow,” situate on the south side of “Youghogeni” on the waters of said river, formerly in Cumberland County, now in Westmorelamnd County, bounded by John Darsall’s (Pearsall’s, William Athel’s, John Patty’s and John Bishop’s. The deeds for these two tracts are recorded in Fayette County in “Deed Book 180,” pages 294, 296, respectively.

George Washington owned the Great Meadows tract at the time of his death on December 14, 1799, and under the authority containede in his will, William A. Washington, George S. Washington, Samuel Washington, and George W. P. Custis, his executors, by Bushrod Washington and Lawrence Lewis, their attorneys, conveyed the Great Meadows to Andrew Parks of the town of Baltimore. By later conveyances this historic shrine has come under the control of the Pennsyvania Department of Forests and Waters, with the actual fort site deeded to the United States of America.[1] [13][21]

February 28, 1782

Washington did not, secure a patent for the Great Meadows tract of two hundred thirty-four acres until February 28, 1782, when he paid the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ₤33 15s. and 8d. for it. William Brooks had applied for the tract June 13, 1769, after the Penns opened their land office and Washington bought his interest in the application on October 17, 1771. [14][22]

February 28, 1784: On this day in 1784, John Wesley charters the first Methodist Church in the United States. Despite the fact that he was an Anglican, Wesley saw the need to provide church structure for his followers after the Anglican Church abandoned its American believers during the American Revolution.

Wesley first brought his evangelical brand of methodical Anglicanism to colonial Georgia from 1735 to 1737 in the company of his brother Charles, with whom he had founded the ascetic Holy Club at Oxford University. This first venture onto American soil was not a great success. Wesley became embittered from a failed love affair and was unable to win adherents to his studious practices. However, while in Georgia, he became acquainted with the German Moravians, who hoped to establish a settlement in the colony. The meeting proved momentous, as it was at a Moravian meeting upon his return to London that Wesley felt he had a true experience of God's grace.

While closely allied to the Moravians, Wesley began taking the advice of fellow Oxford graduate George Whitfield and preaching in the open air when banned from Anglican churches for his unorthodox evangelical methods. By 1739, Wesley had separated himself from the Moravians and attracted his own group of adherents, known as Methodists, who were held in disdain by the orthodox Anglican clerical and civic hierarchy. By 1744, the Methodists had become a large enough group to require their own conference of ministers, which expanded to create an internal hierarchy, replicating some of the Anglican Church's ecclesiastical order.

Wesley, however, remained within the Anglican fold and insisted that only ministers who had received the apostolic succession--the laying on of hands by an Anglican bishop to consecrate a new priest--could administer the sacraments. The refusal of the Anglican church to ordain Dr. Thomas Coke to preach to Americans newly independent from the British State Church, finally forced Wesley to ordain within his own Methodist conference in the absence of a proper Anglican bishop. He performed the laying on of hands and not only ordained Coke as the superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America but also commissioned him to ordain Francis Asbury as his co-superintendent.[23]

February 29, 1784



William Crawford then made application to the proper authorities for a survey of land in western Pennsylvania. This application, for some reason unknown to the public at this time, was made in his son’s name. No warrants were issued in William’s name. All land in which he had an interest was surveyed and the survey registered in the name of someone else.

The three hundred acres that he purchased with Ann Connell was not registered until the 29th day of February 1784, when his estate was being settled. This course of action, in not claiming title to the lands in which he had an interest, leaves one to wonder if a judgment may not have been placed on him in Virginia.[24]



February 28, 1786: Great Britain informed John Adams that it would not vacate its occupancy of the forts on American territory until the Americans had compiled with the provisions of the Peace Treaty that the Loyalists be treated fairly and that impediments to the collection of debts owed to British subjects be removed.[25]



February 28, 1787: The state legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted Hugh Henry Breckenridge a charter for a school that is now known as the University of Pittsburgh.[26]



February 28, 1799: Napoleon, the first European leader to meet with Jewish leaders in Palestine, led his army out of Gaza and headed for Ramallah.[27] It is said that Joseph Lefevre in one of Napoleon’s body guards.



February 28, 1819, BENJAMIN WELLS TO JAMES M. VARMAN, JUSTICE,

WASHINGTON, D.C.



City of Washington, DC Benj. Wells being duly sworn dportanl and saith that he became acquainted with Col. Wm. Crafford in the year 1767 and this deponant deporth that William Crafford (aforesaid) was then a Indian and then called Captain Crafford and this deponant deposith that he thinks sometime in the year of 1776 the aforesaid William Crafford was appointed a Col. in the army of the U.S. and that Colonel William Craftord was very active in raising the 13th Virginia Rgt which Regt. was sometimes afterwards commanded by Col. Wm. Crafford and this deponant was an issue in Commesary in the U.S. Srvice, in the year 1779; and that Col. Wm. Craffors was at that time in the service of the United States and this deponant deporeth that same time before Col. Crafford was ordered against the ndians. He Cal Crafford was called Gen. Crafford and he further deporeth that he always considered Cal Crafford in the Services of the U.S. from the year 1776 until the year 1782 & 83 when this deponant understood that the aforesaid Cal. Crafford was killed by the ndians and this isponent deporeth that he was appointed the attorney ~o settle the estate of Cal. Crafford (by this Col. Crafford Exeses and ~bat had his House burned at the time of the Western and that same Cal. Crafford papers was burned and this deponent deporeth ~at he is acquainted with Sarah Springer and ________ McCormick ~m and dark and not readable).

next page) and further this deponant sayeth not and __________

.van before me one of the Justices of the City aforesaid given under

—~ hand this 28 day of Feb 1819.



Benj Wells[28]

February 28, 1819

James M. Varman

I do certify that I have been acquainted Benj. W. Wells for a number

years and consider him a reliable Witness given under my hand this 28th day of Feb. 1819.[29]





Sun. February 28, 1864 (William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary)

Took a walk in algears with D. Hale

Heard a niger preach had a good time.

Saw a brittish flag. Wrote a letter home

Felt sick[30] in evening. Took a wash a river in the morning



Mon. February 29[31], 1864

A blue day had the diarea very bad



February 28, 1921: Within a week of the court decision, reports began circulating in Hopkinton that the proponents of consolidation in Buck Creek would begin the consolidation process all over again. This time every step in the procedure would be “scanned carefully to avoid any legal technicalities.” The directors of the now defunct Buck Creek consolidated district had initially intended to appeal the decision. However, they abandoned the idea once their lawyer advised then that the errors in the original proceedings were so great as to doom any chance of success. They set to work immediately, first in providing the legal description of the district’s boundaries and then with obtaining signatures on the consolidation petition. Despite the dramatic changes for the worse in the farm economy, proponents had surprisingly little difficulty in obtaining the requisite number of signatures. The explanation for this lies in the remarkable growth of the Klan among Protestant, especially Methodist, families in the area. The more spectacular cross burnings occurred in conjunction with the drive to obtain signatures on the petition to form a consolidated district in Buck Creek, but there were others. Several crosses, for example, were set ablaze in or near Catholic neighborhoods, especially in Upper Buck Creek, near the Castle Grove Church, and in the Wilson neighborhood. While the aim of these may have been to intimidate Catholic families in the area, they had quite the opposite effect.[32]



February 28, 1940: The British adopted the MacDonald White Paper that included restriction of sale of Arab land to Jews in Eretz Yisrael. This document nearly voided the Balfour Declaration[33]



February 28, 1943: Norwegian soldiers sabotage the Norsk Hydro Power Station, being used by the Germans to make “heavy water,” vital to atomic research.[34]



February 29, 1943, The Kolomyia ghetto is liquidated and 2,000 Jews are killed.[35]



February 29, 1944: The Allies conduct heavy bombing raids over Berlin, Germany.[36]



Between 1947 and 1956





February 28, 1947: British naval forces seized 1,398 “illegal” Jewish immigrants today.[37]



Between 1947 and 1956 another momentuous discovery occurred. Manuscripts now known to the world as the Dead Sea Scrolls were unearthed over a number of years from caves near the ruins of Khirbet Qumran, a tiny hamlet on the shores of the Dead Sea. Around 900 items were recovered, including virtually the only surviving copies of biblical documents written before 100 C.E. Most importantly, shey showed that Christian sects remained essentially Jewish long after the death of Jesus. As a result, in the past 40 years, there has been a new area of study concerning exactly how Jewish the early Christians, and Jesus really were.[38]



• February 28, 1953 : “We’ve discovered the secret of life.”

Francis Crick on possibly the greatest scientific discovery of all time, the structure of DNA.[39] On this day in 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick announce that they have determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes.

February 28, 1953: Though DNA--short for deoxyribonucleic acid--was discovered in 1869, its crucial role in determining genetic inheritance wasn't demonstrated until 1943. In the early 1950s, Watson and Crick were only two of many scientists working on figuring out the structure of DNA. California chemist Linus Pauling suggested an incorrect model at the beginning of 1953, prompting Watson and Crick to try and beat Pauling at his own game. On the morning of February 28, they determined that the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. According to their findings, DNA replicated itself by separating into individual strands, each of which became the template for a new double helix. In his best-selling book, The Double Helix (1968), Watson later claimed that Crick announced the discovery by walking into the nearby Eagle Pub and blurting out that "we had found the secret of life." The truth wasn’t that far off, as Watson and Crick had solved a fundamental mystery of science--how it was possible for genetic instructions to be held inside organisms and passed from generation to generation.

Watson and Crick's solution was formally announced on April 25, 1953, following its publication in that month’s issue of Nature magazine. The article revolutionized the study of biology and medicine. Among the developments that followed directly from it were pre-natal screening for disease genes; genetically engineered foods; the ability to identify human remains; the rational design of treatments for diseases such as AIDS; and the accurate testing of physical evidence in order to convict or exonerate criminals.

Crick and Watson later had a falling-out over Watson's book, which Crick felt misrepresented their collaboration and betrayed their friendship. A larger controversy arose over the use Watson and Crick made of research done by another DNA researcher, Rosalind Franklin, whose colleague Maurice Wilkins showed her X-ray photographic work to Watson just before he and Crick made their famous discovery. When Crick and Watson won the Nobel Prize in 1962, they shared it with Wilkins. Franklin, who died in 1958 of ovarian cancer and was thus ineligible for the award, never learned of the role her photos played in the historic scientific breakthrough.

February 28, 1991: Kuwait is liberated and a cease fire is declared February 28. Peace terms require Iraq to rid itself of weapons of mass destruction, a failure to do so is cited as the reason for a U.S. led invasion in March 2003.[40]





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[2] The Plague, HISTI, 10-30-05

[3] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/eng_captions/18-4.html

[4] Jews, God and History by Max I. Dimont, 1962 pg. 137.

[5] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm

[6] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm

[7] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[8] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[9] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[10] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm

[11] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888

[12] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888

[13] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[14] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[15] Where blanks occur between brackets manuscript is mutilated and indecipherable.



[16] From a greatly mutilated original in the possession of Miss Nelly Campbell Preston, of Seven Mile Ford, Va., in 1930.

[17] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 3.



[18] Annals of Southwesten Pennsylvania by Lewis Clark Walkinshaw, Vol. I pg. 355.

[19]The Brothers Crawford

[20] The Hessians by Edward Lowell

[21] [13] [13] Diaries of George Washington, University Press of Virginia, 1978

[22] Annals of Southwesten Pennsylvania by Lewis Clark Walkinshaw, Vol. I pg. 355.

[23] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-wesley-charters-first-methodist-church-in-us

[24] The Brothers Crawford, Scholl, 1995 p. 38

[25] The Northern Light, Vol 17, No. 1 January 1986, “1786-Prelude to Nationhood by Alphonse Cerza, page 4.

[26] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[27] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[28] The Brothers Crawford, Scholl

[29] The Brothers Crawford, Allen W. Scholl

[30] There were 6 million cases of disease in the Federal armies, which meant that, on an average, every man was sick at least twice. Civil War 2010 Calendar

[31] The Regiment was mustered at Algiers Louisiana.

(Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Part II Record of Events Volume 20 Serial no. 32. Broadfoot Publishing Company Wilmington, NC 1995.)

[32] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 201-202.

[33] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[34] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

• [35] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1775

[36] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[37] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[38] US New and World Report, Secrets of Christianity, April 2010. Page 7.

[39] Genome, The Autobiography of a species in 23 Chapters by Matt Ridley, page 49.

[40] Smithsonian, January 2011, page 12.

This Day in Goodlove History, February 27

• This Day in Goodlove History, February 27

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com

•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

•

• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.

•

• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

•

A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com and that will take them right to it.



The Goodlove Reunion 2011 will be held Sunday, June 12 at Horseshoe Falls Lodge at Pinicon Ridge Park, Central City, Iowa. This is the same lodge we used for the previous reunions. Contact Linda at pedersen37@mchsi.com



Birthdays on this date: Betty L. Smola, Gerald Nunemaker, Ilo G. McKinnon, Adam Lefevre, Eric C. Hoover, Avis Godlove, Zella Farrar



Weddings on this date; Helen K. Goodlove and Joseph W. Story, Josephine Weber and Chester E. Smith, Juliana M. Vanderpool and Joseph L. Goodlove

I Get Email!

In a message dated 2/9/2011 12:35:17 P.M. Central Standard Time, newsletter@fvjn.org writes:

Learn Languages with FVJN

FVJN is now offering the opportunity to study a new language online with Rosetta Stone for $125 for the first subscription and $110 per additional subscription. For all of us looking to learn or refresh our skills, whether it be in Hebrew, Spanish or any of the other languages listed at rosettastone.com, contact Rabbi Fred for additional information at: fred@fvjn.org or 630. 465.0356.

News from Around Town and Around The World

Chicken Soup!

There's nothing like homemade chicken soup. The Sisterhood of Temple B'nai Israel invites the community to a Chicken Soup lunch on Sunday, Feb. 27th from 11:30am to 2:00pm. Diners may eat in or take out. Choice of chicken soup with Matzo Ball or Noodles, accompanied by challa or ryebread, salad and dessert, all for only $8. The synagogue is located at 400 N. Edgelawn in Aurora. For more information, call 630-892-2450.

Sing Out Chicago! Featuring the Maccabeats

Mark your calendars for a JUF musical program featuring the Maccabeats on Sunday, March 13 at the North Shore Center for the Performing Arts.

Tickets to Sing Out Chicago are $18 per person and must be purchased in advance through JUF. Contact SingOutChicago@juf.org or call 312-553-3530 for more information about this program that benefits the needy in Chicago, Israel, and in Jewish communities around the world.

Jewish Learners and Teachers

Registration & Presenter Proposals for Limmud Chicago 2011

Limmud Chicago is an amazing pan-denominational, multi-generational, day-long celebration of Jewish learning & culture. Plans are well underway for our 2nd annual Limmud Chicago Conference, to be held on March 27, 2011. Detailed information regarding the conference and links for registration and for presenter proposals cab be found athttp://limmudchicago.org/conference-2011/.

Regards,

Fox Valley Jewish Neighbors



February 27, 280: Birthdate of Constantine the Great, Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Constantine adopted Christianity as the state religion for the Roman Empire which marked a turning point (negative) for the Jews of Europe.[1]

280 A.D.: Radio Carbon dating shows that the “Gospel of Judas” dates to 280 A.D., plus or minus 50 years. [2]

285: Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler. This was part of an attempt to shore up the imperial authority. In another such step, Diocletian “ordered all the people …to accept his divinity and offer sacrifices to him. Fortunately for the Jewish people, they were excluded from this decree…” According to at least one source, “Diocletian’s regime was comparatively favorable to the Jewish people” which may not be saying all that much when you consider the behavior of most Roman rulers.[3]

300: By 300, the number had of Christians had exploded to more than 6 million. The attitude of the Romans toward Christianity inexorably evolved from persecution, to disdain, to tolerance, and ultimately to conversion.[4]

February 27, 1562: Pius IV issued Dudum e felicis recordationis, a papal bull that confirmed the papal bulls of Paul IV including those that put restrictions on where Jews could live and how they could earn a living.[5]

February 27, 1670: Leopold I ordered the Jews expelled from Austria.[6]



February 27, 1773

…of Westmoreland by whom the truth of the matter may be better known of all and all manner of felonies and other misdeeds and offences whatsoever which Justices of Oyer and Terminer and General Goal Delivery or Justices of the peace according to the Laws of Great Britain and of our said Province may or ought to enquire and to inspect all Indictments before you or any of you taken and to make and to continue to process there upon and to hear and determine according to Law all crimes and iffences what-soever properly determinable before you and to chastise and punish all persons offending in the premises by fines and fortritures or otherways as the law doth or shall direct. And therefore you are of the Peace and Laws and Statutes and all and singular the Premises and certain days and times and places which by the Constitution of our said Province are appointed you make enquiry upon the premises and hear and determine perform and fulfill the same doing therein that which to Justice according to law shall appertain. And we have appointed you the said James Hamilton, Joseph Turner, William Logan, Richard Peters, Lynford Lardner, Benjamin Chew, Thos. Cadwalder, James Tilghman, Andrew Allen, Edward Shippen Junior, William Crawford, Arthur St. Clair, Thomas Gist, Alexander McKee, Robert Hanna, William Lochry, George Wilson, William Thompson, Eneas McKay, Joseph Spear, Alexander McClean, James Cavet, William Brackan, James Pollock, Sam’l Sloan and Michael Rugh, Expuires Justices of the County Court of Common Pleas for the said County of Westmoreland requiring any three or more of you to hold Pleas of assize Seire Facias Replevins and to hear and determine all and all manners of Pleas, Actions, Suits and Csauses civil personal, real and mixed now depending or which shall hereafter be commenced in the said Court according to Law. And also to hold special Courts for the more speedy determoination of causes of such defendants as are about to depart the said Province pursuant to the said Constitution. And also we constitute and appont and full power and authority grant unto any one or more of you the said Justices who shall have been qualified by taking the oaths distinctly and separately from such of your number as by the Laws of the said Province are only qualified by affirmation to administer as well in the Courts while sitting as out of the same all and every such oath and oaths as shall be found necessary for doing of Justice. In testimony whereof we have caused the Great Seal of our said Province to be hereunto affixed, Witness Richard Penn Esquire, (by virtue of a Commission from Thomas Penn and John Penn Esquires true and absolute Proprietaries of our said Province and with our Royal Pprobation) Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief of the Province aforesaid and the Counties of New Castle Kent and Sussex on Delaware at Philadelphia the twenty seventh day of February in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy three and in the thirteenth year of our Reign.

(Signed by)

Rich’d Penn

George the third by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France and Ireland King…Defender of the Faith and so forth. To Van Sweringen and Thomas Scott of the County of Westmoreland within our Province…Esquires Greetings…Trust and Confidence…[7]



February 27, 1774; George Washington’s Journal: At home all day alone except Mr. Valentine Crawford (compilers 6th great grand uncle) being here.[8]



February 27, 1776: Having departed New York on February 12, General Clinton met with Governor Dunmore in Hampton Roads, Virginia, on February 17 while en route to Cape Fear, North Carolina; he was forced to remain in Hampton Roads until February 27 due to stormy weather. Clinton finally reached North Carolina on March 12, by which time the North Carolina Loyalists had been routed at Moore's Creek Bridge on February 27. The royal governors of North and South Carolina met Clinton to give him the bad news, but Commodore Peter Parker and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis had not yet arrived from Cork, Ireland, to support Clinton in his efforts to suppress the American rebellion. After waiting until May 31, 1776, for the last of the contingency to arrive from Cork, Clinton contemplated moving the British forces to the Chesapeake Bay, since North Carolina had already fallen to the Patriots, but Parker convinced him to head instead for Charleston, South Carolina.

Abandoned again, Dunmore returned to England after the publication of the Declaration of Independence in July 1776. The county named in his honor in 1772 was renamed Shenandoah County in 1778. His hunting lodge, Porto Bello, where he first fled the Patriot uprising, remains on the National Register of Historic Places for York County, Virginia.[9]

February 27, 1778: John Dodson voluntarily enlisted on February 5, 1778. The marriage license to John and Eleanor was
issued on February 17, 1778. John passed muster on February 27, 1778. John Dodson, the first child
of Eleanor and John was bom on December 25. 1778(65). Thus, Eleanor was about three months
pregnant and probably the reason for John's discharge on June 11, 1778.

But why would Eleanor have used the surname Howard rather than McKinnon when obtaining the
marriage license? [10]

February 27, 1782

The British Parliament votes against waging further war against the Colonies.[11]


February 27, 1783



Regimental Quartermaster Flachshaar sent reports from Lan­caster, dated the 27th of February, informing us that, after over­coming a few difficulties, be succeeded in making his deliveries to the imprisoned regiments; but he himself has not returned yet. Collecting the prisoners and preventing desertion in the regiments stationed here will require double care and watchfulncss. Immedi­ately after the rumor of an impending peace, some men escaped here and there. They have been captured and severely punished. But since the promises are so alluring, it will be difficult to prevent all desertion.

With the greatest respect I shall always be [etc.][12]



February 27, 1790

1790 Kentucky



Tax Lists’ compilation checked and no McKinnon entries found. There was an entry for Lawrence Harrison in Fayette, 2/27/1790.[13]



February 27, 1801: Pursuant to the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Washington, D.C. is placed under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress.[14]





February 27, 1836



State of Ohio, Adams County.

Personally appeared before me a Justice of the Peace for the County aforesaid William Crawford, Thomas Brown, Mary Brown & Serena Crawford and acknowledged the signing & sealing of the within power of Attorney to be their act and deed for the purposes therein mentioned. Given under my hand & seal this 27th February 1836.

Chas. Stephenson Justice of Peace (SEAL)[15]



February 27, 1860

Abraham Lincoln delivers a speech at Cooper Union in New York, projecting him into the lead for the Republican presidential nomination.[16]



February 27, 1865: Melanie Gottliebova born February 27, 1863. Teresin September 3, 1942. OSVOBOZENI SE DOZILI[17] On the list of Theresienstadt camp inmates Melanie survived to be liberated. “OSVOBOZENI SE DOZILI”[5][18] In another source During the war she was deported with שילוח מס. AAp מ – Prague, BOHEMIA,CZECHOSLOVAKIA ל – to THERESIENSTADT,GHETTO,CZECHOSLOVAKIA ב- September 7, 1942. Melania perished in 1942 in Terezin, Camp.[6] [19]

•

Sat. February 27, 1864 (William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove)

Went to Orleans on cars

Cross the river to algeirs.

Camped on flat clover field at the edge of town. Felt better. Got some milk for supper. Saw gen. Camaron looks like Joe Mentzer





General Cameron[20]



Gustav Gottleib was born February 27, 1886 in Borken, Germany. Prior to WWII he lived in Borken Hesse Nassau, Germany. He was deported in 1942 to Auschwitz. Gustav perished in Auschwitz, Camp and was declared legally dead.[21]

February 27, 1917: The Russian Revolution broke out in Petrograd. After three years of ruinous war the old regime collapsed. By March a provisional government under Kerensky was set up. During the ensuing revolution, the Jews were caught in the middle. Much of the conflict centered around the south and west where over 3 million Jews lived. It is estimated that over 2000 pogroms took place, especially in the Ukraine, leading to the death of 100,000-200,000 Jews within the next 3 years.[22]

February 27, 1919: The Versailles Peace Conference opened.[23]

February 22, 1922: In Washington, D.C., the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, providing for female suffrage, is unanimously declared constitutional by the eight members of the U.S. Supreme Court. The 19th Amendment, which stated that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex," was the product of over seven decades of meetings, petitions, and protests by women suffragists and their supporters.

In 1916, the Democratic and Republican parties endorsed female enfranchisement, and on June 4, 1919, the 19th Amendment was passed by Congress and sent to the states for ratification. On August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the amendment, achieving the required three-fourths majority of state ratification, and on August 26 the 19th Amendment officially took effect.[24]

February 27, 1933: The German Reichstag building is set on fire; the next day, a national emergency is declared.[25] The Reichstag Fire was started by the Nazis who used the fire as an excuse to begin their subversion of the German legal and political system.[26]



February 27, 1940: American biochemists Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discovered the radioactive isotope carbon-14, which today forms the basis of the radiocarbon dating method in archaeology and other sciences.[27]

February 27, 1941: In retaliation for an innocent incident in Amsterdam, the Germans arrested 425 Jewish men, beat them and deported 389 of them to Buchenwald concentration camp. Two months later 364 of them were transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp. Ten of them committed suicide. By autumn, none of the men were alive.[28]

February 27, 1942: The first transport of French Jews was sent to Nazi-Germany. [29]





















February 27, 2006



Lyle L. Winch

August 23, 1926 to February 27, 2006


Lyle Winch age 79, of Buck Creek died Monday morning, February 27, 2006 at St. Luke’s Hospital, Cedar Rapids, Iowa following an extended illness. Funeral Services will be held 10:30 Wednesday morning, March 1, 2006 at the Buck Creek United Methodist Church with interment in the Buck Creek Cemetery. Friends may call from 4 until 8 Tuesday at the Goettsch Funeral Home, Monticello. Rev. Edwin Moreano will officiate at the services. Thoughts, Memories and Condolences may be left at www.goettschonline.com. Surviving is his wife, Elizabeth, 3 children, Rev. Marilyn Winch, Monticello, Diane Winch, Buck Creek, Timothy Winch, Mount Vernon, a granddaughter, Heather Winch, Mount Vernon, 3 sisters, Imogene (Norman) Snell, Cedar Rapids, Novella (Jim) Cunninghan, Marion, Mary (Gary) Goodlove, Palo, 2 brothers, Martin (Martha) Winch, Marion, Merle (Lois) Winch, Buck Creek. He was preceded in death by his Parents. Lyle LeClere Winch was born August 23, 1926 at Buck Creek, Iowa. He was the son of Henry Salem and Theresa LeClere, Winch. Lyle graduated from the Buck Creek High School in 1945. Lyle Winch and Elizabeth Ward were married August 13, 1950 at the Mondamin Christian Church in Des Moines. The couple farmed near Buck Creek in Union Township, Delaware, County, Iowa. They also operated a farm in Lucas County near Russell for several years. From 1950 until 1989 Lyle was employed at Quaker Oats in Cedar Rapids. [30]






--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[2] The Gospel of Judas, NTGEO, 4/9/2006

[3]http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[4] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 125.

[5] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[6] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[7] Book A, part one, Westmoreland County, PA

(From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, pages 125-126.

[8] Washington writings. From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford, by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, page 121).

[9] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lord-dunmore-dispatches-note-of-inexpressible-mortification

[10] http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html

[11] ON This Day in America by John Wagman.

[12] Revolution in America, Confidential Letters and Journals 1776-1784 of Adjutant General Major Baurmeister of the Hessian Forces pg 553

[13] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett, Page 112.21

[14] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[15] From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, p. 244.

[16] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[17] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy

[18] [5] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy

[19] [6] This information is based on a List of Theresienstadt camp inmates found in the Terezinska Pametni Kniha/Theresienstaedter Gedenkbuch, Terezinska Iniciativa, vol. I-II Melantrich, Praha 1995, vol. III Academia Verlag, Prag 2000.

[20] North and South magazine.

• [21] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.

• [2] Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).

[22] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[23] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[24] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/supreme-court-defends-womens-voting-rights

[25] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page1759.

[26] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[27] Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 2011, Vol 37 NO ++1.

[28] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[29] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[30] http://www.goettschonline.com/current.php?id=670

This Day in Goodlove History, February 26

• This Day in Goodlove History, February 26

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com

•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

•

• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.

•

• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

•

A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com and that will take them right to it.



The Goodlove Reunion 2011 will be held Sunday, June 12 at Horseshoe Falls Lodge at Pinicon Ridge Park, Central City, Iowa. This is the same lodge we used for the previous reunions. Contact Linda at pedersen37@mchsi.com



Birthdays on this date, James K. Staples, Mark T. Porch, Dixie L. Kruse, David J. Goodlove, Priscilla Crawford.



Weddings on this date; Jennie E. Maxwell and Oliver A. Godlove.



February 26, 11 BCE: According to some sources, the day on which Herod dedicates the renovated Holy Temple in Jerusalem. According to Heinrich Graetz, the building project began in 20 BCE, the 18th year of Herod’s reign. A year and half later, (18 BCE) the inner part of the Temple was finished. It took another eight years to build the outer walls, courts and galleries. The dedicatory celebration took place on “the very anniversary of the day when twenty years previously, Herod, with blood stained hands, had made himself master of Jerusalem.” Herod reportedly built this modernized version of the Second Temple because he loved to build things and because he was trying to show his Roman masters that he was the beloved ruler of his people. Regardless, in one sense, Herod sealed the doom of the Temple and the Jewish people because he placed it under the protection of Rome. What Rome protected Rome could destroy.[1]

10 BCE

Excavations in Jerusalem attest to many opulent homes with private reservoirs and mosaic floors. Though heavily taxed, farmers thrive on the relative peace during Herod’s rule.[2]

10 BCE

The Boethos family from Egypt gains prominence in the Jerusalem priesthood, loater rivaling the priestly dynasty of Hanan. The Temple priesthood is rife with nepotism and other political abuse.[3]

10 BCE

Herod formally opens his port of Caesarea, which includes a pagan temple.[4]

10 BCE

Owing perhaps to their popularity and early support, the Pharisees gain influence under Herod. Herod respects Jewish law by prohibiting foreigners from the Temple but antqagonizes many by installing a Roman eagle there and selecting his own high priests.[5]

9 BCE

Herod executes a punitive raid against the Nabateans.[6]

7 to 4 B.C.

Jesus Christ is Greek for “Joshua the messiah,” and the word “messiah” comes from the Hebrew word mashiah, meaning “one who is anointed,” that is, a messiah… Jesus was born between 7 and 4 B.C. either in Bethlehem or Nazareth. During the reign of Herod the Great in Judea, and was crucified either in 30 or in 33 A.D.[7] The Gospels according to Luke and Matthew trace his acnestry to the royal house of David, each through different and conflicting genealogies; the other two Gospels make no such mention.[8]

4 B.C. to 39 A.D.

Galilee was spared the outrage of being humiliated by the presence of imperial Rome. Throughout the life of Jesus, it was administered, together with Perea, by a Herodian tetrarch, Antipas, and after him by a king, Agrippa I.[9]

7 B.C.

Lukes purpose in writing. The events recorded at the beginning of the New Testament occurred more thanb four hundred years after Malach prophesied. Around 7 B.C., an angel appeared to Zechariah and told him that he and his wife would have a son. Mary, who was probably no older than sixteen at this time, was also told by an angel that she would give birth to Jesus, the sone of the Most High God. Luke 1:1-56.[10]

7 B.C.

Herod had nine wives and several dozen children. Jealouisies, domestic quarrels, and fits of murder characterized his reign., In 7 B.C. he had his two older sons strangled and three hundred of their supporters murdered because he feared plots against him. The sons were royal heirs to the throne, children of his beloved Mariamne. Sometime later he had Mariamne executed on charges of committing adultery with his sister’s husband. [11]

6 BCE

Judas the Galilean leads a rebellion provoked by the effort of the Syrian legate, Quirinius, to take a Jewish census. Successful Roman suppression of this revolt does not disquiet the spirit of Jewish rebellion.[12]

6 B.C. John the Baptist was born around 6 B.C., a few months before his cousin Jesus. Luke 1:57-80.[13]

6 B.C.

Jesus was born around 6 B.C. in Bethlehem, a village about five miles southwest of Jerusalem. Matthew 1:18-25.[14]

5 B.C.

The magi, royal astrologers, brought gifts to Jesus when he was still a small child (5 B.C.). Matthew 2:1-23.[15]

4 BCE: At the age of 70, Herod fell ill and moved to his winter palace at Jerich. There, Josephus tells us, he was consumed with “uncontrolled anger.” His condition soon deteriorated further. He developed ulcers and swollen feet. His breathing became labored. Modern physicians have suggested that Herod suffered from age related failure of the heart and kidneys, with terminal edema of the lungs. None of the attempted treatments was effective.[16]

Herod was hated by many of his subjects, especially by Jews, and he knew it. Shortly before his death, Josephus tells us, he ordered a group of prominent Jewish leaders imprisoned in Jericho’s hippodrome and gave instructions to have them killed upon his death to ensure that the mourning at his funeral would be genuine. Fortunately, this order was disobeyed, and the men were released. [17]

4 BCE

Alleging disloyalty of his son Antipater, Herod has him killed. He names another son, Archelaus, his successor.[18]

March 4 B.C.

When Herod died in March of 4 B.C. Jesus was a six month old infant living in Galilee. [19] Herod’s son Archelaus organized an elaborate funeral for his father, who no doubt even designed the program, including a royal procession conveying the body to Herodium, where it was interreed as Herod had wished.[20] Herod is interred at Herodium, outside Jerusalem. Herodium lies in the barren Judean hills, 8 miles south of Jerusalem and 3.5 miles east of Bethlehen. A rebellion erupts, put down temporarily by Archelaus. Archelaus travels to Rome for confirmation as ruler. Varus, governor of Syria, attempts to keep the peace, which is broken by revolts in Judea and Galilee. [21] At Herod’s death a former slave of the king, Simon, pretends to kingship in the Transjordan, anticipating the revolt of Simon bar Giora, another leader of the lower classes.[22] With the aid of the Nabatean king, Aretas IV, Varus suppresses rebellion and crucifies 2,000.[23]

4 BCE

Emperor Augustus in Rome hears and settles the dispute over Herod’s succession, dismissing a request from some Judeans to reject Herod’s family. The region is divided among Herod’s three sons: Judea, Samaria, and Idumea to Archelaus; Galilee to Herod Antipas;; and the Lebanon districts to Philip.[24] Herod Philip II (4 B.C. -34 A.D.), one of the sons of Herod the Great and Ruler of the eastern Galilee and the Golan during the time of Jesus’ Galilean ministry, was the first Jewish ruler to have his portrait emblazoned upon a coin. Coins with portraits of Herodian kings are extremely rare because of the Jewish religious prohibition o graven. Only a handful of Philips coins have survived and even these are well worn with largely indistinct busts.[25]

1 CE: The Greek story of Joseph and Asenath resolves the apparent problem that in Genesis the patriarch Joseph marries the daughter of an Egyptian priest. Here Asanath resolves the apparent problem that in Genesis the patriarch Joseph marries the daughter of an Egyptian priest. Here Asanath embraces the reputedly compassionate, patient God of Joseph before her marriage. The story, in which Asanath’s exemplary conversion brings her immortality, may serve as a tract for proselytes.[26]

First Century A.D.

The name of Crawford was created in Scotland sometime during the first century, A.D., when the Roman Conquest was in full swing. The place is known to be along the River Clyde, but more research is needed to pinpoint the exact spot. Since the River Clyde drains several shires, while winding its way northward to meet the Firth of Clyde, it is almost reasonable to choose one of these shires (or counties), preferably Lanarkshire. Here we find the site on which a very ferocious battle was fought, between the Picks (Scots) and the Romans. During one of the conflicts, a tribe known as the Crow Tribe, engaged in the heaviest warfare, helping to bring a decisive victory in favor of the Scots.

The Romans, during their occupation of the British Islands, built two walls in defense of the Scottish area. One reaching from the Solvay Firth to the River Tyne. The second wall ‘Wall of Pius’ created a barrier between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth. Here we find our River Clyde and Lanarkshire between the two walls. One has difficulty in realizing the bloodshed caused by the warfare at this time. The Crow Tribe is most likely to have been the thickest of the fight and had no choice in the matter, due to their location in Lanark.

The Crow Tribe rallied and fought under a Crow totem for such they are named. In consideration of the Crow, this noted tribe produced family names as :Crowfoot, Crawfoot, Crawford, Crowford, Crafford, Crauford, ets… The ‘ford’ the climax of the name, represents the ford or crossing at the River Clyde, where some of their bloodiest battles were maneuvered. The Crow Tribe is likely to have been most trampled down, if it had not been for their gallantry and spirit. Thus, the production of brave soldiers by the name of Crawford. Centuries have passed and the Crawford name still ranks among those of outstanding military events of world history.

The Romans left very little in Scotland by which to be remembered. Except for the ruins of the two walls before mentioned and the name of Caledonia; and to this day the Scottish people are often referred to as Caledonians.

The Caledonians suffered plundering, raids and wars at the hands of other nations, from every direction and from exploitations originating on the mainland of Europe. The Gauls, Britons, Celts, Angles, Saxons and Norsemen, all of whom have made an impression on the Scots, until the former Scottish people compared to the Caledonians of today, might never be recognized. It may be stated that the Gayuls have accomplished more in Scotland than any other race. Gaulic influence has endured for generations on the Scottish soil.[27]

February 26, 364: Valentinian I is proclaimed Roman Emperor. He was the last Emperor to rule the Empire alone. A month later, he would appoint his brother Valens Emperor in the East, while he would rule over the Western portion of the Empire. Valentinian belonged to a minority sect called the Arians. In an attempt to keep peace in the Empire, in 371 he issued a proclamation allowing Christians and Arians to practice their religious belief without incurring any “political disadvantage. This toleration was extended to the Jews.”[28]

364-378 A.D. The task of finding water for Constantinople came to a new Roman ruler named Valens 328-378 who ruled from 364-378. He carried out an audacious plan to create an aqueduct that was the largest in the world. It would transport spring water a staggering four hundred miles. It was longer than all other Roman earlier aqueducts combined. Byzantine Mason’s adorned their bridges with religious carvings. Unlike the Romans, the Byzantines selected Christian, not Pagan, symbols. [29]

February 26, 1147: The Crusaders massacred the Jews of Wurtzburg; so much for all of those tales of knights and chivalry.[30]

February 26, 1418: Emperor Sigsmund “issued commands to all the German princes and magistrates, cities and subjects, to allow” the Jews the full enjoyment of the privileges and immunities given them by the Pope who had denounced attacks on the persons and property of the Jews and the practice of forced conversion.[31]

February 26, 1569: Pius V issued Hebraeorum gens, a papal bull, that accused the Jews of a variety of evil deeds including the practice of magic.[32]

February 26, 1569 Jews expelled from All Papal Territory except Rome and Ancona.[33] Pope Pius V ordered the eviction of all Jews from the Papal States (excluding Rome and Verona) who refuse to convert. Most of the approximately 1000 Jewish families decided to emigrate.[34]

February 26, 1773

It must be remembered that of February 26, 1773, Westmoreland county had been erected, covering all the territory of southwestern Pennsylvania, and the seat of justice was placed at Hanna’s town, about four miles from the present Greensburg. The establishment of government and courts of justice over this territory necessitated increased taxation upon the lands of the pioneers; and, as the greater number of them had come over the mountains from Maryland and Virginia, by way of Braddock’s road, it was not a matter of great difficulty to equal the number of patriotic Pennsylvanians by the number of Virginian partisans from our own settlers. It may be noted that Captain William Crawford, he who was burned at the stake by the Indians at Sandusky in July, 1782, was a Pennsylvanian, being one of the justices of peace, and justices of Bedford, when first organized in 1771; but afterwards espoused the cause of Virginia in the boundary controversy, and in 1775, when presiding judge of the Westmoreland county court, his judicial office was taken from him, as he had then accepted the appointment of justice under Lord Dunmore.[35]



Then followed a series of arrests and counter-arrests, long continued, resulting in riots and broils of intense passion. Everyone who, under color of an office held under the laws of Pennsylvania, attempted any official act, was likely to be arrested and jailed by persons claiming to hold office under the government of Virginia. Likwise were Virginia officials liable to arrest and imprisonment by Pennsylvania partisans.[36]



February 26, 1774; George Washington’s Journal: At home all day. Capt Crawford and Mr. Gist went away after breakfast.[37]



February 26, 1775

"On Sunday, 26 Feb'y, 1775, my father came home from church rather sooner than usual, which attracted my notice, and said to my mother, 'the reg'lars are come and are marching as fast as they can towards the Northfields bridge'; and looking towards her with a very solemn face, remarked, 'I don't know what will be the consequence but something very serious, and I wish you to keep the children home.'" So recounted one of those children, William Gavett, of the old town of Salem in the colony of Massachusetts Bay. The British regulars marching briskly in the biting cold were a detachment of the 64th Regiment commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Leslie, boarded on a transport at Castle William in Boston Harbor that morning and now landed at Marblehead Neck. Leslie intended a march just up the road to Salem where he would swiftly seize cannon and other munitions stored there by the Salem militia and return just as swiftly to Boston, mission accomplished. But, as another Salem resident recalled, Leslie and his men "little knew the jealous watchfulness of the Americans. By the time their feet touched the land . . . the alarm was immediately given by a dozen men running to the door of the new meetinghouse and beating the alarm signal agreed upon, and crying out, 'to arms! to arms!'"

At least in part this urgent call to arms of the Salem militia was provoked by the jealous watchfulness of other Americans in Salem. These were Tories, men and women who were by their lights loyal and reasonable subjects of King George, the third of that name to rule Great Britain. Some of these, spies according to their Whig neighbors, had in fact revealed the precise location of the hidden cannon to Major General Thomas Gage in Boston, now both commander-in-chief of His Majesty's forces in all of North America and military governor of the increasingly ungovernable colony of Massachusetts. It had been very nearly a year since the last royal governor, Thomas Hutchinson, had advised the king that the "course of the law [in Massachusetts] is now wholly stopped. All legislative as well as executive power is gone." Gage in his turn, though generally sympathetic to Americans, had made up his mind last summer that "civil government is near its end." Furthermore, he concluded, "conciliation, moderation, reasoning, is over; nothing can be done but by forcible means." Still, General Gage was hardly eager to use force to subdue this province now in all-but-open rebellion. For one thing the commander of all British forces in North America had at the time barely 3,000 troops at his command to do the subduing with if it came to that. He was determined, as he wrote his superiors in far-off London, to "avoid any bloody crisis as long as possible, until his Majesty will in the meantime judge best what is to be done."

Of course neither the best judgment of the king and his ministry nor the sincere resolve of General Gage to keep peace in the imperial household was of any particular use to Lieutenant Colonel Leslie and the men of the 64th just now, for they were marching directly into a confrontation that had all the makings of a bloody crisis. Coming up the road to Salem, drums beating and fifes playing the mocking "Yankee Doodle," the regulars met at the Northfield Bridge the good people of Salem, tumbling out of the Sabbath calm into the cold. Many were armed, most were angry, and all appeared resolved that the Redcoats would not cross this bridge and march into town this day. To that end, the northern leaf of the drawbridge had been hoisted, leaving Leslie on the far bank as angry as his antagonists on the Salem side. Shouting across the span, Leslie declared he would fire on the townspeople if they did not lower the bridge straightaway. As Billy Gavett (who did not stay home with mother) remembered it, Captain John Felt of the Salem militia shouted back that if the Redcoats dared open fire, they would "all be dead men." Felt said later that he meant to seize Leslie and leap into the river with him, willing to "be drowned [himself] to be the death of one Englishman." Safe for the moment from Captain Felt's murderous grasp but still unable to march his men across, Leslie thought he might use two barges on the western bank to row across. But when he sent a squad down to seize them, some townsmen were already aboard and at work scuttling their own boats with hatchets. In the scuffle between soldiers and Salemites, one Joseph Whicher was pricked by a soldier's bayonet. Blood, that most volatile fluid, had been spilled. Not much, it was true, but enough to raise the temper of the jeering and threatening crowd another notch. "Soldiers, red-jackets, lobster-coats, cowards," one man called out lustily, "damnation to your government!" It was not a propitious moment for the cause of peace. The roads leading down to Salem were filling up with armed militiamen on the march from as far away as Danvers.

Leslie himself, hotter than ever while his men shivered in the cold, was not deterred from his purpose: "I will get over this bridge before I return to Boston," he announced, "if I stay here till next autumn. . . . By God, I will not be defeated." What he would do when and if he got to the other side was hard to say, though, because David Boyce, a Quaker who lived nearby, was even then hauling the disputed cannon away up the Danvers road to the northwest. Another man of peace was immediately at hand, however, the Reverend Mr. Barnard, whose Congregational services were halted by the first alarm. "I pray, Sir," Barnard ventured to Leslie, that "there will be no collision between the people and the troops." In this moment of calm, Leslie, thus far frustrated in his threats of military force, thought he might try the force of argument. "It is the King's Highway that passes over that bridge," he insisted to Captain Felt, "and I will not be prevented from crossing it." An old Salem man on the scene, James Barr, spoke up and posed the counter-argument: "It is not the King's Highway," Barr and his fellow townsfolk held: "it is a road built by the owners of the lots on the other side, and no king, country, or town has anything to with it," and, he added, "I think it will be the best way for you to conclude that the King has nothing to do with it."

Leslie was of course the king's soldier, not his barrister. In the name of the king and for the sake of his own and his regiment's honor, he might well have forced the bridge in a bloody showdown then and there. Leslie had his orders and the people of Salem their firm resolve to resist his execution of them. The palpably real possibility of a shooting war was hanging in the winter air. But it had not quite come to that. Colonel Leslie and Captain Felt put their heads together at last and came to an awkward compromise: the Americans would lower the bridge, Leslie and the men of the 64th would march across the distance of fifty rods, and return at once the way they came "without troubling or disturbing anything." Having approached so close to tragedy, the confrontation was resolved in a kind of comic opera, which John Trumbull celebrated in a playful squib:



Through Salem straight, without delay,

The bold battalion took its way;

Marched o'er a bridge, in open sight

Of several Yankees armed for fight;

Then, without loss of time or men,

Veered round for Boston back again,

And found so well their projects thrive

That every soul got home alive.



But if the cause of peace had prospered here at the Northfield Bridge on this February day in 1775, it was not at all clear how much longer it would hold sway. In the seats of power in London statesmen and soldiers had been considering for some time the "forcible means" by which the king's dominion might be restored in New England. On the American side of the Atlantic there was no question that the colonials were training for a test of arms. The number of militiamen on the march to Salem within the hour was just one evidence of their purposeful preparation. But whether the Americans had the will to resist the king's force with force was a question. Still, perhaps it would have been instructive for King George to hear what Colonel Leslie heard as he wheeled his column around in Salem and headed back toward Marblehead. From a window of a nearby house Sarah Tarrant, a nurse, called out to the passing Redcoats: "Tell your master he has sent you on a fool's errand and broken the peace of our Sabbath. What, do you think we were born in the woods to be frightened by owls?" When a soldier raised a musket in her direction, she cried: "Fire if you have the courage, but I doubt it." It was a strange ending to a puzzling day. Salem's pacifist Friend, David Boyce, had brought his team out to haul implements of war away to a place of safety. Sarah Tarrant, a healer, had shouted hot, belligerent words at some of the western world's toughest professional soldiers. Two men of war, Colonel Leslie and Captain Felt, had reasoned together somehow and preserved an uneasy, face-saving peace. As British troops marched away from the bridge where war did not begin, their band was playing "The World Turned Upside Down."

This incident at the bridge, though minor, was not trivial. Was this country lane properly the king's highway after all, or did it rightfully belong to the people of Salem who built it and held its deed? The confrontation brought into focus and contention fundamental questions that abler minds than Colonel Leslie's or old Mr. Barr's had been pondering and arguing with increasing rancor for more than a decade. What were the legitimate rights of the king's subjects in America under the ancient British constitution? And what was the proper relation between the just powers of the popularly elected colonial assemblies and the political authority of Parliament? These were ultimately questions of life, liberty, and property, and as winter turned toward spring in 1775, they were no closer to mutually acceptable answers than when they first arose back in '64 and '65 in the debates about Parliament's right to tax the colonies. What was clear was that ideas about governance on both sides of the Atlantic were hardening into fixed resolves. The English Parliament asserted its absolute right to govern the colonies in all cases whatsoever, and the colonials in America insisted on their incontrovertible right as Englishmen not to be governed without their consent. With these fixed resolves came much saber rattling from the contending parties, and more than mere rattling it seemed to many thoughtful observers. In the aftermath of the dissolution of Massachusetts' General Assembly and in light of General Gage's increasingly aggressive military posture, Hannah Winthrop wrote in tears to Mercy Warren: "The dissolution of all Government gives a dreadful Prospect, the fortifying Boston Neck, the Huge Cannon now mounted there, the busy preparation, the agility of the Troops, give a Horrid prospect of an intended Battle. Kind Heaven avert the Storm!" Her husband, John, was not at all sure whether a Kind Heaven or the God of Battles would reign just now in the affairs of men. In a letter to John Adams (an active Whig politician who was doing his part and more to sow the storm), Winthrop thought the time was not far off when he "must beat [his] plowshares into Swords, and pruning Hooks into Spears."[38]



Fri. February 26[39], 1864 (William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary)

Felt weak was ordered to algeirs[40]

Started at 4 pm on Ratdale steam boat.

Got across the lake all night at boat landing

Slept under a shed over the lake



February 26, 1917: In a crucial step toward U.S. entry into World War I, President Woodrow Wilson learns of the so-called Zimmermann Telegram, a message from German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann to the German ambassador to Mexico proposing a Mexican-German alliance in the event of a war between the U.S. and Germany.

On February 24, 1917, British authorities gave Walter Hines Page, the U.S. ambassador to Britain, a copy of the Zimmermann Telegram, a coded message from Zimmermann to Count Johann von Bernstorff, the German ambassador to Mexico. In the telegram, intercepted and deciphered by British intelligence in late January, Zimmermann instructed his ambassador, in the event of a German war with the United States, to offer significant financial aid to Mexico if it agreed to enter the conflict as a German ally. Germany also promised to restore to Mexico the lost territories of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.

The State Department promptly sent a copy of the Zimmermann Telegram to President Wilson, who was shocked by the note's content and the next day proposed to Congress that the U.S. should start arming its ships against possible German attacks. Wilson also authorized the State Department to publish the telegram; it appeared on the front pages of American newspapers on March 1. Many Americans were horrified and declared the note a forgery; two days later, however, Zimmermann himself announced that it was genuine.

The Zimmermann Telegram helped turn the U.S. public, already angered by repeated German attacks on U.S. ships, firmly against Germany. On April 2, President Wilson, who had initially sought a peaceful resolution to World War I, urged immediate U.S. entrance into the war. Four days later, Congress formally declared war against Germany.[41]

February 26, 1924: The trial against Hitler began in Munich. Hitler was on trial for his part in attempted coup that began in a Munich Beer Hall. The coup failed. Hitler was found guilty and sent to jail. While in jail, he wrote Mien Kampf. He was treated like a celebrity while in jail and came out stronger politically than when he went in.[42]



1924

The National Origins Quota of 1924 and Immigration Act of 1924 largely halted immigration to the U.S. from Eastern Europe and Russia; many later saw these governmental policies as having anti-Semitic undertones, as a great many of these immigrants coming from Russia and Eastern Europe were Jews.[43]



1924: There had been five to six million Klan members in 1924. The peak activity of the Ku Klux Klan in Iowa was in 1924, when many towns and cities experienced cross-burnings, Klan parades and political activism. The Klan influenced many elections across the country, including an Iowa race for the United States Senate. The Klan helped the campaigns of many school board members, succeeding in electing representatives of their point of view, but in 1926 many of them were voted out.

There were many other ways that the Klan upset people. One was to stride silently in uniform into a church, and deposit money at the altar. One black congregation in Centerville, a coal-mining town in southeastern Iowa, received $100 this way. Many of the church’s members thought that the Klan was their friend after that. [44]



In 1924 the order enjoyed even greater success, electing governors in Colorado and Maine, winning almost complete control of the state of Indiana, and joining with its sympathizers to elect governors in Ohio and Louisiana and a United States Senator in Oklahoma. Equally important, the Klan for the first time threw its weight into national politics.[45]



February 26, 1925: As a sign of the growing power of the Nazi Party, The Völkischer Beobachter the party’s official newspaper begins publishing again.[46]



1925: From 1925, when it graduated its first class, until it was closed in 1959, 345 students graduated from the Buck Creek high school, an average of just under ten per year. [47] My mother, Mary Winch Goodlove, a graduate of Buck Creek High School told me today (February 25, 2011) that Buck Creek School was being torn down.



1925

“The Jewish people, despite all apparent intellectual qualities, is without any true culture, and especially without any culture of its own,” Hitler wrote in Mein Kampf (My Struggle), his Nazi manifesto published in 1925. “For what shame culture the Jew today possesses is the property of other peoples, and for the most part it is ruined in his hands.”[48]

On February 26, 1935, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler signs a secret decree authorizing the founding of the Reich Luftwaffe as a third German military service to join the Reich army and navy. In the same decree, Hitler appointed Hermann Goering, a German air hero from World War I and high-ranking Nazi, as commander in chief of the new German air force.

The Versailles Treaty that ended World War I prohibited military aviation in Germany, but a German civilian airline--Lufthansa--was founded in 1926 and provided flight training for the men who would later become Luftwaffe pilots. After coming to power in 1933, Nazi leader Adolf Hitler began to secretly develop a state-of-the-art military air force and appointed Goering as German air minister. (During World War I, Goering commanded the celebrated air squadron in which the great German ace Manfred von Richthofen--"The Red Baron"--served.) In February 1935, Hitler formally organized the Luftwaffe as a major step in his program of German rearmament.

The Luftwaffe was to be uncamouflaged step-by-step so as not to alarm foreign governments, and the size and composition of Luftwaffe units were to remain secret as before. However, in March 1935, Britain announced it was strengthening its Royal Air Force (RAF), and Hitler, not to be outdone, revealed his Luftwaffe, which was rapidly growing into a formidable air force.

As German rearmament moved forward at an alarming rate, Britain and France protested but failed to keep up with German war production. The German air fleet grew dramatically, and the new German fighter--the Me-109--was far more sophisticated than its counterparts in Britain, France, or Russia. The Me-109 was bloodied during the Spanish Civil War; Luftwaffe pilots received combat training as they tried out new aerial attack formations on Spanish towns such as Guernica, which suffered more than 1,000 killed during a brutal bombing by the Luftwaffe in April 1937.

The Luftwaffe was configured to serve as a crucial part of the German blitzkrieg, or "lightning war"--the deadly military strategy developed by General Heinz Guderian. As German panzer divisions burst deep into enemy territory, lethal Luftwaffe dive-bombers would decimate the enemy's supply and communication lines and cause panic. By the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the Luftwaffe had an operational force of 1,000 fighters and 1,050 bombers.

First Poland and then Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France fell to the blitzkrieg. After the surrender of France, Germany turned the Luftwaffe against Britain, hoping to destroy the RAF in preparation for a proposed German landing. However, in the epic air battle known as the Battle of Britain, the outnumbered RAF fliers successfully resisted the Luftwaffe, relying on radar technology, their new, highly maneuverable Spitfire aircraft, bravery, and luck. For every British plane shot down, two German warplanes were destroyed. In the face of British resistance, Hitler changed strategy in the Battle of Britain, abandoning his invasion plans and attempting to bomb London into submission. However, in this campaign, the Luftwaffe was hampered by its lack of strategic, long-range bombers, and in early 1941 the Battle of Britain ended in failure.

Britain had handed the Luftwaffe its first defeat. Later that year, Hitler ordered an invasion of the USSR, which after initial triumphs turned into an unqualified disaster. As Hitler stubbornly fought to overcome Russia's bitter resistance, the depleted Luftwaffe steadily lost air superiority over Europe in the face of increasing British and American air attacks. By the time of the D-Day invasion of Normandy in June 1944, the Luftwaffe air fleet was a skeleton of its former self.[49]

1935: Nuremberg Laws introduced. Jewish rights rescinded. The Reich Citizenship Law strips them of citizenship. The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor:

Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or kindred blood are forbidden.

Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and nationals of German or kindred blood are forbidden.

Jews will no be permitted to employ female citizens of German or kindred blood as domestic servants.

Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colors. On the other hand they are permitted to display the Jewish colors.[50]





February 26, 1943:‘First Deportation- The screening for the first deportation, on February 26, was more rapid than careful. Everyone, as his name was called, was earmarked for deportation right away, even the sick and infirm. The only nationalities exempted were Hungarians and Turks. For the first time [from Gurs] Belgians, Dutch, Luxenburgers, and Greeks were included. The first convoy consisted of 975 men. [51]



On board Convoy 50 was Leizer Gotlieb born November 6, 1891 from Russie, (Russia), and Charles Gottlieb, born May 13, 1898 from Fulda, Germany. [52]



• February 26, 1943: The first transport of Gypsies reaches Auschwitz. They are placed in a special section of the camp called the Gypsy Camp.[53]





February 26, 2010,



I Get Email!



Great News! I was contacted by the DNA match whose common ancestor and ours is 99% chance of being within 8 to 12 generations. I have some information to share and some I cannot due to a request of anonymity. This places our relationship with a common male ancestor to within 200 (65% chance) to 300 years (90.21% chance). Some important facts are that his earliest known ancestor is from Budapest, Hungary around 1850. This family then moved to Vienna, Austria. The family is of Jewish ancestry but finding out they were Cohen came to a “mild surprise.” The name is not the same as ours but is a relatively common German name and not usually Jewish although it sometimes is and there are Rabbi’s that go by that name today in Germany. This persons DNA is also associated with the Godlove and Webber lines, so this is an important discovery to say the least.



Jeff Goodlove





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[2] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 54.

[3] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 54.

[4] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 54.

[5] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 54.

[6] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 55.

[7] Astronomical evidence points to 33 A.D. rather than 30 A.D. All four Gospels agree the crucifixion of Jesus took place on a Friday, during the Feast of Passover, celebrated by the Jews on the fifteenth of Nisan, commencing on the evening when the full moon occurs. In 30 A.D. Passover was held on a Thursday, whereas in 33 A.D. it was held on a Friday, as the full moon occurred on those days.

[8] Jews, God and History by Max I. Dimont, 1962 pg. 137.

[9] Jesus the Jew, A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels, by Geza Vermes, page 45.

[10] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1295.

[11] The Hidden History of Jesus…The Jesus Dynasty, by James Tabor, page 101.

[12] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 55.

[13] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1297.

[14] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1298.

[15] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1302.

[16] Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 2011, Vol 37, No 1. Page 38.

[17] Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 2011, Vol 37, No 1. Page 39.

[18] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 55.

[19] The Hidden History of Jesus…The Jesus Dynasty, by James Tabor, page 102.

[20] Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 2011, Vol 37, No 1. Page 39.

[21] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 55.

[22] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 55.

[23] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 55.

[24] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 55.

[25] Biblical Archaelology Review, March/April, 2010 Volo 36, No2.

[26] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 56.

[27] From River Clyde to Tymotchtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, pg. 1-2.

[28] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[29] Engineering an Empire, The Byzantines, HISTI, 2006.

[30] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[31] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[32] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[33] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm

[34] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[35] (From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, pages 125-127-128.

[36] Crumrine, (From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, pages 128.)

[37] Washington writings. From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford, by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, page 121).

[38] Born in Battle: A History of the American Revolution CD ROM

[39] February 26-27. Left Madisonville, Louisiana for Algiers, Louisiana, arriving February 27. (Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Part II Record of Events Volume 20 Serial no. 32. Broadfoot Publishing Company Wilmington, NC 1995.)

[40] After the regiment made one trip to Algiers and back [26 Feb 1864], it was sent to Berwick bay to join Major General Banks for his second attempt to clear the Red River.

Home.comcast.net/~troygoss/millciv

[41] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/president-wilson-learns-of-zimmermann-telegram

[42] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[43]www.wikipedia.org

[44] http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000303

[45] The Ku Klux Klan in the Southwest by Charles C,. Alexander, 1966, page 159-160.

[46] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[47] Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 282.

[48] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 299.

[49] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hitler-organizes-luftwaffe

[50] www.wikipedia.org

[51] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 392-394.

[52] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 399.

[53] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1775