This Day in Goodlove History, November 18, 2014
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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Theodore Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! https://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004
Relatives with Birthdays on November 19….
Charles I
Margaret Holmes Crawford
Jason R. Oestern
Margeret L. Sargent
Donna R. Schoebel
Robert Sidney
Stacey L. Winch
November 19, 1581: She subscribes a promise of marriage to him, but the ceremony is again postponed for several months.
About this time, the ministers of Elizabeth, having obtained some information respecting the designs of Parsons and his correspondents in Scotland, sent to Sheffield Beale, the clerk of the council and brother-in-law of Walsingham, under pretence of treating with Mary about her liberation. But, in reality, his errand was to discover what expectations she had from the side of Scotland. [1]
November 19, 1586: Lord Buckhurst, and Beale, the clerk of the council, arrive at Fotheringay, and notify to Mary the sentence pronounced against her.f[2] The princess received it with calmness and dignity, always protesting her innocence of being in any wise participant in the plot to assassinate the Queen of England. At the same time she sent a letter to Elizabeth, with diflferent requests relating to her interment and the welfare of her servants. [3]
November 19, 1589: James sailed from Leith with a three-hundred-strong retinue to fetch his wife personally, arriving in Oslo on November 19 after travelling by land from Flekkefjord via Tønsberg.[32] According to a Scottish account, he presented himself to Anne, "with boots and all", and, disarming her protests, gave her a kiss in the Scottish fashion.[33] [4]
November 19, 1600:
King Charles I by Antoon van Dyck.jpg
Portrait by Anthony van Dyck, 1636
King of England and Ireland (more...)
Reign
March 27, 1625 –
January 30, 1649
Coronation
February 2,1626
Predecessor
James I
Successor
Charles II (de jure)
Council of State (de facto)
King of Scots (more...)
Reign
March 27, 1625 –
January 30,1649
Coronation
June 18, 1633
Predecessor
James VI
Successor
Charles II
Spouse
Henrietta Maria of France
more...
Issue
Charles II
Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
James II & VII
Elizabeth
Anne
Henry, Duke of Gloucester
Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans
House
House of Stuart
Father
James VI of Scotland and I of England
Mother
Anne of Denmark
Born
(1600-11-19)November 19,1600
Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Scotland
Died
January 30, 1649(1649-01-30) (aged 48)
Whitehall, England
Burial
February 7, 1649
Windsor, England
Religion
Anglican
Charles I (November 19, 1600 – January 30, 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from March 27, 1625 until his execution in 1649.[a] Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst the Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles believed was divinely ordained. Many of his English subjects opposed his actions, in particular his interference in the English and Scottish churches and the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, because they saw them as those of a tyrannical, absolute monarch.[1]
The second son of King James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Charles was born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, on November 19, 1600.[1][3] His paternal grandmother was Mary, Queen of Scots.
November 19, 1600 – March 27, 1625: Prince (or Lord) Charles[5]
November 19, 1600: For the royal entry of Marie into Papal Avignon on November 19, 1600, the Jesuit scholars bestowed on Henry the title of the Hercule Gaulois ("Gallic Hercules"), justifying the extravagant flattery with a genealogy that traced the origin of the House of Navarre to a nephew of Hercules' son Hispalus.[21]
Achievements of his reign
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf4/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Itinerary of François Pyrard de Laval, from 1601 to 1611.
During his reign, Henry IV worked through his faithful right-hand man, the minister Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, to regularize state finance, promote agriculture, drain swamps, undertake public works, and encourage education, as with the creation of the Collège Royal Henri-le-Grand in La Flèche (today the Prytanée Militaire de la Flèche). He and Sully protected forests from further devastation, built a new system of tree-lined highways, and constructed new bridges and canals. He had a 1200 metre canal built in the park at the Château Fontainebleau (which can be fished today) and ordered the planting of pines, elms, and fruit trees.
The king restored Paris as a great city, with the Pont Neuf, which still stands today, constructed over the Seine river to connect the Right and Left Banks of the city. Henry IV also had the Place Royale built (since 1800 known as Place des Vosges), and added the Grande Galerie to the Louvre. More than 400 metres long and thirty-five metres wide, this huge addition was built along the bank of the Seine River, and at the time was the longest edifice of its kind in the world. King Henry IV, a promoter of the arts by all classes of people, invited hundreds of artists and craftsmen to live and work on the building's lower floors. This tradition continued for another two hundred years, until Emperor Napoleon I banned it. The art and architecture of his reign have since become known as the "Henry IV style".
King Henry's vision extended beyond France, and he financed several expeditions of Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts, and Samuel de Champlain to North America that saw France lay claim to Canada.[22]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Henri_IV_demi_ecu_Saint_Lo_1589.jpg/220px-Henri_IV_demi_ecu_Saint_Lo_1589.jpg
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf4/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Coin of Henry IV, demi écu, Saint Lô, 1589.
The reign of Henry IV saw the continuation of the rivalry between France and the Habsburg rulers of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire for the mastery of Western Europe, a conflict that would only be resolved after the end of the Thirty Years' War.
Spain and Italy
During Henry's struggle for the crown, Spain had been the principal backer of the Catholic League, and it tried to thwart Henry. An army from the Spanish Netherlands under Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, intervened in 1590 against Henry and foiled his siege of Paris. Another Spanish army helped the nobles opposing Henry to win the Battle of Craon against his troops in 1592.
After Henry's coronation, the war continued as an official tug-of-war between the French and Spanish states that was terminated by the Peace of Vervins in 1598.
This enabled Henry to turn his attention to Savoy, with which he had also been fighting. Their conflicts were settled in the Treaty of Lyon of 1601, which mandated territorial exchanges between France and the Duchy of Savoy.
Germany
In 1609 Henry's intervention helped to settle the War of the Jülich succession through diplomatic means.
It was widely believed that in 1610 Henry was preparing to go to war against the Holy Roman Empire. However, the preparations were terminated by his assassination and the subsequent rapprochement with Spain under the regency of Marie de' Medici.
Ottoman Empire
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf4/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Bilingual Franco-Turkish translation of the 1604 Franco-Ottoman Capitulations between Sultan Ahmed I and Henry IV of France, published by François Savary de Brèves in 1615.[23]
Even before Henry's accession to the French throne, the French Huguenots were in contact with Aragonese Moriscos in plans against the Habsburg government of Spain in the 1570s.[24] Around 1575, plans were made for a combined attack of Aragonese Moriscos and Huguenots from Béarn under Henry against Spanish Aragon, in agreement with the king of Algiers and the Ottoman Empire, but these projects foundered with the arrival of John of Austria in Aragon and the disarmament of the Moriscos.[25][26] In 1576, a three-pronged fleet from Constantinople was planned to disembark between Murcia and Valencia while the French Huguenots would invade from the north and the Moriscos accomplish their uprising, but the Ottoman fleet failed to arrive.[25]
After his crowning, Henry continued the policy of a Franco-Ottoman alliance and received an embassy from Sultan Mehmed III in 1601.[27][28] In 1604, a "Peace Treaty and Capitulation" was signed between Henry IV and the Ottoman Sultan Ahmet I. It granted numerous advantages to France in the Ottoman Empire.[28]
In 1606–7, Henry IV sent Arnoult de Lisle as Ambassador to Morocco in order to obtain the observance of past friendship treaties. An embassy was sent to Tunisia in 1608 led by François Savary de Brèves.[29]
November 19, 1662:
Anne Élisabeth de France
November 19, 1662
December 30, 1662
Fille de France. Died in infancy.
[6]
November 19, 1761: St. John's parich register shows that on November 19, 1761 Sarah Bryce, the second daughter of Captain John Bryce of Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland was married to Richard Henderson. [7]This wedding took place while the McKinnon family was associated with St. John's parish. Thus it is likely that Eleanor knew the Brice Family and they could have acted to bring John Dodson and Eleanor (Howard) McKinnon together.
The register for the military unit being formed in Annapolis shows the following enlistments:
Name Rank Date Enlisted Date Discharged Remarks
Majors. Jno pbt February 4, 1778 August 16, 1881 Prisoner
Dodson John Pvt February 5, 1778 June 11, 1778 Discharged
Pringic. John Pvt 6 February 6, 1778 August 16, 1880 Missing
Rady. Laurence Pvt February 7, 1778 July 8, 1779 Deserted
Cheney. John Pvt February 10, 1778
Timms. Edward Pvt February 11, 1778 November 1, 1880 Present
Therefore it appears that John Dodson was not part of any group but rather enlisted himself on that date.[8]
November 19, 1770: At the same place, & in the same Situation as yesterday.
November 19th, 1770:.—The Delawares set off with the canoe, and our horses not arriving, the day appeared exceedingly long and tedious. Upon conversing with Nicholson, I found he had been two or three times to Fort Chartres, on the Illinois, and I got from him an account of the lands between this place and that, and upon the Shawanese river, on which he had been hunting.
NOVEMBER 19, 1773. (244) George Cutlip, witness from Botetourt. (I would
like to know more about this. Evidently the George Cutlip and wife Susanna
that lived in Dunmore County moved to Botetourt now Greenbrier County since we
have two 1773 dates, September (Dunmore) and November (Botetourt). This would
also mean that George, Jr., was first married to Susanna since he is always on record in Greenbrier County.[9]
By 1773 the East India Company was nearly bankrupt, with millions of pounds of unsold tea in its London warehouses.
The Tea Act was essentially a bailout of the East India Company. It levied no new taxes, although the three-penny tax on tea remained from before. Instead, the Tea Act gave the Company a one-shilling per pound subsidy on all tea sold in America. Now the Company could undersell the smugglers, and get rid of its surplus tea at a profit.
Bostonians would have none of it. In the first place, the Tea Act gave a monopoly to certain “consignees”, who all turned out to be Bernor Hutchinson’s close friends and relatives. The town’s merchants were outraged. If the royal officials could do this with tea, they could do it with other goods. No merchant of shopowner would be safe.
Furthermore, the Tea Act was seen as a ruse to get the colonist to pay the three penny tax which they had so long opposed. The cry “No tax on tea!” echoed through the streets and in town meetings.
The Tea Act, then, managed to offend everyone in town, even many who had supported the Crown before.
The consignees were “enemies of the country”;America, one writer opined, was “threatened ith worse than Egyptian slavery.” Virtually no one, savwe the Governor and his cosignees, wished the tea to be landed.
Or as Abigail Adams put it, “The flame is kindled and like lightning it catches from soul to soul.”
November 19, 1776: at Hackensac [New Jersey].
I began this Letter at the White plains as you will see bythe first part of it; but by the time I had got thus far the Enemy advance a Second time (for they had done it once before, & after engaging some Troops which I had posted on a Hill, and driving them from it with the loss of abt. 300 killed & wounded to them, & little more than half the number to us) as if they meant a genel. Attack but finding us ready to receive them, & upon such ground as they could not approach without loss, they filed of & retreated towards New York.
As it was conceived that this Manoeuvre was done with a design to attack Fort Washington (near Harlem heights)[10] or to throw a body of Troops into the Jersey’s, or what might be still worse, aim a stroke at Philadelphia, I hastend over on this side [New Jersey] with abt. 5000 Men by a round about March (wch. we were obliged to take on Acct. of the shipping opposing the passage at all the lower Ferries) of near 65 Miles, but did not get hear time enough to take Measures to save Fort Washington tho I got here myself a day or two before it surrendered, which happened on the 16th. Instt. after making a defence of about 4 or 5 hours only.
This is a most unfortunate affair, and has given me great Mortification as we have lost not only two thousand Men that were there, but a good deal of Artillery, & some of the best Arms we had. And what adds to my Mortification is that this Post, after the last Ships went past it, was held contrary to my Wishes & opinion; as I conceived it to be a dangerous one: but being determind on by a full Council of General Officers, and recieving a resolution of Congress strongly expressive of their desires, that the Channel of the River (which we had been labouring to stop for a long while at this place) might be obstructed, if possible, & knowing that this could not be done unless there were Batteries to protect the Obstruction I did not care to give an absolute Order for withdrawing the Garrison till I could get round & see the Situation of things & then it became too late as the Fort was Invested.[11]
November 19, 1776: At a Court held for the district of West Augusta at Augusta Town, November 19, 1776 :
Present, Edward Ward, John McColloch, John Cannon,
William Goe, David Shepherd.
Thomas Glenn, who was bound by recog to Appear at the
Grand jury Court, appeared, and was Ord to be prosecuted
for beating his Serv't. No prosecutor or Witnesses appearing,
it is ordered that he be discharged.
Ord that the Court be adjorned until to Morrow Morning 8
o'clock Edw'd Ward. [12]
November 19, 1776: Battle of Fort Lee.[13]
November 19, 1777: General Cornwallis joined our troops with a Hessian grenadier battalion, the English Thirty-third Regiment, and one hundred Hessian jägers and twelve of ours, and assumed command. He came over at Chester from Howe’s army. [14][15]
November 19, 1778:
19th Nothing material. Other than Employing Fatigues and
Artificers to carry on the work of the Fort[16]
November 19, 1778
Head Quarters Camp N 12 19th Novr
Officer of the Day Col° Beeler [17]
November 19, 1779: This Baltimore agreement was ratified and finally confirmed by the
Pennsylvania General Assembly on November 19, 1779. Virginia,
however, held back, and whether from a dissatisfaction with the boun-
dary as recommended by the commissioners or with an intention of
benefiting her whilom adherents in the Monongahela valley, her
Assembly had no action on the subject until the following summer.
And what occurred in the meantime ? [18]
1779 MAP OF THE EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH AMERICA, [19]
In 1779, Col. John Bowman, commanding a force of 160 men, crossed the Ohio at the mouth of the Licking, and after a rapid march attacked the Indian town of Old Chillicothe, on the Little Miami. three miles north of Xenia. The attack was repulsed, and Col. Bowman capturing a sufficient number of ponies to mount his men, began a hurried retreat, being closely, pursued by the Indians until he recrossed the Ohio, having lost nine men in the expedition. In October of the same year, Col. David Rogers and Capt. Robert Benham, with 100 men, were passing down the Ohio, in two keel boats, and noticing Indians on the shores, Col. Rogers landed one-half his command for the purpose of attacking the savages. The whites were ambushed by about 500 Indians, a fierce battle ensued, but the odds were too great, and Rogers, with nearly all his men were tomahawked and scalped. Capt. Benham, with a few survivors, cut his way out and finally escaped, although the Captain was severely wounded and lay in the woods two days ere rescued by a passing boat.[20]
November 19, 1794: Jay Treaty, also known as Jay's Treaty, The British Treaty, the Treaty of London of 1794, and officially the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and The United States of America,[1][2] was a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war,[3] resolving issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Revolution,[4], and facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792.
The terms of the treaty were designed primarily by Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, strongly supported by the chief negotiator John Jay; and support from President George Washington. The treaty gained the primary American goals, which included the withdrawal of units of the British Army from pre-Revolutionary forts that it had failed to relinquish in the Northwest Territory of the United States (the area west of Pennsylvania and north of the Ohio River). (The British had recognized this area as American territory in the Treaty of Paris of 1783.) The parties agree that disputes over wartime debts and the American-Canadian boundary were to be sent to arbitration—one of the first major uses of arbitration in diplomatic history. The Americans were granted limited rights to trade with British possessions in India and colonies in the Caribbean in exchange for some limits on the American export of cotton.
The treaty was hotly contested by the Jeffersonians in each state. They feared that closer economic ties with Britain would strengthen Hamilton's Federalist Party, promote aristocracy and undercut republicanism. Washington's announced support proved decisive and the treaty was ratified by a 2/3 majority of the Senate in November 1794. The treaty became a central issue of contention—leading to the formation of the "First Party System" in the United States, with the Federalists favoring Britain and the Jeffersonian republicans favoring France. The treaty was for ten years' duration. Efforts to agree on a replacement treaty failed (in 1806) when Jefferson rejected the Monroe-Pinkney Treaty as tensions escalated toward the War of 1812.[5] The treaty was signed on November 19, 1794, the Senate advised and consented on June 24, 1795; it was ratified by the President and the British government; it took effect on the day ratifications were officially exchanged, February 29, 1796. [21][22]
November 19, 1812: EBENEZER ZANE, b. October 7, 1747, Berkeley County, VA/WV, d. November 19, 1812, Wheeling, VA/WV, married Elizabeth McCulloch. With his brothers, in 1769, laid claim to the area that is now Wheeling. One who directed the construction of Fort Henry, defended it at the "first siege"*, September 1, 1777. Delegate to the 1788 Virginia Assembly and served as Colonel of the Virginia troops. Listed in D.A.R. Patriot Index - Patriotic Service, Colonel, VA. [23]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday, July 7, 1832.
En route to White Water River.
Indians fire on camp, wounding soldier. Black Hawk is believed in camp in the fork of White Water and Rock. In search of ford, Gen. Atkinson advances up White Water over difficult and almost impassable route some 10 miles, and camps.IHi—BHWC, Johnston Journal, Atkinson to Adj. Gen. Roger Jones, 19 November 19, 1832; Journal of Ninevah Shaw, Photocopy.
[24]
November 19, 1845: The Mansion House Committee in Dublin claimed to have "ascertained beyond the shadow of doubt that considerably more than one-third of the entire potato crop...has been already destroyed."[21] [25]
November 19, 1851: Ernest Augustus I (King of Hanover; b. June 5, 1771, d. November 19, 1851).[26]
November 19, 1861: Boteler, Alexander Robinson, a Representative from Virginia; born in Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Va. (now West Virginia), May 16, 1815; was graduated from Princeton College in 1835; engaged in agriculture and literary pursuits; elected as the candidate of the Opposition Party to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army and was a member of Stonewall Jackson’s staff; chosen by the State convention a Representative from Virginia to the Confederate Provisional Congress November 19, 1861; elected from Virginia to the Confederate Congress, serving from February 1862 to February 1864; appointed a member of the Centennial Commission in 1876; appointed a member of the Centennial Commission in 1876; appointed a member of the Tariff Commission by President Arthur and a member and subsequently made pardon clerk in the Department of Justice by Attorney General Brewster; died in Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, W. Va., May 8, 1892; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.[27]
November 19, 1863
Edward Everett, the most renowned orator of his day gave one of his best performances of his life and spoke for two hours in a speech that no one will remember.[28]
President Lincoln delivers his Gettysburg Address at the military cemetery on the Gettysburg battlefield.[29] 20,000 come to pay tribute on that day.[30] His 271 word remark would become one of the finest speeches in world history.
The Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great Civil War testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated,[31]
can long endure.
We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate…we can not consecrate…we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, thatconsecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vane--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government: of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.[32]
“I failed, I failed, and that is about all that can be said about it.” Abraham Lincoln used these self critical words to dismiss his Gettyburg Address moments after delivering it.[33]
President Lincoln falls ill with a variation of small pox, and will be be bedridden for three weeks.[34]
Abraham Lincoln
Gettysburg Address, 1863
The victory of the Union troops in the battle of Gettysburg, in July of 1863, was a turning point in the war, halting General Lee’s momentous drive into the heart of the northern states. The losses suffered by both sides were astounding. Three days of brutal fighting left over fifty thyousand soldiers dead or wounded. In the bloody after math, a cemetery was hastily planned and contructed on the site
Months later, on November 19, an official ceremony was held to honor the dead and dedicate the cemetery to their memory. Popular speaker Edward Everett (1794-1865) gave a two hous long exercise in oratorical excess, after which President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was asked to give “a few appropriate remarks” for the occasion. His brief address was not received well at the moment, but over the years it has come to be considered one of the finest speeches in the English language/. In a succinct, powerful manner, Lincoln conveyed a sense of awe and respect for the sacrifice made by the soldiers. At the same time he placed the tragedy in a larger context, presenting the vision of a great leader with the words of a poet.[35]
“Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.
We are met on a great battlefield of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion th that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and properthat we should do this.
But in the larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here hav consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dediczated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: That from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. [36]
November 19, 1863: The Governor of Pennsylvania, Andrew Gregg Curtin, reminded Lincoln that political sentiments were turning against him and the war effort. Therefore, in the fall of 1863, Lincoln's principal aim was to sustain public support for the war effort. This goal became the focus of his address at the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery on November 19.
The Gettysburg Address, one of the most quoted speeches in United States history,[153] was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, four and a half months after the Union Army there defeated the Confederates in a casualty ridden battle. The President's carefully crafted address was far shorter than other speeches that day. In just over two minutes and 272 words, his message was 1) a defense of his administration, 2) an explanation why the war with all its horrors had to continue and 3) a pledge that because of these exertions "...government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."[154]
It was only after Gettysburg that Lincoln finally began to understand that his wishes as to the movement of Union troops would most effectively be carried out by using his War Secretary or his general-in-chief (Halleck) to relay them to his generals, who resented "civilian" interference with their plans. Even so, he still often felt compelled to give detailed directions as Commander in Chief. [155]
Grant
Meade's failure to capture Lee's army immediately as it retreated from Gettysburg and the continued passivity of the Army of the Potomac persuaded Lincoln that a change in command was needed. Lincoln was much impressed by the successes of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in the west, which made him a strong candidate to head the Union Army. Responding to criticism of Grant after the 1862 battle of Shiloh, Lincoln had said, "I can't spare this man. He fights."[156] With Grant, Lincoln felt the Union Army could relentlessly pursue a series of coordinated offensives in multiple theaters, and have a top commander who agreed on the use of black troops.[157]
Nevertheless, he had some reservation that Grant might be considering a candidacy for President, as McCllellan then was. Lincoln arranged for an intermediary to make inquiry into Grant's political intentions, and finding none at that time, decided to promote Grant to command of the Union Army. He obtained Congress' consent to reinstate for Grant the full rank of Lt. General, last held by George Washington.[158]
Grant waged his bloody Overland Campaign in 1864. This is often characterized as a war of attrition, given high Union losses at battles such as the Wilderness and Cold Harbor. However, even though they had the advantage of fighting on the defensive, the Confederate forces had "almost as high a percentage of casualties as the Union forces." [159] The high Union casualty figures alarmed the North, and, after Grant lost a third of his army, Lincoln asked what Grant's plans were. "I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer," replied Grant.[160]
The Confederacy was out of replacements, so Lee's army shrank with every battle, forcing it back to trenches outside Petersburg, where Grant began a siege. Lincoln then made an extended visit to Grant's headquarters at City Point, Virginia. This allowed the president to confer in person with Grant and Sherman about the hostilities (as Sherman coincidentally managed a hasty visit to Grant from his forces in North Carolina at the same time).[161] Lincoln and the Republican party mobilized support throughout the North, backed Grant to the hilt, and replaced his losses.[162]
Lincoln authorized Grant to target the Confederate infrastructure – such as plantations, railroads, and bridges – hoping to destroy the South's morale and weaken its economic ability to continue fighting. Indeed, Grant's move to Petersburg resulted in the obstruction of three railroad between Richmond and the south. This strategy allowed Generals Sherman and Sheridan to destroy plantations and towns in the Shenandoah Valley, Georgia, and South Carolina. The damage caused by Sherman's March to the Sea through Georgia totaled more than $100 million by the general's own estimate.[163]
Jubal Anderson Early began a series of menacing assaults in the North which threatened the capitol. During his raid on Washington, D.C. in 1864, Lincoln was watching the combat from an exposed position; captain Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. shouted at him, "Get down, you damn fool, before you get shot!"[164] After repeated calls on Grant to defend Washington, Philip Sheridan was appointed and the threat from Early was dispatched.[165]
As Grant continued to wear down Lee's forces, efforts to discuss peace began. The Confederacy appointed its Vice President Stephens to lead a group to meet with lincoln and Seward and others at Hampton Roads. Lincoln refused to allow negotiation based on any assumption that the Confederacy was deemed an equal. Lincoln's objective was an agreement to end the fighting. The meetings produced no results.[166]
Sat. November 19, 1864
A nice day all quiet
(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary)[37]
November 19, 1864: HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-FOURTH IOWA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS,
CAMP RUSSELL, VA., November 19, 1864.
COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-fourth Regiment of Iowa Infantry Volunteers in the battle of Opequon, or Winchester, Va., September 19, 1864.
The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel J. Q. Wilds, but circumstances beyond his control prevented him from making an official report, prior to the batttle of Cedar Creek, at which place he was severely wounded, and has since died; for this reason I take the responsibility of making it myself. On the 18th of September, orders were issued from army headquarters, requiring all transportation to be sent to the rear, also all extra baggage, retaining only such articles as could not be dispensed with; these to be carried by the men, and officers' horses. Thus, stripped of everything that would encumber its movements, the Army of the Shenandoah retired to rest in camp near Berryville, Va., on the evening of the 18th, with orders to be in line of battle ready to move at 2 o'clock next morning. The Twenty-fourth Iowa belonged to the Fourth Brigade, Second Division, Detachment Nineteenth Army Corps. The brigade, consisting of the Eighth and Eighteenth Indiana Veteran Volunteers and the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-eighth Iowa, was commanded by Colonel D. Shunk of the Eighth Indiana, the division by Brigadier General C. Grover, the corps by Brevet Major General Emory. At 3 o'clock the advance sounded, and the Nineteenth Corps moved out on the Winchester Pike, halting about three miles west of Berryville, for the Sixth Corps, commanded by Major General Wright, to pass, as it was to have the advance. The Army of Western Virginia, under command of General Crook, moved by another road to the right. Shortly after sunrise, the Sixth Corps having passed, the Nineteenth Corps was put in motion. The Second Division, having the advance, arrived at Opequon Creek about 9 o'clock A. M., when heavy skirmishing and some cannonading was heard in the front, near Winchester. Here we received orders to push forward rapidly, as the cavalry and Sixth Corps were already engaged. When we had reached a point about three miles from Winchester, we turned to the right and moved in the direction of the Winchester and Martinsburg Pike about one mile, and formed line of battle on the right of the Sixth Corps. The Second Division was formed in two lines. The First and Third Brigades formed the first line, and the Second and Fourth Brigades the second. The Twenty-fourth Iowa was on the left center, the Twenty-eighth Iowa on the left, Eighth Indiana on the right, Eighteenth Indiana on the right center, the Fourth Brigade being on the extreme right. Soon after, the First Division, Nineteenth Corps, commanded by General Dwight, came up and formed in the rear as a reserve. In this position we remained until about 12 M., when the advance sounded and the whole line moved forward steadily. The front of the whole division was covered by a strip of woodland, near a third of a mile wide. Beyond this woodland was an open field about one-fourth of a mile wide, beyond which was woodland again. When the second line emerged into the open field, the first line was just entering the wood on the opposite side, having driven the enemy's skirmishers across the open field, and were driving the enemy. The enemy, discovering that our right flank was unprotected, threw a heavy column of infantry, with one battery of artillery, around on our right, nearly at right angles with our lines, and kept them concealed in a deep hollow. In consequence of a flank fire from this column, the first line gave back and passed through the second, when about half way across the field. This created some confusion, but the line was soon in good shape again, and moving forward steadily.
When within one hundred yards of the woods, the column that had been thrown around on our right opened out with musketry and canister shot, showering the iron hail along and almost parallel with our ranks, and mowing down our men by the score. As soon as the flank movement was discovered, the whole line was ordered to fall back to the woods, which was done in as good order as could be expected under the circumstances. The line was reformed and advanced about one-fourth of the way across the field and halted, holding the enemy at bay until some troops could be thrown around to our right, as the enemy's lines extended nearly half a mile to the right of ours. Up to this time the Twenty-fourth had had two officers mortally wounded, and two more severely; six enlisted men killed, and about thirty wounded. This line was held under a most destructive artillery fire from both the front and right flank for about two hours, when General Crook came up with the Army of Western Virginia and formed on the right, relieving the most of the Fourth Brigade. Captains Rigby, Smith and Martin, with Lieutenant Lucas, had been posted with their commands in a point of timber nearest the enemy, with orders to hold it at all hazards, and were not relieved. I had supplied them with ammunition, and when the fresh troops in making the final charge came up even with them, they moved forward with the line, which drove the enemy from every position taken until it became a perfect rout. In this last charge the Twenty-fourth lost a number of brave soldiers wounded, and one killed. After the Fourth Brigade was relieved (except as above mentioned) boxes were filled with ammunition, and it was moved to the extreme right in order to prevent any more flank movements of the enemy, but General Averill, coming in with his cavalry, rendered the movement entirely unnecessary. After the enemy was entirely routed and driven pell-mell from the field, the regiment was got together, and marched about two miles, and went into camp near Winchester, on the Front Royal Pike. Casualties during the day: Officers mortally wounded 2, severely, 4. Enlisted men killed, 9; wounded, 56; captured, 3. Total 74; a list of which is hereto appended. I cannot close this report without referring to Captain J. R. Gould, of Company D, and Lieutenant S. S. Dillman, of Company E, both having been mortally wounded while leading their men on in the hottest of the battle. Both were brave almost to rashness. In them the Twenty-fourth Iowa lost two valuable officers and society two valuable men.
I have the honor to be, most respectfully,
Your Obedient Servant,
ED WRIGHT,
Lieutenant Colonel Twenty-fourth Regiment Iowa Infantry Volunteers.
COL. N. B. BAKER, Adjutant General of Iowa.
It will be seen from the foregoing report that the Twenty-fourth Iowa had, in its first battle in the east, gloriously maintained its previous proud record, and had upheld the honor of its State while fighting beside the trained veterans of the Army of the Potomac.
On the night of September 19 the regiment went into camp near Winchester. The next morning it marched towards Cedar Creek, and in the evening found the enemy strongly intrenched at Fisher's Hill. The Twenty-fourth Iowa actively participated in the movements which followed and which culminated in the battle of Fisher's Hill, in which, and in the pursuit which followed, the regiment participated, but fortunately — owing to the positions to which its brigade was assigned — it had but one officer and four men wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Wright, in his official report [see note 11], describes minutely the part taken by his regiment in the battle of Fisher's Hill, and highly commends the officers and men for their prompt obedience to orders and the gallant manner in which they conducted themselves during the battle and the subsequent pursuit of the enemy. The rebel General Early and his army had again been defeated and compelled to retreat up the Shenandoah valley.
In all the operations of its brigade and division; from the 23d of September (September 23)until the 19th of October, (October 19) upon which latter date the Twenty-fourth Iowa fought its last battle, the regiment performed its full share of duty and always acquitted itself with honor. Although it remained in the service for nearly six months after the battle of Cedar Creek, the remainder of its history, while characterized by the same faithful devotion to duty, was not marked by further severe conflict with the enemy. The compiler deems it most fitting, therefore, that the conduct of the regiment in the memorable battle of Cedar Creek, as portrayed in the official report of its gallant commander, should occupy the greater portion of the space left at his disposal for this historical sketch. In this, one of the most remarkable battles of the great War of the Rebellion, the Twenty-fourth Iowa suffered heavy loss, and ended its battle history by as splendid and heroic fighting as was ever exhibited upon any battlefield. The official report is here given in full [see note 12]:
HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-FOURTH IOWA INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS,
CAMP RUSSELL, VA., November 19, 1864.
COLONEL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-fourth Regiment Iowa Infantry Volunteers in the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., on the 19th of October (October 19), 1864. The regiment belonged to the Fourth Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Army Corps; Brevet Major General Emory commanding corps, Brigadier General Grover commanding division, and Colonel Shunk. Eighth Indiana Veteran Volunteers, commanding brigade. The brigade occupied the left of the second line, which was about two hundred paces in rear of the line of works occupied by the first line. The left of the brigade rested about two hundred yards to the right of the pike leading from Winchester to Stanton. The works in our front were occupied by the Third Brigade, Second Division Nineteenth Army Corps, with Battery D, First Rhode Island Artillery, near the pike on the left The regiment occupied the right center of the brigade, with the Twenty-eighth Iowa on the left. The Eighth Corps, under command of Major General Crook, was posted on the left of the pike, and about three hundred paces to the front. The Sixth Corps was on the right of the Nineteenth, with its right thrown back toward Middletown, about one mile. Our teams parked about one mile in the, rear. The enemy was in camp at Fisher's Hill, some four miles to the front. In this position we rested on the evening of the 18th, not even suspecting our danger, or the Yankee trick that Early was going to play on us the next morning.
Soon after retiring to bed, Colonel Wilds, then in command of the regiment, received orders to have the men under arms at precisely 5 o'clock next morning, as the first line was to make a reconnaissance to the front, and the Fourth Brigade was to move up to the works as soon as vacated. In obedience to this order, at 5 o'clock the regiment was in line of battle, and ready to move to the works. Having reason to believe that the reconnaissance would not last more than one or two hours, as the order was not to bring on an engagement, everything except arms and accouterments were left in tents. At ten minutes past 5 o'clock, firing commenced on the picket line of the Eighth Corps. Supposing it to be only a reconnaissance by the enemy, it created but little alarm. In a few minutes heavy firing commenced on the left and front of the Eighth Corps. It was not yet daylight, and a dense fog, which had settled to the ground, rendered it almost impossible to distinguish objects at any distance. Soon after the firing commenced on the left, the brigade was ordered to move by the left flank, until the left of the Twenty-fourth Iowa rested on the pike. Colonel Wilds ordered me to ride to the left of the regiment, and to lead it to the place indicated, but, before reaching the pike, I was ordered to halt and take position, as we were already receiving the enemy's fire. The regiment was halted, and the right thrown forward so as to form a line across the crest of the hill, at an angle of forty-five degrees with the pike, the right of the brigade, Eighteenth Indiana Veteran Volunteers, supporting the battery on the left of the first line. The fog was so dense that it was impossible to tell what was in front of us, and, as the Eighth Corps was falling back at the time, our fire was reserved until the enemy had pressed his columns close up to and charged the battery on the right, one piece of which was captured. We held the position, however, until Colonel Shunk, discovering that the enemy had thrown a column across the pike on our left, ordered the brigade to fall back about five hundred yards, and take position parallel to and facing the pike. This was done in good order, and the position taken and held, until it became necessary, in the opinion of General Grover, to fall back, in order to prevent being cut off entirely. (Up to this time the regiment had lost six men killed and about forty wounded.) The order was given to fall back as rapidly as possible in the direction of the camp of the Sixth Corps. The enemy came in heavy force on our left and captured four officers and about forty men. The brigade fell back about one mile and formed between the First Brigade, General Birge, and the Sixth Corps, which was on the left.
Previous to this time, Colonel Wilds had been wounded and carried from the field. I had also received a bruise on my hip from a piece of shell, and a wound from a musket ball in the left arm near the elbow, which sickened me so that I could not ride for near an hour, and the regiment was commanded by Captain L. Clark, during my absence. Soon after I returned to the regiment, which was then in the position above mentioned, the enemy made a flank movement to the left of the Sixth Corps, rendering it necessary for it to fall back, and we were ordered to retire by the right of regiments to the rear. We moved in this manner nearly three miles, halted, took position, procured ammunition and prepared to renew the battle. After we had rested about half an hour, Major General Sheridan came on the field, having been absent since the morning of the 18th. He ordered the Eighth Corps to take position on the left of the pike between Middletown and Newtown, the Sixth Corps the center, and the Nineteenth Corps the right. Sent two divisions of cavalry to the right, and one to the left. The Fourth Brigade was formed on the extreme left of the Nineteenth Corps, connecting with the right of the Sixth Corps, in this position the troops were ordered to rest, and throw up some temporary works.
About 12 o'clock I was ordered to move the Twenty-fourth Iowa to the extreme right of the Nineteenth Corps, and protect the flank. I immediately moved to the place indicated, took position and threw out a skirmish line. In this position I remained until 3 o'clock P. M., when I received orders to call in my skirmishers and take my place in the line, as it was going to advance. My skirmishers had just reported when the advance was sounded. In order to get my position in the line, I had to double quick about one mile, and, during the greater part of this distance, we had to pass through the fire of the enemy's guns, which overshot our advancing columns, the shells exploding in the rear. About 3 ½ o'clock, I got my place in the line, which steadily advanced, driving the enemy from every position taken until we reached the camp we left in the morning. Here we halted and made some coffee, (those of us who were fortunate enough to have any,) the first we had tasted since the evening of the 18th. We found one wounded officer there, who had hidden among the rocks during the day, and quite a number of our wounded men. Everything was taken from our camp, leaving the men and most of the officers without haversacks, blankets or shelter tents. At 8 o'clock P. M., the regiment moved forward, with the brigade, to a point near Strasburg, to protect the parties that were sent out to collect the property abandoned by the enemy in his hasty retreat. There we bivouacked for the night, without fires, the men suffering severely for want of blankets and proper clothing to protect them from the excessive cold. On the following morning (20th) the remainder of the Second Division came up, and we went into camp about one mile from Strasburg.
It would appear invidious to mention individual cases of gallantry during the day, when all, both men and officers, did their whole duty. I cannot close, however, without referring to the bravery of our lamented Colonel Wilds, who was wounded soon after daylight and died November 18th. In him we lost a noble, brave and efficient officer. Captain Knott and Lieutenant Kurtz were wounded and captured, but both were retaken in the evening. Captain Smith and Lieutenant Davis were captured in the morning about daylight. The loss of the regiment was: Killed; enlisted men 7. Wounded; officers 6, enlisted men 39. Captured; officers 2, enlisted men 39. Total casualties 93; a list of which is hereto annexed.
I have the honor to be, most respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
Ed Wright,
Lieutenant Colonel Twenty-fourth Regiment Iowa Infantry Volunteers.
N. B. Baker, Adjutant General State of Iowa.
During the remainder of the month of October the regiment participated in the various movements of its brigade and division in the Shenandoah Valley, but did not again come into contact with any considerable force of the enemy. In the early part of November the regiment was engaged in the duty of escorting supply trains for the army. On the 8th of November, 1864, the officers and men of the regiment recorded their choice for President of the United States, with the following result: Whole number of votes cast, 303, of which Abraham Lincoln received 285 and George B. McClellan 18. On November 10th the regiment arrived at Camp Russell, where the army of the Shenandoah was encamped, and during the remainder of the month was engaged in the erection of fortifications and building cabins for winter quarters. In December the winter quarters were completed, and the regiment was engaged in the performance of picket and escort duty until the close of the month. On December 30th the regiment was assigned to the post at Winchester, Va. On the 6th of January, 1865, the Twenty-fourth Iowa left Winchester and proceeded by rail to Baltimore, thence by steamship to Savannah, Ga., where it went into camp and remained for two months. It then moved to Morehead City, N. C, and, from that point, to Goldsboro and Raleigh, escorting transportation trains. After the surrender of the rebel General Johnston's army, it returned to Savannah, moved thence to Augusta, Ga., with the Twenty-second and Twenty-eighth Iowa, crossed the river at Augusta and went into camp near the town of Hamburg, S. C, where it remained until the 6th of June, when, with the other Iowa regiments, it was ordered to return to Savannah. Its last long march was completed on June 20th. The regiment then went into camp at Savannah, where it remained until the 17th day of July, 1865, on which date it was mustered out of the service of the United States. A few days later it was provided with transportation to Davenport, Iowa, and, upon its arrival there, was disbanded, and the survivors returned to their homes, there to resume and discharge the duties of citizens, with the same fidelity they had shown as soldiers, while engaged in the defense of their country against armed treason and rebellion. No Iowa regiment has a more distinguished record than the Twenty-fourth, and there were only a few others whose operations covered such a wide extent of territory. Everywhere, in camp or garrison, upon the march, in battle, and under all the vicissitudes of its long and arduous service, it maintained in the highest degree the honor of the flag and its State. The archives of the State of Iowa and of the War Department at Washington contain no more glorious record of valor and patriotic service than that of the Twenty-fourth Regiment of Iowa Infantry Volunteers.
SUMMARY OF CASUALTIES
Total Enrollment 1,204
Killed 71
Wounded 260
Died of wounds 55
Died of disease 201
Discharged for disease, wounds or other causes 235
Buried in National Cemeteries 117
Captured 76
Transferred 55[38][39]
[Note 1.] Report of Adjutant General of Iowa, 1863, Vol. 1, pages 8 and 11. Report of Adjutant General or Iowa, 1863, Vol. 1, pages 850 to 883; Original Roster of the Regiment.
[Note 2.] War of the Rebellion Official Records, Series 1, Part 1, Vol. 24, page 610. War of the Rebellion Official Records, Series 1, Part 1, Vol. 24, page 583. The tabulated statement shows the losses by regiments, as follows: Forty-seventh Indiana, killed 5, wounded 20, missing 1; Twenty-fourth Iowa, killed 1, wounded 5; Twenty-eighth Iowa, killed 3, wounded 14, missing 3; Fifty-sixth Ohio, killed 6, wounded 23, missing 7; Second Illinois Light Artillery, Battery A, killed 1. Total, 89.
[Note 3.] War of the Rebellion Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 24, Part 2, pages 40 to 47 inclusive.
[Note 4.] War of the Rebellion Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 24, Part 2, page 54.
[Note 5.] War of the Rebellion Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 24, Part 2, page 40.
[Note 6.] Which gave the name to the battlefield.
[Note 7.] War of the Rebellion Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 24, Part 2, page 8. Tabulated returns of casualties in battle of Champion's Hill.
[Note 8.] See Revised Roster of the Regiment, following this sketch.
[Note 9.] Report of Adjutant General of Iowa, 1865, Vol. 2, pages 1144 to 1162 inclusive.
[Note 10.] Report of Adjutant General of Iowa, 1865, Vol. 2, pages 1153, 4, 5.
[Note 11.] Report of Adjutant General of Iowa, 1865, Vol. 2, pages 1156, 7.
[Note 12.] Report of Adjutant General of Iowa, 1865, Vol. 2, pages 1157, 8, 9.
SOURCE: Roster & Record of Iowa Soldiers During the War of the Rebellion, Volume 3, p. 781-94
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November 19, 1865: More about Indiana Powell
Indiana married James E. Eason (b. November 19, 1865 / d. August 21, 1930 in GA) on July 25, 1886 in Carroll Co. GA.[40]
November 19, 1891: Henrietta Mildred Hodgson: 6th cousin, 4x removed of Gerol Lee Goodlove
Henrietta Mildred Hodgson
Born
(1805-01-06)January 6, 1805
Died
November 19, 1891(1891-11-19) (aged 86)
Nationality
British
Other names
Henrietta Mildred Smith (married name)
Known for
Great-great-grandmother of Elizabeth II
Spouse(s)
Oswald Smith
Parents
Robert Hodgson
Mary Tucker
Henrietta Mildred Hodgson (January 6, 1805 – November 19, 1891) was an English lady with both royal and presidential genealogical connections.
Through her Virginia ancestry, Queen Elizabeth II and her descendants are related to George Washington, the common ancestor of both being Augustine Warner, Jr.[41]
Henrietta Mildred Smith died November 19, 1891. At her death, her memorial in All Saints Church, Sanderstead, states:
Sacred
TO THE MEMORY OF
HENRIETTA MILDRED SMITH,
WIDOW OF OSWALD SMITH.
B. JANuary 6, 1805 D. NOVember 19, 1891
LEAVING AT HER DEATH
ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVEN
DIRECT SURVIVING DESCENDANTS.
'HER CHILDREN ARISE UP AND CALL HER BLESSED"
PROV. XXXV V. 28.'[42]
November 19, 1894: On Convoy 27 was Nicolas Gotlibs, born November 19, 1894, from Latvia, and Joseph Gottlieb, birth and place of residence unknown. (probably illegible.)
The list is on onionskin and is in deploable condition. Even with a magnifying glass the names cannot all be deciphered correctly. They are not in alphabetical order. The transport of September 2 is divided into six sublists, labeled as follows:
1. Unoccupied Zone 1--468 people. These are Jews who were undoubtedly arrested in the mass roundup in the unoccupied zone which took place on the night of August 26 (and into the morning of August 27). The roundup led to the arrest of 6,584 Jews (XXVI-58) who were surrendered to the occupying authorities. This list is composed of 17 sublists totaling 468 persons. Some of the lists comprise males only, but the majority had families. There were nmo children under 15. These lists were hastily prepared, and none contain the place of birth.
2. Unoccupied Zone 2, 28 people, including some intire families. The date and place of birth, abd ub nabt cases the nationality are missing.
3. Drancy 1—19 people, including families.
4. Drancy 2—
Stairway 8. 21 people, many of them teenagers and young children.
Stairway 9. 64 people, all adolescents and young children.
Stairway 10. 17 people.
5. Departments—75 people. Only family and indicated here. There are sublists from Dordogne (27), Correze (2), Creuse (3), Indre (2), and Haute-Vienne (41).
6. Last minute departures not yet listed—71 people. There were entire families. These people came from camps in both zones.
SS Ernst Heinrichsohn composed the usual telex to Berlin, Oranienburg and Auschwitz (XXVb-149) announcinbg the departure of convoy D 901/22. The telex, signed by Horst Ahnert, indicates that the departure took place at 8:55 AM on September 2 from the station at Le Bourget-Drancy, that the transport carried 1,000 Jews, and that it was escorted by Sergeant Weise.
The convoy arrived in Auschwitz on September 4. An undetermined number of males were selected before arrival (see Convoy 24.) Upon arrival, only 10 men were selected for work and received numbers 63055 through 63064. There were 113 women selected; they were given numbers 19003 through 19115. The rest were immediately gassed.
Some thirty men are known to have survived in 1945. This survival rate, high relative to the other convoys, is explained by the selections before arrival in Auschwitz.[43]
November 1903:
3253744672_280e1f8372 Abraham Lincon, 1846 or 1847[44]
November 1920:
"The Spaid Family in America", author Abraham
Thompson Secrest. Published privately November 1920, Columbus, Ohio.
November 1928: Mary Behner, a graduate of Wooster College in Ohio and daughter of a Presbyterian minister, began her home mission work in the coal camps along Scotts Run. Behner's work reflected the efforts within mainstream Protestant churches in the 1920s and 1930s to promote a more practical Christianity and some semblance of social justice. Behner joined the Student Volunteer Movement, a national network of young Christians, and contemplated a career as a foreign missionary when the opportunity arose to work in the northern West Virginia coalfields for the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.
A woman of seemingly boundless energy, Behner spent nine years on the Run. Much of her work focused on children, and she organized Sunday schools, vacation Bible schools, charm schools, nursery schools, scout troops, and Christian Endeavor societies. To expose the children to lifestyles and opportunities quite different from those on Scotts Run, she placed several with Morgantown families so they could attend the city's University High School. She also encouraged friends and associates in the many social and church-related organizations to which she belonged to donate their time and attention to her Scotts Run work.
Behner kept a remarkable record of her work in a series of diaries from 1928-29 and then from 1932 until she left Scotts Run in 1937. Her observations touched on every facet of life in the coal camps -- in wondering whom God would ultimately hold "responsible" for conditions there, Behner rebuked the coal industry, the operators, the churches, and the Scotts Run residents themselves. Sometimes compassionate, sometimes critical, often contradictory, her account of Depression-era West Virginia is invaluable. The following excerpts from her diaries reveal the devastation left by the boom-and-bust cycle of the coal industry and Behner's own missionary zeal to teach miners and their families "how to live."1
NOVember 19, 1928 Monday
New-rich experiences today. It rained all day. Bought a dollars worth of bus tickets and took my first trip all alone out to "Scotts' Run."
First I climbed the hill up to the Connellsville school houses. Got acquainted with the three teachers in charge of the three school rooms[.] The grades go only to the 5th in these three buildings[.] Miss [ ] has been there for 6 years so she knows the families in the district quite well - and I am sure will cooperate with me in every way possible. She even asked me if I would take the Parent Teacher's assn. program Dec 6th - Merely observed there. Then at noon time I went on out to Pursglove district - across the trcks. Walked in about a mile of mud and cinders to get to the three school rooms. (Each room is a separate building -)
Mr. Wilson - the teacher there, and supt - asked me if I wanted to talk to the children. I said yes - I'd tell them a story if he wanted me to. So I did. Asked them if they'd ever gone to S[unday]. S[chool]. About half of them had - but only a few were going to any S. S. at the present time and had to go a long distance.
I visited the 2 school rooms there (the 3rd room is not being used) then this Mr. Wilson took me up a mile to another school building and I got acquainted with Miss [ ] there[. . . .] She has grown up in that community and knows all the families . . . so she will be a splendid tool.
Then an idea struck me concerning how to make contacts with the children before the announcement of our S. S. (whenever it begins) I'm going out there every noon to direct recreation - games - etc before afternoon school begins. This way I'll make contacts daily with the children and they will know that I mean business. I believe this will be fine. And so did the teachers.
A drunk man came up towards me as I was waiting for the bus to come home. "Youve had a little too much" - I said - "Yes" - he said[.] "Do you think you're a respectable man"? "Yes - Im a respectable man," he said - "C'mere let me educate you." "You can't educate me," said I. Then I went on to say: "Do you work?" - "Yes[.]"
"Where do you work?" - "Digging coal" - said he - "I suppose you spend all your money on liquor" - said I. "Yes" he did - `Bout that time the bus came along. He wanted to get on the bus but the driver wouldn't let him. They are not allowed to carry drunk men.
So - there are all kinds of experiences ahead of me.[. . .]
The Civil Works Administration (CWA) was established in November 1933 to create jobs through public works projects. Over two thousand jobs were slated for Monongalia County, with wages ranging between 45 and $1.10 per hour. Intended mainly to see the unemployed through the winter of 1933-34, the CWA was discontinued in March 1934 and its projects reverted back to the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. See Earl L. Core, The Monongalia Story: A Bicentennial History, Vol. 5: Sophistication (Parsons: McClain Printing, 1984), 67, 74, 92.
11. As part of her report to the board on activities from 1928 to 1935, Behner included a statement on "Philosophies of My Work." She defended her decision to live in Morgantown because her mission work was "two-fold," including both Morgantown and Scotts Run: "[F]ully as much as Scott's Run needs the knowledge of Christ does Morgantown need the opportunity to serve in the name of Christ. By living in town, Behner believed she could cultivate the interest of local people to serve the tremendous needs in the coal camps. See Diaries, 25 June 1934.
Anna Santore was one of the many student volunteers from West Virginia University who were vital to the early success of The Shacks programs. Santore was later hired by the CWA and conducted adult education classes on Scotts Run.
12. In 1932, the AFSC established the Mountaineer Craftsman's Cooperative Association in Morgantown to employ former miners. The association's handcrafted "mountaineer furniture" was renowned for its fine quality. See Marvin R. Weisbord, "Once a Miner, Always a Miner," in Some Form of Peace: True Stories of the American Friends Service Committee at Home and Abroad (New York: Viking Press, 1968), 83-102. [45]
November 1932: Chafing under an average $2.65 on each $100.00 assessed property value, the voters approved the measure by a large majority. (November 1932)
5. Since maximum levies permitted school districts to meet fixed debts (teacher salaries, maintenance) was barely sufficient, it was assumed that all levies for these fixed costs were additional to those of the tax limitation-- Court ruled otherwise.
6. Since the Court said that all levies by the school district (fixed debt or otherwise) fell under the limitation, the legislature had to find a way out of this crisis.
November 1932: German military administration regulations define a Jew as any person who now or ever has professed the Jewish religion or who has more than two Jewish grandparents. The regulations order a census of Jews in the Ocdcupied Zone, the stamping of the words “Juif” or “Juive” on their identity cards, and the posting of placards identifying Jewish owned shops and businesses. (The stamping of the word “Jew” on identity cards was not imposed in the Unoccupied Zone until after the Germans occupied all of France in November 1942.[46]
November 1941: Jean Gottleib born November 28, 1880 in Gro?, Mesertsch.
Resided Hamburg. Deportation: from Hamburg, November 1941, Minsk. Missing. [47]
November 1941: There had been increasingly ominous signs that war with Japan was imminent. [48]
Midway Atoll, looking west, November 1941. Eastern Island is in the foreground, Sand Island is behind.[49]
November 1941: there was established a ghetto for Jews in the Czech lands, from Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Denmark, Slovakia and other occupied countries. Přímo v Terezíně zahynulo přes 30 tisíc vězňů, dalších téměr 90 tisíc bylo odtud posláno do vyhlazovacích táborů na východě. Directly in the Terezin killed more than 30,000 prisoners, almost another 90,000 were sent from there to the extermination camps in the East.
November 19, 1941
The British 7th Armoured Division suffers heavy casualties during an attack by the German 21st Panzer Brigade in North Africa.[50]
November 1942:
"In November 1942 the medical directors of all Bavarian psychiatric hospitals were summonded, by secret letter, to the Health Department of the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior in Munich. The meeting was immediately declared secret. The directors had to justify the number of deaths in their institutions, which had risen in number due to starvation and tuberculosis. Despite this, the chairman explained that far too few patients were dying, and that it was not necessary to treat arising illnesses.
The director of the Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Kaufbeuren gave a short explanation of his personal procedure. Initially, he had been opposed to euthanasia, but when he learnt of the official statistics, he regretted that euthanasia had been stopped. He now gave patients in his institution, that would have formerly come within the euthanasia programme, a completely fat-free diet; he especially stressed fat-free. The patients died of famine edema within three months. He recommended this procedure to all institutions as being what was called for.
The chairman accepted this recommendation, and gave the immediate order that this "starvation diet" be put into practice in all institutions. There was to be no written order, but it would be checked whether the order had been followed or not." The starvation diet was introduced in many hospitals, first in Bavaria, and later nationwide.
Around 90,000 people died either directly as a result of the starvation diet, or indirectly from a starvation induced illness, mainly tuberculosis. [51]
November 1942: The American Mercury and the Reader’s Digest were alone among mass-circulation magazines in bringing the extermination issue to public attention in the weeks following the revelations of late November 1942. Except for a few inconspicuous words on the UN declaration, such news magazines as Time, Life, and Newsweek over looked the systematic murder of millions of helpless Jews.
November 19, 1942: Soviet forces begin a counterattack near Stalingrad.[52]
November 19, 1943: Back in waters by mid-November, Enterprise joined in providing close air support to the 27th Infantry Division landing on Makin Atoll, from November 19-21 1943.[53] Returning to action November 19, off the Gilbert Islands, Enterprise would not return to the United States for another 560 days. In that time, she and the armada which surrounded her would carry the war to the very shores of Japan.[54]
Uncle Howard Snell would transfer from the Enterprise to the Morrison in December 1943.
November 19, 1943: The Sonderkommando 1005 prisoners in the Janowska camp revolt. Several dozen escape and the rest are killed.[55]
November 1944:
November 19, 1951:
Lady Constance Bowes-Lyon
1865
November 19, 1951
Robert Francis Leslie Blackburn (d 1944)
Phyllis Frances Agnes Blackburn (b 1894)
Leslie Herbert Blackburn (b 1901)
Hilda Constance Helen Blackburn (b 1902)
Claudia Blackburn (1908–2001)
[57]
November 19, 1954: The United States Postal Service honored Lincoln with a Liberty Issue 4¢ postage stamp on November 19, 1954, and a Prominent Americans series (1965–1978) 4¢ postage stamp.[58]
November 1956: In 1956, French Prime Minister Guy Mollet and British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor of the European Union.[72] In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.[73]
The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, as a result of which the Queen appointed their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.[74]
The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited,[75] Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch".[76] Altrincham was denounced by public figures and physically attacked by a member of the public appalled at his comments.[77] Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed.[78] The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister.[78] In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.[79]
In 1957, she made a state visit to the United States, where she addressed the United Nations General Assembly on behalf of the Commonwealth. On the same tour, she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament, becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session.[80] Two years later, solely in her capacity as Queen of Canada, she revisited the United States and toured Canada,[80][81] despite learning upon landing at St. John's, Newfoundland, that she was pregnant with her third child.[82] In 1961, she toured Cyprus, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Iran.[83] On a visit to Ghana the same year, she dismissed fears for her safety, even though her host, President Kwame Nkrumah, who had replaced her as head of state, was a target for assassins.[84] Harold Macmillan wrote, "The Queen has been absolutely determined all through ... She is impatient of the attitude towards her to treat her as ... a film star ... She has indeed 'the heart and stomach of a man' ... She loves her duty and means to be a Queen."[84] Before her tour through parts of Quebec in 1964, the press reported that extremists within the Quebec separatist movement were plotting Elizabeth's assassination.[85][86][87] No attempt was made, but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal; the Queen's "calmness and courage in the face of the violence" was noted.[88]
%2C%2BU.S.%2BPresident%2BRichard%2BNixon%2Band%2BFirst%2BLady%2BPat%2BNixon%2C%2B1970.jpg)
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
The Queen with Prime Minister Edward Heath (left), U.S. President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon, 1970
Elizabeth's pregnancies with Princes Andrew and Edward, in 1959 and 1963, mark the only times she has not performed the State Opening of the British parliament during her reign.[89] In addition to performing traditional ceremonies, she also instituted new practices. Her first royal walkabout, meeting ordinary members of the public, took place during a tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1970.[90]
The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonisation of Africa and the Caribbean. Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith, in opposition to moves toward majority rule, declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing "loyalty and devotion" to Elizabeth. Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade.[91][59]
November 1961: Successors to the "Big E"[edit]
In November 1961, her name was revived with the commissioning of USS Enterprise (CVA(N)-65), the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. Also nicknamed the "Big E", various artifacts and mementos were kept aboard from the first carrier to bear the name. The port holes in the captain's in-port cabin and conference room are only one example.[60]
November 19, 1966: Hallie Lynn Brown b August 2, 1890 at Valley Junction (West Des Moines, Ia.) d at Los Angeles, Calif, in early 1960's md ca 1920 at Los Angeles, Marion E. Woods b St. Johnsbury, Vt. d November 19, 1966 at Torrance, Calif. Both are buried at Gardena, Calif. [61]
November 19, 1983: James Henry Nix14 [Marion F. Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. April 14, 1887 / d. September 9, 1970) married Mammie Unk. (b. August 14, 1902 / d. November 19, 1983). He married Josephine Best (b. Unk. / d. February 26, 1929),
November 1999: A referendum in Australia on the future of the Australian monarchy favoured its retention in preference to an indirectly elected head of state.[182] Polls in Britain in 2006 and 2007 revealed strong support for Elizabeth,[183] and referenda in Tuvalu in 2008 and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 2009 both rejected proposals to become republics.[184][62]
Finances
View of Sandingham House from the south bank of the Upper Lake
Sandringham House, Elizabeth's private residence in Sandringham, Norfolk
Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years. Forbes magazine estimated her net worth at around US$450 million in 2010,[185] but official Buckingham Palace statements in 1993 called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated".[186] Jock Colville, who was her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth in 1971 at £2 million (the equivalent of about £21 million today[187]).[188][189] The Royal Collection (which includes artworks and the Crown Jewels) is not owned by the Queen personally and is held in trust,[190] as are the occupied palaces, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle,[191] and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2011 at £383 million.[192] Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen.[191] The British Crown Estate—with holdings of £7.3 billion in 2011[193]—is held in trust for the nation and cannot be sold or owned by Elizabeth in a private capacity.[194]
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Capital letter E surmounted by a crown and surrounded by a wreath of Tudor roses, in gold on a blue background
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Personal Flag of Queen Elizabeth II
Titles and styles
Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. Officially, she has a distinct title in each of her realms: Queen of Jamaica in Jamaica, Queen of Australia in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. When in conversation with the Queen, the practice is to initially address her as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma'am.[195][63]
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[1] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[2] f See letter from Marj to Mendoça, of Wednesday, the 2Zrd
November, in which she says that the sentence had been announced
to lier on the Saturday preceding, — that is to say, the 19th ; and
in the State Paper Office (Mary Queen of Scots, vol. xx.) the
letter from Paulet to Walsingham, of 21st November, in which he
mentions that Lord Buckhurst had left Fotheringay that same
morning.
[3] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark
[5]
[6] Wikipedia
[7] (Maryland State Archives, St. John's Parish Records, Microfilm Roll M 229. Page 331.)
[8] (http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html)
[9] EHB)Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia (Extracted from the Original Court Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800), Chalkley, 1912, Volume I, page 176:http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/ifetch2?/u1/textindices/C/CUTLIP+1998+1837576+F
[10] William Crawford is listed as serving in the 5th Virginia and later in 1776 in the 7th. In Harlem Heights, the Americans formed a stronghold and Gen. Howe moved up the Sound to gain another rear onslaught. From here, Washinton moved his army to a camp at North Castle. Howe, fearing the worst, ordered the Hessians to take Fort Washinton, which they did at a tremendous cost to the American army.
(From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969 pg. 142.)
[11] The grievous loss of men and supplies at Fort Washington must be laid at the Commander in Chief’s door. Washington had believed this last American stronghold on Manhattan should be abandoned; General Nathanael Greene, who was in command of the fort, wanted to defend it. Washington, as he so often did, yielded. His reluctance to impose his decisions was a flaw in leadership; it would disappear only as he came to recognize that since his was the ultimate responsibility, his must also be the final decision. Troubles multiplied. Reporting to the president of Congress on the situation in New Jersey, Washington had not finished his letter before he was forced to tell of a fresh disaster.
[12] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[14] http://jerseyman-historynowandthen.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.html
[15] The Battle for Fort Mercer: The Americans Abandon the Fort and the Crown’s Forces March In
Text below extracted from A Hessian Diary of the American Revolution, Döhla, 1990:56, 59-61.
[16] AN ORDERLY BOOK OF MCINTOSH's EXPEDITION, 1778 11Robert McCready's Journal
[17] AN ORDERLY BOOK OF MCINTOSH's EXPEDITION, 1778 11Robert McCready's Journal
[18] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[19] by Thos. Kitchin, Hydrographer to His Majesty, from A Philosphical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, by Abbe Raynal, Dublin, 1779 per page 590 of Phillips.
[20] HISTORY OF HARDIN COUNTY. – 243
1. [21] ^ James S. Olsen, ed. (1991). Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism. Greenwood Press. pp. 332. ISBN 0-313-26257-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&dq=isbn=0313262578. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
2. ^ 8 Stat. 116
3. ^ Jean Edward Smith, John Marshall: Definer of a Nation (1998) p. 177
4. ^ Todd Estes, The Jay Treaty Debate, Public Opinion, and the Evolution of Early American Political Culture (2006) p. 15
5. ^ Marshall Smelser, The Democratic Republic: 1801–1815 (1968) pp. 139, 145, 155–56.
6. ^ George C. Herring, From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776 (2008) p. 80
7. ^ Gouverneur Morris quoted in Perkins (1955) p. 22; the British foreign minister felt, "this Country is anxious to keep the Americans in good humour." ibid.
8. ^ Wayne S. Cole, An Interpretive History of American Foreign Relations, (1974) p. 55.
9. ^ The Treaty also allowed people to pass freely across the US-Canadian border to carry on trade and commerce.
10. ^ INA, Cornell.
11. ^ "First Nations and Native Americans". United States Embassy, Consular Services Canada. http://www.consular.canada.usembassy.gov/first_nations_canada.asp. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
12. ^ Karl S. Hele, Lines Drawn upon the Water: First Nations and the Great Lakes Borders and Borderlands (2008) p. 127
13. ^ Varg, 1963 p. 95.
14. ^ William Weeks, Building the Continental Empire, p. 23.
15. ^ Elkins and McKitrick, p. 405.
16. ^ William Nisbet Chambers. Political Parties in a New Nation: The American Experience, 1776–1809 (1963), p. 80.
17. ^ Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy (2006) 67–68.
18. ^ Estes 2001.
19. ^ Estes pp. 398–99.
20. ^ "Jay’s Treaty", American Foreign Relations.
21. ^ Rakove, pp 355-365
22. ^ Elkins and McKitrick
23. ^ Elkins and McKitrick, p. 410.
24. ^ "Soft" means matters important in principle or symbolism; "hard" meant matters of immediate material importance
25. ^ Elkins and McKitrick, p. 412.
26. ^ Marshall Smelser, The Democratic Republic, 1801–1815 (1968).
27. ^ Perkins p. vii
28. ^ Perkins p. 1.
29. ^ Perkins: The First Rapprochement p. 3.
30. ^ Perkins, Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations I: The Creation of a Republican Empire,(1995) pp. 99, 100, 124.
31. ^ Elkins and McKitrick, pp. 396–402.
32. ^ George Herring, From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776 (2008) p 73, 78
33. ^ Joseph Ellis, Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation (2000) pp. 136–7.
[edit] References
•Bemis, Samuel Flagg. Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy (1923) remains the standard narrative of how treaty was written
•Charles, Joseph. "The Jay Treaty: The Origins of the American Party System," in William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 12, No. 4. (Oct., 1955), pp. 581–630. in JSTOR
•Combs, Jerald. A. The Jay Treaty: Political Background of Founding Fathers (1970) (ISBN 0-520-01573-8) Focusing on the domestic and ideological aspects, Combs dislikes Hamilton's quest for national power and a "heroic state" dominating the Western Hemisphere, but concludes the Federalists "followed the proper policy" because the treaty preserved peace with Britain.
•Elkins, Stanley M. and Eric McKitrick, The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788–1800. (1994), ch. 9
•Estes, Todd, "The Art of Presidential Leadership: George Washington and the Jay Treaty," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 2001, vol 109, no. 2 pp 127-58 in JSTOR
•Estes, Todd, "Shaping the Politics of Public Opinion: Federalists and the Jay Treaty Debate." Journal of the Early Republic (2000) 20(3): 393-422. ISSN in JSTOR
•Estes, Todd. The Jay Treaty Debate, Public Opinion, And the Evolution of Early American Political Culture (2006)
•Farrell, James M. "Fisher Ames and Political Judgment: Reason, Passion, and Vehement Style in the Jay Treaty Speech," Quarterly Journal of Speech 1990 76(4): 415-434.
•Fewster, Joseph M. "The Jay Treaty and British Ship Seizures: the Martinique Cases." William and Mary Quarterly 1988 45(3): 426-452. in JSTOR
•Perkins, Bradford. The First Rapprochement: England and the United States, 1795–1805 1955.
•Perkins, Bradford. "Lord Hawkesbury and the Jay-Grenville Negotiations," The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 40, No. 2. (Sep., 1953), pp. 291–304. in JSTOR
•Rakove, Jack N. Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 1997. ISBN 0-394-57858-9
•Varg, Paul A; Foreign Policies of the Founding Fathers. 1963.
[22] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Treaty
[23] (Source: D.A.R. Lineage Book, Vol. 49, page 59)
[24] http://www.thelincolnlog.org/Calendar.aspx?year=1832&month=6
[25] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_Great_Famine
[26] http://www.nndb.com/people/948/000068744/
[27] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000653
[28] Gettysburg: Speech, Military, 12/06/2008
[29] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[30] Gettysburg: Speech, Military, 12/06/2008
[31] The Real Abraham Lincoln 01/20/2009
[32] Wikipedia
[33] Civil War 2010 Calendar
[34] Gettysburg: Speech, Military, 12/06/2008
[35] Famous American Speeches by Orville V. Webster, III page 37
[36] Abraham Lincoln; Famous American Speeches by Orville V. Webster, III page 38-39.
[37] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary.
[38]
[39]
[40] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[41] Wikipedia
[42] wikipedia
[43] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 236.
[44] [Abraham Lincoln, Congressman-elect from Illinois. Three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front]
[Springfield, Ill., 1846 or 1847]
1 photograph : quarter plate daguerreotype ; plate 4 1/4 x 3 1/4 in.
Notes:
This daguerreotype is the earliest-known photograph of Abraham Lincoln, taken at age 37 when he was a frontier lawyer in Springfield and Congressman-elect from Illinois. (Source: Ostendorf, p. 4)
Attributed to Nicholas H. Shepherd, based on the recollections of Gibson W. Harris, a law student in Lincoln's office from 1845 to 1847. (Source: Gibson William Harris, "My Recollections of Abraham Lincoln," Women's Home Companion (November 1903), 9-11.) Robert Lincoln, son of the President, thought the photo was made in either St. Louis or Washington during his father's term in Congress.
Published in: Lincoln's photographs: a complete album / by Lloyd Ostendorf. Dayton, OH: Rockywood Press, 1998, p. 4-5.
Title devised by Library staff.
Gift; Mary Lincoln Isham; 1937.
Forms part of: Daguerreotype collection (Library of Congress).
Subjects:
Lincoln, Abraham--1809-1865.
Format: Portrait photographs--1840-1850.
Daguerreotypes--1840-1850.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Part Of: Daguerreotype collection (Library of Congress) (DLC) 95861318
Persistent URL: hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02439
Call Number: DAG no. 1224
Dean Stevens, Mr. Hepe, and 182 other people added this photo to their favorites.
[45] http://www.wvculture.org/hiStory/journal_wvh/wvh53-5.html
[46] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial, by Serge Klarsfeld, page 9.
[47] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[2] Memorial Book: Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National socialist Oppression in Germany, 1933-1945. Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).
[48] http://www.cv6.org/1941/btlord1/btlord1.htm
[49] [49] http://www.cv6.org/1942/midway/midway_3.htm
[50]On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[51] http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035/psychiatry.html
[52] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1774
[53] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)
[54] http://www.cv6.org/1943/1943.htm
[55] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1778.
[56] http://www.theussenterprise.com/battles.html
[57] Wikipedia
[58] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/d/u/n/Terence-L-Duniho/GENE6-0001.html
[59] wikipedia
[60] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)
[61] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[62] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[63] wikipedia
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