This Day in Goodlove History, November 28, 2014
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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Theodore Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! https://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004
Relatives Birthdays on November 28, 2014
Joni K. Beranek King
Elizabeth Brooke Smith
Richard M. Crawford
Frederick I. Douglas
Covert L. Goodlove
Alexander H. Jenkins
Clara M. LeClere Green
Clyde P. Manchester
Abraham MCKEE
JoAnn B. Naugle
Gladys I. Truax Purvis
November 28, 1533: At age 14, on November 28, 1533 the Duke married Mary, the only daughter of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk.[23] He was on excellent terms with his brother-in-law, the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. The marriage was never consummated[24] but Fitzroy left two illegitimate daughters.[25] [1][2]
Possible heir to the throne
At the time of Fitzroy's death an Act was going through Parliament which disinherited Henry's daughter Elizabeth as his heir and permitted the King to designate his successor, whether legitimate or not. There is no evidence that Henry intended to proclaim Richmond his heir, but in theory the Act would have permitted him to do so if he wished.[26]
November 28, 1570: Mary was removed to Sheffield castle, belonging to the Earl of Shrewsbury. In this place she remained longer than in any other during her tedious captivity in England. She resided in the castle fourteen years ; but, during that time, made frequent visits to Chatsworth, and sometimes to the baths of Buxton, and to Worksop.*[3]
Mary was then in very delicate health, and soon fell dangerously ill. The Bishop of Ross, hearing of it, obtained permission to go to Sheffield with two of the first physicians of London, who attended her
until her recovery.
In spite of her many sufferings, this unfortunate princess always maintained the same activity in her correspondence. Seeing, especially, that the last conferences had produced no change in her sad condition, and that all the promises of Elizabeth remained unperformed, she renewed her entreaties to the Catholic powers, and vehemently besought the Duke of Alva for that assistance which he had so often promised on the part of the King of Spain. [4]
November 28, 1558: The Parliament of Scotland, having approved the proceedings of its deputies, who had returned from France, registers and publishes all the acts necessary for the validity, in Scotland, of the marriage of their queen with the Dauphin of France. [5]
November 28, 1584: Nau, who had been some time in London, addresses to Elizabeth's ministers a memorial, containing the articles on which were to be based the negotiations with which he was charged by the Queen of Scots. [6]
The Earl of Shrewsbury being apprised, on his arrival at court, that fresh calumnies were again circulated regarding his intercourse with Mary, complained to Queen Elizabeth. Her majesty then ordered her privy council to summon before them the Countess of Shrewsbury and her two sons ; and all three were obliged to declare upon oath that the
rumours which had been spread as to the existence of a guilty intimacy between the Earl of Shrewsbury and the Queen of Scots were false and scandalous.^ [7]
November 28, 1570: Mary was removed to Sheffield castle, belonging to the Earl of Shrewsbury. In this place she remained longer than in any other during her tedious captivity in England. She resided in the castle fourteen years ; but, during that time, made frequent visits to Chatsworth, and sometimes to the baths of Buxton, and to Worksop.*[8]
Mary was then in very delicate health, and soon fell dangerously ill. The Bishop of Ross, hearing of it, obtained permission to go to Sheffield with two of the first physicians of London, who attended her until her recovery.
In spite of her many sufferings, this unfortunate princess always maintained the same activity in her correspondence. Seeing, especially, that the last conferences had produced no change in her sad condition, and that all the promises of Elizabeth remained unperformed, she renewed her entreaties to the Catholic powers, and vehemently besought the Duke of Alva for that assistance which he had so often promised on the part of the King of Spain. [9]
November 28, 1584: Nau, who had been some time in London, addresses to Elizabeth's ministers a memorial, containing the articles on which were to be based the negotiations with which he was charged by the Queen of Scots. [10]
The Earl of Shrewsbury being apprised, on his arrival at court, that fresh calumnies were again circulated regarding his intercourse with Mary, complained to Queen Elizabeth. Her majesty then ordered her privy council to summon before them the Countess of Shrewsbury and her two sons ; and all three were obliged to declare upon oath that the
rumours which had been spread as to the existence of a guilty intimacy between the Earl of Shrewsbury and the Queen of Scots were false and scandalous.^ [11]
November 28, 1586: M. de Bellièvre was at length admitted to an audience of Queen Elizabeth at Richmond. He then addressed to her the most energetic remonstrances, in the name of the King of France, against the sentence which condemned the Queen of Scots to death ; and forcibly represented to her all the reasons of justice and humanity which should prevent her from shedding the blood of a sovereign, her nearest relative. But, in spite of all his efforts, the Queen of England remained inflexible. f [12][13]
November 28, 1599: Thomas Smythe6 [John Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. 1599 / d. June 30, 1635) married Lady Barbara Sidney (b. November 28, 1599 / d. 1643), the daughter of Robert Sidney (Earl of Leicester) who is brother to Sir Philip Sidney and half-brother to Robert Dudley (Famous Earl of Leicester), on or about 1621.
More about Thomas Smythe:
Became Lord Visct. Strangford of Ireland in 1628.
The peerage title Viscount Strangford was created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1628 for Sir Thomas Smythe. In 1825 the sixth viscount was created Baron Penshurst in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, enabling him to sit in the House of Lords. These titles became extinct in 1869 with the death of the eighth viscount. Now the Ranking system goes as follows: King/Queen, Duke/Dutches, Marquee, Earl, Viscount, and Baron. The Linage of Viscount Strangford’s is as follows:
Viscounts Strangford (1628)
Thomas Smythe, 1st Viscount Strangford (1599–1635)
Philip Smythe, 2nd Viscount Strangford (1634–1708)
Endymion Smythe, 3rd Viscount Strangford (d. 1724)
Philip Smythe, 4th Viscount Strangford (1715–1787)
Lionel Smythe, 5th Viscount Strangford (1753–1801)
Percy Clinton Sydney Smythe, 6th Viscount Strangford (1780–1855)
George Augustus Frederick Percy Sydney Smythe, 7th Viscount Strangford (1818–1857)
Percy Ellen Algernon Frederick William Sydney Smythe, 8th Viscount Strangford (1825–1869) (titles extinct)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscount_Strangford "[14]
More about Barbara Sidney:
Barbara later remarried after Thomas' death, to Sir Thomas Culpepper (who was one of the Governors of Virginia) some time before 1637. Sir Thomas Culpepper of Place House died April 11, 1643.
November 28, 1678: Owing to her devotion to the Roman Catholic beliefs in which she had been raised, Catherine was an unpopular consort for Charles II.[1] She was the special object of attack by the inventors of the Popish Plot. In 1678 the murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey was ascribed to her servants, and Titus Oates accused her of a design to poison the king. These charges, of which the absurdity was soon shown by cross-examination, nevertheless placed the queen for some time in great danger. On November 28, Oates accused her of high treason, and the Commons passed an address for her removal and that of all the Roman Catholics from Whitehall.
November 28, 1706: Sophia Dorothea married her cousin, Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia, heir apparent to the Prussian throne, on November 28, 1706. They had met as children under the care of their grandmother, Sophia of Hanover, and had disliked each other ever since. Sophia Dorothea differed from her husband in every aspect and the marriage suffered as a result. One of the most important differences between them was that Sophia Dorothea, unlike her husband, loved entertainment.[3] Frederick William contemplated to divorce her the same year they married, and judging by the letters of Sophia Dorothea, he accused her of not wanting to be married to him.[4]
Queen in Prussia
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf17/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover in center during the visit of the king of Poland to Berlin.
Her husband ascended the throne in 1713 and Sophia Dorothea became queen. She was nicknamed "Olympia" for her regal bearing. The queen and her children were terrorized and beaten by Frederick William, who may have suffered from porphyria.[5][6][7]
Frederick William disliked Sophia Dorothea's early ambition to have Frederick marry Princess Amelia of Great Britain and Wilhelmine marry Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales. He also accused her of having damaged his relationship to their children, and therefore banned them from seeing her without his presence. This order the children did not respect, but met her in secret, which on at least one occasion caused Frederick and Wilhelmine to have to hide in the furniture in her rooms when Frederick William came to her room unexpectedly when they were there.[8] She had a good relationship with her son, Frederick, later known as "Frederick the Great", who was very attached to her and deeply mourned her death. She spent many days talking to him in the library and was informed of his plans to escape from his father's custody in 1728. After he withdrew from the Prussian court, she corresponded with him from the fortress of Küstrin.
Sophia Dorothea was interested in art, science, literature and fashion. She was not described as a beauty, and she was scarred from smallpox. Nonetheless, she kept an attractive figure in spite of her many pregnancies. She was regarded as proud and ambitious, but her spouse refused to allow her any influence, as it was his belief that women should be kept only for breeding as they would otherwise dominate their husbands. It was the opinion of her daughter Wilhelmine that her father treated her mother unjustly. Frederick William disliked the interests of Sophia Dorothea, which he regarded to be frivolous, such as her interest in theater and gambling, and he also disliked what he regarded to be a life she lived independently from his authority. Her interest in gambling was particularly disliked by him, and it is reported that she and her partners had coffee beans ready on the table during gambling, so that if the king was to appear, they could pretend to be playing about them rather than money.[9] His manner toward her was described as rough, and he is noted to have used uncivil language toward her. His usual bad manners toward her were so noted that the opposite was seen as a surprise. In 1726 Sophia Dorothea inherited a sum of three million from her mother, and Frederick William was noted to suddenly treat her very well. This was regarded to be very unusual, and the Imperial ambassador reported that his changed behavior was merely because he wanted her money. When she never received it, because her brother refused to release the sum, Frederick William resumed his usual manner toward her.[10] [15]
November 28, 1751
On November 28, 1751, Andrew2 Harrison, Jr., of St. Thomas' Parish, Orange County, Virginia, planter, conveyed to his son, Lawrence3 Harrison, of the same County and Parish, planter, as a gift, 157 acres, being the land the said Lawrence3 Harrison now lives on, in the aforesaid Parish and County. [16]
As political jurisdictions evolved, Terry's Run fell within St. Thomas' Parish of Orange County. In 1751, Andrew2 Harrison, planter, wrote five deeds that are now recorded in series in Orange County Deed Book 12. Three of those deeds conveyed land to his sons, Lawrence3, Charles3, and John3. The other grantees in 1751, Samuel Kercheval and Richard Cousins, were also conveyed land within Andrew2 Harrison's plantation. It is the compiler's thought that Elizabeth3, wife of Richard Cousins, and Margaret3, wife of Samuel Kercheval, were daughters of Andrew2 Harrison.[17]
November 28, 1751
“On November 28, 1751, Andrew Harrison, of St. Thomas Parish, Orange County, Virginia, conveyed to his son Charles Harrison, of the same parish and county, land whereon the said Charles Harrison now lives, and adjoining Lawrence Harrison and Lott Warren, being a part a tract for 1000 acres granted to Andrew Harrison on September 28, 1728.” [18]
6 John Harrison (Andrew,’ Andrew 1), “on November 28, 1751,Andrew Harrison, ‘of St. Thomas’ Parish, Orange County, planter, conveyed by deed of gift to his son John Harrison, of the same parish and county, 100 acres on the branches of Ferry’s Run, in the same parish and county, which is part of a patent for 1000 acres granted to the said Andrew Harrison, September 28, 1728, adjoining land o~ Charles Harrison, Lott Warren, Richard’ Cousins.[19]
7. Lawrence Harrison’ (Andrew,2 Andrew 1), was residing in Orange County, Virginia, as late as 1754. On November 28, 1751, Andrew Harrison, Jr., of St. Thomas’ Parish, Orange County, Virginia, planter,~ conveyed to his son, ‘Lawrence Harrison, of the same County and Parish, planter, as a gift, 157 acres, being the land the said Lawrence Harrison now lives on, in the aforesaid Parish and County. The deed in connection with this conveyance is recorded in Deed~ Book 12, page 50, Orange County Records, and reads as follows:
DEED OF ANDREW HARRISON JR. TO SON LAWRENCE’ HARRISON
This Indenture made the twenty eighth day of November, in the XXV year of the reign of our sovereign Lord, George, the second, by the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King Defender of the faith &c and in the year of our Lord Christ, one thousand seven hundred and fifty one, Between Andrew Harrison of St. Thomas’s parish in Orange County, planter of the one part and Lawrence Harrison (his son) of the parish and County aforesaid planter of the other part, Now this Indenture Witnessed that the said Andrew Harrison for and in consideration of his Natural Love and fatherly affection unto (his son) of the said Lawrence Harrison hath given granted aliened and confirmed and by these presents doth Give grant, alien, release and confirm unto the said Lawrence Harrison his heirs and assigns forever all that tract -or dividend of Land containing one hundred and fifty seven acres.,[20]
//
The preceding accounts concerning the Smith, Battaile, and Harrison families, re based on a publication in the Son., of the Revolution in the State of Virginia, a Semi-Annual Magazine, written by the Reverend Clayton Torrence.
THE’ SMITH BATTAILE HARRISON FAMILIES
Andrew Harrison and Elizabeth his wife are to hold during their natural Lives all that part of the said Land aforementioned that is now in his fence together with the whole apple Orchard and after their decease to the said Lawrence Harrison his heirs and assigns forever) being the Land whereon the said
Lawrence Harrison now lives situate lying & being in the parish and County aforesaid on the south side of the Wysell Run and is part of a Greater tract of Land granted by patent to the said Andrew Harrison the XXVIlI day of
September, one thousand seven hundred and twenty-eight, for one thousand acres, and is Bounded as followeth, to-wit: Beginning at a Maple in John Hiot
line on the Wysel Run, thence East, sixty poles to two white oaks corner to John Hiot and Lawrence Battaile dec’d, thence South East, one hundred and eighty- two poles, to a red Oak corner to Lott Warrén, thence with Warren’s line north two degrees, east one hundred and forty poles, to three small red Oaks
another corner to the said Warren thence North, thirty nine degrees, west one hundred and forty two pó1s, to two white Oaks and Gum on the Wysel Run, thence down the said Run ~the several Courses to the beginning, together with all houses, buildings, Gardens, Orchards, woods, underwoods, ways, waters proflts, easements, and Hereditaments, to the said Lawrence Harrison belonging or in anywise Appurtaining. ‘To Have and to Hold- the said one hundred and fifty seven acres of Land (Except as is before Excepted) and other the hereby (Granted premises with their and every of their Appurtenance~ unto the said - Lawrence Harrison his heirs or assigns to the only proper use benefit and behoof
of him the said Lawrence Harrison his heirs and assigns forever, and the said Andrew Harrison for himself his heirs Executors, administrators and Assigns, doth covenant and agree to and with the said Lawrence Harrison his heirs or
assigns and every of them by these presents that he the, said Andrew Harrison hath not at any time heretofore made done or Committed any act mater or thing whatsoever whereby or wherewith the said lands and premises shall and may be Impeached or Incumbered in title Charge Estate of. other Ways. In Witness whereof the said Andrew Harrison hath hereunto set his hand and seal the day and year first above written.
Andrew Harrison (L. S.)
Signed Sealed and Delivered
In the Presence of us
November 28, 1751
At a Court held for Orange County on Thursday the 28th day of NG
-N (November 28)November 1751— - -
This Indenture between Andrew Harrison of the one part and
-. Lawrence Harrison of the other part was acknowledged by the said Andrew and ordered to be recorded.
Test—Geo. Tay1or, Cal. Cur.[21]
1752: Patrick Vance was born in 1752, the s/o Alexander Vance Sr. b. 1725, and Jane "Martin" Vance b. 1726 . [22]
1752: The New Gregorian Calendar was adopted by Great Britain and the colonies; it replaced the Old Julian Calendar. To bring the calendar in line with the solar year, it added 11 days and began the New Year in January rather than March. Historic dates such as 1751/52 (or earlier) denote 1751 by the Old Julian Calendar and 1752 by the New Gregorian Calendar. This accounts for numerous conflicts in dates, such as the question: Did George Washington start surveying in 1747 or in 48? Perhaps he started in 1747/48 – with each year determined depending on which calendar is referenced (i.e. Julian/Gregorian).[23]
Description: I-04b
1752/1755
Franz Gottlob born.
1744?/1752-55? born in Werneck, principality of Würzburg[24] (now in Bavaria).
Francis’ year of birth is problematical. Lyman Chalkley cites a deposition by Francis “Cutliff” who was 61 in late June 1805.[25] This translates as a birth year of 1743 or 1744 and is consistent with the age Francis reported in the 1830 census: at least 80, but under 90. Using this date of birth, Francis was about 91 when he died in 1835.[26]
In a letter to Annie Cline, Judge Jacob Didawick, a grandson of Francis, wrote that his grandfather was 84 when he died.[27] This translates as a birth year of 1750 or 1751, which is close to the birth year for Franz Gottlob estimated from HETRINA. HETRINA has three references to Franz. Two of those estimate his birth year as 1752-1753 and one 1754-1755.[28]
1752
George Rogers Clark, born. His youngest brother of 6, William, will lead the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition. [29]
1752: Originally ordered to commemorate the 50th year of Pennsylvania under Penn’s Charter of 1701, the bell was cast by Thomas Lister of London. Arriving here in 1752 with an inscription from the Old Testament:
“Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitiants thereof” The bell was to hang in the tower of the Pennsylvania State House, later known as Independence Hall. Cracked during testing, it was melted and recast by two Philadelphia foundrymen, Pass and Stow.[30]
Lewis Evans 1752 map showing 40th degree of latitude and "spring" at head of Potomac River,
landmarks which define the future Maryland-Pennsylvania-Virginia borders
Source: Library of Congress A map of Pensilvania, New-Jersey, New-York, and the three Delaware counties
In addition, the French did not accept Penn's western land claims. England and France had been rivals for settlement and the fur trade of North America since the start of the 17th Century. In 1748, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle settled one of the many French/English conflicts in Europe (the War of Austrian Succession, known in North America as King George's War). However, the negotiators failed to resolve the claims of Virginia to lands that the French also claimed in North America - North America was a sideshow then, not the main event.
Before and after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, French-English competition extended inland from the fishing fleets off Newfoundland to the Ohio River Valley. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle negotiators in Europe had even restored the fortress of Louisbourg (on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia) to France. The colonists had captured Louisbourg, with assistance from the British Royal Navy. This was a big deal in North America, because it gave the English control over the valuable fishing grounds offshore of Newfoundland.
(The return of the fortress of Louisbourg in exchange for territory captured by the French in India and Europe, and the failure to resolve French claims to the Ohio River Valley, made clear that officials in London considered the extent of the American colonies to be a subordinate boundary issue in international negotiations. After England finally sent troops to North America to fight the French and defend colonial land claims, London officials had the nerve to tell the colonists to pay extra taxes to finance the extra defense costs... leading to the American Revolution.)
In the 1740's, the French decided to link their outposts along the Great Lakes to their colonies at the mouth of the Mississippi River. European explorers were just beginning to penetrate the Shenandoah Valley. Captain Bienville de Celeron canoed from Montreal down the Ohio River in 1749, buring lead plates on the Ohio at various confluences with major creeks and shouting "Vive le Roi" to establish the claim of the King of France to the Ohio River watershed. Perhaps more importantly, de Celeron chased British traders away from Native American villages.4 [31]
November 28, 1753
Even Tanaghrisson and Scarouady were uncomfortably curious about Washington’s business. On the twenty-eighth of November, as Washingtonn recorded, they “begged, (as they had complied with his Honour the Governor’s Request, in providing Men, &c.) to know on what Business we were going to the French? this was a Question I all along expected, and provided as satisfactory Answers to, as I could, and which allayed their Curiosity a little.” But not much. Notably, Washington did not itemize just what he told those Indians. Washington’s recorded speech says only that he had been sent to “deliver a Letter to the French Commandant, of very great Importance to your Brothers the English, and I dare say, to you their Friends and Allies.” Tanaghrisson apparently wanted to know the letter’s contents. He would have been much interested in its first sentence’s declaration that “The lands upon the river Ohio, in the Western Parts of the Colony of Virginia are. notoriously known to be the property of the Crown of Great-Britain.”
It is to be feared that the future Father of his Country was no more candid with Indians than any other British colonial agent. The bullheaded French captain Mann had been far more straightforward. According to Tanaghrisson, Mann had told him bluntly, “Child, you talk foolish; you say this Land belongs to you, but there is not the Black of my Nail yours
…If People will be rul’d by me, they may expect Kindness, but not else.”47 Whatever else may be said about such bluster, it was plainer speaking than anything the Ohioans had yet encountered from the British. It is not argued here that the French were incapable of duplicity; rather, the distinctions at this time are to be explained by the circumstances. Mann had spoken with a great armament at his command; Edward Braddock would be similarly forthright when similarly situated. Washington was armed with a letter. Nonetheless, Washington knew when he set forth on his journey what he was to do, and he showed no qualms about doing it. All through his life—even after his marriage to rich widow Martha Custis made him reputedly one of the wealthiest men in Virginia—Washington held single-minded determination to acquire vast western estates. It was sufficient eventually to turn him against the crown he was serving in 1753; and what is more revealing, it would be sufficient to motivate him to cheat his comrades in arms out of their war service bonus lands.[32] In due course, Washington would denounce Indians as “having nothing human except the shape.” What compunctions could a man with such attitudes have about the rights of Indian tribes or the welfare of Indian persons? By personality or purpose, he seems to have stirred instant dislike among the Ohioans. When he resumed his march toward Fort LeBoeuf, only four Mingos accompanied him. Not a single representative of any other tribe went along, despite Tanaghrisson’s previously declared intention of providing a guard of Mingos, Shawnees, and Delawares “that our Brothers may see the Love and Loyalty we bear them.”[33][34]
November 28, 1770: Reachd Jasper Rinkers about 38 Miles from Cresaps & 30 Miles from Cox’s—not long ones.
November 28th, 1770: —The Old Town creek was so high as to wet us in crossing it, and when we came to Cox’s the river was impassable; we were obliged therefore, to cross in a canoe, and swim our horses. At Henry Enoch’s, at the forks of Cacapehon, we dined, and lodged at Kinker’s.
November 28, 1773: Dartmouth, the first of the tea ships, arrived Boston Harbor on November 28, 1773. By law, the cargo had to be unloaded, and the tax paid within twenty days. [35]
November 28, 1775
The Continental Navy is established.[36]
November 28, 1775: Battle of Great Bridge - November 28 - December 9, 1775. [37]
November 28, 1776: Battle of Fort Cumberland - November 10 - November 28, 1776.[38]
Strength Estimates of American Forces
November 28, 1776: estimated totals “less than 3,000 men”
This was a count of the Continental army at Newark, New Jersey, on November 28, 1776, made by Lieutenant James Monroe. He wrote in his autobiography, “I happened to be on the rear guard at Newark and I counted the force under his [Washington’s] command by platoons as it passed me, which amounted to less than 3,000 men.” [39]
Sunday, October 16, 2005 (2)[40]
1783
Jeffery, my oldest son, has contributed countless hours on the internet toward this narrative of Conrad and Caty. One of his recent finds is entitled, “A Monster So Brutal,” Simon Girty and the Degenerative Myth of the American Frontier 1783-1900 (Ref37.1).
The “Essay in History” published by the Corcoran Department of History, University of Virginia makes two claims and quotes many authors and writings to support them.
------First that Crawford’s death “is reminiscent of the remarkable brutality that characterized the partisan war fought in the Pennsylvania backcountry and along the Ohio frontier.....”
------Second, This tragic event “is also the cornerstone of one of the most pervasive myths of the 19th Century - - the degenerative saga of Simon Girty, the infamous frontier renegade and so-called “white savage.”
Basically the author claims that writers of early documentaries and narratives put the Boone characterization on the “good side” and the Girty characterization on the “bad side” in their writings and thus were responsible for influencing the actual public attitude.
The writer of this essay in the last paragraph concluded that “In responding to their ideological crises, Americans invented a cultural fabrication - the Simon Girty myth - that explained away the inconsistencies of their racist dogma, and revitalized the belief that white Americans were God’s chosen people.”
The literary impact of the horrific death of Crawford is shown in most books I have read on the early frontier. Most notable, as of this date that I know of, is “The Frontiersmen” by Allan W. Eckert. He follows the life of Simon Kenton, Daniel Boone and Tecumseh and ends his story of the frontier with the of Tecumseh whose body Kenton identified but never revealed to the U.S.Army; instead he named another body which was mutilated as he expected.
His accounts of Crawford’s death shows that Girty did attempt to negotiate the saving of Crawford’s life which differs from that of Dr. Knight who escaped to return eventually to report what he had observed.[41]
1784:The “economical” decree of Congress in 1784, that “standing armies in time of peace are inconsistent with the principles of republican government.” This pious preamble was followed by a reduction of the army of the United States to less than 100 men.[42]
1784: Catherine Gottleab (d. date unknown)
Catherine Gottleab died date unknown. She married Henry Keck on 1784, son of George Keck and Helenia Catherine Shaub.
More About Catherine Gottleab and Henry Keck:
Marriage: 1784
Children of Catherine Gottleab and Henry Keck are:
i.Ester Keck, b. January 31, 1799, d. date unknown.
ii.John Keck, b. May 04, 1801, d. date unknown.
iii.Henry Keck, b. April 14, 1804, d. date unknown.
iv.Samuel Keck, b. August 12, 1806, d. date unknown.
v.Peter Keck, b. September 10, 1808, d. date unknown.
vi.George Keck, b. June 09, 1810, d. date unknown.
vii.Elizabeth KECK, b. November 15, 1812, d. date unknown.[43]
1784
Virginia ceded Illinois to the U.S. government.[44]
1784: Now I lay me down to sleep, I pray thee lord my sole to keep, if I should die before I wake, I pray thee lord my sole to take.[45]
November 28, 1785
The United States denies legitimacy to the state of Franklin and returns the territory to the Cherokee Indians–Treaty of Dumplin Creek and Treaty of Coyatee with the State of Franklin.[46]
November 28, 1785: Treaty of Hopewell
The Treaty of Hopewell is any of three different treaties signed at Hopewell Plantation. The plantation was owned by Andrew Pickens, and was located on the Seneca River in northwestern South Carolina. The treaties were signed between the Confederation Congress of the United States of America and the Cherokee (1785), Choctaw and Chickasaw (1786) peoples. The historic site of the 'Treaty Oak', where the signings took place, is on Old Cherry Road in Pickens County, South Carolina. There is a historical marker placed near the bridge crossing Lake Hartwell, and a trail through the forest that allows access to the monument. The actual Treaty Oak is no longer alive.
Description: http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.19/common/images/magnify-clip.png
U.S. Senator Benjamin Hawkins
On November 28, 1785, the first Treaty of Hopewell was signed between the U.S. representative Benjamin Hawkins and the Cherokee Indians. The treaty laid out a western boundary for white settlement. The treaty gave rise to the sardonic Cherokee phrase of Talking Leaves, since they claimed that when the treaties no longer suited the Americans, they would blow away like talking leaves. A description of the boundary is found on Article 4 of the accord:
“
The boundary allotted to the Cherokees for their hunting grounds, between the said Indians and the citizens of the United States, within the limits of the United States of America, is, and shall be the following, viz. Beginning at the mouth of Duck river, on the Tennessee; thence running north-east to the ridge dividing the waters running into Cumberland from those running into the Tennessee; thence east-wardly along the said ridge to a north-east line to be run, which shall strike the river Cumberland forty miles above Nashville; thence along the said line to the river; thence up the said river to the ford where the Kentucky road crosses the river; thence to Campbell's line, near Cumberland gap; thence to the mouth of Claud's creek on Holstein; thence to the Chimney-top mountain; thence to Camp-creek, near the mouth of Big Limestone, on Nolichuckey; thence a southerly course six miles to a mountain; thence south to the North-Carolina line; thence to the South-Carolina Indian boundary, and along the same south-west over the top of the Oconee mountain till it shall strike Tugaloo river; thence a direct line to the top of the Currohee mountain; thence to the head of the south fork of Oconee river.[1]
”
Included in the signatures of the Cherokee delegation were several from leaders of the Chickamauga/Lower Cherokee, including two from the town of Chickamauga itself and one from Lookout Mountain Town.
1785 - 1786
Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Andrew_Pickens.jpg/175px-Andrew_Pickens.jpg
Description: http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.19/common/images/magnify-clip.png
U.S. Representative Andrew Pickens
Cherokees
On November 28, 1785, the first Treaty of Hopewell was signed between U.S. representatives Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, and Joseph Martin and members of the Cherokee People.
Cherokee treaty terms
The preamble begins with,
“
THE Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America give peace to all the Cherokee nation, and receive them into the favor and protection of the United States of America, on the following conditions: ...
”
—-Treaty of Hopewell, 1785
The following lists the terms of the treaty:
1. Indians to restore prisoners (who are U.S. citizens or their allies), slaves, and property.
2. Cherokees acknowledge protection provided by the United States.
3. Boundaries defined.
4. No citizen of United States shall settle on Indian lands and Indians may punish violators as they please.
5. Indians to deliver criminals who commit robbery, murder, or capital crimes.
6. Citizens of United States committing crimes against Indians to be punished.
7. Retaliation restrained.
8. United States to regulate trade.
9. Special provision for trade.
10. Cherokees to give notice of any known designs against United States by tribes or any person.
11. Peace and friendship perpetual.
Choctaws
On January 3, 1786, the Treaty of Hopewell was signed between U.S. representatives Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, and Joseph Martin and members of the Choctaw People.
Choctaw treaty terms
The preamble begins with,
“
THE Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America give peace to all the Choctaw nation, and receive them into the favor and protection of the United States of America, on the following conditions: ...
”
—-Treaty of Hopewell,
The following lists the terms of the treaty:
1. Indians to restore prisoners (who are U.S. citizens or their allies), slaves, and property.
2. Choctaws acknowledge protection provided by the United States.
3. Boundaries defined.
4. No citizen of United States shall settle on Indian lands and Indians may punish violators as they please.
5. Indians to deliver criminals who commit robbery, murder, or capital crimes.
6. Citizens of United States committing crimes against Indians to be punished.
7. Retaliation restrained.
8. United States to regulate trade.
9. Special provision for trade.
10. Choctaws to give notice of any known designs against United States by tribes or any person.
11. Peace and friendship perpetual.
Chickasaws
On January 10, 1786, the Treaty of Hopewell was signed between U.S. representatives Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, and Joseph Martin and the Chickasaw.
Chickasaw treaty terms
The preamble begins with,
“
THE Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America give peace to the Chickasaw People, and receive them into the favor and protection of the said States, on the following conditions: ...
”
—-Final Treaty of Hopewell, 1786
The following lists the terms of the treaty:
1.Indians to restore prisoners, slaves, and property.
2. Acknowledge the protection of United States.
3. Boundaries defined.
4. No citizen of United States shall settle on Indian lands and Chickasaws may punish them as they please.
5. Indians to deliver up criminals.
6. Citizens of United States committing crimes against Indians to be punished.
7. Retaliation restrained.
8. United States to regulate trade.
9. Special provision for trade
10. Indians to give notice of any known designs against United States.
11. Peace and friendship perpetual.[47][48]
Treaty with The Cherokee
November 28th, 1785
Articles concluded at Hopewell, on the Keowee, between Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Joseph Martin, and Lachlan M'Intosh, Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, of the one Part, and the headmen and Warriors of all the Cherokees of the other.
The Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States in Congress assembled, give peace to all the Cherokees, and receive them into the favor and protection of the United States of America, on the following conditions:
Article I.
The Head-Men and Warriors of all the Cherokees shall restore all the prisoners, citizens of the United States, or subjects of their allies, to their entire liberty: They shall also restore all the Negroes, and all other property taken during the late war from the citizens, to such person, and at such time and place, as the Commissioners shall appoint.
Article II.
The Commissioners of the United States in Congress assembled, shall restore all the prisoners taken from the Indians, during the late war, to the Head-Men and Warriors of the Cherokees, as early as is practicable.
Article III.
The said Indians for themselves and their respective tribes and towns do acknowledge all the Cherokees to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whosoever.
Article IV.
The boundary allotted to the Cherokees for their hunting grounds, between the said Indians and the citizens of the United States, within the limits of the United States of America, is, and shall be the following, viz. Beginning at the mouth of Duck river, on the Tennessee; thence running north-east to the ridge dividing the waters running into Cumberland from those running into the Tennessee; thence eastwardly along the said ridge to a north-east line to be run, which shall strike the river Cumberland forty miles above Nashville; thence along the said line to the river; thence up the said river to the ford where the Kentucky road crosses the river; thence to Campbell's line, near Cumberland gap; thence to the mouth of Claud's creek on Holstein; thence to the Chimney-top mountain; thence to Camp-creek, near the mouth of Big Limestone, on Nolichuckey; thence a southerly course six miles to a mountain; thence south to the North-Carolina line; thence to the South-Carolina Indian boundary, and along the same south-west over the top of the Oconee mountain till it shall strike Tugaloo river; thence a direct line to the top of the Currohee mountain; thence to the head of the south fork of Oconee river.
Article V.
If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being an Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the lands westward or southward of the said boundary which are hereby allotted to the Indians for their hunting grounds, or having already settled and will not remove from the same within six months after the ratification of this treaty, such person shall forfeit the protection of the United States, and the Indians may punish him or not as they please: Provided nevertheless, That this article shall not extend to the people settled between the fork of French Broad and Holstein rivers, whose particular situation shall be transmitted to the United States in Congress assembled for their decision thereon, which the Indians agree to abide by.
Article VI.
If any Indian or Indians, or person residing among them, or who shall take refuge in their nation, shall commit a robbery, or murder, or other capital crime, on any citizen of the United States, or person under their protection, the nation, or the tribe to which such offender or offenders may belong, shall be bound to deliver him or them up to be punished Cording to the ordinances of the United States; provided, that the punishment shall not be greater than if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime had been committed by a citizen on a citizen.
Article VII.
If any citizen of the United States, or person under their protection, shall commit a robbery or murder, or other capital crime, on any Indian, such offender or offenders shall be punished in the same manner as if the murder or robbery, or other capital crime, had been committed on a citizen of the United States; and the punishment shall be in presence of some of the Cherokees, if any shall attend at the time and place, and that they may have an opportunity so to do, due notice of the time of such intended punishment shall be sent to some one of the tribes.
Article VIII.
It is understood that the punishment of the innocent under the idea of retaliation, is unjust, and shall not be practiced on either side, except where there is a manifest violation of this treaty; and then it shall be preceded first by a demand of justice, and if refused, then by a declaration of hostilities.
Article IX.
For the benefit and comfort of the Indians, and for the prevention of injuries or oppressions on the part of the citizens or Indians, the United States in Congress assembled shall have the sole and exclusive right of regulating the trade with the Indians, and managing all their affairs in such manner as they think proper.
Article X.
Until the pleasure of Congress be known, respecting the ninth article, all traders, citizens of the United States, shall have liberty to go to any of the tribes or towns of the Cherokees to trade with them, and they shall be protected in their persons and property, and kindly treated.
Article XI.
The said Indians shall give notice to the citizens of the United States, of any designs which they may know or suspect to be formed in any neighboring tribe, or by any person whosoever, against the peace, trade or interest of the United States.
Article XII.
That the Indians may have full confidence in the justice of the United States, respecting their interests, they shall have the right to send a deputy of their choice, whenever they think fit, to Congress.
Article XIII.
The hatchet shall be forever buried, and the peace given by the United States, and friendship re-established between the said states on the one part, and all the Cherokees on the other, shall be universal; and the contracting parties shall use their utmost endeavors to maintain the peace given as aforesaid, and friendship re-established.
In witness of and every thing herein determined, between the United States of America and all the Cherokees, we, their underwritten Commissioners, by virtue of Her full powers, have signed this definitive treaty, and have caused our seals to be hereunto affixed.
Done at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this twenty-eighth of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five.
•Benjamin Hawkins
•And'w Piekens, (Andrew Pickens)
•Jos. Martin]
•Lach'n McIntosh
•Koatohee, or Corn Tassel of Toquo, his x mark
•Seholauetta, or Hanging Man of Chota, his x mark
•Tuskegatahu, or Long Fellow of Chistohoe, his x mark
•Ooskvrha, or Abraham of Chilkowa, his x mark
•Kolakusta, or Prince of Noth, his x mark
•Newota, or the Gritzs of Chicamaga his x mark
•Konatota, or the Rising Fawn of Highwassay, his x mark
•Tuckasee, or Young Terrapin of Allajoy, his x mark
•Toostaka, or the Waker of Oostanawa, his x mark
•Untoola, or Gun Rod of Seteco, his x mark
•Unsuokanail, Buffalo White Calf New Cussee, his x mark
•Kostayeak, or Sharp Fellow Wataga, his x mark
•Chonosta, of Cowe, his x mark
•Chescoonwho, Bird in Close of Tomotlug, his x mark
•Tuckasee, or Terrapin of Hightowa his x mark
•Chesetoa, or the Rabbit of Tlaeoa, his x mark
•Cheseeotetona, or Yellow Bird of the Pine Log, his x mark
•Sketaloska, Second Man of Tillico, his x mark
•Chokasatahe, Chiekasaw Killer Tasonta, his x mark
•Onanoota,ofKoosoate,hisx mark,
•Ookoseta, or Sower Mush of Kooloque, his x mark
•Umatooetha. the Water Hunter Choikamawga, his x mark
•Wyuka, of Lookout Mountain, his x mark
•Tulco, or Tom of Chatuga, his x mark
•Will, of Akoha, his x mark
•Neeatee, of Sawta, his x mark
•Amokontakona, Kuteloa, his x mark
•Kowetatahee, in Frog Town, his x mark
•Keukuck, Taleoa, his x mark
•Tulatiska, of Chaway, his x mark
•Wooaluka, the Waylayer, Chota, his x mark
•Tatliusta, or Porpoise of Tilassi, his mark
•John, of Little Tallico, his x mark
•Skelelak, his x mark
•Akonoluchta, the cabin, his x mark
•Cheanoka, of Kawetakae, his x mark
•Yellow Bird, his x mark
Witness:
•Wm. Blount
•Sam'l Taylor, Major.
•John Owen,
•Jess. Walton,
•Jno. Cowan,
•Thos. Gregg,
•W. Hazzard.
•James Madison,
•Arthur Cooley.[49]
•
· November 28, 1786: To JOHN STEPHENSON
·
· Mount Vernon, November 28, 1786.
· Dr. Sir: This Letter will be handed to you by Mr. Lear a young gentleman who lives with me, and who will pass a receipt in discharge of any money you may pay him on my account. I hope it will be convenient for you to discharge the whole, for it should be remembered that I have lain a long time out of what you are owing me, and that I can no more do without than another. My expences are high, and my calls great, or I should not have reminded you so often of what I had hoped you would have paid without any intimation of my wants. With best wishes for you and yours, I am, etcY[50]
November 28, 1796
Lawrence Harrison, Jr.4 (Lawrence, Andrew,2 Andrew 1), “Lieutenant Lawrence Harrison, Virginia, 2nd Lieutenant, 13th Virginia, 5 April, 1778; a Regiment designated as the 9th Virginia, September, 1778; as First Lieutenant, 3 October, 1778; transferred to 7th Virginia, 1781:
Retired, January, 1783.
“Lawrence Harrison, Lieutenant, Continental Line, 11-34. Bounty
Warrant # 4731, November 28, 1796, for seven years as lieutenant in Continental Lines.”[51]
November 28, 1799: "On November 28, eighteen days after the coup d'etat, the Guard of the Consuls was officially created out of the Guards of the Directory and Legislature.[52] Ancestor Joseph LeClere was said to have been one of Napoleans Bodyguards.
With the establishment of the Consulate, the Guard of the Directory,
had to form the Guard of the Consuls. In Novemner 1799 was issued a decree:
"Art. XIV -
The Consular Guard will be recruited only from men who
will have distinguished themselves on the field of battle.”
PAY (per year):
troop earnings will be paid every 10 days, officers at the end of each month.
- Foot Grenadier and Chasseur 410, Drummer 500
- Horse Grenadier and Chasseur 450, Trumpeter 650
- Gunner 1st Class 500, 2nd Class 460
Money allocated for equipment, armament, horse-harness, and clothing:
- Foot Grenadier and Chasseur 258, Officer 800
- Horse Grenadier 517, Officer 1000
- Horse Chasseur 689, Officer 1500
- Gunner 689, Officer 1500 [53]
November 28, 1802
(Werneck) (Former home of Franz Gotlob aka Francis Godlove ) On 28 November 1802 dismissed last prince bishop of Wuerzburg, George Karl von Fechenbach, in Werneck its subjects from their loyalty obligation and recommended at the same time her to the new national gentleman Kurfürst Maximilian of Bavaria. [15] [54]
November 28, 1796
Lawrence Harrison, Jr.4 (Lawrence, Andrew,2 Andrew 1), “Lieutenant Lawrence Harrison, Virginia, 2nd Lieutenant, 13th Virginia, 5 April, 1778; a Regiment designated as the 9th Virginia, September, 1778; as First Lieutenant, 3 October, 1778; transferred to 7th Virginia, 1781:
Retired, January, 1783.
“Lawrence Harrison, Lieutenant, Continental Line, 11-34. Bounty
Warrant # 4731, November 28, 1796, for seven years as lieutenant in Continental Lines.”[55]
November 28, 1799: "On November 28, eighteen days after the coup d'etat, the Guard of the Consuls was officially created out of the Guards of the Directory and Legislature.[56] Ancestor Joseph LeClere was said to have been one of Napoleans Bodyguards.
With the establishment of the Consulate, the Guard of the Directory,
had to form the Guard of the Consuls. In Novemner 1799 was issued a decree:
"Art. XIV -
The Consular Guard will be recruited only from men who
will have distinguished themselves on the field of battle.”
PAY (per year):
troop earnings will be paid every 10 days, officers at the end of each month.
- Foot Grenadier and Chasseur 410, Drummer 500
- Horse Grenadier and Chasseur 450, Trumpeter 650
- Gunner 1st Class 500, 2nd Class 460
Money allocated for equipment, armament, horse-harness, and clothing:
- Foot Grenadier and Chasseur 258, Officer 800
- Horse Grenadier 517, Officer 1000
- Horse Chasseur 689, Officer 1500
- Gunner 689, Officer 1500 [57]
November 28, 1799: Owing largely to political vicissitudes that occurred in France during the 1790s, Versailles succumbed to further degradations. Mirrors were assigned by the finance ministry for payment of debts of the Republic and draperies, upholstery, and fringes were confiscated and sent to the mint to recoup the gold and silver used in their manufacture. Despite its designation as a museum, Versailles served as an annex to the Hôtel des Invalides pursuant to the decree of 7 frimaire an VIII (November 28, 1799), which commandeered part of the palace and which had wounded soldiers being housed in the petit appartement du roi (Gatin, 1908).
November 28, 1805:
Race between Truxton and Ploughboy canceled [58]
November 28, 1808
John C. Calhoun in 1849
7th Vice President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832
‘President
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Preceded by
Daniel Tompkins
Succeeded by
Martin Van Buren
16th United States Secretary of State
In office
April 1, 1844 – March 10, 1845
President
John Tyler
Preceded by
Abel Upshur
Succeeded by
James Buchanan
10th United States Secretary of War
In office
October 8, 1817 – March 4, 1825
President
James Monroe
Preceded by
William Crawford
Succeeded by
James Barbour
United States Senator
from South Carolina
In office
November 26, 1845 – March 31, 1850
Preceded by
Daniel Huger
Succeeded by
Franklin Elmore
In office
December 29, 1832 – March 4, 1843
Preceded by
Robert Hayne
Succeeded by
Daniel Huger
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 6th district
In office
March 4, 1811 – November 3, 1817
Preceded by
Joseph Calhoun
Succeeded by
Eldred Simkins
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Abbeville District
In office
November 28, 1808 – December 19, 1809
[59]
November 28, 1809: John Crawford to George Crawford Know all men by these presents
Recorded November 28, 1809. I John Crawford for myself my
Joseph Darlington heirs assigns for several good
Recorder for Adams County. causes and monies paid to me and other valuable considerations rendered by George Crawford my son I do deliver up in the presence
of these witnesses the following articles viz: one bay mare branded S on the near shoulder two three year old heifers fifteen head of hogs and one bed and bedstead and furniture with other household property and a corner cubboard to the said George Crawford as well as all the right title claim and demand in and to any maintainance coming by a will of my son Moses Crawford deceased which he made in his lifetime and I further relinquish all claim in and to the same and more as apecial for the value of one Dollar in hand paid to me at the signing and delivering of this instrument of writing. Nevertheless quitting all claim or demand in and to the above described property from me and my heirs and assigns to the only proper use and behoof of the said George Given under my hand and seal this 9th day of March 1809~(March 9)
John Crawford (SEAL)
Signed in the presence of us,
Win. Faultner her
Sally Rowland Mary X Hambelton
Mark
State of Ohio, Adams County.
This day personally appeared John Crawford before me James Moore, a Justice of the Peace for said County and acknowledged the within signing and sealing to be his act and deed for the purpose therein mentioned. Given under my hand and seal this 9th day of November (November 9)1809.
James Moore J. P. (SEAL)[60]
November 28, 1831: Zachariah Smith (b. January 16, 1770 / d. November 28, 1831).[61]
November 28, 1833: Richard Crawford, son of G. and Winnie Crawford, b. November 28, 1833.
5. Mrs. Emahiser says that in 1958 she saw a marker:
Julian Crawford, 21 years, died 1851. [62]
November 28, 1847: ROBERT HARRISON was born in 1842 in Montgomery Co., TN and died August 11, 1893 in Dallas Co., AR. He is buried in Macedonia Cemetery near Lea Family Cemetery where his wife Priscilla is buried. He married Priscilla Frances LEA on October 24, 1869 in Dallas Co., AR. She was born in 1842 in Caswell Co., NC, and is buried in Lea Family Cemetery, Dallas, Co. AR. Her family moved from Caswell Co., NC November 28, 1847 to Dallas Co., AR.
The Lea Cemetery (White) is located: 150 feet West of County Road about 3 miles south of HWY 8 about ½ mile south of Macedonia Methodist Church and Cemetery. Was known as Hollywood Community, Dallas Co., AR. [63]
November 28, 1862: Another expedition left Helena on the 28th of November under
command of Gen. Hovey for Cold Water, Miss. [64]
November 28, 1862: Defeat at Cane Hill
About a week after arriving in Dripping Springs, the Confederates moved
north to Cane Hill, Arkansas. There, on November 28, 1862 a large force of
Union troops under the command of General James Blunt attacked the
encampment. Just at sunup, the Federals fired their cannons into the middle of
the camp. Surprised and outnumbered, the rebels fled into the Boston
Mountains. Quantrill’s men and Elliot’s Battalion fought to keep the Federals in
check while the retreating Confederate army got its wagons over the
mountains. John McCorkle described the fight in his memoirs, "THREE YEARS
WITH QUANTRILL," written by O. S. Barton and originally published in 1914.
McCorkle used the ranks of "Colonel" Elliot and "General" Shelby in his
narrative. These Confederate officers attained those ranks later in the war. If
you are concerned about accuracy, you should substitute their correct ranks at
the time of the engagement, which was major and colonel.
McCorkle wrote, "I was detailed on the watch. I saw the enemy coming
up the creek and, at once, reported to Gregg and Colonel Elliott. Returning to
my post, I saw that they were advancing very rapidly and immediately returned
to Elliott and Gregg and told them if we stayed there a few minutes longer we
would be cut off and would have to cut a hole through the enemy to get out.
Colonel Elliott, as soon as he saw our perilous position, ordered a retreat, and,
as we crossed the creek, about fifty yards ahead of them, the enemy poured a
heavy volley of grape, canister and minnie balls at us, and nothing but the poor
shooting of the Yankees saved us all from being killed, but only two of Elliott’s
men were slightly wounded. We kept us a constant firing as we went up the
mountains. During this running fight, one of our company, Dick Turpin, became
separated from us, and, riding up to where General Shelby was, the general
asked him what command he belonged to. He replied ‘Quantrill’s.’ Shelby
replied, ‘I thought those boys always stayed in their places.’ To which Turpin
replied, ‘I can go any place you can: come on.’ The general started to follow,
when his horse was killed under him. Turpin turned in his saddle and saw
Shelby getting up and said, ‘General, what in the hell are you stopping there
for? Why don’t you come on?’ Going up the mountain, General Shelby had three
horses killed under him. After getting over the mountain, we started down Cole
[Cove] Creek, the baggage train being ahead of us. The Federals closed up and
made a saber charge on our rear guard. Captain Gregg then told me to go down
the creek and find a place to form, as he wanted to check that charge. I
started and took Dave Poole with me and, just past the spur of the mountain, I
found a place about large enough for forty men to form on. Leaving Poole
there, I rode back and notified Gregg. The boys came on down on the double
quick, about half of them forming and the remainder forming in the rear.
About that time, Captain John Jarrett, who had formerly been with Quantrill,
but who was then in command of a company of cavalry under Shelby, came up
and asked me what we were going to do. I told him we were going to check
that charge and to get in the rear. Before we had time really to re-form the
Federals came to within about thirty yards of us and Captain Gregg gave the
command to charge. We rushed forward, yelling and shooting and, at the first
volley, we unhorsed thirty-seven of them, among them being a Major Hubbard.
The Federals immediately turned and went back up the mountain at a more
rapid pace than they had come down, we following them about a quarter of a
mile, wounding and killing a good many more. When one of the men came up
to where Captain Hubbard was lying wounded, he dismounted and took his
belt, revolver and sword and a fine, new overcoat that Hubbard was wearing
and told him he was going to kill him. Just then General Shelby came along and
asked what he was going to do with that man, and being told he was going to
kill him, Shelby very sternly, said, ‘No, you are not. Return that man his belt,
sword, revolver and overcoat,’ which was very promptly done. In about an hour
from this time, the Federals came down with a flag of truce and took up their
dead and wounded."
The engagement on Cove Creek probably occurred just off present day
Country Road 285 near either Strickler or Floss, Arkansas. Once the
Confederates were in the mountains, Blunt ordered his troops back to Cane Hill
rather than pursue the retreating rebels through the treacherous winter
weather in the hills and forests of the Boston Mountains. The Confederates
made their way south to Van Buren where they camped for several days. Then
they returned to camp at Dripping Springs.[65]
November 28-December 8, 1863: Dr. William McKinnon Goodlove (1st cousin, 3 times removed) and the 57th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, March to relief of Knoxville, Tenn., November 28-December 8. [66]
August 7-November 28, 1864: Sheridan took command of the Union troops in what was then called the Middle Division on August 7, 1864. He was no one’s first choice for the job. Lincoln and Stanton felt that Sheridan was too young, and Grant would have preferred Major Generals William B. Franklin or George G. Mead. Sheridan himself was reluctant to leave his successes in the Army of the Potomac’s cavalry corps for a field of operation that had spelled disaster to the careers of so many Union generals. Nevertheless, the youthful Major Gereral set about the task of organizing an army with which to defeat Early and to make the Valley of no further use to the Confederacy as a natural food supply. When Sheridan took command of the Army of the Shenandoah, it consisted of the VI Corps comprising three divisions under Major Gereal Horatio Wright, the XIX Corps consisting of two divisions under Brigadier General William H. Emory, the VIII Corps numbering no more than one medium-sized division under Brigadier General George Cook, and two cavalry divisions under Brigadier General Alfred Torbert for a total force of approximately 40,000 men. Except for Wright’s VI Corps, most of the units were untried or had dubious reputations, such as that of the XIX cCorps after the Red River Campaign. Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley Campaign August 7-November 28. [67]
Mon. November 28, 1864
In cam drilled some
(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary)[68]
November 28, 1864: WILLIAM HARRISON "HARRY" CRAWFORD, b. December 21, 1818, Bear Creek, Estill County, Kentucky; d. November 28, 1864. [69]
November 28, 1869: LYDIA KATHERINE WINANS b June 13, 1849 at Pemberton, Shelby, Ohio md November 28, 1869 at Springville, Linn, Ia. Oliver Francis Glenn b 8 [?] 1842 at Wellsville, Columbiana, Ohio d May 27, 1897 at sea and buried there. He was the son of John and Zibiah Glenn. [70]
November 28, 1876
100_2624[71]
1877 - First effective double-action revolver.[72]
1877: The pandemic flares up again in Russia, China, and India.[73]
1878
Adolf Stoecker, German anti-Semitic preach and politician, founds the ‘Social Workers’ Party, which marks the beginning of the political anti-Semitic movement in Germany.
In 1878 moving to Romania for this purpose. Gottlober’s main residences during this time were in Dubno (at the home of his daughter), Rivne, and Białystok.[74]
A Jewish Metropolis
Translated by Sara Mages
A. Avtichi-Hadari
Dubno, one of the most famous ancient cities in the province of Wolyn Russia since the beginning of the second millennium AD, is tied with many strings to the history of the Ukrainian Jewry. Jewish refugees from the German principalities, who sought refuge in the nearby countries including Wolyn and its ancient cities Ostroh, Dubno, Lutsk and others, settled there in the 10th century.
The name Dubno, or Greater Dubno as the Jews called it in the distant past, evokes many memories, good and gloomy, about the living conditions in the Diaspora for more than nine hundred years. During this period, the Jews of Dubno saw a lot of darkness and little light, and went through great sufferings and little peace. They suffered from persecutions, oppressions and annihilations in time of wars and libels; exchange of occupiers, rulers and leaders; the decrees of 5408 and 5409 [1648/49]; the oppression of the Russian Czarist authorities; the hostility of the Polish government; and last – Hitler's terrible Holocaust which brought the destruction and the annihilation of all the European Jewry including more than ten thousand Jewish residents of Dubno, and with them many thousands of Jews, men, women and children, from the surroundings that were brought to Dubno Ghetto by the Nazis and found their death there.
It can be said, without exaggeration, that the Jews had a large and important part in the building and the development of Dubno. The Jews have shaped its public and economic image, despite the difficulties and the limitations from which they suffered at different times. The adaptability of Dubno's Jewish residents and their talents helped them at all time. They were able to initiate, create and perform many enterprises that benefited the city's residents, including the Jews.
Since Dubno was close to the Austrian border it developed commercial ties across the border and served as a window to the west for Russia and Poland. At the end of the 18th century, its geographical situation and developed trade attracted major “fairs” and the well known “contracts” that took place there for nearly a century. “Vaad Arba Aratzot” [Council of the Four Lands] discovered that Dubno was a worthy place for its meetings and conventions in which they revised regulations, set instructions and made decisions for all the Jews. The city grew and flourished and its name was known in faraway places. Many flocked to Dubno from near and far, and it became a center for the towns and cities across Wolyn.
Already in the earlier days, the community of Dubno was organized like all the other Jewish communities in Wolyn, and had Torah, charity, and benevolence institutions which were common in Jewish communities. Throughout Dictionar Throughout the generations the community of Dubno appointed community leaders, public activists, Torah sages, scholars and leaders. The community was rich with synagogues and Beti-Midrash. Many genius Rabbis and famous scholars sat there and never stopped studying the Torah.
Dubno is the city of “Shelah ha-Kadosh” [the holy Shelah - Rabbi Yasaiah Horowitz], the Dubner Maggid and Avrom Ber Gotlober. Dubno is the city of the first Jewish press in Poland-Russia. Dubno is the city where loyal Zionist activists excelled during the last generations, starting with R' Zalman Ashkenazi who carried the nation's vision since his youth and infected many like Mordechai Blat, David Horowitz, the Perl brothers and others. Thousands of teenagers, who were educated in the spirit of the Hebrew language in the city's Hebrew School, were members of pioneer youth movements - “Gordonia”, “Hashomer Hatzair”, “HeHalutz” and others, and many of them immigrated to Israel and were among its builders and defenders.
Dubno's name, a metropolis with a rich and glorious past in the Wolyn Diaspora, will remain forever in the history of the Jewish communities.
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[Pages 21-22]
The City and its History
Translated by Sara Mages
dub021.jpg
Yakov Netaneli-Roitman
[Pages 25-26]
A. The outline of the city
Dubno, the province city, sits on the left bank of the Ikva River, which draws its water away from the city to a distance of 5.6 kilometers until it spills into the Styr River near the town of Targowica [Torgovitsa]. Dubno is close to the central rail station of the Zdolbuniv-Radyvyliv railway, on the junction of the main line Brisk-Kiev. This central station is located in the village of Straklov, a distance of 12.7 kilometers (6 Russian versts) from the city, between Ozeryany and Rodnia stations.
Dubno is built on the edge of the Galician-Wolyn ridge, which turns its shoulder here to the east. It is surrounded on three sides by the waters of the Ikva River, which block the access to the castle and to the city, and serve as a natural barrier against attackers. In addition, the right bank of the Ikva River is lower than the left bank, and the riverbed is swampy. Extensive swamps and deep water lakes, which extend over large areas, prevent the access to the riverbed, and therefore Dubno was well protected from enemies in ancient times.
At the edge of the ridge, above the left bank, where the Ikva is flowing in a semicircle, rising a red-brick castle whose enormous walls stand vertically above the river and serve as a shield against attackers, while two tall towers fill that role from the south and the west. On the western side, a wide deep moat separates the castle from the city; at time of emergency the moat was flooded with water from the river, so the castle was completely cut off from the city and stood like a fortress in the heart of the river. In ancient times, a portable bridge linked the castle to the city, and when necessary, it was raised with chains to the castle. In recent generations it was replaced by a permanent wooden bridge.
West of the castle stretches a spacious square plaza, it is the main market. In the middle stands the Council House (Rathaus), a large square building with a central courtyard that four arched open gates lead to it from the market. Muzzles of old cannons protruded from both sides of the gates, and their barrels were embedded vertically in the pavement by the doorposts. Many shops surrounded the Council House on all sides, and also the square around the Council House.
Straight streets opened from the market to all sides of the city. They were divided at right angles by side streets: Aleksandrowicz Street[1], formally called Grodski, a main promenade which wasn't very long; Machenskyi Street, named after the conqueror of the city during the Polish invasion; Castle Street (Zamkova); Szeroka Street that led to the suburb of Zabramye, two additional streets branched off it: Parna Street and Panienska Street.
In the center of town, north of Aleksandrowicz Street, the Catholic Church, named after John Nepomucena, closed the passage with a wide white façade and a Latin inscription in large letters was fixed on it: “Gloria Tibi Domine” (“Glory to Thee, O Lord”). The priests of the Catholic religion, which ruled many towns in the environment, settled here. Behind the church there is a spacious garden surrounded by a white wall. Inside it is a green lawn and many barren trees: linden, chestnut, and white poplar.
Aleksandrowicz Street ended in the crossing corner of Machinski Street. From here it sloped to the Ikva River and to the ancient Jewish street.The Great Synagogue, which was built between the years 5543-5554 (1782-1794), stood close to the river.
It is told about the synagogue[2]:
“The synagogue in the city of Dubno is a very beautiful stone building, its height is about thirty cubits (21 meters), and its dome rests on sixteen pillars that were built in four rows. Its construction lasted approximately twelve years, from 5543 to 5554, when – as it written in the community ledger - they started to pray there. Its builders worked hard to find the large sums of money they needed to spend on it, and without the aid of Prince Michael Lubomirski, the city's leaders couldn't carry out their good ideas and all their hard work were in vain if this good master hadn't come to their aid. He sent his peasants' servants to work in this building for very small wages, and for the stones,
[Pages 27-28]
bricks, sand, raw material and the lime that they bought from him for this building, he only took half of the asking price. He helped them every day with everything that he could, and directed them with his advice. Twenty five years have passed since a reliable man, an old man of about seventy years, told me that he had heard in his youth from his father, who was eighty years old at that time that he was there when the cornerstone was laid for the synagogue's building. He saw with his own eyes how the townspeople, their chiefs and notable persons sat around the tables, which were made of wooden planks that were placed on top of empty wine and brandy barrels, and glass of brandy and honey cakes before them, and in their company was also this prince, a great respected minister of the Polish Kingdom and one of the military leaders, who drank a glass with them after he told them a few things and after he blessed them: 'That they'll finish successfully what they have started to build, and they'll pray in this synagogue to God who created the heavens and the earth, and all living things upon the earth”.
“And in memory of the good thing that this nobleman has done, the masters of the city, together with our brothers, placed a gilded iron plate over the entrance to the synagogue, and on it the coat of arms of this respected noble family and the initials of the name of the prince, Michael Lubomirski, and under the sign – the verse: 'To the house of God we will go in the lightning, thunder, rain and snow' – 5554.”
“Aron HaKodesh [the Holy Ark] in this synagogue is a work of art and very beautiful, on it, on its doors and on the pillars on its sides, there are gilded wood carvings, buds and flowers, seraphs, cherubs and grape vines, which attract the eyes of those who look at them. But over the years, this Holy Ark started to brake down, and a few toys [ornaments] that were on it fell and decreased, and its gold fell and darkened, until the former Gabai of this synagogue, the chief philanthropist, our teacher and rabbi Shmuel Horowitz May God protect and preserve him, didn't rest until they fixed it and regilded it and now it is more decorated than before, this repair cost more than two thousand Rubles. Also the thick oak floor, that the builders of the synagogue made, rotted over the years and it was difficult and dangerous to walk on it, HaRav S. Horowitz removed it and replaced it with a solid limestone tile floor, beautiful and comfortable for those who walk on it.”
“About sixty Torah scrolls, big and small, stand in Aron HaKodesh, and most of them are proper to read. Sacred vessels of silver, crowns, Etzi Hayim[3], fringes, Yadin [4], lamps, bowls and jugs that the Cohanim will use to wash their hands with next to the pulpit, also Parochot[5] andKaporot[6], and a lot of expensive covers, the work of artists, are to be found in the synagogue.”
“The Chanukah Menorah, that they also light candles in every Friday night and on holidays, is of pure silver, big and heavy, and was gloriously made with a double headed silver eagle on top. Two small silver plaques are attached to the menorah and these things are written on one of them: 'This menorah was refurbished by the Barkeepers Society who added a lot of silver to it 5576 (1816)', and written on the second: 'In everlasting memory of the Barkeepers' treasurer and the members of the Society, in the year 5597 (1827) the pure menorah, that they donated to the synagogue, was stolen and found missing, and with their kindness they repaired it again, beautiful and pure, it was ready on Hoshana Rabbah 5598 (1838) and it will exist for eternity until the arrival of the Messiah'.”
“It is told: this menorah was stolen by Herel who put out the candles on Friday nights, after he broke it he put its shafts and its parts in a sack and brought it to one of his associates to sell, and there was one man there who saw it, and from him it became known to the people of the community, the thief was sent to prison and the menorah was returned to the synagogue.”
“As we said, there are many Parochot and Kaporot and covers in the synagogue, and they are always replaced on the Sabbath, festivals, and the Days of Awe. On Friday night the Ark is covered with a light blue Kaporet and Parochet. Stitched the Kaporet in silver letters: 'Donated by our teacher Yosef son of our teacher Avraham May God protect and preserve him, in the year 5500 (1740) by the abbreviated era'. The entire Sabbath Kiddush is stitched on the Parochet and above it is says: 'Donated by our teacher and rabbi R' Tzvi Hirsh son of our teacher and rabbi R' Eliyahu May God protect and preserve him and his wife Mrs. Gitel'. And above: The year 5527 (1767) by the abbreviated era'.”
“On Shabbat Mevarchim[7] they'll put on the Ark a Parochet and a Kaporet with the blessings of the month in silver letters, and at the bottom of the Parochet 5510 by the abbreviated era (1750). On a Friday, when there is Brit Milah in the city, and also on a weekday and on the Sabbath, they'll cover the Ark with a Parochet and a Kaporet with the blessings that are recited during the circumcision. On Leil Yom Tov [Friday night] they'll cover the Ark with an expensive red Parochet on which all the entire Yom Tov Kiddush is stitched in silver letters and the inscription: Donated by the modest noble woman Mrs. Hinda Chaya daughter of the late preacher our teacher Yermiyah HaLevi of blessed memory'. There is also a silver bowl from her with the inscription: 'Donated by the modest Mrs. Hinda daughter of our rabbi our teacher and rabbi R' Yermiyah Segal'. Written on another Yom Tov Kaporet: 'I have set the Lord always before me', donated by our teacher Eliezer son of our teacher Yosef for his son the boy Eliyahu, May God raise him to the Torah and to good deeds Amen Selha'. And written on another Kaporet: 'Donated by the chief, our teacher David son of our teacher R' Nisan of blessed memory in the year 5537 (1777) by the abbreviated era'. Written on a beautiful expensive Turkish, Parochet: 'Donated by the important noble woman Mrs. Ester May she lives, daughter of the prominent scholar our teacher and rabbi Yoel, May the memory of the righteous be of a blessing'. But on most of the Kaporot and the Parochot there aren't any inscriptions and dedications. During the Musaf on the seventh day of Passover, and on Shemini Atzeret, they'll hang on the Ark an ornate expensive Parochet, the work of artists,
[Pages 29-30]
Aleksandrowicz Street
and embroidered on it with threads of silver and gold, large pillars and grape vines in various beautiful colors, and in the middle there is a pattern of a horned bull standing next to a water well, and on this Parochet it is written: 'The year 5487 (1727) by the abbreviated era. By the worker who deals with the work of holy garments Yakev (Yakov) son of HaRav R' Yehudah Leib of blessed memory, and by the worker who deals with the work of holy garments Tzvi Hersh son of HaRav R' Yehudah Leib of blessed memory'.”
“All the vessels and holy garments are stored in the cellar under a door and iron bars that were made by the Gabai of that time, the late R' Meir Shumski of blessed memory, whose heart and soul always benefited the House of God, and so was his late son, R' Chaim Hirtz of blessed memory, who was the synagogue's Gabai after him. All these valuable objects were donated by people who lived in recent centuries.”
“There are four women galleries in the synagogue that span to north and to the south, two of them upstairs and two of them downstairs. At the entrance to the synagogue, on both sides, there are four small houses of prayer, two downstairs and two upstairs. Most of the population and the tradesmen prayed there except for the High Holidays when everyone prayed in the synagogue.”
“Besides the synagogue and the four houses of prayer at the entrance to this building, there are additional seventeen houses of prayer and Midrashim in the city, because in the city of Dubno, like in all the cities in Lita, Poland and Rusyn [Ruthenia], each association, each Hassidic sect, and all the tradesmen had a special house of prayer that carried the name of its founder, the name of the association, the Hassidic sect or the tradesmen who prayed there.”
*
Close to the Great Synagogue stood in all of its gloom the ancient Bath-House, not far from it the “Hekdesh” – a shelter and hostel for poor passers-by, and also the home of the president of the rabbinical court, and the Chief Rabbi.
Near the Great Synagogue was also the end of Zydowska Street – a long meager shapeless street, which started somewhere in the suburb of Zabramye on the bank of the murky Ikva River, that reeds, thorns and weeds grew in its neglected yards.
Before the First World War the city of Dubno was paved and clean. Policemen and inspectors were strict about cleanliness, and homeowners
[Pages 31-32]
were given fines or even thrown in jail if the street near their houses was dirty. Therefore, you would have found each morning, when you passed through the streets, many important homeowners holding a twigs' broom with a long stick, cleaning the sidewalk near their house and half of the adjacent road, while the neighbor across the street was cleaning the second half of the road. The roads were paved with red bricks and not with stone slabs. The curbs were high and upright, and puddles ran along the sidewalk because the city didn't have a sewage system. Many of the large buildings were not plastered and whitewashed because they were only built with red bricks, and for that reason they were the pride of their owners. There were many homeowners in the city because it was considered to be demeaning to live as a “neighbor” with someone. There were few apartment buildings; most of the buildings were of one storey with an attic; two-storey buildings were only in the market. The city's homes were lit by kerosene lamps, but the lighting in the streets was poor and meager. Kerosene lamps hung on special posts and city employees, the “Lampers”, lit them every evening. In the years 1910-1912, the kerosene lamps were replaced by “Lucas” lamps on the main streets. They were raised to the top of the posts with steel cables, and since the “Lucas” lamps were the height of progress in Dubno, masses of idle youth gathered every evening to watch how the “Lamper” lights the “Lucas” lamp, and shout “Hurray!” when a blinding white light penetrated from the modern lamp.
In Dubno they drank water from the Ikva River. Every morning the water-drawers went down in horse drawn barrel-carts to the shallow places on the shore of the Ikva, drew murky water with a long handed ladle, and poured it into the barrels through a wide funnel. They transported the water from the river to the houses, and sold it with a measuring cup. One day, “Kazapim”[8], who knew how to drill, were brought to Dubno. An artesian well was dug in the heart of the market and its pristine water flowed in abundance from open taps. The municipal council built a shelter over the taps to protect them from damage and from freezing in the winter. Indeed, even then the water didn't flow through pipes to the houses, but the water-drawers no longer treated the homeowners with muddy water full of filth, but provided them with clear drinking water.
In the description of the city we can't forget the suburbs: Zabramye – to the west, by the Russian Orthodox Church; Surmicze to the east, with three bridges over the Ikva's tributaries and the mighty dam; and Pantaliya – to the north. Semi-rural life flowed in these
The Market
[Pages 33-34]
dub033.jpg
The suburb of Surmicze
suburbs: Jewish blacksmiths flattened iron, Jewish carpenters planed beams, Jewish chimney sweepers walked blackened and jolly from house to house, and gentile farmers harvested the produce of their fields.
There were many boulevards, which were planted with ornamental trees, in the city like: Paninska Boulevard, which is planted with shady linden trees, and Pantaliya Boulevard that passes over the Ikva River, with a vast marshy prairie on both sides, to the modest pleasant Pantaliya grove. Also the slope of Gorbachina Street, west of the city, served as a place for a stroll. On one side of the street stood the walls of the church and the state prison, and on the other side was a wide green plateau, which was lost in the vast horizon. A few kilometers out of the city, on the Zabramye's side, there was an elegant wide green park, Palastini. Inside stood the monument of Czar Alexander III, which commemorated his visit to the city in 1890, during his tour of the southwest region of his kingdom that bordered with Austria.
There were hardly any antiquities in Dubno – there weren't any special buildings, there weren't any monuments or ancient water wells like those that are found in western cities; only the Russian Orthodox Church and the monasteries with the “onion domes” that gave the city an Eastern Slavic color, and the Baroque Polish Catholic Church of “Saint John”.
Most of the city's 19th century buildings were wooden structures, but due to the frequent fires in the city and the primitive fire fighting conditions (they were forced to bring water from the river), the city council forced to build stone houses in the main streets and cover their roofs with tin or tiles.
One and only was the Polish castle, which was called by the Jews “Der Schloss” (the castle), it stood in the heart of city and reminded the horror of the past. During the Russian rule military barracks were built in the castle's courtyards. [75]
November 28, 1879: Covert Goodlove born November 28, 1879, in Rushsylvania, Logan Co., O.[76]
November 1941: Jean Gottleib born November 28, 1880 in Gro?, Mesertsch.
Resided Hamburg. Deportation: from Hamburg, November 1941, Minsk.
Missing. [77]
November 28, 1911: Mary C. Stephenson: Born on March 20, 1837 in Boone County, Missouri. Mary C. died in Pomona, California on May 21, 1907; she was 70.
In 1867 when Mary C. was 29, she married Joseph P. MORRIS, in Callaway County, Missouri. Born on February 29, 1836 in Missouri. Joseph P. died in Pomona, California on November 28, 1911; he was 75. [78]
NOVember 28, 1928 WEDNESDAY
[. . .] Did a bold thing today. Announced that our library would be a library club and that in order to take the books out each child must join the club - paying 5 for library priviledges and complying with certain rules and regulations
1. I will always wash my hands before reading any book
2. I will pay a fine for any damages I am responsible for
3. I will not keep the book out longer than 5 days
In this way, each one will have more of a responsibility[.] I do not wish to make this thing out there a "spoon fed" affair - Then, I thought after a while we could elect officers and hold meetings in which we'd discuss the kind of books "to read" and "not to read.["] Hurrah! `nother happy thought.
The older children seem so anxious for S. S. to begin. Several of them wanted to know if we were going to start a Saturday School. I suppose that pretty soon they'll be wanting to know if we are going to start a Friday School and a Thursday School, etc, etc.
One little kid said I've never been to S. S. - and I'm coming - and so is my mother. [79]
November 28, 1939: A regulation establishing Judenrate in the Generalgouvernement is promulgated.[80]
November 28, 1941
The air echelon of US Marine Fighter Squadron 211 secretly flew 12 F4F-3 fighters from Ewe to Ford Island for further transfer to USS Enterprise. Later on the same day, USS Enterprise set sail for Wake Island. En route, Captain G. D. Murray of the USS Enterprise informed his subordinates that the carrier was now operating under war conditions.[81]
November 28, 1941: Service history
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
USS Enterprise in 1939.
Enterprise was one of fourteen ships to receive the early RCA CXAM-1 Radar.[1] Based first at San Diego (where she was used in the filming of Dive Bomber, starring Errol Flynn and Fred MacMurray) and then at Pearl Harbor after President Roosevelt ordered the Fleet to be "forward based," the carrier and her aircraft squadrons trained intensively and transported aircraft among the island bases of the Pacific. Enterprise left Pearl Harbor on November 28, 1941.[82]
November 28, 1941: The day after this last warning, Task Force 2 - Enterprise's task force - set sail from Oahu, first on an easterly bearing, to throw off any observers on the island. A few hours later, the Task Force turned west. Enterprise prepared to receive two air groups, including her own Fighting Six consisting of eighteen F4F "Wildcat" fighters, and Marine Fighter Squadron 211: twelve Wildcats, to be delivered to Wake Island.
Task Force 2's commander, Vice Admiral William Halsey, knew of the most recent warnings, and to a degree shared by few other officers of his stature, understood them as an immediate threat to the forces under his command. Aboard Enterprise, steaming towards an island 500 miles closer to Japan than Oahu, he was determined his force would not be found unprepared.
The pilots and airmen who came aboard Enterprise the afternoon of November 28, 1941 were under the impression they were on a weekend training mission. Some had brought little more than one might take on an overnight trip: a toothbrush, razor perhaps, and an extra change of clothes. They were surprised, then, to be ordered immediately to the ready rooms, where each man was handed a single sheet of paper.[83]
November 28, 1941: al-Husseini was officially received by Adolf Hitler on November 28.[126] He asked Hitler for a public declaration that 'recognized and sympathized with the Arab struggles for independence and liberation, and that would support the elimination of a national Jewish homeland'.[127] Hitler refused to make such a public announcement, saying that it would strengthen the Gaullists against the Vichy France,[128] but asked al-Husseini to 'to lock ...deep in his heart' the following points, which Christopher Browning summarizes as follows, that
‘Germany has resolved, step by step, to ask one European nation after the other to solve its Jewish problem, and at the proper time, direct a similar appeal to non-European nations as well'. When Germany had defeated Russia and broken through the Caucasus into the Middle East, it would have no further imperial goals of its own and would support Arab liberation... But Hitler did have one goal. "Germany’s objective would then be solely the destruction of the Jewish element residing in the Arab sphere under the protection of British power". (Das deutsche Ziel würde dann lediglich die Vernichtung des im arabischen Raum unter der Protektion der britischen Macht lebenden Judentums sein). In short, Jews were not simply to be driven out of the German sphere but would be hunted down and destroyed even beyond it.’[129][84]
A separate record of the meeting was made by Fritz Grobba, who until recently had been the German ambassor to Iraq. His version of the crucial words reads 'when the hour of Arab liberation comes, Germany has no interest there other than the destruction of the power protecting the Jews".[130] Al-Husseini's own account of this point, as recorded in his diary, is very similar to Grobba's.[131][85]
November 28, 1941: U.S.S. ENTERPRISE
At Sea
November 28, 1941
BATTLE ORDER NUMBER ONE
1. The ENTERPRISE is now operating under war conditions.
2. At any time, day or night, we must be ready for instant
action.
3. Hostile submarines may be encountered.
4. The importance of every officer and man being specially
alert and vigilant while on watch at his battle station
must be fully realized by all hands.
5. The failure of one man to carry out his assigned task
promptly, particularly the lookouts, those manning the
batteries, and all those on watch on the deck, might
result in great loss of life and even loss of the ship.
6. The Captain is confident all hands will prove equal to
any emergency that may develop.
7. It is part of the tradition of our Navy that, when put
to the test, all hands keep cool, keep their heads, and
FIGHT.
8. Steady nerves and stout hearts are needed now.
G. D. MURRAY,
Captain, U.S. Navy
Commanding
Approved: November 28, 1941.
W. F. HALSEY,
Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy,
Commander Aircraft, Battle Force
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Furthermore, the briefing officers announced, the Marine pilots would not be returning to Hawaii that night, as many had expected. Instead, they were being transported to Wake Island, their new station.
The consternation of the men and officers was considerable. Commander William Buckner, Halsey's Operations Officer, confronted Halsey immediately after the briefing: "Goddammit, Admiral, you can't start a private war of your own!" "I'll take [responsibility]. If anything gets in the way, we'll shoot first and argue afterwards," replied Halsey.
Halsey's instructions were to get the Marine pilots and their planes to Wake Island in complete secrecy, and he was determined to take whatever steps were necessary to accomplish the mission. This included destroying any snoopers detected by the force, before they could raise alarm. Having verified that no Allied shipping was expected on his course, Halsey assumed that if any vessels were encountered, they'd probably be Japanese, and they'd probably have hostile intentions. (Though none of the American commanders were aware of this, by 28 November, a powerful Japanese striking force had been at sea for two days, steaming east towards a point well north of Pearl Harbor.) The only chance his small force would have of defending itself, or alerting Pacific Fleet headquarters, would be to seize the initiative and attack before being attacked.[86]
Battle Order Number Two - November 28, 1941 (Read More...)
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U.S.S. ENTERPRISE (CV6)
CV6/A16-3(11-Kz)
At Sea,
November 28, 1941.
BATTLE ORDER NUMBER TWO - 41
Subject: Supervisor - Instructions for.
1. The Supervisor of the Watch will see that the following provisions for action against hostile craft are carried out whenever conditions warrant:
a. Current developments have changed the "challenging" situation to some extent, in that we are now on a war basis and must be ready to open fire without hesitation should suspicious contacts be made.
b. Carrier doctrine - for exercise or for war - still requires use of evasive tactics in all cases of possible hostile contact. ENTERPRISE must not disclose its presence by challenging or opening fire unless we are obviously being sighted or will soon be sighted. Fire emergency identification signal if ENTERPRISE comes under fire or appears in danger of being fired upon and immediately thereafter open fire if the correct answer to challenge is not properly made.
c. If a submarine is encountered at close range immediately turn toward or away, depending on whether she is forward or aft of the beam. Open fire, and if turning toward, attempt to ram the submarine, unless she makes the proper recognition signal. In that case give submarine as wide a berth as possible and have plane guard check on identity.
d. At night, if the plane guard fails to challenge when a contact with any unknown vessel, other than a submarine, is made, ENTERPRISE shall challenge immediately and open fire without delay, unless proper identification is made by the stranger.
2. Until the return of ENTERPRISE to port, the Supervisor, as direct representative of the Captain, will consider all submarine contacts to be hostile vessels and will take immediate necessary action to avoid attack and will order fire to be opened when deemed necessary, without waiting for the Captain's arrival on the bridge.
3. Fire against aircraft, or vessels other than submarines, will not be opened without reference to the Captain, except when it is evident that an actual attack on ENTERPRISE is being made.
(Signed) G. D. MURRAY
Captain, U.S. Navy,
Commanding.
APPROVED, November 28, 1941.
(Signed) W. F. Halsey
Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy,
Commander Aircraft, Battle Force.[87]
U.S.S. ENTERPRISE
November 28, 1941.
MEMORANDUM FOR: SUPERVISORS and DECK WATCH OFFICERS.
Subject: Current information.
1. AIRCRAFT:
a. Readiness:
1. Normal Condition of Readiness of the Air Department is Flight Quarters or Condition III.
2. 4 VF planes in Condition II daylight to sunset.
1 VB plane in Condition II with 2 depth charges loaded.
3. All VF, VB, VS, and VT planes on board are loaded to capacity with free and fixed gun ammunition.
4. Bombs are in ready condition in the magazines.
5. Torpedoes with war heads in ready condition in torpedo storage.
6. Every plane leaving the ship will carry 3 message droppers.
7. Plane sighting submarine will:
a. Zoom it.
b. Drop float light
c. Open fire with machine guns
d. Report position by radio ONLY in case it is evident no surface vessel's attention has been attracted.
2. BATTERY:
a. Readiness: - Fire Control is in Condition of Readiness III, with ready ammunition at the guns as follows:
50 rounds per 5" gun
20 clips - 160 rounds per barrel - 1.1" guns.
1000 rounds per barrel .50 caliber machine guns.
3. RADIO:
a. Ship and aircraft will observe strict radio silence except for contacts. Merchantmen will be reported by aircraft message drops.
b. A watch-in-3, Officer Watch, is being maintained in Radar Plot and the Radar instrument being continuously manned and operated, at prescribed intervals, day and night.
4. SHIP CONTROL
a. Condition of Readiness III.
b. At least once each watch all lookouts will be inspected to ascertain that men are familiar with sectors to be covered and clearly understand that they will not abandon search of their own sector when contacts have been reported in another sector.
c. Control Officers will have their attention brought to the necessity of ascertaining that all battery officers understand their assigned sectors and are familiar with the location of own ships within those sectors.
d. The Officer of the Deck will maintain current familiarity with challenge and recognition signals and require necessary changes to be made at times specified.
e. The Supervisor, Officer of the Deck and Junior Officer of the Deck will keep themselves currently informed of the disposition and the location of ships therein.
5. FLOATING OBJECTS
a. All floating objects whose character is in anyway uncertain should be avoided. Mines may be secured to dummy periscopes, water-logged boats, or to wreckage or to other objects or they may be tethered in pairs to floating objects.
(Signed) T. P. JETER
Commander, U.S. Navy,
Executive Officer.
CC: OOD Order Book
All Officers[88]
November 28, 1943: Rudolf Gottlieb, born November 8, 1880 in Budapest, resided Leipzig. Deportation: from Leipzig, June 18, 1943, Theresienstadt. Date of death: November 28, 1943.[89]
November 28-December 1, 1943: Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin confer in Tehran.[90]
November 28, 1961 JFK goes to Langley, Virginia to dedicate the CIA’s new
headquarters. During the ceremony, he awards outgoing CIA director Allen Dulles the
National Security Medal. Dulles is given the status of a CIA consultant in order to carry out
“historical research” and allowed to keep his bulletproof Cadillac limousine. [91]
November 28, 1973: Upon arrival, Scamp went into a two-month standdown period, followed by more than a month of restricted availability at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. She departed Puget Sound on November 28, conducted weapons system accuracy tests, and returned. [92]
November 28, 1978: In Iran, General Gholam Reza Azhari announced in a broadcast that all processions would be banned in the Shi’ite mourning month of Muharram, starting on December 3. At the same time he promised his governemt planned to abrogate all laws that did not conform to Islamic princi;es and that future laws would be drafted “with the guidance of the great ayatollahs.[93]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fitzroy,_1st_Duke_of_Richmond_and_Somerset
[2] References^ Hutchinson, Robert, House of treason: rise and fall of a Tudor dynasty (London, 2009), pg. 58.
1. ^ Murphy, Beverley, The bastard prince: Henry VIII’s lost son (Stroud, 2004) pg. 25.
2. ^ Lipscomb, Suzannah, 1536: The year that changed Henry VIII (London, 2009) pg. 90.
3. ^ Norton, Elizabeth, Bessie Blount: Mistress to Henry VIII (Stroud, 2011) pg. 137.
4. ^ Weir, Alison, Henry VIII: king and court (London, 2002) pg. 220.
5. ^ Mattingly, Garrett, Catherine of Aragon, pg. 145.
6. ^ Lipscomb, Suzannah, 1536: The year that changed Henry VIII, pg. 91.
7. ^ Norton, Elizabeth, Bessie Blount: mistress to Henry VIII, pg. 121.
8. ^ Norton, Elizabeth, Bessie Blount: mistress to Henry VIII, pg. 181.
9. ^ Murphy, Beverley, The bastard prince: Henry VIII’s lost son, pg. 34.
10. ^ Murphy, Beverley, The bastard prince: Henry VIII’s lost son, pg. 35.
11. ^ Jones, Philippa, The other Tudors, pg. 80.
12. ^ Murphy, Beverley, The bastard prince: Henry VIII’s lost son, pg. 39.
13. ^ Hutchinson, Robert, A Tudor dynasty: The rise and fall of the house of Howard, pg. 59.
14. ^ Murphy, Beverley, The bastard prince: Henry VIII’s lost son, pg. 45.
15. ^ Murphy 2001, 61
16. ^ State Papers Henry VIII, vol. 4 part 4 (1836), 464–5, Magnus to Wolsey February 14, 1527.
17. ^ Scarisbrick, J. J., English Monarchs: Henry VIII, University of California Press
18. ^ Weir, Alison (2000). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3683-4. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
19. ^ Lacey, Robert (1974). The life and times of Henry VIII. Praeger. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
20. ^ Tjernagel, Neelak Serawlook (1965). Henry VIII and the Lutherans: a study in Anglo-Lutheran relations from 1521 to 1547. Concordia Pub. House. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
21. ^ Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1991). England under the Tudors, Volume 4. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-06533-X. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
22. ^ Cawley, Charles (June 3, 2011), English Earls 1067-1122, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved March 2012 ,[better source needed]
23. ^ Cawley, Charles (June 3, 2011), English Kings, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved March 2012 ,[better source needed]
24. ^ Elton 1977, p. 255.
25. ^ Murphy,172–174
26. ^ Gairdner, James, ed., Letters and Papers Foreign and Domestic Henry VIII, vol. 11 (1911), no. 40 & preface
27. ^ Murphy, 174
28. ^ I.e. Mary and Elizabeth, Henry VIII's daughters.
29. ^ Thomas Fuller, The Church History of Britain, III, 232, cited in Murphy, 243.
30. ^ Jones, Philippa., The Other Tudors (London, 2009) Pg. 77
[3] * In the first edition of this Chronological Summary, published in 1839, I mentioned Hardwick among the residences occupied by Mary Stuart ; but it is now proved that she was never there, and it is probably from the old mansion of Chatsworth that all those articles have been brought, which are shown as relics of Mary in the magnificent Hall of Hardwick now belonging to the Duke of Devonshire.
[4] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[5] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[6] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[7] * The draught of this affirmation is preserved in the State Paper
Office at London.
[8] * In the first edition of this Chronological Summary, published in 1839, I mentioned Hardwick among the residences occupied by Mary Stuart ; but it is now proved that she was never there, and it is probably from the old mansion of Chatsworth that all those articles have been brought, which are shown as relics of Mary in the magnificent Hall of Hardwick now belonging to the Duke of Devonshire.
[9] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[10] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[11] * The draught of this affirmation is preserved in the State Paper
Office at London.
[12] See letter from Marj to Mendoça, of Wednesday, the 2Zrd
November, in which she says that the sentence had been announced
to lier on the Saturday preceding, — that is to say, the 19th ; and
in the State Paper Office (Mary Queen of Scots, vol. xx.) the
letter from Paulet to Walsingham, of 21st November, in which he
mentions that Lord Buckhurst had left Fotheringay that same
morning.
[13] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[14] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Dorothea_of_Hanover
[16] The deed in connection with this conveyance is recorded in Deed Book 12, page 50, Orange County Records. [Robert Torrence, Torrence and Allied Families (Philadelphia: Wickersham Press, 1938), 320] .] Chronological Listing of Events In the Lives of Andrew Harrison, Sr. of Essex County, Virginia, Andrew Harrison, Jr. of Essex and Orange Counties, Virginia, Lawrence Harrison, Sr. of Virginia and Pennsylvania Compiled from Secondary Sources Covering the time period of 1640 through 1772 by Daniel Robert Harrison, Milford, Ohio, November, 1998.
[17] . [James Edward Harrison, A comment of the family of ANDREW HARRISON who died in ESSEX COUNTY, VIRGINIA in 1718 (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: privately printed, no date), 52.] .] Chronological Listing of Events In the Lives of Andrew Harrison, Sr. of Essex County, Virginia, Andrew Harrison, Jr. of Essex and Orange Counties, Virginia, Lawrence Harrison, Sr. of Virginia and Pennsylvania Compiled from Secondary Sources Covering the time period of 1640 through 1772 by Daniel Robert Harrison, Milford, Ohio, November, 1998.
[18] Orange County, Virginia, Records, Deeds, Book 12 p. 53
[19] .”Orange County, Virginia, Record~, Deeds, Book 12 p. 51
[20] Orange County, Virginia, Records, Deeds, Book i~, p. 51.
[21] Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg. 319
[22] http://timothyv.tripod.com/index-338.html
[23] http://www.relivinghistoryinc.org/Timeline---Historic-Events.html
[24] August Woringer, “Protocoll der Amtshandlungen, die der Feldprediger G. C. Cöster bei den beiden löblichen Regimentern von Donop and von Lössberg und anderen verrichtet,” Deutsch-amerikanische Geschichtsblätter, XX-XXI (1920-1921), p. 299. James Funkhouser j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
[25] On June 29, 1805, Francis Cutliff, age 61, made a deposition in Winchester in the case of Walter Crockett of Wythe v. Gordon Cloyd and others, O. S. 33: N. S. 11 (Lyman Chalkley, Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish, II: 73. James Funkhouser j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
[26] Fifth Census of the United States, 1830, Virginia, Hampshire County, p. 14A. James Funkhouser j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
[27] Typescript of letter received from Ashley Teets, August 2, 2004. This letter has circulated in the Godlove family for years. I do not know if the original exists. James Funkhouser j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
[28] Jim Funkhouser
[29] The Long Knives, 1998. HISTI.
[30] Philadelphia, Art Color Card Destributors.
[31] http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/paboundary.html
[32] In 1767, Washington suggested to his agent William Crawford that Crawford “evade” Pennsylvania’s law by a device of registering an illicitly large tract of land in small parcels; this to be done with the connivance of “an Acquaintance of mine” in the land office. Bernhard Knollenberg has found that Washington also “infringed” Virginia law; seizing lands to which he was not entitled, surveying them illicitly through a man unqualified by law who laid them out in violation of legal stipulations as to size and location, and all to the detriment of Washington’s Virginia comrades in arms for whom these lands had been intended “The more he got of the allotted 200,000 acres, the less was available for the enlisted men to whom it was promised.” Washington to Wm. Crawford, 21 Sept. 1767, in The Writings of George Washington, ed. John C. Fitzpatrick, ~ vols. (Washington, D.C., 1931—44) 2:468; Bernhard Knollenberg, George Washington: The Virginia Period, 1732—1775 (Durham, N.C., 1964), 93— 100, quotation at p. 99.
In 1769, Washington tried again to get larger shares of the bounty lands by arguing with Governor Botetourt that only men who had served under Washington (as well as Washington himself) were entitled to bounty lands under Dinwiddie’s earlier proclamation, excluding Virginians who had served under other officers at other times. Writings, ed. Fitzpatrick, 2:528—32.
Dinwiddie’s proclamation of bounty lands, dated 19 Feb. 1754, became the key document of a partnership between Washington and Colonel George Mercer. “We will leave no Stone unturned to secure to ourselves this land,” wrote Mercer to Washington, 16 Sept. 1759. To prove it, he changed the wording of Dinwiddie’s proclamation from granting land “For Encouraging Men to enlist” to “For Encouraging Persons to Enter into his Majesty’s Service,” which had the effect of squeezing officers into eligibility for grants. And Mercer made the proclamation say that lands would be proportioned according to recommendations of “their superior officers,” which meant Washington above all. Washington won official approval of this in 1769, and lands were parceled out in 1773. Washington’s “proportion” was 20,147 acres, Mercer’s 13,532 acres.
The unique copy of Dinwiddie’s proclamation as changed by Mercer is in the collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon. It was printed with an explanatory introduction by Willis Van Devanter in The Virginia Soldiers’ Claim to Western Lands Adjacent to Fort Pitt (New York:
Privately printed at Spiral Press, 1966), short, unpaged.
[33] . Journal of Washington, 13, 10. Identification of Mingos in Hunter, Forts, 27n.
[34] Empire of Fortune by Francis Jennings, pgs. 62-63
[35] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne, page 20.
[36] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[37] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[38] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[39]The source is Monroe, Autobiography (Syracuse, 1959), 24., Washington’s Crossing, David Hackett Fischer pg. 381
[40] The Horn Papers, Early Westward Movement on the Monongahela and Upper Ohio 1765-1795 by W.F. Horn Published for a Committee of the Greene County Historical Society, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania by the Hagstrom Company, New York, N.Y. 1945
Ref. 33.92 Conrad and Caty by Gary Goodlove 2003
[41] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003
[42] The Northern Light, Vol 9 No. 3 June 1978: U.S. Army’s Only link with Troops of the Revolution, by J. Fairbairn Smith page 8.
[43] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/k/e/c/Robert-Keck-Pa/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0711.html
[44] http://exhibits.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/athome/1700/timeline/index.html
[45] The New England Primer. 1784 ed.
[46] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.
[47] See also
•Treaty of Holston
•List of Choctaw Treaties
•Treaty of Mount Dexter
•Treaty of Fort St. Stephens
•Treaty of Doak's Stand
•Treaty of Washington City
•Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek
•List of treaties
References
1. ^ Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties (Text of the 1785 Cherokee Treaty).
[48] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hopewell
[49] http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Treaties/TreatyWithTheCherokee1785.html
[50] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 29
[51] II Revolutionary Soldiers, Virginia, State Library, Richmond, Va.
Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 329
[52] http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/IMPERIAL_GUARD_infantry_1.htm
[53] http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/IMPERIAL_GUARD_infantry_1.htm
[54] http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/werneck_synagoge.htm
[55] II Revolutionary Soldiers, Virginia, State Library, Richmond, Va.
Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 329
[56] http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/IMPERIAL_GUARD_infantry_1.htm
[57] http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/IMPERIAL_GUARD_infantry_1.htm
[58] http://www.wnpt.org/productions/rachel/timeline/1791_1811.html
[59] Wikipedia
[60] From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, p, 252.
[61] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[62] (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pge. 454.21)
[63] http://harrisonfamilytree.blogspot.com/
[64] http://www.mobile96.com/cw1/Vicksburg/TFA/24Iowa-1.html
[65] http://www.whitsett-wall.com/Documents/James%20Simeon%20Whitsett,%20Civil%20War%20Guerrilla.pdf
[66] History of Logan County and Ohio, O.L. Basking & Co., Chicago, 1880. page 692.
[67] (A History of the 24th Iowa Infantry 1862-1865 by Harvey H. Kimble Jr. August 1974. page 160)
[68] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[69] http://penningtons.tripod.com/jepthagenealogy.htm
[70] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[71] Linda Peterson Archive, June 12, 2011.
[72] http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/technique/gun-timeline/
[73] http://www.twoop.com/medicine/archives/2005/10/bubonic_plague.html
[74] http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Gottlober_Avraham_Ber
[75] Translator's Footnotes
1.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZC10QzlTHGk Return
2.According to book “Dubno Rabati” [>Dubno the Great] by Rabbi Hayim Zev Margaliyot, Warsaw 5670 (1910), with small variations. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0LI8_EsE2w Return
3.Etz Hayim (pl. Etzi Hayim) - tree of life - one of two wooden handles of a Torah scroll. Return
4.Yad (pl.Yadin) – hand - a ritual pointer, used to point to the text during the Torah reading. Return
5.Parochet (pl. Parochot) – ornamental curtain covering the front of the Holy Ark. Return
6.Kaporet (pl. Kaporot) – covering of the Holy Ark. Return
7.Shabbat Mevarchim - “Sabbath of Blessing” - the Shabbat on which the forthcoming new month is blessed. Return
8.“Kazapim” - Ukrainian derogatory name for the Russians. Return
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[76] History of Logan County, Ohio. 1880 pp.691-692
http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Logan/LoganRushCreek.htm
[77] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[2] Memorial Book: Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National socialist Oppression in Germany, 1933-1945. Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).
[78] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[79] http://www.wvculture.org/hiStory/journal_wvh/wvh53-5.html
[80] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1762.
[81] http://www.theussenterprise.com/battles.html
[82] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)
[83] http://www.cv6.org/1941/btlord1/btlord1.htm
[84] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini
[85] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini
[86] http://www.cv6.org/1941/btlord1/btlord1.htm
[87] http://www.cv6.org/ship/logs/btlord2-19411128.htm
[88] http://www.cv6.org/ship/logs/memorandum-19411128.htm
[89] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[90] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1778.
[91] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[92] This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.Skipjack-class submarine:
•Skipjack
•Scamp
•Scorpion
•Sculpin
•Shark
•Snook
[93] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 503
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