This Day in Goodlove History, October 19, 2014

11,892 names…11,892 stories…11,892 memories…
This Day in Goodlove History, October 19, 2014

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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.

The Goodlove Family History Website:

http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html

The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

• • Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.





Wayne R. Bickel (1st cousin 1x removed)

OWEN Crawford (3rd cousin 5x removed)l

Isaac S. Godlove

Michelle A. Lage 5th great grandniece of the wife of the 3rd great granduncle)

Linda L. Lewis (half 7th cousin)

Hugh Stephenson (half 3rd cousin 5x removed)

Douglas J. Walz (2nd cousin)

October 19, 202: War with Hannibal, the Battle of Zama

Now deserted by her allies and surrounded by a veteran and undefeated Roman army, Carthage began opening diplomatic channels for negotiation. At the same time, Hannibal Barca and his army were recalled to Carthage, and despite the moderate terms offered to Carthage by Scipio, Carthage suddenly suspended negotiations and again prepared for war. The army that Hannibal returned with is a subject of much debate. Advocates for Hannibal often claim that his army was mostly Italians pressed into service from southern Italy and that most of his elite veterans (and certainly cavalry) were spent. Scipio's advocates tend to be far more suspicious and believe the number of veteran forces to remain significant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus174.png/300px-Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus174.png

http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png

Meeting of Hannibal and Scipio at Zama.

Hannibal did have a trained pool of soldiers who had fought in Italy, as well as eighty war elephants. Hannibal could boast a strength of around forty thousand: 36,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry, compared to Scipio's 29,000 infantry and 6,100 cavalry.[14] The two generals met on a plain between Carthage and Utica on October 19, 202 BC, at the Battle of Zama. Despite mutual admiration, negotiations floundered due largely to Roman distrust of the Carthaginians as a result of the Carthaginian attack on Saguntum, the breach of protocols which ended the First Punic War (known as Punic Faith), and a perceived breach in contemporary military etiquette due to Hannibal's numerous ambushes.

Hannibal arranged his infantry in three phalangial lines designed to overlap the Roman lines. His strategy, so oft reliant upon subtle stratagems, was simple: a massive forward attack by the war elephants would create gaps in the Roman lines, which would be exploited by the infantry, supported by the cavalry.

Rather than arranging his forces in the traditional manipular lines, which put the hastati, principes, and triarii in succeeding lines parallel to the enemy's line, Scipio instead put the maniples in lines perpendicular to the enemy, a stratagem designed to counter the war elephants. When the Carthaginian elephants charged, they found well laid traps before the Roman position and were greeted by Roman trumpeters, which drove many back out of confusion and fear. In addition, many elephants were goaded harmlessly through the loose ranks by the velites and other skirmishers. Roman javelins were used to good effect, and the sharp traps caused further disorder among the elephants. Many of them were so distraught that they charged back into their own lines. The Roman infantry was greatly rattled by the elephants, but Massinissa's Numidian and Laelius' Roman cavalry began to drive the opposing cavalry off the field. Both cavalry commanders pursued their routing Carthaginian counterparts, leaving the Carthaginian and Roman infantries to engage one another. The resulting infantry clash was fierce and bloody, with neither side achieving local superiority. The Roman infantry had driven off the two front lines of the Carthaginian army, and in the respite took an opportunity to drink water. The Roman army was then drawn up in one long line (as opposed to the traditional three lines) in order to match the length of Hannibal's line. Scipio's army then marched towards Hannibal's veterans, who had not yet taken part in the battle. The final struggle was bitter and won only when the allied cavalry rallied and returned to the battle field. Charging the rear of Hannibal's army, they caused what many historians have called the "Roman Cannae".

Many Roman aristocrats, especially Cato, expected Scipio to raze that city to the ground after his victory. However, Scipio dictated extremely moderate terms in contrast to an immoderate Roman Senate. While the security of Rome was guaranteed by demands such as the surrender of the fleet, and a lasting tribute was to be paid, the strictures were sufficiently light for Carthage to regain its full prosperity.[5] With Scipio's consent, Hannibal was allowed to become the civic leader of Carthage, which the Cato family did not forget. In contrast to his moderation towards the Carthaginians, he was cruel towards Roman and Latin deserters: the Latins were beheaded and the Romans crucified.[1]

First and Second millennium B.C.

A contour map of gene frequencies indicates in Greece, southern Italy and westurn Turkey probably shows the expansion fo Greek peoples in the first and second millennium BC. [2]

200 BCE: The Laws of Manu formalize Hindu doctrine in India.[3]

200 BCE: Jerusalem suffers considerable damage as a scene of conflict between Ptolemaic and Seleucid forces. To gain favor, Antiochus III reduces taxes and plans for rebuilding the Temble. The restoration earns the high priest Simon the plaudits of Jesus ben Sira, the Apocrypha author.[4]

200 BCE: Antiochus III endows Judea with political privileges as an “ethnos” and at the same time demands Jews’ obedience to their ancestral law, the Torah. The charter Antiochus III issues provides that the Jewish council of elders, the gerousia, continue to govern. To ensure that the Temple functions properly, Antiovchus III grants a substantial subvention for animal, incense, and other offerings and safeguards ritual purity by excluding tainted animals from Jerusalem and prohibiting aliens and impure Jews from the Temple’s inner court.[5]

200 BCE

Judean inflation is dissolved by the Seleucids. A class of Jewish entrepreneurs forms a nouveah riche class, provoking resentment ( such as one finds in the Book of Ecclesiates and the Wisdom of Ben Sira) by less successful Judeans. Foreign slaves abound; occasionally Judeans will emancipate them.[6]

200 BCE: The popular story of Bel and the Dragon, which is preserved only in Greek, reflects Jewish disdain of the surrounding paganism. Daniel, the Jewish hero of faith, refuses a royal order to bow to a statue of the Babylonian god, Bel. Using a stratagem anticipating a famous rabbinic legend about Abraham, Daniel sprinkles ashes in front of the statue and proves by telltale footprints that it it is the priests and not the god who eat the food offerings laid before it. Although angry pagans throw Daniel in a lions’ den, he is miraculously untouched and is served kosher (Judean) food by the prophet Habakkuk.[7]

200 BCE: Jews incorporate motifs from manyu pagan myths in developing their own biblical interpretation (midrash). Borrowing from the Greeks, Jews Elaborate the Tower of Babel story (Benesis 11) to tell that the builders were giants who survived the Flood and who meant to ascend to heaven by the tower. A version of this Hellenistic midrash appears in later rabbinic literature; God blows the tower over by wind and the Babylonian plan to avenge the Flood is foiled.[8]

200 BCE: e first part of the present book of 1 Enoch is assembled. The author, who sees himself as a prophet touringf the world from heavcen to trhe underworld, attributes evil to human rebelliousness and to the primeval rebellion of some angels. Good angels bring the biblical Flood to rid the world of corruption.[9]

200 BCE: From around 200 BCE some Jews read Adonai (My Lord) for YHWH, a practice that continues to this day. According to the Mishnah (200 CE), YHWH is pronounced only by the high priest in the Temple’s Holy of Holies on the Day of Atonement.

200 BCE: Starting in 200 BCE the Nabateans spent nearly 400 years carving a spectacular city into three square miles of rock before suddenly disappearing. They left nearly no written records. Their identity has been shrouded in mystery. Clues in the Bible and local traditions indicate that they shared customs with the ancient Israelites and that they may even be related to Moses. [10]

200 BCE: The earliest evidence for permanent camps is consistent with the Hopewellian occupation of the Ohio valley. Five groups of mounds have been documented in the dunes area. These mounds would be consistent with the period of 200 BCE (Goodall Focus) to 800 CE (early Mississippian).[1] The advent of European exploration and trade introduced more changes to the human environment. Tribal animosities and traditional European competition affected tribal relations. Entire populations began moving westward, while others sought to dominate large geographic trading areas. Once again the dunes became a middle point on a journey from the east or the west. It continued to remain a key hunting ground for villages over a wide area.[11]

200 B.C.: Knitting invented.[12]



[13]

200 to 100 B.C.: Female Effigy, Chupicuaro, Guanajuato or Michoacan, Mexico, Terracotta and pigmented slip.

100_3873



200 B.C. to 100 A.D.Early to Middle Woodland, Decorative Category: Incised over Cordmarked. Tempered with: Grit, Crushed stone. Found on: Henschel farm.[14]

[15]

200 B.C. to 200 A.D.: Shell and Stone Jewelry, Colima or Jalisco, Mexicico. Figures and jewelry made of spondylus (spiny oyster) shell developed as a specialization in what are today the Mexican states of Colima and Jalisco. Like greenstone, jade, and colorful feathers, this bright orandge shell was a luxury item sought by maritime merchants from Ecuador and Central America, who found it in warm Pacific waters as far north as the West Mexican coast. As emblems of authority and status, exotic shell materials were displayed by rulers during ceremonial events. Spondylus shell jerelry carved with symbolic designs found in West Mexican tombs indicateds the high esteem in which this valued material was held.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/19/Indiana_Dunes_Arcahic_Points_%28INDU%29_-.JPG/200px-Indiana_Dunes_Arcahic_Points_%28INDU%29_-.JPG

1300–200 BC or 200 BC –AD 200: F: Indiana Dunes: Dehli Barbed (Late Archaic- Early Woodland) or Affinis Snyders (Middle Woodland).[16]



[17]

200 B.C. to 300 A.D. Funerary Check Piercing Ritual. Nayarit, Ixtlan del Rio, Nayarit, Mexico.Ceramic and pigment.

198 BCE Ptolemy V’s efforts to hold on to parts of Palestine fail, and Antiochus III, the clear victor of the Fifth Syrian War, extends his dominion up to the border with Egypt.[18]

198 BCE: In 198 BCE the Seleucids displaced the Ptolemies as rulers of Jjudea. Theis would lead to greater tension between the Jews and the Greeks. [19]

197 BCE 11/1/2011

The Romans assist Greek cities in the Aegean to thwart the aggression of Philip V of Macedon, ally of Antiochus III. Rome assumes control of Philip- V’s holdings outside Macedon.[20]

197 BCE

Antiochus III settles groups of Jews in northern sites, such as Carduchi (Kurdistan), to help maintain peace. Jews, who are encouraged to practice their traditional law, show allegiance to the Seleucid regime and serve reliably as troops.[21]

196 B.C.E.

scan0003

The Rosetta Stone, a black basalt slab inscribed in 196 B.C.E. and discovered by a French engineer nearly 2,000 years later, held the key to the mysteries of Egytian hieroglyphics and, therefore, to Egyptian history during the Biblical period.[22]

195 BCE

With Carthage long subdued, Rome sends Cato to Spain to suppress rebellion there.[23]

195 BCE

Antiochus III and Seleucus IV promulgate decrees, preserved on the Hefzibah Inscription, protecting Jewish citizens frtom trespasses by the Seleucid army.[24]

190 BCE

The Roman army, having broken its alliance with Antiochus III in 193 BC, defeats him at Magnesia.[25]

190 BCE

Jesus ben Sira, a learned scribe, composes a proverbial wisdom book, stressing Jewish piety and praisinhg the heroes of Israel’s past. For him traditional religious wisdom (Torah as much as secular knowledge is the mark of culture. He writes admiringly of Aaron and other priestr, ending with an encomium for Simon II the Just. Like Simon as cited in the rabbinic Ethics of the Fathers, Ben Sira calls for gracious acts (hesed) among people. This Hebrew work will be translated into Greek by Ben Sira’s grandson in 135 BCE; no complete Hebrew version will survive, but the Christian church will preserve it in Greek.[26]

188 BCE

At Apamea Antiochus III submits to Rome, surrendering his son, later to be known as Antiochus IV Epiphenes, as a hostage and paying enormous tribute.[27]

187 BCE

In order to pay the tribute he owes Rome, Antiochus III attempts to plunder a temple treasury in Elam (modern Iran), but he is killed there. He is succeeded by his firstborn, Seleucus IV Philopator.[28]

185-175 BC: Onias III, son of Simon, 185-175 BC, murdered 170 BC.[29]

180 BCE

Seleucus IV sneds an official, Heliodorus, to reappropriate surplus funds (provided by the king) from the Jerusalem Temple treasury. The high priest Onias III (190-174 BCE), who favors the Ptolemies and fears antagonizing the local aristocracy, refuses.[30]

180 BCE

Worship in the Jerusalem Temple comprises an animal offering and libations made by priests and psalm singing by the Levites. In response the people bow down, then recite benedictions and a communal prayer for the well-being of Israel and the city of Jerusalem. This brief prayer will be developed into the center of Jewish liturgy after the destruction of the Temple (70 CE), the Tefillah (prayer) or Amidah (said while standing). The priests conclude by giving the prostrate people the threefold divine blessing Numbers 6:23-26.[31]

177 BCE

Antiochus IV Epiphanes is released by Rome; he settles in Athens.[32]

176 BCE

Seleucus IV is assassinated by his officer, Heliodorus, who is blocked from seizing power by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Selecus IVC’s brother and ultimately his successor (176-164 BCE).[33]

176 BCE

Jerusalem high priest Onias III travels to Antioch to account for his refusal of funds to Seleucus IV.[34]

175 BCE

Antiochus IV extends citizenship to all inhabitants of the Seleucid Empire who take on a Greek life-style, an offer that appeals to increasing numbers of Jews. Some surgically undo their circumcision in order to play in the gymnasium games.[35]



175 BCE

The Book of Jubilees is composed in Hebrew, it is ascrtibed to an angelic revelation to Moses. The book elaborates the narratives of Genesis and Exodus, injecting its own, more puritanical morals. On the one hand, it attests to later rabbinic practices suchy as the grace after meals. On the other, its prohibition of marital intercourse on the Sabbath, which is reflected later among the Samaritans and Karaites, will be opposed by the rabbis. Concerned with establishing chronology, Jubilees divides history into septennial periods and uses a solar calendar instead of the Bible’s lunar one. The book and solar calendar will find a place withing the Sead Sea sect. The complete text survives only in an Ethiopic version.

The Book of Jubilees reflects the type of scriptural interpretation (midrash) that would come to chjaracterize rabbinic exegesis. For example, the Bible (Genesis 4) does not describe the slaying of Abel by Cain in detail. Jubilees holds the murder weapon was a stone, since metal implements were first made by Cain’s descendant Tubal-Cain, says Jubilees, was slain by stone, when his house collapsed on him. Midrash typically fleshes out scripture by filling in gaps, resolving inconsistencies, and tying up loose ends.[36]

175-172 BC Jason, son of Simon[37]: The Jewish priest Jason is said to have PURCHASED THE POSITION OF HIGH PRIEST FROM Antiochus IV along with the right to convert Jerusalem into a Greek polis. Three years later, another priest, Menclaus, imitated Jason and tried to buy the office of high priest for himself, thereby supplanting Jason. Even worse, Menelaus plundered the Temple treasury to come up with the cash for his bribe. As often happens when the leaders of a people turn against one another, those outside the fray showed no mercy. Despite the brides of Jason and Menelaus, Antiochus massacred, pillaged, and sacked parts of Jerusalem.[38]

175: BCE: Tensions escalated after the Seleucids of Syria, now under the thumb of Rome, wrested control of Judea from the Ptolemies. Installed by Rome in 175 BCE, Antiochus IV “Epiphanes” (the Illustrious) moved to further secularize Judea.

175 BCE: In 175 BCE the Seleucid emperor appointed a new Jewish high priest, Jason, who in turn agreed to let Jerusalem become a polis, or Greek city. This allowed Greek laws and customs to replace Jewish ones. Gradually this led to a division among the Jews. Some, particularly in the wealthier classes, enthusiastically embraced Hellenism. There are stories of Jews who had their circumcisions undone through a painful surgical procedure so that they could become Greek citizens. Other Jews were appalled at Greek practices, many of which were antithetical to the values of the Torah, and they began to oppose the spread of Hellenistic culture in Judea.[39]

Eventually, the Seleucid emperor Antiochus IV Epiphanes imposed harch new restrictions on the residents of Jerusalem. He forbade jews to observe the Sabvbath or perform circumsicions, and he erected a statue of himself in the Temple.[40]

175 BCE: The Bene Israel, or “Sons of Israel,” is India’s best-known Jewish community. Numbering about four thousand and concentrated mostly in Thane near Mumbai, the Bene Israel claim to be related to the ancient Israelites, but they fiercely reject being called Jews, because they believe they are not descendants of Judeans. According to tribal legend, they are Galilean descendants of the northern tribes from the Israelite territory north of Samaria who escaped Palestine during the reign of the Greek tirant Antiochus, around 175 BCE. They are said to have fled to Egypt, where they boarded a ship bound to India; the ship never made it. All of their possessions, including their Torahs and prayer books, were supposedly lost at sea, and only seven shipwrecked couples managed to swim to safety.

As in the case of the Buba, DNA studies found the Cohen Modal Haplotype was very prominent. “This is the first concrete proof that exiles from Palestine made it as far as India and managed to maintain Judaism in the sea of Hinduism and Islam. [41]

October 19, 1568: The Duke of Norfolk states that the Queen of England requires two deputies from each side to be sent to her, in order to give her various explanations. [42]



October 19, 1735: John Adams, Jr., the eldest of two brothers, was born on October 30, 1735 (October 19, 1735 by the Old Style, Julian calendar), in Braintree, Massachusetts, to John and Susanna Boylston Adams. The location of Adams's birth became part of Quincy, Massachusetts in 1792 and is now part of Adams National Historical Park. His father, also named John (1690–1761), was a fourth-generation descendant of Henry Adams, who immigrated from Barton St David, Somerset, England, to Massachusetts Bay Colony in about 1636, from a Welsh male line called Ap Adam. His father was a farmer, a Congregationalist (that is, Puritan) deacon, a lieutenant in the militia and a selectman, or town councilman, who supervised schools and roads. His mother, Susanna Boylston Adams,[2] was a descendant of the Boylstons of Brookline.

Adams was born to a modest family, but he felt acutely the responsibility of living up to his family heritage: the founding generation of Puritans, who came to the American wilderness in the 1630s and established colonial presence in America. The Puritans of the great migration “believed they lived in the Bible. England under the Stuarts was Egypt; they were Israel fleeing …to establish a refuge for godliness, a city upon a hill.” By the time of John Adams's birth in 1735, Puritan dogma such as predestination no longer convinced many people, and many of their stricter practices had mellowed with time, but John Adams “considered them bearers of freedom, a cause that still had a holy urgency.” It was a value system he believed in, and a heroic model he wished to live up to.

Young Adams went to Harvard College at age sixteen (in 1751). His father expected him to become a minister, but Adams had doubts. After graduating in 1755, he taught school for a few years in Worcester, allowing himself time to think about his career choice. After much reflection, he decided to become a lawyer and studied law in the office of James Putnam, a prominent lawyer in Worcester. In 1758, Adams was admitted to the bar. From an early age, he developed the habit of writing descriptions of events and impressions of men which are scattered through his diary. He put the skill to good use as a lawyer, often recording cases he observed so that he could study and reflect upon them. His report of the 1761 argument of James Otis in the superior court of Massachusetts as to the legality of Writs of Assistance is a good example. Otis’s argument inspired Adams with zeal for the cause of the American colonies.

In 1764, Adams married Abigail Smith (1744–1818), the daughter of a Congregational minister, Rev. William Smith, at Weymouth, Massachusetts. Their children were Abigail (1765–1813), future president John Quincy (1767–1848), Susanna (1768–1770); Charles (1770–1800), Thomas Boylston (1772–1832), and the stillborn Elizabeth (1775).

Adams was not a popular leader like his second cousin, Samuel Adams. Instead, his influence emerged through his work as a constitutional lawyer and his intense analysis of historical examples, together with his thorough knowledge of the law and his dedication to the principles of republicanism. Adams often found his inborn contentiousness to be a constraint in his political career. [43]


October 19, 1749: -- George Gotlieb appeared before the Council Chamber and took the oath of loyalty to King George II and was also sworn to the number of persons in his family and to their ages. (Unfortunately, the Council Minutes do not include the names and ages). Council ordered the Deputy Secretary to make out a warrant to the Surveyor General to measure and lay out to George Gotlieb 150 acres of land and that the Commisary pay the bounty for two. (From: South Carolina Council Journal. Vol. 17, Part 2, page 338 A., South Carolina Dept. of Archives & Hist., Columbia, South Carolina.)[44]


1749-1750

. The Bullskin Creek offered attractions for the following named persons, who were settling in that section, and the Washingtonn surveys, embraced them. Henry Bradshaw, Lawrence Washington, Marquis Calmes, the Justice; Richard Stephenson, Wm. Davis; G. W. Fairfax; Joshua Haynes, George Johnston (in another tract he is mentioned as Capt. George Johnston) Thos. Lofton, & Dr. James McCormick are mentioned as “abutting owners” to…



The settlers received land grants from Lord Fairfax and the Commonwealth of Virginia and were bought or leased lands from distant holders of grants. Lord Fairfax hired George Washington and others to survey his land. [45]



1750: Frederick Town, VA was granted a charter by the House of Burgesses and the name of the town was changed to Winchester.

Lord Fairfax began issuing land grants and decisions began that in many cases caused early settlers to be evicted from lands that had been granted to them by the Virginia Colony.

George Washington encouraged his older half brother to purchase fertile land in this area, and they began purchasing many acres via land grants from Lord Fairfax. George bought his first lands at Bullskin (2314 acres) in today’s Jefferson County. The Washington family was from the wealthy Tidewater plantation area where more tobacco growers were often looking for new land. [46]

1750: Ste. Genevieve was established on the west side of the Mississippi River by settlers from Kaskaskia and Cahokia.[47]





1750

Tuesday, June 27, 2006 (15)






The Isle of Skye, home of the McKinnon’s as photographed in 2000 by Kelly Goodlove.





The Isle of Skye[48], off the coast of Scotland produces men who place duty before personal inclinations.



Such a man was Lord Michael McKinnon, native of the island. He trained his children to adhere to their ideas and sacrifice everything to duty. Early in (1770?) two of his sons, Daniel and Joseph, came to America. Daniel, a high Episcopal preacher to George IV of England, was sent by the crown to the church at Philadelphia.



He was a man of decided opinions and did not fit in well with the growing tendency in the colonies to question the crown's authority. He was a staunch royalist and preached his convictions from the pulpit. His belief, however, did not prevent his marriage to Miss Polly Dawson, a lovely colonial girl, who was a member of an ardent Whig family.[49]



1750

Another, seemingly more believable report is that Daniel and Ruth came to Maryland from Scotland about 1750. [50]













1750-1753



The Reverend Daniel McKinnon was licensed to preach by the Bishop of London in 1768. He is known to have acted as a missionary as early as 1750-1753. A letter was sent by the compiler to the present Lord Bishop of London, asking for an explanation of this fact. His reply stated that whereas it was not customary to send young men to America prior to being ordained, there has been exceptions. Without quoting from the records in the case of Daniel McKinnon, "which are difficult to locate at this date," there was an example given on the well-known Rev. Charles Inglis, D.D., who, in 1787, became the English Colonial Bishop. He was in America as a young man, acted as a lay catechist and teacher. In 1758, he returned to England and received ordination.[51]



1750

Richard Challoner’s first revision of Rheims Bible.[52]



1750

By 1750, out of 2,500 Jews in the American Colonies, the majority was Ashkenazi. They were Yiddish-speaking Jews from Holland, Germany, Poland and England. The first Jews were merchants and traders. Since then, Ashkenazi Jews have built up communities throughout the United States.[53] In the 1750s, Jews settled in Easton, Shaefferstown, and the area around Fort Duquesne, soon renamed Pittsburgh. Most immigrants to colonial America were young unmarried men, and the same held true for Jews. Some Jews from central Europe could converse with Germans who settled in the middle and western part of the state. [54]

1750

Conrad Guetleib born 1750. Birthplace Pennsylvania.[55]

Burnt Cabins. In 1750 the PA provincial government sent troops to the frontier to destroy cabins being built by settlers. This action was to satisfy an Indian complaint of settlers infringing on their territory. The cabins in question were in Fulton County. As mentioned elsewhere in this glossary, log cabins are easily replaced and squatters proved difficult to control. Burnt Cabins, PA is near Exit 180 on the PA Turnpike.

Description: http://www.thelittlelist.net/burntcabins.jpg

Burnt Cabins. US 522 .2 miles west of Burnt Cabins in Fulton County near the Huntingdon County line. Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged photo

"Early settlers' cabins in this vicinity were burned by Provincial forces, 1750, to satisfy Indian protests against white trespassers on their lands. The name is a relic of troubled days on the Pennsylvania frontier.

"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission."[56]

1750: The first Kentucky rifles were manufactured on the American frontier.[57]

1750: The Ohio Company was granted the right to a vast quantity of land along the Ohio if they could settle it. They built a storehouse at the mouth of Wills Creek circa 1750[58] as a base of operations.[59]



October 19, 1770. Dined at Col. Croghans abt. 4 Miles from Pittsburg & returnd.



October 19th, 1770: This day’s entry in the second diary notes that GW “Recd. A Message from Col. Croghan that the White Mingo & other Chiefs of the 6 Nations had something to say to me, & desiring that I woud be at his House abt. 1 1. (Where they were to meet) I went up and receivd a Speech with a String of wampum from the White Mingo to the following effect.

“That as I was a Person who some of them remember to have seen when I was sent on an Embassy to the French, and most of them had heard of: they were come to bid me welcome to the Country, and to desire that the People of Virginia woud consider them as friends & Brothers linked together in one chain—that I wd. Inform the Governor, that it was their wish to live in peace and harmy, with the white People, & that tho their had been some unhappy differences between them and the People upon our Froniers, it was all made up, and they hopd forgotten; and concluded with saying, that, their Brothers of Virginia did not come among them and Trade as the Inhabitants of the other Provences did, from whence they were aifraid that we did not look upon them with so friendly an Eye as they coud wish.

“To this I answerd (after thanking them for their friendly welcome) that all the Injuries & Affronts that had passd on either side was not totally forgotten, and that I was sure nothing was more wishd and desird by the People of Virginia than to live in the strictest friendship with them. That the Virginians were a People not so much engagd in Trade as the Pensylvanians, &ca., wch. was the Reason of their not being so frequently among them; but that it was possible they might for the time to come have stricter connections with them, and that I woud acquaint the Govr. with their desires.”

The White Mingo (Conengayote) was a Six Nations chief of some importance in this area.

The second diary entry for this day also notes that “After dining at Cob. Croghan we returnd to Pittsburg—Colo. Croghan with us, who intended to accompany us part of the Way down the River, having engaged an Indian calld the Pheasant & one Joseph Nicholson an Interpreter to attend us the whole Voyage. Also a young Indn. Warrior.” The Pheasant had attended the Indian congress at Fort Stanwix in 1768 with a delegation of i6 warriors. He may have been an Oneida. GW paid the Pheasant and the young warrior £io 13s. for their services on the trip to the Ohio [60]



October 19, 1772

In consequence of orders from General Gage, the garrison are preparing to depart. They have begun to destroy the fortress. This is matter of surprise & grief to the people around, who have requested that the fortress may stand, as a place of security to them, in case in Indian invasion. I asked one of the officers, the reason of their destroying a Fort, so necessary to the safety of the frontiers? He replied, “The Americans will not submit to the british Parliament, and they may now defend themselves.”

Last Week, Mr. Frisbie & Mr. Plummer & myself rode to Col. Croghern’s to dine. Afternoon called on Major Ward.Mentioned to the Col. The affair of the war belt. He has, I find, the ill will of the people in this quarter, principally on account of his claims to great tracts of land, which others claim.

Reports have arrived of several whites being murdered by the Indians, down the Ohio.[61]

October 19, 1777: Rested this Day after Pitching our tents untill ten oClock in the Evening. Then both officers and Soldiers went to work and workt all night on our fort, as we Expected an attack that night or in the morning. This Day there was a heavy Cannonading on fort mifflin.[62][63]

August 21 - October 19, 1778: Siege of Pondicherry -

October 19, 1778:

Head Quarters Monday Octr 19th 1778 Fort Mclntosh 11[64]

Brigade Orders

The Col° Commad* is Sorry to observe that Some of the New

Guards & fatigues were Very Slow In running out. to the Grand

Parade this morning And wishes in future every man who Regards

His Country will Consider himself interested in Finishing

the business of the Campaign with the Greatest Dispatch

And he Does Expect that all Guards & Fatigues will be on the

Grand Parade At Eight OClock each morning

Daniel Broadhead 12[65][66]

October 19, 1780: Battle of Klock's Field[67] -



October 19, 1781: But now, desperate as our affairs seemed in the west, the

star of hope had risen in the east. The power of England was

broken. The battle of Yorktown had been fought-October 19,

1781-peace between the colonies and mother country was at

hand,"52 and the old warrior thought the time propitious to lay

aside the sword, and return to the bosom of his family. As a

soldier of the Revolution, Crawford had now served his country

six years, and sought retirement. Though placed on the retired

list, he would still hold his commission, and stand ready to re-

spond to the calls of his country whenever and wherever his

services might really be needed. The exposed condition of the

frontier settlements was ever before him, nor could he turn a

deaf ear to the cries of the lonely settlers.



October 19, 1782

Greensburg, Penna., Valentine Crawford.[68]

Col. John Stephenson appearing in Court and renouncing the administration of the estate of Valentine Crawford deceased. On the motion of Mr. Thomas Scott and Captain John Minter appeared in Court and being willing to take upon himself the trouble of administration of the said estate Ordered by the court that Register of Probate of Wills and granting letters of Administration to the said John Minter in usual form.

7/6 J.P. C. Brison 4/6 to prepaid Nath Hoak



Greensgurg, Penna., Valentine Crawford, deceased.

Memoram sum— that on the 19th day of October, in the year of our Lord, One thousand seven hundred and eighty two, letters of Administration of all and singular, the goods and Chattels Rights and Credits which were of Valentine Crawford’s late of Westmore— land County Yeoman, deceased, were granted to John Minter, the said Administrator is to make true and perfect inventory of the personal estate of the said deceased and file the same in the register office at or before the nineteenth day offVovember next.. Ensue ing the State thereof. [69]



Date Missing

Valentine Crawford, deceased.

John Minter administrator of all and singular the goods and Shcattles, Rights and Credits which were of Valentine Crawford late of the County aforesaid Deceased: by his Petition setteth forth that there hath Come to his hands of the Estate of the said Deceased, the Sum of Two hundred and Thirty Pounds eighteen shilling and eight pence. As appears bgy the Inventory thereof Exibited into the Registors office. That he hath paid of the debts of the said Estate to the amount of Nine hundred and three Pounds six shillings and six pence, half-penny. By which it appears that he hath paid the Sum of six Hundred and Seventy two Pounds. Seven shilling and ten pence out of his own Estate. That there is a sum of One Thousand three Hundred and Twenty pounds, for shillings and eight pence half-penny yet due and owing by the said Estate to Sundry persons as p. account. Exibited to this court. Also stating that there is the Sum of Nine Hundred and Ninety seven pounds ten shilling and Nine pence farthing. Yet due to the Estate which hath not Come to his hand or passion. From which it appears that there is a balance of One Thousand Nine Hundred and Ninety two Pounds twelve shillings and six pence. Yet due by the said Estate. Without any personal Estate to satisfy the same unless the aforesaid sum of Nine Hundred and Niney Seven Pounds ten shillings and Nine pence. If ever it can be collected. And the Administrator being sworn to the truth of his Petition in Open Court. It is Ordered by the Court, that following Tract of Land. (being part of the Real Estate of the said Deceased). Lying in Tyron Township adjoining Lands of John Stephenson, Benjamin Wells, and Isaac Mason. Containing Three hundred acres. Be sold on Thursday sixth Day of July next. At the place where the Courts will be held. And make report to the next Court. End Quote.[70]



October 19, 1811: rations were cut and remained so until October 28 when fresh supplies arrived via the Wabash River from Vincennes.[71]

. October 19, 1816: OWEN CRAWFORD, b. October 19, 1816, Bear Creek, Estill County, Kentucky.

Notes for OWEN CRAWFORD:
Owen helped manage the family farm which produced 20,000 acres of crops and lumber and supervising the 30 slaves that worked this farm. [72]

October 19, 1835: Hugh “Cap” Stephenson: Born on October 19, 1835 in Carroll County, Missouri. Hugh “Cap” died in Clariton County, Missouri on October 19, 1914; he was 79. Buried in Bethel Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri. Captain In The Confederate Army During Civil War. [3] Was on the census for Living With His Brother Charles Marcus, Salt Creek Township, Clariton County, Missouri in 1910.

From and undated newspaper clipping provided by Mabel Hoover:



Captain Hugh Stephenson was born in Carroll Cou nty and served as captain of a company in Price’s army. After the war he came to this county and located near the site of Mike where he lived and farmed successfully until about a year ago on account of mental and physical impairment. He was taken to the hospital at St. Joe to receive the attention his condition demanded.



Captain Stephenson was never married, but he kept house all his life and reared seven orphan children to who he gave the best of care and consideration, many of whom survive him, in addition to two brothers and a half brother and a host of old friends and acquaintances.



Captain Stephenson was perhaps as well known and as liked as any man in the section of the county where he lived since 1865(?). His charity to the helpless young was unbounded, and his fidelity to all friends and the trusts falling upon him, infallible. He was a landmark of the old school--unpretentious, unfaltering in his duty and worthy of the respect and confidence he enjoyed. May he rest in peace thru all eternity. [3] [73]

October 19, 1857: Constitution Hall State Historic Site

Constitution Hall 2006

Constitution Hall, erected by Samuel Jones in 1856, became the place were the Kansas Territorial Government convened. In the fall of 1857 (October 19), the Lecompton Constitutional Convention met and drafted a pro-slavery constitution in the upper story of the building. The downstairs was rented as the federal land office and private law offices.

During 1857 this building was one of the busiest and most important in Kansas Territory. Thousands of settlers and speculators filed claims in the United States land office on the first floor. They sometimes fought hand-to-hand for their share of the rich lands that were opening for settlement. The government was removing the Native Americans from Kansas to make their lands available to whites.

Upstairs the district court periodically met to try to enforce the territorial laws. Most free-state people refused to obey these laws because they had been passed by the pro slavery territorial legislature. This resistance made law enforcement nearly impossible for territorial officials. Time after time the territorial governors called out federal troops from Fort Leavenworth or Fort Riley to maintain order.[74]

October 19, 1862: Marching orders were received about the 19th of October. [75] On the 19th of October (October 19) the regiment was sent to Helena, Ark. From here it was sent on various xpeditions into Mississippi and Arkansas, doing some hard marching and suffering from sickness. [76]



October 19, 1864: Battle of Cedar Creek, VA.[77]



Wed. October 19[78], [79]1864

Battle of cedar creek commenced at 5 am[80]

By the rebs drove in our left 3 miles

Battle lasted until dark drove the rebs

Passed strawsburg in haste[81]

(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary)[82]



October 19, 1864: The 18th Cavalry was at the Battle of Cedar Creek (October 19) and remained in the Valley, usually the Page Valley in the east of the larger Shenandoah Valley, through the rest of the year, participating in several less-consequential engagements, and losing about forty percent of its members, killed, wounded, captured. That winter Gen. Early dispersed the men of the 18th Cav to their home counties. [83]



October 19, 1886: Luise Gottlieb, born Gottlieb, October 19, 1886 in Leipzig. Resided Leipzig.Deportation: from Leipzig, June 18, 1943, Theresienstadt. May 16, 1944, Auschwitz. [84]

October 19, 1895: Francis “Fannie” SHARP. Born in 1868 in Triplett, Chariton County, Missouri. Francis “Fannie” died in California in 1949; she was 81.



In 1888 when Francis “Fannie” was 20, she first married Benjamin Franklin HELM. Born in 1860 in Triplett, Chariton County, Missouri. Benjamin Franklin died on October 19, 1895; he was 35.



They had the following children:

i. Anna Ruth (1889-1975)

ii. Helen Edith (1891-1962)

iii. Henry B. (1893-1925)



In 1901 when Francis “Fannie” was 33, she second married Pete P. MORRIS. Born on October 2, 1832. Pete P. died in Chariton County, Missouri on March 9, 1916; he was 83.



They had the following children:

i. Monta (1902-1919)

ii. Richard (1904-)

iii. Agnes Lorain (1906-1947)

iv. Arowhana (1908-1919) [85]



October 1903: Two years after Wizard's publication, Baum and Denslow teamed up with composer Paul Tietjens and director Julian Mitchell to produce a musical stage version of the book under Fred R. Hamlin.[21] Baum and Tietjens had worked on a musical of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz in 1901 and based closely upon the book, but it was rejected. This stage version, the first to use the shortened title "The Wizard of Oz", opened in Chicago in 1902, then ran on Broadway for 293 stage nights from January to October 1903.[86]



October 1908: James F. Goodlove was indicted for shooting in the back and killing on August 6 Percy Stuckey, alias Frank McCormick; convicted of manslaughter by Wyandot County Court of Common Pleas and sentenced to 15 years at hard labor in Ohio penitentiary. Conviction upheld by Circuit Court, but reversed by Ohio Supreme Court on June 28, 1910 on the basis of an error in the indictment. Court said Goodlove was indicted for the murder of “Percy Stuckey, alias Frank McCormick,” but prosecution had not demonstrated that Stuckey existed; prosecution’s evidence showed he had killed McCormick, not Stuckey. Goodlove was released.[87]



October 19, 1911:


The Hon. Alexander Francis Bowes-Lyon

April 14 1887

October 19 1911

24 years

Known as Alec,[13] he died unmarried in his sleep of a tumour at the base of the cerebrum.[14]


[88]

First Sunday of October 1912: The Reverend Gilbert J. Chalice was born in Plymouth, England, but his age and other details of his life before he and wife arrived in Hopkinton in 1912 are lacking. According to church records, Chalice was selected as one of 13 from among 180 candidates to be sent by the Methodist Church of England to Ontario, Canada, for further seminary training and “pioneer service” on the Canadian prairies for the Home Mission Board of Canada.[89] From Ontario he was sent directly to the Wesley Seminary n Winnipeg. After graduating, he spent a few months preaching in rural parishes on a circuit on the Canadian prairies, before switching to “city work.” It is not clear when he immigrated to the U.S., but he joined the Iowa Methodist Conference in 1909, where he apparently remained in a city church until he was assigned to the Hopkinton and Buck Creek charges in October 1912. He was about thiry five years of age at this time.

Upon arriving in Hopkinton, Chalice set out to build up both Methodist parishes in his charge. It was clear almost from the start, however, that he though his talents and interests could be better deployed in the Buck Creek Church. In Hopkinton, the Presbyterian church was clearly the dominant church, a fact reinforced by the presence and prestige of Lenox College and Academy, both Presbyterian affiliated. Presbyterianism was overwhelmingly the faith subscribed to by the social and economic elite of Hopkinton. The Methodist Epicopal Church in Hopkinton lacked the status enjoyed by the Presbyterians and tended to be more the church of laborer and faremer in Hopkinton and much of the surrounding rural area.

The Buck Creek Church was five miles west of Hopkintron and vied with the Hopkinton church for parishioners in the area in between. Chalice’s first impressions of the Buck Creek Church were decidedly unfavorable. As he put it, the “Buck Creek Church…had almost ceased to function. The church was picturesquely situated, nestled among the trees which were gay with autumn foliage. Buck Creek, from which the church was named, fed by manyt springs flowing from the surrounding hills, gurgled and splashed nearby.”

To his eyes, however, the church was hardly in keeping with its surroundings. Thjere were evidences of neglect on every hand. The old wooden approach was in such a dilapidated condition that one had to take care, on entering, lest the boards five way beneath the feet. In the surrounding yard, which was filled with weeds, the “tie posts” were staggering under the pressure of the years.

The church was a simple structure. Just a typical, old fashioned, one room building, with old time pews and inevitable stoves. Oil lamps, uncleaned and murky, gave forth a feebl light, when any light was required.



Nevertheless, Chalice claimed that as he faced his congregation that first time he began to see the true potential of the rural church in community rebuilding. “Although the church, feeble in its ministry to the community and decadent in appearance, had fallen down on its job, there still existed a most remarkable community spirit. “For in that congregation was a large percentage of young people, bright, keen and intelligent, who were only waiting until they should be assigned some definite task to rebuild the community.”

Chalice set to work to gain the attention and attract the interest of as many people as possible in the Buck Creek Church. He did this by conducgting a series of Methodist camp meetings during which he preached every night for three weeks (including the three Sundays he had to return to Hopkihngon for morning services). Many farm families from the surrounding area pitched their tents on land reserved for that purpose down by the creek. Although billed as “special community meetings” directed at the farm families in the area, they were old fashioned religious revivals, intentionally evangelistic in tone and content. Many came out of curiosity to see the new preacher and his wife and to see how “old time” religion sounded when delivered with an English accent.[90]

Having aroused the curiosity of people in the area and having captured their attention, Chalice began preparations to launch a program of church revitalization and rural community building. In this work he drew heavily on the writings of American theologians and rural sociologists linked closely to the Country Life movement, his philosophy was a complex mixture of traditional Methodism, progressivism, and agrarian utopianism. In one sermon he declared



The farmer is a custodian of the ntion’s morality with rural people more susceptible to religious influence because he works in God’s soil therefore a great need lies in the pastor’s endeavor to supply spiritual help and assist to the higher life. Every rural community has a social craving and this must be satisfied if boys and girls are to be kept on the land. This also calls for attractive homes. No woman should yearn for the city when we equip the home with convience and labor saving devices… With the aid of horticulture, domestic science, and household economics the farm home can he “Heaven on Earth.”[91]

Chalice focused first on rekindling interest in the church among Methodist patriarchs and their wives. He created a men’s club, the Buck Creek Brotherhood and, with the help of Mrs. Chalice, reinvigorated the Ladies Aid Society. He also secured their financial support for establishing a localchapter of the Epworth chapter, he hoped to develop the lay leadership nev cessary for the long run viability of the church. The chapter was especially active in presenting weekly lectrures, often delivered by agricultural experst affiliated with the State Agricultural College on topics thought to be of special interest to farmers. Initially however, attendance at these and at Sunday services was disappointingly low.

Seeking a reason for the low attendance, Chalice decided to conduct a “community survey,” then being widel touted by experts as the first step to be taken in any effort of a rural church to expand its service to the community it hoped to serve and revitalize. Almost all households in Union Township and mnanby in the eastern half of Hazel Green Township, Protestant and Catholics alike, were canvassed. In analyzing the reasons people gave for not attending church regularly, Chalice was surprised to discover that man respondents pointed to inconveniences associated with the inadequacy of the church’s facilities and grounds and to the generally poor condition of the road leading to the church. This provided the impetus for the Buck Creek Brotherhood to form a committee and apply to the County Board of Supervisors for a grant to cover the costs of material necessary to improve the road. Men in the church donated the necessary labor and even went so far as to “lay a fine strip of macadam, up to the very church door.” At Chalice’s behest, the Brotherhood completed a number of other projects to improve the appearance and safety of the church building and grounds, thereby removing the major excuse, if not cause, for poor church attendance.[92]

The church introduced new programs designed to appeal to children. The Sunday school was reorganized into grades and “senior class” divisions comparable to the way in which the public schools of the larger towns were structured. Before the end of Chalic’s first year, Sunday school enrollments had increased fromn 52 to 85 and church membership had risen to 87.[93]



Third Sunday in October 1912: It was clear that there was work to be done at Buck Creek Church. Of all the things which were lacking, none was more sorely needed than leadership. The new pastor set to work. A series of special comminuty g which were distinctly evangelistic brought out a good attendance. But the first signs of real awakening came after three weeks of preaching, when a few people were received into the church. This was a start, but there were bigger things to be done.[94]



October 1918

The flu kills 195,000 Americans. It was the deadliest month in our nations history.[95]

October 1919: One of the first riots Walter White investigated was that of October 1919 in Elaine, Arkansas, where white vigilantes and Federal troops in Phillips County killed more than 200 black sharecroppers. The case had both labor and racial issues. The white militias had come to the town and hunted down blacks in retaliation for the killing of a white man. He was killed in a shootout at a church where black sharecroppers were meeting on issues related to organizing with an agrarian union.

White was granted credentials from the Chicago Daily News. That enabled him to obtain an interview with Governor Charles Hillman Brough of Arkansas, who would not have met with him as the representative of the NAACP. Brough gave White a letter of recommendation to help him meet people, and his autographed photograph.

White was in Phillips County for only a brief time before his identity was discovered; he took the first train back to Little Rock. The conductor told him that he was leaving "just when the fun is going to start", because they had found out that there was a "damned yellow nigger down here passing for white and the boys are going to get him."[18] Asked what they would do to him, the conductor told White, "When they get through with him he won't pass for white no more!"[18] "High yellow" was a term used at the time to refer to white-appearing blacks, mostly those of mixed-racial descent.

White published his findings about the riot and trial in the Daily News, the Chicago Defender and The Nation, as well as the NAACP's own magazine The Crisis. Governor Brough asked the United States Postal Service to prohibit the mailing of the Chicago Defender and The Crisis to Arkansas, while others attempted to enjoin distribution of the Defender at the local level.

The NAACP put together a legal defense of the men convicted and carried the case to the Supreme Court. Its ruling overturned the Elaine convictions and established important precedent about the conduct of trials. The Supreme Court found that the original trial was held under conditions that adversely affected the defendants' rights. Some of the courtroom audience were armed, as were a mob outside, so there was intimidation of the court and jury. The 79 black defendants had been quickly tried: 12 were found guilty of murder and sentenced to death; 67 were condemned to sentences from 20 years to life. No white man was prosecuted for the many black deaths.[19]

Scottsboro Trial

Walter White’s first major struggle as leader of the NAACP centered on the Scottsboro Trial and the NAACP battle against communism. The Scottsboro trial was a high profile case that the NAACP and Walter White could use to increase their following. Weeks after White secured his new position, nine black teenagers looking for work were arrested after a fight with a group of white teens as the train both were riding on passed through Scottsboro, Alabama.[20] Two white girls were also found who accused the nine black teenagers of rape. Locked in a cell awaiting trial, the "Scottsboro boys looked to be prime lynching material: dirt poor, illiterate, and of highly questionable moral character even for teenagers." [20] Because the Communist party and the NAACP had long been battling for the black community's support and leadership over the black population, Scottsboro was an important battle ground for these two groups.[21] The Communist party had to devastate black citizens' faith in the NAACP to assume sole control of leadership, and they saw a Scottsboro victory as a way to solidify this superior role over the NAACP.[21] Their case against the NAACP was easier when Walter White and other leaders were second in approaching the case after the International Labor Defense.[22] Ultimately, the case was a synopsis of conflicting ideals between the two organizations. To White, “Communism meant that blacks have two strikes against them: blacks were aliens in white society where skin color was more important than initiative or intelligence, and blacks would also be Reds which meant a double dose of hatred from white Americans”.[23] White believed the NAACP could not in any way be associated with the Communist Party for this reason. Ultimately the Communist leaders failed in solidifying their position. White stated, "The shortsightedness of the Communist leaders in the United States (led to their eventual failure); Had they been more intelligent, honest, and truthful there is no way of estimating how deeply they might have penetrated into Negro life and consciousness.[24] White meant the Communist's philosophy of branding anyone opposed to their platform was their failure. He believed the NAACP had the best defense council in the country, yet the Scottsboro boy's families chose to go with the ILD partly because they were first on the scene.[24] White believed in capitalistic America and used the Communist propaganda as leverage to promote his own cause in securing civil liberties. He advised white America to reconsider their position of unfair treatmtent because they might find the black population choosing radical alternative methods of protest.[25] Ultimately, White and other NAACP leaders decided to continue involvement with the Scottsboro boys since this was only one of many efforts they had.[26] In his autobiography, Walter White gave a critical summary of the injustice in Scottsboro, "In the intervening years it had become increasingly clear that the tragedy of a Scottsboro lies, not in the bitterly cruel injustice which it works upon its immediate victims, but also, and perhaps even more, in the cynical use of human misery by Communists in propagandizing Communism, and in the complacency with which a democratic government views the basic evils from which such a case arises. A majority of Americans still ignore, the plain implications in similar tragedies." [27]

Anti-Lynching Legislation

Walter White was also a strong proponent and supporter of anti-lynching bills. Because of his first hand experience he was well versed in the motivation of Southern Whites to complete such heinous acts. One of White’s many surveys showed 46 of 50 lynchings during the first six months of 1919 were black victims, 10 of whom were burned at the stake.[28] After the great 1919 Chicago riot, White concluded the causes of such violence were not rape, as had been rumored, but rather the result of "prejudice and economic competition." [29] This was also the conclusion of a city commission that investigated the riots; it noted that ethnic Irish had led the anti-black attacks.

Newspapers reported a decreasing number of southern lynchings in the late 1910s, but postwar violence in Northern and Midwestern cities increased under the competition of returning veterans, immigrants and African Americans for work and housing. Walter White investigated one particularly horrific example of the sadistic events in 1918. He found evidence that in Lowndes and Brooks counties, Georgia, "The killings (of many black citizens) ended with a pregnant black woman being tied to a tree and burned alive after which (the mob) split her open, and her child, still alive, was thrown to the ground and stomped by some of the members”.[30]

White lobbied for federal anti-lynching bills during his time as leader of the NAACP. In 1922, the Dyer anti-lynching bill was passed by the House, the “first piece of legislation passed by the House of Representatives since Reconstruction that specifically protected blacks from lynchings”.[31] Congress never passed the Dyer bill, as the Senate was controlled by Southerners who opposed the bill. White sponsored other civil rights legislation, also defeated by the Southern bloc: the Castigan-Wagner bill of 1935, the Gavagan bill of 1937, and the VanNuys bill of 1940. It did, however, take a monumental effort on Southerners' part both financially and politically to take the Castigan-Wagner bill out of consideration and to defeat the Gavagan bill.[31] White had become a powerful figure, and James F Byrnes of South Carolina stood on the Senate floor and said, “One Negro has ordered this bill to pass. If Walter White should consent to have this bill laid aside its advocates would desert it as quickly as football players unscramble when the whistle of the referee is heard."[31] White's word was the only thing that kept the bill before Congress. It would be easy to conclude White and the NAACP failed in their attempts to secure anti-lynching legislation, but they were able to secure the all-important public support for their cause. By 1938, a Gallup poll found that 72% of Americans and 57% of Southerners favored an anti-lynching bill.[32] Because of his strong push for antilynching legislation, White had created a strong alliance of groups that believed in the same basic ideals of civil liberty which in turn formed the basis of the modern Civil Rights Movement.[32]

Attacks on Paul Robeson

During the McCarthy era, White did not openly criticize McCarthy’s campaign in Congress against communists, which was wide-ranging. During this era, American fears of communism were heightened and the FBI had been trying to classify civil rights activists as communists. White feared a backlash on this issue might cost the NAACP its tax-exempt status and lead to equating civil rights with Soviet Communism.[33] He criticized singer/activist Paul Robeson, who was accused of pro-Soviet leanings. Together with Roy Wilkins, then editor of The Crisis, he arranged for distribution of Paul Robeson: Lost Shepherd, a leaflet discounting Robeson that was written under a pseudonym.[34]

Literary career

Through his cultural interests and his close friendships with white literary power brokers Carl Van Vechten and Alfred A. Knopf, White was one of the founders of the "New Negro" cultural flowering. Popularly known as the "Harlem Renaissance", the period was one of intense literary and artistic production. Harlem became the center of black American intellectual and artistic life. It attracted creative people from across the nation, as did New York City in general.

Writer Zora Neale Hurston accused Walter White of stealing her designed costumes from her play The Great Day.[35] White never returned the costumes to Hurston although she repeatedly asked for them by mail.[36]

White was the author of critically acclaimed novels: Fire in the Flint (1924) and Flight (1926). His non-fiction book Rope and Faggot: A Biography of Judge Lynch (1929) was a study of lynching. Additional books were A Rising Wind (1945), his autobiography A Man Called White (1948), and How Far the Promised Land (1955). Unfinished at his death was Blackjack, a novel on Harlem life and the career of an African-American boxer.

Awards and honors
•1927 – White received the Harmon Award (William E. Harmon Foundation Award for Distinguished Achievement among Negroes) for his book Rope and Faggot: An Interview with Judge Lynch, a study of lynching.
•1937 – Awarded the Spingarn Medal by the NAACP, for outstanding achievement by an African American.
•2002 – Molefi Kete Asante listed Walter Francis White on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.[37]
•2009 – White was inducted into the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame.[38][96]





October 1920 to October 1921: This period of remarkable expansion was accompanied by a wave of lawlessness and crime whifch, rightly or wronly, was associated with the Ku Klux Klan. From October 1920 to Coctober 1921, the New York World reported four killings, one jutilation, one branding with acid, forty one floggings, twenty seven tar and feather parties, five kidnappiongs, forty three individuals warned to leave town or otherwiae threatened by posters, sixteen parades oif masked men with wartning placards. Thise outbreaks were characteriaed, gnereally, by two peculiarities. The “punishments” administered to individuals because of alleged violation of statute law or the demands of good morals and they were committed after nightfall by parties whose identiy was concealed by masks. The name of the Ku Klux Klan was very generally associated by the public with these outrages. The New York World and many other papers asserted that for all these outrages the Klan was either directly or idirectly responsible. [97]



October 5, 1920: As required by law, the county superintendent posted notices in the Leader calling for the nomination of directors and a treasurer for the Buck Creek Consolidated School DFistrict. He set the election for October 5, 1920. A slate of five directors was nominated from the Buck Creek Church members, while James Johnson, the long term treasurer of the Union Township board, was nominated for treasurer. Only one other nominqation was forthcoming, that of W. J. Kehoe, the director of Union No. 4, for one of the two one year director positions. Consolidation opponents nominated no candidates for any of the other positions. They refursed to consede the legitimacy of the district by putting forth a full slate of candidates; their nomination of Kehoe was merely a protest.

One hundred and ninety voters voted in the special election. For the tow one year director positions, Clyde Thompson and Roy Dighton eash received 138 votes, while W. J. Kehoe received 52. For the two two year positions, M. O . Smith and Warren Winch received 138 and 140 votes, respectively. For the one three year position, Harry Sill received 145 votes; while for treasurer, James Johnson received 150 votes. These results almost certainly indicate that 45 of the 52 people voting for Kehoe voted only for him and no others in the contests for directors. It appears that Catholic farm families in the area finally had some semblance of unity and organization, albeit too late. [98]

June 1920 to October 1921: Within a little over a year, that is, in the period between June 1920 when the contract was entered upon, and October 1921, when the Klan was investigated by Congress, the Klan had grown from a few thousand to something like 100,000 members. Clarke, aided by Mrs. Tyler, had applied to Klan promotion the skill acquired through long experience. The country was divided into some eight or more “domains,” or geographjical areas, such as Soutest, Southwest, Northeast, the Mississippi Valley, the Pacific Coast. Each “domain” was divided into “realms,” or states. The head of the promotion department as a whode was Imperial Kleagle E. Y. Clarke. The head of the “domain” was called a Grand Goblin. The head of the “realm,” or state, was called a king Kleagle and the house to house solicitors, or legwork men, were called Kleagles.[99]



October 1921: Emperor Simmons emphatically denied that the Klan had anything to do with a recent series of outrages. What is of more immediate concern is that these outrages were directly responsible for the exposure by the New York World and the Congressional investigation of October 1921.[100] It was undoubtedly the convition of the New York World that a thortoughgoing exposure of the secrets of the Klan and a scathing arraignment of its methods would suffice to discredit it with the American people. In its arraignment of the Klan, however, it is a question whether this great daily did not overshoot its mark and defeat its own ends. The World overestimated the number and power of the Klan, for it talked of a membership of 500,000, and even 700,000, when Congressional investigation showed that the Klan in October 1921 numbered hardly more than 100,000. The World ascribed the success of the Klan to a skillful salesmanship of hate in that it resorted “to every ‘wrinkle’ which practical salesmanagership keeps in its box of tricks’ to make effective its appeal “to the ignorant, the cruel, the cowardly, and the vengeful.” But to assume that the remarkable spread of the Klan was due solely or mainly to its appeal to base and selfish motivesis misleading. In this vast movement, becoming cumbersome in its purposeless opportunism and swelling to hundreds of thousands during 1921 and 1922, many elements entered. A most important facor was unquestionably the system of salesmanship initiated by E. Y. Clarke. Even granting, however, that Clarke and his assistants were merely commercializing hates and prefudices, it is well to remember that men joined the Klan because it appealed to their patriotism and their moral idealism more than to their hates and prejudices. The baser motives were present, but they alone can never account for the spread of the Klan.[101]

Perhaps the fundamental mistake of the newspapers is that they failed to grasp the Klan’s real significance. The New York World described the Klan as something alien to American life, a cancer eating its way into the vitals of society. The Klan is painted as thoroughly un-American. The Klan, with equal confidence, asserts that it stands for “one hundred percent Americanism.” If the Klan were utterly un-American it could never have succeeded as it has. The Klan is not alien to American society. If it were, the problem would be much simpler. The Klan is but the recrudence of forces that already existed in American society, some of them recent, others dating from the more distant past…It is the object of this study to show that the Klan draws its inspirations from ancient prejudices, classical hatreds, and ingrained social habits. The germs of the kisease of theKlan, like in the germs in the human body, have long been present in the social organism and needed only the weakening of the social tissue to become malignant.[102]

The hope that publication of the facts would kill the Klan has not been realized. The World’s exposure was published in eighteen leading dailies, including such Southern papers as the New Orleans Times-Picayune, Houston Chronicle, Dallas News, Galvestonh News, Columbus (Ga.) Enquirer-Sun, and the Oklahoman. But since the World’s exposure and the Congressional investigation the Klan has flourished like a green bay tree and today numbers hundreds of thousands, possibly millions….

…What the press exposure and the Congressional investigation did give to the Klan was a vast amount of gratuitous and invaluable advertising.[103]

October 1921: After the Congressional investigations in October 1921, the Klan spread with amazing rapidity. The center of the Klan’s strength was not at first and never has been in the older South. It was in the great area west of the Mississippi that includes northern and eastern Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and northern Louisiana, a region which was singularly adapted to the spread of Klan ideas, that the Klan reached its first peak of success. It was early transplanted to the Pacific coast, finding ready followers in the Sacramento Valley and southern California. From California the Klan was introduced into Oregon where it soon became a factor of prime importance in the affairs of that state. More recently the Klan has met with astonishing success in the Middle West. Itr is quite possible that at present the Klan has in the two states of Ohio and Indiana over half a million followers, or more than in all the southern states east of the Mississippi. At present the Klan is showing consdifderable activity in the neighborhood of New York City, which may indicate an attempt to sytorm this stronghold of all those things to which the Klan stands opposed.[104]

October 1922: Mussolini led the Fascists on a march on Rome, and King Emmanuel III, who had little faith in Italy's parliamentary government, asked Mussolini to form a new government. Initially, Mussolini, who was appointed prime minister at the head of a three-member Fascist cabinet, cooperated with the Italian parliament, but aided by his brutal police organization he soon became the effective dictator of Italy. In 1924, a Socialist backlash was suppressed, and in January 1925 a Fascist state was officially proclaimed, with Mussolini as Il Duce, or "The Leader."

Mussolini appealed to Italy's former Western allies for new treaties, but his brutal 1935 invasion of Ethiopia ended all hope of alliance with the Western democracies. In 1936, Mussolini joined Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in his support of Francisco Franco's Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, prompting the signing of a treaty of cooperation in foreign policy between Italy and Nazi Germany in 1937. Although Adolf Hitler's Nazi revolution was modeled after the rise of Mussolini and the Italian Fascist Party, Fascist Italy and Il Duce proved overwhelmingly the weaker partner in the Berlin-Rome Axis during World War II. [105]

October 1922: The continuing activities of the Ku Klux Klan and its influence in the Buck Creek Church produced a major crisis within the church. The matter came to a head over Grant’s retention as pastor and the amount of his (or his replacement’s) salary.

Grant had fallen out of favor with the Klan. Klan leaders in the church sought to reduce his salary, claiming that in the depressed agricultural conditions they could no longer afford to pay the highest salary in the county. As Curtis Griggs put it: “The people in the church couldn’t pay their minister but they had $10.00 to pay to join the Klan. That made much trouble in the Methodist church.” Grant left Buck Creek in October 1922 to assume the pastorate in Geneseo Township in Tama County. Geneseo Township was a Methodist place much like Buck Creek, which had in the previous year completed construction of an open country consolidated school. (Methodist churches outside of Delaware County were also active in the formation of consolidated school districts during this period. ) Grant’s replacement was O. J. Felter, a former pastor of the Colesburg Methodist Church who had been active in the drive to consolidate the schools in that area five years earlier. One widely circulated rumor at the time was that Felter was a member of the Klan.[106]



October 23, 1923: As the catastrophic economic consequences of passive resistance become more visible, separatism and particularism intensify, especially in Bavaria. Radical unrest also grows. The rearming rightist bands start planning to overthrow the Republic, should it give up resistance to France. The Communists intensify their own preparations for a putsch. They hope to strike a decisive blow in October 1923 ("Red October"), six years after the successful Russian Revolution.

October 1925: Albert had a stammer, which affected his ability to deliver speeches, and after October 1925, Elizabeth assisted in helping him through the therapy devised by Lionel Logue, an episode portrayed in the 2010 film The King's Speech. In 1926, the couple had their first child, Princess Elizabeth – "Lilibet" to the family – who would later become Queen Elizabeth II. Another daughter, Margaret Rose, was born four years later. Albert and Elizabeth, without their child, travelled to Australia to open Parliament House in Canberra in 1927.[34] She was, in her own words, "very miserable at leaving the baby".[35] Their journey by sea took them via Jamaica, the Panama Canal and the Pacific; Elizabeth fretted constantly over her baby back in Britain, but their journey was a public relations success.[36] She charmed the public in Fiji when shaking hands with a long line of official guests, as a stray dog walked in on the ceremony and she shook its paw as well.[37] In New Zealand she fell ill with a cold, and missed some engagements, but enjoyed the local fishing[38] in the Bay of Islands accompanied by Australian sports fisherman Harry Andreas.[39] On the return journey, via Mauritius, the Suez Canal, Malta and Gibraltar, their transport, HMS Renown, caught fire and they prepared to abandon ship before the fire was brought under control.[40][107]

On October 19, 1930: the remaining three members of the expedition reached Eismitte. There being only enough supplies for three at Eismitte, Wegener and Rasmus Villumsen took two dog sleds and made for West camp. They took no food for the dogs and killed them one by one to feed the rest until they could run only one sled. While Villumsen rode the sled, Wegener had to use skis. They never reached the camp. The expedition was completed by his brother, Kurt Wegener. [108]

October 1937: In October 1937, the Duke and Duchess visited Germany, against the advice of the British government, and met Adolf Hitler at his Obersalzberg retreat. The visit was much publicised by the German media. During the visit the Duke gave full Nazi salutes.[64] The former Austrian ambassador, Count Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein, who was also a second cousin once removed and friend of George V, believed that Edward favoured German fascism as a bulwark against communism, and even that he initially favoured an alliance with Germany.[65] Edward's experience of "the unending scenes of horror"[66] during the First World War led him to support appeasement. Hitler considered Edward to be friendly towards Nazi Germany and thought that Anglo-German relations could have been improved through Edward if it were not for the abdication. Fellow Nazi Albert Speer quoted Hitler directly: "I am certain through him permanent friendly relations could have been achieved. If he had stayed, everything would have been different. His abdication was a severe loss for us."[67][109]

October 1937: James Roosevelt became White House coordinator for eighteen federal agencies in October 1937.[110]

James Roosevelt was considered among his father's most important counselors. Time magazine suggested he might be considered "Assistant President of the United States".[2] [111]

September-October 1939

Following instructions issued by SS chief Reinhard Heydrich “the leading strata of the population should be rendered harmless” the SS killed some 20,000 Poles, mainly priests, politicians and academics, in September and October 1939.[112]



October 1939: With Nuri as-Said's agreement - he wished to persuade al-Husseini of the value of the British White Paper of 1939 - they invited al-Husseini to Iraq in October 1939, and he was to play an influential role there in the following two years. A quadrumvirate of four younger generals among the seven, three of whom had served with al-Husseini in WW1, were hostile to the idea of subordinating Iraqi national interests to Britain's war strategy and requirements.[113][114[113]

October 1939: After World War II broke out in Europe, James Roosevelt resigned the lieutenant colonel's commission he had been given in 1936, and was instead commissioned as a captain in the Marine Corps Reserve. In November 1940, he went on active duty. [114]

October 1939: He remained in Lebanon for two years, under French surveillance in the Christian village of Zouk,[97] but, in October 1939, his deteriorating relationship with the French and Syrian authorities led him to withdraw to the Kingdom of Iraq.[115]

October 19, 1939

Germany incorporates western Poland into the Reich and establishes the first Jewish ghetto in Lublin.[116]



October 1940 to January 1941

The deaths of people badly cared for, undernourished, and exposed to the elements during the rigorous winters of 1940, 1941 and 1942, were in fact deliberate assassinations. The Vichy government, “anti-France”, in the words of Dr. J. Weil, whose work on concentration camps is considered authoritative, has shown itself guilty of these crimes. What other name can be given, for example, to the mortality in the camp of Gurs? There were 15 deaths in October, 1940; 180 in November; 270 in December; 140 in January, 1941…



At Gurs on November 26, 1940, Julius Gottlieb, born December 24, 1852 from Ebernburg, died.



Also at Gurs on March 23, 1941 Johanna Gottlieb born May 24, 1859, from Ebernburg, died.[117]





October 19, 1940

The Jewish census is completed in the Seine Department (the city of Paris). Begun October 3 under German orders, it is used by the Prefecture of Police to create a Jewish census index that will be instrumental in drawing up lists of Jews for arrest and deportation.

In Paris, the Criminal Investigation Department of the police organizes the census, with the required forms collected from Jews at their local police stations. The size of the task makes it necessary, by the end of October to establish a special section at the Prefecture of Police. The Jewish census file office, called the “Tulard service” after Adre Tulard, director of the office, is charged with classifying census declarations, establishing the card file index, receiving late forms, examining cases of arrested Jews who have not filed forms, and using the files to provide information requested by the police or administration. The files classify Jews in four ways; by name, nationality, street address, and occupation’

The census in Paris registers 85,664 French Jews and 64,070 foreign Jews, a total of 149,734 persons. The Jewish population of the rest of occupied France totals an estimated 20,000.[118]



October 1941: Bulgaria joins the Tripartite Pact. Also Himmler orders the construction of a camp at Birkenau (Auschwitz II). Construction begins in October 1941 and continues until March 1942.[119]



October 1941: The mechanism to gas Jews at Auchwitz was put into place and Hitler suspended all immigration.[120]



October 1941: The government of the Slovak Republic began to deport its Jewish citizens today. The Slovak Republic was one of the countries to agree to deport its Jews as part of the Nazi Final Solution. Originally, the Slovak government tried to make a deal with Germany in October 1941 to deport its Jews as a substitute for providing Slovak workers to help the war effort. After the Wannsee Conference, the Germans agreed to the Slovak proposal, and a deal was reached where the Slovak Republic would pay for each Jew deported, and, in return, Germany promised that the Jews would never return to the republic. The initial terms were for "20,000 young, strong Jews", but the Slovak government quickly agreed to a German proposal to deport the entire population for "evacuation to territories in the east". The willing deportation was only the latest in a series of anti-Semitic actions taken by the government. Soon after gaining its “independence,” the Slovak Republic began a series of measures aimed against the Jews in the country. The Hlinka's Guard began to attack Jews, and the "Jewish Code" was passed in September 1941. Resembling the Nuremberg Laws, the Code required that Jews wear a yellow armband, banned intermarriage and denied Jews the opportunity to hold a variety of jobs.[121]

October 1941: Auschwitz was really a group of camps, designated I, II, and III. There were also 40 smaller "satellite" camps. It was at Auschwitz II, at Birkenau, established in October 1941, that the SS created a complex, monstrously orchestrated killing ground: 300 prison barracks; four "bathhouses" in which prisoners were gassed; corpse cellars; and cremating ovens. Thousands of prisoners were also used for medical experiments overseen and performed by the camp doctor, Josef Mengele, the "Angel of Death."

The Red Army had been advancing deeper into Poland since mid-January. Having liberated Warsaw and Krakow, Soviet troops headed for Auschwitz. In anticipation of the Soviet arrival, the German Gestapo began a murder spree in the camps, shooting sick prisoners and blowing up crematoria in a desperate attempt to destroy the evidence of their crimes. When the Red Army finally broke through, Soviet soldiers encountered 648 corpses and more than 7,000 starving camp survivors. There were also six storehouses filled with literally hundreds of thousands of women's dresses, men's suits, and shoes that the Germans did not have time to burn.[122]

October 1941:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gutzon_Borglum%27s_model_of_Mt._Rushmore_memorial.jpg/220px-Gutzon_Borglum%27s_model_of_Mt._Rushmore_memorial.jpg

http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf19/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png

A model at the site depicting Mount Rushmore's intended final design. Insufficient funding forced the carving to end in October 1941.

October 19, 1941

Joseph Stalin announces that he is remaining in Moscow to defend the city fromn German attacks.[123]



October 19, 1941: Jews are murdered in Belgrave.[124]



October 1942: Roosevelt once more spoke out of the crimes, declaring that those responsible would receive “just and sure punishment.”

Neither in this statement nor in the one issued in August did he refer to Jewish victims.[125]



Efforts by the United States and other governments to persuade the Vatican to voice public condemnation of Nazi atrocities against civilians came to nothing.[126]



October 1942: Battle of El Alamein. British under General Montgomery defeat Rommel's Afrika Korps and end the Nazi threat on Egypt and Palestine.[127]



October 1942: The Nazis sent 3,000 Jews from Opocno, Poland to Treblinka. At the start of the war almost half the town of Opoczno was Jewish. Jews had lived there since the 14th century. The Jews had lived there continually since the start of the 18th century. At the time of the mass deportation in October 1942, scores of Jews fled to the forests

and organized opartisan units there. The best known unit, “Lions”, under the command of Julian Ajzenman-Kaniewski, conducted a number of successful guerilla actions against Nazi forces and the OpocznoKonskie railway line. Aftetr the war the Jewish Community of Opocznowas not reconstituted.[128]





• Convoy BW 1968, October 19, 1942

•

• Paula Gottliebova nee Fuchsova was born in Czechoslovakia on February 14, 1874 to Abraham and Rosa nee Kohn. She was a housewife and married to Daniel. Prior to WWII whe lived in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia. Deported on transport Bw arrived at Terezin (Theresienstadt) from the Czech Republic on transport Bw1968 on October 19, 1942. According to this source she survived to be liberated.[129] According to testimony given by an extended family member in Yad Vashem she died in 1942 at Treblinka.



The extermination process in Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka (located in the far east of Poland near the borders with Byelorussia and Ukraine) was similar to the “well tried” method used in the six euthanasia killing centers in Germany and Austria”. As a guise the victims were told that they were being transported east for resettlement and work. Upon arrival at the centers the following procedures were used;



Deception (“You must get a shower in the bathroom!”).

Handing over the valuables (enrichment for the German Reichsbank).

Undressing (realization of the clothings and finding of hidden jewelry).

Cooping up the victims in the gas chamber (as narrow as possible to minimize the air volume).

Use of carbon monoxide gas (CO) (dischards through the gaspipes.)[130]



October 19, 1942: Julie Gottlobova born December 18, 1871. Transport AAm- Olomouc. Terezin 4. cervence 1942. Bw- October 19, 1942 Treblinka. [131]



October 19, 1942: Daniel Gottlieb born April 6, 1876. Bw – October 19, 1942 Treblinka. OSVOBOZENI SE DOZILI[132]



October 19, 1942: Paula Gottliebova, February 14, 1874, Bw- October 19, 1942. OSVOBOZENI SE DOZILI[133] Treblinka Transport BW-1968, from Terezin, October 19, 1942:

Gottliebova Paula



October 1943: Haaretz reported in 2006 that Holocaust survivor groups here have joined the recommendation of the Polish presitdent, Lech Kaczynski, to award the Nobel Peace Prize to 96 year old Irena Sandler. Sandler, who was a member of the Polish Underground group Zegota that was dedicated to saving Jews, was recognized by the Yad Vashem Martyrs and Heroes Remembrance Authority in 1965 for smuggloing numerous Jewish children out of the Warsaw Ghetto. The children received false papers and were either adopted by Christian families or sent to convents. Sandler, however, recorded the real names of 2,500 children on lists that were placed in glass jars and bguried, with the hope that the youngsters would eventurally be returned to their families. The Gestapo arrested Sandler in October 1943. Despite being tortured, she refuesed to reveal the children’s identity, and was senteced to death by a Nazi court. The underground group freed her and she lived in hiderng under an assumed itenty.[134]



October 19-September 28, 1943?: Luxembourg Jews are deported to Lodz in eight transports.[135]



Wake Island from air: 1943
American dive-bombers over Wake, in October 1943. [136]

October 1943: The Nazis begin the construction of a new death camp at Sobibór. By October 1943, 250,000 Jews had been murdered there. [137]

October 1943: The Dvinsk ghetto is virtually liquidated, with only 450 Jews remaining. They are transferred to Kaiserwald late in October 1943.[138]

October 1945: James Roosevelt was released from active duty in October 1945, with rank of colonel. [139]

October 1951: During 1951, George VI's health declined and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. When she toured Canada and visited President Truman in Washington, D.C. in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration for use if the King died while she was on tour.[52] In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of Kenya.[140]

October 1954: Walter White twice entered the New York Hospital for treatment for a heart ailment that had caused him to take a leave of absence from his duties. Shortly before his death, he had returned from a month's visit to Haiti and Puerto Rico. The day before his death, he spent two hours at his office. [141]

October 1957:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Elizabeth%2C_Philip%2C_Charles_and_Anne.jpg/220px-Elizabeth%2C_Philip%2C_Charles_and_Anne.jpg

http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png

Princess Anne with her parents and older brother in October 1957. [142]

October 1959: Lee Harvey Oswald, a troubled ex-Marine and self-described communist who had defected to the Soviet Union in October 1959 before returning to the United States and settling in Dallas in the summer of 1962.

After Oswald’s arrest in connection with the Kennedy assassination, his wife, Marina, testified that her husband told her he had taken a bus to Walker’s home on Turtle Creek Boulevard and, from outside the home, fired one rifle shot at the former general, who was seated at a desk and visible through a window. The bullet struck the window frame, and Walker sustained only minor injuries.

Marina Oswald said her husband told her Walker was the leader of a “fascist organization.” She could offer no logical explanation for why Lee Oswald, an avowed leftist, would target the right-wing extremist Walker and the president, who was despised by so many on the far right.[143]



October 1962 This month, LBJ is awarded the Grand Cross of Merit of the

Sovereign Order of Malta for his “significant humanitarian contributions,” the first American to be

so honored by the knights of one of the oldest Roman Catholic orders.

The FBI is now given full control of Mafia informant Joseph Valachi. AOT

A Bureau of Narcotics report describes Carlos Marcello as “one of the Nation’s leading

racketeers” and notes that he is “currently under intensive investigation by the IRS Intelligence

Division for tax fraud.” AOT[144]



October 19, 1962 Before JFK’s departure on a campaign trip, Rusk, Bundy, and

the Joint Chiefs tell him that they now endorse an air strike against Cuba. Meeting alone with the

president this morning, the Joint Chiefs of Staff virtually bully JFK to begin bombing. Gen.

Curtis LeMay tells JFK: “If we don’t do anything to Cuba, then they’re going to push on Berlin

and push real hard because they’ve got us on the run!” Later, JFK will tell Kenneth O’Donnell:

“If we ... do what they want us to do, none of us will be alive later to tell them they’re wrong.”

McGeorge Bundy indicates his support for the bombing plan (RK:HL) (The Color Of Truth) [145]



October 1963 In Martinsburg, Pennsylvania, a housewife named Margaret

Hoover finds a piece of paper with the words “RUBY,” “RUBENSTEIN,” and “OSWALD” written

on it. She suspects the note belongs to one of her neighbors, a Cuban exile named Dr. Julio

Fernandez. Fernandez will deny having any knowledge of the piece of paper found by Hoover.

Hoover loses the piece of paper, but while in her possession, she shows it to her daughter who

will verify it to the FBI. Hoover also finds a railroad ticket from Miami to Washington dated

September 25, 1963. It was around this time that members of the anti-Castro DRE were traveling

from Miami to Washington to testify before a Congressional Committee. [146]



October 1963: Scamp reentered San Diego Bay in October 1963. [147]

James Roosevelt resigned from Congress in October 1965, 10 months into his sixth term, when President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him a delegate to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

October 19, 1978: Ayatollah Khomeini, the spiritual leader of the Shi’ite community and the principal opponent of the Shah, said in an interview in Paris that he was prepared to urge his followers to armed rebellion to establish an Islamic Republic.[148]

October 19, 1987

The New York Stock Exchange Dow Jones Industrial average falls a record 508 points in the worst stock market crash in history.[149] Kelly Goodlove works in the stock index pit at the Chicago Board of trade while nine months pregnant with Jillian. Jillian will be born the next day.



October 1992:

Elizabeth, in formal dress, holds a pair of spectacles to her mouth in a thoughtful pose

http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png

Prince Philip and Elizabeth II, October 1992



October 1997: Lemba.—Samples were collected from paternally unrelated but otherwise random males, identified as Lemba by the subjects themselves, on two separate occasions, in the Louis Trichardt area of Northern Province (January 1997; 90 samples) and in Sekhukuneland in Mpumalanga (October 1997; 46 samples), South Africa. Clan affiliations of 108 (.794) of the subjects were recorded. [150]

October 1999: Field Manual 12-50, U.S. Army Bands, dated October 1999, Appendix A, Official And Ceremonial Music, Appendix A, Section 1 – Ceremonial Music, Paragraph A-35 "A-35. Signals that unauthorized lights are to be extinguished. This is the last call of the day. The call is also sounded at the completion of a military funeral ceremony. Taps is to be performed by a single bugler only. Performance of "Silver Taps" or "Echo Taps" is not consistent with Army traditions, and is an improper use of bugler assets.

Scouting

Many Scouting and Guiding groups around the world sing the second verse of "Taps" ("Day is Done..") at the close of a camp or campfire. Scouts in encampment may also have the unit's bugler sound taps once the rest of the unit has turned in, to signify that the day's activities have concluded and that silence is expected in the camp.[151]

Frederick County, Virginia Obituary Collection - 67

Posted By: GenealogyBuff
Date: Tuesday, October 19, 2010, at 5:50 p.m.

Ruth G. Pownall
Ruth Godlove Pownall, 74, of Wardensville, W.Va., died Thursday, Nov. 23, 2000, at her home.

Mrs. Pownall was born Feb. 13, 1926, in Wardensville, the daughter of Clarence L. and Mary Josephine Fishel Godlove. She was a cook for the Hardy County Committee on Aging in Wardensville.

She was a 1944 graduate of Wardensville High School and a member of St. Peter’s Lutheran Church.

She was married to John Henry “Doc” Pownall. Mr. Pownall died Nov. 25, 1990.

Surviving are three sons, Frederick L. Hahn of Wardensville, Galen B. “Duck” Pownall of Gore, and Randall L. Pownall of Charles Town, W.Va.; a stepson, Johnnie Pownall of Romney, W.Va.; two brothers, C. Ray Godlove of Wardensville and Wayne E. Godlove of Winchester; three sisters, Minnie Pittman of Waynesboro, Bernerdean Kline of Baker, W.Va., and Louise Baker of Wardensville; two grandchildren; five step grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren.

A funeral will be at 2 p.m. Sunday at St. Peter’s Lutheran Church, Wardensville, with Pastor Richard Moll officiating. Burial will be in Wardensville Cemetery.

Pallbearers will be her nephews: Ronald “Buck” Kline, Jeffrey Kline, Kenneth Renner, Wayne Godlove Jr., Timothy Godlove, and Robert Godlove.

Friends may call from 6 to 8 p.m. today at Loy-Giffin Funeral Home, Wardensville.

Memorials may be made to St. Peter’s Lutheran Church, P.O. Box 87, Wardensville, W.Va. 26851; or to Wardensville Volunteer Rescue Squad, P.O. Box 2, Wardensville, W.Va. 26851.





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scipio_Africanus


[2] Genomome, The Autobiographyu of a Species in 23 chapters, by Matt Ridley, page 189


[3] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 40.


[4] Timetables of Jewish History by Judah Gribetz, page 40.

[4] Timetables of Jewish History by Judah Gribetz, page 44.


[5] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 40.


[6] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[7] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 40.


[8] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[9] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[10] The Naked Archaelologist, A Nabatean by any other Name. 4/9/2008.


[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page


[12] The Epic History of Everyday Things, H2, 2011


[13] The Art Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011


[14] Henschel’s Indian Museum, Elkhart Lake, WI, July 23, 2011. Photo by Jeff Goodlove


[15] The Art Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011


[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page




[17] The Art Institute of Chicago.


[18] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[19]Introducing Islam by Dr. Shams Inati, pg 38.


[20] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[21] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.




[22] Heritage:Civilization and the Jews by Abba Eban, 1984, page 9.


[23] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[24] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.




[25] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[26] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[27] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[28] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 41.


[29] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel


[30] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 42.


[31] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 42.


[32] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 42.


[33] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 42.


[34] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 42.


[35] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 42.


[36] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important PeopleRo and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 42.


[37] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel


[38] Jacob’s Legacy A Genetic View of Jewish History, David B. Goldstein 2008


[39] Introducing Islam by Dr. Shams Inati, pg 38..


[40] Introducing Islam by Dr. Shams Inati, pg 38.




[41] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine, page 165-166..


[42] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt


[43] http://www.geni.com/people/John-Adams-2nd-President-of-the-USA-Signer-of-the-Declaration-of-Independence/6000000012593135757


[44] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/d/e/r/Irene-Deroche/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0585.html


[45] Road Trip to History, 9/8/2006


[46] http://www.relivinghistoryinc.org/Timeline---Historic-Events.html


[47] http://exhibits.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/athome/1700/timeline/index.html




[48] Skye suffered famine and clearances over the latter part of the 18th century, leading to its badly depleted population of less than 10,000 at the 1991 Census. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_MacKinnon




[49] Tragedy of Love Led to Ohioville's Founding, by Lucille T. Cox, Milestones Vol 9 No 4--Fall 1984.


[50] (JoAnn Naugle's letter of 1985 summarizing her research.)

(http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html)


[51] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett, pp. 224.5-224.6


[52] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 304.




[53] http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Ashkenazim.html


[54] Jewish Life in Pennsylvania by Danne Ashton, 1998. pg. 3.


[55](Ancestry.com) American Genealogical-Biographical Index (AGBI) Volume 68, page number 503.

Godfrey Memorial Library, comp., American Genealogical-Biographical Index (AGBI) [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA:The Generations Network, Inc., 1999.

Ten “Series” of “Pennsylvanina Archives” have been so far published in from 5 to 31v. Ea. Philadelphia and Harrisburg. 1852-(Ancestry.com has indexed Series 2, v. 2 and v.8 (early Pa. marriage recds.) And all the v. of Series V. Which contain nearly complete P. Rev. War. Recds.) Ser. 5
:4:653.


[56] http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm


[57] http://www.talonsite.com/tlineframe.htm


[58] Page 68 of William Darlington‘s 1893 book ―Christopher Gist’s journals: with historical, geographical and ethnological notes‖.

15 Braddock arrogantly refused


[59] IN Search of the Turkey Foot Road, page 7.


[60] (Ledger A, 329).


[61] Diary of David McClure, Doctor of Divinity 1748-1820 with notes by Franklin B. Dexter, M.A. 1899. pg.101.


[62] http://jerseyman-historynowandthen.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.html


[63] The Battle for Fort Mercer: The American Defenders
The Diary of Colonel Israel Angell, Commanding Officer, 2nd Rhode Island Regiment.





[64] 11 There seems to be a confusion in the issuing of orders from headquarters at Fort

Pitt and Fort Mclntosh, which can be thus explained:

It is not definite at what time Mclntosh can be said actually to have

transferred headquarters of the Western Department. It is obvious that

Brodhead preceded the General to the mouth of the Big Beaver and started

erecting Fort Mclntosh. The first brigade orders we have from Fort Mclntosh

were issued October 8. There was, however, a gap of several days in orders

prior to that. General Mclntosh continued issuing general orders from Fort

Pitt; and, on October 22, we have general orders from Fort Pitt and brigade

orders from Fort Mclntosh. On the 26th are the first general orders and

brigade orders, both issued from Fort Mclntosh. Here again, there is a

three-day gap in the orders preceding the 26th.

12 Observe that the signature is Broadhead; it, however,


[65] Robert McCready's Orderly Book


[66] 12 Observe that the signature is Broadhead; it, however, is in the handwriting of

Deputy Adjutant General Lachlan Mclntosh.


[67] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing


[68] After the death of Valentine Crawford, Col. John Stephenson (Valentine’s half—brother), was appointed administrator to the Valentine Crawford estate, but later declined, as per record in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.


[69]The administrators in this settlement were changed from the half—brother, John Stephenson to the son—in—law, John Minter, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Valentine Crawford, deceased. Note also, the importance of time in this case, regulated by court orders and recorded at a proper date.

(From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969. pp. 94-95.)


[70] These were probably the lands that might have gone to George Washington, had they not been sold as the court ordered. Further research is required to clear this real estate question.

(From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, pages 95-96.)


[71] Wikipedia


[72] http://penningtons.tripod.com/jepthagenealogy.htm


[73] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf


[74] http://lecomptonkansas.com/page/constitution-hall-state-historic-site


[75] http://www.mobile96.com/cw1/Vicksburg/TFA/24Iowa-1.html


[76] (Photo Album: First Commissioners, Vicksburg NMP.) http://www.nps.gov/vick/scenic/h people/pa 3comm.htm


[77] (State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.)




[78] October 19, 1864; Cedar Creek, VA

U.S.A. 588 Killed, 3516 Wounded

1801 Missing or Captured

Bri. Gen. Thornburn Killed

C.S.A. 3000 Killed and Wounded

1200 Missing or Captured

Maj. Gen. Ramseur Killed

(Civil War Battles of 1864), http://users.aol.com/dlharvey/1864bat.htm




[79] UNION IOWA VOLUNTEERS, 24th Regiment, Iowa Infantry: http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/template.cfm?unitname=24th%20Regiment%2C%20Iowa%20Infantry&unitcode=UIA0024RI




[80] In all the operations of its brigade and divisions, from the 23d of September until the 19th of October, upon which latter date the Twenty Fourth Iowa fought its last battle, the regiment performed its full share of duty and always acquitted itself with honor. Although it remained in the service for nearly six months after the battle of Cedar Creek, the remainder of its history, while characterized by same faithful devotion to duty, was not marked by further severe conflict with the enemy. The compiler deems it most fitting, therefore, that the conduct of the regiment in the memorable battle of Cedar Creek, as portrayed in the official report of its gallant commander, should occupy the greater portion of the space left at his disposal for this historical sketch. In this, one of the most remarkable battles of the great War of the Rebellion, the Twenty-fourth Iowa suffered heavy loss, and ended its battle history by as splendid and heroic fighting as was ever exhibited upon any battlefield. The official report is here given in full:



Headquarter Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry Volunteers, Camp Russell, VA., Nv. 19, 1864.

Colonel:

I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-fourth Regiment Iowa Infantry Volunteers in the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., on the 19th of October, 1864. The regiment belonged to the Fourth Brigade, Second Division. Nineteenth Army Corps, Brevet Major General Emory commanding corps, Brigadiar General Grover commanding division, and Colonel Shunk, Eighth Indiana Veteran Volunteers, commanding brigade. The brigade Occupied the left of the second line, which was about two hundred paces in rear of the lines of works ovcupied by the first line. The left of the brigade rested about two hundred yards to the right of the pike leading from Winchester to Staanton. The works in our front were occupied by the Third Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Army Corps with Battery D, First Rhode Island Artillery, near the pike on the left. The regiment occupied the right center of the brigade, with the Twenty-eighth Iowa on the left. The Eighth Corps, under command of Major General Crook, was posted on the left of the pike, and about three hundred paces to the front. The Sixth Corps was on the right of the Nineteenth, with its right thrown back toward Middletown, about one mile./ Our teams parked about one mile in the rear. The enemy was in camp at Fisher’s Hill, some four miles to the front. In this position we rested on the evening of the 18th, not even suspecting out danger, or the Yankee trick that Early was going to play on us the next morning.



Soon after retiring to bed, Colonel Wilds, then in command of the regiment, received orders to have the men under arms at precisely 5 o’clock next morning, as the first line was to make a reconnaissance to the front, and the Fourth Brigade was to move up to the works as soon as vacated. In obedience to this order at 6 o’clock the regiment was in line of battle, and ready to move to the works. Having reason to believe that the reconnaissance would not last more than one or two hours, as the order was not to bring on an engagement, everything except, arms and accouterments were left in tents. At ten minutes past 5 o’clock, firing commenced on the picket line of the Eighth Corps. Supposing it to by only a reconnaissance by the enemy, it created but little alarm. In a few minutes heavy firing commenced on the left and front of the Eighth Corps. It was not yet daylight, and a dense fog, which had settled to the ground, rendered it almost impossible to distinguish objects at any distance. Soon after the firing commenced on the left, the brigade was ordered to move by the left flank, until the left of the Twenty-fourth Iowa rested on the pike. Colonel Wilds ordered me to ride to the left of the regiment, and to lead it to the place indicated, but, before reaching the pike, I was ordered to halt and take position, as we were already receiving the enemy’s fire. The regiment was halted, and the right thrown forward so as to form a line across the crest of the hill, at an angle of forty-five degress with the pike. The right of the brigade, Eighteenth Indiana Veteran Volunteers, supporting the battery on the left of the first line. The fog was so dense that it was impossible to tell what was in front of us, and, as the Eighth Corps was failing back at the time, our fire was reserved until the enemy had pressed his columns close up to and charged the battery on the right, one piece of which was captured. We held the position, however, until Colonel Shunk, discovering that the enemy had thrown a column across the pike on our left, ordered the brigade to fall back about five hundred yards, and take position parallel to and facing the pike. This was done in food order, and the position taken and held, until it became necessary, in the opinion of General ‘Grover, to fall back, in order to prevent being cut off entirely. (Up to this time the regiment had lost six men killed and about forty wounded.) The order was given to fall back as rapidly as possible in heavy force on our left and captured four officers and about forty men. The brigade fell back about one mile and formed between the First Brigade, General Brge, and the Sixth Corps, which was on the left.

Previous to this time Colonel Wilds had been wounded and carried from the field. I had also received a bruise on my hip froma piece of shell and a wound from a musket ball in the left arm near the elbow, which sickened me so that I could not ride for near an hour, and the regiment was commanded by Captain L. Clark, during my absence. Soon after I returned to the regiment, which was then in the position above mentioned, the enemy made a flank movement to the left of the Sixth Corps, rendering it necessary for it to fall back, and we were ordered to retire by the right of regiments to the rear. We moved in this manner nearly three mile, halted, took position, procured ammunition and prepared to renew the battle. After we had rested about half an hour, Major
General Sheridan came on the field, having been absent since the morning of the 18th. He ordered the Eighth Corps to take position on the left of the pike between Middletown and Newtown, the Sixth Corps the center, and the Nineteenth Corps the right. Sent two division of cavalry to the right, and one to the left. The Forth Brigade was formed on the extreme left of the Nineteenth Corps, connecting with the right of the Sixth Corps. In this position the troops were ordered to rest, and throw up some temporary works.



About 12 O’clock I was ordered to move the Twenty-forth Iowa to the extreme right of the Nineteenth Corps, and protect the flank, I immediately moved to the place indicated, took position and threw out a skirmish line. In this position I remained until 3 o’clock P.M., when I received orders to call in my skirmishers and take my place in the line, as it was going to advance. My skirmishers had just reported when the advance was sounded. In order to get my position in the line, I had to double quick about one mile, and, during the greater part of this distance, we had to pass through the fire of the enemy’s guns, which overshot our advancing columns, the shells exploding in the rear. About 3 o’clock, I got my place in the line, which, steadily advanced, driving the enemy from every position taken until we reached the camp we left in the morning. Here we halted and made some coffee, (those of us who were fortunate enough to have any,) the first we had tasted since the evening of the 18th. We found one wounded officer there, who had hidden among the rocks during the day, and qite a number of our wounded men. Everything was taken from our camp, leaving the men and most of the officers without haversacks, blankets or shelter tents. At 8 o’clock P.M., the regiment moved forward, with the brigade, to a point near Strasburg, to protect the parties that were sent our to collect the property abandoned by the enemy in his hasty retreat. There we bivouacked for the night, without fires, the men suffering severely for want of blankets and proper clothing to protect them from the excessive cold.

It would appear invidious to mention individual cases of gallantry, during the day, when all, both men and officers, did their whole duty. I cannot close, however, without referring to the bravery of our lamented Colonel Wilds, who was wounded soon after daylight and died November 18th. In him we lost a noble, brave and efficient officer. Captain Knott and Lieuteant Kurtz were wounded and captured, but both were retaken in the evening. Captain Smith, and lieutenant Davis, were captured in the morning about daylight. The loss of the regiment was: Killed; enlisted men 7; Wounded; officers 6, enlisted men 39. Captured; officers 2, enlisted men 39. Total casualties 93. Captured; officers 2, enlisted men 39. Total casualties 93; a list of which is hereto annexed.



Ed Wright, Lieutenant Colonel Twenty-fourth Regiment, Iowa Infantry Volunteer.

H. B. Baker, Adjutant General State of Iowa.

Report of Adjutant General of Iowa, 1865, Vol. 2 pages 1157-1159

http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ia/county/linn/civil war/24th/24 history p2.htm



Numerical list of casualties in Second Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, in the engagement of October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va.

Killed Wounded Missing

Officers Men Officers Men Officers Men Total

First

Brigade 2 26 9 139 5 176 357

Second

Brigade 2 18 13 161 2 90 286

Third

Brigade 1 19 9 82 3 206 320 Fourth

Brigade 3 23 19 184 6 97 332 First

Maine

Battery 1 2 1 16 0 8 28 Total 1325

(Cedar Creek Report, Commander, Second Division, 19th Corps, OR, 43, 322-5)






[81] Company H lost four men wounded, including Captain [Abraham] R. Knott and four prisoners; total eight men. (Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Part II Record of Events Volume 20 Serial no. 32. Broadfoot Publishing Company Wilmington, NC 1995.)


[82] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove


[83] Jim Funkhouser email, June 16, 2010.


[84] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg


[85] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf


[86] wikipedia


[87] The Northeastern Reporter (1911) 491-492 sent by Jim Funkhouser 5/30/2009


[88] wikipedia


[89] Centennial Commiyttee of Buck Creek United Methodist Church. Buck Creek United Methodist Church Centennial 1875-1975. This booklet is available in the Delaware County Historical Museum, Hopkinton, Iowa.


[90] Roscoe Willard, June 20, 1994.


[91] There goes the neighborhood: Rural School Consolidation a the Grass Roots in Early Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 140.


[92] There goes the neighborhood: Rural School Consolidation a the Grass Roots in Early Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 141


[93] There goes the neighborhood: Rural School Consolidation a the Grass Roots in Early Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 141


[94] Buck Creek Parish, The Department of Rural Work of The Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1919, page 2.


[95] American Experience, Influenza 1918, 10/29/2009


[96] Wikipedia


[97] The Ku Klux Klan, A Study of the American Mind by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D. page 7.




[98] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 195.


[99] The Ku Klux Klan, A Study of the American Mind by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D. page 8.


[100] The Ku Klux Klan, A Study of the American Mind, by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D, 1924, page 12-13.


[101] The Ku Klux Klan, A Study of the American Mind, by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D, 1924, page 12-13.


[102] The Ku Klux Klan, A Study of the American Mind, by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D, 1924, page 13-14.


[103] The Ku Klux Klan, A Study of the American Mind, by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D, 1924, page 14.




[104] The Ku Klux Klan, A Study of the American Mind, by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D, 1924, page 31-32.


[105] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mussolini-founds-the-fascist-party


[106] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 217.


[107] wikipedia


[108] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Wegener


[109] Wikipedia


[110] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt


[111] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt


[112] Smithsonian, February 2010, page 60


[113] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini#World_War_I


[114] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt


[115] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini#World_War_I


[116] On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[117] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 612, 619.


[118] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial, by Serge Klarsfeld, page 14.


[119] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1764.


• [120] Adolf Eichmann: Hitler’s Master of Death.

• 1998. HISTI


[121] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[122] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviets-liberate-auschwitz


[123] On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[124] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1768.


[125] The Abandonment of the Jews, America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945 by David S. Wymen page 29.


[126] The Abandonment of the Jews, America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945 by David S. Wymen page 29.


[127] http://www.zionism-israel.com/his/Israel_and_Jews_before_the_state_timeline.htm




[128] This Day in Jewish History.


[129] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy


[130] Deathcamps.org


[131] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy


[132] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy


[133] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy




[134] This Day in Jewish History.


[135] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1768.


[136] http://www.cv6.org/1941/wake/wake_2.htm


[137] http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Chronology_1942.html


[138] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1771.


[139] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Roosevelt


[140] wikipedia


[141] http://birthdayofeternity.blogspot.com/2013/03/walter-francis-white-march-21-1955-i.html


[142] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal


[143] http://www.dallasnews.com/news/jfk50/reflect/20131012-extremists-in-dallas-created-volatile-atmosphere-before-jfks-1963-visit.ece


• [144] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf




[145] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf


[146] http://www.dallasnews.com/news/jfk50/reflect/20131012-extremists-in-dallas-created-volatile-atmosphere-before-jfks-1963-visit.ece




[147] This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.Skipjack-class submarine:


•Skipjack
•Scamp
•Scorpion
•Sculpin
•Shark
•Snook












[148] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 502




[149]On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[150] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1288118/


[151] Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taps&oldid=547561585"

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