This Day in Goodlove History, October 23, 2014

11,901 names…11,901 stories…11,901 memories…
This Day in Goodlove History, October 23, 2014

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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.

The Goodlove Family History Website:

http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html

The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

• • Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.





Birthdays on October 23…

Aaron Aylesworth (3rd great granduncle)

Kenneth A.J. Bargahiser (6th cousin 1x removed)

Wesley E. Gatewood (half 3rd cousin 4x removed)

Byron E. Godsell (2nd great grandnephew of the wife of the 3rd great granduncle)

Robert Harrison (1st cousin 10x removed)

Mary J. Nix Burch (7th cousin 4x removed)

Lloyd Rowell (7th cousin 4x removed)

Zadoc Springer (brother in law of the 5th great grandmother)

April M. Winch Lubbock (maternal 1st cousin)

October 23, 4.004k BC: According to 17th century divine James Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh, and Dr. John Lightfoot of Cambridge, the world was created on this day, a Sunday, at 9 a.m. "If you grew up with the King James edition of the Bible that I did, you learned that the world was created in 4004 BC."
(NG, Nov. 1985, edit. p.559)(HN, 10/23/98) [1]

6,000 years ago… Jared. [2]:

Earth Temps Over Last 18,000 Years


Compiled by R.S. Bradley and J.A. Eddy based on J.T. Houghton et al., Climate Change: The IPCC Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990 and published in EarthQuest, vo. 1, 1991. Courtesy of Thomas Crowley, Remembrance of Things Past: Greenhouse Lessons from the Geologic Record[3]

6000 years ago the Sahara would have savannah, woodland, lakes, and rivers. It would also have a rather large human population. 6,000 years ago North Africa was home to hunter gatherers, who lived a nomadic existence who lived in close communion with the land. But then something happened. The monsoon began to retreat. There was a collapse of the vegetation system, and the rains disappeared. An abrupt shift in global climate caused a massive interruption in weather patterns worldwide. The transformation of North Africa from grassland to desert was also caused by changes in the currents in the North Atlantic.[4] The desertification of the Sahara was swift and deadly. [5]

6,000 years ago

[6]

[7]

4,000 B.C.: Tell Hamoukar

Coordinates: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png36°48′43″N 41°57′21″E / 36.81194°N 41.95583°E / 36.81194; 41.95583 Hamoukar (in Arabic: حموقار) is a large archaeological site located in the Jazira region of northeastern Syria near the Iraqi border (Al Hasakah Governorate) and Turkey.


Hamoukar


Hamoukar is located in Syria

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png

Hamoukar

Location in Syria


Coordinates: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png36°48′43″N 41°57′21″E / 36.81194°N 41.95583°E / 36.81194; 41.95583




History

The Excavations have shown that this site houses the remains of one of the world's oldest known cities, leading scholars to believe that cities in this part of the world emerged much earlier than previously thought.

Traditionally, the origins of urban developments in this part of the world have been sought in the riverine societies of southern Mesopotamia (in what is now southern Iraq). This is the area of ancient Sumer, where around 4000 BC many of the famous Mesopotamian cities such as Ur and Uruk emerged, giving this region the attributes of "Cradle of Civilization" and "Heartland of Cities."[1] Following the discoveries at Hamoukar, this definition may have to extended further up the Tigris River to include that part of northern Syria where Hamoukar is located.[2]

This archaeological discovery suggests that civilizations advanced enough to reach the size and organizational structure that was necessary to be considered a city could have actually emerged before the advent of a written language. Previously it was believed that a system of written language was a necessary predecessor of that type of complex city. Most importantly, archaeologists believe this apparent city was thriving as far back as 4000 BC and independently from Sumer. Until now, the oldest cities with developed seals and writing were thought to be Sumerian Uruk and Ubaid in Mesopotamia, which would be in the southern one-third of Iraq today.

The discovery at Hamoukar indicates that some of the fundamental ideas behind cities—including specialization of labor, a system of laws and government, and artistic development—may have begun earlier than was previously believed. The fact that this discovery is such a large city is what is most exciting to archaeologists. While they have found small villages and individual pieces that date much farther back than Hamoukar, nothing can quite compare to the discovery of this size and magnitude. Discoveries have been made here that have never been seen before, including materials from Hellenistic and Islamic civilizations.

[edit] Archaeology

Excavation by a joint Syrian-American expedition (by the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago and the Syrian Directorate General of Antiquities) has been conducted since 1999.[3][4][5][6][7]

Excavation work undertaken in 2005 and 2006 has shown that this city was destroyed by warfare by around 3500 BC-—probably the earliest urban warfare attested so far in the archaeological record of the Near East.[8] Contiuned excavations in 2008 and 2010 expand on that. [9]

Eye Idols made of alabaster or bone have been found in Tell Hamoukar. Eye Idols have also been found in Tell Brak, the biggest settlement from Syria's Late Chalcolithic period.[10][8]



4000 B.C.: Nomadic people in Central Asia learn to tame horses for the first time. Domesticated horses will be harnessed throughout Eurasia advancing everything from work to warfare. Perhaps no other animal has had a bigger influence on human history. [9]

6,000 years ago…Ears of corn were only about as long as a persons thumb and barely edible. It took thousands of years to develop a more nourishing and larger hybrid and also a hybrid that could grow in cooler climates outside of Meso America.[10]

9100_3952[11]

4,000 B.C.: Artifacts found on Moraine Hills State Park (McHenry, IL) property indicate man's presence in the area within 1,000 years of the Wisconsin glacier's retreat. Seasonal habitation of the park area extends back to approximately 4,000 B.C. Native American tribes that occupied or passed through the area include the Potawatomi, Sauk, Fox and possibly the Miami and Winnebago. The Sauk and Fox tribes, originally from what is now Canada, claimed ownership of the land at the time of white settlement.[12]

By 4000 B.C. the climate had become in­creasingly temperate, approaching its present characteristics, with an average of thirty-six inches of rain a year. The DuPage vicinity became part of the "Prairie Peninsula" in northern Illinois, for it is located on the edge of the prairie from the west and of the woodlands to the east, at the boundary of moisture stream­ing off the Gulf of Mexico and of the pre­vailing westerly winds. This intersection ac­counts for both the volatile weather and variety of plants.[13]

6,000 YEARS AGO…

Volo Bog State Natural Area

Last updated 7 days ago




Volo Bog State Natural Area


IUCN category Ib (wilderness area)


Volo Bog open-water center.JPG
The open-water center of Volo Bog, surrounded by tamarack trees


Map showing the location of Volo Bog State Natural Area

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png

Map of the U.S. state of Illinois showing the location of Volo Bog State Natural Area


Location

Lake County, Illinois, USA


Nearest city

Ingleside, Illinois


Coordinates

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png42°21′06″N 88°11′10″W / 42.35167°N 88.18611°W / 42.35167; -88.18611Coordinates: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png42°21′06″N 88°11′10″W / 42.35167°N 88.18611°W / 42.35167; -88.18611


Area

1,150 acres (470 ha)


Established

1970


Governing body

Illinois Department of Natural Resources


Volo Bog State Natural Area is a nature reserve in Illinois, United States, preserving Volo Bog. The bog was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1973 as the only remaining open-water quaking bog in Illinois.[1] The site also contains woodlands, savanna, marshes, prairie restoration areas, shrubland and old fields. Maintained by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (Illinois DNR), the site is located about a mile west of U.S. Route 12 between the towns of Volo and Fox Lake, Illinois.[2]

Bog biology

The bog itself is 47.5 acres (19.2 ha) in size. It was originally a steep-sided lake created by the melting of a large chunk of glacial ice at the end of the Wisconsonian glaciation. About 6,000 years before the present, a mat of sphagnum moss began to grow out into the water, playing a major role in the evolution of this geological feature from a lake into a bog.

As the sphagnum mat aged and thickened, the developing bog (already poorly-drained) became acidic. The bog's changing pH levels encouraged the growth of other acid-loving plant species, such as leatherleaf, certain specialized orchids, and coniferous tamarack trees. The develop of a tamarack grove on the edge of the bog signaled further change in the wetland.

By historic times Volo Bog was deep into the process of plant succession. While the center of the bog remained a pool of open water, shallower sections of the sphagnum-moss cushion had begun to provide a substrate for the growth of woody plants, such as tamaracks and poison sumac. The edges of the bog were further developing from a bog into a slightly drier wetland.

A state-owned protective zone around the bog displays further stages of plant succession. The entire state park displays a microcosm of plant succession, from bog, through wetland, to sedge-grass meadow.

Bog history

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/Voloboardwalk.JPG/220px-Voloboardwalk.JPG

http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.20wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png

The boardwalk trail through the tamarack zone to the bog

During the 19th century Volo Bog was known to neighbors but not to outsiders. While the damp meadows surrounding the bog provided pasturage for a dairy farm, the bog itself was not economically utilized. The first field study mentioning Volo Bog was published by W.G. Waterman of Northwestern University in 1921.

As the 20th century moved forward, population growth in the greater Chicago area placed Volo Bog under threat from residential development. Cyrus Mark, the first president of the Illinois chapter of The Nature Conservancy, spearheaded the efforts to purchase Volo Bog for preservation. Under Mark's leadership, the Conservancy's Illinois chapter purchased the 47.5-acre (19.2 ha) bog and donated it to the University of Illinois in 1958; this was the first land purchase made by the Illinois Nature Conservancy.[3] The university served as the bog's custodian from 1958 until 1970.

Growth in public sensitivity toward ecological concerns in the 1960s led to fears that the bog could not survive as an isolated unit. It became clear that the wetlands and meadows surrounding the bog formed an essential element in the survival of the bog itself, as well as serving as a teaching tool for plant succession. In 1970 with widespread local public support, the University of Illinois transferred the bog to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and the state of Illinois began purchasing parcels of land surrounding the bog to create the current 1,150-acre (470 ha) park.

Volo Bog was listed as a National Natural Landmark in 1973. One of the wetland farm's original, circa-1900 dairy barns was renovated and reopened as the bog's visitor center in 1980.

Work since 1980 has concentrated on rebuilding and maintaining trails throughout the bog, increasing the accessibility of the bog and visitor center for persons with disabilities, and operating continuing ecology-education programs for adults and schoolchildren.

Recreation

Volo Bog State Natural Area currently offers two major trails. An elevated 0.5-mile (0.80 km) boardwalk leads from the Visitor Center into the bog itself. A 2.75-mile (4.43 km) ground trail circles through the wetlands and meadows surrounding the bog.[14]

4k BC In 2011 it was reported that the earliest known winery, dating to about this time, had been discovered in Armenia.
(SFC, 1/11/11, p.A2)
c4k BC People in the Yellow River Valley switched from hunting and gathering to agriculture.
(SFC, 3/4/02, p.A3)
c4k BC Apples (Malus Sieversii) similar to modern day varieties began to appear around Almaty, Kazakhstan. These ultimately produced the Red Delicious and Golden Delicious in America. The Red Delicious was hybridized into the Fuji and the Empire. The Golden Delicious was hybridized into the Gala, the Jonagold, the Mutsu, Pink Lady and Elstar.
(WSJ, 7/3/03, p.A1)[15]


4k BC The Hittites settled around Cappadocia in present day Turkey.
(Smith., 5/95, p.25)
4k BC Skilled goldsmiths [proto-Thracians] lived in the area of Varna, now in Bulgaria, on the Black Sea.
(SFEC, 2/1/98, p.T3)(SFEC, 8/2/98, DB p.22)
4k BC Stone tablets show cheese as early as this time.
(HFA, '96, p.121)
4k BC Evidence of tuberculosis was found in a Neolithic burial ground near Heidelberg, where the skeleton of a young man showed fusion of the fourth and fifth dorsal vertebrae.
(WP, 1951, p.5)
4k BC Circumcision was part of religious rites in Egypt and Greece dating back to this time.
(SFC, 5/19/96, p.A-10)
c4k BC In Malta the Hypogeum, a complex of rock-cut chamber tombs, dated to this time. They were discovered in 1902.
(SFEC, 9/17/00, p.T3)
4k BC The Orkney Islands were inhabited at least since this time.
(SFEM, 10/10/99, p.23)
c4k BC In Poland the archeological site at Oslonki uncovered some 30 longhouses and 80 graves.
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.73)
4k BC Chiefdoms of northern Europe were trading in amber.
(PacDis, Winter/'97, p.10)
4k BC The comet Hale-Bopp visited the inner solar system about this time. It next appeared in 1997.
(SFC, 3/28/97, p.A2)
c4k BC The Pistol Star, located between the Earth and center of the Milky Way, was first seen with infrared equipment in the early 1990s. It was measured to be 25,000 light-years away with a radius of 93-140 million miles. It was estimated to have formed 1-3 million years ago and shed much of its mass in violent eruptions estimated to have occurred about 6,000 years ago.
(USAT, 10/8/97, p.3A)
4k BC The oldest artifacts of the Mesopotamian city of Ur dated to about this time.
(ON, 8/20/11, p.9)
c4k BC The last wooly mammoths, Mammuthus primigenius, went extinct on Wrangel Island, north of the Arctic Circle.
(NH, 12/98, p.78)

6,000 years ago: The oldest chewing gum is 6,000 years old.[16]

4k BC - 3k BC The Indo-European language group divided into different branches.
(DrEE, 9/21/96, p.1) [17]

4k BC - 2.5k BC A rock painting from this time in Tassili n'Ajjer, southeastern Algeria, illustrates a battle between 2 prehistoric groups armed with bows and arrows.
(NH, Jul, p.29) [18]

100_3988[19]



100_3989

100_3984[20]

6,000 years ago…

100_3985[21]

100_3986[22]

4000 to 2000 B.C.

[23]



October 23, 1642: The First Civil War started on October 23, 1642 with the inconclusive Battle of Edgehill. Charles then set up his court at Oxford, when his government controlled roughly the Midlands, Wales, the West Country and north of England. Parliament remained in control of London and the south-east as well as East Anglia.[162] Henrietta Maria returned to Britain in 1643.[163] The war continued indecisively through 1643 and 1644, until the Battle of Naseby tipped the military balance decisively in favour of Parliament. [24] Failure to resolve the issues before the Long Parliament led to armed conflict between Parliament and Charles I in late 1642, the beginning of the English Civil War. Before joining Parliament's forces Cromwell's only military experience was in the trained bands, the local county militia. He recruited a cavalry troop in Cambridgeshire after blocking a valuable shipment of silver plate from Cambridge colleges that was meant for the king. Cromwell and his troop then rode to, but arrived too late to take part in the indecisive Battle of Edgehill on October 23, 1642. The troop was recruited to be a full regiment in the winter of 1642 and 1643, making up part of the Eastern Association under the Earl of Manchester. [25]

Wednesday October 23, 1754

George Washington, after having a disagreement with Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia, resigns his commission in the Virginia Regiment. Dinwiddie wants the Regiment divided up into separate companies with no officer in complete command.[26] (Separate autonomous companies. [27]) This would demote Washington and several other of the officers and possibly dilute the strength of the Regiment which was the only force protecting the Virginia frontier.



Williamsburg, October 23, 1754.



Sir: Nothing could have given me, and the Officers under my command, greater satisfaction, than to have received the thanks of the House of Burgesses, in so particular and honour able a manner, for our Behaviour in the late unsuccessful Engagement with the French at the Great Meadows; and we unanimously hope, that our future Conduct in the Service of our Country may entitle us to a continuance of its approbation. I assure you, Sir, I shall always look upon it as my indispensable duty, to endeavour to deserve it.



I was desired, by the Officers of the Virginia Regiment, to offer their grateful thanks for the Honour which has been conferred upon them: and hope the enclosed will be indulgently received, and answer their, and the intended purpose of, Sir, your most etc.[28]



October 23, 1770: (GW) Stayd at this place till One Clock in the Afternoon & padled abt.

12 Miles down the River & Incamped.



October 23rd, 1770: (GW) —Several imperfect accounts coming in, agreeing that only one person was killed, and the Indians not supposing it to be done by their people, we resolved to pursue our passage, till we could get a more dis­tinct account of this transaction. Accordingly, about two o’clock we set out with the two Indians, who were to accompany us in our canoe, and after about four miles came to the mouth of a creek on the east side. The Cross Creeks, as they are called, are not large ; that on the east side is the biggest. At the Mingo Town we found and left more than sixty warriors, of the Six Nations, going to the Cherokee country, to proceed to war against the Catabas.

About ten miles below the town, we came to two other cross creeks; that on the west is the larger, and called by Nicholson [29]french Creek. About three miles, or a little more, below this, at the lower point of some islands, which stand contiguous to each other, we were told by the Indians, that three men from Virginia had marked the land from hence all the way to Red Stone; that there was a body of exceedingly fine land lying about this place, and up opposite to the Mingo Town, as also down to the mouth of Fishing Creek. At this place we encamped.[30]



October 23, 1771: (GW) After dinner set of for Williamsburg.[31]

October 23, 1777



Maj. James Chew to Gen. Edward Hand. IU124—A. L. S.] FORT PITT October 23d 1777.



DEAR GENERAL—by two men from the County of Monongalia Yesterday evening I was inform’d that Hickison, the Cursed Tory was drown’d in Crossing Cheat River, in Company with Co1. Morgan and Several others, the Magestrates of that County have Accused Col. Morgan, as the Person who threw the said Hickson into the River and Proceed to find him Guilty & have Past Sentence for his further Tryal at Williamsburgh by the Accounts my informant Gives me no Positive Proof Could be made Appear, against the Col. Please Receive the Acct. in their Own Words. Cob. Morgan after Ironing Hickson was seen to turn away from him, and was not seen by any Person, tho, there were six others in the Boat or flatt, besides some others on the shore, to lay hands on the said Hickeson but on Getting a Cross went off without making any Schearch for him, tho his Hat was seen on the River. the Court notwithstanding, have Done the fatal stroke & Ordered him to Williamsburgh. This will stop the Militia from that County, which will Ruin the Expdition. Good Heaven that the Death of a Vile Tory should Effect us so nearly & Ruin what you have with so much Labour, pains & Dificulty almost Accomplished. Yet, Sir, Without Some Method Can Timely be thought of that will set aside the ill timed Judgmt. of Court, The Miiitia from that County are not to be Expected. I know the People there well and am sensible that it is not in the Power of any other Man but Col. Morgan to march them. You Good Sir, saw the Intrepid behaviour of those People at the Apprehending of the Torys, also heard how the Popular Voice, was to Hang them on the Spot, it is easy for you to Judge, how much Louder, that Cry is now Extended against the Court for Condemning the Col. Provided the fact had been Proved, which it seems was not done, im­politic when no other Man, Can do any thing with the Militia to still Irritate them by Condemning, the only Man that could, much more at this Juncture when you had Honored him with your Instructions; Might it not be to Presuming in me I would intreat you to go to that County Your Presence Could do every thing that is Required for the People there book up to you as their Protector.


Any Commands you in the Mean time shall be Please to give me shall be most Cheerfully Obeyed. I will Repair any where, do any thing, so that the Expedition goes On, and Let me add that my Dear freind the Col. may be extricated from the Heavy Charge Laid against him. Will you be so Kind as to forgive the faults of this Letter as I am much imbarrassed & Confused for the best of Freinds & the Disapointments you have Experience[d] on this side the Mountains I am Dear General With the Greatest Respect Your obliged & most Hble Scrt.

JAMES CHEW



Col. Gibson writes all the News in this part of the Country and gives a much better Acct. of Col. Morgans affairs than I can Posible do at this Time.

On Public Service To. Brigadier General Hand at Fort Henry[32]



October 23, 1777: We continued our march at three o’clock, arriving at Cooper’s ferry. I was very sick and miserable. The march was made very quickly and we had nothing to eat. It was my fate to gbe very indisposed, and I wshed to Heaven to be away from there and back home On this day we also received the sad news that a warship, which had exchanged fire with the wecond fort, had blown up and that a frigate that was there grounded on a sandbank and had to be set afire. We remained lying there until nine o’clock at night, when we fortunately were shipped across While still dark, we marched throuth the city and a t one o’clock entered our former camp…[33]



October 23rd, 1777: This Day was Spent the Greatest part in bringing in the Slain and burying them and taking proper Care of the wounded, what time we had to Spair was Spent on our works, prepairing them for the Second attack, as we had inteligence of them Coming the Second time, but it only proved to be a Covering party for their Retreat, the Galleys made an Attack on the Agusta man of war as She had gotten aground and by Some Accident She took fire and blew up with a most terrible Explotion another twenty Gun Ship of the Enemys got a ground and they Set her on fire which also blew up, one fifty gun Ship got off Clear.[34][35]



T October 23, 1777: . the fore part of this day implying ourselves in burying the dead 73 buried in one grave 4 or 5 in [an]other & C / about 9 o’clock the Ships Eagle, Summersit, Isis, agusta, Pearl Leverpool & several Fregates with a Galley, came up to the Chevaux de frize 500 yards from the fort, at the same time the Land Batteries & our gallies, & the British Squadron engaged and one of the Most Solumest Actions commenced, that may be seen by a soldiers eye, the Spectacle was magnificent, to se at once, the river covered with Ships, four great gire ships, in a blasé, floating on the Water / the Island & Main covered with Smoak & fire /.[36][37]

October 23-24th, 1777

On the night of the 23-24th all the troops arrived on this side of th Delaware, so the Hessian corps moved back into its old position on the left of the camp, and Grenadier Battalion von Lengerke incamped beside the English Guards. The other two grenadier battalions, out of which only 190 men are fit for duty, have gone into barracks together with the Regiment von Mirback, which had 112 killed and wounded.[38]

October 23, 1782: Capt. Simon Kentons Pay Roll from the 23’s of Octr (October 23) until 23d of November (November 23) 1782 Enterd & Bundled as before— It appears to the CommTs that Capt Kenton is only entitled…[39]



October 23, 1810: Elizabeth “Betsey” Stephenson. On October 23, 1810 Elizabeth “Betsey” married Uriah Humble HINCH, son of Samuel Thomas HINCH (-1807) & Charity HUMBLE (1756-1831), in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri. Born in 1790. Uriah Humble died in Audrain County, Missouri on January 27, 1855; he was 65. [40]



October 23, 1821: John STEPHENSON. Born in 1785 in Kentucky.



On October 23, 1821 when John was 36, he married Margaret BENNETT, in Boone County, Missouri. Born in 1796 in Madison County, Kentucky. Margaret died in Boone Or Callaway County, Missouri in 1871; she was 75.



They had one child:

i. Mary C. Born on March 20, 1837 in Boone County, Missouri. Mary C. died in Pomona, California on May 21, 1907; she was 70.

In 1867 when Mary C. was 29, she married Joseph P. MORRIS, in Callaway County, Missouri. Born on February 29, 1836 in Missouri. Joseph P. died in Pomona, California on November 28, 1911; he was 75. [41]



October 23, 1823: Andrew Jackson arrived at Hermitage after a visit to Murfreesboro. [42]



October 23, 1827: Rebecca Godlove b: Abt. 1807 d: November 14, 1899 in Perry Co., OH

.......... +James Allen b: 1806 in VA m: October 23, 1827 in Perry Co., OH d: October 14, 1871 in Bearfield Township Perry Co., OH[43]

October 23, 1827: In the Fairfield County Recorder's Office, book P, page 520 dated Oct. 23, 1827, Moses Crawford purchased from Alex Nedles (Needles), a sixty acre farm for the sum of four hundred dollars; in Range 20, Township 14, Section 2. This place may be located in the norther part of Bloom Township, very near the course of the old Ohio ?Canal. The house was built of logs, two stories hight, nestled in the rolling hills of Fairfield County, Ohio and for which this beautiful county was named. The house is rather large and in late years has been altered by modern day convenient living, yet the old structure remains about the same, including the old brick walk, unused since the changes caused by the cvounty road surveys. The place is most quaint and picuresque, with a narrow parch, suggesting the most welcome rest on a summer enening. IN the spring, summer, fall and winter, this place is truly a setting typical of Currier H. Ives.

The Crawford place dates back to Samuel Spurgion, the first owner, who sold it to Henry Dove in 1807, who in turn sold it to George Needles in 1820. George Needles then sold it to Alex Nedles (Needles) in 1823. As referred to before, Alex Needles sold it to Moses Crawforde(Crofford) Sr., Oct. 23, 1827.[44]

1828

Theopolis McKinnon voted for Clay in 1828.[45]

1828

Abraham Baer Gottlober met Joseph Perl in 1828.[46]

1828

When his inclination for secular knowledge became known, his father-in-law, on the advice of a Hasidic rabbi, caused the young couple to be divorced, and Gottlober, who had joined the Hasidim after his marriage, now became their bitter enemy.[47]



In 1828, Gottlober traveled with his father to Satanov, Tarnopol, and Brody, where he grew acquainted with some of the leading maskilim of Galicia (including Yosef Perl and Betsal’el Stern). When his Haskalah tendencies were revealed, he was forced to divorce his wife. He remarried, but this marriage, too, ended after a short time.[48]



1828

Mathias GUTLEBEN was born about 1828. [49]

1828 – Gold was discovered near Dahlonega on Ward’s Creek, a tributary of the Chestatee River, within the Cherokee Nation East.[50]

100_1726[51]

1828-1832

Another notable crisis during ancestor and President Andrew Jackson's period of office was the "Nullification Crisis", or "secession crisis," of 1828 – 1832, which merged issues of sectional strife with disagreements over tariffs. Critics alleged that high tariffs (the "Tariff of Abominations") on imports of common manufactured goods made in Europe made those goods more expensive than ones from the northern U.S., raising the prices paid by planters in the South. Southern politicians argued that tariffs benefited northern industrialists at the expense of southern farmers.

The issue came to a head when Vice President Calhoun, in the South Carolina Exposition and Protest of 1828, supported the claim of his home state, South Carolina, that it had the right to "nullify"—declare void—the tariff legislation of 1828, and more generally the right of a state to nullify any Federal laws which went against its interests. Although Jackson sympathized with the South in the tariff debate, he was also a strong supporter of a strong union, with effective powers for the central government. Jackson attempted to face down Calhoun over the issue, which developed into a bitter rivalry between the two men.[52]

In 1828 Rev. William Keil came from Virginia to this settlement and organized the Lutheran church at MT. Zion. Michael and his wife (Margaret Gottlieb/Godlove) were charter members.

"The Spade Family in America", author Abraham Thompsom Secrest. Published privately November 1920, Columbus, Ohio.

October 23, 1862: According to Edwards there were just seventy-eight men in the march to Arkansas, but he also stated that they started the march south on October 23.[53]



Sun. October 23, 1864

Some warmer in camp all day The Skilman[54]

Was here today wrote a letter to wildcat

Grove one to HW Winans[55]

(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary)[56]



October 23, 1868: Mary Jane Nix (b. October 23, 1868 in AL / d. June 21, 1935 in TX)[57] Mary Jane Nix14 [John Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. October 23, 1868 in Randolph Co. AL / d. June 21, 1935 in TX) married John C. Commander Burch (b. September 25, 1868 in Randolph Co. AL / d. June 8, 1951 in TX), the son of Edward Burch and Elizabeth Taylor, on September 15, 1887 in Cullman Co. AL. [58]





October 23, 1893: Carter Harrison III (1825-1893)

Fayette Co., KY; Chicago, IL

Surnames Mentioned: HARRISON OWSLEY RANDOLPH RUSSELL

Repository ID # 8334 - extensive ancestry available in our online database.

PhotoCarter Harrison III, the 24th Mayor of Chicago was born in Fayette County Kentucky February 15, 1825 and could trace his ancestry back to Pocahontas through his grandmother Anne Cabell who was GGGG grandniece of Pocahontas.

He was the son of Carter Henry Harrison II and Caroline Russell. Caroline was the daughter of Col. William Russell. His father died soon after his birth in May of 1825. Carter received a classical education, graduating from Yale in 1845 and a law degree from Transylvania in 1855.

At first he tried his hand at farming, but when he moved to Chicago in 1855, Carter became a very lucrative landowner and a very prosperous real estate operator.

He built a very large house on was known as Reuben Street. Later when Hey Rube became a popular term of ridicule and the residents of the street were called Rubes, the residents had the streets name changed to Ashland Avenue. The houses were spacious and the grounds the size of country side farms.

Carter had a very bush beard and was described as follows: "The squire of the avenue was Mayor Carter H. Harrison who kept his big black bay mare named Kate in a stable near his house and liked to ride up and down the street in the manner of a plantation owner looking over his acreage". He described himself "unable to study out a problem or scheme sitting at his desk but did his best thinking at full gallop upon his flying steed"..

Among his closest friends were several former Kentuckians HH. Honre, Potter Palmer, John E. Owsley and F, H. Winston who were also all in real estate. His friends shared his optimism and considered him "whole-souled and honorable". And even though his political emenies condemned him it was also said he had a host of friends who had little in common with him socially but who "had the utmost confidence in him and who would divide with him their last crust bread". To quote from his journals he wrote "There were my good neighbors and true friends from all over the city . One by one they walked accrossed the polished plate and bent upon me a kindly look. Friends of every nationality, Teuton and Hibernian, Frenchman and Norseman, Bohemian and Dane, Italian and Swede, Christain and Jew, rich and poor, Ah! How I wish I could bid yon pale moon bear to them my own picture, looking as I feel, brimful of good will and running over with kindly fellowship. To one and all I drink in a cup as full as yon sea, a cup brimming over with affection."

Carter's second wife who he married April 12, 1855 was his cousin Sophonisba Grayson Preston, the daughter of William Preston and Hebe Carter Grayson and 7th great granddaughter of Pocahontas. She was born October 27, 1833 and died in September 1876. She bore him ten children six which died in infancy (see below).

From Carter Harrison's IV (his son) autobiography, The Stormy Years, we are given the following glimpses into life at the Harrison home. He speaks of dinner his father and John Owsley hosted given in the parlor of Carter's home which the boys were not even allowed to festivities of although they could hear the lusty singing of Good Old Yale, Drink Her Down!, Excelsior and other classics. "It was a small but joyous gathering of the Chicago Yale Club given to song, horseplay and wassail; there was a huge punchbowl into which my father had poured pitcher after pitcher of Bourbon whisky drawn from the barrell in his cellar".

Carter Harrison III first became mayor of Chicago April 1, 1879 when he defeated Abner M. Wright (Republican) & Ernst Schmidt (Socialist Labor). His second term was begun April 5, 1881 by Defeating John M. Clark (Republican), Timothy O'Meara (Independent) & George Schilling (Socialist Labor) . On April 3, 1883 he defeated Eugene Cary (Republican) and began his third term. His fourth term followed April 7, 1885 when he defeated Sidney Smith (Republican) & William Bush (Prohibition).

In 1887 after being defeated he left on a tour of the world. When he returned he once again pursued politics and April 7, 1893 he was again elected mayor, Defeated Samuel W. Allerton (Republican), Dewitt C. Cregier (Un. Citizen) & Henry Ehrenpreis (socialist Labor). But this term was cut short. On October 23, 1893 during the Chicago World's Fair he was assassinated at his home.[59]

October 23, 1909: Lloyd Rowell (b. October 23, 1909 in GA / d. June 7, 1947 in GA).[60]



October 23, 1923: Siegfried Gottlieb, born October 23,1923 in Berlin. Resided Berlin. Deportation: 1942, Auschwitz. Todesdaten: January 12, 1943, Auschwitz. [61]



October 23, 1924 the Southern American was claiming 3,000 subscriptions. Later they boasted a circulation in excess of 4,000 daily as the Klan continued to grow in strength.

Anti-Klan personalities were immediately singled out in the wrath of the American paper. These included H.C. Haynes, the Centerville postmaster and Steve Martin, who ran Pure Ice Co. Others were Frank Payne, general counselor for Iowa Southern Utilities Co., J.M. Beck, Iowegian editor, William Bradley, banker and B.S. Staley, a contractor. When Iowa Southern stopped advertising in the American, Wright and Reed called on ISU president, Ed Buhlman, and plainly told him to advertise in the American or “suffer the consequences.”

Open air meetings were held and large Klan gatherings took place in several audience rooms including the IOOF hall. John Joseph, a merchant, was one of the strong supporters. While the Klan was anti-black and anti-foreign, it had a strong supporter here in one John Joseph, a merchant, who sold stock in his local enterprise and, at one time, announced the building of a clothing factory at Moulton.

There were those who thought the organization was sincere, but a great many others felt that the leaders, including McDonald, Reed, Joseph and others might be more largely influenced by what they could get out of it financially. Dues were fairly heavy, and a considerable sum of money found its way into the pockets of G.N. McDonald, who eventually left the city with far more cash than he had when he arrived.

Through all of this, some people were deeply sincere in following the lead of McDonald. They felt that they were actually seeking to bring unadulterated Americanism and a better way of life to this area.[62]



October 23, 1936



Sunday, January 16, 2005 (6)





October 23, 1940: The Jewish Hospital in Warsaw was forced to close and move into the Warsaw Ghetto.[63]



October 23, 1941: Further emigration from Germany is prohibited.[64]



October 23, 1941 : Odessa “action” continued as 19,000 more Jews were gathered into the city square, sprayed with gasoline and burned alive.[65]



October 23, 1941: Thousands of Jews are murdered at Kragujevac, Yugoslavia.[66]



October 23, 1941: The Jews of Riga, Latvia, are ordered to leave their homes and and report for transfer to the guetto. Their home are ransacked first by the Germans who send the furniture and other idems back to Germany for the war effort and then by the Latvians who use the items as payment for their efforts. Almost 30,000 are imprisoned inside. Latvain Arajs Commandoes beat the Jews by day aand steal from them at night. [67]




October 23, 1942

USS Enterprise and USS South Dakota arrived at Nouméa, New Caledonia.


[68]

October 23, 1942: as the Marines and Americal soldiers repelled a second violent Japanese assault, the Big E and her task force rendezvoused with Hornet east of Espiritu Santo, forming Task Force 61, under Rear Admiral Thomas Kinkaid. Halsey, anticipating a Japanese move into the waters northeast of Guadalcanal, ordered Kinkaid to sweep north of the Santa Cruz islands - a small, malaria-infested chain 700 miles north of New Caledonia - to engage the Japanese fleet.

The next night, in heavy rain, the Marines and the Americal regiment fought off still another Japanese assault. In the confusion of battle, a Japanese lookout mistakenly reported green-white-green flares, signaling that the Japanese had captured the airfield. Hyakutake, mindful of Yamamoto's impatience, immediately radioed Rabaul, which in turn notified Yamamoto that the Army had at long last taken the airfield. Within hours, the Army began backing off the early, optimistic report, but not before Yamamoto had ordered the Combined Fleet, under Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondo, to sail southeast and "annihilate" any and all American naval forces it found. [69]

October 23, 1942:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/09-2361a.jpg/270px-09-2361a.jpg

http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png

Eleanor Roosevelt (centre), King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in London, October 23, 1942

Though the King and Queen spent the working day at Buckingham Palace, partly for security and family reasons they stayed at night at Windsor Castle about 20 miles (32 km) west of central London with the Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret. The Palace had lost much of its staff to the army, and most of the rooms were shut.[73] The windows were shattered by bomb blasts, and had to be boarded up.[74] During the "Phoney War" the Queen was given revolver training because of fears of imminent invasion.[75]

Adolf Hitler is said to have called her "the most dangerous woman in Europe" because he viewed her popularity as a threat to German interests.[5] However, before the war both she and her husband, like most of Parliament and the British public, had supported appeasement and Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, believing after the experience of the First World War that war had to be avoided at all costs. After the resignation of Chamberlain, the King asked Winston Churchill to form a government. Although the King was initially suspicious of his character and motives, in due course both the King and Queen came to respect and admire him.[76][77] At the end of the war in 1945, Churchill was invited onto the balcony in a similar gesture to that given to Chamberlain.

Post-war years

In the 1945 British general election, Churchill's Conservative party was soundly defeated by the Labour party of Clement Attlee. Elizabeth's political views were rarely disclosed,[78] but a letter she wrote in 1947 described Attlee's "high hopes of a socialist heaven on earth" as fading and presumably describes those who voted for him as "poor people, so many half-educated and bemused. I do love them."[79] Woodrow Wyatt thought her "much more pro-Conservative" than other members of the royal family,[80] but she later told him, "I like the dear old Labour Party."[81] She also told the Duchess of Grafton, "I love communists".[82] After six years in office, Attlee was defeated in the 1951 British general election and Churchill returned to power.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rhodesie_Sud_timbre_1drouge_041947.jpg/220px-Rhodesie_Sud_timbre_1drouge_041947.jpg

http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf10/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png

Southern Rhodesian stamp celebrating the 1947 royal tour of Southern Africa

During the 1947 royal tour of South Africa, Elizabeth's serene public behaviour was broken, exceptionally, when she rose from the royal car to strike an admirer with her umbrella because she had mistaken his enthusiasm for hostility.[83] The 1948 royal tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed because of the King's increasing ill health.[70]



October 23, 1944: Gittel Gottlieb, born July 28, 1915. Deportation: from Berlin, March 17, 1943, Theresienstadt, October 23, 1944, Auschwitz.[71]



October 23, 1944: Enterprise headed for Ulithi to replenish, but the approach of the Japanese fleet on October 23 called her back to action.

In the Battle of Leyte Gulf (October 23–26), Enterprise planes struck all three groups of enemy forces, battering battleships and destroyers before the action ended. The carrier remained on patrol east of Samar and Leyte until the end of October, then retired to Ulithi for supplies.[72]

On October 23, 1944, the Japanese fleet approached. What ensued was one of the most protracted naval battles in history.

The Japanese forces were divided into three groups, as was the American force. The six task forces encountered each other in a variety of configurations over the course of several days, but the Enterprise ended up engaging them all, shooting down planes and bombing battleships and destroyers from each Japanese group.

The Enterprise, overhauled to be the only vessel approved to conduct night operations, subsequently remained operational in the Pacific Theater reinforcing these American offensives for several more months. During this time she supported a variety of invasions, including the Battle of Iwo Jima.[73]



October 23, 1962



[74]

October 23, 1963 The Dallas United States Day Committee sponsors an evening

rally in Memorial Auditorium Theatre with former Major General Edwin A. Walker giving the

address. Oswald attends. Walker condemns the U.N. in anticipation of the coming visit of the

U.S. representative to the body, Adlai Stevenson.

The CIA requests a photograph of Lee Harvey Oswald to check against its own files.

LHO’s DD1173 identity card is supposedly postmarked on this date.

NOTE: The DD 1173 bears Oswald's photo, the circular seal of the U.S.

Department of Defense, and what appears to be a postmark -- dated Oct. 23, 1963,

less than a month before the assassination. Oswald was issued the identity card

by the U.S. Marine Corps on Sept. 11, 1959, nine days after his request for a

dependency discharge from the corps was approved. His stated reason for the

request was to support his mother, Marguerite, then living in Fort Worth.

Five weeks after receiving the card issued at El Toro Naval Air Station, Santa

Ana, Calif., Oswald crossed the Finnish-Soviet border on his way to Moscow.

Two weeks later, he announced his intention to defect to the Soviet Union.

Oswald's military record notes the identity card was issued "in accordance with

paragraph 3014.5 PRAM (Personnel Records and Accounting Manual)."

However, this paragraph pertains only to the issuance of USMC member cards

and does not apply to a DD 1173. The appropriate card for the discharged

Oswald, as stipulated by the PRAM, would have been a 2MC (RES), reflecting his

new status in the Ready Reserve.

Lt. Kim Miller, a Washington spokeswoman for the Marines, said Oswald could

have been issued a DD 1173 for one of two reasons: because of an injury while on

active duty entitling him to medical privileges, or because he was a civilian

employee overseas needing a military ID.

But records do not show an injury to Oswald, and civilian employment, she adds,

"would not have been annotated to his military book."

A similar finding was reached by Dennis Velock, reference historian of the U.S.

Army Military History institute of Carlisle, Penn. He notes issuance of DD 1173

was regulated under Department of Defense guidelines at the time Oswald

received his card. These guidelines limited recipients of such cards largely to

military dependents "and civilian who required military identification."

If such a card was issued in error, says Velock, "it wouldn't have been authorized,

and immediately upon being called to official attention would have been changed or

revoked."

There is no evidence Oswald's identity card was revoked, even after he defected,

threatened to provide military secrets to the Russians and received an

undesirable discharge from the Marine Corps in 1960. Oswald's card did not

expire until Dec. 7, 1962.

Oswald's card will not be printed in the photographic evidence of the Warren

Commission's report on the Kennedy assassination. But the head-on photograph

of Oswald on DD 1173 will be the same as two other Oswald photos included in

the report.

One is Warren Commission Exhibit 2892, identified by the FBI as "Photo taken in

Minsk." (The "Minsk" photo has a white circular cutout in the lower right hand corner

corresponding to the overlapping postmark on the Defense Department card.)

The Minsk contradiction -- Oswald's trip to Russia occurred after the issuance of

the DOD identity card -- was not evident to the commission, apparently because

the card was not made available to its members by the FBI.

In December 1966, when the FBI finally released Oswald's Defense Department

identity card to the National Archives, it arrived "nearly obliterated by FBI

testing," according to archivist Sue McDonough of the Civil Reference Branch.

"The color, the image, the printing, everything is gone," she said. "You couldn't use

it to show anything."

Challenging the archivist's assertion, FBI spokesman Bill Carter of the Public

Affairs Office in Washington asks, "How does she (McDonough) know it was tested

by the FBI? Does she have a report?"

"Who else but the FBI could have done it?" McDonough responds. She adds that

there are no pictures of the card in its un-obliterated state at the archives.

According to assassination writer David Lifton, there is no mention of DD 1173

in any FBI testing reports he has reviewed. These include non-published

commission documents, FBI Dallas field office reports and FBI summary reports

to the Warren Commission.

The same photo of Oswald on DD 1173 also appeared in the Warren Report

(Cadigan Exhibit 15) on a phony Selective Service classification card found in

Oswald's possessions with the name Alek James Hidell, the name he supposedly

used to purchase the assassination rifle by mail order.

It was the 112th Army Intelligence Group at Fort Sam Houston that notified the

FBI that he was carrying a fraudulent Selective Service card. How the military

knew this has never been explained.

The Hidell card, with its photograph of Oswald, was one of two major links

between Oswald and the assassination weapon. The other is a photograph --

known by its commission designation of 133A -- allegedly taken of Oswald

brandishing the weapon in the back yard of a home in the Oak Cliff area of

Dallas.

The 26-volume Warren Commission publication acknowledged the existence of

the DOD identity card in only two places: Oswald's military record and the

report of FBI agent Manning Clements, who listed the contents of Oswald's

wallet on the night of Nov. 22, 1963, after the Army Intelligence tip. Clements

cited both the DOD identity card and the Hidell card.

Clement's report, however, did not reveal that the two cards had the same

picture -- or that the DOD identity card had a photo at all.

The Oct. 23, 1963, postmark on Oswald's DOD identity card is a further enigma.

"If found, drop in any mailbox," the card's reverse side instructs. It then tells the

Postmaster, "Return to Department of Defense, Washington 25, D.C."

Robert Blakey, former general counsel to the House Select Committee on

Assassinations, considered the possibility that the card was lost, dropped in a

mailbox, postmarked and delivered to the Defense Department.

"In that case," says Blakey, "Defense would have had to have given it back to Oswald.

Interesting."

W. J. Liebeler, an associate counsel to the Warren Commission, expresses similar

surprise at the convolutions of Oswald's mysterious ID card.

"This is all new to me," he says. "Two things seem odd. The picture identified as Oswald

in Minsk, and the postmark on the defense card. The postmark implies the Defense

Department either mailed it back to him or gave it to him at some time."

If so, that would have happened less than a month before Kennedy's

assassination. Was, as some conspiracy th eorists suggest, Oswald working for the

U.S. government at the time?

Researcher Paul Hoch of Berkeley, Calif., attempted to discover the significance

of Oswald's DD Form 1173 as early as 1974.

He says "The HSCA (the House assassinations committee) attempted to deal with the

possibility that Oswald had been working with the U.S. government after he left the

Marines. But as far as we know, they didn't deal with this card. It may have been the

missing element." [75]

October 23, 1978: The government of Iran announced that on October 26, the Shah’s birthday, 1,451 prisoners would be released, including 1,126 political detainess. The Minister of Justice, Mr Mohammad Baheri, said those released would be fully compensated for their detention and were intitled to return to their former jobs. A press interview given in Paris by Ayatollah Khomeini was criticized by Iranian opposition leaders as likely to cause a split. Particular objection was taken to the Ayatollah’s demand for the abolition of the monarchy.[76]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] http://timelines.ws/0A1MILL_3300BC.HTML


[2] The Works of Josephus, Translated by William Whiston, page 851.


[3] http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/ice_ages.html


[4] Why Ancient Egypt Fell, Green 6/6/2008


[5] Why Ancient Egypt Fell, Green 6/6/2008


[6] Volo Bog, IL, June 24, 2012


[7] Volo Bog, IL, June 24, 2012


[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamoukar


[9] History of the World in Two Hours, H2, 10/03/2011.


[10] America Before Columbus, NTGEO, 11/22/


[11] Ice Age Museum, Dundee, WI, July 23.


[12] 1510 S. River Road McHenry, IL 60051 815.385.1624


[13] History of DuPage County, IL


[14] Wikipedia


[15] Apple. Common fruit tree. Malus pumila, etc. A tree commonly found in the northern Temperate Zone dating back to pre-Biblical days. It migrated from the lower Himalayas west across the Middle East and the Mediterranean Sea to North America. The trees were planted in orchards as well as forming fence rows and delineating property lines. Varieties of apple trees are planted and grown according to soil conditions, annual rainfall, average temperatures, length of growing season, average date of first frost, and so forth. Settlers moving west would often plant apple trees almost simultaneous to building their cabin. A good stand of apple trees on a farm increased its sale value.

The common potato being indigenous to the western hemisphere was greeted by the French with the appellation pomme de terre (apple of the earth).

http://www.thelittlelist.net/abetoawl.htm#abenaki


[16] The Epic History of Everyday Things, H2, 2011


[17] http://timelines.ws/0A1MILL_3300BC.HTML


[18] http://timelines.ws/0A1MILL_3300BC.HTML


[19] Ice Age Museum, Dundee WI, July 23, 2011


[20] Ice Age Museum, Dundee, WI. July 23, 2011. Photo by Jeff Goodlove


[21] Ice Age Museum, Dundee, WI. July 24, 2011


[22] Ice Age Museum, Dundee, WI, July 24, 2011. Photo by Jeff Goodlove


[23] The Field Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, February 7, 2010.


[24]


[25] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_cromwell


[26] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm


[27] http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwtime.html


[28] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor.


[29] Joseph Nicholson, the Interpreter, who accompanied Washington.


[30] [They continued downriver, with George appraising the land along the way. They learned that the trader had not been slain but had drowned trying to ford the Ohio. There was a council with friendly Indians. About 160 miles by river below Pittsburgh they came to the Great Bend, at whose foot the Great Kanawha River enters. Washington began tentatively selecting tracts of rich bottomland.




[31] GW was going to Williamsburg to give the council a list of 81 members of the Virginia Regiment who had presented him with claims under the Proclamation of 1754 and to petition the councillors to devise a system for distributing the 200,000 acres among the claimants (Va. Exec.fls., 6:438—39)


[32] Draper Series, Volume III Frontier Defense on the Upper Ohio, 1777-1778 by Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL. D. and Louise Phelps Kellogg, Ph. D. , Wisconsin State Historical Society pgs. 142-145.


[33] Lieutenant Feilitzsch, Enemy Views, Bruce Burgoyne pg 231


[34] http://jerseyman-historynowandthen.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.html


[35] The Battle for Fort Mercer: The American Defenders
Text below extracted from the Diary of Colonel Israel Angell, Commanding Officer, 2nd Rhode Island Regiment, Continental Army.


[36] http://jerseyman-historynowandthen.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.html


[37] The Battle for Fort Mercer: Defender Jeremiah Greenman’s Account,
Below text extracted from Diary of a Common Soldier in the American Revolution, 1775-1783, 1978:81-83.


[38] Letters from Major Baurmeister to Colonel von Jungkenn, Written During the Philadelphia Campaign 1777-1778, Edited by Bernhard A. Uhlendorf and Edna Vosper




[39] GEORGE ROGERS CLARK PAPERS 1781-1784, Edited by James Alton James, pg. 348


[40] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf


[41] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf


[42] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824


[43] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/u/d/Penny-J-Gudgeon/ODT6-0001.html


[44] From River Clyde by Emahiser page 208.


[45] Theopolis McKinnon, August 6, 1880, London, Ohio. History of Clark County, page


[46] Encyclopedia Judaica


[47] 


[48] http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Gottlober_Avraham_Ber


[49] Descendants of Elias Gutleben, Email from Alice, May 10, 2010.


[50] Timetable of Cherokee Removal


[51] Andrew Jackson, photo by Jeff Goodlove, Tennessee State Museum, November 12, 2010.


[52] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson


[53] http://www.whitsett-wall.com/Documents/James%20Simeon%20Whitsett,%20Civil%20War%20Guerrilla.pdf


[54]“The Skilman” Possible relation of Sarah Skillman from a who married (---) McConkey (1). She married Milton Reader Hunter (2) November 6, 1860 in Pleasnt Twp. Clark County Ohio. This “Skilman” is probably in a Ohio Regiment from Clark County Oh. Sarah was the daughter of D. C. Skillman and Sarah (---). (Asbury Cemetery Gravestone, Conrad Goodlove Family Bible.)




[55]Winans, Hiram W. Age 33. Residence Cedar Rapids, nativity Ohio. Enlisted Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1865, Savannah, Ga.

http://iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logan/mil508.htm




[56] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove


[57] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.


[58] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe


[59] The Harrison Genealogy Repository http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~harrisonrep


[60] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.


[61] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.


[62] Ad-Express and Daily Iowegian, Centerville, IAJanuary 25, 2010


[63] This Day in Jewish History


[64] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1768.


[65] This Day in Jewish History


[66] This day in Jewish History


[67] Nazi Collaborators, Hitler’s Executioner, MIL, 11/08/2011


[68] http://www.theussenterprise.com/battles.html




[69]


[70] Wikipedia


• [71] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.




[72] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)


[73] http://www.theussenterprise.com/battles.html




[74] LBJ Presidential Library, February 11, 2012


[75] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf