This Day in Goodlove History, November 14
Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,and ancestors Andrew Jackson, and William Henry Harrison.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.
Anniversaries: Amy Klieneck and Ralph J. Goodlove, Mary Winch and Benoni Moses
Birthday: Shirley S. Snell Hazelbaker
November 14, 1606: During an exploratory voyage to Cape Cod one of the settlers was wounded and after being brought back to Port Royal died on November 14, 1606. “At that time the carpenters of France had their own mystery or trade guilds, worked on lines somewhat akin to operative Masonry and using the square and compasses as their emblem. It would seem that the stone marked the grave of a member of a French trade or craft guild, who die in 1606, and to this extent the stone may be regarded as the earliest known trace of Freemasonry in the New World.”[1]
1607
The Five Nations of New York met in a great council at a centrally located village called Onondaga and after considerable discussion, formally established themselves into a highly democratic and tightly knit confederation in which the good of one was the good of all. Now, an attack against any band of the Five Nations would be taken as an act of war aginst the entire confederation. They named their strong new alliance the Mengwe, or Iroquois League.[2] It did make them all the more powerful in respect to neighboring (and even distant) tribes, butt the Shawnees were neither awed nor overcome by their formally confederated foes. They continued to emerge victorious in virtually all encounters, including an intense war in the valley of the Susquehyanna River in 1607.[3]
November 14, 1744” John (Jack) Armstrong. A fur trader killed February 21, 1744 by Mushemeelin, a Delaware Indian. Mushemeelin ran up a debt with Armstrong. When Mushemeelin was delinquent in payment, Armstrong “collected” the debt in the fall of 1743 by taking a horse and gun belonging to the borrower. In early 1744, Mushemeelin demanded his horse back—Armstrong refused. Later Mushemeelin’s wife asked for the horse. Her request was rejected. In February 1744, Mushemeelin followed Armstrong and caught-up to him at a narrows on the Juniata River. Armstrong had two servants with him (James Smith and Woodward Arnold). Mushemeelin had two hunting friends with him (John and Jemmey). When finding Armstrong’s servants, Mushemeelin killed them and then hunted down Armstrong and killed him as well. Armstrong was shot in the back and a hatchet penetrated the back of his head. Mushemeelin, who lived in Shamokin on the Susquehanna River, was captured and after long pre-trial arguments was tried and convicted.
The murder investigation involved Sassoonan, Shickellamy, Conrad Weiser, Andre Montour, Thomas McKee, and—even Governor George Thomas of PA. Mushemeelin was hanged November 14, 1744. John and Jemmey were found innocent. The killing site on the Juniata River is known today as “Jack’s Narrows” (near Mt. Union in Huntingdon County).[4]
November 14, 1753: Christopher Gist accompanied Washington to Fort Leboeuf. Gist‘s journal makes it clear that they initially went through the Georges Creek area of Maryland. This proves that they did not use the Turkey Foot Road that is the subject of this book. If the Ohio Company had indeed cut a 30-foot-wide road to the present-day location of Confluence, it would be curious that Gist did not take them that way on this journey.
[5]
This image is from Darlington’s 1893 book “Christopher Gist's journals: with historical, geographical and ethnological notes”. It shows Darlington’s copy of the bottom part of the map that accompanied George Washington’s 1754 “Journal to the Ohio” account of his 1753 trip.[6]
Gist‘s journal reads:
Wednesday 14 November, 1753.—Then Major George Washington came to my house at
Will‘s Creek, and delivered me a letter from the council in Virginia, requesting me to
attend him up to the commandant of the French fort on the Ohio River.[7]
November 14, 1756: A State Road Marker (Latitude 39.624783°, Longitude -78.734500°) immediately southeast of Cumberland, Maryland briefly summarizes the Jane Frazier story. While on her way to Fort Cumberland in October 1755, her traveling companion was killed by Twightwee/Miami Indians. She was kidnapped and taken to Miami country, from whence she escaped and returned home to find her husband had remarried. Her story is recited in detail in the 1923 book ―History of Allegany County‖. According to Hanna‘s 1911 book ―The Wilderness Trail‖, a November 14th, 1756 letter from Colonel Adam Stephen to Colonel John Armstrong, dated at Fort Cumberland, stated ―By a woman who once belonged to John Fraser (his wife or mistress) and has now, after being prisoner with Shingas, &c ,thirteen months, made her escape from Muskingum, we learn that Shingas and some Delawares live near the head of that river…‖[8]
On November 14, 1774, Crawford in a letter to Washington said: "I yesterday returned from our late expedition against the Shawanese, and I think we may with propriety say we have had great success, as we made them sensible of their villainy and weakness, and I hope made peace with them on such a footing as will be lasting. "Crawford's associate on the bench, Arthur St. Clair, famous in later years as an officer of the Revolution, as President of Congress, as Governor of the Northwest Territory, and for his disastrous defeat by the Indians in 1791, took exception to Crawford's course as in conflict with the peace policy of Penn, and hereupon on the 22d of July wrote Governor Penn as follows: "Captain Crawford, the president of our court, seems to be the most active Virginia officer in their service. He is now down the river at the head of a number of men, which is his second expedition. How is it possible," asked St. Clair, "for a man to serve two colonies in direct antagonism to each other at the same time?" This was Crawford's offence: he accepted a commission to fight the Indians from the Governor of Virginia, and thought his native State was right respecting the country about the head waters of the Ohio, which had been a subject of dispute for years. As he was an active supporter early in 1775 of the Virginia contention touching the boundary line between that State and Pennsylvania, he was removed the same year from office in Westmoreland county ("superceded," was the word used), and lost popularity among some of his new neighbors.31[9][10]
No. 27.—CRAWFORD TO WASHINGTON.
STEWART’S CROSSING, November 14, 1774.
SIR:—I yesterday returned from our late expedition against the Shawanese, and I think we may with propriety say we have had great success; as we have made them sensible of their villainy and weakness, and, I hope, made peace with them on such a footing as will be lasting, if we make them adhere to the terms of the agreement, which are as follows:
First, they have to give up all the prisoners taken ever by them in war with white people; also negroes and all the horses stolen or taken by them since the last war. And further, no Indian for the future is to hunt on the east side of the Ohio, nor any white man on the west side; as that seems to have been the cause of some of the disturbance between our people and them. As a guarantee that they will perform their part of the agreement, they have given up four chiefs men, to be kept as hostages, who are to be relieved yearly, or as they may choose.[11] The Shawanese have complied with the terms, but the Mingoes did not like the conditions, and had a, mind to deceive us [12]; but Lord Dunmore discovered their intentions, which were to slip off while we were settling matters with the Shawanese. The Mingoes intended to go to the Lakes and take their prisoners with them and their horses which they had stolen.[13]
Lord Dunmore ordered myself with two hundred and forty men to set out in the night. We were to march to a town about thirty miles distant from our camp, up the Scioto, where we understood the whole of the Mingoes were to rendezvous upon the following day, in order to pursue their journey. This intelligence came by John Montour,[14] son of Captain Montonr, whom you formerly knew.
Because of the number of Indians in our camp we marched out of it under pretense of going to Hockhocking[15] for more provisions. Few knew of our setting off anyhow, and none knew where we were going to until the next day. Our march was performed with as much speed as possible. We arrived at a town called the Salt-Lick Town[16] the ensuing night, and at daybreak. We got around it with one-half our force, and the remainder were sent to a small village half a mile distant. Unfortunately, one of our men was discovered by an Indian who lay out from the town some distance by a log, which the man was creeping up to. This obliged the man to kill the Indian. This happened before daylight, which did us much damage, as the chief part of the Indians made their escape in the dark but we got fourteen prisoners, and killed six of the enemy, wounding several more. We got all their baggage and horses, ten of their guns, and 200 [two] white prisoners. The plunder sold for four hundred pounds sterling, besides what was returned to a Mohawk Indian that was there. The whole of the Mingoes were ready to start, and were to have set out the morning we attacked them. [17]
Lord Dunmore has eleven prisoners, and has returned the rest to the nation. The residue are to be returned upon compliance with his Lordship’s demand. For other particulars, I refer you to Major Connolly’s letter.
I have run your land at the Round Bottom[18] again and will send you a new draft of it by Valentine Crawford, who is to be at your house in a few days, at or before Christmas. I would send it now, but the bearer cannot wait as he is on his journey. I have drafts of land on the Little Kanawha. I shall send them to you and leave you at your own choice to do as you like.
One favor I would ask of you, if it suits. When those negroes of Mercer’s are sold (and they are to be sold on a credit of twelve months), I would be glad to purchase a boy and girl about fourteen or fifteen years old each, or older, if such are sold; though I would not have you put yourself to any trouble more for me than suits you.[19]
I spoke to Lord Dunmore about your land at Chartier’s and the Round Bottom ; and it happened that Mr. Cresap was present when we spoke of it. Cresap was urging his claim and I was walking by. He wanted it run for him according to a warrant he had purchased. I then told his Lordship the nature of your claim before Cresap’s face; upon which he said nothing more at that time, but wanted me to survey it for him also, and return it. I told him I could not at any rate do such a thing, as I had surveyed it for you.
We have built you a house on your land opposite the mouth of Hockhocking and cleared about eight acres, cutting off all the small timber. My brother Valentine Crawford says if you go on improving your land next summer, he would still do it for you as usual. He has had the misfortune to lose his son Moses. He died with the bilious fever. I am, etc.[20]
November 14 to December 4, 1863: Siege of Knoxville, TN
Mon. November 14, 1864
Was on gard at corps headqurters
Drawed rations. All quiet in front.
Dress parade in the evening’[21]
November 14, 1899: Rebecca Godlove b: Abt. 1807 d: November 14, 1899 in Perry Co., OH
.......... +James Allen b: 1806 in VA m: October 23, 1827 in Perry Co., OH d: October 14, 1871 in Bearfield Township Perry Co., OH[22]
November 14, 1943: Jews are arrested in Ferrara, Italy.[23]
November 14, 1978: In Iran, Troops opened fire on rioters in the bazaar quarter of Tehran. In the oil producing areas some workers returned to work; refinery output was normal.[24]
November 14, 2009
In Boston, directly opposite the State House, facing Beacon Street, stands one of the nation’s most important war monuments, a memorial to interracial cooperation as well as to individual heroism.
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, many of Massachusetts’ black residents wanted to join the fight to free their enslaved brethren. ButU.S. Army policy prohibited blacks from enlisting.
] After pleas from Governor Andrew, the War Department relented and allowed blacks to serve, but not as officers. Some of the state’s most prominent young white men then volunteered to lead the black troops of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. Among these was Robert Gould Shaw, only son of one of Boston’s first families, and the colonel of the regiment. It was a risky venture for both black soldier and white officer. The black men, if captured, would become slaves’ the whites were seen as traitors to their race by the Confederate Army. Shaw and 32 of his men were slain leading the assault on Fort Wagner on July 18, 1863 and were buried in a mass grave at the fort.
This monument was created by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, the leading American sculptor of the time. It took 14 years to complete, and was the first sympathetic portrayal of black men by a whit e artist. Dedicated on Decoration Day of 1897, it is one of the finest works of art to come out of any American war. It’s also the starting point for the Black Heritage Trail.[25]
Despite a tropical rain our tour guide gave a first class tour of Boston’s Freedom Trail. Photo by Jeff Goodlove November 14, 2009.
[26]
Faneuil Hall, Boston
It is here in Faneuil Hall, the Cradle of Liberty where, in May 1764, Americans first protested the Sugar Act and set down the doctrine of “no taxation without representation”. Or as they put it then: “If taxes are laid upon us in any shape without our having a Legal Representation where they are laid, are we not reduced from the Character of Free Subjects to the miserable state of tributary Slaves? “[27]
[28]
Sherri, my lovely and knowledgeable girlfriend, leads the way on our tour of Boston’s Freedom Trail. (Note the red brick line that marks the entire Freedom Trail.) By coincidence our hotel, the Sheraton at Copley Plaza, turned out to have been in the original boundary of Roxbury, home of Sgt. Jason Winch who was at the Battle of Bunker Hill and the 8 month siege of Boston.
[29]
Old State House in Boston.
1761
James Otis argues against the Writs of Assistance in a court trial at the Old State House, in Boston.[30] On February 24, 1761 James Otis voices opposition to Enhglish colonial rule in a speech before the Supreme Court of Massachusetts.[31] A boulder commemorates James Otis, whose 1761 speech against the writs of assistance was “the birth of the child Independence”. Otis was the patriot’s spiritual leader until he was clubbed over the head by a British officer in a barroom brawl. After a lead plate (not used today for obvious reasons including lead poisoning) was put in his head he rapidly lost his sanity and became more of an embarrassment (running through town naked)than a hero.[32]
James Otis, Granary Burial Ground, Boston
[33]
The Granary Burying Ground, Boston
[34]
The U.S.S Constitution Museum in Charleston, MA.
Constitution’s hull is built partly of live oak, its “durability being estimated at five times that of common white oak.” This rare wood, from Georgia’s sea islands, gave “Old Ironsides” her great strength. Cannonballs bounced off her nearly impenetrable hull and fell harmlessly into the sea.[35]
[36]
The U.S.S. Constitution Museum at Charleston, MA
[37]
U.S.S Constitution, Charleston, MA
When Constitution battled Guerriere in 1812, an unnamed seaman cried “Hussah! Her sides are made of iron! See where the shot fell out!” thus coining a name which has stuck ever since. [38]
[39]
The U.S.S Constitution, Charleston MA
“Old Ironsides” greatest exploits came during the War of 1812. Early in the war, Constiturion encountered H. M. S. Guerriere on Georges Bank, 700 miles due east of Boston Within 35 minutes this “noble rigate” had turned the British ship into “a perfect wreck”. Her enemy “lay rolling like a log” and had to be burned and sunk on the spot. Capt. Isaac Hull’s “fir-built frigate” had handed the Royal Navy a stunning defeat. [40]
[41][42]
The U.S.S. Constitution Museum, Charleston, MA
[43]
U.S.S. Constitution, Boston MA
U.S.S. Constitution, Charleston MA
[44]
Paul Revere
Late on the night of April 18, 1775, a middle aged silversmith set out from his home, on a mission thast would become legend.
Thanks to Longfellow’s poem, Pauol Revere is today America’s most celebrated patriot, and his midnight ride the Revolution’s best known event.
April 18, 1775
“One if by land, and two, if by sea”
[45]
Back entrance to The Old North Church, Boston.
[46]
The steeple of Old North Church, towering heavenward over the North Enmd, is perhaps Boston’smost famous landmark. Here, on the night of April 18, 1775, the signal lanterns of Paul Revere shone to warn the country of the British troops march. Few evens in American history are so well known as this daring act of military intelligence on the eve of our Revolution.
[47]
Sign on The Old North Church in Boston.
[48]
Sherri and Jeff Goodlove listen attentively to the presentation given by the Pastor of the Old North Church in Boston.
[49]
Sherri inside one of enclosed pews inside the Old North Church in Boston.
[50]
Like any good Anglican (Episcopalian) church the Old North Church has an organ that can shake the rafters.
Many years after the American Revolution, Levi Preston, a member of the Danvers militia, was asked why he had marched to fight on the the day of Lexington and Concord. Was it the Stamp Act? The tea tax? “Intolerable oppressions”? No, no, none of that. “Young man,” Preston said, “what we meant in going for those red coats was this; We had always governed ourselves, and we always meant to. They didn’t mean we should.’
That , in a nutshell, was the essence of the Revolution.[51]
Uniforms used by “The Ancients” at Faneuil Hall, in Boston.
The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, or Ancients, as they are called, are America’s first and oldest militia organization. Founded in 1637 to protect the colony against Indian attack, they were a “School for Officers and a Nursery for Soldiers”. Members of the Company dumped tea into Boston Harbor and fought at Bunker Hill; indeed, they have fought in every American war since the 17th century. As a unit, however, their only service was with Myles Standish in a 1645 skirmish with native Americans, and again in Say’s Rebellion in 1787.[53]
[54] After the Tea Party, British officials banned town meetings and restricted the use of Faneuil Hall. The Cradle of Liberty became a barracks for troops, then a theatre for their amusement. One performace of a farce written by General Burgoyune was rudely interrupted by the news of an American attack. All of the actors and most of the audience rushed out to take their posts.[55]
U.S.S. Constitution Museum, Charleston, MA
[57]
The U.S.S. Constitution Museum, Charleston MA
1805 - June 26 - Benjamin Harrison, Sr. signed a petition - Inhabitants of Ste. Genevieve
The tall white pillar beside a nearby building marks the tomb of John Hancock. This stone shaft is a replacement; the original tombstone disappeared over a century ago. It has even been suggested that Hancock’s remains may have been lifted by a graverobber, as the tomb lay open for some time while a nearby wall was being rebuilt. [58]
[59]
This photograph was taken during a driving tropical rain in Boston and through an iron fence at the Granary Burying Grounds. The stone marks the tomb of Samuel Adams, the “organizer of the Revolution”. It is often said that it was Hancock’s money and Adams’ brains that fueled the revolt. Adams’ fiery speeches, combined with his deft political maneuvering, kept public passions aroused for years.
Appropriately next to Adam’ grave is that of the five victims of the Boston Massacre: Samuel Gray, Samuel Maverick, James Caldwell, Crispus Attucks, and Patrick Carr. Buried with them is Christopher Snider, a young boy killed by a Tory in another incident 11 days earlier. He was the first victim of the struggles between the colonists and the3 mother country. [61]
[62]
While visiting Boston I notice this office on “Printer’s Row.” I checked on Wikipedia and found the following information. “In 1902 the Jewish Advocate began in Boston and became the longest continuously publish English language Jewish Newspaper in the United States.[63] In the years before the Holocaust the Jewish Advocate, virtually alone among the media, warned of the coming of Hitler and the great danger which that would pose for the Jewish people. Subsequently the paper played an important leading role in uniting the nascent Jewish organizations that helped to rebuild the lives of the Jewish refugees and establish the new State of Israel. This was the defining role of the Jewish Advocate.” For more information go to www.thejewishadvocate.com. [64]
[65]
Entrance to Copp’s Hill Burying Ground
“During the occupation of Boston, British troops manned a battery at Copp’s Hill and rained fire onto nearby Charlestown during the Battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775.”
[66]
Copp’s Hill in Boston is the North Ends highest piece of land. During the Revolution, British soldiers camped among the gravestones; and in the Battle of Bunker Hill, they fired shells on Charlestown from this summit. [67]
At Copp’s Hill Burying Ground in Boston are buried two of 17th century Boston’s most learned and most powerful men. Increase and Cotton Mather, father and son, were both ministers, both active in politics. Their family was a literal dynasty which charted the course of Puritanism in Massachusetts.
The younger Mather is best known today for his 1689 book “Memorable Providences, Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions,” which helped fuel the witch hysteria in nearby Salem. After the witch trials began, however, both of the Mathers did all they could to stop them. [68]
[69]
Bunker Hill Monument, Charlestown, MA
[70]
Bunker Hill Monument, Charlestown MA
Roxbury, the home of Jason Winch, is on the bottom of this map. It is a short walk to Boston or Charlestown, where Jason joined the fight at Bunker Hill.
The massive Christian Science Church[71] is located on what was then the far west end of Roxbury, now in Boston.
[72]
The Boston Opera House sits on what was the far east end of Roxbury. While in Boston Sherri and I managed to get the last two tickets (the usher’s seats) to “Fiddler on the Roof” which was sold out. It was one of Topals[73], (from the original movie) final performances. Fiddler on the Roof is a story of the expulsion of Jews from Russia.
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[1] The Northern Light, Vol. 13, No. 4, September 1982, page 13.
[2] The village of Onondaga, which became the seat of the Five Nations or Iroquois League, was on the site of present Rochester, N.Y.
[3] That Dark and Bloody River, by Allen W. Eckert, xix.
[4] http://www.thelittlelist.net/abetoawl.htm#abenaki
[5] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 67.
[6] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 67.
[7] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 67.
[8] [8] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page
[9] 31 Crawford's Expedition against Sandusky, p. 101.
[10] http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=detail&Page=000634.html&StartPage=1&EndPage=34&volume=6&newtitle=Volume%206%20Page%201
[11] Nowhere else, it is believed, are the terms of the agreement between Lord Dunmore and the Shawanese to be found—at least so full as the above. This compact was entered into at what was then called Camp Charlotte, in what is now Pickaway county, Ohio, whither Lord Dunmore had marched his army from Fort Gower. The Shawanese villages were in the immediate vicinity.
[12] Whether Logan, their chief, was satisfied or not, he acquiesced in the conditions imposed by Lord Dunmore. This is evident from his celebrated speech which gives in substance what the proud but disconsolate Mingo desired should be transmitted to Dunmore.
[13] By the phrase “to the Lakes,” is meant Lake Erie; that is, to the Cuyahoga river, which empties into that lake at what is now the city of Cleveland, Ohio.
[14] John Montour, son of Andrew Montour, a half-blood Indian, was a man of information and education, but a great savage. His father, whose Indian name was Sattelihu, was the oldest son of Madame Montour, a French-Canadian woman, and Roland Montour, a Seneca brave. Andrew, who was known to Washington, was a captain of a company of Indians in the English service in the Old French War, and rose to be a major.
[15]This refers to Fort Gower, at the mouth of the Hockhocking, where a supply of provisions had been left under guard.
[16] This village was sometimes called Seekonk, or Seekunk, a corruption of, kseek-he-oong, “a place of salt.” It was within the limits of what is now Franklin county, Ohio.
[17] The destruction of the Salt-Lick Town, by Crawford, was the only actual fighting done by that part of the army, which was under the command of Dunmore in person. The other division, headed by Colonel Andrew Lewis, had descended the Great Kanawha to the Ohio, where the Virginians fought, on the tenth of October, the sanguinary battle of Point Pheasant, opposed principally by the Shawanese and Mingoes, and were victorious. This fact hastened, on the part of the Indians, their negotiations with Dunmore.
[18] The Round Bottom land is known to be surveyed twice by William Crawford. 1st time in the year of 1771 and 2nd time in 1773. This is located in present County of Marshall, State of West Virginia, on the Ohio River, near the city of Moundsville.
(From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford, by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, page 116.)
[19] Crawford, like Washington, was a slave-owner. At his death, in 1782, he was possessed of several slaves. In that part of the trans-Alleghany country where Crawford lived, which was finally confirmed to Pennsylvania, no slaves were enumerated after the year 1800.
[20] The Washington-Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield
[21] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeff Goodlove
[22] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/u/d/Penny-J-Gudgeon/ODT6-0001.html
[23] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1778.
[24] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 503
[25] The Complete Guide to Bostons Freedon Trail by Charles Bahne page 9-10. Photo by Jeff Goodlove November 14, 2009
[26] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[27] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail, Third Edition by Charles Bahne page 32.
[28] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[29] Photo by Jeff Goodlove November 14, 2009
[30] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne, page 5.
[31] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[32] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne, page 11.
[33] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[34] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[35] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail. Page 64.
[36] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[37] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 15, 2009
[38] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail. Page 64.
[39] Photo by Sherri Maxson, November 15, 2009
[40] The Complete Guide to the Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne page 64.
[41]
[42] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[43] Photo by Sherri Maxson, November 15, 2009
[44] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[45] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne, page 54.
[46] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, Novemnber 14, 2009
[47] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[48] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[49] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[50] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[51] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne, page 4.
[52] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[53] The Complete Guide to Bostons Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne page 33.
[54] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009.
[55] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne, page 32.
[56] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[57] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009.
[58] The Complete Guide to Bosyton’s Freedom Trail, Third Edition by Charles Bahne, page 12.
[59] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[60] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[61] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail, page 14 by Charles Bahne, photo by Jeff Goodlove , November 14, 2009.
[62] Photo by Jeff Goodlove
[63] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009.
[64]Wikipedia.org
[65] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[66] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[67] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail, Third Edition by Charles Bahne, page 57.
[68] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail, Third Edition by Charles Bahne, page 57-58.
[69] Photo by Sherri Maxson, November 15, 2009
[70] Photo by Sherri Maxson, November 15, 2009
[71] Home of the Christian Science Monitor.
[72] Photo by Jeff Goodlove
[73] Topal is front row center.
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