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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
November 22, 176-180 A.D.
[1]
Saint Cecilia
Saint Cecilia of Rome
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/St_cecilia_guido_reni.jpg/200px-St_cecilia_guido_reni.jpg
Saint Cecilia by Guido Reni, 1606[1]
Virgin and Martyr
Born
2nd century A.D.
Rome
Died
Sicily
Major shrine
Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome
Feast
November 22
Patron saint of musicians and church music
Attributes
flute, organ, roses, violin, harp, harpsichord, singing
Patronage
Church music, great musicians, poets; Albi, France;Archdiocese of Omaha, Nebraska; Mar del Plata, Argentina
Saint Cecilia (Latin: Sancta Caecilia) is the patroness of musicians[2] and Church music because, as she was dying, she sang to God. It is also written that as the musicians played at her wedding she "sang in her heart to the Lord".[2] St. Cecilia was an only child. Her feast day is celebrated in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches on November 22. She is one of seven women, excluding the Blessed Virgin, commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass. It was long supposed that she was a noble lady of Rome who, with her husband Valerian, his brother Tiburtius, and a Roman soldier Maximus, suffered martyrdom in about 230, under the Emperor Alexander Severus.[3][2]
The research of Giovanni Battista de Rossi,[4] however, appears to confirm the statement of Venantius Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers (d. 600), that she perished in Sicily under Emperor Marcus Aurelius between 176 and 180. A church in her honor exists in Rome from about the 5th century, was rebuilt with much splendor by Pope Paschal I around the year 820, and again by Cardinal Paolo Emilio Sfondrati in 1599. It is situated in Trastevere, near the Ripa Grande quay, where in earlier days the ghetto was located, and is the titulus of a Cardinal Priest, currently Carlo Maria Martini.
The martyrdom of Cecilia is said to have followed that of her husband and his brother by the prefect Turcius Almachius.[5] The officers of the prefect then sought to have Cecilia killed as well. She arranged to have her home preserved as a church before she was arrested. At that time, the officials attempted to kill her by smothering her by steam. However, the attempt failed, and she was to have her head chopped off. But they were unsuccessful three times, and she would not die until she received the sacrament of Holy Communion.
Cecilia survived another three days before succumbing. In the last three days of her life, she opened her eyes, gazed at her family and friends who crowded around her cell, closed them, and never opened them again. The people by her cell knew immediately that she was to become a saint in heaven.[2] When her incorruptible body was found long after her death, it was found that on one hand she had two fingers outstretched and on the other hand just one finger, denoting her belief in the trinity.
The Sisters of Saint Cecilia are a group of women consecrated religious sisters. They are the ones who shear the lambs' wool used to make the palliums of new metropolitan archbishops. The lambs are raised by the Cistercian Trappist Fathers of the Tre Fontane (Three Fountains) Abbey in Rome. The lambs are blessed by the Pope every January 21, the Feast of the martyr Saint Agnes. The pallia are given by the Pope to the new metropolitan archbishops on the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, June 29.
Patroness of musicians
Cecilia's musical fame rests on a passing notice in her legend that she was beheaded and at the same time praised God, singing to Him, as she lay dying a martyr's death. She is frequently depicted playing an organ or other musical instrument. Musical societies and conservatories frequently have been named for St. Cecilia. Her feast day became an occasion for musical concerts and festivals that occasioned well-known poems by John Dryden and Alexander Pope,[7] and music by Henry Purcell (Ode to St. Cecilia), George Frideric Handel (Ode for St. Cecilia's Day, Alexander's Feast) and Benjamin Britten, who was born on her feast day, (Hymn to St. Cecilia), as well as Herbert Howells with text from a poem by W. H. Auden. Gerald Finzi's "For Saint Cecilia", Op. 30, was set to verses written by Edmund Blunden.[3]
AD 177 - Persecution of Christians in Lyons
The persecution in Lyons (A.D. 177) was a persecution of Christians during the reign of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180). The policy worked out by Pliny the Younger and the Emperor Trajan a few decades earlier declared Christianity to be illegal, but that members of the faith were not to be sought, but punished if the charge was proven. Trajan also added "that if any one [Christian] denies that he is a Christian" by worship of the Roman gods, that person is to be released. Tertullian, in chapter 2 of his Apology, would later criticize Roman policy since criminals were normally tortured to confess their crimes while Christians were tortured to renounce.
Before the actual outbreak of violence, Christians were forbidden from public areas such as the marketplaces, baths, etc. The populace also attacked the Christians, robbing them, and subjecting them to other forms of abuse (HE, 5.1.5,7).
How long all of this lasted is not indicated, but eventually the authorities seized the Christians and questioned them in the forum in front of the populace. They were then imprisoned until the arrival of the governor, Vettius Epagathus. When the governor arrived, he interrogated them in front of the populace again, mistreating them to such a degree that Zacharias, a Christian and man of high social standing, requested permission to testify on behalf of the accused. This request was refused and instead the governor arrested Zacharias when he confessed to being a Christian (5.1.9-10).
These Christians endured torture while the authorities continued to apprehend others. Two of their pagan servants were seized and, fearing torture, falsely charged the Christians with incest and cannibalism (5.1.12-13).
What followed was the torture of the captive Christians by various means. In the end, all were killed, some of whom had recanted but later returned to the faith (5.1.45-46). Among the dead, Blandina is one of the more famous.[9] [4][5]
180 A.D.: Around 180 A.D. Eraneus chose four gospels from a group of thirty. It is not known how the four were chosen. Bishop Euranaus, one of the early church’s most influencial leaders wrote a scathing attack on one book in circulation, it’s title was “The Gospel of Judas.” This Gospel was about the relationship of Jesus and Judas and indicated that Judas did not actually betray Jesus but did what Jesus wanted him to do because Jesus actually knew the truth as Jesus wanted it communicated. By branding this Gospel “heresy” it was effectively erased from history. [6]
180 BALKANS
Jewish communities could be found on the Danube river near present day Nikopol. [7]
November 22, 1752: The earliest recorded ―road‖ heading west from ―Wills Creek‖ was the circa 1749 Twightwee Indian road to Pickawillany at or near the present town of Piqua, Ohio. By 1753, branches of a second road, financed by the Ohio Company, went to the present-day areas of Brownsville and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At least part of the Ohio Company road was laid out and marked by the Indian Nemacolin13. The Ohio Company road was repaired by Washington‘s forces in 1754, and further improved by Braddock‘s forces in 1755. Braddock‘s road and the new Turkey Foot Road became the principal routes of travel west from Cumberland. A variety of literature reports, without supporting documentary evidence, that Nemacolin and Thomas Cresap blazed and cleared the Ohio Company road in 1749. Such statements are probably the conflation of two facts: (1) According to the Ohio Company‘s ―second petition‖, their land charter was dated March 18, 1749, and (2)According to the biographer of Thomas‘s son Michael Cresap, the Ohio Company employed Nemacolin to mark and lay out the road. The earliest actual evidence of a completed road that we have seen was written on November 22, 1752. [8]
November 22, 1752: Some form of the Ohio Company road was finished by late 1752
The November 22, 1752 Ohio Company records indicate that some form and portion of the Ohio
Company road was finished by then. The record states:
The Companys Store house at Rock creek where they may land and have their Goods
secured is sixty miles from Conococheege a fine road from whence they may go by Water
in the Companys Boat to their Store house at Wills Creek about forty miles and from
thence the Company have cleared a Waggon Road about sixty miles to one of the head
branches of the Ohio navigable by large flat bottom boats where they proposed to build
Storehouse and begin to lay off their Lands.
While some early mileage estimates are surprisingly accurate, the estimate in the above quote
may not be especially accurate. A later company record, quoted below, reveals that they had not
yet measured the length of that new road. The desire to measure it may suggest that the initial
60-mile estimate was doubted.[9]
A variety of literature reports, without supporting documentary evidence, that Nemacolin and Thomas Cresapblazed and cleared the Ohio Company road in 1749. Such statements are probably the conflation of two facts: (1)According to the Ohio Company‘s ―second petition, their land charter was dated March 18, 1749, and (2) According to the biographer of Thomas‘s son Michael Cresap, the Ohio Company employed Nemacolin to mark and lay out the road. The earliest actual evidence of a completed road that we have seen was written on November 22, 1752.[10]
November 22, 1753
At Orange County Court, November 22, 1753, on motion of William Johnson, €certificate was granted him for obtaining letters of administration on the estate of Andrew Harrison, deceased, Elizabeth, widow of the said Andrew Harrison, and Battaile.. Harrison, the heir-at-law, having refused. William Johnson’s bond was placed at two hundred pounds currency.”
“Inventory and appraisement of the Estate of Andrew Harrison, deceased, made November 30, 1753. Returned & Recorded, March 1, 1754.” [11]
Nov 22, 1753
On November 22, 1753, William Johnson was granted letters of administration in the estate of Andrew2 Harrison, deceased. At that time, Andrew2 Harrison's plantation amounted to 1,300 acres. His personal estate was appraised at 27 pounds 15 shillings. His inventory included household goods and furnishings, cattle[12] and farming implements, but it listed neither weapons nor slaves. [13]
George Washington‘s November 22, 1753 diary entry indicates that he had just examined …the
place where the Company intended to erect a fort‖, and also indicates why a fort at the Forks of the Ohio would be better. One factor was that ―…a fort at the Fork would be equally well situated on the Ohio, and have the entire command of the Monongahela, which runs up our settlement…‖[14]
November 22, 1770: Invited the Officers of the Fort and other Gentlemen to dine with me at Samples.
November 22d., 1770—Stayed at Pittsburg all day. Invited the officers and some other gentlemen to dinner with me at Semple’s, among whom was one Dr. Connelly, nephew to Col. Croghan, a very sensible and intelligent man, who had travelled over a good deal of this western Country both by land and water, and who confirms Nicholson’s account of the Shawnee river, up which he had been near four hundred miles. ‘This country, I mean on the Shawnee river, according to Dr. Connehly’s description, must be exceedingly desirable on many accounts. ‘The climate is fine, the soil remarkably good ; the lands well watered with good streams. and level enough for any kind of cultivation. Besides these advantages from nature, it has others not less important to a new settlement, particularly game, which is so plentiful as to render the transportation of provisions thither, bread[15] only excepted, altogether unnecessary. Dr. Connelly is so much delighted with the lands and climate on that river, that he wishes for nothing more, than to induce one hundred families to go there and live, that he might be among them. A new and most desirable government might be established there, to be bounded, according to his account, by the Ohio northward and westward, by the ridge that devides the waters of the Tennessee or Cherokee river southward and westward, and by a line to run from the Falls of the Ohio, or above, so as to cross the Shawnee river above the fork of it. Dr. Connehly gives much the same account of the land between Fort Chartres, in the Illinois country, and Post St. Vincent, that Nicholson does, except in the article of water, which the Doctor says is bad, and in the summer scarce, there being little else than stagnant water to be met with.
November 22-December 28, 1776: Under the terms of the treaty, the Mi'kmaq and St. John's Tribes (Maliseet and Passamaquoddy) committed to "supply and furnish 600 strong men...or as many as may be" for service in the Continental Army. Three of the six Mi'kmaq delegates who signed the treaty "manfully and generously" volunteered to enlist immediately. The treaty also notes that their pay would commence upon their arrival at Washington's camp in New York. Tribal forces formed an "American Battalion" in the Battle of Fort Cumberland (November 22-December 28, 1776). They also protected the Maine border and launched other attacks against British installations.[2] Since 1995, the town of Watertown, Massachusetts has held an annual Treaty Day celebration.
Mi'kmaw historian Daniel Paul notes many individual Mi'kmaq did indeed volunteer and serve with the Continental army as per the terms of the Treaty. However the Signators who signed on were representing their Districts only; its part of Mi'kmaq Treaty protocol that each District was Sovereign and could sign Nation to Nation agreements; then they would return home to present the agreements to the Mi'kmaq Grand Council, the Council of Women and finally to all citizens, which if consensus occurred, the newly signed Treaty would be ratified District by District. The Watertown Treaty was never fully ratified by all Mi'kmaq First Nation Districts until modern times. What circumvented this process of coming to consensus and ratifying the Watertown Treaty as a whole in 1776 is unknown. (It is also noteworthy that one Mi'kmaq District—in New Brunswick—was pressured by the British into signing a treaty of alliance with them on 22 September 1779.[3])
The Treaty of Watertown is still honoured today : all Mi'kmaq citizens are allowed to join the US Armed Forces, regardless of the Nation of their birth. These warriors who have gone to Iraq and Afghanistan, and many other places around the world are celebrated.[16]
November 22, 1853: Andrew2 Harrison died in the fall of the year 1752. At Orange County Court, November 22, 1753, on motion of William Johnson, certificate was granted him for obtaining letters of administration on the estate of Andrew2 Harrison, deceased, Elizabeth, widow of the said Andrew2 Harrison, and Battaile3 Harrison, the heir-at-law, having refused. William Johnson's bond was placed at two hundred pounds currency. [17]
November 22, 1784
In the year 1784, he must have been living’ in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, as is evidenced by a deed, dated November 22, 1784, a copy of which will follow. In this deed it is noted “being the same (land) on which the said Benjamin Harrison now liveth”. In this deed, it will also be noted, that the name of his brother Lawrence Harrison, as well as those of his three brothers-in-law, .Thomas Moore, John Dawson, and
Isaac Meason, all appear. /
UNIONTOWN, PA., FAYETTE Co. COURT house, Deed Rod: A, p. 69
KNOW ALL MEN by these “presents” that we, Benjamin Harrison, Lawrence Harrison, Thomas Moore, Joshua Dickerson, John Dawson
and Isaac Meason, of the county of Fayette, State of Pennsylvania William Brooks of the County of Berkeley, Commonwealth of Virginia, and Joseph Mansfield of the County of Albemarle, State aforesaid, ‘joint tenants, for and in consideration of the sum of £ 120 pounds, Pennsylvania currency, to us in hand well and truly paid, the receipt whereof we do hereby acknowledge and ourselves therewith fully satisfied, do hereby bargain, sell, transfer & make over, to James Rankin, of the county of Fayette, State of Pennsylvania a certain tract of land situated in the county of Fayette aforesaid; being the same on which the said Benjamin ,Harrison, now liveth, containing 300 acres with allowances((~,, adjoining~\lands Of James Rankin, bounded on the north by the river Youghiougheny (also adjoining a certain Ogleby and Joshua Dickerson), it being the same which the above-named Benjamin Harrison describe(1 in preference of the ahove~mentioned Joshua Dickerson, to be paid James Rankin, to have and to hold the above described tract of land unto the same James Rank in,
his heirs & assigns to the only proper Use and behoof of the said James Rankin, his heirs and assigns forever. -
AND WE — Benjamin Harrison, Lawrence Harrison Thomas Moore, John Dickerson, John Dawson & Isaac Mason of the county of Fayette
. William Brooks . * . . and Joseph Mansfield . . . . do by these presents forever warrant and defend the above described tract of land unto the said James Rankin, his heirs & assigns, the Lord of the Soil only excepted(given-en under our hands and seals, at Uniontown~ in the State of Pennsylvania this 22 day of November Anno Domini one thousand seven hundred 84.
Signed sealed and delivered in presence of William Stuart, Henry Dawson I and John McClelland
Benjamin Harrison.
Lawrence Harrison
Thomas Moore
Joshua Dickerson
John Dawson
Isaac Meason.
* William Brooks.
Joseph Mansfield[18]
1784
Catharine Gottleab, born 1784 Allentown, Pennsylvania, died December 12, 1863, Westmoreland, Pennsylvania.[19]
November 22, 1822 Richard Crawford, son of Lt. John dies in Lewis Co., KY. November 22, Effy Crawford, wife of Lt. John dies in Adams Co., OH.[20]
Gravestone Inscriptions as copied in old Crawford Cemetery by H, Margorie Crawford, September 4, 1949:
1. All on one big stone which has fallen over:
Jno. Crawford, died September 22, 1816. Aged 66 1/3 years.
Effy Crawford, died November 22, 1822
Hannah P. Crawford, died July 16, 1826
Moses Crawford, died 1808
Sarah Rowland, late Sarah Crawford, died----
Thomas, son of Sarah Rowland, died---[21]
Tues. November 22, 1864
Built a tent cold and rainy. Awful
Cold night didn’t sleep any[22]
November 22, 1955, the Soviet Union detonated its first hydrogen bomb on the same principle of radiation implosion. Both superpowers were now in possession of the "hell bomb," as it was known by many Americans, and the world lived under the threat of thermonuclear war for the first time in history.[23]
November 22, 1963
[24]
Nov 22, 1963
· 11:10 a.m. -- After staying overnight in Fort Worth, Kennedy leaves Carswell AFB onboard Air Force One to fly to Love Field in Dallas.
· 11:30 a.m. -- The presidential motorcade leaves Love Field. (Original Schedule).
· 11:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. -- The motorcade follows a route through Dallas, during which the president stops the car several times to talk to citizens who approach his limousine.[25]
•
On Friday, November 22, 1963, at 11:40 am CST, Kennedy, his wife Jacqueline, and the rest of the presidential entourage arrived at Love Field in Dallas, Texas, aboard Air Force One after a very short flight from nearby Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth. The motorcade cars had been lined up in a certain order earlier that morning. The original schedule was for the president to proceed in a long motorcade from Love Field through downtown Dallas, and end at the Dallas Business and Trade Mart.
The motorcade was scheduled to enter Dealey Plaza at 12:10 pm, followed by a 12:15 pm arrival at the Dallas Business and Trade Mart so President Kennedy could deliver a speech and share in a steak luncheon with Dallas government, business, religious, and civic leaders and their spouses. Invitations that were sent out specify a noon start time to the luncheon while SS agent Lawson told Chief Curry that after arriving at Love Field and leaving at 11:30 the 38-45 minute trip would get them to the Trade Mart on time. Air Force One touched down at 11:39 am and did not leave Love Field until approximately fifteen minutes later.
Dallas' three television stations were given separate assignments. As Bob Walker of WFAA-TV 8 (ABC) was providing live coverage of the President's arrival at Love Field, KRLD-TV 4 (CBS) with Eddie Barker was set up at the Trade Mart for Kennedy's luncheon speech. WBAP-TV 5 (NBC), being a Dallas/Fort Worth network based in the latter, had done live coverage of the President's breakfast speech in Fort Worth earlier that day. On hand to report the arrival on radio was Joe Long of KLIF 1190.
Motorcade vehicles and personnel
•The lead car, an unmarked white Ford:
◦Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry (Driver)
◦Secret Service Agent Winston Lawson (right front)
◦Dallas County Sheriff Bill Decker (left rear)
◦Agent Forrest Sorrels (right rear)
•Presidential limousine, a 1961 Lincoln Continental code named SS-100-X:
◦Driver Agent William Greer (Driver)
◦Advance Agent and SAIC Roy Kellerman (right front),
◦Nellie Connally (left middle)
◦Governor John Connally (right middle)
◦First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy (left rear)
◦President John F. Kennedy (right rear)
•Presidential follow-up car, a convertible code named “Halfback”:[1]
◦Driver Agent Sam Kinney (driver)
◦ATSAIC Emory Roberts (right front)
◦Agent Clint Hill (left front running board)
◦Agent Bill McIntyre (left rear running board)
◦Agent Jack Ready (right front running board)
◦Agent Paul Landis (right rear running board)
◦Presidential aide Kenneth O'Donnell (left middle)
◦Presidential aide David Powers (right middle)
◦Driver Agent George Hickey (left rear)
◦Agent Glen Bennett (right rear)
•Vice Presidential limousine, a convertible:
◦Policeman Hurchel Jacks (Driver)
◦Agent Rufus Youngblood (Front Passenger)
◦Senator Ralph Yarborough (Left rear)
◦Second Lady Lady Bird Johnson (Middle Rear)
◦Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson (Right Rear)
•Vice Presidential follow-up car, a hardtop code named “Varsity":
◦A Texas state policeman (driver)
◦Vice Presidential aide Cliff Carter (front middle)
◦Agent Jerry Kivett (right front),
◦Agent Woody Taylor (left rear)
◦Agent Lem Johns (right rear)
•Press pool car, (on loan from the telephone company):[2]
◦Telephone company employee (driver)
◦Malcolm Kilduff, White House assistant press secretary (right front)
◾For this trip, Kilduff was substituting for Pierre Salinger, who was traveling to Japan with several cabinet officers, including Secretary of State Dean Rusk.[3][4][5]
◦Merriman Smith, UPI (middle front)[2]
◦Jack Bell, AP (left rear)[6]
◦Robert Baskin, The Dallas Morning News (middle rear)
◦Bob Clark, ABC (right rear)
•Press Car:
◦Bob Jackson, The Dallas Times Herald
◦Tom Dillard, The Dallas Morning News
◦Mal Couch, WFAA-TV
•Abbreviations used above include:
◦SAIC - Special Agent in Charge
◦ATSAIC - Assistant to the Special Agent in Charge (shift leader)
◦Driver Agent - Secret Service driver agents operated through their own command chain. Driver agents were typically recruited from the uniformed White House Police Force.[7]
[edit] Presidential Motorcade route
The route scheduled to be driven was as follows: left turn from the south end of Love Field to West Mockingbird Lane, right on Lemmon Ave., right at the "Y" on Turtle Creek Blvd, straight on Cedar Springs Rd, left on North Harwood St, right on Main St, right on Houston St, sharp left on Elm St, through Triple Underpass, right turn up ramp to North Stemmons Freeway, to Dallas Trade Mart at 2100 North Stemmons (This same exact route cannot be driven today; there is a "No right turn" sign on the corner of Main and Houston as well as highway progressions in other areas)
The original route had the motorcade continue straight onto Main instead of turning onto Houston, but it was discovered that Elm Street provided the only direct link from Dealey Plaza to the Stemmons Freeway, thus the route was altered.
The presidential motorcade began its route without incident, stopping twice so President Kennedy could shake hands with some Catholic nuns, then some school children.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Dealey-plaza-annotated.png/250px-Dealey-plaza-annotated.png
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.20wmf2/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
The route taken by the motorcade within Dealey Plaza. North is towards the almost direct-left.[26]
12:18 PM: Howard Brennan arrives near the TSBD to watch the motorcade and shortly
after sees a man in the sixth floor window.[27]
At 12:29 pm CST, the presidential limousine entered Dealey Plaza after a 90-degree right turn from Main Street onto Houston Street. Over two dozen known and unknown amateur and professional still and motion-picture photographers captured the last living images of President Kennedy.[28]
November 22, 1963
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
Just before 12:30 pm CST, President Kennedy was riding on Houston Street and slowly approached the Texas School Book Depository head-on. This point in the route gives birth to one of the better conspiracy theories that there were several shooters, for if there was only a single shooter in the sixth floor in the Book Depository, the shooter would have had a much better view of the President on Houston Street, slowly coming towards the shooter, not when the President was moving away from the shooter on Elm Street. Then the limousine made the 120-degree left turn directly in front of the depository, now only 65 feet (20 meters) away.[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
[39]
12:30 p.m. -- President Kennedy is shot and taken to Parkland Hospital in Dallas.[40] John F. Kennedy, twenty fifth President of the United States, dies after being shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while driving in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas.[41]
12:30 pm (CST): Shots are fired
According to witnesses, the shooting began shortly after the limousine made the turn from Houston onto Elm Street. Most of these witnesses recalled the first shot happened after the president had started waving with his right hand. Most of these witnesses recalled hearing three shots, with the last two bunched distinctly much closer together than the first two. As seen in the Zapruder film, when the president first emerges from being temporarily behind the Stemmons Freeway sign at Zapruder film frame 224 to 225 his mouth is widely open in a shocked expression and his hands clench into fists, then he quickly raises his arms dramatically upwards towards his throat as he turned leftwards towards his wife. Secret Service Agent Clint Hill testified that he heard one shot, then jumped off the running board of the Secret Service follow-up car directly behind Kennedy (Hill was filmed jumping off his follow-up car at the equivalent of Zapruder frame 308; about a quarter of a second before the president's head exploded at frame 313). Hill then rapidly ran towards the Presidential limo and then a shot hit Kennedy in the head, opening up the right side of his head. As the gore-splattered limousine began speeding up, Mrs. Kennedy was heard to scream[8] and she climbed out of the back seat onto the rear of the limo. At the same time, Hill managed to climb aboard and hang onto the suddenly accelerating limo, and Mrs. Kennedy returned to the back seat. Hill then shielded her and the President. Both of the Connallys stated they heard Mrs. Kennedy say, "I have his brains in my hand!" The limo driver and police motorcycles turned on their sirens and raced at full speed to Parkland Hospital, passing their intended destination of the Dallas Trade Mart along the way, and arriving at about 12:38 pm.
During the shots Governor Connally was also struck, and his wife pulled him closer to her. He suffered several severe wounds that he survived; a bullet entry wound in his upper right back located just behind his right armpit; four inches of his right, fifth chest rib was pulverised; a two-and-a-half inch sized chest exit wound; his right arm's wrist bone was fractured into seven pieces; and he had a bullet entry wound in his left inner thigh. Although there is controversy about exactly when he was wounded, analysts from both the Warren Commission (1964) and House Select Committee on Assassinations (1979) believed that his wounds had been inflicted nearly simultaneously with President Kennedy's in their theories that the two men were struck by a single bullet. The Commission theorized both men were hit nearly simultaneously between Zapruder film frames 210 to 225, while the Committee theorized it happened at frame 190.
During the shots a witness, James Tague, was also wounded when he received a minor facial wound on his right cheek. The Main Street south curb he had been standing 23.5 feet away from was struck by a bullet or bullet fragment that had no copper sheath, and the richocheting bullet fragment struck Tague. At Zapruder frame 313 Tague's head top was located 271 feet away from and 16.4 feet below President Kennedy's head top. The bullet or bullet fragment that struck the cement curb was never found.[42]
Immediate aftermath
Lee Harvey Oswald
12:31:30 PM: Lee Harvey Oswald was confronted by an armed Dallas policeman, Marion Baker, in the depository second floor lunchroom only 74 to 90 seconds (according to a Warren Commission time recreation) after the last shot.[9] Baker first testified that the first shot he remembered hearing as he approached the depository and the Dallas Textile Building had originated from the "building in front of me, or, the one to the right."
In the second floor lunch room, Oswald was identified by the superintendent of the building, Roy Truly, then released. Both Baker and Truly testified that Oswald appeared completely "calm, cool, normal, and was not out of breath in any way," and was not sweating. According to the Warren Commission, Oswald was next seen by a depository secretary as he crossed through the second floor business office carrying a soda bottle.[10]
12:33: He left the Texas School Book Depository at approximately 12:33 p.m. through its front door.[11]
The Warren Commission concluded that Oswald had traveled from the sixth floor easternmost window, and hid an 8 pound, Italian-made 1938 Mannlicher-Carcano, 6.5 millimeter rifle equipped with a four-power scope along the way. The rifle was reported discovered by a Dallas police detective at 1:22 pm, having been placed between stacks of boxes. After being discovered, the rifle was photographed before being touched.
Estimates of when the Depository Building was sealed off by police range from 12:33 to 12:50 p.m.[12] The Dealey Plaza immediate area streets and blocks were never sealed-off, and within only nine minutes of the assassination, photographs show that vehicles were still driving unhampered down Elm Street, through the crime scene kill zone.[43]
Breaking the news
12: 36: The first national news bulletin of the shooting came over the ABC Radio Network at 12:36 pm CST/1:36 pm EST.[36] At the time, Doris Day's recording of "Hooray for Hollywood" was playing over the airwaves when newscaster Don Gardiner broke in with this:
“
We interrupt this program to bring you a special bulletin from ABC Radio. Here is a special bulletin from Dallas, Texas. (Reading UPI bulletin) 'THREE SHOTS WERE FIRED AT PRESIDENT KENNEDY'S MOTORCADE TODAY IN DOWNTOWN DALLAS, TEXAS.'[37] This is ABC Radio. To repeat: In Dallas Texas, three shots were fired at President Kennedy's motorcade today, the president now making a two-day speaking tour of Texas. We're going to stand by for more details on the incident in Dallas, stay tuned to your ABC station for further details. Now we return you to your regular program.[36][44]
”
Locally in Dallas
12:39 pm: From Dallas, local listeners of KLIF Radio were listening to The Rex Jones Show when they received the first bulletin at approximately 12:39 pm CST. A "bulletin alert" sounder faded in during the song "I Have A Boyfriend" by The Chiffons. The song was stopped and newscaster Gary Delaune made the first announcement over the bulletin signal:
“
This KLIF Bulletin from Dallas: Three shots reportedly were fired at the motorcade of President Kennedy today near the downtown section. KLIF News is checking out the report, we will have further reports, stay tuned.[45]
12:40 pm: Four minutes following ABC's radio bulletin, CBS was the first to break the news over television at 12:40 pm CST/1:40 pm EST. The network interrupted its live broadcast of As the World Turns with a "CBS News Bulletin" bumper slide and Walter Cronkite filed an audio-only report over it as no camera was available at the time:
“
Here is a bulletin from CBS News. In Dallas, Texas, three shots were fired at President Kennedy's motorcade in downtown Dallas. The first reports say that President Kennedy has been seriously wounded by this shooting. More details just arrived. These details about the same as previously: President Kennedy shot today just as his motorcade left downtown Dallas. Mrs. Kennedy jumped up and grabbed Mr. Kennedy, she called 'Oh, no!' The motorcade sped on. United Press says that the wounds for President Kennedy perhaps could be fatal. Repeating, a bulletin from CBS News, President Kennedy has been shot by a would-be assassin in Dallas, Texas. Stay tuned to CBS News for further details.
”
Cronkite remained at the CBS anchor desk the entire time and later filed two additional audio-only bulletins to interrupt programming, the last of which pre-empted the remaining running time of As The World Turns.[46]
12:40 PM: LHO boards a bus to make his escape.[47]
12:42 CST: At that time, the ABC and NBC networks weren't on the air. Various programs were being broadcast through their affiliate stations.[38] From their main headquarters in New York, WABC-TV's first bulletin came from Ed Silverman at 1:42 pm EST, interrupting Father Knows Best. Three minutes later, Don Pardo broke into WNBC-TV's Bachelor Father with the news, saying (reading AP bulletin) 'PRESIDENT KENNEDY WAS SHOT TODAY JUST AS HIS MOTORCADE LEFT DOWNTOWN DALLAS. MRS. KENNEDY JUMPED UP AND GRABBED MR. KENNEDY. SHE CRIED 'OH NO!' THE MOTORCADE SPED ON.'[22] (Videotape of the NBC bulletins have been assumed "lost" as they did not start recording coverage until minutes later. However, audio engineer Phil Gries rolled tape on a set of audio recordings on a 1/4" reel to reel audiotape recorder. These have been donated to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.[39] However, NBC, in its book on the coverage of the assassination, mentioned the bulletins.)[40][48]
12:44 PM: LHO leaves the bus when it becomes bogged down in traffic. [49]
12:45 pm: Dallas' ABC television affiliate WFAA was airing a local lifestyle program, The Julie Benell Show, at the time. At 12:45 pm CST, the station abruptly cut from the prerecorded program to news director Jay Watson in the studio, who had been at Dealey Plaza and ran back to the station following the incident:
“
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. You'll excuse the fact that I am out of breath, but about 10 or 15 minutes ago a tragic thing from all indications at this point has happened in the city of Dallas. Let me quote to you this [briefly looks at the bulletin sheet in his left hand], and I'll... you'll excuse me if I am out of breath. A bulletin, this is from the United Press from Dallas: (Reading UPI bulletin) 'President Kennedy and Governor John Connally [in his agitated state, he mispronounced Connally's name as "Colony"] have been cut down by assassins' bullets in downtown Dallas.'[35][50]
”
12:48 PM: LHO hails a cab and asks to be taken to 500 North Beckley. [51]
12:54 PM: LHO exits the cab in the 700 block of Beckley.[52]
12:57 CST: : At 1:57 pm EST, while Ryan was speaking, NBC began broadcasting the report as their camera was ready and working.[39] Three minutes later, at 2:00 EST, CBS' camera was finally ready and Cronkite appeared on the air after a brief station break, with ABC beginning its coverage at the same time. Radio coverage was reported by Don Gardiner (ABC), Alan Jackson (CBS), and Edwin Newman (NBC).[53]
”
1:00 p.m. -- President Kennedy is pronounced dead at Parkland Hospital. [54] Meanwhile, the situation at Parkland Hospital had deteriorated. Even as the press contingent grew, a Roman Catholic priest had been summoned to perform the last rites for President Kennedy.[21] Dr. Malcolm Perry, assistant professor of surgery at UT Southwestern and a vascular surgeon on the Parkland staff was the first to treat Kennedy and he performed a tracheotomy, followed by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed with another surgeon.[22][23] Other doctors and surgeons who gathered worked frantically to save the president's life, but his wounds were too great.[24]
At 1:00 pm CST, after all the activity had ceased, and after the priest administered the last rites, President Kennedy was pronounced dead. Personnel at Parkland Hospital Trauma Room #1, who treated the President, observed that the president's condition was "moribund",[25] meaning he had no chance of survival upon arrival at the hospital. "We never had any hope of saving his life," Dr. Perry said.[20][26] "I am absolutely sure he never knew what hit him," said Dr. Tom Shires, Parkland's chief of surgery.[27] The Very Reverend Oscar L. Huber, the priest who administered the last rites to the president, told The New York Times that the president was already dead upon the priest's arrival at the hospital and had to draw back a sheet covering the President's face so that the last rites could be given.[28][29] Governor Connally, meanwhile, was soon taken to emergency surgery where he underwent two operations that day.
Although President Kennedy was pronounced dead at 1:00 pm CST, the official announcement would not come for another half-hour. Immediately after receiving word of the president's death, acting White House press secretary Malcolm Kilduff entered the room where Vice President Johnson, who was constitutionally now the President, and his wife were sitting.[6][30] Kilduff approached them and said to Johnson, "Mr. President, I have to announce the death of President Kennedy. Is it OK with you that the announcement be made now?"[30] The new president ordered that the announcement be made only after he left the hospital.[31] When asking that the announcement be delayed, Johnson told Kilduff: "I think I had better get out of here.. .before you announce it. We don't know whether this is a worldwide conspiracy, whether they are after me as well as well as they were after President Kennedy, or whether they are after Speaker (John W.) McCormack, or Senator (Carl) Hayden. We just don't know."[6][55]
1:00 P.M. About 1:00 pm, after a bus and taxi ride, Oswald arrived back at his boarding room (1026 North Beckley Ave.), and according to his housekeeper Earlene Roberts, left three or four minutes later. She last saw him standing and waiting at a bus stop.[13][56]
1:03 PM: LHO leaves the rooming house. [57]
1:08 p.m. -- Officer J.D. Tippit calls in to the police dispatch. By 1:16 p.m., he is dead. [58]
1:11 CST: From the time the CBS affiliates joined Walter Cronkite in the news room at around 2:00 EST to approximately 2:38 EST, the coverage alternated from the CBS Newsroom to KRLD-TV's Eddie Barker at the Dallas Trade Mart where President Kennedy was to give his luncheon address. In the 15 to 20 minutes before Kilduff's official announcement, rumors of the President's death were broadcast on radio and TV. At approximately 2:11 EST, CBS News correspondent Dan Rather telephoned one of the two priests who performed last rites on Kennedy to confirm that he had indeed been shot. "Yes, he's been shot and he is dead," the priest told Rather. Almost simultaneously at the Trade Mart, a doctor went up to Barker and whispered, "Eddie, he is dead... I called the emergency room and he is DOA." Moments later, as the news cameras panned throughout the Trade Mart crowds, Barker gave this report:
“
As you can imagine, there are many stories that are coming in now as to the actual condition of the President. One is that he is dead; this cannot be confirmed. Another is that Governor Connally is in the operating room; this we have not confirmed.
”
Several minutes later, when CBS switched back to KRLD and the Trade Mart for another report, Barker repeated the claim of the President's death, adding "the source would normally be a good one." During this report, as Barker was speaking of security precautions for the President's visit, a Trade Mart employee was shown removing the Presidential seal from the podium where President Kennedy was to speak.[59]
At 1:15 p.m, Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit was shot dead near the intersection of 10th St. and Patton Ave.[14][15][16] This was 0.86 mile from Oswald's rooming house. Thirteen people witnessed the man shooting Tippit or fleeing the immediate scene.[17][18] By that evening, five of the witnesses had identified Oswald in police lineups, and a sixth identified him the following day. Four others subsequently identified Oswald from a photograph.[17][18] [60]
1:16 PM: LHO shoots Officer J.D. Tippit and continues fleeing.[61]
1:22 PM: Police broadcast a description of the suspect in the Tippit murder.[62]
1:22 p.m. -- A rifle is found on the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository building. [63]
1:22 CST: Meanwhile, Rather proceeded to telephone CBS News officials in New York, telling executive Mort Dank, "I think he's dead." Despite the unofficial nature of Rather’s report, CBS Radio newsroom supervisor Robert Skedgell wrote "JFK DEAD" on a slip of paper and handed it to CBS Radio news anchor Alan Jackson. At 2:22 EST, eleven minutes before Kilduff's official announcement, Jackson made the following announcement:
“
Ladies and gentlemen, the president of the United States is dead. John F. Kennedy has died of the wounds he received in an assassination in Dallas less than an hour ago. We repeat, it has just been announced (sic) that President Kennedy is dead.
”
After the announcement, CBS Radio, apparently trying to play The Star Spangled Banner, inadvertently aired a brief excerpt of an LP Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings played at 78 rpm (at the wrong speed). After a few seconds of silence, Jackson repeated the news:
“
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President Of The United States, is dead at the age of 46. Shot by an assassin as he drove through the streets of Dallas, Texas less than an hour ago. Repeating this, the President is dead, killed in Dallas, Texas by a gunshot wound.
”
This was followed by an excerpt from the first movement to Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony. After the music Jackson again repeated the news, followed by "The Star Spangled Banner".[64]
1:27 CST: While CBS Radio had taken this to be confirmation of the president's death, there was a debate going on between CBS television network officials as to whether or not to report this development, as Rather's report was not a truly official confirmation. At 2:27 pm, they decided to give Rather's report to Cronkite, who relayed this to the nation:
“
We just have a report from our correspondent Dan Rather in Dallas that he has confirmed that President Kennedy is dead. There is still no official confirmation of this. However, it's a report from our correspondent, Dan Rather, in Dallas, Texas.[65]
”
1:30 pm: In addition to the local Dallas radio and television coverage, recordings exist of coverage by various other radio stations nationwide. One of those records exists from Cincinnati's WLW, which at the time was affiliated with NBC's radio news division and aired the five-minute national newscasts the station provided every half hour. The 1:30 EST newscast was anchored by Martin Agronsky; as Kennedy was to have been delivering his speech at the Trade Mart at precisely that time, Agronsky described the speech in the past tense, as if it had already been delivered. Following the update, WLW began a regular program of playing Broadway musical tunes.
1:32 CST: Then, at approximately 2:32 EST, one of the newsroom staff members rushed to Cronkite's desk with another bulletin. As Cronkite read the bulletin, he had to re-read it as he stumbled over his words.
“
The priest... who were with Kennedy... the two priests who were with Kennedy say that he is dead of his bullet wounds. That seems to be about as close to official as we can get at this time.
”
Although Cronkite continued to stress that there was no official confirmation, the tone of Cronkite's words seemed to indicate that it would only be a matter of time before the official word came. Three minutes later, he received this report.
“
And now, from Washington, government sources say that President Kennedy is dead. Those are government sources, still not an official announcement.
”
Cronkite continued as before while still awaiting word of the official confirmation of the President's death, which at this time had been relayed by Kilduff at the hospital two minutes prior but had not made the press wires yet. After speaking about what Kennedy had done earlier that day in Fort Worth, Cronkite noted that the plane from Fort Worth flew the President to his "rendezvous with death, apparently, in Dallas", although the official bulletin still had not arrived yet.[66]
1:33: At 1:33 pm CST, Kilduff entered a nurses' classroom at the hospital filled with press reporters and made the official announcement:[32][24]
“
President John F. Kennedy died at approximately 1:00 CST today, here in Dallas. He died of a gunshot wound to the brain. I have no other details regarding the assassination of the president."[30][67]
”
1:33 CST: Providing the reports for ABC were Don Goddard, Ron Cochran and Ed Silverman in New York, Edward P. Morgan in Washington, Bob Clark (who as noted above had been riding in the motorcade when Kennedy was shot) from Parkland Hospital, and Bill Lord from the Dallas County sheriff's office. As with the other networks, ABC interspersed with their Dallas affiliate WFAA-TV 8 for up-to-date information. Reporting from WFAA were Bob Walker (who had been at Love Field for live coverage of the President's arrival) and Jay Watson (who had remained on the air locally from the time he broke in to local programming upon his return from Dealey Plaza). They were later joined by Bob Clark upon his arrival from the hospital.
ABC's initial coverage of the incident was very disorganized. Cochran, ABC's primary news anchor, was called back to the studio while out having lunch and had to hurry back to begin his reporting. Silverman was the voice accompanying ABC's first bulletin, broadcast during a rerun episode of Father Knows Best that was airing on a majority of the network's affiliates at the time. The first televised report was given by Goddard in the network's news studio, which was too far away from the teletype machines. Goddard then moved to the newsroom and was joined by the returning Cochran, and the technical crew began constructing an impromptu news set around them (ABC did not have studio space ready for such an occasion; NBC had a flash studio in its newsroom and CBS' reports came directly from their own newsroom as they had since they launched an evening newscast earlier in 1963). Cochran and Goddard were forced to stand and awkwardly hold microphones and headsets so they could report the information.
In addition to the disorganization in New York, ABC was not able to switch to Dallas to speak to its correspondents. Only one feed was available to them at first, which came from the Dallas Trade Mart and CBS affiliate KRLD reporter Eddie Barker. CBS had earlier aired snippets of Barker's report, but had cut it off to return to its own reporting of the incident before Barker finished; ABC aired the remainder of the report until the end. The reason that ABC was able to air the CBS affiliate's coverage was due to a pool arrangement the three major Dallas stations agreed to for the President's visit. WBAP was responsible for covering the President's visit to Fort Worth and his departure and landing at Love Field, WFAA was assigned to cover the parade through downtown Dallas, and KRLD was set up at the Dallas Trade Mart for the address the President was to give.
1:33 CST: At 2:33 pm, Cochran reported that the two priests who were called into the hospital to administer the last rites to the President said that he had died from his wounds. Although this was an unconfirmed report, ABC prematurely placed a photo of the President with the words "JOHN F. KENNEDY -- 1917-1963" on the screen.[68]
1:35 CST: NBC
At NBC-TV, Chet Huntley, Bill Ryan and Frank McGee anchored from the network's emergency "flash" studio (code name 5HN) in New York, with reports from David Brinkley in Washington, Charles Murphy and Tom Whelan from NBC affiliate WBAP-TV (now KXAS-TV) in Fort Worth, Texas, and Robert MacNeil, who had been in the motorcade, at Parkland Hospital.[41] Edwin Newman reported from NBC Radio with periodic simulcast with NBC-TV.
Throughout the first 35 minutes, there were technical difficulties with the Fort Worth TV relay as well as with the phone link MacNeil was using to report from the hospital.[38] When the coverage began, McGee was waiting for MacNeil to call in with information. While Ryan and Huntley were recounting the information, McGee got MacNeil on the line and told him to recount chronologically what happened.[21] However, NBC was using a studio that wasn't equipped to patch calls through to the air and MacNeil wasn't able to be heard in the studio. McGee then decided to have MacNeil speak slowly and relay what he said in fragments.[38] While McGee and MacNeil were talking Huntley was handed a speaker and attached it to the phone's receiver, enabling MacNeil to be heard. However, just as the speaker was attached MacNeil decided to leave to gather more information and got a medical student to hold the line for him.[21]
At approximately 2:35 pm, Huntley alluded to the last time a president had died in office:
“
In just this momentary lull, I would assume that the memory of every person listening at this moment has flashed back to that day in April 1945 when Franklin Delano Roosevelt...
”
Ryan then broke in with the first unofficial report of the president's death:[42]
“
Excuse me, Chet. Here is a flash from the Associated Press, dateline Dallas: 'Two priests who were with President Kennedy say he is dead of bullet wounds.' There is no further confirmation, but this is what we have on a flash basis from the Associated Press: 'Two priests in Dallas who were with President Kennedy say he is dead of bullet wounds.' There is no further confirmation. This is the only word we have indicating that the president may, in fact, have lost his life. It has just moved on the Associated Press wires from Dallas. The two priests were called to the hospital to administer the last rites of the Roman Catholic Church. And it is from them, we get the word, that the president has died, that the bullet wounds inflicted on him as he rode in a motorcade through downtown Dallas have been fatal. We will remind you that there is no official confirmation of this from any source as yet.
”
McGee was then informed that Vice President Lyndon Johnson left the hospital in a motorcade and relayed that information to the public. which Ryan said might well be confirmation of the AP flash. At that point, NBC Radio (in which Newman had just reported the same flash) relayed into simulcast with NBC-TV. NBC then switched to Charles Murphy of WBAP-TV in Fort Worth, who substantiated the report by adding that the Dallas police department had, only several minutes earlier, notified its officers that Kennedy was dead.[42]
After coverage returned to the NBC flash studio, McGee informed Huntley and Ryan that MacNeil was on the line with a report. As before, the report was relayed in fragments by McGee:[42]
“
White House (Acting) Press Secretary... Malcolm Kilduff... has just announced that President Kennedy... died at approximately 1:00 Central Standard Time, which is about 35 minutes ago...
”
At that point the crew finished working on the audio link, allowing MacNeil to be heard in the studio. McGee continued to relay the information, unaware of this:
“
...after being shot at (after being shot)... by an unknown assailant (by an unknown assailant) ...during a motorcade drive through downtown Dallas (during a motorcade drive through downtown Dallas).
”
MacNeil continued to give McGee information for four minutes, which McGee relayed as he had before. After MacNeil relayed all the relevant information he had he left to get further news, and McGee was seen wiping a tear from his eye.[69]
1:35-1:40 P.M. After the Tippit murder, Oswald was witnessed traveling on foot toward the Texas Theatre on West Jefferson Blvd.[19] About 1:35 p.m. Johnny Calvin Brewer, who worked as a manager at Hardy's Shoe Store in the same block as the Texas Theatre on Jefferson Blvd. saw Oswald turning his face away from the street and duck into the entranceway of the shoe store as Dallas squad cars drove up the street with sirens on. When Oswald left the store, Brewer followed Oswald and watched him go into the Texas Theater movie house without paying while ticket attendant Julie Postal was distracted. Brewer notified Postal, who in turn informed the Dallas Police at 1:40 p.m. [70]
1:37: At approximately 1:37 pm, the planned playing of the original cast album to the 1956 musical Li'l Abner was interrupted by the host:
“
We'll have to stand by here just a moment, there may be something... happening. Yes, there is. There's a bulletin just handed me from Dallas, Texas... an unknown sniper fired three shots at President Kennedy- this is, uh, in connection with President Kennedy, who is now touring Texas as you know- uh... I'll tell you exactly how this reads. "Dallas- an unknown sniper fired three shots at...", and then there's five letters: PMOUX, then a flash, Kennedy's name is misspelled, flash again, and at the bottom of this headline it says "Kennedy seriously wounded".
”
After the flash was read and recapped, the station tried to return to the music. However, the overture to Li'l Abner was interrupted several times. After the first time, two staff members at the station were overheard conversing. "He's been shot," said one. "Who?" asked the other. "Kennedy," replied the first. "The President?" asked the second. "Yeah," the first confirmed. This was immediately followed by a bulletin from the WLW newsroom, which was their first official bulletin and was read as follows:
“
Here is a bulletin from the WLW Comex Newsroom: a late bulletin from Dallas where three shots were fired at President Kennedy's motorcade today in downtown Dallas, no casualties reported at first however the latest flash indicates President Kennedy was seriously wounded, perhaps fatally, by an assassin's bullet. That's all the information we have; a bulletin, a sniper apparently seriously wounded President Kennedy in downtown Dallas today, perhaps fatally. We'll keep you posted as the news comes in to the WLW newsroom.
”
WLW then played instrumental music by Percy Faith for some time afterward before switching to NBC's nationwide radio coverage of the incident anchored by Edwin Newman, adding relevant information where necessary. [71]\
1:38 CST: Five minutes later, this photo was again prematurely placed when Cochran received an erroneous report that the President had died at 1:35 pm Central time when, in fact, he had died at 1:00. A few minutes following that, Cochran received the same report concerning government sources announcing Kennedy's death that Walter Cronkite had reported as unofficial on CBS. However, Cochran relayed this as if it was the official confirmation of what had happened:
Government sources now confirm...we have this from Washington. Government sources now confirm that President Kennedy is dead. So that, apparently, is the final word and an incredible event that I am sure no one except the assassin himself could have possibly imagined would occur on this day.[72]
1:38 CST: Immediately after that, at 2:38 EST, Cronkite remarked on fearful concerns of demonstrations in Dallas similar to the attack of U.N. Ambassador Adlai Stevenson in Dallas the previous month. At that moment, a CBS News employee seen in the background pulled off a sheet from the AP News ticker. He quickly relayed it (off-camera) to Cronkite, who put on his glasses, took a few seconds to read the sheet, and made the announcement:
“
From Dallas, Texas, the flash, apparently official: [reading AP flash] 'PRESIDENT KENNEDY DIED AT 1 P.M. (CST),'[32] 2:00 Eastern Standard Time, some thirty-eight minutes ago.
”
After reading the flash, Cronkite took off his glasses so he could consult the studio clock, which established the lapse in time since Kennedy had died. He paused briefly and replaced his eyeglasses, visibly moved for a moment. Cronkite continued:
“
Vice President Johnson has left the hospital in Dallas, but we do not know to where he has proceeded. Presumably, he will be taking the oath of office shortly and become the thirty-sixth president of the United States.[73]
1:38 CST:KLIF Radio, Dallas
From local radio station KLIF, Gary Delaune, Joe Long (who had reported the President's arrival at Love Field earlier from KLIF News Mobile Unit #4) and Gordon McLendon (having returned to the radio station from the Trade Mart) relayed the bulletins as received. They continuously stressed, as a strict radio station rule of McLendon's, whether the information received is from official or unofficial sources, especially concerning reports of the President's death. At approximately 2:38 pm, KLIF's Teletype sounds ten bells (indicating an incoming bulletin of utmost importance) and Long is given the official flash:
Gordon McLendon: "The President is clearly, gravely, critically, and perhaps fatally wounded. There are strong indications that he may already have expired, although that is not official, we repeat, not official. But, the extent of the injuries to Governor Connally is, uh, a closely shrouded secret at the moment..."
Joe Long: "President Kennedy is dead, Gordon. This is official word."
Gordon McLendon: "Ladies and gentlemen, the President is dead. The President, ladies and gentlemen, is dead at Parkland Hospital in Dallas."
Following the official announcement of President Kennedy's death, all three networks cancelled their regular programming and commercials for the first time in the short history of television and ran coverage on a non-stop basis for four days. The assassination of President Kennedy was the longest uninterrupted news event in the history of American television until just before 9:00 am ET, September 14, 2001, when the networks were on the air for 72 hours straight covering the 9/11 terrorist attacks.[43][74]
”
”
1:40 PM: LHO enters the Texas Theater.[75]
1:50: Almost two dozen policemen, sheriffs, and detectives in several patrol cars arrived at Texas Theatre because they believed Tippit's killer was inside. When an arrest attempt was made at 1:50 pm inside the theater, Oswald resisted arrest and, according to the police, attempted to shoot a patrolman after yelling once, "Well, it's all over now!" then punching a patrolman.[20] [76]
1:55 p.m. -- Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested at the Texas Theater in Oak Cliff for the murder of Officer Tippit.[77]
2:00 PM: LHO arrives at Dallas Police headquarters.[78]
2:04 p.m. -- John F. Kennedy's body leaves Parkland Hospital and is taken to Love Field to be carried to Washington, D.C. on board Air Force One.[79] A few minutes after 2:00 pm CST, and after a ten to fifteen minute confrontation between cursing and weapons-brandishing Secret Service agents and doctors, President Kennedy's body was removed from Parkland Hospital and driven to Air Force One.[33] According to some Assassination researchers, this removal may have been illegal, as the body was removed before undergoing a forensic examination by the Dallas coroner, and against Texas state laws.[34] The murder of the president was, at that time, listed on the books as a state-level crime and not a federal one, and as such legally occurred under Texas jurisdiction. To this date, however, no official legal body has ruled on this matter, quite possibly as the point is now somewhat disregarded.[citation needed][80]
2:25 p.m. -- Lee Harvey Oswald is interrogated for more than an hour and a half, taken to a lineup, interrogated for another hour and forty-five minutes, taken to another lineup, then a third lineup, then interrogated again. At 11:00 p.m., there is a fourth interrogation by an FBI agent.[81]
2:30 PM: LHO is first questioned by Dallas police.[82]
2:38 CST: Return to Washington
Once back at Air Force One, and only after Mrs. Kennedy and President Kennedy’s body had also returned to the plane, Lyndon Johnson was sworn in by Sarah T. Hughes as the thirty-sixth President of the United States of America at 2:38 pm CST.[44][83]
[84]
[85]
3:01 PM: At 3:01 p.m. Dallas time, only an hour after Oswald was taken into the Dallas jail, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover wrote a memo to his assistant directors in which he stated, "I called the attorney general at his home and told him I thought we had the man who killed the President down in Dallas, at the present time."[86]
4:05 PM: LHO is taken to the basement for the first lineup. [87]
4:20 PM: LHO is returned upstairs for further questioning in Captain Fritz' office. [88]
5:00 pm:
[89]
[92]
5:00 CST: At about 6:00 pm EST, Air Force One arrived at Andrews Air Force Base near Washington D.C.[45][46] The television networks made the switch to the AFB just as the plane touched down. Reporting the arrival for the TV networks were Richard Bate (ABC),[47] Charles Von Fremd (CBS),[48] and Bob Abernethy & Nancy Dickerson (NBC).[49]
After President Kennedy's brother, Robert Kennedy, boarded the plane,[50][51] Kennedy's casket was removed from the rear entrance and loaded into a light gray US Navy ambulance for its transport to the Bethesda Naval Hospital for an autopsy and mortician's preparations.[52] When Jackie Kennedy stepped off the plane with her brother-in-law, her pink suit and legs were still stained with her husband's blood.[53] All that long afternoon and into the early morning hours of the next day, the widow objected to leaving her husband's body, except for the swearing in of Johnson.[54] She also refused to change out of her blood-stained suit; Lady Bird Johnson, in her audio diary, quoted Mrs. Kennedy as saying "I want them to see what they have done to Jack."[55][56][57]
Shortly after the ambulance with the casket and Mrs. Kennedy departed, President Johnson and the First Lady exited Air Force One.[45] They were led to a podium clustered with microphones where Lyndon Johnson made his first official statement as president of the United States:
“
This is a sad time for all people. We have suffered a loss that cannot be weighed. For me, it is a deep, personal tragedy. I know the world shares the sorrow that Mrs. Kennedy and her family bear. I will do my best; that is all I can do. I ask for your help and God's.[58]
”
President Johnson himself ordered the arrival to be televised live.[59] While en route to Washington from Dallas, he and Kilduff told the other assistant press secretary, Andrew Hatcher, that he was going to make his statement and that he wanted the arrival to be televised live.[59] As the new president boarded his helicopter, he said that Mrs. Kennedy was in his heart and remarked about the presidency, and recounted, "Then the door of the helicopter slammed shut behind me and thus ended a tragic chapter in American history."[58][93]
6:20 PM: LHO is taken for the second lineup. [94]
6:35 PM: LHO is returned upstairs for questioning. [95]
7:05 CST: Charges laid on Oswald
At 7:05 pm CST Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with "murder with malice" in the killing of police officer J.D. Tippit.[60][96]
7:10 PM: LHO is formally arraigned for the murder of Tippit. [97]
7:40 PM: LHO is taken for the third lineup.[98]
11:26 p.m. -- Oswald is charged with the murder of President Kennedy.[99]
November 22, 1978: In Iran the government of General Azhari was given a vote of confidence.[100]
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[1] Trinity Episcopal, Highland Park, IL
[2] Wikipedia
1. [3] ^ St Cecilia by RENI, Guido
2. ^ a b c "St. Cecilia". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03471b.htm.
3. ^ Fuller, Osgood Eaton: Brave Men and Women. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, page 272. ISBN 0-554-34122-0
4. ^ Rom. sott. ii. 147.
5. ^ The Life of Saint Cecilia – Golden Legend article
6. ^ Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, The Second Nun's Tale, prologue, 85–119. As the rubric to these lines declare, the nun draws her etymologies from the Legenda Aurea of Jacobus de Voragine (Jacobus Januensis - James of Genoa - in the rubric).
7. ^ Ode on St. Cecilia's Day (composed 1711) at, for example, www.PoemHunter.com
8. ^ Lyrics of "The Coast"
9. ^ Cecilia will put song in your heart, Ideally Speaking (Jerry Johnston), Deseret News, 14 November 2009, p. E1. Johnston writes: " . . if you're a composer who needs a melody, talk to Cecilia. She'll put a song in your heart."
[4] Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_in_Lyons"
[5] http://www.freewebs.com/bubadutep75/
[6] The Gospel of Judas, NTGEO, 4/09/2006
[7] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=170&endyear=179
[8] In Search For Turkey Foot Road, Page 6.
[9] In Search of the Turkey Foot Road: From Fort Cumberland to the North Fork of the Youghiogheny, Lannie Dietle, Michael NcKenzie, page 66.
[10] In Search of Turkey Foot, page 6.
[11] Orange County Records, Order Book, 1747-54. p. 509.t Orange County Records, Will Book !, p. 191.
Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 317-320
[12] Cattle. No domestic cattle were found in the Western Hemisphere until the arrival of Europeans. The closest thing to a cow in North America was the buffalo—which had never been domesticated. The colonists brought cattle from Europe. The British brought Jerseys, Guernseys, Ayrshires, Herefords and others. The Dutch and Germans brought Holsteins and some others. The Herefords were beef cattle; the others were milch cows. The milking of cows was considered “woman’s work.” The absence of abundant feed grasses, particularly in the late fall and early spring in North America, found many farmers with starved cattle. The planting of feed grasses and the storage of hay and silage became a common practice as it is today. Where possible farmers ran cattle on wheat fields planted in the fall (winter wheat) during the early growing season in the spring. Moderate grazing was found to have a negligible effect on the wheat output. The subsistence-level farmers in the backwoods allowed their beef cattle to graze in the woods and herded them in only when taking them to market. The black and white Holstein has remained a dominant milch cow to this date. A disadvantage of raising cattle is that they require acres of land per cow when considering land for grazing and land for winter silage and other feeding. Settlers who wanted to raise cattle were forced to cut down a lot of trees and clear great amounts of land.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm
[13] [James Edward Harrison, A comment of the family of ANDREW HARRISON who died in ESSEX COUNTY, VIRGINIA in 1718 (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: privately printed, no date), 52-53.] .] Chronological Listing of Events In the Lives of Andrew Harrison, Sr. of Essex County, Virginia, Andrew Harrison, Jr. of Essex and Orange Counties, Virginia, Lawrence Harrison, Sr. of Virginia and Pennsylvania Compiled from Secondary Sources Covering the time period of 1640 through 1772 by Daniel Robert Harrison, Milford, Ohio, November, 1998.
[14]In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 89.
[15] Bread. To make good bread one must be “Up in the morning, just at the peep of day.” “Bread is the staff of life.” “A day without bread is a day without sunshine.” The making of bread was nearly the signature of each cook on the frontier. Some kept yeast in a stone jar with a tight lid in a cool place all year around—at the spring house would be good, or in a cellar. Additional yeast would be grown with the help of a few stalks of hops, a few potatoes, and some starter yeast. Grinding wheat into flour more than a few weeks ahead of time might expose it to large or small pests. Make certain the flour is well sifted. You may use milk in place of water, but if you use milk make sure to scald it first, and then let it cool off to body temperature. You might add some strained mashed potatoes. Use about one cup of yeast to make three or four loaves.
The recipes and procedures for kneading and baking are as numerous as the mixing of the base ingredients. Bread can be varied with corn, rye, buckwheat, buttermilk, graham meal, and whatever else strikes the baker. A voyager may choose an inn for a meal based on its “bread.”
http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm
[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Watertown
[17] [Robert Torrence, Torrence and Allied Families (Philadelphia: Wickersham Press, 1938), 317; Orange County, Virginia Records, Order Book, 1747-1754: 509] A Chronological listing of Events in the Lives of Andrew1,Andrew2 and Lawrence Harrison by Daniel Robert Harrison, Milford, Ohio, November, 1998.
[18] Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence, pg 326
[19] http://trees.ancestry.com/owt/editperson.aspx?pid=30421160&st=1
[20] The Brothers Crawford, Allen W. Scholl, 1995
[21] (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pge. 454.21)
[22] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary
[23] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
[24] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin Texas, February 11, 2012
[25] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[26] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[27] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[28] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[29] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[30] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin, TX. February 11, 1963
[31] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin, TX. February 11, 1963
[32] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[33] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[34] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[35] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[36] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[37] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[38] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[39] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[40] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[41] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[42] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[43] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[44] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[45] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[46] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[47]
[48][http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[49] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[50] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[51] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[52] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[53] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[54] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[55] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[56] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[57] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[58] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[59] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[60] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[61] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[62] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[63] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[64] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[65] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[66] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[67] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[67] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[68] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[69] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[70] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[71] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[72] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki
[73] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki
[74] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[75] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[76] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[77] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[78] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[79] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[80] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[81] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[82] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[83] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[84] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[85] LBJ Pr\esidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[86] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[87] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[88] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[89] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[90] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[91] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[92] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[93] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[94] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[95] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[96] http://dallas.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=dallas&cdn=citiestowns&tm=196&gps=31_47_1161_564&f=00&tt=12&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_assassination
[97] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[98] http://jfkassassination.net/parnell/chrono.htm
[99] http://dallas.about.com/od/history/f/JFKTimeline.htm
[100] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 503
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