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Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
November 29, 1223: Solet annuere
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Bull of the Lord Pope Honorius III
on the Rule of the Friars Minor
November 29, 1223 A. D.
Honorius
Bishop, Servant of the servants of God,
to our beloved sons, Friar Francis
and the other friars of the Order of the Friars Minor,
greetings and apostolic Benediction:
The Apostolic See is accustomed to deign to grant Her benevolent favor according to the pious wishes and the upright desires of those petitioning to share in it. On which account, beloved sons in the Lord, having yielded to your pious entreaties, We confirm by Our apostolic authority the Rule of your Order, approved by Our precedessor, Pope Innocent, of good memory, quoted herein, and We thoroughly fortify with the partronage of this present writing that, which is as follows:
Chapter I
In the name of the Lord begins the life of the Friars Minor.
The Rule and life of the Friars Minor is this, namely, to observe the Holy Gospel of Our Lord Jesus Christ, by living in obedience, without anything of one's own, and in chastity.
Friar Francis promises obedience and reverence to the Lord Pope Honorius and his canonically elected successors, and to the Roman Church; and the other friars are bound to obey Friar Francis and his successors.
Chapter II
Concerning those who wish to adopt this life, and how they should be received.
If any would desire to adopt this life and would come to our brothers, let them send them to their Ministers provincial, to whom alone, and not to others, is the permission to receive friars conceded. Let the ministers indeed examine them diligently concerning the Catholic Faith and the sacraments of the Church.
And if they believe these things and want to observe them faithfully and firmly unto the end, and they have no wives or, if they do, their wives have already entered a monastery, or having taken a vow of continence, permission [to enter one] has been granted to them by authority of the bishop of the diocese, and the wives are of such an age that suspicion cannot arise concerning them, let them say unto these the word of the Holy Gospel (cf Mt 19:21), that they should go and sell all that is their own and strive to give it to the poor. But if they cannot do this, a good will suffices for them.
And let the friars and their ministers beware, lest they be sollicitous concering their temporal things, so that they may freely do with their own things, whatever the Lord will have inspired them. If however counsel is required, let the ministers have permission to send them to other God fearing men, by whose counsel their goods may be spent [erogentur] on the poor. Afterwards let them grant them the clothes of probation, that is, two tunics without a capuche, a cord [cingulum] , breeches, and a caparone [extending] to the cord, unless it seems to the same ministers [that it should be] otherwise according to God. Having truly finished the year of probation, let them be received to obedience, promising to observe always this life and Rule.
And in no manner will it be licit for them to go forth from this religious institute [de ista religione exire], according to the command of the Lord Pope, because according to the Holy Gospel "No one putting hand to the plow and turning back is fit for the Kingdom of God." (Lk 9:62)
And let those who have already promised obedience have a tunic with a capuche, and if they wish to have it, another without a capuche. And let those who are driven by necessity be able to wear footwear. And let all the friars wear cheep clothing and be able to patch these with sack-cloth and other pieces with the blessing of God. I warn and exhort them, not to despise nor judge men, whom they see clothed with soft and colored clothes, using danty food and drink, but rather let each one judge and despise his very self.
Chapter III
Concerning the divine office and fasting; and in what manner the brothers ought to go through the world.
Clerics are to perform [faciant] the divine office according to the Ordo of the Holy Roman Church, except for the psalter, for which they can have beviaries.
Let the laymen indeed say twenty-four "Our Fathers" for matins; for lauds five ; for prime, terce, sext and none, for each of these seven, for vespers, however, twelve; for compline seven; and let them pray for the dead.
And let them fast from the Feast of All saints until Christmas. Indeed may those who voluntaritly fast the holy lent, which begins at Ephiphany and for the forty days that follow, which the Lord consecrated with His own holy fast, be blessed by the Lord, and let those who do not wish [to do so] not be constrained. But let them fast the other [lent] until the [day of the] Resurrection of the Lord.
At other times however they are not bound to fast, except on fridays. Indeed in time of manifest necessity the friars are not bound to the corporal fast.
Indeed, I counsel, warn and exhort my friars in the Lord Jesus Christ, that when they go about through the world, they are not to quarrel nor contend in words (cf 2 Tim 2:14), nor are they to judge others, but they are to be meek, peacible and modest, meek and humble, speaking uprightly to all, as is fitting. And they should not ride horseback, unless they are driven [to do so] by manifest necessity or infirmity.
Into whatever house they may enter, first let them say: "Peace to this house." (cf Lk 10:5) And according to the Holy Gospel it is lawful to eat of any of the foods, which are placed before them. (cf Lk 10:8)
Chapter IV
That the brothers should not receive money.
I firmly command all the friars, that in no manner are they to receive coins or money through themselves or through an interposed person. However for the necessities of the infirm and for the clothing of the other friars, only the ministers and the custodes are to conduct a sollicitous care, by means of spiritual friends, according to places and seasons and cold regions, as they see expedites necessity; with this always preserved, that, as has been said, they do not receive coins nor money.
Chapter V
On the manner of working.
Let those friars, to whom the Lord gives the grace to work, work faithfully and devotedly, in such a way that, having excluded idleness, the enemy of the soul, they do not extinguish the spirit of holy prayer and devotion, which all other temporal things should serve zealously [deservire]. Indeed concerning the wages of labor, let them receive for themselves and for their friars what is for the necessity of the body, except coins or money, and this [they should do] humbly, as befits the servants of God and the followers of most holy poverty.
Chapter VI
That the Friars are to appropriate nothing for themselves, and concerning the begging of alms and sick friars.
Let the Friars appropriate nothing for themselves, neither house nor place, nor any thing. And as pilgrims and exiles (cf 1 Pt 2:11) in this age let them go about for alms confidently, as ones serving the Lord in poverty and humility, nor is it proper that they be ashamed [to do so], since the Lord made Himself poor in this world (cf 2 Cor 8:9) for us. This is that loftiness of most high poverty, which has established you, my most dear Friars, as heirs and kings of the Kingdom of Heaven, making you poor in things, it has raised you high in virtues (cf Jm 2:5). Let this be your "portion", which leads you "into the land of the living" (cfr Ps 141,6). Cleaving totally to this, most beloved Friars, may you want to have nothing other under heaven in perpetuity, for the [sake of] the Name of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
And, wherever the friars are and find themselves, let them mutually show themselves to be among their family members. And let them without fear manifest to one another their own need, since, if a mother nourishes and loves her own son (cf 1 Th 2:7) according to the flesh, how much more diligently should he love and nourish his own spiritual brother?
And, if any of them should fall into infirmity, the other friars should care for him, as they would want to be cared for themselves.
Chapter VII
On the penance to be imposed on Friars who are sinning.
If any of the friars, at the instigation of the enemy, should sin mortally, for those sins, concerning which it has be ordained among the friars, that one have recourse to the Ministers provincial alone, the aforesaid friars are bound to have recourse to them as soon as they can, without delay. Indeed let the Ministers themselves, if they are priests, with mercy enjoin upon them a penance; if indeed they are not priests, let them have it enjoined by other priests of the order, as it will seem to them to better expedite [the matter] according to God. And they should beware, not to grow angry and be distressed on account of the sin of another, since anger and distress impede charity in themselves and in others.
Chapter VIII
On the election of the Minister general of this fraternity; and on the Chapter at Pentecost.
All the friars are bound to have always one of the friars of this very same religion as Minister general and servant of the whole fraternity and they are bound firmly to obey him. When he dies, let an election of a successor be made by the Ministers provincials and the custodes in the Pentecost Chapter, in which the ministers provincial are bound to convene at once [or at the same time], wherever it will have been determined by the minister general; and this once every three years or at another interval greater or less, as it will have been ordained by the aforesaid minister.
And if at any time it may appear to all the Ministers provincial and to the custodes, that the aforesaid minister is not sufficient for the service and common utility of the friars, the aforesaid friars, to whom the electing has been given, are bound in the Name of the Lord to choose another another as their guard [in custodem]. Indeed, after the Pentecost Chapter, let the ministers and custodes each be able, if they want and if it will seem to be expedient for them, once in the same year to call their friars together in chapter in their own custodies.
Chapter IX
On preachers.
Le the friars not preach in the diocese of any bishop, when he has spoken against their [preaching]. And let no friar at all [penitus] dare preach to the people, unless he will have been examined by the minister general of this fraternity and approved, and there be conceded to him by the same the office of preaching.
I also warn and exhort these same friars, that in preaching, that they do, their expressions be considered and chaste (cf Ps 11:7; 17:21), for [sake of] the utility and edification of the people, by announcing to them vices and virtues, punishment and glory with brevity of speech; since a brief word did the Lord speak upon the earth. (cf Rom 9:28)
Chapter X
On the admonition and correction of the friars.
Let the friars, who are ministers and servants of the other friars, visit and warn their friars and humbly and charitably correct them, not commanding them anything which is contrary to their soul and our Rule. Indeed let the friars, who are subjects, remember, that for the sake of God they have renounced their own wills. Whence I firmly command them, to obey thier ministers in all things which they have promised the Lord to observe and which are not contrary to their soul or to our Rule. And wherever the friars are, who know and understand, that they themselves are not able to observe the rule spiritually, they should and can have recourse to their ministers. Indeed let the ministers receive them charitably and kindly and be so familiar with them, that they can speak to them and act as lords with their servants; for so it should be, because the ministers are the servants of all the friars.
Indeed I warn and exhort the friars in the Lord Jesus Christ, that they beware of all pride, vain glory, envy, avarice (cf Lk 12:15), care and sollicitude for this age, detraction and murmuring, and that those who are ignorant of letters not care to learn letters; but let them strive, so that above all things they should desire to have the Spirit of the Lord and His holy operation, to pray always to Him with a pure heart and to have humility, [and] patience in persecution and in infirmity, and to love those who persecute and correct and accuse us, because the Lord says, "Love your enemies, pray for those who persecute and calumniate you" (Mt. 5:44). "Blessed are those who suffer persecution for justice's sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven" (Mt. 5:10). "He who has persevered until the end, however, will be saved" (Mt. 10:22).
Chapter XI
That the brothers should not enter the monasteries of nuns.
I frimly command all the brothers not to have suspicious company or conversation with women, and not to enter the monasteries of nuns, except those [friars] to whom special permission has been conceded by the Apostolic See; neither are they to be godfathers of men or women [so that] scandal may not arise on this account among the friars nor concerning them.
Chapter XII
Concerning those going among the Saracens and other infidels.
Let whoever of the friars who by divine inspiration wants to go among the saracens and other infidels seek permission for that reason from thier minister provincial. Indeed the ministers are to grant permission to go to none, except those whom seems to be fit to be sent.
For which sake I enjoin the ministers by obedience, to seek from the Lord Pope one of the cardinals of the Roman Church, who is to be the govenor, protector, and corrector of this fraternity, so that always subject and prostrate at the feet of this same Holy Church, stable in the Catholic Faith (cf Col 1:23) we may observe, what we have firmly promised: the poverty and humility and the Holy Gospel of Our Lord Jesus Christ.
The Confirmation of the Rule
Let it not be in any way licit to anyone among men to infringe this page of our confirmation, or to contravene it with rash daring. If anyone however would presume to attempt this, let him know himself to have incurred the indignation of the Omnipotent God and of Blessed Peter and Paul, His Apostles.
Given at the Lateran, on the third day of the Kalens of December, in the eight year of Our Pontificate.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This translation has been released to the public domain by its author.
Left most text pertains to the Papal Bull, Solet Annuere, which confirmed the Rule of St. Francis on November 29 1223 A.D. The red text did not form part of the original. This translation has been made from the latin text found in Fr. K. Esser's critical edition of the Writings of St. Francis.[1]
1224: Anglo-French war begins, Henry VII proclaims Public Peace at Wurzburg, Franciscan friars in England, St. Berthold probable founder of Carmelite Order, founding of Naples U, Abdallah ur-Ruml creates Arab geographical encyclopedia, War between France and England to 1227. [2]
1224-1250: (Werneck) between 1224 and 1250 divided first the German medal and late Konrad von Reichenberg as well as Konrad von Schmiedefeld the possession, until he finally ignored high pin to the Wuerzburg. (Translation)[3]
November 29, 1530: – Cardinal Thomas Wolsey dies. [4]
November 29, 1338:
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
born November 29, 1338
died October 7, 1368
Married (1) Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster in 1352; Had issue. Married (2) Violante Visconti on May 28, 1368; No issue.
[5]
Lionel of Antwerp is the 2nd cousin 20x removed
November 29th, 1349 - Jews of Augsburg Germany massacred.
November 29, 1499: – Edward Plantagent, the real earl of Warwick, is executed. His only crime is being a threat to Henrys throne. The House of Platagenent now has no legitimate male line. [6]
1500 CE
Earth Temps: A.D. 0 to 1950
Example of regional variations in surface air temperature for the last 1000 years, estimated from a variety of sources, including temperature-sensitive tree growth indices and written records of various kinds, largely from western Europe and eastern North America. Shown are changes in regional temperature in ° C, from the baseline value for 1900. Compiled by R. S. Bradley and J. A. Eddy based on J. T. Houghton et al., Climate Change: The IPCC Assessment, Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge, 1990 and published in EarthQuest, vol 5, no 1, 1991. Courtesy of Thomas Crowley, Remembrance of Things Past: Greenhouse Lessons from the Geologic Record[7]
http://cdn.theatlanticwire.com/img/upload/2012/07/09/120709092606-large.jpg[8]
American Plagues
16th Century
Aztec-Indians-3
Before the European arrival, the Americas had been largely isolated from the Eurasian–African landmass. First large-scale contacts between Europeans and native people of the American continents brought overwhelming pandemics of measles and smallpox, as well as other Eurasian diseases. These diseases spread rapidly among native peoples, often ahead of actual contact with Europeans, and led to a drastic drop in population and the collapse of American cultures. Smallpox and other diseases invaded and crippled the Aztec and Inca civilizations in Central and South America in the 16th century. This disease, with loss of population and death of military and social leaders, contributed to the downfall of both American empires and the subjugation of American peoples to Europeans. Diseases, however, passed in both directions; syphilis was carried back from the Americas and swept through the European population, decimating large numbers.[9]
1500: Isle of Iona in the Reilig Orain (S. Oran's Chapel),
The altar slab of the Cathedral itself came from MacKinnon's country of Strath. It was one of the finest pieces of marble ever seen, being granulated and pure white. No trace of it now remains. Close to the altar on the north side of the choir, is a tomb stone of black marble quite entire, on which is a very fine recumbent figure of the Abbot MacFingon, as large as life, in his sacred robes, with a crozier in one hand, and the other lifted up to his chin, elbowing two lions at one end, and spurning two at the other. This elegant tomb stone which has always been considered the stateliest in the island, is supported by four pedestals about one foot high, and round the margin is the inscription, "Hic jacet Johannes Macfingone Abbas de Hy [Iona,] qui obiit anno Domini millessimo quingen tessimo [I500], Cujus animae propitietur DEUS altissimus. Amen." [10]
1500
Go back twenty generations, to about 1500 CE, and there could be, theoretically, over one million ancestors who could have contributed to your nuclear genes. In practice, many of these potential ancestors will actually be the same individuals, whose lines of descent have come down to you along different pathways, crossing between males and females through the generations in an unpredictable way. Tracing the genealogy of all 30,000 genes through this maze of interconnections would be quite impossible.[11]
Conclusion: Future Jewish DNA Studies
The DNA studies have revealed a high degree of genetic interrelatedness among Ashkenazi groups, particularly among those of Eastern Europe. This common ancestry can be attributed to a small founding population, coupled with rapid population growth and a high rate of endogamy over the past 500 years. The studies also indicate a sharing of genetic ancestry between eastern and western Ashkenazim, supporting the view that some portion of Eastern European Jewry was founded by western Ashkenazim.
DNA research has also revealed significant genetic links between Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jewish populations, despite their separation for generations. With the Cohanim study, researchers found a clear genetic connection between the Jewish priests and a shared Israelite ancestor from the past. Additional genetic results suggest that the Ashkenazim can trace at least part of their ancestry to their Israelite forbearers.
But Jewish DNA presents a picture that is far more complex than just the Cohanim results. This picture is also far more diverse than what many genetic studies on Ashkenazi Jews would suggest. Instead, many of those studies have focused heavily on the Israelite DNA results, often downplaying the significant contribution of European and Khazarian ancestors. The examination of only a single component of Jewish ancestry has resulted in an incomplete and, to a certain extent, distorted presentation of the Jewish genetic picture.
Diversity was present from Jewish beginnings, when various Semitic and Mediterranean peoples came together to form the Israelites of long ago. The genetic picture was clearly enriched during the Diaspora, when Jews spread far and wide across Europe, attracting converts and intermarrying over time with their European hosts. The most recent DNA evidence indicates that from this blending of Middle Eastern and European ancestors, the diverse DNA ancestry of the Ashkenazi Jews emerged.
Although the debate over the fate of the Khazars is far from over, DNA research suggests that remnants of these mysterious people continue to exist within the genetic makeup of Ashkenazi Jews. In fact, the Levite results indicate that the Khazars became fully integrated into the Ashkenazi communities and came to play an important role within the Jewish priesthood.
The Cohanim results do not disprove the genetic contribution of the Khazars. Rather, the DNA studies indicate that Jews are not entirely Khazarian, Israelite or European in genetic makeup, but a complex and unique mixture of all these peoples.
Genetic studies of the future will hopefully clarify many of the remaining mysteries surrounding the origins and formation of the Ashkenazi communities. For instance, the origins and distribution of the most common mtDNA haplogroup among Ashkenazim – haplogroup K – remains unexplored. Additionally, tantalizing differences in the genetic makeup of western and eastern Ashkenazi populations remain to be fully investigated by DNA researchers.
In addition to the Ashkenazim, many other Jewish groups are ripe for study by genetic researchers. Examination of these groups will no doubt help illuminate their common genetic bonds as well as their differences with other Jewish populations. Groups such as the Sephardic and Mizrachi Jews await study of their own unique DNA makeup.
In conclusion, much remains to be explored regarding the DNA of various Jewish populations. Future DNA studies will undoubtedly provide a clearer picture of the various heterogeneous peoples who came together over time to form the Jewish people of today.[12]
1500: The button lock was the first improvement on the match lock, and the first "trigger."[13]
Image:Wormsjews.jpg
Jews from Worms, Germany wear the mandatory yellow badge. A money bag and garlic in the hads are an antisemitic stereotype (sixteenn centery Drawing.)
1500: Under pressure from Germany, Emperor Maximillian I creates an imperial council and court of justice for administering the Holy Roman Empire.[14]
Sixteenth-century: Composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Shlomo HaLevi Alkabetz, L’cha Doe-dee is a joyous “Greeting the Shabbat” song and poem. It emphasizes remembering God and His creation on the Shabbat, the anticipation of Messiah’s coming, and Israel’s final redemption.
• Come my beloved to welcome the bride, the presence of Shabbat we receive.
• “Observe and Remember” in one divine utterance, we heard from the One and Only God, the Lord is One and His name One, for renown, for splendor, and for prais. Come my beloved…
– Shake off the dust, arise! Dress in garments of glory my people, through the son of Jesse, the Bethlehemite, redemption draws near to my soul. Come my beloved…
– Wake up, wake up! For your light has come, awaken, awaken, sing a song, for the glory of the Lord is revealed to you! Come my beloved… [15]
•
Sixteenth-century: Sixteenth-century Europe was the respublica christeniana- the universal world of Christendom-dominated by the unyielding sword of the monarchies and under the thumb of a dogmatic papcy. Jews did not fare well. The pope initiated the Roman Inquisition, which was imposed throughout Italy and southern France. [16]
1500: Famous English morality play “Everyman” appears about this time. Morality plays taught Christian principles of ethics to the common man.[17]
1500s:The Damascus barrel developed in the Near East.[18]
1500: Indians in Florida area produce beautiful wood carvings.[19]
1500: Indians of Mississippi region attain an artistic peak. An existing diorite bowl shaped as a crested duck shows their achievement.[20]
1500: Gaspar Corte Real, Portugal navigator, sails along the east coast of North America.[21]
1500: The Spanish brought horses to America about 1500.[22]
null
Credit: The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
The Voynich Manuscript
The Voynich manuscript just might be the most unreadable book in the world. The 500-year-old relic was disocvered in 1912 at a library in Rome and consists of 240 pages of illustrations and writing in a language not known to anyone. Deciphering the text has eluded even the best cryptographers, leading some to dismiss the book as an entertaining but lengthy hoax. But a statistical analysis of the writing shows that the manuscript does seem to follow the basic structure and laws of a working language.[23]
1500-1530: Ancient 'New York City' of Canada Discovered
LiveScience.comBy Owen Jarus, LiveScience Contributor | LiveScience.com – 2 hrs 42 mins ago
•A model of a longhouse at the Royal Ontario Museum.View Gallery
•A tantalizing glimpse at the faces of the people of the Mantle site.
A tantalizing glimpse at the faces …
A woodpecker pipe effigy, about …
A model of a longhouse at the Royal …
•An X-ray of the iron artifact revealed a maker's mark stamped on it. Research reveals that 16th century Basque artifacts, from a province in northern Spain, have the same mark.
Today New York City is the Big Apple of the Northeast but new research reveals that 500 years ago, at a time when Europeans were just beginning to visit the New World, a settlement on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in Canada, was the biggest, most complex, cosmopolitan place in the region.
Occupied between roughly A.D. 1500 and 1530, the so-called Mantle site was settled by the Wendat (Huron). Excavations at the site, between 2003 and 2005, have uncovered its 98 longhouses, a palisade of three rows (a fence made of heavy wooden stakes and used for defense) and about 200,000 artifacts. Dozens of examples of art have been unearthed showing haunting human faces and depictions of animals, with analysis ongoing.
Now, a scholarly book detailing the discoveries is being prepared and a documentary about the site called "Curse of the Axe" aired this week on the History Channel in Canada.
"This is an Indiana Jones moment, this is huge," said Ron Williamson, an archaeologist who led dig efforts at the site, in the documentary shown in a premiere at the Royal Ontario Museum. "It just seems to be a game-changer in every way." [See Photos of the Mantle Site Artifacts]
Williamson is the founder of Archaeological Services Inc., a Canadian cultural resource management firm that excavated the site.
"It's the largest, most complex, cosmopolitan village of its time," said Williamson, also of the University of Toronto, in an interview with LiveScience. "All of the archaeologists, basically, when they see Mantle, they're just utterly stunned."
The Mantle people
Scientists estimate between 1,500 and 1,800 individuals inhabited the site, whose fields encompassed a Manhattan-size area. To clothe themselves they would have needed 7,000 deer hides annually, something that would have required hunting about 26 miles (40 km) in every direction from the site, Williamson said.
"When you think about a site like Mantle, 2,000 people, massive stockade around a community, a better analogy is that of a medieval town," Jennifer Birch, a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Georgia, said in the documentary. "While the cultures are very different, the societal form really isn't."
Despite its massive size, the site remained hidden for hundreds of years, likely escaping detection because its longhouses were primarily made of wood, which doesn't preserve well.
Not all of the 98 longhouses were in use at the same time, with more recent ones having been built on top of the older longhouses, as buildings are today. At one point 55 longhouses were in use at once.
Charred wood found in one of the post moulds suggested that when one of the longhouses burnt down the rest of the settlement was saved. Williamson said that this is remarkable considering the longhouses were made of wood, which was very flammable, and close together. "Somehow their 'fire department' did that." [Photos: The Life and Death of Ancient Urbanites]
Enemies become friends
Another curious discovery at Mantle is its apparently cosmopolitan nature. The art and pottery at the site show influences from all five nations of the Iroquois to the south in New York State, suggesting extensive contacts and trade.
For instance, among Mantle's discoveries are the earliest European goods ever found in the Great Lakes region of North America, predating the arrival of the first known European explorers by a century. They consist of two European copper beads and a wrought iron object, believed to be part of an ax, which was carefully buried near the center of the settlement.
A maker's mark on the wrought iron object was traced to northern Spain, and the fact that it was made of wrought iron suggests a 16th-century origin. In fact, in the early 16th century Basque fisherman and whalers sailed to the waters off Newfoundland and Labrador. It's believed that it would have been acquired by the aboriginal people there and exchanged up the St. Lawrence River until eventually reaching Mantle.
The people of Mantle, it seems, were on trading relations with the Iroquois of the St. Lawrence.
"Historically, we know that the Huron and the Iroquois were not only at odds, they were mortal enemies," Williamson said in the documentary.
In the period before Mantle there is evidence of widespread warfare throughout southern Ontario and New York as well as parts of Michigan and Quebec, a period known as "the dark times." Human remains from that period show evidence of scalping and torture.
Mantle, with its large size and palisade defense, may have discouraged this type of warfare, making an attack risky. Other settlements in southwest Ontario were getting larger and sites in New York were clustering together, suggesting that they too were becoming harder to attack.
Birch compares the situation at Mantle and other sites to what happened after World War II, with the formation of the United Nations and NATO, institutions that discouraged warfare, allowing for trade and cultural interaction.
Williamson noted that, sadly, with the arrival of Europeans, this peace did not last, with warfare intensifying in the 17th century. "When Europeans arrive the whole thing is re-fired over economic reasons related to the fur trade," he said in the interview.
Mantle today
Today, seven years after excavations wrapped up, only a small portion of the site remains as houses were built on top of it after the dig was complete. "We did not have the planning legislation in place to preserve these sites like we do today," Williamson told LiveScience. "If the site were found today there would be far more exploration of options to preserve it."
However, while the site is mostly built over, the modern-day town where Mantle was discovered — Whitchurch-Stouffville — is commemorating the Wendat's history in the community. The town recently opened Wendat Village Public School and the mayor will display the Huron Wendat flag in his office.[24]
November 28, 1608: **. John Smythe5 [Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. 1556 / d. November 29, 1608) married Elizabeth Fineaux.
A. Children of John Smythe and Elizabeth Fineaux:
. i. Elizabeth Smythe
+ . ii. Thomas Smythe (b. 1599 / d. 1635)
. iii. Catherine Smythe (d. 1629)
More about Elizabeth Smythe
Elizabeth married Sir Henry Neville.
More about Catherine Smythe:
Catherine also married Sir Henry Neville.[25]
November 29, 1623: Governor William Bradford's Thanksgiving Proclamation
Inasmuch as the great Father has given us this year an abundant harvest of Indian corn, wheat, peas, beans, squashes, and garden vegetables, and has made the forests to abound with game and the sea with fish and clams, and inasmuch as he has protected us from the ravages of the savages, has spared us from pestilence and disease, has granted us freedom to worship God according to the dictates of our own conscience.
Now I, your magistrate, do proclaim that all ye Pilgrims, with your wives and ye little ones, do gather at ye meeting house, on ye hill, between the hours of 9 and 12 in the day time, on Thursday, November 29th, of the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred and twenty-three and the third year since ye Pilgrims landed on ye Pilgrim Rock, there to listen to ye pastor and render thanksgiving to ye Almighty God for all His blessings. [26]
--William Bradford
Ye Governor of Ye Colony
1624: Ghetto established in Ferrara, Italy.[27]
1624: According to Samaritan sources a civil War broke out between the Sons of Itamar {Eli (Bible)} and the Sons of Phineas - which resulted in the division of those who followed Eli and those who followed High Priest Uzzi ben Bukki at Mount Gerizim Bethel {A third group followed neither}. Likewise according to Samaritan sources the high Priests line of the sons of Phineas died out in 1624 A.D. with the death of the 112th High Priest Shlomyah ben Pinhas when the priesthood was transferred to the sons of Itamar; see article Samaritan for list of High Priests from 1613 to 2004-the 131st High priest of the Samaritans is Elazar ben Tsedaka ben Yitzhaq
November 29, 1745
The French burn an English settlement at Saratoga, New York, during the French and Indian War.[28]
1746: John Vance (1st coiusin 7x removed) was born in 1746 in Frederick Co. Va. To Alexander Vance Sr. b. 1725, and Jane "Martin" Vance b. 1726. John Vance later married Nancy Bradley b. 1756, they were married in 1773.[29]
1746: In Werneck, there were three Jewish families.[30]
November 29, 1760
Detroit falls to the English, during the French and Indian War.[31]
November 29, 1770:. Came to my Brothers (distant about 25 miles) to Dinner.
November 29th, 1770:—Set out early, and reached my brother’s by one o’clock. Dr. Craik, having business at Winchester, went that way, and was to meet me at Snicker’s the next morning by ten o’clock.[32]
(George Washington is the grandnephew of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed.)
November 29, 1771. Went to the Vestry at Pohick Church[33] & reachd home in the Evening. Found Mr. Johnson here.[34]
November 29, 1778: the prisoners began their march from the Boston area on November 9, and the HesseCassel Jaeger Corps Journal notes the Convention prisoners crossing the North River on November 29. “Upon receipt of news that the prisoners from Burgoyne’s army were to be transported from New England to Virginia, and would cross the North River at King’s Ferry, the British Grenadiers, Light Infantry, and the Mirbach Regiment marched to Tarrytown, but arrived too late; the men being transferred having crossed the North River ten hours previously. The reason these troops are being sent to Virginia is supposedly because the New Englanders refused to continue giving them provisions.”[35]
November 29, 1778:
Head Quarters Fort Lawrance November 29th 1778
Field Officer Of the Day Major Vernon The Militia have
behaved so well this two days past that they are allowed this day
to rest themselves from any Fatigue Duty and to send four Men
from each Regiment every day to hunt deer for the Benefit of their
respective Corps under the direction of Captain Prator as he was
the first who put a stop to the unmilitary practice of wasting
ammunition and firing guns wantonly those who work at or near
the Fort for the future are to lodge their Arms in the Bastions &
a Guard of a Subaltern one Serjeant one Corporal and 18 Privates
to mount there every morning for the Protection of them, the
provisions & && &
As we cannot be too Wary of the artful enemy we have to deal
with, notwithstanding their chiefs are expected to come in it is
hoped the Field Officers of the Day always see the whole line up
with their Arms in their hands an hour before day and see them
in good Order with their Accoutrements & the Rolls called at day
light. & that the Centinels & Picquets be always Vigilant & Elert
agreeable to former Orders. As the General observes by cutting
the Timber that the Lines are mostly in the Clearing whereby the
enemy have a great Advantage the Adjutant General is ordered
to Visit them often with the Field Officers of the Day and make
such Alterations as they find Necessary, &no person is to go out
or to come in hereafter without leave[36]
November 29th, 1794
“A Proclamation”
By virtue of the powers and authority in me vested by the President of the United States, and in obedience to his benign intentions, therewith communicated, I do by this, by proclamation, declare and make known to all concerned that a full, free, and entire pardon (excepting and providing as hereafter mentioned) is hereby granted to all persons residing within the counties of Washington, Allegheny, Westmoreland, and Fayette, in the State of Pennsylvania, and in the county of Ohio, in the State of Virginia, guilty of treason or misprision of treason against the United States, or otherwise directly or indirectly engaged in the wicked and unhappy tumults and disturbances lately existing in those counties, excepting nevertheless from the benefit and effect of this pardon all persons charged with the commission of offenses against the United States, and now actually in custody or held by recognizance to appear and answer for all such offenses at any judicial court or courts, excepting also all persons avoiding fair trial by abandonment of their homes, and excepting, moreover, the following person, the atrocity of whose conduct renders it proper to mark them by mane, for the purpose of subjecting them with all possible certainty to the regular course of judicial proceedings, and whom all officers, civil and military, are required to endeavor to apprehend and bring to ustice , to wit: [Here follows the list of excepted persons, given below.]
Provided, that no person who shall hereafter willfully obstruct the execution of anuy of the laws of the United States, or be in anyway aiding or abetting therein, shall be entitled to any benefit or advantage therein, shall be entitled to any benefit or advantage of the pardon hereinbefore granted: and provided, also, that nothing herein contained shall extend or also, that nothing herein contained shall extend or be construed to extend the the remission or mitigation of an forfeiture of any penalty incurred by reason of infractions of , or obstructions to, the laws of the United States ofr collecting a revinue upon distilled spirits and stills.
Given under my hand, at Head Quarters in Elizabeht Town, this twenty ninth day of November, 1794.
By order of the commander in chief.
G. K. Taylor, Aid-de-Camp.
The names of the persons excepted by the terms of this proclamation were
(State of Pennsylvania)
Benjamin Parkinson,
Arthur Gardner,
John Holcroft,
Daniel Hamilton,
Thomas Lapsley,
William Miller,
Edward Coook,
Edward Wright,
Richard Holcroft,
David Bradford,
John Mitchell,
Alexander Fulton,
Thomas Spiers,
William Bradford,
George Parker,
William Hanna,
Edward Magner, Jr.,
Thomas Hughes,
David Lock,
Ebenezer Gallagher,
Peter Lyle,
John Shields,
William Hay,
William McIlhenny,
Thomas Patton,
Stephenson Jack,
Patrick Jack,
Andrew Highlands,
(Ohio County, Va.)
William Sutherland,
Robert Stephenson,
William McKinley,
John Moore.
John McCormick.
(Not confirmed as to who or if these are relatives and to what this matter is about.)
With reference to the cases of those who were made prisoners by the cavalry, as well as of many proscribed but not capturd, formal investigations were made under the direction of Judge Peters, in the course of which it was made apparent that information had been made against many who had really been guilty of no offense against the government.
Many of those arrested were taken to Pittsburgh. Some were released through the interposition of influential friends,m while others less fortunate were sent to Philadelphia, where they were imprisoned for some months.
Of those who were arrested while the army was in this region, one, and only one, was of Fayete County. This was Caleb Mounts. He was taken East with the forces of the right wing, but it was afterwards found that he was innocent, having been in Kentuchky at the time when the riotous proceedings occurred. In regard to the taking of this personk Findley says, “Isaac Meason, a judge of Fayette County, followed judge Peters near forty miles into Bedford County, and offered himself and Judge Wells, of Bedford, both of them acknowledged friends of the government, as bail for the prisoner, but was absolutely refused. As Mr. Meason knew that the prisoner was guilty of no crime, which evidently appeared to be the case by no bill being found against him on his trial, he and Mr. Wells complain of the judge for not admitting him to bail on their application. Judge Peters being well known to be a man of feeling and humanity, his conduct in this and several other instances can only be accounted for from his apprehension that it was necessary that a considerable number of prisoners should be brought down in order to prevent the inflammatory part of the army from committing outrages at leaving the country.” This last remark of Findley seems too clearly absurd to require contradiction. Only two prisoners were taken by the army in Westomerland County. One of these was afterwards discharged for the reason that no bill was found against him. The other, a very ignorant man of most viloent temper, and said to be subject to fits of temporary insanity, was found guilty of setting fire to the house of the Fayette County collector, Benjamin Wells, and was sentenced to death, but was reprieved, and finally pardoned by the President of the United States. The principal witness against this man on his trial was said to have been a chief leader of the rioters who attacked Well’ house, but one of those included in the pardon of the commander in chief.
In August, 1795, general pardons to those who had been implicated in the insurrection and who had not subsepuently been indicted or convicted were proclaimed by President Washington and Governor Mifflin, in pursuance of the agreement made in the previous year at Pittsburgh by the United States and Pennsylvania commissioners./[37]
November 29, 1796: Military Warrant no. 21, no. 2680. John Crawford (heir).(5th great grand uncle) On lower side of Darb’s Creek, 955 acres. September 30, 1796-November 29, 1796. No. On line of survey no. 2679. Surveyed by Lucas Sullvant, D. S., John Ellison, Robert Dixson C.C., John Florence.[38]
November 29, 1823: Member of the South Carolina legislature endorsed John C. Calhoun for president. [39]
November 29, 1845: Susan M. Winans, (sister in law of the 2nd great grandfather)born November 29, 1845, married O. D. Heald, and live in Cedar Co.,[40]
November 29, 1845: SUSAN MARIA WINANS b November 29, 1845 near Sidney, Ohio d November 5, 1926 at Altadena, Calif, (or Pasadena) md June 28, 1866 Oliver D. Heald b September 13, 1839 near Salem, Ohio d April 12, 1925 at Altadena, Calif, buried in the Mt. View Cemetery in Gardena, Calif, and he was the son of John and Eliza Ann (McClun) Heald. They had the following children:
1.Hermerice Blanch Heald b July 19, 1867 in Cedar Co., Ia. md _?_ Russell and they had a dau Fay Russell who md _?_ Espe and they had a dau, Joy Espe.
2.Della Maud Heald b December 25, 1868 at Springville, Ia.
3.Oliver Claude Heald b November 5, 1870 at Springville, Ia.
4.Harry Grant Heald b November 4, 1872 at Springville, Ia.
5.Frank Clyde Heald b August 10, 1876 in Cedar Co., Ia.
6.Otis Winans Heald b December 20, 1877 at West Branch, Cedar, Ia.
7.Mabel Cynthia Heald b January 2, 1879 at Rochester, Ia.
8.Earnest E. Heald b March 5, 1881 d before May 19, 1898.
9. Nettie Pearl Heald b July 16, 1886 at Kingsley, Plymouth, Ia. md Roy H. Harold. [41]
Tues. November 29, 1864:
Nothing of importance today
William Harrison Goodlove (2nd great grandfather) Civil War Diary
November 29, 1866: J. Darius Smith12(5th cousin 6x removed) [Gabriel D. Smith11 , Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. January 28, 1841 in Carroll Co. GA / d. unk) married Emily Caroline Michael (b. abt. 1847 in GA) on November 29, 1866 in Carroll Co. GA.
A. Children of J. Smith and Emily Michael:
. i. Perens W. Smith (b. July 29, 1868 in GA / d. August 10, 1937)
More about Perens Smith:
Perens married Joseph Enoch Smith (b. April 20, 1867 / d. March 16, 1939)[42]
November 29, 1880: Johann Gottlieb, born November 29,1880 in Gro?. Meseritsch. Resided Hamburg. Deportation: from Hamburg, November 8, 1941, Minsk. Killed at Tuchinka? [43]
November 29, 1893: Ela Gottleinova born November 29, 1893: AAa- August 4, 1942 Maly Trostinec, Transport AAu – Praha, Terezin 27. cervence 1942
933hynulych
934 67 osvobozenych[44]
November 29, 1905: Anna Catharina GUTLEBEN was born on May 30, 1880 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace.
Anna married Ferdinand MEIERJURGEN on November 29, 1905 in NE. Ferdinand was born about 1880.[45]
November 29, 1935: Tolbert Tipton “Tip” Stephenson.(half 3rd cousin 5x removed) Born on January 19, 1855 in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri. Tolbert Tipton “Tip” died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on November 29, 1935; he was 80. [46]
November 29, 1941: The Union Generale des Israelites de France (Union of French Jews), the organization of French Jewry is formed.[47]
November 29, 1941
German tank forces commanded by General Reinhardt reach the Moscow-Volga Canal.[48]
November 29, 1941: Flora Gottlieb, born December 15, 1883 in Brunn. Resided Nurnberg. Deportation: from Nurnberg, November 29, 1941, Riga. missing[49]
November 29, 1941: David Gottlieb, September 23, 1884 in Mizum. Resided Breslau. Deportation: from Breslau, November 25, 1941 to Kowno. Todesdaten: November 29, 1941.[50]
November 29, 1941: Marta Gottlieb, born Hajek, May 14, 1887 in Freiwaldau-Grafenberg. Resided Breslau. Deportation: from Breslau, November 25, 1941, Kowno. Date of death: November 29, 1941, Kowno.[51]
November 29, 1947: The United Nations voted for Israel to be a state (November 29, 1947).[52] TNSCOP) to the region to investigate. UNSCOP found two people groups, Arabs and Jews, both claiming all the country. To satisfy the national aspirations of both peoples, UNSCOP proposed termination of the British Mandate and a partition of the area into an Arab statre and a Jewish stae based on population concentrations. Jerusalem would be an international zone. The Jewish state was already in de facto existence in all areas. So eager for independence, the Jews of Palestine were ready to accept a compromise, partition. The Arabs boycotted the UNSCOP plan. World opinion strongly favored the UN resolution, and it was adopted by a vote of 33-13, with 10 abstentions, on November 29, 1947.[53]
November 29, 1948: Sarah Ella Clementine King (wife of the 7th cousin 4x removed)(b. April 17, 1876 in GA / d. November 29, 1948 in AL).[54]
November 29, 1963:
The Warren Commission was established by Lyndon Johnson on November 29, 1963, to investigate the assassination of JFK. Among the members were Gerald Ford, a Congressman who would later become President of the United States, and John J. McCloy, a lawyer, banker, former Assistant Secretary of War in World War II, and former President of the World Bank. McCloy was chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank from 1953 to 1960, was chairman of the Ford Foundation from 1958 to 1965, and was a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1946 to 1949, and again between 1953 and 1958. From 1954 until 1970, McCloy was Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, where he was succeeded by David Rockefeller, a close associate from Chase Manhattan.
Another notable member of the Warren Commission was none other than Allen Dulles, the former CIA Director whom Kennedy had fired. An interesting fact to note is regarding Dulles’ Deputy Director of the CIA whom Kennedy also fired, Charles Cabell, who was also an Air Force General. Cabell’s brother, Earle Cabell, happened to be mayor of Dallas at the time of Kennedy’s assassination. Allen Dulles was the “Warren Commission’s most active member,” and was adamant in his “unwillingness to let the Commission’s investigation get into a most pertinent project, the CIA-Mafia plots against Castro.”[65]
The Warren Commission was responsible for producing the idea of the “magic bullet theory,” which postulated that three bullets fired from Lee Harvey Oswald at the Texas School Book Depository resulted in the murder of Kennedy. The ‘lone gunman’ and ‘single bullet theory’ were sold to the American people and not subjected to criticism by the mainstream media.
Peter Dale Scott differentiated between the notion of a ‘secret government’ – with the institutional structure of something like a government – and ‘deep politics’ – being, rather, the methods of deception, itself. Thus, it is not within a state structure that the assassination was conducted, but rather it was in the functions of an intricate network that transcends government and industry. Scott explained that, “the President was murdered by a coalition of forces inside and outside government,” and that, “In short, Kennedy was killed by the deep political system.”[66]
As a result of the death of JFK, the National Security State “secret government” – or the ‘deep political’ system, as it is more accurately described, got exactly what it wanted with the escalation of the Vietnam War. The military-industrial complex that President Eisenhower warned the American people about two years prior, had turned the apparatus of the “secret government” in on the president, himself. It was a political lynching on a grand scale. And it was not to be the last. [55][56]
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[1] http://www.franciscan-archive.org/patriarcha/opera/regula-e.html
[2] mike@abcomputers.com
[3] http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/werneck_synagoge.htm
[4] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[5] Wikipedia
[6] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[7] http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/ice_ages.html
[8] http://www.theatlanticwire.com/technology/2012/07/2000-years-climate-change-graphed-being-overweight-isnt-unhealthy/54347/
[9] http://listverse.com/2009/01/18/top-10-worst-plagues-in-history/
[10]M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888
[11] The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes, page 186
[12]
[13] htthttp://www.jogg.info/11/coffman.htmp://www.talonsite.com/tlineframe.htm
[14]Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.
[15] Messianic Shabbat Siddur A Messianic Prayer Book for use in Sabbath Service and at Home. Compiled by Jeremiah Greenberg, page 4.
[16] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, page 208.
[17] Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.
[18] http://www.talonsite.com/tlineframe.htm
[19] Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.
[20] Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.
[21] Timetables of American History, Laurence Urdang.
[22] The Field Museum.
[23] http://www.livescience.com/11361-history-overlooked-mysteries.html
[24] http://news.yahoo.com/ancient-york-city-canada-discovered-141209740.html
[25] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[26] http://holydays.tripod.com/brad.htm
[27] www.wikipedia.org
[28] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[29] http://timothyv.tripod.com/index-338.html
[30] http://www.microsofttranslator.com/bv.aspx?from=de&to=en&a=http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/werneck_synagoge.htm
[31] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[32] George Washington Journal
[33] The Truro Parish vestry today set the parish levy for the year—70 pounds of tobacco per tithable—and appointed various parish officials (Truro Vestry Book, 150—52, Library of Congress). Dr. John Johnson was continuing to treat Patsy Custis for her epilepsy. Although Patsy still had not improved in any way under his care, the Washingtons continued to consult him about her health for several more months (Johnson to Martha Washington, 21 Mar. 1772, Hamilton, Letters to Washington, 4:119, n.2).
[34] George Washington Diaries, An Abridgement, Dorothy Twohig, Ed. 1999
[35] Enemy Views, Bruce Burgoyne pgs 254-255
[36] AN ORDERLY BOOK OF MCINTOSH's EXPEDITION, 1778 11Robert McCready's Journal
[37] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania by Franklin Ellis, 1882.
[38] From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969 p. 183.
[39] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824
[40] Brown Township, p 735 is in History of Linn County, Iowa, published 1878 by Western Historical Company, Chicago. IL.
[41] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[42] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[43] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1768.
[44] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy
[45] Descendents of Elias Gutleben, Alice Email, May 2010.
[46] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[47] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1769
[48]On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[49] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[2] Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).
[50] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[51] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[52] 365 Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land by Clarence H. Wagner Jr.
[53] 365 Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land by Clarence H. Wagner Jr.
[54] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[55] Andrew Gavin Marshall is a Research Associate with the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG). He is co-editor, with Michel Chossudovsky, of the recent book, “The Global Economic Crisis: The Great Depression of the XXI Century,” available to order at Globalresearch.ca. He is currently writing a book on ‘Global Government’ due to be released in 2011 by Global Research Publishers.
[56] http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-national-security-state-and-the-assassination-of-jfk/22071
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