This Day in Goodlove History, April 4

• This Day in Goodlove History, April 4

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com

•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

•

• The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.



“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.

•

• My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

•

A point of clarification. If anybody wants to get to the Torah site, they do not have to go thru Temple Judah. They can use http://DownhomeDavarTorah.blogspot.com and that will take them right to it.



The Goodlove Reunion 2011 will be held Sunday, June 12 at Horseshoe Falls Lodge at Pinicon Ridge Park, Central City, Iowa. This is the same lodge we used for the previous reunions. Contact Linda at pedersen37@mchsi.com

Birthdays on this date; Jacob Truax, Andries B. Truax, Abraham J. Sr. , Alice L. Simson, David Reinhart, George H. Nielson, Ronald LeClere, Nova M. Elder, Matilda Darst/Dorst, Catherine Bishop, Lois E. Bateman, Tammy S. Andrews.

Weddings on this date; Lena B. Craig and Ceicil C. Williams, Cora A. Goodlove and Thomas Wilkinson, Ann C. Britain and A. H. Mauncy.

I Get Email!



In a message dated 3/24/2011 9:36:58 A.M. Central Daylight Time, Bookkeeping@gl-iowa.org writes:

Subject: William Harrison and Conrad Goodlove

Good morning Jeffery;

With help I went back to day one of Plumb Lodge No 284 and found no listing for William or Conrad. I’m sorry we couldn’t help.

Karen L Davies

Administrative Assistant



Karen, Thank you for all of your help. Jeff Goodlove



This Day…

Thursday April 4/Nisan 14, 30 A.D.

Crucifixion 9 A.M.

Death at 3 PM.

Passover meal after sunset.[1]

April 4, 397: Aurelius Ambrosius, (Saint Ambrose) a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the fourth century passed away. He lived during a period when the Christian Church was still trying to establish its identity. He was no stranger to Jews as we can see from the following three examples. In “De Abrahamo” Ambrose warned Christians against intermarrying with Jews. His strong opposition can be seen in the following conflict he had with the Roman Emperor, Theodosius over the rebuilding of synagogue. “It appears that in 388 a mob, led by the local bishop and many monks, destroyed the synagogue at Callinicum. The emperor Theodosius the Great ordered the rebuilding of the synagogue at the expense of the rioters, including the bishop. Ambrose immediately issued a fiery protest to the emperor. He wrote to Theodosius that "the glory of God" is concerned in this matter, and that therefore he cannot be silent. "Shall the bishop be compelled to re-erect a synagogue? Can he religiously do this thing? If he obey the emperor, he will become a traitor to his faith; if he disobey him, a martyr. What real wrong is there, after all, in destroying a synagogue, a 'home of perfidy, a home of impiety,' in which Christ is daily blasphemed? Indeed, he must consider himself no less guilty than this poor bishop; at least to the extent that he made no concealment of his wish that all synagogues should be destroyed, that no such places of blasphemy be further allowed to exist." At the end, he succeeded in obtaining from Theodosius a promise that the sentence should be completely revoked, with the very natural consequence that thereafter the prospect of immunity thus afforded occasioned spoliations of synagogues all over the empire. That Ambrose could nevertheless occasionally say a good word for the Jews is shown by a passage in his "Enarratio in Psalmos" in which he remarks, "Some Jews exhibit purity of life and much diligence and love of study."[2]

Abt. 400 AD

The Hopewells and the Adena cultures appear to have coexisted for about 800 years until about 400 AD. Some accounts claim the Adena Culture continuedperhaps 100 years or more after the Hopewells mysteriously vanished, but by the end of the sixth century, both cultures had disappeared, leaving behind only tantalizing remnatnts of their tenure buried in the amazing mounds they had created. [3]

404

Abaye and Rabah-Amoraim of the Babylonian Talmud.[4]

405 A.D.

Jerome (Eusebius Hieronymus) (c.345-419) translates the Latin Vulgate from Hebrew and Greek originals. His guiding practice in general was that in practice that a good translation should express the meaning, not necessarily the actual words, of the original. Jerome’s method of translation hades substantially influenced future translators of Scripture.He did not strive for literary excellence. What mattered most was the content, not the literary form. Until the seventh centrurey, the Roman Church used both the Old-Latin version and Jerome’s. But by gradual process Jerome’s version emerged as the standard text. Jerome called his work Translatio Nova, the New Translation, but by the thirteenth century it became known as the “Vulgate”.[5]

405 A.D.: St. Patrick was among thousands taken by boat back to Ireland from Britain by raiders.[6]

408 A.D. Alerec stood on the doorsteps of Rome looking for power, plunder, and food. Alerec’s men surrounded Rome and took over their supply lines and blocked all shipments of grain coming into the city. Gradually Rome began to die from within.[7]

April 4, 1081: Alexios I Komnenos is crowned Byzantine emperor at Constantinople, beginning the Komnenian dynasty. Most Byzantine Emperors of this period “expressed little interest in combating…religious pluralism. Alexios was the exception to the rule. He took “an unusual interest in presenting himself as a defender” of the dominant Christian Orthodox faith. During his reign, St. Nikon agreed to go to Sparta if the Jews were expelled from the community. The town was enduring a wave of unusual illness and Nikon said that cause was the contaminating effect of “abominable” Jewish customs and the polluting effect of their worship.[8]

1081: In 1081 the throne at Constantinople was taken over by a young general, Alexius Comnenus, who was to reign for thirty seven years and to prove the greatest statesman of his time. [9]

1081: The state of the Empire in 1081 was such that only a man of great courage or great stupidity would have undertaken its government. The treasury was empty. Recent Emperors had been spendthrift. The loss of Anatolia and rebellions in Europe had seriously diminished the revenue. The old system of tax collection had broken down. [10]

1085: It was only in 1085, when Robert Guiscard died and Bohemond hurried back to Italy to fight with his brothers over the inheritance, that Alexius was able to reestablish his authority over his European provinces. Soon afterwards he had to meet a serious invasion by Petcheneg barbarians from over the Danube;; but by 1091 he was securely in control of the Balkans.[11]

1085: In 1085 Alexious Comnenus recovered the Bithynian coastline of the Sea of Marmora.[12]

1086: In 1086 Sultan Suleiman was killed fighting against his cousin Tutush for the control of Aleppo. For the next five yeatrs Turkish princes fought for the inheritance until Suleiman’s son, Kilij Arslan I, established himself in Nicaea; but he was in no position now to threaten Constantinople. More dangerous was the Emir Chaka of Smyrna who, with the help of Greek sailors, was spreading his dominion along the Aegean coast and over the islands of Lesbos, Shios, Samos and Rhodes. [13]

1086: Meanwhile the pilgrim traffic from the West was almost at a standstill.
Count Robert I of Flanders managed to make his way to Jerusalem in 1086, with the help of large armed escort. He paused on the way back to spend a season fighting for the Emperor. But the few humbler pilgrims who succeeded in overcoming all the difficulties returned to their homes weary and impoverished, with a doleful tale to tell. [14]

April 4, 1285: Philip the Fair, King of France, began his policy of using Jews solely for his financial benefit. He was called the Fair because of his complexion, not his behavior. The Jews were caught up in the conflict called the Albigensians Heresy, a conflict within the Catholic Church. Philip was always looking for ways to enrich himself. Ultimately he expelled the Jews from his kingdom, abrogating the debts he owed them and confiscating all personal and communal property.[15]

April 4, 1660: King Charles II of England publishes the terms under which he will return to the throne in a document known as the Declaration of Breda. The restoration under Charles II bodes well for the Jews of England since it was Charles II who was the first to declare that the Jewish community could remain in England without suffering harassment.[16]

April 4, 1746: Joseph Howard Sr. is reported to have had four children: Margaret born April 4, 1746, Joseph Jr. born March 13, 1749, Magery born March 17, 1752/3, and Benjamin born August 26, 1761.[17]

Joseph Howard Jr. is himself listed on Page 9 in the 1776 Census. Margery married Henry Hll on December 27, 1774 and they are listed on Page 4 of the 1776 Census. Joseph Howard Sr.s wife Margaret Williams died about 1762 shortly after the birth of their youngest son Benjamin. Based on the foregoing the 1776 Census should only show three individuals for Joseph Howard Sr. (Joseph Sr., Benjamin, and Margaret) instead of the five that are listed. No data can be found which explain these additional persons in the 1776 Census for Joseph Howard Sr. Could the additional male and female listings be Eleanor and her half-brother Daniel (who married in Anne Arundel County in 1777? [2][18]



April 4, 1771: Reached Winchester to Dinner according to Appointment with the Officers &ca. claim. part of the 200,000 Acs. of Land.[19]

April 4, 1775: The Pennsylvania Mercury becomes the first newspaper to be set in type manufactured in America.[20]

April 4, 1794

The survey for George Hogg was made March 3, 1837, locating a warrant of April 4, 1794, granted to Isaac Meason. The tract was located on the waters of Mount’s Creek, “and had on it a furnace, gone to decay, old houses, sixty acres cleared, a few families residing thereon, and appear to have been settled about forty years ago.[21]

April 4, 1818: Congress limits the number of stripes on the American flag to thirteen, providing that a new star be added for each new state.[22]

April 4, 1841: William Henry Harrison, ninth President of the United States, dies after only 31 days in office of pneumonia, at Washington.[23]

April 4, 1841: William Henry Harrison (1773-1841), America’s ninth president, served just one month in office before dying of pneumonia. His tenure, from March 4, 1841, to April 4, 1841, is the shortest of any U.S. president. Harrison, who was born into a prominent Virginia family, joined the Army as a young man and fought American Indians on the U.S. frontier. He then became the first congressional delegate from the Northwest Territory, a region encompassing much of the present-day Midwest. In the early 1800s, Harrison served as governor of the Indiana Territory and worked to open American Indian lands to white settlers. He became a war hero after fighting Indian forces at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Harrison went on to serve as a U.S. congressman and senator from Ohio. He was elected to the White House in 1840, but passed away a month after his inauguration, the first U.S. president to die in office.[24]



Mon. April 4, 1864: William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove

Went all over town with D Winan[25]

A lake or bayo of salt water here the land is a little rolling clay and sand

Received 3 papers and 2 letters in them from home. Saw gen. Banks[26]

[27]

April 4, 1865: President Lincoln is cheered as he enters Richmond, Virginia, evacuated the day before by the Confederate Government.[28]



• Anna Gottlieb, born April 4, 1877 in Eisenach, resided Leipzig. Death date: September 7, 1942, Leipzig, Suicide. [29]



April 4, 1904:

August 21, 1942, Convoy 22: In this convoy of 1,000 Jews there were listed 510 French (the children); 280 Poles; 35 Russians; 11 Romanians; 9 Turks; 8 Germans; 6 Czechs; 6 Belgians; 9 staeless; and 78 undetermined. The women outnumbered the men by about 100.

Hawa Gotlib, born April 4, 1904 from Lodz, Poland was on Convoy 22. [30]

There were 275 girls and 269 boys all under 15. The breakdown by age is:

Age/Number of Children: 2/11* 3/21 4/23 5/21 6/26/ 7/47 8/45 8/45 9/50 10/72 11/70 12/77 13/51 14/18

*Born in 1940

Many adolescents had been deported in the preceding convoys (number 10/17). In this convoy there were 60 youths between the ages 15 and 21.

The list is in very poor condition. As with the preceding one, it had to be deciphered with a magnifying glass. It is not in alphabetical order. It comprises eight sublists.

1. Drancy 123 names.

2. Pontarlier, 52 names. On this sublist were individuals residing in Belgium or Holland who had taken refuge in France, and whgo were of Polish or undetermined nationality or stateless. There were also several families, such as the Rodriguez family from Amsterdam.

3. Beaune-la-Rolande, 595 names.



Car 2. 52 children. Birthplace is not indicated.

Car 3. 90 children and 7 adults. [31]

Car 5, 55 children and 1 adult.

Car 7, 7 children, adolescent boys.

Car 8, 67 children and 18 adults.

Car 9, 46 children and 10 adults

Car 10, 42 children and 10 adults.

Car 12, 98 childrena and 2 men, who were fathers with their children.

Car 13, 98 children and 1 adult.

Car 14, 9 Children and adults.

Car 17 6 children and adults.[32]

The following, page 192 was apparently not copied.



April 4, 1907: Cora Alice Goodlove (November 1, 1876-December 14, 1960) mar­riedThomas Wilkinson, April 4, 1907, at the home of the bride’s parents. Thomas died February 1968. Both are buried at Jordan’s Grove. They had three daughters, Nelevene Illini, Kathryn, Dor­othy, and one son, Thomas E. "Wendell", who farmed south of Springville for several years. [33]

April 4, 1907: “Goodlove-Wilkinson.

The home of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. H. Goodlove, four miles southwest of Central City, was the scene of a pretty wedding Thursday evening, April 4 [1907] when their daughter, Cora Alice, became the bride of Thomas Wilkinson Jr.

The ceremony was performed by the bride’s pastor, Rev. J. P. Van Horn, of Marion. There were thirty-five guests present, nearly all being relatives. Following the ceremony a bountiful supper was served, and after the festivities of the evening, which included an old-fashioned chaviari, the bride and groom went to their new home near Jordon’s [Jordan’s] Grove church, where the will be at home to friends after April 20th.

Mr. and Mrs. Wilkinson grew up in the neighborhood where they were married, and they are held in high esteem by everyone in the community. The bride has been a successful school teacher. She was, for a time a student in Cornell College and she has also taken instruction at the Iowa State Normal School at Cedar Falls. The groom is an industrious young farmer and has already proven that he understands his chosen work.

They begin their matrimonial life among a host of old neighbors and friends, who unite in good wishes to them for long life and happiness.

There were a number of useful and beautiful wedding gifts.”

[Note: In another clipping on the same page is a listing of marriage licenses with ages. LP]

“Thomas Wilkenson [Wilkinson], Central City ….32

Cora A. Goodlove, eCntral [Central] City………..….30” [34]

April 4, 1917: The United States Senate votes to declare war on Germany.[35]

April 4, 1917: The Russian revolutionary government headed by Kerensky granted equality to all Russian Jews for the first time in Russian history. Since about 18 percent of the world's Jews were living in areas controlled by the Russian government, this decree would appear to have had a major impact on the fate of the world's Jews. Unfortunately, such was not the case. Within the year, the democratic Kerensky government was replaced by Lenin and the Bolsheviks. That regime spelled the end of real freedom for everybody although Stalin would later have some special twists of evil for the Jewish population.[36]

April 4, 1918: Ottilie was elected county superintendent by the presidents of the independent school districts and townships in the county over two other candidates by only a single vote. The presidents of all of the consolidated districts in the county voted for him, while the support for his principal opponent was primarily in the school townships, Warren Winch, president of the Union School Township board, voted for Ottilie.[37]

April 4, 1920: Arab orators in Palestine roused crowds into a fiery mob which attacked and killed Jews in three days of violent rioting that began today. At least five Jews were killed and hundreds more were injured during the Arab riots in Jerusalem. The riots were fomented to protest Jewish immigration. In a portent of the future, the British arrested the Jewish leaders, including Vladimir Jabotinsky and others for organizing a self-defense league. The origins of the Arab rioting stemmed from intra-Arab conflicts – those who favored and opposed Feisal’s rule in Palestine. Chaim Weizmann, who witnessed the riots, wrote to British Prime Minister Lloyd George that British authorities had done little to protect the Jews, a view that was supported by a later commission of investigation.[38]

• Kurt Gottlieb, born April 4,1932 in Linnich. Resided Siegberg. Deportation to Trier-Koln. July 27,1942, Theresienstadt. October 4,1944, Auschwitz. [39]

• April 4, 1933: Fred Gottlieb, April 4,1933 in Saarlautern (birth place, last place of residence not known) resided Saarlautern. Deportation: from Westerbork, May 18, 1943, Sobibor. Death date: May 21, 1943, Sobibor . [40]

• April 4, 1933: A front-page article in the German-Jewish newspaper Jüdische Rundschau exhorted Jews to wear the identifying Yellow Star with the headline, Tragt ihn mit Stolz, den Gelben Fleck! (Wear it with Pride, the Yellow Badge!). The article was one of a series written a German Jew, Robert Weltsch, all of which were based on the same theme:"Say 'yes' to our Jewishness." The original article was written in response to the to the April 1, 1933 Nazi-led boycott of Jewish shops, which was the first meaningful anti-Jewish action of the newly-empowered Nazis.[41]

• April 4, 1938: Arthur Sweetser, a director of the secretariat of the League of Nations met with President Roosevelt to discuss the fate of the Jews of Europe and proposal for a “rescue plan. According to Mr. Sweetser, during the meeting, Roosevelt took credit for this latest proposal to deal with the problem. “Then Roosevelt turned more expansive and said ‘Suddenly it struck me: why not get all the democracies to unite to share the burden? After all, they own most of the free land of the world, and there only…what would you say, 14, 16, million Jews in the whole world of whom about half are already in the United States. If we could divide up the remainder in groups of 8 or 10, there wouldn’t be any Jewish problem in three or four generations.’”[42]

•

• April 4, 1939: The Institut zur Erforschung des jüdischen Einflusses auf das deutsche kirchliche Leben (Institute for the Study of Jewish Influence on German Church Life) was founded.[43]

• April 4, 1944: An Allied spy plane flying over Poland happened to photograph Auschwitz while documenting construction of a synthetic-fuels plant providing photographic proof of the existence of the death camp.[44]

•

• April 4, 1944: German Holocaust victim Anne Frank, 14, wrote in her diary: 'I want to go on living even after my death! And therefore I am grateful to God for giving me this gift...of expressing all that is in me.'[45]

•

• April 4, 1945: The 4th Armored Division and the 89th Infantry Division liberated Ohrdruf concentration camp. It was the first Nazi concentration camp liberated by the U.S. Army. General George S. Patton, Old Blood and Guts, described it as "one of the most appalling sights that I have ever seen."[46]

April 4, 2010

• Last year… at the Kane County Flee Market!

•

•

• Jillian, Sherri, Gary, Mary, Jeff, Jacqulin, and Anna and a bushel basket of ???

•

• Sherri tries on a new hat!

•

•

• Jillian checks out the bird houses…

•

• How did we get home without this…?

•

• We found Anna!



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[1] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor. Page 199.

[2] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[3] That Dark and Bloody River by Allan W. Eckert, xviii

[4] Chain of Tradition-Kohanim through the Ages . DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004, pg 115.

[5] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 28-29.

[6] Saint Patrick: The Man, the Myth, 1997, HISTI.

[7] The Dark Ages, HISTI, 3/4/2007

[8] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[9] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 44.

[10] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 44.

[11] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 45.

[12] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 45.



[13] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 45.

[14] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 45.

[15] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[16] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[17] (FamilySearch Ancestral File v 4.19 (AFN: 1563- F73.)

[18] [2] (Maryland State Archives. Register of Queen Anne Parish, M 389, Page 97 original or Page 341 revised.) (http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html)

[19] Before GW left Greenway Court, he obtained a grant from Lord Fairfax for the unclaimed land on Dogue Run he had surveyed on 24 Mar. 1770, a total of 202 acres (Lord Fairfax’s grant to GW, 4 Mar. i 771, Northern Neck Deeds and Grants, Book I, 187). This land gave him control of most of the area around his new dams and upper millrace.

[20] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[21] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, by Franklin Ellis, 1882. pg 487.

[22] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[23] http://www.in.gov/history/markers/515.htm

[24] http://www.history.com/topics/william-henry-harrison

[25] William’s first wife was Ester J. Winans, sister of H. W. Winans, who later served with William in Company H, 24th Infantry during two years of the Civil War. (Winton Goodlove, A History of Central City Ia and the Surrounding Area, Book II 1999.)



[26] At the time, the apparent necessity of leaving the river at Grand Ecore did not particularly disturb Banks. The day after his conference with Stone and Withenbury the general wrote his wife that “the enemy retreats before us and will not fight a battle this side of Shreveport if then.”(Banks to his wife, April 4, 1864, Banks Papers.) If the Confederates would not fight, the line of advance was relatively immaterial. On the same day that he penned these optimistic lines Banks reviewed his troops at Natchitoches, (Williams, 56th Ohio, p.66) a kind of display of which he seems to have been fond. His attention was also given to organizing and replenishing the supply trains upon which the army would have to depend on its overland march. This was a matter of considerable magnitude, for the trains of Lee’s cavalry and the 13th and 19th Corps contained the astounding total of over 1000 wagons, one wagon for every sixteen men present for duty. (Com. Con. War, pp. 32, 58, 323.) Red River Campaign by Ludwell H. Johnson p. 116.

[27] General Banks, The History Channel, The U. S. Civil War Out West.

[28] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[29] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.

[30] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 195.

[31] Memorial to the Jews, Deported from France, 1942-1944, page 191.

[32] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 386-388.

[33] Winton Goodlove:A History of Central City Ia and the Surrounding Area Book ll 1999



[34] Newspaper clipping from unknown newspaper in Myrtle Goodlove’s scrapbook. Transcribed 23 December 2009 by Linda Pedersen.

April 4, 1917: The United States Senate votes to declare war on Germany.[34]

[35] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[36] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[37] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 280.

[38] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[39] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz



• [40] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.

• [2] Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).



[41] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[42] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[43] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[44] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[45] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/

[46] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/