This Day in Goodlove History, December 21
Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,and ancestors Andrew Jackson, and William Henry Harrison.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.
December 21, 26,000 years ago… The earth was aligned with the Milky Way. The earth went through cataclysmic climate changes at the end of the last ice age. [1]
26,000 years ago…
About 26,000 years ago, a sinkhole formed in Hot Springs South Dakota and filled with water from a hot spring, creating a vegetated oasis that lured many young mammoths to their death. In places, the bones have settled in the posture of the animal’s desperate struggle to get back up the slick, steep sides of the pond, a foreleg flung up, the back legs splayed out where they pawed for traction in the mud below. Altogether parts of 58 mammoths lie exposed in an area about the size of a hockey rink, sheltered beneath a roof built to protect them. Larry Agenbroad, the paleontologist who helped discover this site 35 years ago, figures at least as many remain hidden underground. This is one of the world’s largest sites that display the bones where mammoths died, and it has some of the horror and fascination of a slow motion traffic pileup.[2]
In an explanation of what happened 26,000 years ago, some of the Mammoth Site animals died at first snow, according to Agenbroad, and others during an early spring thaw. (Researchers determined the season of death with the help of trace isotopes in different tusks) The ice age winter, Agenbroad says, left mammoths with two choices: “They could sweep off three feet of snow and get last year’s grass, which is about as exciting as a bowl of cereal with no sugar, berries or milk. Or they could go for the salad bar of plants still growing around the edge of the sinkhole, just like bison in Yellowstone National Park go for the green grass around thermal pools.”
But the sides of the sinkhole sloped at least 67 degrees, Agenbroad estimates, and the stone, Spearfish Valley red shale, gets as slick as grease when wet. Only males were dumb enough to risk it, he figures, because female mammoths stayed within the shelter of the herd their entire lives, like modern elephants. But adolescent males went into exile, and did the sort of imprudent things adolescent males still do today.[3]
24k BC: An early representation of a human was carved from mammoth ivory about 26,000 years ago. It was discovered in Brno, Czechoslovakia. The tiny "Venus of Dolni Vestonici," more than 25,000 years old, is the earliest known sculpture of a human figure.
(NG, Oct. 1988, p. 440)(SFEC, 5/23/99, DB p.43)
24k BC: A multiple burial was unearthed at Dolni Vestonice, Czechoslovakia. Three skeletons whose skulls were adorned with circles of arctic fox and wolf teeth and ivory beads.
(NG, Oct. 1988, p.466)
25,500 to 23,500 B.C.E.
There are painted rock slabs in Namibia (South-West Africa) dating from between 25,500 and 23,500 B.C.E. [4]
About 25,000 years ago…
[5]
“I” Y-Chromosome Lineage
25,000 years ago
About 25,000 years ago… The I and its various subclade lineages are concentrated in Scandinavia and Croatia, with some traces in the Midedle East, its probable source. These would most likely have been common within Viking populations.[6]
[7]
25,000 years ago…
The Cave Bear, a European species died out 25,000 years ago. Males weighed 1,500 pounds, 50 percent more than the largest modern grizzlies. Cave bears had wider heads than today’s bears, and powerful shoulders and forelimbs. Prehistoric humans painted images of the animals on cave walls and carved their likenesses in fragments of mammoth tusk.[8]
25,000 years ago…
It grew colder than ever. Glaciers covered 2/3 of North America with ice up to a mile deep.[9]
23k BC: An ivory head known as the Venus of Brassenpouy named after the site of its recovery in France bears distinct facial features and coiffure. A bird bone flute of similar age is here illustrated.
(NG, Oct. 1988, p. 449)
23k BC Homo erectus survived in Indonesia to about this time.
(Arch, 1/05, p.14)
23k: BC The oldest known baked clay figurine (11 cm) is from Dolni Vestonice, now at the Moravian museum.
(NG, Oct. 1988, p. 459)
23k BC: Lake Bonneville crested and covered some 20,000 sq. miles over what is now Utah, Nevada, and Idaho.
(NH, 9/96, p.62)
23k BC Puget Sound off the state of Washington was carved by glaciers 25,000 years ago.
(AAM, 3/96, p.84) [10]
23k BC - 18k BC: The last glacial maximum took place over this period.
(SFC, 1/2/04, p.A2) [11]
25,000 to 14,000 years ago…
The modern landscape you now see records the retreat of the last major ice sheet that extended into Illinois from 25,000 to 14,000 years ago. This invasion took place during the most recent or Wisconsinan Glaciation, which geologists estimated extended from 75,000 to 10,000 years B.P. (before present time). During that time, the Laurentide Ice Sheet covered much of Canada and the northern United States. Nurtured by a continental climate colder than today's, the ice sheet grew as snow accumulated and the pressure of its own weight caused it to change to ice and spread outward from its Canadian center. [13]
We tend to think of Illinois as very flat, but bike riders and joggers know that our landscape has many subtle hills, ridges, and long uphill slopes. From a satellite or the space shuttle high above the earth, large broad ridges can be seen that arc across northeastern Illinois. These ridges, left behind when the last Ice Age glaciers melted away are called end moraines; they formed between about 25,000 and 14,000 years ago during the Wisconsin glacial episode. Although these ridges are easy to see from space, they are so broad and rounded you may sometimes overlook them when you drive across Illinois.
Melting at a glacier margin causes the ice to thin, and ground up rock debris carried in the deposits of sand and gravel, called outwash plains, were left behind by meltwater streams flowing away from the glacier.[14]
25,000 to 13,000 years ago…The land bridge between Siberia and Alaska coincided with the last Great Ice Age, when the Land was above sea level between twenty-five and thirteen thousand years ago[15].
23k BC - 10k BC The Sandia Cave in New Mexico provided human shelter back to this period and was excavated by archeologist Frank Hibben in the 1930s after it was discovered by Boy Scouts.
(SFEC, 5/30/99, p.T8) [16]
22.5k BC On Nov 28, 1998, Portuguese archeologists led by Dr. Joao Zilhao found the skeleton of a young boy (the Lagar Velho child) in the Lapedo Valley, who reportedly exhibited both Neanderthal and Homo sapiens features, the first possible hybrid to be found.
(SFEC, 4/25/99, p.A4)(AM, 7/00, p.25) [17]
24,000 years ago…
[18]
December 21, 1140: Conrad III of Germany besieged Weinsberg. Seven years later, Conrad would be one of the leaders of the Second Crusade during which the Jews of Mainz, Cologne and Worms were all attacked.[19]
1141: Matilda proclaimed queen at Winchester, Geza II rules Hungary, Matilda captures Stephen at battle of Lincoln and reigns disastrously as queen – driven out by popular uprising and Stephen restored, Matilda's forces take Stephen prisoner, she's named queen, it goes badly, Earl Robert is captured and exchanged for Stephen's freedom. [20]
1142: controversial French teacher Peter Abelard makes Paris center of religious learning (dies this year), Abelard, Christian proponent of Aristotle, dies. [21]
1143: 150 Jews were killed in Ham, France.[22] Death of Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus, death of pope Innocent II – Pope Celestine II rules, Manuel I Byzantine Emperor rules, founding of Lubeck, Spanish Jew Benjamin of Tudela travels via Constantinople to India and returns via Egypt, End of John II Comnenus Byzantine Emperor, complete independence of Portugal from Spain – Alfonso becomes king to 1185, Pope Innocent II dies, September 26, Pope Celestine II (Guido Città di Castello) appointed. [23]
1144: Completion of St. Denis Abbey in Paris, death of Pope Celestine II – Pope Lucius II rules, Geoffrey of Anjou made Duke of Normandy, the Seljuks take Edessa, Republican regime established in Rome under Arnold of Brescia, Robert of Chester writes “Liber de Compositione Alchemiae”, Edessa falls back into Moslem control , Crusaders lose Edessa, March 8, Pope Celestine II dies and March 12 Pope Lucius II (Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso) appointed, Zangi, governor of Mosul takes Edessa, Edessa falls into the hands of Moslems. [24]
James Horrocks to George Washington, December 21, 1769
WM. & MARY Decr. 21. 1769.
I am much obliged to you for the clear Account you have been pleased to send me to Day concerning the Lands to be surveyed.
I dare say you will agree with me in Opinion that it is for the Honor of the College as well as the interest of the Officers & Soldiers, that (to use the Words of the Council) “a Person properly qualified to survey these Lands be appointed by us -- I have no Doubt of Mr. Crawford’s being such as you have mention’d, & I beg Leave to assure you very sincerely that this my first Duty to the College being satisfied, I shall be happy in the Opportunity of shewing due Respect to the Advice of the Honble. The Governor & Council, & of properly Regarding Col: Washington’s Recommendation --
I have communicated to Mr. Johnson my Sentiments on this Subject, & I believe his agree very much with mine -- Mr. Camm[25] is not in Town & I imagine we shall not be collected again till after the Holy Days -- I am of Opinion it wou’d be adviseable for Mr. Crawford to be here as soon as possible,I mean with his own Convenience, as I see no Impediment to retard or prevent his Success.
I can, Sir, say no more with Propriety, & therefore I am sure you will not expect more than this [26]--
I have the Honor to be
with great Respect
Your very Humble Sert.
...Iam
J. HORROCKS
1770
In 1770, Lawrence Harrison appears in Bedford County, Pennsylvania records, as is evidenced by a bond signed by Alexander Moreland of Hamilton Bann Township, York County, Pennsylvania, who was bound to pay fifteen pounds currency to Lawrence Harrison.[27]
1770
The first permanent white inhabitant was Colonel William Crawford, a personal friend and land-partner of George Washington. He was the father of two girls, Effie and Ann. The former married William McCormick, who came here from Winchester, VA.,in 1770. He was the first white settler in Connellsville.
Zachariah Connell came here a few years later.[28]
1770
With this sale Hezekiah Lindsy declares "It being the same land I live on in the year one thousand seven hundred and seventy" (SW of Greensburg* Ezekiah Lindsy to Isaac Mason, February 7, 1783. 300 acres on Mounts Creek.[29]
1770:
On pages 58 to 74 of the Fayette County History it lists among persons attending a meeting at the Gist Place: “Lawrence and Richard Harrison.” The following was said regarding Lawrence: “Lawrence Harrison had treated our government with too much disrespect.” This verifies that Richard Harrison was in Pennsylvania with brother, Lawrence.
Also on page 58 it emphasized the remoteness of this settlement in that “In the settlements of these places (the valley of the Redstone, Turkey Foot and the Valley of the Youghiogheny) with that at Pittsburgh, were embraced nearly all the white inhabitants of Pennsylvania west of the Alleghenies until about the year 1770.”[30]
1770 - Benjamin Harrison settled on the Youghiogheny River in what is now Franklin Township, Fayette County, Penn. (See items dated February 4, 1780 and August 11, 1785)[31]
The first settler within the limits of the present borough of Connellsville was William McCormick, who came here from near Winchester, Va., about the year 1770. He had a number of pack horses, and with them was engaged in the transportation of salt, iron, and other goods from Cumberland, Md., to the Youghiogheny and Monongahela Rivers. His wife was Effie Crawford, a daughter of Col. William Crawford, who had settled on the left bank of the Youghiogheny near the northern boundary of the present borough of New Haven. McCormick settled on the other side of the river,[32] directly opposite the house of his father in law. His first residence there was a log house, which he built on the river bank. It is still standing on land owned by the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad Company. In this he lived many years, and then removed to a double cabin which he built on the site below the stone house on the Davidson farm. Afterwards he built a large log house where is no the stone house built by John Boyd, who purchased the McCormick property in 1831.
William McCormick died in 1816, aged about seventy four years. He had eleven children, four of whom removed to Adams County, Ohio, and two to Indiana. Provance McCormick, a grandson of William, now the oldest living native of Connellsville, was born in the above mentioned double cabin of his grandfather, July 29, 1799. He learned two trades, shoemaker and carpenter. He married about 1818, and for two years lived on his ggrandfather’s place. In 1825 he bought an acre of land, and built on it the house now owned by William White. In this he lived until 1853.
Zachariah Connell, the founder of the town of Connellsville, came here a few years later than the settlement of William McCormick, whose brother in law he was, having married Mrs. McCormick’s sister
, Ann Crawford. He came to this section of country soon after 1770, and stopped at the house of his future father in law, Capt. (afterwards Colonel) William Crawford.[33]
1770 map showing Pittsburgh (Fort Duquesne) located in Virginia
Source: Library of Congress - John Henry, A new and accurate map of Virginia wherein most of the counties are laid down from actual surveys.
With a concise account of the number of inhabitants, the trade, soil, and produce of that Province
John Mitchell produced a separate map between 1755-61. It suggested the Forks of the Ohio, including the site of modern-day Pittsburgh [34]
1770: Mary Ann Godlove, born about 1770, is in the 1840 U. S. Census for Hardy County (age 60-70). She fits the oldest of the age categories for females in Francis household in the 1810 census (age 26-45, born 1765-1784) and 1820 (age 45 or above, born before 1775). In 1830, the oldest female in Francis household was aged 60-70 (born 1760-1770). Mary Ann possibly was Francis second wife: she was about twenty-two years older than any of Francis children living at home in 1810, but she was too young to be the mother of John and probably too young to be the mother of Conrad. [1][35]
1770
Mailbag from 1770. Yorktown Victory Museum. (2008) Photo JG.
Early 1770
The Isle of Skye, off the coast of Scotland produces men who place duty before personal inclinations.
Such a man was Lord Michael McKinnon, native of the island. He trained his children to adhere to their ideas and sacrifice everything to duty. Early in 1770 two of his sons, Daniel and Joseph, came to America. Daniel, a high Episcopal preacher to George IV of England, was sent by the crown to the church at Philadelphia.
He was a man of decided opinions and did not fit in well with the growing tendency in the colonies to question the crown's authority. He was a staunch royalist and preached his convictions from the pulpit. His belief, however, did not prevent his marriage to Miss Polly Dawson, a lovely colonial girl, who was a member of an ardent Whig family.[36]
[37]
Chicago, 1770
1770: The Balkans battle the Plague for two years.[38]
1770: Bengal Famine of 1770
Killing one-third of the population of Bengal over a five-year period, the Bengal Famine of 1770 took place between 1969 and 1773 in what are now parts of Bangladesh. An estimated 15 million perished in the famine, which was blamed on greedy principles from the British East India Company's rule.[39]
December 21, 1768
Rev. Daniel Mackinnon admitted Priest at the Chapel Royal, St. James. Immediately after this he went out as a missionary to the Plantation in Maryland. [40]
December 21, 1794
Catherine “Kittie” Foley was born in Rockingham, Va. or Hampshire, VA. Judge William Harrison McKinnon married Kitty Foley of Clarke Co. The church history of Lewistown[41] is confined to that of the Protestant Methodist denomination, which was organized, in a log house on the farm of Gabriel Banes, . . . wife, Sarah Banes; Mrs. Mary Harrison, Josiah and Catherine McKinnon . . . Mrs. Sally Ann Plum . . . "[42]
Quatawapea, or Colonel Lewis
1795:1795—1805 (Francis Gotlop) in the Hardy County personal property tax lists (except 1798) JFj.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
1772-1795
On the left: the map of Central Europe in 1795 (right after the partitions). On the right: the situation after the Vienna Congress in 1815. The autonomous Kingdom of Poland shown in light green.
Between 1772 and 1795 the entire territory of the Kingdom of Poland was divided between Prussia, Austria and Russia. During those so-called Partitions of Poland, Prussia acquired the western regions of Poland, esp. those, which were later renamed to West Prussia (formerly Royal Prussia) and Province of Posen (the area around Poznan, the Polish name being Wielkopolska, i.e. Greater Poland). The southern Polish territories around Kraków and Lwów were incorporated into the Austrian Empire and renamed "Galicia". The central and eastern provinces of Poland were taken over by the Russian Empire. Only during a short period when Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Central Europe, he restored Poland as a Duchy of Warsaw, dependent on himself, consisting of the territories Prussia and Austria had annexed in 1793-95.[43]
About 1795:Elizabeth Godlip, relationship unknown, born in Pennsylvania, Home in 1850, Delaware, Delaware County, Ohio.[44]
(Theophilus Mc Kinnon) Daniel was born either in Pa. or Va. (but most probably in the area disputed by both and encompassing Westmoreland, Fayette and Washington
Counties, Pa. [45]
1795
During the 18th century Enlightenment, philosophers such as Charles Francois Dupuis in his ‘Origine de Tous les Cultges, ou la Religion Universelle, published in 1795, began to explore the notion of Jesus as a purely mythical construct, since there seemed to be little historical record left to corroborate the few details provided in the New Testament.[46]
December 21, 1879: Copy of Obituary included in Mabel Hoover Papers (unknown publication), transcribed by Robert E. Francis, November 2, 2000:
Wm. C. Stephenson Answers Final Bugle
Prominent Pioneer Citizen and Former Confederate Passed Away
Wm. Crawford Stephenson, son of Marcus and Kathryn Stephenson, was born in Carroll County, near DeWitt, Mo., April 10, 1845 and died February 28, 1931, near Keytesville, Mo., age 85 years, 10 months and 18 days. At the age of 3 years his mother died and he was cared for by his older sisters. When he was 18 years old he joined the Confederate Army and served under General Sterling Price until the close of the war.
On December 21, 1879, he was married to Martha A. Jenkins. To this union six children were born: of the home; Roy, Watertown, South Dakota; Mrs. Stella Mauzey, Mendon; and Mrs. Arbelle Beebe of Marceline. Seven grandchildren also survive.
Only one brother of the family is left to mourn his death, Tolbert Stephenson, all others passing away several years ago.
Mr. Stephenson joined the Methodist church about 45 years ago.
He was a good and kindly neighbor and will be sorely missed.
Rev. Lynn of Huntsville, conducted the funeral services at Bethel church Monday afternoon in the presence of a large concourse of friends and neighbors. Thus ends the earthly life of one of (remainder missing).
-----
Notes alongside obituary handwritten by Mabel Hoover:
“Wm. Crawford Stephenson entered the Civil War 1863 until the close 1865. Pvt. under Gen. Sterling Price. Confederate Army in Tex.”
On December 21, 1879 when William Crawford was 34, he married Martha A. JENKINS. Born on January 20, 1859 in Keytesville, Missouri. Martha A. died in Keytesville, Missouri on April 22, 1925; she was 66.
They had the following children:
i. Charles Marcus. Born on August 25, 1880 in Chariton County, Missouri. Charles Marcus died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on August 24, 1883; he was 2. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri.
ii. James Augustus. Born on April 1, 1884 in Triplett, Chariton County, Missouri. James Augustus died in Marecline, Linn County, Missouri on February 15, 1959; he was 74.
iii. Stella Verlea (1892-1964)
iv. William Roy. Born on September 12, 1888 in Near Keytesville, Missouri. William Roy died in Watertown, South Dakota on August 15, 1972; he was 83.
William Roy married Lilly Viola STROUP.
v. Jodie Arbelle (1899-1986) [47]
December 21, 1893
Oscar Goodlove and wife are the proud and happy parents of a fine baby boy. The little one opened his eyes to the light of day last Thursday, December 14th. The mother and child are doing fine. (Winton Goodlove note:this must have been Ralph Goodlove.)
October 31, 1897 – December 21, 1931
Wallace Harold Goodlove
Birth:
Oct. 31, 1897
Death:
Dec. 21, 1931
Burial:
Jordans Grove Cemetery
Central City
Linn County
Iowa, USA
Created by: Gail Wenhardt
Record added: Apr 04, 2011
Find A Grave Memorial# 67902349
Added by: Gail Wenhardt
Cemetery Photo
Added by: Jackie L. Wolfe
[48]
1932: Unemployment reaches 13.7 million in the U.S.[49]
Soviet Famine of 1932-–33
Affecting the top grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union over several months, the Soviet famine of 1932–1933 is remembered by some as the Holodomor, a term that translates to "hungry mass death." Between seven and 10 million were killed in the area, which is now part of the Ukraine and Siberia, among other areas.[50]
1932:-1936 Fifth Aliya (wave of immigrants)to Israel. - Consisting mostly of Jews fleeing Nazi Germany and neighboring countries. [51]
December 21, 1939: Hitler named Adolf Eichmann leader of "Referat IV B"[52]
1940: Human Experiments
It is only in recent years that it has come to light that "medical" experiments on humans were also performed in psychiatric institutions. To this date little is known of these experiments. It is also still unclear what the purpose of the I.G. Farben laboratories were, which were installed in many psychiatric institutions.
At the beginning of the 1990s, G. Schaltenbrand's experiments were discussed again. In 1940, in the Werneck psychiatric hospital, he had injected chronic mentally ill patients intradernally and cisternally with spinal fluid from apes, the latter having been previously injected with spinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. [53]
Werneck is the hometown of Francis Gottlob. The Castle was turned into a psychiatric hospital.
Thus Werneck is one of the oldest psychiatric hospitals of Germany. In 1940 approximately 800 patients of the welfare and institute for care became the unfortunate recipients of “euthanasia” - actions of the NS and murdered at that time. [54]
1940: LEHI (Lochami Heruth Yisrael - Freedom fighters of Israel) underground formed by Avraham Stern ("Yair").[55]
Uncle Howard Snell was on the USS Enterprise at this time.
SS Enterprise CV-6
The Most Decorated Ship of the Second World War
1941 - The Defense of Wake Island
Wake Island
December 7-23, 1941
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"All hands have behaved splendidly and held up in a manner of which the Marine Corps may well tell."
Major Paul Putnam, December 21, 1941
Along with Guam, Wake Island was one of the key American outposts in the central Pacific, a vital part of the supply line between Hawaii and the Philippines. A small atoll 2300 miles west by southwest of Hawaii, Wake was one of the first objectives of Japan's military planners. Located just outside the Japanese Mandate Islands - including Truk, the Marianas and Marshall islands, and Palau - Wake was within striking range of Japanese bombers based on Kwajalein to the south. Flat, and with few natural defenses, the island presented an easy target for invasion.
While Enterprise was only tangentially involved in the battles for Wake Island, the story has an important place in her history. Days before Pearl Harbor, Enterprise had delivered the Marine pilots and planes of squadron VMF-211, who played a vital role in the island's defense. The incredible courage of the island's defenders deserves to be remembered.
Just hours after the last Zero had left the skies over Pearl Harbor, 34 Japanese bombers swept out of the rain and fog over Wake Island, blasting and strafing the airfield, fuel storage tanks and other facilities on the atoll. Composed of three small islands - Peale, Wilkes, and the main island Wake - the atoll was home to 450 Marines and sailors, as well as nearly 1500 civilians, including employees of Pan Am, which operated a hotel and seaplane station as part of its Philippine Clipper service.
Posters such as this one, by artist Arbin Henning, graphically illustrated the desperate struggles taking place on America's Pacific outposts.
Aided by the weather, the attackers enjoyed nearly complete surprise, killing 52, including 18 Marines, and destroying 7 of the precious Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters which Enterprise had delivered to the island just a week before. After the strike, the wounded and a few lucky others were loaded on the Martin 130 flying boat docked at the island, and evacuated to Hawaii. The Marines and others remaining on the island braced for the next attack, and for the arrival of an enemy cruiser and destroyer force the Clipper pilot had sighted over the horizon.
By December 21, eleven days after the Wake Island Marines had repelled the first assault on the atoll, Fletcher and Saratoga were still 600 miles from Wake. The Japanese were much closer, and in much greater force. A day earlier, Admiral Kajioka had sortied from Kwajalein with a second assault force, this time reinforced with four heavy cruisers. In the north, the carriers Soryu and Hiryu were detached from the Pearl Harbor strike force, their planes pouncing on Wake on December 21. Wake's last two Marine Wildcats scrambled into the air, and though badly outnumbered managed to down a Zero before being forced down themselves. But Wake was now bereft of air defense, and the promised relief mission nowhere in sight: in fact, at the time of the raid, Fletcher's force was refueling and, due to heavy seas, sailing away from Wake.
On receiving word of the carrier-based raid, Pye's resolve began to weaken. Fearing that Saratoga and Lexington were sailing into a trap, and not knowing the disposition of Japan's carriers, he ordered both task forces not to approach closer than 200 miles to Wake. Tangier, instead of landing reinforcements and supplies on Wake, was ordered to evacuate the atoll. The same day, however, Pye also lifted restrictions on Lexington's and Enterprise's operating areas, in hopes they could more effectively support Fletcher.
But, it was too little, too late. Under cover of night, Kajioka's force had approached close to the island, and before daybreak on the 23rd commenced landing the 1000-strong Maizuru 2nd Special Naval Landing Force. On Wilkes island, 70 Marines, armed with little more than vintage 1903 Springfield bolt-action rifles and hand grenades, set one transport on fire, and trapped the landing Japanese on the beach. Four hours later, that landing had been defeated, but on Wake island, two hundred Marines faced hundreds of Imperial Marines. The atoll commander, Commander Winfield Scott Cunningham, radioed his superiors in Hawaii: "ENEMY ON ISLAND ISSUE IN DOUBT". (Not quite two years later, the last three words would return to chill Nimitz and his command, when they were radioed from the beaches of Tarawa.)
The Pacific command's response left Cunningham and Marine commander, Major James Devereux, with few options. The nearest American carrier, Fletcher's Saratoga, was still a day away. Tangier, the relief ship, was even further off. A half hour later, Wake surrendered. At nearly the same time, Pye, reasoning that "Wake is a liability" ordered the relief forces to turn back.
The Consequences
The fall of Wake was a tremendous blow to American morale, not to mention that of the Navy's. When Pye's orders to withdraw reached Saratoga, an enraged Fletcher finally had to leave the bridge, where the talk had grown "mutinous". Aboard Enterprise, the crew struggled through two somber Christmas Eves (due to crossing the International Date Line), as men contemplated the fate of the Marine airmen they'd delivered to Wake just a few weeks before. What made the loss more bitter was the perception - perhaps accurate - that Wake's loss was unnecessary.
Holding Wake indefinitely may have been untenable, due to the land- and carrier-based airpower Japan could bring to bear. What seems more likely is that a more vigorous and concerted effort on the U.S. Navy's part could have saved the Marines and civilians on Wake. However, not possessing the benefit of hindsight, Pye could not justify risking his precious carriers - the only effective Navy surface forces in the Pacific - on a relief mission, in the face of possibly overwhelming enemy forces. Years after the war, the Marine commander James Devereux seemed to concur with Pye's decision: "I think it was wise ... to pull back." [56]
December 21-31: 1942 Fifty-four thousand Jews are killed in the Bogdanovka camp. [57]
December 21, 1978: In Iran, the Majlis (Parliament was adjourned until January 14.[58]
December 21, 2004
Joseph LeClere- Bodyguard of Napoleon
Posted by: Bill LeClere (ID *****2287)
Date: December 21, 2004 at 10:21:19
Can anybody help me find the name of the cavalry (horse) regiment which was bodyguard to Napoleon in 1799 in Austria? My ancestor Joseph was one of the few to survive the defeat of this regiment when it was sent forward and cut off by the Austrians in December 1799. The name of the regiment is needed if I am to locate his military records. All help is much appreciated.
Followups:
•Re: Joseph LeClere- Bodyguard of Napoleon Jeff Hannan 1/03/05
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Re: Joseph LeClere- Bodyguard of Napoleon
Posted by: Jeff Hannan (ID *****3758)
Date: January 03, 2005 at 22:40:35
In Reply to: Joseph LeClere- Bodyguard of Napoleon by Bill LeClere
of 191
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Bottom of Form
No simple answer especially as I suspect you may have some mixed information [but I accept my knowledge is only a good as the what I have read]. What follows has been summarised from a few places including the sites listed below:
In November 1799 Napoleon was in Paris leading the coup d'etat from which he became Consul. Christmas 1799 he became 1st Consul.
As for his bodyguard, there was his personal one "the Guides à cheval", [Company of mounted guides] formed in May 1796 following a raid by Austrian Hussars at [disputed depends what you read] from which he only just evaded capture.
Once he became 1st Consul he merged the Guides with the Garde du Directoire [Guard of the Directory] and others to become a single unit consisting of infantry and cavalry the Gardes des Consuls [Guard of the Consulates] that would later became the foundation of the Imperial Guard. Following the merger the Guides were renamed as the Escadron de Chasseurs-à-Cheval de La Garde Consulaire [Company of light cavalrymen of the Consular Guard] then later the Chasseurs à Cheval de la Garde Imperiale [light cavalrymen of Imperial Guard], one of several cavalry units of the Imperial Guard.
Early in 1800 Napoleon started his Italian campaign and the Gardes des Consuls would be involved [infantry and cavalry] in the Battle of Marengo (June 14, 1800) from which the Guard became famous and it appears it was the renamed "the Guides à cheval" company that was present during the battle and led one of the final cavalry charges that contributed so much to Napoleon's victory. Perhaps that is the battle your ancestor was involved in.
There is quite a bit to read and the sites below are worth noting for anyone with an interest in the Napoleonic period.
see http://www.napoleonseries.org/index.cfm go to Reference > Military Sources > Organization & Dress > [scroll down to France, Napoleon's Imperial Guard 1892-1915 AND further down to Napoleon's use of the Imperial Guard] Also see http://web2.airmail.net/napoleon/index.html [down page after text are links to detailed information about units]
Between them you should be able to work out exactly what you seek and if he did take part in the Battle of Marengo and was wounded, you may be lucky and find your ancestors name.
Also have a look at "GUARDS." LoveToKnow 1911 Online Encyclopedia. © 2003, 2004 LoveToKnow.
Http://50.1911encyclopedia.org/G/GU/GUARDS.htm you'll have to scroll down [or use browser find facility] about a 3rd of the page to "The sovereigns of France had guards" then in the 3rd paragraph text beginning "The Imperial Guard of Napoleon"
Finally, you may wish to note this site for future reference http://www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/index_en.htm , the French Ministry of Defence "Memorial" site. There appears to be a FULL database of the Imperial Guard and Infantry of the Napoleonic period under construction and although the site is convertible into 4 languages one notice remains in French. My French is not that good but I think it says "Due to ongoing research they are unable to give a definite completion date for this part of the site" If you scroll down the text on the "Guard & Line Infantry 1st Empire you will gain some more insight into how the original records are stored etc.
Not a simple answer but I hope it helps.
Jeff[59]
In the train ride of life, sometimes our final destination is earlier than we expected.
December 21, 2012: Mayan Prophet, Chalam Balam, a Mayan Priest predicts December 21, 2012 to be the doomsday prophesy.
• “This is a time of total collapse where everything is lost. It is the time of the judgment of God.
• There will be epidemics and plagues and then famine.
• Governments will be lost to foreigners and wise men and prophets will be lost.”[60][61]
• Decoding the Past, Mayan Doomsday Prophecy, 08/03/2006
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[1] Countdown to Apocalypse, H2, 11/09, 2012.
[2] Smithsonian, April 2010, page 39.
[3] Smithsonian, April 2010, page 45.
[4] Heritage:Civilization and the Jews by Abba Eban, 1984, page 5.
[5]
[6] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 360.
[7]http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/genetics/mtDNAworld/eight.html
[8] Smithsonian, December 2010 page18.
[9] How the Earth was made, America’s Ice Age, 2/16/2010.
[10] http://timelines.ws/0A1MILL_3300BC.HTML
[11] http://timelines.ws/0A1MILL_3300BC.HTML
[12] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[13] http://dnr.state.il.us/lands/landmgt/parks/i&m/corridor/geo/geo.htm
[14] Illinois State Geological Survey, A.K. Hansel
[15] The Seven Daughters of Eve, by Brian Sykes, page 280.
[16] http://timelines.ws/0A1MILL_3300BC.HTML
[17] http://timelines.ws/0A1MILL_3300BC.HTML
[18] Marengo Ridge, December 26, 2011
[19] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[20] mike@abcomputers.com
[21] mike@abcomputers.com
[22] www.wikipedia.org
[23] mike@abcomputers.com
[24] mike@abcomputers.com
[25] [Note 1: 1 Rev. John Camm, president of William and Mary College from 1771 to 1777.]
[26] The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799
Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers. Published by the Society of the Colonial Dames of American. Edited by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton.--vol. 03
[27] Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence, pg 325
[28] Article taken from the Sesquicentennial Souvenir Program published in 1956. First White Settlers By Willard L. Lewis
[29] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html
[30] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003
[31] Chronology of BENJAMIN HARRISON compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giulvezan, Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[32] Two tracts of land, one called “Stafford,” and the other “Rich Plain,”located where McCormick settled, were warranted to William Crawford, but soon afterwards became the property of William McCormick, and were patented to him May 28, 1795. A saw mill was erected by him on these premises. An agreement was made by McCormick (April 10, 1794) to sell a part of these tracts to John Gilson for ₤252, and on the 7th of December, 1796, the property was deeded by McCormick to Gilson.
[33] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, by Franklin Ellis, 1882 pg 355.
[34] http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/paboundary.html
[35] [1] From: j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net (James Funkhouser)
[36] Tragedy of Love Led to Ohioville's Founding, by Lucille T. Cox, Milestones Vol 9 No 4--Fall 1984.
[37] The Field Museum, March 21, 1770, Photo by Jeff Goodlove.
[38] http://www.twoop.com/medicine/archives/2005/10/bubonic_plague.html
[39] http://www.timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?subjid=521&title=Drought
[40] (Memoirs of Clan Fingon, by the Rev. Daniel MacKinnon, 1899, page 204)
[41] Quatawapea, or Colonel Lewis; Legend has the Shawnee becoming chief of his tribe through a quirk of fate. During the Revolution he and his people had fought on the side of the colonies. After peace was declared the Shawnee were invited to Washington to see Secretary of War Henry Dearborn and President Jefferson. Quatawapea’s superior “dress and manners” impressed Jefferson who placed a medal about his neck. The Shawnee regarded this as an indication of the wishes of the United States and made him their chief. It was not unusual for Indians to adopt the name of favorite white friends and Quatawapea took the name of a Continental officer named John Lewis. The Shawnee chief became known as Colonel Lewis and gave the name to Lewistown, the town where he settled in Logan County, Ohio.
What happened to the Shawnee was typical of the government’s fraud and ingratitude: in 1831, the tract of forty thousand acres deeded to Colonel Lewis and his people for their loyalty was taken away by the United Stats government, which removed the Shawnee to the western lands behondf the Mississippi. McKenney recalled him as “a sensible and brave Indian.” Painter: Charles Bird King, Washington, 1825.
(The McKenney-Hall Portrait Gallery of American Indians by James D. Horan
[42] History of Logan County, OH.
[43] http://www.polishroots.com/genpoland/polhistory.htm
[44] www.ancestry.com database: 1850 United States Federal Census Detail; Year 1850; Census place; Delaware, Delaware, Ohio, Roll; m432_675; page 193; Image; 197.
[45] History of Clark County, OH
[46] US New and World Report, Secrets of Christianity, April 2010. Page 6.
[47] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[48] http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Goodlove&GSbyrel=in&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&GSsr=41&GRid=67902349&
[49] Nature Center, Crabtree Forest Preserve, Barrington, IL March 11, 2012
[50] http://www.timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?subjid=521&title=Drought
[51] http://www.zionism-israel.com/his/Israel_and_Jews_before_the_state_timeline.htm
[52] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[53] http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/rz3a035//psychiatry.html
[54] http://babelfish.yahoo.com/translate_url?doit=done&tt=url&intl=1&fr=bf-home&trurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alemannia-judaica.de%2Fwerneck_synagoge.htm&lp=de_en&btnTrUrl=Translate
[55] http://www.zionism-israel.com/his/Israel_and_Jews_before_the_state_timeline.htm
[56] http://www.cv6.org/1941/wake/wake_2.htm
[57] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1769
[58] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 504
[59] http://genforum.genealogy.com/napoleonicwars/messages/104.html
[60]
[61]
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