This Day in Goodlove History, December 23
Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,and ancestors Andrew Jackson, and William Henry Harrison.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.
Birthdays’ William Andre 54, Edwin W. Godlove 75
Anniversary: Camille Davis and Curtis McKee 83
December 23, 1776: The first court of the Yohogania county was held at Fort Dunmore (Pitt) December 23, 1776,[1] and that the courts continued to be held there until August 15, 1777. They were then held at the house of Andrew Heath.” This was on the west side of the Monongahela, a short distance above, and in sight of the present town of Elizabeth. The statement has frequently been made that the Yohogania court was at one time held at Redstone Old Fort, but this is a mistake, doubtless growing our of the fact that a board of Viginia commissioners sat at that place in the winter of 1779-80 for the purpose of deciding on land claims and issuing certificates to settlers.
Finally, when the long controverst between the two States was settled by the assignment of the disputed territory to Pennsylvania, the counties of Monongalia and Ohio, though greatly reduced in area, still retained teir names as counties of Virginia (as they are of West Virginia at the present time); but Yohogania, whose limits were wholly within the territory yielded to Pennsylvania, cesed to exist, and was thenceforward mentioned as Viginia’s “lost county.” [2]
December 23, 1776
Of this tract, Virginia first created or erected three counties namely, Monongalia, Ohio, and West Augusta. West Augusta County was split up in 1774-1776, by remaking the dividing lines, and calling the three counties, Monongalia, Ohio and Yohogania.
Courts were promptly established for each. In Yohogania County the first court was held at Fort Dunmore, December 23, 1776. This ‘was near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Among the “Gentlemen Justices” sworn in, were William Harrison, James Rogers, and others. The following were given commissions, but were not sworn in Benjamin Harrison, James McClean, and Isaac Meason (Mason).[3]
[4]
ON THIS SPOT WAS HELD IN 1776 THE COUNTY COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF WEST AUGUSTA VIRGINIA.
The first court held by any English speaking people west of the Monongahela river.
WASHINGTON COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY IN 1905.
1776 - December. 23 - Commission of the Peace and Commission of Oyer and Terminer were directed to Benjamin Harrison and 30 others at a Court held for Yohogania County, Va. [5]
“Yohogania County, December 23, 1776.
“In consequence of an Act of the General Assembly of Virginia putting oft all that part of the District of West Augusta Northward of the following bounds or lines (viz.); Beginning at the mouth of Cross Creek, running up the several courses thereof to the head;
thence southeasterly to the nearest part of the dividing ridge betwee the Ohio and the Monongahela Rivers, thence along the said dividing ridge to the head of Ten Mile Creek, thence east to the road 1eading from Catfish Camp.to Redstone Old Fort, thence with the said roa to the Monongahela River, thence across the said river to the said fort, thence along Dunlap’s old road to Braddock’s Road, and wit said road to the meridian of Potomack River.” The Ohio, Allegheny and Kiskiminetas rivers, and the crest of the Laurel Hill form the remaining boundary of the county, and thus excluded old Armstrong Township in Westmoreland County. At this initial session, also, the following gentlemen justices were appointed and took the oath in that and later sessions: John Campbell, Edward Ward, Thomas Smallman, Dorsey Pentecost, John Gibson, William Crawford, John Stephenson, John Canon, George Vallandingham, William Goe, John Neaville, Isaac Cox, John N’icDowell, Richard Yeates, John McDaniel, George McCormick, Phillip Ross, Benjamin Kirkindall, William Harrison, Samuel Newell, Thomas Brown, Thomas Freeman, John DeCampe, Joshua Wright, Oliver Miller, Benjamin Frye, Matthew Ritchie, Jacob Haymaker, Benjamin Harrison, and Zachariah Connell.[6]
This Yohogania court did not use the term taxpayers, but rather chose to call them the Biblical name of “tithables.” The county was divided into thirteen districts, in which the assessment of the “tithables” was to be made, no townships being erected after the manner of Pennsylvania. It does not appear that~the court exacted the full ten per cent. of the income of the pioneers, but some of its members were appointed to prepare the list and make the collections. Two of the districts as described below encroached on the taxable area from which the Hannastown court might derive its revenue:
“Ordered, that Zachariah Connell, Gentleman, take in the list of Tithables within the following bounds, viz.: Beginning at the head of Maryland and extending along Braddock’s Road to Thomas Gist, thence with Froman’s Road to Byer’s Run, thence down the said river to the mouth of Swedley (Sewickley) Creek, thence with said creek and the northern bounds of the county to the beginning.
“Ordered, that Edward Ward, gentleman, be appointed to take the list of Tithables within that part of the county lying east of the Allegheny river and north of the Monongahela river.”
Zachariah Connell was the founder of the future city of Connellsville in present Fayette County, and Major Edward Ward well knew the title contentions from the days of Fort Duquesne, when the French drove him out more than twenty years before. There is no record to tell what kind of a list of tithables each of these justices returned to court, but there is little question that they met with many rebuffs from those who retained their allegiance to Pennsylvania’s jurisdiction.
The Yohogania couit also directed certain “Gentlemen Justices,” as they were designated, “to make a tour of the different districts thereinafter mentioned, and tender the oath of allegiance and fidelity to this Common Wealth (Virginia) to all free male inhabitants above a certain age, agreeable to an act to oblige them to give assurance of allegiance to this state and for other purposes therein mentioned.” Here again Justice Zachariah Connell was appointed for his district, and Justice Isaac Cox for all that part of the county lying west of Sewickley Creek, east of the Allegheny River and north of the Monongahela River. The records of the court do not show but few from these two districts who took such oaths.[7]
Organization; First Day's Business. (i) 1[8] Yohogania County, December 23, 1776.
In consequence of an Act of the General Assembly of Vir-
ginia putting off all that part of the District of West Augusta
Northward of the following bounds or lines (viz : ) Beginning at
the mouth of Cross Creek, running up the several courses
thereof to the head ; Thence South-Easterly to the nearest
part of the dividing ridge Between the Ohio and the Monon-
gahela Rivers, Thence along the said Dividing Ridge to the
head of Ten Mile creek, Thence East to the road leading from
Catfish camp to Redstone Old Fort, Thence with the said road
to the Monongahela River, Thence across the said River to the
said Fort, Thence along Dunlap's old road to Braddock's
Road, and with said road to the meridian of Potowmac River,
— and a Commission of the Peace and a Commission of Oyer
and Terminer, Directed to John Campbell, Edward Ward,
Thomas Smallman, Dorsey Pentecost, John Gibson, William
Crawford, John Stephenson, John Cannon, George Vallanding-
ham, William Goe, John Neaville, Isaac Cox, John McDowell,
Richard Yeates, John McDaniel, George McCormick, Philip
Ross, Benjamin KirKindall, William Harrison, Samuel Newell,
Thomas Brown, Thomas Freeman, John De Compt, Joshua
Wright, Oliver Miller, Benjamin Frye, Matthew Richie, An-
drew Swearingen, Jacob Haymaker, Benjamin Harrison, and
Zachariah Connell ; Also a Dedimus Potestatum, directed to
William Goe, John Neaville and Isaac Cox, or any two of
them, to administer the oath prescribed by law to John Camp-
bell, Edward Ward, Thomas Smallman, Dorsey Pentecost,
John Gibson, John Cannon and George Vallandingham, or
any two of them, and they to administer the aforesaid oath to
the aforesaid Justices.
Whereupon the aforesaid William Goe and Isaac Cox ad-
ministered the aforesaid oath to the aforesaid Dorsey Pente-
cost, who thereupon did administer the aforesaid oath to the
aforesaid Richard Yeates, George McCormick, Benjamin Kir-
Kindall, Samuel Newell, William Goe, Isaac Cox, Thomas
Freeman, Joshua Wright, Oliver Miller, Benjamin Frye, Mat-
thew Richie, Andrew Swearingen and John Cannon, as Justices
of the Peace. [9] The marginal figures in ( ) represent the original paging of these records.
The court then proceeded to the election of their clerk,
(2) whereupon the said Dorsey Pentecost Esquire was unanimously
chosen and appointed their Clerk, and ordered to take charge
of their rolls.
Dorsey Pentecost took the oath Prescribed by Law as Clerk
of this court.
The court demanded the Records and Papers from John
Madison, Junior, Deputy Clerk of East Augusta, in whose cus-
tody they are, Which he Peremptorily refused, Notwithstanding
he confessed he had seen an Act of assembly directing him so
to do.
Edward Ward, gentleman, came into court and prayed that
the court would receive his reasons for refusing to act as Sheriff
of this county, which was granted and were as follows : — That
he cannot think of acting as Sheriff, or appointing any under
Sheriffs, until the line Between the States of Virginia and
Pennsylvania are fixed or limited, for on the North Eastern
Bounds of this County There is still a Door open for dispute
and Contintion, which has been heretofore the cause of Dis-
turbing the Peace of the People Settled and claiming alter-
nately The Jurisdiction of each Government, and before he
can think of acting or any Person under him, he proposes pray-
ing the General Assembly to have a Temporary line fixed be-
tween them, or the limits of Pennsylvania run, or the Govern-
ment of Virginia Peremptorily running the same, until which
is done he cannot think of acting in any state or Government
to Infringe on the reserved rights of his fellow subjects ; he
further assures that when Government has this done, he is ready
to act with Cheerfulness, and if this Cannot be done he begs
that the Court will Recommend some other gentleman to his
Excellency to serve as sheriff, — and hopes the Court will
acquiesce in Promoting the having the above bounds ascer-
tained ; and further offers to qualify into the Commission of
the Peace.
The Court is of opinion that the said Edward Ward, gentle-
man, may be Permitted to Qualify into the Commission of the
Peace, they being of opinion that he is no sheriff untill he
(3) enters into Bond before this Court, and comply with the Tin-
ner of his Commission as Sheriff ; Whereupon the said Edward
Ward came into Court and took the oath of a Justice of the
Peace.
The Court is of opinion that Joshua Wright Gentleman is a
proper person to be recommended to his Excellency the Gover-
nor to serve as Sheriff, the whole of the above gentlemen
named in the Commission of the Peace who are qualified refus-
ing to act in said office on account of the great difficulty they
apprehend will attend the execution of said office until such
time as a line is fixed Between this Commonwealth and the
state of Pennsylvania.
Brice Virgin is appointed Constable to serve the Insuing
year and that he be Summoned before Richard Yeates Gentle-
man to be qualified into said office.
Richard Elson is appointed constable to serve the Insuing
year, and that he be summoned before Isaac Cox, Gentleman,
to Qualify into said office.
William Lankford is appointed Constable to serve the Ensu-
ing year and that he be summoned before Matthew Richie
Gentleman to be Qualified into said office, as also
John Alexander is appointed Constable to serve the Ensuing
year, and that he be summoned before Matthew Richie Gentle-
man to Qualify into said office.
Samuel Clerk is appointed Constable to serve the Ensuing
year, and that he be summoned before William Goe, Gentle-
man to Qualify in said office.
Samuel Griffith is appointed Constable to serve the Ensuing
year, and that he be summoned before William Goe Gentleman
to qualify into said office.
Isaac Sparks is appointed Constable to serve the Ensuing
year, and that he be summoned before Thomas Freeman,
Gentleman to Qualify into said office.
Also John Brown, James Buorass, Matthew Hays,
Bradley is appointed Constables to serve the Ensuing year, and
that they be summoned before Edward Ward, Gentleman to
Qualify into said office.
William Gaston is appointed Constable to serve the Ensuing
(4) year, and that he be summoned before Andrew Swearingen,
Gentleman to Qualify into said office.
Wm Hays is appointed Constable to serve the Ensuing year 81
and that he be Summoned before John Cannon, Gentleman to
be Qualified into said office.
John Johnston is appointed Constable to serve the Ensuing
year, and that he be summoned before Joshua Wright Gentle-
man to Qualify into said Office.
Josiah Orsborn and Philip Philips is appointed to Serve as
Constables the Ensuing year, and that they be summoned before
Samuel Newell Gentleman to Qualify into said office.
Andrew Dye & Peter Austurges is appointed Constables to
Serve the Ensuing year, and that they be summoned before
Benjamin Frye, Gentleman to Qualify into said Office.
John Beans is appointed Constable to serve the Ensuing year,
and that he be summoned before Oliver Miller, Gentleman to
Qualify into said office.
Ordered that Dorsey Penticost Esquire be recommended to
his Excellency the Governor as a proper Person to have the
Command of the Melitia of this County ; and that John Cannon
be a proper Person to be recommended as Colonel of the said
Melitia ; Isaac Cox be recommended as Leutenant Colonel of
said Melitia, and Henry Taylor, Major of said Melitia.
Ordered that the Clerk forward a letter to his Excellency &
Council, notifying the general dissatisfaction of the people of
this County against the late Election 1 being held on the Sabath
day, the short notice of the said election, and of the Inconveni-
ency of the Bounds circumscribing the said County.
Whereas by an act of the General Assembly the Suits &c
brought and Instituted in the Court of the District of West
Augusta are directed to be determined in this Court, and the
Papers and Records relative thereto are now in the hands of
John Maddison, Junior, Deputy Clerk of East Augusta, who
hath this day been Called upon to deliver the said Papers and
records to this Court, which he, the said John Maddison, in
(5) contempt of the said Act and the demands of this Court refuses
to deliver, to the manifest Injury of Individuals and evident
hurt of the Publick : Ordered, therefore, that a Process be
Issued to apprehend the said John Maddison and forthwith
bring him before this Court to answer the above misdemeanor.
Court adjourned until Court in Course. Edw? Ward.
December 23, 1777. The Court met according to adjournment. Present : John McDowell, Isaac Cox, Richd Yeates, Oliver Miller, Gentlemen Justices. The mark of Mayberry Evans a Swallow fork in the right ear and a Slit in the left, on motion of said Mayberry Ordered to be recorded. The mark of Richard Evans, a Swallow fork in the right ear and a Crop in the left ordered to be recorded. The Ear Mark of William Anderson two under half Crops on motion ordered to be recorded. The Mark of Michael Teggert a crop and three Slitts in the left Ear, on motion of said Michael ordered to be recorded. Bill of Sale Alexander Young to Joseph Wherry for 300 Acres of Land acknowledged by said Young party thereto or- dered to be recorded. On the Complaint of James Murphy and wife that a certain Jacob Jones hath for some time past forcibly detained George Alervine, the son of the wife of the said James Murphy to the great damage of the said James and Wife and against the peace and dignity of the Common Wealth. Ordered that the Said Jacob Jones forthwith deliver the said George Alervine to the said James Murphy and wife. Charles Morris v In Debt Thomas Rouse On Motion of Plff Ordered that this Suit be dismissed. (51) On the Petition of Andrew Heath &c, Ordered, that Robert Henderson, Zadock Wright, John Robertson, John Crow, Thomas Applegate and Andrew Dye, view a road, the nearest and best way from Pittsburg to Andrew Heaths ferry on the Monongahela River, and from thence to Becket's fort. Upon the motion of Andrew Heath, ordered that he have leave to keep a ferry at his house across the Mongahala River. Benn Kekendal Wilm Goe, Gent present. On the Information of Oliver Miller Gent, that William Dunaghgan did on this day swear two prophane Oaths Ordered, that the said William William Dunaghgan be fined 10s for the same. Oliver Miller Gentleman returns five Shillings received from Martin Owens for Swearing. Ordered that the Sheriff receive the same. Isaac Leet returns that he hath received five Shillings from James Johnston for prophane swearing. Ordered that the Said Isaac Leet, Sheriff retain the same in his hands. Thomas Dickenson came into Court and enters himself Defendant in an Action of Ejectment at the Suit of James Roberts. Inventory of the Estate of Garret Newgill deceased returned by the appraisers & ordered to be recorded. Bargain and Sale. Paul Froman to Dorsey Pentecost for fourteen hundred acres of Land in this County was proved by the Oaths of James Allison, Isaac Leet, John Crow & John McDowell Gent, also the receipt thereunto annexed was proved by the oaths of the said John McDowell and John Crow, the Subscribing Witnesses to the Said Bargain & Sale & Receipt as aforesaid & ordered to be recorded (52) Bill of Sale. Isaac Cox to James Allison for one one thou- sand acres of Land in the County of Kentucke, acknowledged by the said Isaac Cox party thereto and ordered to be re- corded. David McClure Then came David McClure The Plaintiff, and John Crow personally appeared Patrick McElroy in Court and undertook for the said Defendant that in Case he shall be Cast in this Action he shall pay and Satisfy the Condemnation of the Court or render his i Body to prison in execution for the same or he the said John Crow will do it for him. Whereupon the Defendant prays and has leave to imparl untill next Court and then to plead. Upon the motion of Oliver Miller Gent on behalf of Cathe- rine Dabler a servant to William Anderson that a certain Peter Brandon of the town of Pittsburgh now unjustly detains an Infant Girl born of the Body of the said Catherine. Ordered that the said Peter Brandon deliver the said Infant to the said William Anderson, it is also ordered to bring the said Infant before the next Court and that a Summons do issue to Cause the said Peter Brandon then to attend to Shew Cause wherefore he detains said Infant. Ordered, that the Sheriff collect from every Tythable person within this County, the sum of three Shillings as County Levies, and that he account with the Treasury of the Common Wealth for the same. (53) Ordered that the Sheriff pay John Campbell Gent out of the County Collection, the sum of Eleven Shillings and one penny for holding an Inquisition on the body of John Kelso. Ordered that the Sheriff of this County pay John Bradley out of the County Collection the sum of four Shillings and two pence, for summoning an Inquisition on the body of John Kelso. Ordered, that the Sheriff pay out of the County Collection to Richard Yeates, the sum of six pounds for laying two floors in a Goal formerly built for this district. 1 Ordered that the Sheriff pay out of the County Collection to Dorsey Pentecost the sum of Sixty four Pounds ten Shillings and Six pence for Record Books, County Seal, and other papers for the Clerk's office of this County. Zadock Wright produced a commission from his Excellency appointing him Captain of the Militia which being read, the said Zadock Wright came into Court and took the Oath of Capt of the Militia. The Ordinary Keepers within this County are allowed to sell at the following rates one half pint wiskey One Shilling The same into Tody One Shilling Six pence A larger or lesser Quantity in the same proportion. Beer per Quart One Shilling For a hot Breakfast One Shilling & Six pence For a Cold Do One Shilling For a Dinner Two Shillings Lodging with Clean Sheets pr Night Six pence Stablidge for one horse 24 hours with good hay or fodder Two Shillings Pasturage for Do do One Shilling Oats or Corn per Quart Three pence Supper One Shilling & Six pence (54) Ordered that the above rates commence the fifteenth day of January next and not before. Ordered that this Court be adjourned to tomorrow morning at 7 oClock William Goe [10]
The Board wrote the following Letter to the Executive Dated December 23 1782
SIR
We received your Excellencies favour of the 16th’ of October by Mr Netherland Novr 24th and yours of the 4th of Novr by Colo. Buford the 18th Inst and shall pay due attention to their contents. Gen(1) Clark has consulted the Board with regard to erecting Posts at the Mouths of Kantucky Licking & Limestone, in consequence of your Excellancys orders to him on maturely considering the affair, We are of opinion that a Fort at the Mouth of Kantucky would be of great service to the Country and may be more easaly supported than one at Licking, that a Fourt at the mouth of Licking would not be an effectual security to the Inhabitants of Fayette as it is more than 6o Miles distance from them & the Indians not being oblidged to come that way, they may penetrate into the Country without the Garrison having it in their power either to prevent them or warn the Inhabitants of their danger that to the greater part of the Enemy Indians the mouth of Kantucky is more immediately in their course, and a Fort there would cover the Inhabitants of Jefferson Lincoln & Fayette to more advantage than either of the others proposed—and by it the watter carrage from the Ohio to the internal parts of both the Counties of Lincoln & Fayette would in some measure be supported, Drenings Salt Lick a place of great consequence would be commanad by it which would greatly distress the Enemy as it is much resorted to by them for game, here they kill and cure meat to serve them in their incursions, for these reasons the Board advised the Gen’ to have a Fort erected at the mouth of Kantucky as soon as posible, they look upon the mouth of Limestone which is further up the river, more out of the way of the Indians and much more dificult to supply with provisions to be still more inconvenient, but if a post is thought necessary in that Quarter the blue Licks on Licking for the same reasons that were given about Drenings Lick may be a proper place, but it is our opinion that neither the state of you Treasury, nor the State of this Country are equal to the expence of money to support three additional Posts, nor to furnish men if to be Garrisoned by the Militia, When we arrived in this Country the 24~ of October all the officers civil & Military & the generality of the men being engaged under Gen1 Clark in an Expedition against the Miami Indians we found that little could be done untill the return of the Troops, Notwithstanding the Board met at Harodsburg the first of November with design to get in what Accounts they could, afterwards went over to Lexington in Fayette County with the same intent and there prepared Letters for Genl & Clark the Militia Offers Debtors to the State &cc. In that to General Clark he is required to lay before us copies of the orders & Instructions, he had given either to Quartermasters Pay Masters Commissaries Contractors Agents in the commercial department or superintendents of Indian affairs, and informing him We call upon all who have been concerned in the disbursements of public Monies to appear with their Accounts & the proper Vouchers for their expenditures; That those who have drawn Bills are required to attend with their powers for drawing &c: and those who have commanded Posts are to make out returns of the strength of their Men from Time to Time that we may be able to judge of the expenditures In return to which the Board received a Letter from Gen’ Clark assuring them of his chearfully complying with our request, as it was what he earnestly wished for; that some persons alluded to in theirs did not come— within his line in the settlement of their Accounts as John Dodge Commercial Agent Cob Will. Harrison purchaser for the Campaign Eighty one & Capt~ Rowland Madison Quarter Master &c: As the Gen’~ Papers are at Louisville we can not enter into a thorough investigation of his Accounts till we sit at that place, and the parties concerned are collected, We have despatched a Messenger to Kaskaskias and St Vincent and wrote to Cob. Montgomery, Dodge &c: and ordered MT Madison to lay his accounts before us and expect to be at Louisville before the return of our Messenger from ye Illinois Country, Capt~ George went with the Chickesaw Indians to their Towns and is not yet returned, Cob. Harrison, Cob. Lynn, Cob Todd and MT Lindsay are all killed; Their affairs will require time to investigate & great care to come at the truth, as some of them have kept no regular accounts, these reasons have prevented us from advanceing in the business with that Expedition we could wish. They Survyors Offices in Fayette and Jefferson Counties being opened to recieve Land Warrants the attention of the People is so much engaged as greatly to retard the getting the Militia Accounts settled. Our Letters to the County Lieutenants required them to order Pay Rolls of their different Comp~ or Parties of their Militia that have been on actual service and which have not been settled by the State, to be made out, and after having been attested by the Capt~ or Commanding officer on Oath and certified by them to be laid before the Board. All Commissaries Accounts or others furnishing provissions by their Orders with proper Vouchers are likewise to be laid before us, also Vouchers for Provisions and other articles impressed for the use of their Militia, and when Vouchers cannot be had Witnesses to prove facts are to attend, We expected by this method to have settled the Militia accounts with expedition, but calling on the County Lieutenant of Lincoln for his returns, he informed us he could not now attend, as his business called him to wait on the N. Carolina Commissioners at Cumberland. Your Excellencys Letter of NovT the 41h informs us that many demands have been made by MT Nathan and some others for payment of Bills drawn on the Treasurer or Governour of this State, by Cob Todd & Gen1 Clark, and that from the enormity of the sums demanded and the high price of every article where an Account has been rendered, there is just cause to suspect that the goods were bought for depreciated Money, and that some advantage has been taken of the Drawers, And that it now rests with us to take such measures as may be in our power to investigate the truth which you requst we will do as soon as posible and give our opinion at large. We beg leave to observe that we are not furnished with a list of the Bills in whose favour drawn the sums drawn for, nor the invoices or accounts referred to by your Excellency there must be an oversight in the Clerk not transmiting such necessary copies. Genl Clark informs us that he is altogether a stranger to what Bills Cob. Todd drew, and that he cannot at present charge his memory with what Bills he has drawn himself. so that until he can have recourse to his papers at Louisville he can only refer your Excellency to his certificate upon the Scale of De…[11]
December 23, 1784
Advocating civil equality for the Jewish population of Pennsylvania, the Reverend Charles Crawford in 1784 argued that “the drawing of a political line between us and them has a tendency to prevent their conversion…[while] the unlimited toleration of them has a tendency to bring them over to the gospel…the unlimited toleration of them is the cause of God”. Conversionist sentiments such as these may well have contributed on the Christian side to friendship and intermarriage with colonial Jews, thereby hastening the complete absorption of some within the larger community.[12]
In 1784 he reprinted George Gox’s old missionary tract, “A Looking-Glass for the Jews, with a new preface. In it he appealed to the Jews, as Fox himself did, to heed the call to conversion, but he also chided his fellow-Christians for their ill-treatment of the Jews. He pointed out that Christian prejudice might well “have a tendency to confirm them in their disbelief.” His real plea, however, was for the removal of religious tests in states where they existed.
Crawford’s psychology was more perceptive than he could have realized. A large percentage of the descendants of those eighteenth-century Philadelphia Jews-once political and social prejudice against them disappeared-did in fact become Christians. As had already occurred in the case of the children of Samnpson Levy, Sr., and David Franks, intermarriage and full acceptance were to beguile many away from their ancestral faith.[13]
A letter, signed “A Protestant,” who may have been the religious poet and minister, Charles Crawford, which appeared in the “Pennsylvania Packet” on December 23, 1784, rather unseasonably chided his co-religionists for their levity and lack of solemnity on Good Friday. “That day in my opinion ought to be observed, if possible, more holy than the Sabbath,” he wrote. “The Jews set us an example; who, at the time of their Passover, refrain from the tempting gain of lucre during the course of almost a week.”[14]
December 23, 1784
12/23/1784 Dispute between Yohogania and Westmoreland CO's settled giving Miller's Run area to Washington CO.[15]
December 23, 1984: An interesting report of the running of Mason and Dixon's line to the western extremity thereof, dated December 23, 1784, will be found in the Pennsylvania Archives, Vol. X., p. 375. The meridian line itself from the
southwest corner of the state, was finally run and marked, by David
Rittenhouse and Andrew Porter, on the part of Pennsylvania, and
Andrew Ellicott and Joseph Neville on the part of Virginia, on August
23, 1785. 9 For the Pennsylvania commissioners and their assistants,
in order to insure the prompt and effective performance of their work,
there was made the liberal provision of sixty gallons of spirits, twenty
gallons brandy, and forty gallons of Madeira wine. And thus was the
matter ended. [16]
July 23, 1803: William Clark[17] of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was present at Greenville. Years later he met again one of the Delaware chiefs from the conference, and noted in his journal for December 23, 1803: "a raney day… several Deleaway pass, a chief whome I saw at Greenville Treaty, I gave him a bottle of whiskey."[7] [18]
December 23, 1807
“Der Virginische Volksberichter” Soloman G. Henkel (1777-1847) New Market Virginia 1807 newspaper. [19]
Yorktown Victory Center, Photo, Jeff Goodlove 2008
Rev. Paul Henkel had five sons that became Lutheran ministers. Andrew and Charles were in Ohio. Phillip went to North Carolina. Ambrose served in North and South Carolina and maybe Tennessee. This information is from Rev. Paul Henkel’s Autobiography, recently published by the Hinkel association. In his book, he states he had nephews in Ohio named Saul and Joel, son of Moses, his brother, who was a minister also. [20]
The Methodists built the first church in 1807 in Champaign County.[21]
1808
The following records reveal James and Effa (Effelia) Rowland being connected with Fairfield County, Ohio in 1808.
1808, no. 59, James Rowland from Thomas and Joanna Davis, 51 acres for $200.00, in Range 17, Township 17, Section 31. Book G. and page 394.[22]
1808
In 1808, he (James Foley) married Mary Marsh, also a native of Virginia, born 1784, to whom were born Griffith, Catherine, Susan, John and James. Mr. Foley was one of the first County Commissioners, on the erection of the county in 1818, and served several years; was also in the Legislature two terms, and became one of the largest land-owners in Clark County. He died in 1864, aged eighty-four. John Ward settled in the township about the same time as Foley. Judge John R. Lemon settled on Section 2, in the southeastern part of the township, in 1808; he was also a Virginian. In the same year, David Crabill and his wife Barbery came from Virginia and settled on Buck Creek. They had born to them twelve children; seven yet survive, and are among the leading families of the county. David was a native of Virginia, and his wife of Pennsylvania; her maiden name was Bear, and he was in the war of 1812. [23]
1808
. A comparatively early settler, and one whose name is well known throughout the township, was Judge Daniel McKinnon, a Virginian, who came to this section in 1808, and settled on the ground where New Moorefield now stands, in Sections 3, 4; 9 and 10, corner. He had a family consisting of his wife, three girls and five boys, all of which children are, now scattered over the country outside of the township. The father died on the land he entered, and was buried in the old graveyard. [24]
1808
Judge Daniel MCKINNON
3 girls, 5 boys
A Virginian
Thomas Voss, a native of Virginia, settled where Nathan Marsh now lives, in 1808. Silvanus Tattle and his wife; Mary (Brown) Tuttle, came to Ohio from Virginia in 1806, settling first-in Champaign County, close to Catawba Station, and, in the spring of 1808, removing to the southeastern part of Moorefield Township, where both died, he in January, 1843, aged eighty-two, and his wife in May, 1848, aged eighty-five. Of their numerous family, Eunice, Thaddeus, Hetty, Thomas, John, Dorcas, Caleb, Zebedee and David, all are dead but Caleb and Zebedee, who reside in Springfield Township, aged eighty-two and eighty-one respectively. The Tuttles incline toward the Baptist Church, and many of them are actively identified with that denomination. In 1808, Charles Bodkin and John Runyon settled in the township, and Jacob Richards a couple of years previous; all were from Virginia. [25]
1808 - Benjamin Harrison "died sometime about 1808 leaving certain children)" etc. [26]
1808: Tecumseh and the Prophet moved their respective followers to Prophetstown near the Tippecanoe River in the Indiana Territory in 1808. The two men continued to espouse their message, and their followers continued to grow in number.[27]
1808
The Holy Bible by Charles Thomson (the first English translation of the Septuagint into English and the first English New Testament translated and published in America.)[28]
1808: The Life of Washington is published by Parson Weems in 1808:
Mason Locke Weems Biography
About 3 pages (965 words)
Parson Weems Summary
Name:Mason Locke Weems
Birth Date:October 1, 1759
Death Date:May 23, 1825
Place of Birth:Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States
Place of Death:Beaufort, South Carolina, United States
Nationality:American
Gender:Male
Occupations:minister
Dictionary of Literary Biography on Mason Locke Weems
Parson Weems's claim to a small place in American literary history has often seemed to rest on his having retailed the fabulous story of George Washington and the cherry tree. He is more justly regarded as a writer whose The Life of George Washington (1808) transcends its subgenre. Although this edifying biography's starchy simplicity has drawn the derision of generations, critics who have looked beneath its didactic idiom have found revealing testimony to the needs of a society in transition.
Very little is known of Weems's youth. He was born 11 October 1759 at Marshes Seat, Herring Bay, in Maryland's Anne Arundel County, the son of a Scottish farmer who had fathered eighteen earlier children, eleven of them by his second wife, the former Esther Hill. After receiving his early schooling in Maryland, Weems studied medicine in London and possibly in Edinburgh between 1773 and 1776. By one report he was a surgeon in the British navy at the outbreak of the Revolution, but by 1779 he had returned to Maryland. He was again in England from 1781 to 1784, this time preparing for the Anglican priesthood. Following his ordination by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1784, he returned to America to serve as pastor of a series of parishes in the Chesapeake area. Weems held fixed clerical appointments for less than a decade, and then, after 1792, while remaining a minister, he traveled the Eastern seaboard as an itinerant book salesman. On 2 July 1795 he married Frances Sewall, the daughter of Colonel Jesse Sewall of Bel Air, near Drumfries, in Prince William County, Virginia. The young couple, who would become the parents of ten children, made their home at Drumfries until moving to the Bel Air plantation Mrs. Weems inherited from her father in 1806.
Weems, however, was only occasionally at home. Book-peddling had become his livelihood, and he became the author of many of his wares; besides moralistic pamphlets and The Life of George Washington , he wrote exemplary lives of Francis Marion (1809), Benjamin Franklin (1815), and William Penn (1822). He died in Beaufort, South Carolina, on 23 May 1825.
Weems the minister and Weems the peddler were ever at work in Weems the biographer. In his travels as a book purveyor, he saw that the religious and patriotic reading tastes of the new nation might be drawn together and addressed as one. His biographies of the early American heroes became, for Protestant and unchurched readers, equivalents of the sentimental saints' lives popular among some Catholics. His sources were many and varied. He borrowed freely, as in his biography of Franklin, for which he drew heavily on his subject's autobiography. What was new and correct in the life of Marion seems chiefly to have been contributed by the book's intended coauthor, Peter Horry, who withdrew his name when he saw the "romance" that Weems was fashioning. Some of what the biographies tell may be uncritically collected hearsay gathered as his salesman's travels brought Weems into contact with people offering accurate, embellished, or invented memories of his subjects. Much, however, such as the story of the dying Franklin contemplating a picture of Christ, was but his own contrivance. Certainly it was Weems's shameless improvement of history that gave his The Life of George Washington its singular appeal. Begun as one of the many tributes that appeared after the venerated hero's death in December of 1799, the biography was expanded as a corrective to the inadequacies Weems perceived in John Marshall's five-volume biography of Washington (1804-1807), which gave only a page to its subject's growing years. The popularity of his own biography was again and again a spur to Weems the imaginative writer. The eighty-page first edition that appeared in 1800 more than tripled in length as the book grew through more than thirty editions--three of them translations into German--by the year of his death. The stories of the cherry tree and the elder Washington's cabbage garden, in which the father plants seeds that come up in the pattern of George's name to teach the Heavenly Father's design in creation, first appeared in the 1806 edition. That such instruction--the first a tale invented by the author, the second a moral lesson cribbed from James Beattie--became enshrined in the American folk consciousness was largely due to the prim earnestness of Weems's telling the "low hortatory" or "juvenilehomiletic" rhetoric that was employed to persuade the young but has earned the scorn of critics.
The continuing interest of Weems's writings resides not in any intrinsic merit but in their reflection of the widespread American concern with public and private virtue in the decades following the Revolution. An increasingly secular age was more receptive to instructional writings than doctrinal sermons, and in inscribing his The Life of George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, Weems expressed his hope that the book would serve as a school text. It came to influence countless readers--Lincoln would tell of its impact on him--especially when its moral anecdotes were mined for McGuffey's readers. The theme of rebellion that runs through the biography of Washington has been read as a transposition of the Revolution and the subsequent intergenerational tensions felt by a society still unsure of itself. Weems's exemplary teachings have been found to incorporate important post-Lockian insights into the nature and improvement of children. Thus young George's disobedience to his father is represented in terms of filial incapacity rather than of moral failure. The accounts of the boy's lapses and his father's corrections are free of the terrifying analogies with original sin so familiar in earlier instruction. Instead Weems presents an understanding father whose admonitions are accompanied by reassurances of parental solicitude. The Life of Washington thus mirrors a change from Americans' backward-looking obsession with guilt to the confidence that attended their advance into the nineteenth century.[29]
1808 – Because of their attempt to make a secret deal for their own profit with U.S. Commissioner Return J. Meigs, Black Fox and his assistant principal chief, The Glass, were deposed from office at a council in Hiwassee Old Town, with Black Fox being replaced by a fellow former Dragging Canoe warrior Pathkiller.[30]
1808: The poll tax was abolished in Bavaria.[31]
December 23, 1814
The British and American Armies skirmished at Villere Plantation.
December 23, 1814
United States United Kingdom
24 killed 46 killed
115 wounded 167 wounded
74 captured 64 captured
Total 213 Total 277[32]
After that the British cautiously advanced north, steadily closer to New Orleans, while Jackson dug in with his artillery batteries along Chalmette’s prime defensive ground, a small irrigation ditch known as Canal Rodriguez that faced the open Chalmette plain. The American soldiers took to calling their breastworks “Line Jackson.”[33]
THE ERECTION OF CLARK COUNTY
Tuesday, December 23, 1817, "the Senate received a message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Hawkins:" Mr. Speaker, the House of Representatives have passed the bill entitled an act to erect the county of Clark." Thursday, December 25, 1817, the bill was signed by the Speakers of both branches of the Legislature, as being duly enrolled; Mr. Lucas from the joint committee of enrollment deposited it with the Secretary of State, and took his receipt therefore.
And so the long fight was ended. Ohio had gleaned another wisp for the sheaf on her escutcheon, and had added one more dart to its bundle of arrows. As a "Christmas gift" she had granted the right of local representation and self-government to the plucky pioneers of "Little Clark," and made them a community by themselves with a "local habitation and a name," the retrospect of which confirms even the brightest visions of those who struggled for this conclusion.
The creation of Clark County was the most bitterly contested of any of the early counties of Ohio. The nominal objection urged was that the territory proposed did not fill the constitutional requirements of 400 square miles. The real trouble seems to have been personal dislike and jealousy, between the leading citizens of the principal settlements in Green and the proposed county of Clark. It is unfortunate that the names of the principal actors in the controversy cannot be learned from the journals of the Legislature of that day, for, names excepted, the records furnish, to an active mind, a detailed history of the long struggle.
Perhaps more Governors of Ohio participated, in one way or another, in the passage of this bill than in that erecting any other county in the State; they were Thomas Kirker, Othniel Looker, Thomas Worthington, Jeremiah Morrow,. Duncan McArthur, Robert Lucas and Joseph Vance. The passage of the bill and its excellent management throughout the unequal contest was more directly attributable to Daniel McKinnon, Senator from Champaign County, and one of the first Associate Judges of Clark County; Joseph Tatman also did good work, as a Representative, and was made one of the first Associate Judges. At the time of its erection, the taxable acreage of the county was 229,624 acres, then valued at $528,644, or an average price of less than $2 per acre.
The whole number of voters was 4,648, and the total population amounted to 8065.
"When the news of the passage of the bill reached Springfield, the citizens assembled at the tavern kept by my father (Cooper Ludlow), on the northwest corner of Main and Factory streets, and celebrated the occasion by the burning of tar barrels in the street, and a free use of apple toddy and the other accompaniments belonging to a great jollification of that day."*
Of the authors of the petition, or those who signed it, or any of the details, there is no known evidence, except that of hearsay. At this late day it would be interesting to know who first suggested the name of Clark, who circulated the petition, and some of the incidents concerning its rise and progress at home, as well as in the Legislature. [34]
December 23, 1863: In 1863, Governor David Tod of Ohio became worried about Lincoln’s safety. Tod, upon his return to Ohio, had a new unit raised for Lincoln’s security. [35]
In the fall of 1863, Gov. Tod organized a company for special duty at the White House in Washington, as a guard for the President. The company consisted of one man from each county in the State and was called the Union Light Guard (also known as the Seventh Independent Troop, Ohio Cavalry.)[36] The company was mustered in at Columbus on December 12, 1863. [37] By December 23, the “Union Light Guard,” also known as the Seventh Independent Troop, Ohio Cavalry, was ready and began heading to Washington. [38]
It was mustered out at Washington, September 9, 1865.. (included David McKinnon.)[39]
The relationship of David McKinnon to the family is not known at this time.
Later in the war, the Union Light Guard from Ohio, also known as the Black Horse Cavalry, guarded Lincoln on his commute. The President complained about his escorts, particularly because he thought noisy and possibly too inexperience for their new duties.[40]
President Lincoln protested to Army Chief of Staff Henry Halleck against a small detachment of cavalry which had been detailed without his request, and partly against his will, by the lamented General Wadsworth, as a guard for his carriage in going to and returning from the Soldiers’ Home. The burden of his complaint was that he and Mrs. Lincoln couldn’t hear themselves talk for the clatter of their sabers and spurs; and that , as many of them appeared new hands and very awkward, he was more afraid of being shot by the accidental discharge of one of their carbines or revolvers, than of any attempt on his life or for his capture by the roving squads of Jeb Stuart’s[41] cavalry, then hovering all round the exterior works of the city.[42]
When the President and his escorts left the Soldiers’ Home grounds, they turned south onto the Rock Creek Church Road, a winding dirt roadway that led to several wartime hospitals. Mount Pleasant Hospital, Columbia College Hospital, and Carver Hospital were all located near Rock Creek Church Road to the west, but the closest hospital was Harewood Hospital, established on the former Corcoran estate just south of the Soldiers’ Home. Living near so many hospitals, the President often saw ambulances carrying the wounded as he road to and from the Soldier’s Home.[43]
On his way there he often passed long lines of ambulances, laden with the suffering victims of recent battle. A friend who met him on such an occasion, says, “When I met the President, his attitude and expression spoke the deepest sadness. He paused, and, pointing his hand towards the wounded men, he said, “Look yonder at those poor fellos. I cannot bear it! This suffering, this loss of life, is dreadful!” Recalling a letter he had written years before to a suffering friend whose grief he had sought to console, I reminded him of the incident, and asked him, “Do you remember writing to your sorrowing friend these words: “And this too shall pass away. Never fear. Victory will come.” “Yes” replied he, “victory will come, but it comes slowly”.[44]
December 23, 1978: In Iran, an American and two Iranians were shot and killed in Ahwaz. The American, Mr. Paul Grimm, was deputy head of the Oil Service Corporation of Iran.[45]
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[1] The following named “gentlemen justices” were sworn in by the court on their commissions: Joseph Beelor, Joseph Becket, John Campbell, John Canon, Isaac Cox, William Crawford, Zachariah Connell, John Decamp, Thomas Freeman, Benjamin Frye, John Givson, William Goe, William Harrison, Benjamin Kirkendall, John McDowell, John McDonald, George McCormick, Oliver Miller, Samuel Newell, Dorsey Pentecost, Maththew Ritchie, James Rogers, Thomas Smallman, Andrew Swearingen, John Stevenson, George Vallandigham, Edward Ward, Joshua Wright, and Richard Yeates. The following named held commissions but were not sworn in: Thomas Brown, James Blackiston, John Carmichael, Benjamin Harrison, Jacob Haymaker, Isaac Leet, Sr., James McLean, Isaac Meason, John Neville, Phillip Rose, and Joseph Vance.
And the following named persons were also sworn in as civil and military officers of the county: Clerk, Dorsey Pentecost; deputy, Ralph Bowker.
Sheriffs, William Harrison (deputy, Ralph Bowker.
Sheriffs, William Harrison (deputy, Isaac Leet, George McCormick (Is George a brother of William, who married Ophelia?JG) (deputies, Hugh Sterling, Joseph Beelor, Benjamin Vanmeter, and John Lemon), Matthew Ritchie (deputy, John Sutherland).
County Lieutenant, Dorsey Pentecost.
Colonels, John Canon, Isaac Cox, John Stephenson.
Lieutenant Colonels, Isaac Cox, Joseph Beelor, George Vallaudigham.
Majors, Gabriel Cox, Henry Taylor, William Harrison.
Attorney, George Brent, William Harrison, Samuel Irvin, Philip Pendleton.
Legislators, John Campbell, William Harrison, Matthew Ritchie.
[2] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania by Franklin Ellis, 1882
[3] Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 309
[4] Annals of Southwestern Pennsylvania, by lewis Clark Walkinshaw, A. M. Vol. II, 1939. pg 60.
[5] (Loveless, P. 78) Chronology of BENJAMIN HARRISON compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giulvezan Afton, Missouri, 1973. http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[6] Annals of Southwestern Pennsylvania, by lewis Clark Walkinshaw, A. M. Vol. II, 1939. pg 71-72.
[7] Annals of Southwestern Pennsylvania, by lewis Clark Walkinshaw, A. M. Vol. II, 1939. pg 71-75-76.
[8] 1 This was perhaps the election held on December 8, to choose a place for holding the court.
[9] 1 Doubtless this "Goal formerly built for this district, " was the jail on the late Wm. Gabby farm, at Augusta Town, about half a mile west of Washington.
[10] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[11] GEORGE ROGERS CLARK PAPERS 1781-1784, Edited by James Alton James, pgs. 298-300.
[12] A time for Planting, The First Migration 1654-1823 by Eli Faber 1992 pg.94-95.
[13] The history of the Jews of Philadelphia from Colonial times to the Age of Jackson by Edwin Wolfe and Maxwell Whiteman, 1956
[14] The history of the Jews of Philadelphia from Colonial times to the Age of Jackson by Edwin Wolfe and Maxwell Whiteman, 1956, page 139-140.
[15] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html
[16] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[17] Clark. William Clark. (1770-1838). Younger brother of George Rogers Clark. A company commander under General Anthony Wayne in western PA during the period of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794. It is unclear whether Clark served at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (also 1794). In 1803, while involved in family affairs in Indiana Territory, he received an invitation from his former subordinate, Meriwether Lewis, inviting him to share command of a Corps of Discovery exploration of the land acquired from France (Louisiana Purchase). In October 1803, Lewis arrived in Clarksville, Indiana Territory, from Pittsburgh with his keelboat and second craft. Clark and ten others joined the Lewis crew. One of Clark’s men was a Black slave named York. Native Americans in Montana and the Rocky Mountains marvelled at York's black skin, as they apparently had never seen a Black before.
After the Corps of Discovery exploration, Clark remained in the new territory in several positions of responsibility. Indians grew to refer to St. Louis as “Redhair’s Town” in honor of Clark's bright-red hair.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm
1. [18] ^ Six square miles centered at the mouth of the Chicago River. See Article 3 item 14 within the text of the treaty.[1]
2.^ Charles J. Kappler (1904). "TREATY WITH THE WYANDOT, ETC., 1795". U.S. Government treaties with American Indian tribes. Oklahoma State University Library. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0039.htm#mn4. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
3.^ "Fort Dearborn" in online Encyclopedia of Chicago accessed 2009-08-01
4.^ see Article 3 #8
5.^ see Article 3 #11
6.^ Furlong, William Rea; McCandless, Byron (1981). So Proudly We Hail : The History of the United States Flag. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 160. ISBN 0-87474-448-2.
7.^ Anthony Wayne Flag (Greenville Treaty Flag)
8.^ G. Moulton, ed. The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Vol. 2, p. 140.
9.^ Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty
10.^ [1]
11.
[19] Yorktown Museum
[20] Barbara Wisdom, jdwisdom@cox.net, rootsweb
[21] History of the State of Ohio. Page 139.
[22] From River Clyde, from Emahiser, page 249.
[23] HCC0
[24] HCCO
[25] 676 - HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY.
[26] (Deposition Sept. 9, 1817, National Archives Record Group No. 49, v. 11, P. 516; see Hinkson section, p. 24) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[27] http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=312
[28] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 304.
[29] http://www.bookrags.com/biography/mason-locke-weems-dlb2/
[30] Timetable for Cherokee Removal
[31] Encyclopedia Judaica, Volume 4, page 345.
[32] Military History Magazine, May/June 2008 page 30.
[33] Military History Magazine, May/June 2008 page 29.
[34] HCCO
[35] The Magazine of History, Volume III, Number 4, April 1906, p. 253.
[36] The National Park Service
http://www.nps.gov/archive/foth/linsecur.htm
[37] Page 112.40 Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett
[38] The Magazine of History, Volume III, Number 4, April 1906, p. 253.
[39] Page 112.40 Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett
[40] http://www.lincolnscottage.com/history/lincoln/commute.htm
[41] James Ewell Brown Stuart was a soldier from Virginia and a Confederate Army general during the Civil War. His friends knew him as “Jeb.” Stuart was a cavalry commander known for his dashing image (red-lined gray cape, yellow sash, hat cocked to the side with a peacock feather, red flower in his lapel, often sporting cologne) and his audacious tactics. Through his daring raids and reconnaissance missions, he became Robert E. Lee’s eyes and ears and inspired Southern morale. He was killed late in the war, and was much missed by Lee and the Confederacy. (The 2010 Civil War Calendar.)
[42] Colonel Halpine, aide to Army Chief of Staff Henry Halleck; http://www.lincolnscottate.com/history/lincoln/commute.htm
[43] http://www.lincolnscottage.com/history/lincoln/commute.htm
[44] Francis F. Browne, early Lincoln Biographer.
[45] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 504
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