Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,and ancestors Andrew Jackson, and William Henry Harrison.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.
Birthday’s: Sarah Denny McKinnon, Edward W. Hampshire 65, Jacob Hemenway 190.
December 19, 497 B.C.:The Saturnalia reflects the contradictory nature of the deity Saturn himself: "there are joyful and utopian aspects of careless well-being side by side with disquieting elements of threat and danger".[59]
As a god of agricultural bounty, Saturn embodied prosperity and wealth in general. The name of his consort Ops, whose festival Opalia was celebrated December 19, meant "Wealth, Resources." The Temple of Saturn, the ruins of which still stand, housed the state treasury (aerarium Saturni), and was the administrative headquarters of the quaestors, the public officials whose duties included oversight of the mint. It was among the oldest cult sites in Rome, and had been the location of "a very ancient" altar (ara) even before the building of the first temple in 497 BC.[60][1]
496 B.C.: Jeremiah and Ezekiel- Major prophets.[2]
495 BCE: The earliest of the 100 Aramaic papyruses and 350 Aramaic ostraca found at Elephantine is executed. Nearly all these documents reflect the legal and political activities of the 5th-century Jewish colony, which largely follows common Aramaic practice. In contrast to later rabbinic law, for example, women engage in business and initiate divorce actions. These Jews live among Gentiles and evidence no use of Hebrew. Among their literary texts is an Aramaic version of the proverbs of the Assyrian courtier, Ahiqar.[3]
490C. The Battle of Marathon.[4]
490 BCE: Judah’s numbers grow as more exiles return from Babylon. It would seem the high priest administers Persian rule, accusing local Jews of sedition to insure Persian support.[5]
490-470 BC: Joiakim, High Priest of Israel, son of Joshua, [6]
The mystery surrounding the identity of Joiakim is rather convoluted. Biblical texts seem to conflict with one another, as we will detail. In a similar fashion the history of Josephus (Antiq. 11:121) mentions Joiakim, or 'Joacim' but does not include many details regarding his identity or role.
Biblical Citations
-1 Esdras 3:9; 5:5 (Joiakim is referred to as the son of Zerubbabel) The Esdras genealogy of Zerubbabel's sons is considered to be highly confused. [1] [2]
-1 Chronicles 3:19 (Does not mention Joiakim as son of Zerubbabel, and there is no reference to Joiakim's role as a priest of the David line)[3]
-Judith 4:6-7; 4:8; 4:14; 15:8 (Recognizes Joiakim as a High Priest that hold religious and military authority)[2]
-Because there is no evidence that a high priest would exercise such a wide range of powers, some scholars believe that Joiakim may be a pseudonym for a person from either the Hasmonean period, the time of Trajan or Hadrian, or as a "representative figure of the priesthood in general."[4]
-Nehemiah 12:10, 26 However, "this list is artificial and problematic, but its existence reflects the importance of priests and Levites in this period." [1] (Identifies Joiakim as a High Priest, the son of Jeshua)[3]
-Susanna 1:1,4,6,28,29,63 (The book of Susanna states that Joiakim was the husband of Susanna, a very rich man living in Babylon and the most honored Jew of them all, however according the New Oxford Annotated Bible it appears that this Joiakim is not connected to other Joaikim's in the Bible (confirmed by Josephus))[2]
Josephus
-Joiakim may have aided in he rebuilding of the temple, if he was a son of Joshua.[5]
-Joiakim is also labeled as a contemporary of Esdras[6]
-Joiakim and Esdras may even have worked alongside on another, filling the Priestly role; Joiakim is called the "High Priest" while Esdras is referred to as the "Principal Priest of the People".[7]
-Due to the prominent role of Esdras, as evidenced in Ant. 11:120-11:158, theories have been suggested that Esdras actually replaced Joiakim as High Priest.
-Josephus used unknown sources to conclude the following, "And it was his [Ezra's] fate, after being honoured by the people, to die an old man to be buried with great magnificence in Jerusalem. About the same time also died the high priest Joakeimos, whom his son Eliashib succeeded in the high priesthood[8]
-The combination of 1 Esdras and the way Josephus interpreted certain biblical passages, lead him to believe Joiakim and Ezra were contemporaries.
-Josephus also took liberties to fill in the gaps between Ezra 6 and 7,"in which one jumps from the reign of Darius I (522-486 BCE) to that of Artaxerses I (465-424 BCE) by relating the Ezra story to the days of the intervening monarch Xerxes. For this maneuver, he found support in Nehemiah 12, which seems to make Ezra the contemporary of the second high priest Joiakim who very likely served during Xerxes' reign."[7]
486 BCE: Xerxes is probably the King Ahasueras (Persian, Khshayarsha) remembered in the biblical story of Esther.[8]
486-465 B.C.: Queen Vashtl is deposed. The events in Ester took place during the reign of Xerxes (486-465 B.C.). Ester 1:1-4:17.[9]
[10]
[11]
486 to 465 B.C.
From Darius to Artaxerxes I (485—425)
The early part of this period for Judah is obscure. The last years of the reign of Darius were especially marked by unrest; Egypt rebelled. Some unrest may have been created in Judah, though it probably was stirred up by the local enemies of the Jews (Ezra iv 6) rather than by the Jews themselves. Such seems to have been the case especially at the beginning of a new regime. A Jewish revolt of major proportions in 485 B.c. does not appear probable. Rather, despite every encouragement from the Persian authorities, matters do not seem to have improved after the completion of the temple. Much of the trouble was due, in all probability, to the lack of dynamic leadership in the community after the disappearance of Zerubbabel. The relationship of the returnees to the people of the land—both the Jews who remained after 586 and the Samaritans— was never quite clear until the coming of Nehemiah. The territory occupied by the returned Jews was at best small—the area of Jerusalem and its environs as far as Mizpah and Jericho toward the north and east, and Keilah, Beth-zur, and Tekoa toward the south; the valleys toward the west remained in other hands. Lack of clear-cut title to the land must have been discouraging, making for a half-hearted life and provoking just enough concern to eke out the barest existence for the majority of people. The upper classes manipulated their way to much better situations, especially after the voices of Haggai and Zechariah had been quieted. [12]
The book of Ezra covers a time period of eighty years, beginning with Cyrus’s proclamation in 538 B.C. and ending with Ezra’s arrival in Jerusalem in 458 B.C. Ezra 1:1-4. [13]
486-424 BCE
10 ton Colossal Bulls head, reign of Xerxes and Artaxerxes, 486-424 B.C. Persepolus, 100 column hall, Iran.[14]
Photographer Sherri at the Oriental Museum at the University of Chicago, 12/20/2008.
480 B.C.
Judgment on Israel’s Enemies. Zachariah’s final prophecies are undated, but they are thought to have been given as late as 480 B.C. Zechariah 9:1-17.[15]
December 19, 324: Licinius abdicates his position as Emperor leaving Constatine I, “the first Christian Emperor” in control of the Roman Empire much to the detriment of the Jewish people.[16]
324 C.E.: By the early 100s CE, several Christians mentioned a particular Bethlehem cave as the spot where Jesus was born. When Constantine’s mother, Helena, came to the region in 324 CE looking for holy sites, she built a church over the cave.[17]
324-640 CE: Under Bysantine rule (324-640CE), Christianity is introduced in Israel and many anti-Jewish laws are enacted.[18]
December 19, 1154: Coronation of Henry II, King of England. With the restoration of order under Henry II, conditions of the Jews improved markedly. Within five years of his accession Jews are found at London, Oxford, Cambridge, Norwich, Thetford, Bungay, Canterbury, Winchester, Newport, Stafford, Windsor, and Reading. Yet they were not permitted to bury their dead elsewhere than in London, a restriction which was not removed till 1177. Their spread throughout the country enabled the king to draw upon them as occasion demanded; he repaid them by demand notes on the sheriffs of the counties, who accounted for payments thus made in the half-yearly accounts on the pipe rolls (see Aaron of Lincoln). Richard "Strongbow" de Clare's conquest of Ireland in 1170 was financed by Josce, a Jew of Gloucester; and the king accordingly fined Josce for having lent money to those under his displeasure. As a rule, however, Henry II does not appear to have limited in any way the financial activity of Jews. The favourable position of the English Jews was shown, among other things, by the visit of Abraham ibn Ezra in 1158, by that of Isaac of Chernigov in 1181, and by …[19]
[20]
1155: Carmelite order founded, Pope Hadrian bestows Ireland on Henry II, Arnold of Brescia hanged (see 1144), Henry II abolishes fiscal earldoms and restores royal demesne, Genghis Khan born, Henry II chooses Tomas a Becket as chancellor, Adrian IV grants Henry II right to rule Ireland, Appoints Thomas a Becket Chancellor, gets papal approval to invade Ireland, Charter of Lorris (France) spells out freedoms, Earliest record of fire insurance in Iceland. [21]
1156: War of Japanese clans Taira and Minamoto, Austria made a duchy with special privileges, Frederick Barbarossa marries Beatrice, heiress of Upper Burgundy, possible quake in Syria, Japan - Heian period ends in civil war, Civil wars ravage Japan until 1185, Japanese Hogen and Heiji insurrections - Taira samurai clan dominates at court. [22]
1157: Eric of Sweden conquers Finland and imposes Christianity, Kurenberg becomes the first German famous minnesinger, possible quake in Syria, Title of “Holy Roman Emperor” formally adopted by Frederick Barbarossa, Death of Alfonso VII King of Castile Spain. [23]
1158: Frederick Barbarossa makes Vladislav II King of Bohemia, Construction of cathedral in Oxford, Munich becomes center of salt trade, Alfonso VIII King of Castile to 1214, First European university founded at Bologna, Italy, University of Bologna founded. [24]
1159 Jews expelled from Silesia, resettled to Poland.[25] Jews from North Eastern Germany go to central Poland and Krakow in 1159. [2][26] Death of Pope Hadrian IV – great Pope Alexander III elected, Alexander III becomes Pope to 1181 as English pope Adrian IV dies, Henry II Levies scutage – payment in cash instead of military service, Henry II levies big tax in lieu of military service, September 1, Pope Adrian IV dies, September 7, Pope Alexander III appointed (Rolando Bandinelli). [27]
1160: death of Eric the Saint of Sweden, Normans expelled from North Africa, “Tristan et Iseult” written by Beroul and Thomas, “Jeu de St. Nicholas” written by Jean Bodel and performed on St. Nicholas Day, “Ludus de Antichristo” written in Bavaria, time of Anglo-Latin poet Walter Map, Laon Cathedral begun, Tula the Toltec city destroyed by the Chichimec tribe. [28]
1160: Conrad was the second son of Marquis William V of Montferrat, "the Elder", and his wife Judith of Babenberg. He was a first cousin of Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, Louis VII of France and Leopold V of Austria.
Conrad was born in Montferrat, which is now a region of Piedmont, in northwest Italy. The exact place and year are unknown. He is first mentioned in a charter in 1160, when serving at the court of his maternal uncle, Conrad, Bishop of Passau, later Archbishop of Salzburg. (He may have been named after him, or after his mother's half-brother, Conrad III of Germany.)[29]
December 19, 1187: Clement III elected Pope. Clement III was no friend of the Jews. In the aftermath of the First Crusaders violent march through the Rhine, Henry IV, the Holy Roman Emperor sought to allow Jews who had been forced to convert to return to Judaism. Pope Clement III opposed Henry on this insisting that the Jews, no matter how they had come to the Church, could not leave it. To his credit, Henry ignored the Pope. He went so far as to find those who had killed his Jewish subjects and bring them to justice. From the Jewish point of view, Henry was the exception to the norm among European Princes and Prelates. We should remember him for this and not for shivering in the winter as he did penance before an arrogant prince of the Church.[30]
December 19, 1370: Pope Urban V passed away. Urban issued a bull entitled “Sicuti judaeis non debet” that forbade the molestation of Jews and condemned the forced baptism of Jews.[31]
1371-1791: Between 1371 and 1791, 111 famines devastated France alone.[32]
1372: As the municipal physician in Basel Master Gutleben received at first 25 per year and beginning in 1372 even 30 pound Basel pennies.[33]
Vivelin/Gutleben: 1373 in Freiburg i.B.[34]
1373: It is however unlikely as shall soon become clear. It is certain however, that the Jewish physician Master Gutleben lived and worked for a time in Freiburg in Breisgau beginning in 1373. For a payment of 30 fl. he, his son Isaak and Mathis, the son of Eberlin of Colmar, were accepted in 1373 for two years as gentlemen of the city in the care and favor of Freiburg in Breisgau as well as of the Dukes of Austria.[35]
1373: Now one has to discuss the previously raised question of whether Master Josset, who was originally from the French speaking area, was not only the predecessor but also the father of Gutleben. The latter very likely grew up in the French speaking Switzerland, which could perhaps explain why the name Gutleben, besides the French form Vivelin remained so “persistently.” But the actual proof for the father and son thesis is provided by a source document, which refers to a certain case of debt: deputatum est mag. Gutleben judeo ratione iuris sui et debito, in quo fuimus obligati sue patri… Although the physician Josset is not named here specifically, the debts, however, which the Basel magistrate still had to pay to the father of Master Gutleben, may be interpreted as an outstanding physician fee not yet paid. Beyond that, much speaks for the fact that the junior Gutleben, besides being an especially capable physician, was apparenty also like the solargicus Josset versed mainly in surgery, obtained the knowledge of his field nowhere else but as an apprentice of his father, which would not have been untypical of that time. It is also conceivable that Guleben played the role of intermediary in the hiring of Josset in Basel, where the former still lived until 1373.[36]
December 19, 1732
Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac is published, in Philadelphia.[37] He publishes under the name of Richard Saunders. A rival, The American Almanack had already been published for some twenty years. Some of his sayings were “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy wealthy and wise.” Eat to live, and not live to eat.” “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Franklin sold 10,000 almanacs a year. He franchised his printing business and was very successful. [38]
1733-34
The small village of Werneck is situated along the Wern river. Here you can find a castle built in 1733-34 by the architect Balthasar Neumann.
December 19, 1750
"Andrew Vance lived near Zane's Iron Works, Va., but he died in Lancaster Co., Pa. and is buried there in the Donegal Churchyard.
"The will of Andrew Vance, date 19 Dec. 1750, probated 2 April, 1754, Frederick Co., Va. Will Book 2, page 114:
1750
[39]
December 19, 1766
The English Parliament suspends the New York Legislature for voting against the Quartering Act.[40]
Dec/
1793 - December 19 - An act for opening navigation in the South Fork and Stoner's Fork of Licking was approved by the General Assembly. Benjamin Harrison, John Wall and Isaac Riddle were appointed Commissioners to receive subscriptions in money, labor and property to raise a fund for clearing and opening navigation of the South Fork, from the mouth thereof to the junction of Hinkston and Stoner. [41]
1793 – December 19 - Benjamin Harrison was appointed Brigadier General of the 4th Brigade, 2nd Division, Kentucky Militia, commanding the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Regiments from Scott, Bourbon and Mason Counties. [42]
1794 – Little Turkey, was finally recognized by all Cherokee as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation. At this time, the Cherokee National Council was formally established as the legislative body of the nation. However, the two most populous groups, the Upper Towns (who favored acculturation and remaining in the East) and the Lower Towns (who favored maintaining older customs, though they also were highly acculturated, and emigrating to the West), remain estranged from each other with each having their own regional council; in addition, the towns of the Overhill area had their own council at Chota. The Hill and the Valley Towns in North Carolina remain largely isolated, and, with the town of Etowah in what later becomes North Georgia, the most conservative.[43]
1794
Although political prohibitions were lifted, other restrictions on Jewish equality remained. In 1794, Pennsylvania outlawed business activities on Sunday. The intent of the law was to honor the Christian Sabbath, but the effect on Jews was discriminatory. The law, in effect, limited observant Jews to working only five days per week, while Christans worked six. While Christians were free to open shops on the Jewish Sabbath, Jews were forbidden from opening their shops on the Christian Sabbath.[44]
December 19, 1806: a public sale the land was struck off to the highest bidder - Richard Jones Waters for 420.00. Witnesses to the deed - George Ruddell, J. Culbertson. Acknowledged December 19, (1806?) by George Wilson, Sheriff. [45]
December 19, 1829: Johann GUTLEBEN was born on June 4, 1765 in Metzeral,Munster,Colmar,Haut-Rhin,Alsace and died on February 10, 1838 at age 72. Johann married Anna Maria BRAESCH (d. December 19, 1829) on December 3, 1818.[46]
Johann Gutleben married Anna Maria BRAESCH, daughter of Mathias BRAESCH and Anna Maria LAMEY, on December 3, 1818. Anna was born in 1766 and died on December 19, 1829 at age 63.
The child from this marriage was:
3 M i. John GUTLEBEN was born on July 13, 1801 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died on April 18, 1862 at age 60.
John married Barbe HUCK (d. December 20, 1865) on March 24, 1822. [47]
1 December 19, 1829 – The State of Georgia passes an act appropriating the lands of the Cherokee Nation within the territorial limits claimed by Georgia, and extending the laws of that state to all persons living within its boundaries. The State of Alabama does likewise. The Georgia act stipulated that all laws of the Cherokee Nation were null and void, prohibited the election of any officers, and declared that no Cherokee can testify in court against any white person.[48]
[49]
1830 – During this year 561 Cherokee imigrate of their own accord to the western lands.[50]
About 1830
[51]
[52]
1830 Hampshire County census (“Francis Cutloaf”) JF[53]
1830s: Recognizing that the county would not grow without a better means of transportation, Hardy County's citizens lobbied the Virginia General Assembly for improved roads. During the late 1830s the Virginia General Assembly commissioned an extension of the Northwest Turnpike from Moorefield to Warm Springs.[54]
1830
In 1830, he (Saul Henkle) was elected to the office of Clerk of the Court, in which position he proved an efficient and popular officer.
He was a man a little below the ordinary height, of rather slender form, inclined to stoop in the shoulders, with a remarkably pleasant face, and manner indicating his ministerial office. In the pulpit, his speaking was extemporaneous. He was slow in delivery, but his words were appropriately chosen, and his thoughts were entertaining and[55] instructive.
1830 Ohio, Clark County
Moorefield Township, page 155
Josiah McKinnin
1 male under 5
1 male 20-30
(Catharine appears to be
Apparently Josiah dies
apparently remarries as
1850 Census.)
Daniel McKinnin
2 males 5-10
1 male 15-20
1 male 30-40
1 female under 5
1 female 5-10
William H. McKinin
1 male under 5 1 female under 5
1 male 5-10
1 male 10-15 1 female 10 15
1 male 15-20
1 male 40-50 1 female 30-40
(This is William McKinnon, Anc. No. 56).
1 female 20-30
a widow in 1840, with three children. between 1835 and 1840. Catharine she does not appear separately in the
1 female 30-40
DANIEL McKINNON and NANCYHARRISON Nos. 112, 113
This must be Daniel, Jr., with wife Mary Ann Bishop, son Daniel H. and four other children.
Moorefield Township, page 156(on consecutive lines).
Horatio Bane
1 male under 5 1 female under 5
1 male 5-10
1 male 30-40 1 female 30-40
female 15-20
1 male 20-30
1 male 30-40
1 male 50-60 1 female 50-60
1 male 6O-70~,
Who are all these people? There must be an elderly boarder,
perhaps a brother to Daniel or Nancy. Daniel would be the older male,~(he would have been 63). The male 20-30 is Thomas, who married in 1831. The male 30-40 must be Benjamin, and the children must be Benjamin’s. It is unclear whether Benjamin is widowed or not--perhaps his wife is off visiting relatives at the time of the census.
Gabriel Bane
2 males under 5 1 female under 5
1 male 5-10
1 male 10-15
1 male 20-30 1 female 20-30
This is Gabriel Banes and his wife Sally McKinnon, born c.
1804. Their children Josiah and William and three others are
listed.[56]
1830
Nathan Plummer (husband of Elizabeth Crawford)-Sheriff Book S, page 316. Range 20, Township 15, (Violet Township) Section 31, (located in or near Canal Winchester).
(Land owned in Fairfield County, Ohio)[57]
In 1830, Gottlober became a wanderer, staying for short periods in Odessa, Kishinev, Kremenets, Dubno, Mezhirichi, Warsaw, and Berdichev, often working as a tutor. His encounters with the maskilim of the region (Simḥah Pinsker, Eliyahu Frankel, Yehudah Ke’ari, and others) and with a wide variety of literary works contributed to shaping his worldview as a follower of the Haskalah, as well as to fashioning his literary inclinations. While in Odessa he became acquainted with members of the local Karaite community, and through them was introduced to their culture’s literature.[58]
1830
In 1830 Abraham Baer Gottlober married again , but found his second wife unbearable and soon divorced her. In 1830 he married for the third time and settled in Kremenetz, where he formed a lasting acquaintance with Isaac Bar Lewinsohn. 23(Levensohn)[59] Between 1830 and 1850 Abraham Baer Gottlober wandered from place to place, living between 1830 and 1850 in Bessarabia, Berdichev, and Kremenets. [60]
1830 - The back action lock appears.[61]
• 1936 Olympic Games: Anna Goodlove visits the United States Holocaust Museum in Washington D.C. In 1936, the Nazi’s hosted the Olympic games in Berlin.
• December 1937: The special Jewish company was formed in the Palafox Battalion of the Polish Dombrowsky Brigade in December 1937. The company issued a Yiddish newspaper. The orders were written in Yiddish. It had a distinct Jewish banner, and the last stanza of the company's hymn proudly proclaimed "...how Jewish Botwin soldiers drove out the fascist plague!" The Botwin group was the only one in which Jews fought as a distinct group. Hence it became the major symbol of Jewish presence in Spain. In general, the International Brigades were utilized by the Popular Front as shock troops in the most dangerous places that drew the heaviest casualties. The Botwin Company was no exception - 120 of its men were thrown into an assault at the battle of Estramadura, in the defense of Madrid; only 18 survived. The company's courage earned it the "Medalla de Valor" from the Spanish government. Whatever motives brought volunteers of the International Brigades to Spain, with the Jews the ideological motive was dominant. Many of them may have been socialists or communists, but they clearly perceived that simultaneously they were fighting a sworn enemy of the Jewish people. The Jewish-Zionist angle was no less significant than the socialist-communist. It is no coincidence that the first casualty of the International Brigades was Leon Baum from Paris, and the last casualty was Haskel Honigstern, who was given a state funeral in Barcelona. The Spanish poet Jose Herrera wrote of him: "Haskel Honigstern, Polish worker of the Jewish race, son of an obscure land, killed in the light of my homeland." It is also no coincidence that when Juan Negrin, head of the Republican government, announced in September 1938 the unilateral withdrawal of the International Brigades from Spain for diplomatic reasons, the Botwin Company formed the rear guard of the troops as they withdraw across the border into France. Jewish participation in the Spanish Civil War put to a lie the assertion that Jews are by nature "timid and non-combative... that Jews did not resist the Nazi murderers because... submission is in their national character." When the first shots of World War II were fired, in the prologue of that ghastly war, Jews were not only present in overwhelming numbers, but they incontrovertibly proved their heroism.
December 1938: In December 1938, the German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann sent a manuscript to the science journal Naturwissenschaften ("Natural Science") reporting they had detected the element barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons;[2] simultaneously, they communicated these results to Lise Meitner, who had in July of that year fled to the Netherlands and then went to Sweden.[3] Meitner, and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch, correctly interpreted these results as being nuclear fission.[4] Frisch confirmed this experimentally on 13 January 1939.[5][6][62]
December 19, 1939: The Nazi government officially gave Heydrich the responsibility for centralizing the implementation of his deportation plans. This was one of the basic steps in creating the organization that would lead to the slaughter of European Jewry. German efficiency and detailed planning was one of the hallmarks of the Final Solution.[63]
December 1941: By December 1941, Axis armies controlled vast areas in and around Europe: from Italy, Spain and North Africa in the south, east nearly to Moscow, north to the Baltic and west to the Atlantic and North Sea. England, already "stripped to the bone" battling German U-boats and bombers, increasingly depended on American shipping and support for her very survival.
In Asia, for decades tension had grown between the European colonial powers - England, Holland and France - the United States, and Japan: the western powers insisting on the right of unfettered access to China's markets, Japan determined to replace Western colonization with her own brand of "Asia for Asians", and the United States as committed to keeping China free and open, as to not propping up the European colonies.
By 1941, the Allied powers were in general agreement that the first priority must be defeating Germany. American war plans reflected the shift in emphasis from defending American and European possessions in the Pacific, to controlling shipping on the Atlantic and preparing for an invasion of Europe itself. Meanwhile, increasing diplomatic and economic pressure was applied to Japan, aimed at forcing her withdrawal from China, where her armies had been involved in a long series of "incidents" since 1931. Japan, however, would not budge. As the year wore on, President Roosevelt and his diplomats, resigned to inevitable armed conflict with Japan, now simply negotiated for time, estimating that by mid-1942 enough forces could be stationed in the Far East to deter Japan from making a grab for the resource-rich Dutch East Indies and Malaysia.
As part of this build-up, Enterprise shuttled Army Air Force P-39s and P-40s, as well as Navy planes, from West Coast ports to Pearl Harbor, and to outlying detachments on Wake and Guam further west. She departed on her last mission of this sort on November 28 - two days after Japan's Pearl Harbor strike force sailed from Japan - carrying Marine pilots and their planes to Wake Island, flying them off on December 2 before turning east to return to Pearl. Forced to slow by a massive weather system which also sheltered the Japanese Combined Fleet advancing on Oahu, Enterprise missed her expected return date to Pearl Harbor: December 6. Instead, she was 150 miles west when the first Japanese bombs began to fall December 7. Her first notice that war had begun came from one of her own pilots, Ensign Manuel Gonzales, of Scouting Six, flying in to Ford Island Naval Air Station that Sunday morning:
"Please don't shoot! Don't shoot! This is an American plane."
Moments later, he was heard ordering his aircrewman Leonard J. Kozelek to bail out: neither man was ever heard from again.
Scene at Ford Island Naval Air Station, in Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941.
Immediately after the attack, Enterprise was ordered to seek out and attack the Japanese fleet. Faulty intelligence and bad guesses led to her to search the waters southwest of Hawaii, where she found only more American ships. It is just as well, though, as it's unlikely Enterprise alone would have been an even match for the six Japanese fleet carriers now escaping west after the devastating morning raids.
At dusk the following day, Enterprise and her Task Force, low on fuel, crept into Pearl Harbor. Angry and frightened voices called out to her: "You'd better get the hell out of here or the Japs will nail you too." "Where in hell were you?" Working in the dark, in shadows cast by the still-burning Arizona, Enterprise refueled while her men hauled on board provisions brought to the ship by lighters. By 0600 the next morning, she had cleared the harbor channel and returned to the vast Pacific, with room to maneuver, room to run.
It was December 9, 1941, and Enterprise was at war. On Board the Enterprize, my Uncle Howard Snell, Pearl Harbor Survivor.
December 19, 1941
Adolph Hitler becomes commander in chief of the German Army.[64]
December 19, 1941: In North Africa, British forces begin a battle that will end in their capture of Cyrenaica.[65]
December 1942: The most influential people in the Uranverein were Kurt Diebner, Abraham Esau, Walther Gerlach, and Erich Schumann; Schumann was one of the most powerful and influential physicists in Germany. Diebner, throughout the life of the nuclear energy project, had more control over nuclear fission research than did Walther Bothe, Klaus Clusius, Otto Hahn, Paul Harteck, or Werner Heisenberg. Abraham Esau was appointed as Hermann Göring’s plenipotentiary for nuclear physics research in December 1942; Walther Gerlach succeeded him in December 1943.[66]
In December 1942, al-Husseini held a speech at the celebration of the opening of the Islamic Central Institute (Islamische Zentralinstitut) in Berlin, of which he served as honorary chair. In the speech, he harshly criticised those he considered as aggressors against Muslims, namely "Jews, Bolsheviks and Anglo-Saxons." At the time of the opening of the Islamic Central Institute, there were an estimated 3,000 Muslims in Germany, including 400 German converts. The Islamic Central Institute gave the Muslims in Germany institutional ties to the 'Third Reich'.[132][67]
December 19, 1942: For nearly two months the transports had been interrupted. Eichmann and the SiPo-SD in France made a reckoning of the situation in December and of the picture for deportations for the beginning of 1943 (XXVc-184 of December 9, 1942; and XXVI-69 of December 19). On December 31, Knochen cabled Eichmann (XXVI-69) to the effect that the deportations wopuld be resumed again in mid-February, without knowing the exact number of Jews to bwe affected by this measure. But on January 21, 1943, Knochen cabled Eichmann once more (XXVc-195). He asked him what the possibilities were for the transport of 1,200 Jews eligible for deportation. He indicated that 3,911 Jews were interned in Drancy, among them 2,159 Frenchmen. Finallly he asked; are French Jews eligible for deportation? [68]
December 1943: Her appearance in Pearl Harbor on November 6 reportedly caused one Admiral to declare "If Enterprise is ready to fight, so am I." She had returned to a new war. The desperate defensive battles of 1942, fought by a handful of carriers against staggering odds, were past, as the U.S. Navy prepared to embark on the most sustained naval offensive in history. Enterprise and Saratoga, the only surviving veterans of 1942, now joined over a dozen new flattops, including six new Essex-class fleet carriers. Returning to action November 19, off the Gilbert Islands, Enterprise would not return to the United States for another 560 days. In that time, she and the armada which surrounded her would carry the war to the very shores of Japan.[69]
Howard Snell would transfer to the Morrison in December 1943:
December 1943: Esau was replaced by Walther Gerlach. In the final analysis, placing the RFR under Göring’s administrative control had little effect on the German nuclear energy project.[25][26][27][28]
Over time, the HWA and then the RFR controlled the German nuclear energy project. The most influential people were Kurt Diebner, Abraham Esau, Walther Gerlach, and Erich Schumann. Schumann was one of the most powerful and influential physicists in Germany. Schumann was director of the Physics Department II at the Frederick William University (later, University of Berlin), which was commissioned and funded by the Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH, Army High Command) to conduct physics research projects. He was also head of the research department of the HWA, assistant secretary of the Science Department of the OKW, and Bevollmächtigter (plenipotentiary) for high explosives. Diebner, throughout the life of the nuclear energy project, had more control over nuclear fission research than did Walther Bothe, Klaus Clusius, Otto Hahn, Paul Harteck, or Werner Heisenberg.[29][30][70]
DD-560
Howard Snell
SC2
12/43 - 5/45
hwrdsnll (AT) aol.com
Plank owner,Ship sunk may 1945
[71]
December 1944: Wernher von Braun (who would later send an American to the moon) awarded the Knights Cross by Hitler.[72]
December 1980: History of Berkeley County, West Virginia
Welcome to historic Berkeley County,WV, one of the first settled areas of the State of West Virginia. Many Quakers and Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, along with the English and Dutch, became residents here in the early 1700s. They were followed by the Germans who built many present farm complexes. The County has a wealth of historic, architecturally important buildings dating from the 1740s into the 20th century. Many of these buildings, including several districts and villages, have been researched and placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Berkeley County was formed from Frederick County, Virginia, in 1772 and named for Lord Norborne Berkeley. The County seat was established in the
colonial village of Martinsburg, named for Thomas Bryan Martin, Lord Fairfax's nephew, and was incorporated in 1778. The arrival of the B&O Railroad in the 1840s gave Martinsburg and Berkeley County a big boost. During the Civil War, Martinsburg and Berkeley County, still a part of Virginia, experienced conflict and much destruction. Many families had divided allegiances. In June1861 Stonewall Jackson destroyed the railroad cars at the Martinsburg B&O Railroad complex and commandeered the engines, dragging them through Winchester to Strasburg. The Roundhouse and machine shops were completely stripped. The first major conflict in the area occurred on July 2, 1861, when the North's General Robert Patterson crossed the Potomac River at Williamsport and defeated the South's General Joseph E. Johnston and General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. On October 18 and 19, 1862 the Martinsburg B&O Railroad complex and Roundhouses were burned. After November 1863, Berkeley County became a part of the new state of West Virginia that supported the North. In 1872 the Pennsylvania Railroad came to the area, and it, along with the B&O Railroad, gave the area an excellent transportation base. In early times, a major source of the area's income came from selling flour produced by the area's water-powered mills to the Alexandria and Baltimore markets. Electricity, replacing water power, soon followed and the area became a large textile milling center. Martinsburg continues to be the focus of the business area of Berkeley County. Many of Martinsburg's historic and architecturally important buildings were included in seven historic districts placed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1980. Two more districts were placed on the National Register in December 2002.[73]
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[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnalia
[2]Chain of Tradition-Kohanim through the Ages . DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004, pg 115.
[3] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[4] Great Turning Points in History, by Louis Snyder, page 1.
[5] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
1. [7] ^ a b (New Oxford Annotated Bible)
2. ^ a b c (Biblical Apocrypha)
3. ^ a b The Bible
4. ^ Anchor Bible Dictionary
5. ^ (Ezra 3:9; Josephus Ant. 11:121)
6. ^ (Josephus Ant. 11:121)
7. ^ (Ant. 11:121)
8. ^ (Ant. 11.5,5)
[8] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[9] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1225.
[10] The Oriental Institute Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011.
[11] The Oriental Institute Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011.
[12] The Anchor Bible: Ezra-Nehemiah by Jacob M. Myers 1965. pgs. xxx-xxxi.
[13] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1185.
[14] Oriental Museum, University of Chicago, 12/20/2008. Photo by Jeff Goodlove
[15] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1219.
[16] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[17] The Historical Jesus for Dummies, by Catherine M. Muphy, page 308.
[18] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/04.html
[19] this day in Jewish History
[20] mike@abcomputers.com
[21] mike@abcomputers.com
[22] mike@abcomputers.com
[23] mike@abcomputers.com
[24] mike@abcomputers.com
[25] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm
[26] [2] Tracing your Jewish DNA for Family History
[27] mike@abcomputers.com
[28] mike@abcomputers.com
[29] Wikipedia
[30] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[31] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[32] HISTI, Little Ice Age: Big Chill, 11-20-05
[33] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 3.
[34] Die mittelalterliche Arzte-Familie,, Gutleben” page 93.
[35] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 1-2.
[36] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 3.
[37] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[38] Ben Franklin, 12/5/2004, H2.
[39] Appalachian Trails to the Ohio River by Carrie Eldridge
[40] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[41] (Littell, v. 1, p. 193) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[42] (Clift 2, pp. ix, 15) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[43] Timetable of Cherokee Removal
[44] Jewish Life in Pennsylvania by Dianne Ashton, 1998 pg. 9.
[45] (New Madrid County Deed Bk. 2, p. 85) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.htm
[46] Descendants of Elias Gutleben, Alice Email, May 2010.
[47] Descendants of Elias Gutleben, Alice email, May 2010.
[48] Timetable of Cherokee Removal
[49] The Historical Museum, Utica, Illinois. 11/13/2011
[50] Timetable of Cherokee Removal
[51] Glacier Park, McHenry County, IL February 19, 2012.
[52] Glacier Park, McHenry County, IL February 19, 2012.
[53] j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
[54] http://www.polsci.wvu.edu/wv/Hardy/harhistory.html
[55] History of Clark County, by Beers, pg 271.
[56] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett Page 112.24
[57] From River Clyde by Emahiser page 208-209.
[58] http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Gottlober_Avraham_Ber
[59] JewishEncyclopedia.com by Herman Rosenthal and Peter Wiernik.
[60]Encyclopedia Judaica/
[61] http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/technique/gun-timeline/
[62] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_nuclear_energy_project
[63] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[64] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[65] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1764
[66] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_nuclear_energy_project
[67] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini
[68] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 377.
[69] http://www.cv6.org/1943/1943.htm
[70] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_nuclear_energy_project
[71] http://www.destroyers.org/smrdd/USS_Morrison.html
[72] Hitler’s Manager’s, Wernher von Braun: The Rocket Man, 10/15/2005
[73] Tawna Lee Varner Brown
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