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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
Birthday: A. D. Craig
Anniversary: Ida Sutherland and Henry C. Godlove
Remembrance: Helen F. Goodlove
March 12, 515: 515 BCE: On the secular calendar the construction of the Second Temple was completed. (Book of Ezra, 6:15 “And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.” Darius began his reign in 522 BCE.) [1]
515-490 BC: Joshua, High Priest of Israel, son of Jehozadak, ca. 515-490 BC, after the restoration of the Temple[2]
Joshua the High Priest (Hebrew name יהושע כהן גדול Yəshúa Hebrew pronunciation: [jeˈʃuăʕ]; Greek: Ἰησοῦς; Latin: Josue) was, according to the Bible the first person chosen to be the High Priest for the reconstruction of the Jewish Temple after the return of the Jews from the Babylonian Captivity (See Zechariah 6:9-14 in the Bible.) The name is also spelled 'Jeshua' in some English versions [1], and, as with the earlier Joshua, is transcribed 'Jesus' in the Septuagint.
Life
Joshua son of Josedech served as High Priest ca.515-490 BCE in the common List of High Priests of Israel. This dating is based on the period of service age 25-50 (per Book of Numbers 8) not age 30-50 (per Numbers 4).
The biblical text credits Joshua among the leaders that inspired a momentum towards the reconstruction of the temple, in Ezra 5:2. Later 10:18 some of the his sons and nephews are found guilty of intermarriage.
Facts concerning the later part of Joshua's life are in part dependent upon whether Joshua was still alive at the time of his appearance in a vision by Zechariah. If the vision relates to Nehemiah's cleansing of the temple in Neh.13:28 then the engagement of Joshua's great-great-grandson to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite would place Joshua in his late 90s if he were still alive.[2]
Appearance in Vision
In the Book of Zechariah 3:6-10 Zechariah the prophet experiences a vision given to him by an angel of the Lord in which the restoration and cleansing of Joshua’s priestly duties are affirmed. Included in the visions were requirements in which Joshua was expected to uphold. These included: (1) walk in the ways of God, (2) keeping the requirements (the law), (3) ruling God’s house, (4) take charge of my courts; by fulfilling these duties the angel in the Book of Zachariah granted access to the inner temple to Joshua and his fellow priest. The vision also functioned to purify Joshua and to sanctify him for the preparations of his priestly duties.
Alternatively, if Joshua had in fact died before the events of Nehemiah 13 then it is possible that the vision intended to depict a heavenly throneroom scene of Satan and the angel disputing over the soul of Joshua, and the intended target of the allegory is the then serving high priest, his grandson, Eliashib.[3]
Tomb
In 1825, the traditional tomb of Joshua was reported to have been found at "one hour's distance from Baghdad."[4] [3][4]
515BCE: Jews begin replacing the personal name of God, YHWH, with more general epithets such as “God of Israel.”
514-512 B.C.
Cyrus the Great and Darius I of Persia campaigned against the Scythians (Darius from 514-512) who had settled north of the Black Sea. Crossing the Dniester, the Scythians advanced along the lower Danube into the Balkans, and into the Pannonian Plains and the area soth of the Carpathians. An additional advance brought them into Brandenburg (fint at Vettersfelde). Apart from the advance southward into the areas of the early riverine civilizations, the attacks also thrust to the west. The Scythians and Cimmerians reached Eastern Germany, Bavaria and with the Thracians, Northern Italy.[5]
509 B.C. to 395 A.D.:
[6]
500 BCE: Persian Empire: 2.1 Million Square Miles.[7]
500 BCE: The age old problem of evil, of why the righteous suffer and the wicked thrive, is pointedly addressed in the Book of Job. A legendary tale written in the Persian period describes a pious Gentile who refuses to curse God even after he has been bereaved of his estate and his children. This tale has been subverted by a dramatic poem in which Job insists that God is persecuting him unjustly and demands that God defend Job’s suffering. The book refutes the notion held by Job’s challengers that all suffering signifies divine punishment for sinning.[8]
500 BCE: Yirmeyahu/Yechezkel, major prophets.[9]
500 BCE: The distinct Mayan culture began to emerge about 500 B.C. as an offshoot of the Omec civilization.[10]
[11]
c. 500 B.C.: Gourd Shaped Vessel, Tlatilco, Valley of Mexico, Mexico.
[12]
[13]
500 to 400 B.C.: Female Figure, Tlatilco, Valley of Mexico, Mexico
[14]
[15]
500 to 400 B.C.: Female Figurines, Tlatilco, Valley of Mexico, Mexico
[16]
[17]
500 to 300 B.C.: Standing Female Figurines, Chupicauaro, Guanajuato, or Michoacan, Mexico, Ceramic and pigment.
[18]
500 to 300 B.C.: Female Figurines, Chupicuaro, Guanajuato or Michoacan, Mexico, Ceramic and pigment.
c. 500 B.C.–A.D. 200
Adena Culture
Named for the estate called Adena near Chilicothe, Ohio, where their earthwork mounds were first found. Culture was centered in present southern Ohio, but also lived in Pennsylvania, Indiana, Kentucky, and West Virginia. Were the pioneer mound builders in the U.S. and constructed spectacular burial and effigy mounds. Settled in villages of circular post-and-wattle houses. Primarily hunter-gatherers, they farmed corn, tobacco, squash, pumpkins, and sunflowers at an early date. Important sites: The Adena Mound, Ohio; Grave Creek Mound, W.V.; Monks Mound, Ill., is the largest mound. May have built the Great Serpent Mound in Ohio.[19]
500 B.C. to 400 A.D.
[20]
[21]
500 BCE to 500 CE
[22]
Despite their enforced separateness, Jewish communities in the Diaspora adopt many customs of the surrounding cultures. Integrating non-Jews into the community through marriage is common practice. Many also convert to Christianity.[23]
*
500 B.C. to 500 A.D. 2500 to 1500 years old: Waubesa Contracting Stem Point. Middle to Early Woodland. [24]
500 BC-
AD 900+
Woodland culture Indians of Illinois develop maize agriculture, build villages and burial mounds, invent the bow and arrow for hunting, and begin making pottery.
[25]
497 B.C.:The Saturnalia reflects the contradictory nature of the deity Saturn himself: "there are joyful and utopian aspects of careless well-being side by side with disquieting elements of threat and danger".[59]
As a god of agricultural bounty, Saturn embodied prosperity and wealth in general. The name of his consort Ops, whose festival Opalia was celebrated December 19, meant "Wealth, Resources." The Temple of Saturn, the ruins of which still stand, housed the state treasury (aerarium Saturni), and was the administrative headquarters of the quaestors, the public officials whose duties included oversight of the mint. It was among the oldest cult sites in Rome, and had been the location of "a very ancient" altar (ara) even before the building of the first temple in 497 BC.[60][26]
496 B.C.
Jeremiah and Ezekiel- Major prophets.[27]
495 BCE:
The earliest of the 100 Aramaic papyruses and 350 Aramaic ostraca found at Elephantine is executed. Nearly all these documents reflect the legal and political activities of the 5th-century Jewish colony, which largely follows common Aramaic practice. In contrast to later rabbinic law, for example, women engage in business and initiate divorce actions. These Jews live among Gentiles and evidence no use of Hebrew. Among their literary texts is an Aramaic version of the proverbs of the Assyrian courtier, Ahiqar.[28]
490C. The Battle of Marathon.[29]
490 BCE: Judah’s numbers grow as more exiles return from Babylon. It would seem the high priest administers Persian rule, accusing local Jews of sedition to insure Persian support.[30]
490-470 BC: Joiakim, High Priest of Israel, son of Joshua, ca. 490-470 BC.[31] Joiakim (high priest)
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The mystery surrounding the identity of Joiakim is rather convoluted. Biblical texts seem to conflict with one another, as we will detail. In a similar fashion the history of Josephus (Antiq. 11:121) mentions Joiakim, or 'Joacim' but does not include many details regarding his identity or role.
Biblical Citations
-1 Esdras 3:9; 5:5 (Joiakim is referred to as the son of Zerubbabel) The Esdras genealogy of Zerubbabel's sons is considered to be highly confused. [1] [2]
-1 Chronicles 3:19 (Does not mention Joiakim as son of Zerubbabel, and there is no reference to Joiakim's role as a priest of the David line)[3]
-Judith 4:6-7; 4:8; 4:14; 15:8 (Recognizes Joiakim as a High Priest that hold religious and military authority)[2]
-Because there is no evidence that a high priest would exercise such a wide range of powers, some scholars believe that Joiakim may be a pseudonym for a person from either the Hasmonean period, the time of Trajan or Hadrian, or as a "representative figure of the priesthood in general."[4]
-Nehemiah 12:10, 26 However, "this list is artificial and problematic, but its existence reflects the importance of priests and Levites in this period." [1] (Identifies Joiakim as a High Priest, the son of Jeshua)[3]
-Susanna 1:1,4,6,28,29,63 (The book of Susanna states that Joiakim was the husband of Susanna, a very rich man living in Babylon and the most honored Jew of them all, however according the New Oxford Annotated Bible it appears that this Joiakim is not connected to other Joaikim's in the Bible (confirmed by Josephus))[2]
Josephus
-Joiakim may have aided in he rebuilding of the temple, if he was a son of Joshua.[5]
-Joiakim is also labeled as a contemporary of Esdras[6]
-Joiakim and Esdras may even have worked alongside on another, filling the Priestly role; Joiakim is called the "High Priest" while Esdras is referred to as the "Principal Priest of the People".[7]
-Due to the prominent role of Esdras, as evidenced in Ant. 11:120-11:158, theories have been suggested that Esdras actually replaced Joiakim as High Priest.
-Josephus used unknown sources to conclude the following, "And it was his [Ezra's] fate, after being honoured by the people, to die an old man to be buried with great magnificence in Jerusalem. About the same time also died the high priest Joakeimos, whom his son Eliashib succeeded in the high priesthood[8]
-The combination of 1 Esdras and the way Josephus interpreted certain biblical passages, lead him to believe Joiakim and Ezra were contemporaries.
-Josephus also took liberties to fill in the gaps between Ezra 6 and 7,"in which one jumps from the reign of Darius I (522-486 BCE) to that of Artaxerses I (465-424 BCE) by relating the Ezra story to the days of the intervening monarch Xerxes. For this maneuver, he found support in Nehemiah 12, which seems to make Ezra the contemporary of the second high priest Joiakim who very likely served during Xerxes' reign."[32]
486 BCE: Xerxes is probably the King Ahasueras (Persian, Khshayarsha) remembered in the biblical story of Esther.[33]
486-465 B.C.
Queen Vashtl is deposed. The events in Ester took place during the reign of Xerxes (486-465 B.C.). Ester 1:1-4:17.[34]
[35]
[36]
486 to 465 B.C.
From Darius to Artaxerxes I (485—425)
The early part of this period for Judah is obscure. The last years of the reign of Darius were especially marked by unrest; Egypt rebelled. Some unrest may have been created in Judah, though it probably was stirred up by the local enemies of the Jews (Ezra iv 6) rather than by the Jews themselves. Such seems to have been the case especially at the beginning of a new regime. A Jewish revolt of major proportions in 485 B.c. does not appear probable. Rather, despite every encouragement from the Persian authorities, matters do not seem to have improved after the completion of the temple. Much of the trouble was due, in all probability, to the lack of dynamic leadership in the community after the disappearance of Zerubbabel. The relationship of the returnees to the people of the land—both the Jews who remained after 586 and the Samaritans— was never quite clear until the coming of Nehemiah. The territory occupied by the returned Jews was at best small—the area of Jerusalem and its environs as far as Mizpah and Jericho toward the north and east, and Keilah, Beth-zur, and Tekoa toward the south; the valleys toward the west remained in other hands. Lack of clear-cut title to the land must have been discouraging, making for a half-hearted life and provoking just enough concern to eke out the barest existence for the majority of people. The upper classes manipulated their way to much better situations, especially after the voices of Haggai and Zechariah had been quieted. [37]
The book of Ezra covers a time period of eighty years, beginning with Cyrus’s proclamation in 538 B.C. and ending with Ezra’s arrival in Jerusalem in 458 B.C. Ezra 1:1-4. [38]
486-424 BCE
10 ton Colossal Bulls head, reign of Xerxes and Artaxerxes, 486-424 B.C. Persepolus, 100 column hall, Iran.[39]
Photographer Sherri at the Oriental Museum at the University of Chicago, 12/20/2008.
480 B.C.
Judgment on Israel’s Enemies. Zachariah’s final prophecies are undated, but they are thought to have been given as late as 480 B.C. Zechariah 9:1-17.[40]
March 12, 604: Pope Gregory I passed away. Born in 540, Gregory was Pope from 590 until 604. The great prelate was a vigorous foe of Judaism, a religion he believed was based on depravity. In his eyes, “the Jewish understanding of scripture was perverse.” He sought to keep Jews and Christians apart. He forbade Christians from using Jewish doctors and would not let the clergy employee Jews as clerks. Jews were not to hold public office, build new synagogues, marry non-Jews or convert Christians to Judaism. But Gregory was not an unmitigated anti-Semite. On several occasions he protected the private property and synagogue of European Jews. One of his writings summed up the view, “ Just as it is not befitting to permit Jews in their communitiies to go beyond the boundaries of what is permissible by law, so also the rights they alread have should not be diminished.”[41]
605:
The Holy Prophet arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black Stone in the Kaaba.[42]
610: In 610 the Persian King Chosroes II declared war on the Empire. Which for eight years had been ruled by a savage and incompetent usurper, Phocas. [43]
610: Muhammad ibn Abdallah was an Arab merchant of the thriving city of Mecca in the Hijaz, who had never read the Bible and probably never heard of Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel had an experience that was uncannily similar to theirs. [1] [44]
One night in the year 610, when Muhammad was about 40 years old, he was alone in the cave. The angel Gabriel appeared and told Muhammad that Allah was the only God, and that He wanted Muhammad to recite his message to the world. Muhammad was frightened and confused, but when he returned home his wife and cousin Ali comforted him. Over the next three years, as Muhammad received other revelations from God, he began to share the message with his family and friends in Mecca.[2] [45]
Muhammad had a divine revelation that he was one in the great line of prophets stretching back from Jesus to Abraham.[3] [46]
According to Islamic tradition, Allah dictated His word to Muhammad over more than two decades, beginning during the month of Ramadan in 610.[5] [47]
Over a period of several years, Muhammad’s quiet preaching attracted a group of about 30 committed followers. These included his wife Khadija; his younger cousin Ali; his adopted son Zayd ibn Haritha; and a wealthy and respected merchant named Abu Bakr. Most of Muhammad’s other followers were poor people and women. Muhammad’s message appealed to them because it called for the establishment of a community that would not only revere the one true God, but also treat all of its members with fairness, equality, and respect.[48]
The word of God, as revealed to Mohamed was compiled into Islam’s sacred book, the Koran. This text reflex Jewish and Christian traditions, recognizing Moses, Jesus and others as Prophets who set the stage for Mohamed.[49]
Islam considers itself to be a continuation of the religion brought in by Abraham, continued through Judaism, Christianity, ending by Islam. The Koran incorporates the Ten Commandments. It enforces a strict ban on religious imagery, a ban that extends depictions of Mohamed himself. [50]
• “Remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself fully to him.
• He is the lord of the east and the west.
• There is no God but He so take him as your guardian.”
• Koran 73. 8-9
•
610-620 CE: Visigothic Hispania: After many of his anti-Jewish edicts were ignored, King Sisebur prohibits Judaism. Those not baptized fled. This was the first incidence where a prohibition of Judaism affected an entire country.[51]
611: When the Persians invaded Syria the Emperor’s forces received no help from the local population. The invaders occupied Antioch in 611.[52]
612 Visigoth Spain, Jews expelled.[53]
613: Persia invades Damascus in 613.[54]
Around 613: Around 613 Muhammad began to proclaim his message to a wider audience. He told the people of Mecca that they should worship only Allah, that the idols in the Kaaba should be destroyed, and that the wealthy should share with the poor. Muhammad taught that all people must submit themselves to the will of Allah. [55]
The religion that developed around his teachings came to be called Islam, a name derived from the Arabic verb aslama, which means “submitted.” Followers of Islam became known as Muslims, or “those who submit.”[56]
To stop the spread of Muhammad’s message, the Quaraysh passed laws prohibiting all business and social relations with Muslims. Muhammad’s followers were persecuted. Some beaten and killed for their beliefs. Muhammad was beaten and threated with death. A group of Muslims left Mecca and fled to Africa, where they were sheltered in the Christian kingdom of Abyssinia.[57]
613 CE: Jews in Spain had to either embrace Christ or leave the country.[58]
614: Fifth Council of Paris decrees that all Jews holding military or civil positions must accept baptism, together with their families. [59]
614:
Invitation to the Hashimites to accept Islam.[60]
March 12, 1144: Completion of St. Denis Abbey in Paris, death of Pope Celestine II – Pope Lucius II rules, Geoffrey of Anjou made Duke of Normandy, the Seljuks take Edessa, Republican regime established in Rome under Arnold of Brescia, Robert of Chester writes “Liber de Compositione Alchemiae”, Edessa falls back into Moslem control , Crusaders lose Edessa, March 8, Pope Celestine II dies and March 12 Pope Lucius II (Gerardo Caccianemici dal Orso) appointed, Zangi, governor of Mosul takes Edessa, Edessa falls into the hands of Moslems. [61]
1420: All Jews are expelled from Lyon.[62] 1420: At the behest of the Church, Duke Albrecht ordered the forcible conversion of the Jews of Austria. Those that had not converted or escaped or been sent off in the boats were burned at the stake on March 12, 1421, and their beautiful synagogue destroyed.[63] With the death of Vivelin/Gutleben the history of our Swiss-Upper Rhine physician family is not yet at its end, however. Let us turn next to the physician Peter Gutleben, who practiced in the first half of the 15th century for several decades in Colmar. As the first name Peter already dindicates, this Gutleben was not a Jew, but a Christian. The last name and place of his activity indicate that we are dealing in all likelihood with Master Gutleben’s son Isaak, with whom the former had acquired the right to citizenship in Freiburg in Breisgau in 1373. Thus Isaak may have converted to Christianity in the last quarter of the 14th century at a date not exactly known to us a step which also the descendants of the Basel Jew Mathis of Colmar, who had been in personal contact with Gutleben, perhaps took, contrary to Ginsburger’s doubts. In a Basel document, in the year 1420, we encounter this Peter Gutleben as the husband of a certain Grete Pfetterhusen, a fact from which one must again conclude that Peter HGutleben was a Christian. However, in addition to that, he is given the identification of “from Friburg,” although he lived in Colmar at that time. Likely this classification comes from the time that Peter Gutleben, alias Isaak, spent in Freiburg. It is also possible that Isaak was baptized in Freiburg, as for example the infamous convert Hans from Strassburg who received baptism in that city in the 15th century, but in no way could have been a Jew from Strassburg.[64] Portuguese sailors explore west coast of Africa, Songhai people in Gao region of W Africa begin raids in Mali empire, Ming capital moves to Beijing, Treaty of Troyes – Henry V recognized by Charles VI as heir apparent to the French throne – marries Catherine of France and enters Paris, Hussites defeat Sigismund at Bysehrad, erection of Great Temple of the Dragon in Peking, Brunelleschi creates cupola of Florence Cathedral, Ming capital moves to Beijing, Chinese ships reach East Africa, Treaty of Troyes – Henry V acknowledged as heir to French throne – marries Charles VI’s daughter Catherine, Henry Treaty of Troyes named heir of France under Charles VI, Henry marries Cathrine of France, England controls France, Hussite wars begin in Bohemia, Crusade proclaimed against the Hussite heretics in Bohemia, Brunelleschi builds dome on Florence cathedral, Europeans navigate into Indian ocean by sea, Portuguese sailors explore west coast of Africa, Songhai people in Gao region of W Africa begin raids in Mali empire, Ming capital moves to Beijing. [65]
In 1420, Danish geographer Claudius Clavus Swart wrote that he personally had seen "pygmies" from Greenland who were caught by Norsemen in a small skin boat. Their boat was hung in Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim along with another, longer boat also taken from "pygmies". Clavus Swart's description fits the Inuit and two of their types of boats, the kayak and the umiak.[26][27[66]
March 12, 1496: The Jews were expelled from Syria.[67]
March 12, 1517: In 1515, (temp. James V.) we find that Neill MacKinnon of Mishnish was at the head of the clan, and in 1517 he, in conjunction with MacLean of Dowart, petitioned the Regent and Council for free remission of all offences, to themselves and their “part-takers.” This remission was granted on March 12th, 1517. It was in the rebellion of Sir Donald Macdonald of Lochalsh that they had taken up arms. [68]
The Protestant Reformation in the early to mid 1500s saw most Prussians convert to Protestantism whereas Poland remained, and still remains, solidly Roman Catholic. In 1525 Ducal Prussia became a hereditary duchy under Albreckt Hohenzollern, the last grand master of the Teutonic Knights.[69]
Jews in Poland and Lithuania develop a particular mode of Talmudic study and enrich Jewish culture with many new religious streams and customs. Their religious academies attract students from all over the Jewish world. They speak Yiddish, a mixture of medieval German and Hebrew.
Communities elect provincial councils and create for the first time a large representative body, the Council of the Lands, that regulates both economic and religious affairs for Jew in most Eastern European states.[70]
March 12, 1715: Elector Max Emanuel ordered the expulsion of the few Jews still living in Bavaria, Germany.[71]
March 12, 1752: An early 1752 record suggests that the road had not yet been cleared. Not long after Gist‘s March 12, 1752 journal entry expressing his ―Opinion the Company may have a tolerable good Road from Wills Creek to the upper Fork of Monhongaly‖, he arrived back at Wills Creek. His last journal entry states ―Sunday 29.—We arrived at the Company‘s Factory at Will‘s Creek.‖[72]
[Note 1: 1 BALTO. March the 12th 1774 (March 12)
Mr. Valentine Crawford
Bot of William Mo. Gachen
To Sundrys per. bill furnish’d---~22 .. 9 .. 9 1/3
To Tnt. on the above Accot. from the 12th. Augt. 1774 till paid at 6 per Ct.---1
Sir
Your Most obt. hume. servt.
ALEXR. COWAN[73]
Battaile Harrison is the 1st cousin 6x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove
March 12, 1776: Clinton finally reached North Carolina on March 12, by which time the North Carolina Loyalists had been routed at Moore's Creek Bridge on February 27. The royal governors of North and South Carolina met Clinton to give him the bad news, but Commodore Peter Parker and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis had not yet arrived from Cork, Ireland, to support Clinton in his efforts to suppress the American rebellion. [74]
March 12, 1778: TO BARON DE STEUBEN.
(ORIGINAL--A FRAGMENT.)
Albany, March 12th. (March 12, 1778
Permit me to express my satisfaction at your having seen General
Washington. No enemies to that great man can be found except among the
enemies to his country; nor is it possible for any man of a noble
spirit to refrain from loving the excellent qualities of his heart. I
think I know him as well as any person, and such is the idea which I
have formed of him; his honesty, his frankness, his sensibility, his
virtue, to the full extent in which this word can be understood, are
above all praise. It is not for me to judge of his military talents;
but, according to my imperfect knowledge of these matters, his advice
in council has always appeared to me the best, although his modesty
prevents him sometimes from sustaining it; and his predictions have
generally been fulfilled. I am the more happy in giving you this
opinion of my friend with all the sincerity which I feel, because some
persons may perhaps attempt to deceive you on this point.[75]
March 12, 1779
Brig. Gen. Lachlan McIntosh to Gen. Washington
The emigration down the Ohio from this quarter I fear will depopulate it altogether, unless I have orders to put a timely stop to it immediately. It is thought that near one-haif of what remain here will go down to Kentucky, the Falls, or the Illinois, as they say themselves, this Spring. Their design of securing land is so great, notwithstanding the danger of this country, they will go. . . . I am sorry to inform you, that contrary to my expectations, things have taken a turn here much for the worse, since I wrote you on the 13th of January. The 30th of that month I received an express from Colonel Gibson, informing me that one Simon Girty, a renegade among many others from this place, got a small party of Mingoes—a name by which the Six Nations, or rather Seneca tribe is known among the Western Indians—and waylaid Captain Clark, of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment, with a Sergeant and 14 Privates, about three miles this side of Fort Laurens as they were returning after escorting a few supplies to that fort and made Clark retreat to the fort again after killing two, and taking one of his men with his saddle bags and all his letters.
Upon hearing this unexpected intelligence, I immediately sent for Colonels Crawford and Brodhead to advise them upon the best method of supplying that garrison with provisions, of which it was very short, and who had barely horses enough fit for service to transport a sufficient quantity of flour over the mountains for our daily consumption, and source of forage for them, altho’ they were most worn down. It was therefore thought most eligible upon that and other accounts to send a supply by water up Muskingum River by Major Taylor, who was charged with that duty. .
The 26th of February, a scalping party killed and carried off 18 persons, men, women and children, upon the branches of Turtle Creek, 20 miles east of this, upon the Pennsylvania Road, which was the first mischief done in the settlements since I marched for Tuscarawas, and made me apprehensive now that the savages were all inimically inclined and struck the inhabitants of Westmoreland with such a panick that a great part of them were moving away. While I was endeavoring to rouse the militia, and contriving by their assistance to retaliate and make an excursion to some Mingo towns upon the branches of Allegheny River who were supposed to have done the mischief a messenger came to me on the 3rd of March instant, who slipt out of Fort Laurens in the night of Sunday the 28th February by whom Colonel Gibson would not venture to write, and informed me, that on the morning of Tuesday, 23d February, a waggoner who was sent out of the fort for the horses to draw wood, and 18 men to guard him, were fired upon, and all killed and scalped in sight of the fort, which the messenger left invested and besieged by a number of Wyandottes, Chippewas, Delawares, &c., and in the last account I had from them, which made me very unhappy, as they were so short of provision, and out of my power to supply them with any quantity, or,if I had it, with men for an escort, since Major Taylor went, who I thought now was inevitably lost; and if I had both, there were no horses to carry it, or forage to feed them, without which they cannot subsist at this season.In this extreme emergency and difficulty, I earnestly requested the Lieutenants of the several countys on this side of the mountains to collect all of the men, horses, provisions and forage they could at any price, and repair to Beaver Creek on Monday next, the 15th instant, in order to march on the next day to Tuscarawas; and if they would not be prevailed to turn out, I was determined with such of the Continental troops as are able to march, and all the provisions we have, at all events to go to the relief of Fort Laurens, upon the support of which I think the salvation of this part of the country depends.
I have yet no intelligence from the country that I can depend on. Some say the people will turn out on this occasion with their horses; others, that mischievous persons influenced by our disgusted staff are discouraging them as much as possible. But I am now happily relieved by the arrival of Major Taylor here, who returned with 100 men and 200 kegs of flour. He was six days going 20 miles up Muskingum River, the waters were so high and stream so rapid; and as he had above 130 miles more to go, he judged it impossible to relieve Colonel Gibson in time, and therefore returned, having lost two of his men sent to flank him upon the shore, who were killed and scalpt by some warriors coming down Muskingum River, and I have my doubts of our only pretended friends, the Delawares of Cooshoching [Goschachgunk], as none other are settled upon that water.
I have the honor to enclose you the last return from Colonel Brodhead at Beaver Creek [Fort McIntosh]. . .
Lach. McIntosh, BG
Comg. Western Dept.
His Excellency Gen. Washington[76]
March 12, 1800: Crawford County. The county in northwest PA named after William Crawford was formed March 12, 1800 out of Allegheny County.
Crawford County. Diamond Square (between Chestnut and Walnut Streets) in Meadville, Crawford County. Photos by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged marker and enlarged courthouse site.
"Crawford County. Formed March 12, 1800 from Allegheny County. Meadville, in 1788, was the first permanent settlement in northwest Pennsylvania. In 1842, the nation's first direct primary was held here. Cradle of the oil and zipper industries. Named for Col. William Crawford.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission."[77]
March 12, 1800
Butler County marker and Courthouse. South Main Street (PA 8). Photos by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged marker and enlarged courthouse.
"Butler County. Formed March 12, 1800 from Allegheny County. Named for Gen. Richard Butler, Revolutionary officer. A young George Washington had crossed this area, 1753. County seat was established at Butler in 1803, and the county was home of the Harmony Society, 1804-15.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission 1981." [78]
Although the Butler brothers all distinguished themselves in service to their country, Butler County in western PA is specifically named after Richard Butler. Butler County with a population of 230 was formed from Allegheny County in 1800 . [79]
March 12, 1800:
Armstrong County. Courthouse steps, Kittanning. Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler.
"Armstrong County. Formed March 12, 1800 out of Westmoreland, Allegheny and Lycoming counties. Names for Gen. John Armstrong, who had destroyed the Indian village at Kittanning, 1756. Here, county seat was laid out, 1803, and "Daughery Visible" typewriter invented in 1881.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission..........1982." [80]
1801 - March 12 - Benjamin Harrison, Gent., of Harrison County, Ky. conveyed to Jenny Curry, widow, of same, 100 acres in Harrison County. Beginning at Nailer's corner, east to Samuel Rawlings, northwest corner, etc. Consideration $1. Witnesses - Michael Rawlings, Samuel Rawlings, Robert Rankin. Proved Harrison Court Sept. 1801 by the three witnesses. [81]
1801 - March 12 - Benjamin Harrison, Gent., of Harrison County, conveyed to Samuel Rawlings of same, 100 acres in Harrison County. Beginning on Nailor's line at the northeast corner of Widow Curry's land, etc. Consideration £20. Witnesses - Michael Rawlings, Robert Rankin, John Boney. Proved Sept. 7, 1801 by Rawlings and Rankin. Acknowledged in Harrison County Sept. 3, 1804 by Benjamin Harrison. [82]
* * *
New Madrid District, Upper Louisiana
Gen. Benjamin Harrison was among the most prominent men of the New Madrid settlement. He came from Kentucky where he had distinguished himself in the border wars. He was a man of property, a slave owner, and had a large family. He fully entered into the plans of Col. George Morgan* and proposed to bring a large number of settlers into the country. His sons, Lawrence and William, were among Morgan's followers. Another son, Benjamin, Jr. was also at New Madrid. With Gen. Harrison came Benjamin Hinkston, his son-in-law and son of the celebrated John Hinkston (or Hinkson) who himself came to New Madrid from Kentucky. In 1802 while Gen. Harrison was absent on a trip to Kentucky, George N. Reagan forced his son to surrender a negro slave, claimed as part payment of land bought of Reagan, but afterward Harrison recovered the slave by suit. [83]
*The influence of Col. George Morgan in bringing many of his old companions in arms from Pennsylvania to the Spanish province of Louisiana induced Gen. Benjamin Harrison, of Pennsylvania, and Col. John Harrison, who had settled in Kentucky to come to the new country with him. Both the Harrisons afterwards removed from New Madrid to the Ste. Genevieve District. [84]
March 12, 1812: On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war on Great Britain. Since the British had a strong presence in Southern Canada and Detroit, this necessitated an American military presence in Ohio. The Army in Ohio was to consist mainly of Militia from Ohio, Kentucky and Pennsylvania. There were also to be mustered two regiments for federal service in Ohio; the 18th & 19th US Infantry. On March 12, 1812, Batteal Harrison was commissioned an Ensign in the US Army. On July 23, he was appointed as Ensign in the 19th Infantry. [85]
March 12, 1838: Dr. Knight escaped from Tutelu, the Indian having charge of him, Thursday morning, the 13th of June, 1782. See Knight's Narr.Having wandered alone in the wilderness three weeks, Dr. Knight safely arrived at Fort Pitt on the morning of July 4th, 1782, at 7 o'clock, weak, fatigued, and in a sad plight. "This moment," wrote Gen. Irvine to Gov. Moore, of Pennsylvania, " Dr. Knight arrived, the surgeon I sent with the volunteers to Sandusky. He was several days in the hands of the Indians, but fortunately made his escape front his keeper, who was conducting him to another settlement to be burnt." On the 11th of July, Gen. Irvine informed Washington that Knight had "demolished" his Indian keeper and returned to Fort Pitt. Dr. Knight remained at the fort as surgeon of the 7th Virginia regiment until the close of the war. October 14, 1784, he married Polly Stephenson, daughter of Col. Richard Stephenson, Col. Crawford's half brother; subsequently moved to Shelbyville, Ky., where he died March 12, 1838, the father of ten children. His wife died July 31, 1839. Dr. Knight drew from our government a pension. After his death his children applied for whatever was due under the act of 1832. Knight was faithful and true, a noble character.[86]
Dr. Jonathan Knight is the husband of the half first 1st cousin 7x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove .
March 12, 1901: Mary Jane Nix14 [John Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. October 23, 1868 in Randolph Co. AL / d. June 21, 1935 in TX) married John C. Commander Burch (b. September 25, 1868 in Randolph Co. AL / d. June 8, 1951 in TX), the son of Edward Burch and Elizabeth Taylor, on September 15, 1887 in Cullman Co. AL.
A. Children of Mary Nix and John Burch:
. i. Marcellous Burch (b. October 26, 1888 / d. April 13, 1980 in AL)
. ii. Lola Jane Burch (b. June 18, 1890 / d. January 31, 1971 in CA)
. iii. Stella Mae Burch (b. June 14, 1892 / d. June 19, 1927)
. iv. James Oscar Burch (b. July 26, 1893 / d. September 12, 1959 in TX)
. v. Jackson Wid Burch (b. May 26, 1895 in AL / d. September 1, 1985 in TX)
. vi. Cordella Burch (b. December 28, 1896 in AL / d. August 9, 1897 in AL)
. vii. Nettie Lee Burch (b. January 11, 1898 / d. March 26, 1919)
. viii. Exia Lou Burch (b. October 12, 1899 / d. May 14, 1989)
. ix. Cephous Clement Burch (b. March 12, 1901 / d. April 5, 1984)
+ . x. Earnest Olen Burch (b. December 27, 1902 in AL / d. August 27, 1967 in CA)
. xi. Bessie Pearl Burch (b. September 13, 1904 / d. May 18, 1998)
. xii. Eva Bell Burch (b. September 12, 1906 / d. August 9, 1972 in OR)
. xiii. John Edward Burch (b. November 17, 1907 / d. February 19, 1986 in TX)
. xiv. Gracie Loyce Burch (b. June 30, 1910)
Sat. March 12[87], 1864:
Drilled once. Cooking and preparing for
a march.[88] Received a letter from home 2d
dated Feb 25[89]
Map of Louisiana.[90]
March 12, 1865: William McKinnon Goodlove, on March 7, 1864 enlisted in the Union Army, K Co. 57th Inf Reg. in Ohio at the age of 18. Battle at Fayetteville, North Carolina on March 12, 1865[91]
March 12,1917: the revolution triumphed when regiment after regiment of the Petrograd garrison defected to the cause of the demonstrators. The soldiers, some 150,000 men, subsequently formed committees that elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet.
The imperial government was forced to resign, and the Duma formed a provisional government that peacefully vied with the Petrograd Soviet for control of the revolution. On March 14, the Petrograd Soviet issued "Order No. 1," which instructed Russian soldiers and sailors to obey only those orders that did not conflict with the directives of the Soviet. The next day, March 15, Czar Nicholas II abdicated the throne in favor of his brother Michael, whose refusal of the crown brought an end to the czarist autocracy.
The new provincial government, tolerated by the Petrograd Soviet, hoped to salvage the Russian war effort while ending the food shortage and many other domestic crises. It would prove a daunting task. Meanwhile, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik revolutionary party, left his exile in Switzerland and crossed German enemy lines to return home and take control of the Russian Revolution.[92]
March 12, 1917: During the Russian Revolution, the Duma elected a “provisional committee” which was effectively a new executive branch for the Russian government that would replace the Czar. The apparent triumph of these social democrats offered hope (ultimately false hope) for the Jews of Russia that revolution would lead to liberation.[93]
March 12, 1921: The Histadrut (General Federation of Labor) passed a resolution to establish the Haganah. Haganah, (literally "defense") was established for the purpose stated in its name. It was organized to protect the Jewish settlements from Arab attacks - something the British could not or would not do.[94]
March 12, 1938: Despite a 1919 treaty forbidding their union on March 12, 1938. The German Army marched into Austria unopposed. [95] Hitler entered Austria to the greetings of the Church and Cardinal Innitzer. Seys-Inquert, who later achieved infamy as a mass murderer of Jews, was appointed Chancellor.[96] In early 1938, Austrian Nazis conspired for the second time in four years to seize the Austrian government by force and unite their nation with Nazi Germany. Austrian Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg, learning of the conspiracy, met with Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in the hopes of reasserting his country's independence but was instead bullied into naming several top Austrian Nazis to his cabinet. On March 9, Schuschnigg called a national vote to resolve the question of Anschluss, or "annexation," once and for all. Before the plebiscite could take place, however, Schuschnigg gave in to pressure from Hitler and resigned on March 11. In his resignation address, under coercion from the Nazis, he pleaded with Austrian forces not to resist a German "advance" into the country.
The next day, March 12, Hitler accompanied German troops into Austria, where enthusiastic crowds met them. Hitler appointed a new Nazi government, and on March 13 the Anschluss was proclaimed. Austria existed as a federal state of Germany until the end of World War II, when the Allied powers declared the Anschluss void and reestablished an independent Austria. Schuschnigg, who had been imprisoned soon after resigning, was released in 1945.[97]
March 12, 1939: Pope Pius XII was crowned Pope in Vatican ceremonies. While the Catholic Church may be considering Pious XII for canonization, the Jewish view of him is one who is “impious.”[98]
March 12, 1941: Churchill met with Weizmann and reiterated his support for the eventual establishment of Jewish military units and a Jewish state in Palestine.[99]
March 12: 1942: The Nazis ordered 8,000 Jews from southern Polish town of Mielec to be at the train station. The next morning, as they gathered, 2,000 children and elderly were shot dead at the train station.[100]
March 12-April 20, 1942: Thirty thousand Jews are deported from Lublin to Belzec.[101]
March 12, 1943: Tonight is the night when Oskar Schindler changed his life, the life of his workers and history. Addressing his workers, he told them not to go home tonight. The Krakow ghetto, he said, would be liquidated the next day. Schindler had witnessed the killings and decided he must protect his laborers. He would build his own concentration camp as a satellite to Kraków-Plaszów, and his staff would compile the now famous list of workers he wanted transferred to his camp.[102]
March 12, 1945: According to some sources, this is the day Anne Frank died at Bergen Belsen two months before the liberation by British forces.[103]
March 12, 1947: Speaking as leader of the Loyal Opposition, Churchill attacks the Labor Party’s policy in Palestine attacking what he called “a senseless, squalid war with the Jews, in order to give Palestine to the Arab or God knows who.”[104]
March 12, 1947: A British corvette warned British troops that a large number of Jewish refugees on board the SS Susanna, were attempting to land on the southern coast of Palestine. British troops assisted by the local Arab population worked to intercept and arrest the refugees. The British reported that they had captured almost 900 people but 240 may have been Jewish citizens of Palestine.[105]
March 12, 1947: During a session of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry on Palestine, Auni Bey Abdulhadi described the “wartime associations of the Mufti of Jerusalem…with Hitler and Mussolini.”[106]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
1. [4] ^ for example ESV
2. ^ Carol L. Meyers Haggai, Zechariah 1-8 Vol.25B The Anchor Yale Bible Commentaries 1987
3. ^ Meyers, op.cit.
4. ^ United Foreign Missionary Society (1825). American missionary register. J. & J. Harper. p. 280. http://books.google.com/books?id=icIZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA280. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
[5] [5] The Anchor Atlas of World History Vol. 1, From the Stone Age to the Eve of the French Revolution, 1974, pg. 21.
[6] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[7] History of the World in Two Hours, H2, 10/3/2011
[8] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 28.
[9] www.cohen-levi.org
[10] Decoding the Past Mayan Doomsday Prophecy, HIST, 08/03/2006
[11] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[12] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[13] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[14] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[15] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[16] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[17] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[18] The Art Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[19] http://www.aaanativearts.com/ancient-indians/pre-columbian-timeline.htm
[20] Volo Bog, IL June 24, 2012
[21] Volo Bog IL, June 24, 2012
[22] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/08.html
[23] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/04.html
[24] Henschel’s Indian Museum, Elkhart Lake, WI July 23, 2011. Photo by Jeff Goodlove
[25] http://www.state.il.us/hpa/lib/ilchronology.htm
[26] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnalia
[27]Chain of Tradition-Kohanim through the Ages . DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004, pg 115.
[28] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[29] Great Turning Points in History, by Louis Snyder, page 1.
[30] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[31] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
1. [32] ^ a b (New Oxford Annotated Bible)
2. ^ a b c (Biblical Apocrypha)
3. ^ a b The Bible
4. ^ Anchor Bible Dictionary
5. ^ (Ezra 3:9; Josephus Ant. 11:121)
6. ^ (Josephus Ant. 11:121)
7. ^ (Ant. 11:121)
8. ^ (Ant. 11.5,5)
[33] The Time Tables of Jewish History, A chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 29.
[34] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1225.
[35] The Oriental Institute Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011.
[36] The Oriental Institute Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011.
[37] The Anchor Bible: Ezra-Nehemiah by Jacob M. Myers 1965. pgs. xxx-xxxi.
[38] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1185.
[39] Oriental Museum, University of Chicago, 12/20/2008. Photo by Jeff Goodlove
[40] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1219.
[41] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[42] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[43] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 11.
[44] [1] A History of God by Karen Armstrong, page132
[45] [2] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 65.
[46] [3] Islam: History, Society and Civilization, DISC 2/20/2004.
[47] [5] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine, page 174..
[48] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.
[49] Egypt: Land of the Gods, 4/2/2002
[50] Egypt: Land of the Gods, 4/2/2002
[51] www.wikipedia.org
[52] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 12
[53] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm
[54] The First Crusade by Steven Runciman, page 12
[55] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.
[56] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.
[57] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.
[58] The Changing Face of Anti-Semitism, from Ancient times to the Present Day, by Walter Laqueur, page 50.
[59] www.wikipedia.org
[60] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[61] mike@abcomputers.com
[62] www.wikipedia.org
[63] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[64] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 5-6.
[65] mike@abcomputers.com
[66] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Columbian_trans-oceanic_contact
[67] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[68] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888
[69] http://www.kolpack.com/packnet/prussia.html
[70] http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/08.html
[71] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[72] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 65.
[73] The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799
Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers. Published by the Society of the Colonial Dames of America. Edited by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton.--vol. 05
[74] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lord-dunmore-dispatches-note-of-inexpressible-mortification
[75] Title: Memoirs, Correspondence and Manuscripts of General Lafayette, Author: Lafayette
[76] That Dark and Bloody River
[77] http://www.thelittlelist.net/coatocus.htm
[78] http://www.thelittlelist.net/coatocus.htm
[79] http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm
[80] http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm
[81] (Harrison County Deed Bk. 1, p. 646) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[82] (Harrison County Deed Bk. 1, p. 825) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[83] (Houck, v. 2, p. 125) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[84] (Houck, V. 3, p. 83) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[85] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/harrbios/battealHarr3466VA.htm
[86] Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
[87] President Lincoln appoints Grant as general-in-chief of all the Federal armies. William T. Sherman succeeds Grant as commander in the West.
http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/
[88]March 12, 1864: One of the biggest military fiascos of the war begins as a combined Union force of infantry and riverboats begins moving up the Red River in Louisiana. The month-long campaign was poorly managed and achieved none of the objectives set forth by Union commanders.
The campaign had several strategic goals. The Union hoped to capture everything along the Red River in Louisiana and continue into Texas. President Lincoln hoped to send a symbolic warning to France, which had set up a puppet government in Mexico and seemed to have designs on territorial expansion. Finally, the expedition could also capture cotton-producing regions, a product in short supply in the North.
The plan called for Admiral David Dixon Porter to take a flotilla of 20 gunboats up the Red River while General Nathaniel Banks led 27,000 men along the western shore of the river. Porter's squadron entered the river on March 12. Two days later, Fort Derussy fell to the Yankees and the ships moved upriver and captured Alexandria. So far, the expedition was going well, but Banks was moving too slowly. He arrived two weeks after Porter took Alexandria, and he continued to plod towards Shreveport. Banks traveled nearly 20 miles from the Red River, too far for the gunboats to offer any protection. On April 8, Banks' command was attacked and routed by General Richard Taylor, son of former president Zachary Taylor. They fought again the next day, but this time the Yankees held off the Rebel pursuit.
The intimidated Banks elected to retreat back down the river before reaching Shreveport. Porter's ships followed, but the Red River was unusually low and the ships were stuck above some rapids near Alexandria. It appeared that the ships would have to be destroyed to keep them from falling into Confederate hands, but Lt. Colonel Joseph Bailey of Wisconsin, an engineer with a logging background, supervised several thousand soldiers in constructing a series of wing dams that raised the water level enough for the ships to pass. The expedition was deemed a failure--it drew Union strength away from other parts of the South and the group never reached Texas. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/red-river-campaign-begins
[89] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove
[90] History of the Nineteenth Army Corps by Richard B. Irwin, 1892
[91] Historical Data Systems, comp,. American Civil War Soldiers [database on-line], Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 1999.)
[92] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
[93] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[94] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
• [95] Adolf Eichmann: Hitler’s Master of Death.
• 1998. HISTI
[96] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[97] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germany-annexes-austria
[98] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[99] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[100] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[101] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1770.
[102] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[103] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[104] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[105] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[106] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
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