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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
Birthdays on June 20, 2014
Martha A. Armstrong
MCKEE
Cynthia A. Craig Godsell
Benjamin Dawson
Sarah A. Douglas H. Wilman
Albert R. MEYER
Timothy A. Rosh
Chris Sauer
William Vance
Larry L. Williams
June 20, 1567: Jews were expelled from Brazil by order of Regent Don Henrique.[1]
June 20, 1571: La Mothe Fenelon endeavoured to intercede with Elizabeth in favour of the Bishop of Ross, on the part of Charles IX ; but the queen expressed her astonishment that any prince calling himself her ally could interest himself for a man who had sought to introduce foreign troops into her kingdom^ and to excite against her a part of her subjects. [2]
June 20, 1585: The Earl of Northumberland is murdered in his prison in the Tower of London. [3]
June 20, 1652: During the reign of Mehemed IV, Tarhoncu Ahmet Paşa was appointed grand vezir of the Ottoman Empire. During Pasa’s time of service, Mehmemed Jews fleeing the Chmielnitzki Uprising were encouraged to settle on the banks of the Danube in Morea, Kavala, Istanbul and Salonica.[4]
June 20 and 21st 1755:
Description: http://www.thelittlelist.net/bearcampbraddockssixth.jpg
Bear Camp (Braddock's 6th Camp). US 40 in MD, one-half mile east of the PA state line. "Bear Camp. General Braddock's 6th camp on the march to Fort Duquesne Saturday and Sunday June 20th and 21st, 1755. Washington was forced to remain behind with a guard on account of 'violent fevers' until cured by 'Dr. James's Powders (one of the most excellent medicines in the world),' he wrote his brother Augustine. MD State Roads Commission.. Enlarged Bear Camp photo. [5]
June 20th 1756
FROM CAPTAIN ROBERT STEWART.[6]
MAIDSTONE June 20th 1756
Sir/
I last night night had the pleasure of receiving your favours of Yesterday and am glad you are safely return’d. The Spirrit of Desertion was of late so prevalent here, that I once dreaded no other expedient than Hanging or shooting could affectually crush it. One Rollins who keeps a little tippling House here is in some measure the cause of that infamous and pernicious practice when I first arrived here I sent a Serjeant to him desiring him at his Perril not to sell Liquor to the Soldiers, this he paid no regard to, I then went to him and told him the terrible consequences of hurting the Service by making the Soldiers Drunk especially at such a Juncture but he still parsevered, I then plac’d a Centary on at each of his Doors with orders not to suffer a man of the Detachment to go in the House, but most of the Centrys were corrupted by his giving them liquor for liberty to supply others. I applied to Capt Caton for redress the only Civil Magistrate in this Neighbourhood, he promised but put it off I renew’d my Application again and again at last I assured him that unless he would immediately take cognizance of this affair that I would complain of him to the Governor. Caton at length vouchsafed to have it tried, and when the allegations were plainly proven against Rollins by several of those who had been severely punished for Drunkeness and irregularity he granted a Supress Warrant to prevent his selling any more till the following Court, when he said his License would be taken from him however Rollins depended on the great Friendship Caton had for him and continued his Malicious Practices. We had daily Court Martials & constant punisments thro’ the means of this Scoundrel which made me almost mad I sometimes thought of confining Rollins in the Guard House, and taking all his Liquors from him, but to put it °,~ of their power to complain of illegal proceedings WC~ the generality of people are apt to do of our Officers when without any foundation I once more applied to Caton he then truly told me that the Supress Warrant he had granted against Rollins was of no use unless it was sign’d by two Magistrates. I then immediately wrote to Capt Swearingen informing him of the affair, but had no answer Ensign Crawford then went to his House. he came up here in a few days after but Caton was out of the way, thro’ Catons neglect of this affair to call it no worse Rollins and the Soldiers always found some new method of getting the better of every precaution I could think of to prevent their getting drunk notwithstanding of the severe punishments that were almost daily inflicted which and the want of Clothes & necessaries first gave rise to the Hellish Spirrit of Desertion.
By the Inclosed Letter you have an instance of the part Caton Acted (before I came here) notwithstanding of his pretended regard to his Country’s welfare I would be extreemly glad you would apply to My Lord to have Rollin’s License taken from him and to the Governor that he would order Caton’s Conduct as a Justice of the peace to be enquired into If Rollins goes on with impunity it will be an encouragement to other such Scoundrels to follow his example and the Soldiery will at last begin to believe that their Officers can• never effectually suppress -such disturbers of orders and discipline to maintain which in the strictest sense you will at meeting see by the orders I have given and the care I have taken to see them executed that nothing in my power has been wanting I have 6 Deserters now in Irons & will be glad of your orders about them. One of them repented and help’d to discover and apprehend the others Inclosed you have a return of the Detachment I had many Sick but I have got an Hospital made and has a nurse by which means several are got well & the rest recovering
Its two weeks to Morrow since Governor Sharpe came up here, he Honour’d us with a short Visit but did not offer to give any orders or so much as view our Intrenchment, he set out immediately for the North Mountain where he now is & preposes to remain for some Weeks, to expedite the construction of a Fort which they say is to be a strong regular & to Mount a quantity of Ordinance the Ground mark’d out for it is 14 Miles distant from the mouth of the Creek1 I can’t learn that Maryland is to Build any other and they are to have but two Companys Commanded by Capt Dagworthy[7] & Bell for the defence of the Province to be supported till next December. they have only a Corperal and 6 Men at the Mouth of the Creek nor do I understand that they are to have any Garrison there
Yesterday one Morgan from Pennsylvania inform’d us that on Munday last one of the Forts on the Fronteer of that Province had surrender’d to a large Body of the Enemy — As the Axes &c. you order’d did not arrive and as I was oblig’d to return the few I had borrowed, and was uncertain of remaining here any time did not attempt adding anything to the Strength of the place since you went down the Country. However I think I can do pretty. well for double our Number of the Enemy if they only bring Musquetry against me — Inclosed is return of all the
provision now on hand theres about 12000 Flower in a House of Col Cressop’s which his Wife has positively denied delivering. I hope for your Orders soon & am with great respect
Sir
Your Most Obedt.
Humb Servt
ROBERT STEWART[8]
June 20, 1757: In a June 20, 1757 letter to Colonel Stanwix, written from Fort Loudon, George Washington wrote ―To any person, in the least degree acquainted with the mountainous country about our settlements, it is clear, that the French can bring artillery along no other road, than that from Fort Duquesne to Fort Cumberland, without spending immense time in mending one.‖
· To facilitate Braddock‘s expedition, Lieutenant Spendelow had to scout out a feasible
route, and construct a last minute road up the east side of Wills Creek through the
Narrows. This means that there was no suitable existing wagon road up along either side of Wills Creek at the time, even though a recent trail of some sort already existed. No
evidence has surfaced to suggest that the route along Wills Creek and Jennings Run was
anything more than a packer‘s trail in the pre-1755 time period.[9]
June 20, 1757: The Indians‘ concept of a ―road‖ was different from that of the Europeans. What the
Indians might call a ―road‖ was what Europeans would call a ―trail‖ or a ―path‖. In a
June 20, 1757 letter to Colonel Stanwix, written from Fort Loudon, George Washington
wrote ―…a blazed path in the eyes of an Indian is a large road; for he does not
distinguish, without a close inspection, between a track which will admit of carriages,
and a road sufficient for Indians to march in.‖[10]
June 20, 1757: In Kameiek (Podolia), the Frankists, calling themselves Zoharists, decided to wage war against the Talmud. They contacted the local bishop, Dembovsky, and convinced him to arrange a disputation. Naturally, the Talmud was condemned and thousands of copies were burned. The Frankists then became practicing Christians. The Frankists were Jews who were followers of Jacob Frank who had proclaimed himself the Messiah.[11]
June 20, 1768: The third of the Haidamack uprisings called Koliyivschyna began. During the uprising an estimated 50,000 Ukrainian Jews were murdered by the Cossacks. “The Haidmamaks were gangs of Cossacks, who along with their peasant allies robbed traveling merchants and plundered the towns and villages in the Ukraine. They saw themselves as heirs to Khmelnitski. The Khmelnitski were the Cossacks who slaughtered Jews and Poles in wholesale lots in the middle of the 17th century. Both of these murderous slaughters were part of the drift into degradation that became the lot of increasing numbers of Eastern European Jews. This drift into degradation brought about numerous responses on the part of the Jews ranging from mysticism and messianicism to the Haskalah and immigration to Western Europe and eventually to the New World.[12]
June 20, 1771: Besides the surveys for the Virginia Regiment, Crawford apparently brought GW a personal survey for a 515-acre tract on the Ohio near Captina Creek (survey, June 20, 1771, DLC:GW).
June 20, 1774: In the meantime, Capt. Cresap and George Rogers Clark, upon their retirement from Wheeling by way of Catfish Camp to Redstone Old Fort, had proceeded from the latter place eastward, Clark going to Winchester, Va., and Cresap to Old Town, Md., where he had left his family, and where his father lived. There he at once commenced raising a company of men for the purpose of taking part in the Indian hostilities which he knew must follow the occurrences on the Ohio. They sent a messenger to Lord Dunmore at Williamsburg, Va., notifying him of the situation of affairs; and an express was also sent to the Governor by Connolly from Pittsburgh, informing him of the events which had occurred upon the frontier, and the necessity of immediate preparations for an Indian war, among which necessary preparations he suggested the propriety of sending a force to Wheeling to erect a fort there. Upon receipt of this communication Dunmore sent messengers to the settlers who had already gone forward to Kentucky, notifying them to return at once for their own safety, and on the 20th of June (June 20) he wrote Connolly at Pittsburgh, approving his plan of building a fort at Wheeling, and of carrying war into the Indian country; also directing him to keep in communication with Col. Andrew Lewis, who was then in command of Virginia troops on the Kanawa and New Rivers; also advising him to send Capt. William Crawford with what men could be spared to cooperate with Col. Lewis, "or to strike a stroke himself, if he thinks he can do it with safety." "I know him," said Dunmore, "to be prudent, active, and resolute, and therefore very fit to go on such an Expedition; and if anything of that kind can be effected, the sooner 'tis done the better. I would recommend it to all Officers going out on Parties to make as many Prisoners as they can of Women and Children, and should you be so fortunate as to reduce those Savages to sue for Peace, I would not grant it to them on any Terms till they were effectually chastised for their Insolence, and then on no Terms without bring in six of Their Heads as Hostages for their future good behavior, and these to be relieved annually, and that they Trade with us [Virginians] only for what they want." [13]
Williamsburg, June 20th, 1774
Lord Dunmore to Capt. John Connolly
Entirely approves of plan of building fort at Wheeling, and of marching to Shawnee towns, if he has sufficient force. Hopes he will prevail on well affected Delawares and Mingo to remove from the Shawnee. Necessary for Connolly to remain at Fort Dunmore, Capt. William Crawford, a prudent, resolute officer, may be sent to co-operate with Lewis, or to strike a stroke himself. Recommends making prisoners of Indian women and children, and that no terms be given unless six hostages are furnished.[14]
DUNMORE'S WAR
PRIMARY DOCUMENTS
Lord Dunmore to Captain John Conolly.
Williamsburg, June 20, 1774.
From American Archives, 4th series, 1:473.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sir: I have received your letter of the 8th instant, by express. I am sorry to hear of the murders committed by the Indians, but hope the prudent steps you have taken, will put a stop to further cruelties of that kind. I entirely approve of the measure you have taken of building a fort at Wheeling, and alos of marching into the Shawanese Towns, if you think you have a sufficient force; and I desire you will keep a constant correspondence with Colonel Andrew Lewis, that you may co-operate in such measures as may be thought effectual. I hope you will prevail on the Delawares, and the well affected part of the Mingoes, to move off from the Shawanese.
It is highly necessary that you continue at Fort Dunmore, and I think therefore, that you could not do better than send Captain William Crawford with what men you can spare to join him, and to co- operate with Colonel Lewis, or to strike a stroke himself, if he thinks he can do it with safety. I know him to be prudent, active, and resolute, and therefore very fit to go on such an expedition, and if any thing of that kind can be effected, the sooner it is done the better. I refer you to my letter by Captain Penticost, by whom I sent you some blank commissions.
I would recommend it to all officers going out on parties to make as many prisoners as they can of women and children; and should you be so fortunate as to reduce those savages to sue for peace, I would not grant it to them on any terms, till they were effectually chastised for their insolence, and then on no terms, without bringing in six of their heads as hostages for their future good behaviour, and these to be relieved annually, and that they trade with us only for what they may want. I am, &c.,
Dunmore
DUNMORE'S WAR
PRIMARY DOCUMENTS
Lord Dunmore to Captain John Conolly.
Williamsburg, June 20, 1774.
From American Archives, 4th series, 1:473.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sir: I have received your letter of the 8th instant, by express. I am sorry to hear of the murders committed by the Indians, but hope the prudent steps you have taken, will put a stop to further cruelties of that kind. I entirely approve of the measure you have taken of building a fort at Wheeling, and alos of marching into the Shawanese Towns, if you think you have a sufficient force; and I desire you will keep a constant correspondence with Colonel Andrew Lewis, that you may co-operate in such measures as may be thought effectual. I hope you will prevail on the Delawares, and the well affected part of the Mingoes, to move off from the Shawanese.
It is highly necessary that you continue at Fort Dunmore, and I think therefore, that you could not do better than send Captain William Crawford with what men you can spare to join him, and to co- operate with Colonel Lewis, or to strike a stroke himself, if he thinks he can do it with safety. I know him to be prudent, active, and resolute, and therefore very fit to go on such an expedition, and if any thing of that kind can be effected, the sooner it is done the better. I refer you to my letter by Captain Penticost, by whom I sent you some blank commissions.
I would recommend it to all officers going out on parties to make as many prisoners as they can of women and children; and should you be so fortunate as to reduce those savages to sue for peace, I would not grant it to them on any terms, till they were effectually chastised for their insolence, and then on no terms, without bringing in six of their heads as hostages for their future good behaviour, and these to be relieved annually, and that they trade with us only for what they may want. I am, &c.,
Dunmore[15]
June 20, 1775: Thomas Jefferson
Portrait of Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale.
3rd President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809
Vice President
Aaron Burr
George Clinton
Preceded by
John Adams
Succeeded by
James Madison
2nd Vice President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
President
John Adams
Preceded by
John Adams
Succeeded by
Aaron Burr
1st United States Secretary of State
In office
March 22, 1790 – December 31, 1793
President
George Washington
Preceded by
John Jay (Acting)
Succeeded by
Edmund Randolph
United States Minister to France
In office
May 17, 1785 – September 26, 1789
Appointed by
Congress of the Confederation
Preceded by
Benjamin Franklin
Succeeded by
William Short
Delegate to the
Congress of the Confederation
from Virginia
In office
November 3, 1783 – May 7, 1784
Preceded by
James Madison
Succeeded by
Richard Henry Lee
2nd Governor of Virginia
In office
June 1, 1779 – June 3, 1781
Preceded by
Patrick Henry
Succeeded by
William Fleming
Delegate to the
Second Continental Congress
from Virginia
In office
June 20, 1775 – September 26, 1776
Preceded by
George Washington
Succeeded by
John Harvie
[16]
June 20, 1775: Thomas Jefferson handled many cases as a lawyer in colonial Virginia, and was very active from 1768 to 1773.[40] Jefferson's client list included members of the Virginia's elite families, including members of his mother's family, the Randolphs.[40]
Beside practicing law, Jefferson represented Albemarle County in the Virginia House of Burgesses beginning on May 11, 1769 and ending June 20, 1775.[41] His friend and mentor George Wythe served at the same time. Following the passage of the Coercive Acts by the British Parliament in 1774, Jefferson wrote a set of resolutions against the acts, which were expanded into A Summary View of the Rights of British America, his first published work. Previous criticism of the Coercive Acts had focused on legal and constitutional issues, but Jefferson offered the radical notion that the colonists had the natural right to govern themselves.[42] Jefferson argued that Parliament was the legislature of Great Britain only, and had no legislative authority in the colonies. The paper was intended to serve as instructions for the Virginia delegation of the First Continental Congress, but Jefferson's ideas proved to be too radical for that body.[citation needed] [17]
“June 20, 1777: - The munitions wagons with the pontoons and flat boats went to Amboy under the escort of the 31st, 38th, and 52nd Regiments, and the 17th Dragoon Regiment. All the sick were escorted to Brunswick in order to sail to Amboy on the ships lying there. [18]
June 20, 1779: Battle of Stono Ferry - [19]
June 20, 1780: Battle of Ramsour's Mill - [20]
June 20, 1781: Crawford, John. Enlisted in Captain Stephenson's company in 1775. May have been a nephew of Captain Stephenson. Re-enlisted as a sergeant in Captain Shepherd's company in 1776. Was taken prisoner and soon exchanged. In 1782 we again hear of John Crawford, who was with his father, Col. William Crawford, on the ill-fated expedition against the Indians in that year. John escaped and reached home on the 20th of June (June 20).[21]
June 20, 1782: Thomas Ravenscroft was born about 1750, and brought up in the family of Col. William Crawford. His first military service was in Dunmore’s army in 1774; the next year (1775) he enlisted in Capt. John Stephenson’s company, and later joined the 13th Virginia under Colonel Russell. Discharged at the close of 1777 or early in 1778, he was out with Hand on this expedition, and in 1781 enlisted under Clark for service in an expedition to Detroit, with a commission as lieutenant. Clark’s expedition having been abandoned, Ravenscroft‘as employed in guarding the frontier. When out with Col. John Floyd in September 1781, he was captured and taken prisoner to Detroit—see original letter of Floyd, relating this event, in Draper MSS., 51J89. From Detroit he was sent down to Montreal and there (June 20, 1782) made his escape, but was shortly recaptured—see Canadian Archives. 1887, p. 307. At the close of the Revolution, Ravenscroft was exchanged and returned to Kentucky, where he married either the widow or daughter of Col. John Hinkston. He was living in Harrison County, Ky., as late as 1823.—ED.
June 20 to July 3, 1782
There are a great many white oaks, ash and hickory trees that grow among the beech timber; there are likewise some places on the ridge, perhaps for three or four continued miles where there is little or no beech, and in such spots, black, whiteoak, ash, and hickory abournd. Sugar trees grow there also to avery great bulk- the soil is remarkably good, the gourne a little ascending and descending with some small rivulets and a few springs. When I got out of the beech ridge and nearer the river Muskingum, the lands were more broken but equally rich with those before mentioned, and bouaning with brooks and springs of water; there are also several small creeks that empy into that river, the bed of which is more than a mile wide in many laces; the woods consist of white and black oad, walnut, hickory and suar trees in the greates abundance. In all parts of the country through which I came the game was very plenty, that is to day, deer, turkeys and pheasants; I likewise saw a great many vestiges of bears and some elks.
I crossed he river Muskingum about three or four miles below Fort Lawrence, and crossing all paths aimed for the Ohio river. All this time my food was gooseberries, young nettles, the juice of herbs, a few service berries, and some May apples, likewise two yound blackbirds and a terrapin, which I devoured raw. When my food sat heavy on my stomach, I used to eat a little wild ginger which put all to rights.
I came upon the Ohio river about five miles below Fort McIntosh, in the evening of the 21st day after I had made my escape….[22]
June 20, 1783 : Battle of Cuddalore - [23]
June 20, 1808: Birthdate of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, leading founder of what some call Modern Orthodox Judaism.[24]
June 20, 1823: In Germany, the government issued a decree “ordaining that Jewish services should be conducted exclusively in the German language and that the reading in Hebrew of sections of the Bible should be followed by their translation into the vernacular.”[25]
June 20, 1837: William IV
William IV.jpg
William IV, painted by Sir Martin Archer Shee, 1833
King of the United Kingdom (more...)
Reign
June 26,1830 – June 20, 1837
Coronation
September 8, 1831
Predecessor
George IV
Successor
Victoria
Prime Ministers
See list[show]
o Duke of Wellington
o Earl Grey
o Viscount Melbourne
o Robert Peel
King of Hanover
Reign
June 26, 1830 – June 20, 1837
Predecessor
George IV
Successor
Ernest Augustus I
Spouse
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
more...
Issue
Legitimate:
Princess Elizabeth of Clarence
Illegitimate:
•George FitzClarence, Earl of Munster
•Henry FitzClarence
•Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley
•Lady Mary Fox
•Lord Frederick FitzClarence
•Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll
•Lord Adolphus FitzClarence
•Lady Augusta Gordon
•Lord Augustus FitzClarence
•Amelia Cary, Viscountess Falkland
Full name
William Henry
House
House of Hanover
Father
George III
Mother
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Born
(1765-08-21)August 21, 1765
Buckingham House, London
Died
June 30, 1837(1837-06-20) (aged 71)
Windsor Castle, Berkshire
Burial
July 8, 1837
St George's Chapel, Windsor
Occupation
Military (Naval)
Signature
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/William_IV_Signature.svg/125px-William_IV_Signature.svg.png
William IV (William Henry; August 21, 1765 – June 20, 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover from June 26, 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III and younger brother and successor to George IV, was the last king and penultimate monarch of Britain's House of Hanover.
He served in the Royal Navy in his youth and was, both during his reign and afterwards, nicknamed the "Sailor King".[1][2] He served in North America and the Caribbean, but saw little actual fighting. Since his two older brothers died without leaving legitimate issue, he inherited the throne when he was 64 years old. His reign saw several reforms: the poor law was updated, child labour restricted, slavery abolished in nearly all the British Empire, and the Reform Act 1832 refashioned the British electoral system. Though William did not engage in politics as much as his brother or his father, he was the last monarch to appoint a Prime Minister contrary to the will of Parliament. Through his brother, the Viceroy of Hanover, he granted that kingdom a short-lived liberal constitution.
At the time of his death, William had no surviving legitimate children; however, he was survived by eight of the ten illegitimate children he had by the actress Dorothea Jordan, with whom he cohabited for 20 years. William was succeeded in the United Kingdom by his niece, Victoria, and in Hanover by his brother, Ernest Augustus I.
Queen Adelaide attended the dying William devotedly, not going to bed herself for more than ten days.[110] William IV died in the early hours of the morning of June 20, 1837 at Windsor Castle, where he was buried. As he had no living legitimate issue, the Crown of the United Kingdom passed to Princess Victoria of Kent, the only child of Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent, George III's fourth son. Under Salic Law, a woman could not rule Hanover, and so the Hanoverian Crown went to George III's fifth son, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. William's death thus ended the personal union of Britain and Hanover, which had persisted since 1714. The main beneficiaries of his will were his eight surviving children by Mrs. Jordan.[51] Although William IV is not the direct ancestor of the later monarchs of the United Kingdom, he has many notable descendants through his illegitimate family with Mrs. Jordan, including Prime Minister David Cameron,[111] TV presenter Adam Hart-Davis, author and statesman Duff Cooper,[112] and the Duke of Fife, who married Queen Victoria's granddaughter Louise.
Legacy[edit]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/King_William_IV._monument_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpg/170px-King_William_IV._monument_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpg
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf7/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
A statue of William IV in Göttingen, Germany
William's reign was short, but eventful. The ascendancy of the House of Commons and the corresponding decline of the House of Lords were marked by the Reform Crisis, during which the threat of flooding the Upper House with peers was used effectively for the first time by a ministry. The weakening of the House of Lords continued during the nineteenth century, and culminated during the twentieth century with the passage of the Parliament Act 1911. The same threat which had been used during the Reform Crisis—the threat to flood the House of Lords by creating several new peers—was used to procure its passage.
The reduction in the influence of the Crown was clearly indicated by the events of William's reign, especially the dismissal of the Melbourne ministry. The crisis relating to Melbourne's dismissal also indicated the reduction in the King's influence with the people. During the reign of George III, the King could have dismissed one ministry, appointed another, dissolved Parliament, and expected the people to vote in favour of the new administration. Such was the result of a dissolution in 1784, after the dismissal of the Fox-North Coalition, and 1807, after the dismissal of William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville. But when William IV dismissed the Melbourne ministry, the Tories under Sir Robert Peel were not able to win the ensuing elections. The King's ability to influence the opinion of the people, and therefore national policy, had been reduced. None of William's successors has attempted to remove a government or appoint another against the wishes of Parliament. William understood that as a constitutional monarch he was powerless to act against the opinion of Parliament. He said, "I have my view of things, and I tell them to my ministers. If they do not adopt them, I cannot help it. I have done my duty."[113]
During his reign great reforms were enacted by Parliament including the Factory Act, preventing child labour, the Abolition Act, emancipating slaves in the colonies, and the Poor Law, standardising provision for the destitute.[16] He attracted criticism from reformers, who felt that reform did not go far enough, and from reactionaries, who felt that reform went too far. The modern interpretation is that he failed to satisfy either political extreme by trying to find compromise between two bitterly opposed factions, but in the process proved himself more capable as a constitutional monarch than many had supposed.[114][115]
· June 26, 1830 – June 20, 1837: His Majesty The King
William's official style as King of the United Kingdom was "William the Fourth, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith". He was the first king of the United Kingdom named William, though there were three previous kings of England called William and two of Scotland.
His style in Hanover was "William the Fourth, by the Grace of God, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, etc., and also King of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, etc."
Honours[edit]
British Honours
· KT: Knight of the Thistle, 1770
· KG: Knight of the Garter, 1782
Arms[edit]
As a son of the sovereign, William was granted the use of the royal arms (without the electoral inescutcheon in the Hanoverian quarter) in 1781, differenced by a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing a cross gules, the outer points each bearing an anchor azure.[116] In 1801 his arms altered with the royal arms, however the marks of difference remained the same.
As king his arms were those of his two kingdoms, the United Kingdom and Hanover, superimposed: Quarterly, I and IV Gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England); II Or a lion rampant rampant within a tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland); overall an escutcheon tierced per pale and per chevron (for Hanover), I Gules two lions passant guardant Or (for Brunswick), II Or a semy of hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (for Lüneburg), III Gules a horse courant Argent (for Westphalia), overall an inescutcheon Gules charged with the crown of Charlemagne Or, the whole escutcheon surmounted by a crown.[117]
See adjacent text
Coat of Arms from 1801 to 1830 as Duke of Clarence
See adjacent text
Coat of arms of King William IV
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%281816-1837%29.svg/196px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%281816-1837%29.svg.png
Coat of arms of King William IV (in Scotland)
William IV of the United Kingdom
House of Hanover
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Born: August 21, 1765 Died: June 20, 1837
Regnal titles
Preceded by
George IV
King of the United Kingdom
June 26, 1830 – June 20, 1837
Succeeded by
Victoria
King of Hanover
June 26, 1830 – June 20, 1837
Succeeded by
Ernest Augustus I
•[26]
·
· June 20, 1837: A widow with two children, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was the daughter of Duke Franz Friedrich of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and sister of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld husband of the recently deceased Princess Charlotte. The new Duchess of Kent's first husband was Emich Carl, 2nd Prince of Leiningen, with whom she had two children: a son Carl and a daughter Feodora.[citation needed]
· They had one child, Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent ( May 24, 1819 – January 22,1901), who became Queen Victoria on June 20, 1837. The Duke took great pride in his daughter, telling his friends to look at her well, for she would be Queen of England[7] and bringing the infant to a military review[when?], to the outrage of the Prince Regent, who demanded to know what place the child had there.[citation needed][27]
June 20, 1837:
On William IV's death, and her accession aged 18 years: Tuesday,
June 20 1837 at Kensington Palace
I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me that the Archbishop of
Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here, and wished to see me. I got out
of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing-gown), and alone,
and saw them. Lord Conyngham (the Lord Chamberlain) then acquainted me
that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes
past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen. Lord Conyngham
knelt down and kissed my hand, at the same time delivering to me the official
announcement of the poor King's demise. The Archbishop then told me that
the Queen was desirous that he should come and tell me the details of the
last moments of my poor, good Uncle; he said that he had directed his mind to
religion, and had died in a perfectly happy, quiet state of mind, and was quite
prepared for his death. He added that the King's sufferings at the last were not
very great but that there was a good deal of uneasiness. Lord Conyngham,
whom I charged to express my feelings of condolence and sorrow to the poor
Queen, returned directly to Windsor. I then went to my room and dressed.
Since it has pleased Providence to place me in this station, I shall do my
utmost to fulfil my duty towards my country; I am very young and perhaps in
many, though not in all things, inexperienced, but I am sure, that very few
have more real good will and more real desire to do what is fit and right than I
have ...
At 9 came Lord Melbourne, whom I saw in my room, and of COURSE quite
ALONE as I shall always do all my Ministers. He kissed my hand and I then
acquainted him that it had long been my intention to retain him and the rest of
the present Ministry at the head of affairs, and that it could not be in better
hands than his ... He then read to me the Declaration which I was to read to
the Council, which he wrote himself and which is a very fine one. I then talked
with him some little longer time after which he left me ... I like him very much
and feel confidence in him. He is a very straightforward, honest, clever and
good man. I then wrote a letter to the Queen ...
At about half past 11 I went downstairs and held a Council in the red saloon. I
went in of course quite alone, and remained seated the whole time. My two
Uncles, the Dukes of Cumberland (who now succeeded William IV as King of
Hanover) and Sussex, and Lord Melbourne conducted me. The declaration,
the various forms, the swearing in of the Privy Councillors of which there were
a great number present, and the reception of some of the Lords of Council,
previous to the Council in an adjacent room (likewise alone) I subjoin here. I
was not at all nervous and had the satisfaction of hearing that people were
satisfied with what I had done and how I had done it.
Receiving after this, Audiences of Lord Melbourne, Lord John Russell, Lord
Albemarle (Master of the Horse), and the Archbishop of Canterbury, all in my
room and alone. Saw Stockmar (friend and counsellor to Queen Victoria and
Prince Albert). Saw Clark, whom I named my Physician ... Saw Ernest
Hohenlohe who brought me a kind and very feeling letter from the poor
Queen. I feel very much for her, and really feel that the poor good King was
always so kind personally to me, that I should be ungrateful were I not to
recollect it and feel grieved at his death. The poor Queen is wonderfully
composed now, I hear.
Wrote my journal. Took my dinner upstairs alone. Went downstairs. Saw
Stockmar. At about 20 minutes to 9 came Lord Melbourne and remained till
near 10. I had a very important and very comfortable conversation with him ...
Went down and said good-night to Mamma etc.[28]
Queen Victoria
Victoria
Photograph of Queen Victoria, 1882
Victoria wearing her small diamond crown
Photograph by Alexander Bassano, 1882
Queen of the United Kingdom
Reign
June 20, 1837
January 22, 1901
Coronation
June 28, 1838
Predecessor
William IV
Successor
Edward VII
Prime Ministers
See list
Empress of India
Reign
May 1, 1876 –
January 22, 1901
Imperial Durbar
January 1, 1877
Predecessor
Title created
Successor
Edward VII
Viceroys
See list
Spouse
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Detail
Issue
· Victoria, Princess Royal, German Empress
· Edward VII
· Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse
· Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
· Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
· Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
· Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught
· Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
· Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg
Full name
Alexandrina Victoria
House
House of Hanover
Father
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
Mother
Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Born
(1819-05-24)May 24, 1819
Kensington Palace, London
Died
January 22, 1901(1901-01-22) (aged 81)
Osborne House, Isle of Wight
Burial
February 4, 1901
Frogmore, Windsor
Signature
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Queen_Victoria_Signature.svg/125px-Queen_Victoria_Signature.svg.png
Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; May 24, 1819 – January 22, 1901) was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from June 20, 1837 until her death. From May 1, 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India.
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne at the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died leaving no legitimate, surviving children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the Sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments. Publicly, she became a national icon, and was identified with strict standards of personal morality.
Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.
Her reign of 63 years and seven months, which is longer than that of any other British monarch and the longest of any female monarch in history, is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover. Her son and successor, Edward VII, belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the line of his father.
Birth and family
Victoria aged 4
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf12/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Victoria, aged four
Painting by Stephen Poyntz Denning, 1823
Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis in the United Kingdom that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. In 1818, the Duke married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a German princess whose brother Leopold was the widower of Princess Charlotte.
Victoria turned 18 on May 24, 1837, and a regency was avoided. On June 20, 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen."[33] Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.[34]
Since 1714, Britain had shared a monarch with Hanover in Germany, but under Salic law women were excluded from the Hanoverian succession. While Victoria inherited all the British dominions, Hanover passed instead to her father's younger brother, her unpopular uncle the Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, who became King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover. He was her heir presumptive until she had a child.[35]
Titles, styles, and arms
Titles and styles
· May 24, 1819 – June 20, 1837: Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent
· June 20, 1837 – January 22, 1901: Her Majesty The Queen
· May 1, 1876 – January 22, 1901: Her Imperial Majesty The Queen-Empress
At the end of her reign, the Queen's full style and title were: "Her Majesty Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, Empress of India."[222]
Arms
Main article: Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
Before her accession, Victoria received no grant of arms. As she could not succeed to the throne of Hanover, her arms as Sovereign did not carry the Hanoverian symbols that were used by her predecessors. Her arms have been borne by all of her successors on the throne, including the present Queen.
Outside Scotland, the shield of Victoria's coat of arms—also used on her Royal Standard—was: Quarterly: I and IV, Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or (for England); II, Or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III, Azure, a harp Or stringed Argent (for Ireland). Within Scotland, the first and fourth quarters are occupied by the Scottish lion, and the second by the English lions. The Lion and the Unicorn supporters also differ between Scotland and the rest of the United Kingdom.[223]
See adjacent text
Royal arms (outside Scotland)
See adjacent text
Royal arms in Scotland
Regnal titles
Preceded by
William IV
Queen of the United Kingdom
June 20, 1837 – January 22, 1901
British royalty
Preceded by
Prince William, Duke of Clarence
Heir to the throne
as heiress presumptive
June 26, 1830 – June 20, 1837
Succeeded by
Ernest Augustus I of Hanover
· [29]
June 20, 1837: Victoria came to the throne aged just eighteen on June 20, 1837. Her letters of the time show interest in Albert's education for the role he would have to play, although she resisted attempts to rush her into marriage.[18] [30]
· June 20, 1837: Ernest Augustus I
Ernest Augustus I of Hanover.PNG
Portrait by George Dawe, 1828
King of Hanover
Reign
June 20, 1837 – November 18, 1851
Predecessor
William IV
Successor
George V
Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
Tenure
April 23, 1799 – 18 November 1851
Successor
George V of Hanover
Spouse
Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Issue
George V of Hanover
House
House of Hanover
Father
George III
Mother
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Born
(1771-06-05)June 5, 1771
Buckingham House, London
Died
November 18, 1851(1851-11-18) (aged 80)
Hanover
Burial
Herrenhausen Gardens, Hanover
Signature
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover_Signature.svg/125px-Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover_Signature.svg.png
Ernest Augustus I (June 5, 1771 – November 18, 1851) was King of Hanover from June 20, 1837 until his death. He was the fifth son and eighth child of George III, who reigned in both the United Kingdom and Hanover. As a fifth son, initially Ernest seemed unlikely to become a monarch, but Salic Law, which barred women from the succession, applied in Hanover and none of his older brothers had legitimate male issue. Therefore, he became King of Hanover when his niece, Victoria, became Queen of the United Kingdom, ending the personal union between Britain and Hanover that had existed since 1714.
Ernest was born in England, but was sent to Hanover in his adolescence for his education and military training. While serving with Hanoverian forces in Wallonia against Revolutionary France, he received a disfiguring facial wound. In 1799, he was created Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale. Although his 1815 marriage to the twice-widowed Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz met with the disapproval of his mother, Queen Charlotte, it proved a happy relationship. By 1817, King George III had only one legitimate grandchild, Princess Charlotte of Wales, and when she died in childbirth, Ernest was the senior son to be both married and not estranged from his wife. This gave him some prospect of succeeding to the British throne. However, both of his unmarried older brothers quickly married, and King George's fourth son, Edward, Duke of Kent, fathered the eventual British heir, Princess Victoria of Kent (later Queen Victoria).
Ernest was active in the House of Lords, where he maintained an extremely conservative record. There were persistent allegations (reportedly spread by his political foes) that he had murdered his valet and had fathered a son by his sister, Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom. Before Victoria succeeded to the British Throne, it was rumoured that Ernest intended to murder her and take the Throne himself. When King William IV died on June 20, 1837, Ernest ascended the Hanoverian Throne. Hanover's first ruler to reside in the kingdom since George I, he had a generally successful fourteen-year reign, but excited controversy when he dismissed the Göttingen Seven (including the two Brothers Grimm) from their professorial positions for agitating against his policies.
King of Hanover (1837–1851)
Domestic affairs
Constitutional controversy
On June 20, 1837, King William died, and Princess Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. Ernest became the King of Hanover. [31]
June 20, 1863: States admitted to the Union , West Virginia – June 20, 1863 [32]
June 20, 1863: West Virginia joins the Union as the thirty fifth state.[33]
June 20, 1863: 18th Virginia Cavalry, ORGANIZATION
FIELD & STAFF
Field and staff officers of the regiment as
originally assigned were:
Colonel: George W. Imboden;
Lieutenant Colonel: David E. Beall;
Major: Alexander W. Monroe; Adjutant
John Cameron; A.C.S.
William Lock; Surgeon
George M. King; Assistant Surgeon
Charles A. Ware.
This staff remained, with only minor changes,
until near the very end of the war when
Colonel Imboden was wounded and
Surgeon King resigned.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The choice was clear: submit to the
Union or fight it was under these conditions that
Colonel, later General John D. Imboden organized
the ten companies of the 18th Virginia Cavalry.
The regiment was formed primarily by transferring
existing companies from the 1st Regiment Virginia
Partisan Rangers to the 18th Virginia Cavalry
as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st Regiment Virginia Partisan Rangers
became..18th Virginia Cavalry
•Company F.. became.. Company.. A
•Company G.. became.. Company.. B
•Company H.. became.. Company.. C
•Company M.. became.. Company.. D
•Company L.. became.. Company.. E
•Company N.. became.. Company.. F
•Company P.. became.. Company.. G
•Company Q.. became.. Company.. H
•Company D.. became.. Company.. I
•Company O.. became.. Company.. K
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
•Primary Counties of Origin...Company....Captain
•Randolph and Pendleton...A....William H. Taylor
•Hampshire and Hardy...B....George W. Stump
•Hampshire...C....Mathias Ginevan
•Warren and Shenandoah...D....Wesley Makely
•Hardy and Pendleton...E....Abel S. Scott
•Frederick and Hampshire...F....Robert B. Muse
•Bath, Highland, and Pocahontas...G....William D. Ervin
•Hardy and Hampshire...H....Francis M. Imboden
•Hampshire and Lewis...I....Jacob Warden
•Hampshire...K....John H. Piles
In addition to these primary counties of origin,
representatives from Jefferson, Upshur, Augusta,
Braxton, Rockingham, Albemarle, Webster,Tucker,
Barbour,Alexander,Rockbridge,and Alleghany
counties also served in the regiment.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BELOW YOU WILL FIND A MAP OF
THE AREA WERE THE
18TH. VRIGNIA CAVALRY WAS RECUITED FROM.
Description: MAP
Mon. June 20, 1864
Nothing of importance got orders to
move camp from Greenville [34]between Carrolton
and Orleans a pretty place
William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry[35]
June 20, 1864: Winans, David C. Age 19. Residence Springville, nativity Ohio. Enlisted August 7, 1862. Mustered September 3, 1862. Promoted Sixth Corporal June 20, 1864. Mustered out July 17, 1865, Savannah, Ga.[36]
June 20, 1864: Gregg, Eligah W. Age 30. Residence Springville, nativity Ohio. Enlisted August 9, 1862. Mustered September 3, 1862. Promoted Seventh Corporal June 20, 1864. Mustered out July 17, 1865, Savannah, Ga. [37]
Bundy, Josiah. Age 31. Residence Springville, nativity Ohio. Enlisted August 11, 1862. Mustered September 3, 1862. Promoted Fifth Corporal June 20, 1864. Taken prisoner October 19, 1864, Cedar Creek, Va. Mustered out May 25, 1865, Davenport, Iowa.
To Savannah June 20, 1865.[38]
Knowing that as soon as Savannah was reached the regiment could be mustered out, the 24th pushed hard on the return march, arriving on June 25. The 135 miles had been covered in six days, averaging over 20 miles per day. The enlisted men spent most of their time lounging around while the officers completed the muster out rolls. Five copies of the Muster Out Rolls and two copies of the Pay Rolls had to be completed.[39]
June 20, 1866: In 1862 Mr. Goodlove put his life on his country’s altar and enlisted in Co. 24, Iowa Infantry. Here as a private soldier he put his characteristic energy and faithfulness into his duties as a true patriot, which terminated in a broken health. About a year after the close of the war he sought the hand and heart of Sarah C. Pyle, and on June 20 1866, in Hastings, Minn. They plighted their faith to each other. To make glad their home six children came: Nettie, Oscar, Willis, Cora, Earl and Jessie. [40] In 1862, William enlisted in the service of the Union Army. During his term of service he kept a diary which is very interesting. After his discharge at Davenport, Iowa, he returned to his former home until he married Sarah Catherine Pyle, June 20,
1866, in Hastings, Minnesota[41]
June 20, 1887: In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on June 20, with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey.[169] By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular.[170] [42]
• June 20, 1942: “Captain Dannecker arrives at the camp Saturday morning at 8:45 AM. He tells my adjunct, Mr. Thibaudat, that 930 internees must be chosen within one hour and immediately prepared for departure on Monday.
• “This choice, in the absence of the Doctor and in such a limited time, b eing almost impossible, I went to the German officer and explained the reasons for which it was impossible to meet his demand. I ask him to trust me, permitting me to hold ready the 930 internees needed for this Monday morning at 6:00 AM.
• “Only one means remained at my disposal to obtain the required number and I informed you of this immediately when I saw you, explaining the situation, which was to take the least important war veterans. After a careful study of the situation, I was thus obliged to have Dr. Tisne designate others temporarily unfit and to add 150 war veterans, and thus was able to reach the number of 930, as requested by the occupying authorities.
• “I was even able to designate a small reserve of 15 internees who were also temporarily unfit, which have permitte me to face any last minute changes, which, I could be sure, would be requested of me.
• “On the 20th in the evening, I gave 5 copies of the list of 930 to Mr. Schweblin in person. [43]
June 20-October 9, 1942 : From Vienna, 13,776 Jews are deported to Theresienstadt.[44]
June 20, 1943: Except for a handful of workers, the Ternopol ghetto is liquidated and Jews are killed in and around the city.[45]
June 20, 1944: The attack groups didn't return to Task Force 16 until after nightfall. Much has been said of Marc Mitscher's decision to "turn on the lights" late June 20, 1944, the end of the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Mitscher commanded Hornet at Midway, and he may have later been inspired by Spruance's actions on June 5, 1942. Normally, warships operated in complete darkness at night: the glow of a cigarette was enough to alert a submarine to a ship's presence. But on this night, Spruance endeared himself to his aviators by ordering TF-16 to illuminate the ships, so the Dauntlesses could land. Enterprise recovered four more SBDs than it had launched. Five from Hornet landed on the Big E, while Hornet took in one Scouting Six bomber. There was not a single accident, though many of the pilots were not qualified for night landings. [46]
June 20, 1944
The Japanese lose 400 planes and 3 aircraft carriers as the Battle of the Philippine Sea ends, during World War II.[47]
June 20, 1962 Lee Harvey Oswald is befriended by Peter Paul Gregory, a petroleum
engineer teaching Russian language courses at the Fort Worth library. Gregory begins
introducing the Oswalds to his friends in the White Russian community in Dallas. Among them
is George de Mohrenschildt, who would later say that he first heard of Oswald through J.
Walton Moore in late 1961. Moore, of the CIA’s Domestic Contact Service in Dallas, described an
ex-Marine working in an electronics factory in Minsk who would soon return to the United
States. Moore said the CIA had an “interest” in Oswald. [48]
June 20, 1963 The United States and the Soviet Union sign an agreement in Geneva
establishing a telephone “hot line” for messages between their two heads of government.
Washington had proposed such a channel since early 1961 without success. The agreement
approves a wire-telegraph-teleprinter circuit leading through London, Copenhagen, Stockholm,
and Helsinki. Messages would be sent in code during crises when every second would count.
When the new hot line is tested, technicians in Moscow are baffled by the first message sent from
Washington: “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.” [49]
June 20, 1986: Bernice Nix15 [James W. Nix14, James Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. unk) married Plemer Fetner (b. December 20, 1912 in Randolph Co. AL / d. June 20, 1986 in La Grange, GA)/ [50]
June 20, 1998: Bedini, Silvio A.: "Conserving the Boundary Stones," Washington Post, p. A18 (June 20, 1998). [51]
May/June 2000: Bradley T. Lepper and Jeff Gill, "The Newark Holy Stones," Timeline (a publication of the Ohio Historical Society) vol. 17 no. 3 (May/June 2000): 16-25.
June 2002: An asteroid the size of football passed between the earth and the moon. About a third of the way to the moon. We didn’t even know it was there until it was already past us. If it would have landed in the Pacific it could have wiped out Southern California with a Tsunami.[52]
In June 2004, the Holy See announced that the Spanish Inquisition was really not as bad as it has been portrayed. Fewer witches were burned at the stake, its pronouncement read, and fewer heretics were tortured into conversion than had been previously thought. “Vatican Downsizes the Inquisition” was the headline in the New York Times. Burifying in 1998 turned to sanitizing in 2004.[53]
June 2005: Ross, Michael A. "The Commemoration of Robert E. Lee's Death and the Obstruction of Reconstruction in New Orleans," Civil War History, Volume 51#2 June 2005, pp. 135–150 doi:10.1353/cwh.2005.0032
June 2007: Hohlenstein-Stadel Cave
During the 1990s, the Hohlenstein-Stadel rock shelter in the Swabian Jura witnessed the discovery of another ancient figurine - The Lion Man of Hohlenstein-Stadel. Carved from mammoth ivory and standing 28 centimetres in height, this anthropomorphic sculpture is dated to the late Aurignacian culture, roughly 30,000 BCE.
Exhibition
Preliminary results from the Vogelherd excavation were presented at a special exhibition of ancient art at the Museum of Prehistory in Blaubeuren (June 2007 – January 2008). In 2009, the ivory carvings will be shown at the Stuttgart exhibition "Cultures and Art of the Ice Age." Further analysis and data can be seen in the article "Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art", by N. J. Conard, Nature 426, 830–832 (2003).
For more examples of European prehistoric art from this period, see the famous "Venus Figurines", like the Venus of Kostenky, created three years later, the Venus of Willendorf (eight years later) and the Brassempouy Venus (carved about a decade years later).
[54]
June 2010: Princess Anne
Princess Royal (more)
The Princess Royal.jpg
The Princess Royal in June 2010
Spouse
Mark Phillips
(m. 1973, div. 1992)
Sir Timothy Laurence
(m. 1992)
Issue
Peter Phillips
Zara Tindall
Full name
Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise[1]
House
House of Windsor
Father
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Mother
Elizabeth II
[55]
June 2010:
Fossil Forest
Fossil Forest Credit: Alexandre Guertin-Pasquier. A fossilized forest, one that lived between 2.6 million and 3 million years ago, in the Canadian Arctic, could thrive again, say scientists who suggest by 2100 the climate there would be warm enough to allow such growth. Here, Alexandre Guertin-Pasquier, of the University of Montreal, at the study site on Bylot Island in Nunavut, Canada, at the beginning of the fieldwork in June 2010.[56]
May/June 2011: Crowe, Cherilyn: "Stone Age," American Spirit, pp. 10-11 (May/June 2011). [57]
June 20, 2012: Earliest Record of Mating Fossil Vertebrates: Nine Pairs of Fossilized Turtles Died While Mating 47 Million Years Ago
ScienceDaily (June 20, 2012) — The fossil record consists mostly of the fragmentary remains of ancient animals and plants. But some finds can provide spectacular insights into the life and environment of ancient organisms. The Messel Fossil Pit, a UNESCO world heritage site south of Frankfurt in western Germany, is well known for yielding fossils of unusual quality, including early horses complete with embryos and insects and birds with fossilized colors.
In the latest edition of Biology Letters, a group of scientists lead by Dr. Walter Joyce of the University of Tübingen announces the discovery at Messel of nine pairs of fossilized turtles that perished in the act of mating. Dr. Joyce, a geoscientist from the University of Tübingen, heads the discovery team which includes researchers from the Senckenberg Research Institute Frankfurt and the Hessische Landesmuseum Darmstadt.
"Scientists have collected tens of thousands of fossils at this site in recent decades," notes co-author Dr. Stephan Schaal of the Senckenberg Naturmuseum in Frankfurt, "but only these turtles are known to occur in pairs, a total of nine so far." Detailed analysis of the fossil material revealed that each pair consists of a female and male individual. More importantly, even though the males typically face away from the females, the tail of some male individuals can be found wrapped under the shell of the female. "There is no doubt in my mind," says Dr. Joyce, "These animals died some 47 million years ago in the act of mating. No other vertebrates are known to have died during this important biological process and then been fossilized."
Most scientists agree that the Messel Pit Fossil Site originated as a deep volcanic crater lake that preserved animals and plants that sank to its bottom, but some questions remain, such as whether the lake had poisonous surface or only subsurface waters. Modern relatives of the fossil turtles found at Messel have permeable skin that allows them to breathe and stay under water for a long time. However, this adaptation can become lethal if these turtles enter poisonous waters. The very fact that turtles were seeking to reproduce at Messel reveals that the surface waters of the volcanic lake supported a thriving biotope. Numerous turtles apparently died, however, when they accidentally sank into poisonous sub-surface waters while mating.
http://images.sciencedaily.com/2012/06/120620113141.jpg
A pair of allaeochelyscrassesculpta from the Messel fossil pit. The turtles died 47 million years ago while mating. (Credit: Senckenberg Gesellschaft[58]
June 20, 2012: Once-Green Sahara Hosted Early African Dairy Farms[59]
•Colorful rock art of domesticated cattle decorates a wall at Wadi Imha in the Tadrart Acacus Mountains in the Libyan Sahara. Images like this reveal the importance of cattle to Neolithic African people.
Colorful rock art of domesticated …
•A closer look at Saharan rock art depicting domesticated cattle.
A closer look at Saharan rock art …
The sandy dunes of the Sahara may seem an unlikely place for a dairy farm, but about 7,000 years ago, herders tended and milked cattle in what is now desolate desert, new research shows.
About 10,000 years ago, the Sahara desert went through a phase called the Holocene African Humid Period. Fossilized bones show that by the sixth millennium B.C. (or about 7,000 years ago), cattle, sheep and goats roamed over green savanna, and rock art depicts cows with full udders. The occasional image even shows milking, said study researcher Julie Dunne, a doctoral student at the University of Bristol. But it's difficult to get a firm date for those images.
By analyzing pottery fragments, Dunne and her colleagues have now shown that these early herders were not only milking their livestock, but also processing that milk into products like yogurt, cheese and butter.
"The most exciting thing about this is that milk is one of the only foodstuffs that gives us carbohydrates, protein and fat," all in one substance, Dunne told LiveScience. "So it was incredibly beneficial for prehistoric people to use milk." [Top 10 Mysteries of the First Humans]
Saharan dairies
Dunne and her colleagues analyzed tiny fragments of pottery taken from the Takarkori rock shelter, a prehistoric dwelling in the Libyan Sahara. They ground up small pieces of the pottery, conducting chemical analyses to investigate the proteins and fats embedded in the shards. By doing so, the researchers could see what the pots once held.
They found evidence of a varied diet, with signs found for plant oils and animal fat. The most common fats were of animal origin, Dunne said, with some deriving from flesh and others from milk. The most dairy-fat rich pottery shards came from the same time periods when more cattle bones are found in the cave layers, the researchers reported today (June 20) in the journal Nature.
By looking at variations in the carbon molecules in these preserved fats, the researchers were able to get an idea of what kind of plants the cattle were eating. They found their diets varied between so-called C3, or woody plants, and C4 plants, which include grasses grains and dry-weather plants. (C3 and C4 refer to the type of photosynthesis these plants use.)
That fits with the archaeological understanding of this early herding civilization as moving between seasonal camps, Dunne said. [Album: Faces of a Threatened Tribe]
"It suggests that they were moving between summer and winter camps and eating different plants at one place than another, so this all ties together very nicely," she said.
Spread of milk and butter
No one has ever before looked for evidence of dairy farming in these herding tribes, Dunne said, but the new findings help explain how humans got their taste for milk. People first settled down to an agricultural lifestyle in the Near East about 8,000 or 9,000 years ago, she said. Soon after, they took up dairy farming. The milk habit then spread across Europe in fits and starts.
At the same time, though, people were also migrating from the Near East into what is now Egypt and other parts of Africa, Dunne said. This movement spread dairying to north Africans, who were previously settled hunter-gatherers and fishermen. As new immigrants moved in with cattle, these native people would have quickly seen the benefits of "marvelous big hunks of food on the hoof," Dunne said.
Humans had to evolve to match their new source of protein, however. Originally, mankind was lactose intolerant, meaning that milk drinking was an invitation for an upset stomach. Processing milk into yogurt and cheese would have helped, Dunne said, but humans also adapted: As dairying spread, so did genes that confer lactose tolerance.
"You're really seeing evolution in action over a very short timescale, just 1,000 to 2,000 years," Dunne said.
The researchers now plan to analyze more pottery samples from more northern African dwellings. The goal, Dunne said, is to get a better picture of how dairy — and cows — spread among the people of the continent.
Cattle "really played an enormous part in their ideology and their general day-to-day life," she said.[60]
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[3] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[4] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[5] http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm
[6] 1 Captain Robert Stewart, afterwards promoted Major, was engaged in the action on the Monongahela, and in August, 1755, was voted by the Virginia Assembly thanks, and a gratuity of £zoo for his gallant behavior. — BROCK. –
[7] Dagworthy. Captain John Dagworthy. A Maryland soldier holding a royal commission. In 1756 at Wills Creek (Fort Cumberland), Dagworthy refused to take orders from Colonel George Washington in that Washington’s commission was an appointment from Governor Dinwiddie of VA and therefore inferior to Dagworthy’s rank. In an effort to settle the dispute, George Washington asked Governor Dinwiddie to adjudicate the argument. Dinwiddie refused—he said Fort Cumberland was in MD and therefore out of his jurisdiction. Washington, along with Captains George Mercer and Robert Stewart, rode all the way to Boston to get approval from Governor Shirley; the ranking British authority in North America. Washington had previously been rebuked on the royal commission vs. militia commission back at Fort Necessity with Captain Mackay from South Carolina. Governor Horatio Sharpe of Maryland was appointed command of all forces from PA to SC by Governor Shirley. Sharpe appointed Dagworth as his aide-de-camp stationed at Annapolis. Colonel Stanwix in June 1757 wrote "the reason for my moving is the hearing of intelligence from Capt. Dagworthy, who commands at Fort Cumberland." Some sources cite the date of Dagworthy’s royal commission as 1758.
A letter from General Forbes to Lieutenant Colonel Bouquet dated August 28, 1758 reads, “Governor Sharp (Maryland) asked me to allow him to make Captain Dagworthy a Lt. Colonel of the Maryland troops—and he is accordingly appointed.”(VS)
Dagworthy served with distinction in the French and Indian War, but when the Revolutionary War came, George Washington failed to give him an important field assignment. The Continental Congress appointed Dagworthy as a brigadier general and gave him command of the Sussex County Militia (MD).
http://www.thelittlelist.net/dagtodut.htm
[8] Letters to Washington and Accompanyng Papers by Stanislaus Murry Hamilton Vol. 1 pgs. 280-283
[9] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, pages 95-96.
[10] IN Search of Turkey Foot Road, 96
[11] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[12] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[13] The following transcription was submitted by Gaylene Kerr of Houtson, TX for inclusion at the Genealogy in Washington in May 1999. Bibliographic Information:
History of Washington County, Pennsylvania With Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men, Boyd Crumrine, L. H. Everts & Co. (Philadelphia, 1882), Chapter VI., pp. 66–74.
[14] [Synopsis of letter of Lord Dunmore to Capt. John Connolly, in Amer. Archives, 4th series, I, p. 473.] pg. Dunmore’s War, 1774 by Reuben Gold Thwaits, and Louise Phelps Kellogg, 1905, pgs. 37-38.
[15] http://www.wvculture.org/history//dunmore/dunmore2.html
[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestry_of_Thomas_Jefferson
[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestry_of_Thomas_Jefferson
[18] Bardeleben, Enemy Views by Bruce Burgoyne, pgs. 155-157
[19]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[20]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[21] http://genealogytrails.com/wva/jefferson/revwar_bios.html
[22] Narrative of Dr. Knight.
[23]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[24] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[25] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[26] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom
[27] wikipedia
[28] HISTORIC ROYAL SPEECHES AND WRITINGS
The British Monarchy web site [http://www.royal.gov.uk]
[29] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom
[30] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort
[31] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover
[32] http://www.geni.com/people/Abraham-Lincoln/6000000002686627053
[33] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[34] Cavalry stables and water tank for the Union at Greenville Louisiana during Civil War
http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2FLHP&CISOPTR=1295&DMSCALE=100&DMWIDTH=600&DMHEIGHT=600&DMMODE=viewer&DMFULL=1&DMX=233&DMY=0&DMTEXT=&DMTHUMB=1&REC=10&DMROTATE=0&x=441&y=183
[35] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[36] http://iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logn/mil508.htm
[37] http://iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logn/mil508.htm
[38] UNION IOWA VOLUNTEERS, 24th Regiment, Iowa Infantry: http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/template.cfm?unitname=24th%20Regiment%2C%20Iowa%20Infantry&unitcode=UIA0024RI
[39] Lucas, Iowa Historical Record (July, 1902), pp. 546, 548. ( The History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 207.)
[40] Thanks for passing this along Linda!
[41] Linda Pedersen Papers
[42] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom
[43] Memorial des enfants deportes de France” de Serge Klarsfeld
[44] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1771.
[45] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1776
[46] http://www.cv6.org/1942/midway/midway_5.htm
[47] On this Day in America, by John Wagman.
[48] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[49] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[50] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[51] wikipedia
[52] Civilization Lost, H2/12/11/2011.
[53] Dogs of God, Columbus, the Inquisition, and the Defeat of the Moors, pg xix.
[54] http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/ivory-carvings-swabian-jura.htm
[55] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal
[56] http://www.livescience.com/23373-fossil-forest-arctic.html
[57] wikipedia
[58] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120620113141.htm
[59] By Stephanie Pappas, LiveScience Senior Writer | LiveScience.com – Wed, Jun 20, 2012
[60] http://news.yahoo.com/once-green-sahara-hosted-early-african-dairy-farms-171900354.html
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