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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
Birthdays on June 28…
Helen (---) Walenta
Barbara A. Armstrong Denn
Thomas K. Bowles
Deborah A. Brewer Johnson
Fern E. Brown Perius
Doris Channel Mckee
OLIVER Crawford
Fred Godlove
Edwin E. Heald
Henry VIII
Amy J. Jolliff
Samuel LeFevre
Russell P. Marugg
Elizabeth F. Miller McKinnon
Norman R. Sackett
Ronald D. Schoebel
June 28, 1491:
Family
King Henry VIII of England (June 28, 1491 - January 28, 1547)
[1]
June 28, 1539: the Six Articles and the penalties for failure to conform to them were enacted into law, and on June 28, received royal assent.[2] [2] Act of Six Articles were enacted shortly before the session ended on June 28. The Six Articles reaffirmed a traditional view of the Mass, the sacraments and the priesthood.[1] [3][4]
Queen Jane had died in 1537, less than two weeks after the birth of her only child, the future Edward VI.[5]
June 28, 1583: Next day, James VI issued a general pardon in favour of all those who formerly had dared to attack his liberty. The result of this was, that the majority of the guilty parties, headed by the Earl of Gowrie himself, immediately submitted.
About this time, the Duke of Anjou left Flanders for France, committing to Marshal Biron the command of the French troops which still remained in the territory of the States-General. [6]
In A.D. 1610 (June 28, 1610), the King signified, through the Privy Council, his approval of the act of the Bishop; and assembled the six principal out of the twelve Islanders in Edinburgh, on 28th June, to hear His Majesty's pleasure declared to them. these were the Macdonald of Dunyveg, the MacKinnon of Strathordel1, the Macdonald of Sleat, (Gorme), Vic Ian Macdonald, captain of Clanrana1d, the MacLean of Dowart, and the MacLeod of Harris, to whom was afterwards added, Cameron of Lochiel.[7]
In 1610, King James I of England colonized Ulster and the Crawfords[8] were among those settling in Donegal County, Ireland, in the precinct of Portlough. These Crawfords were relatives of Alexander Crawford of Kilbimie. One was John Crawford, a brother of Sir James Cunningham, a brother of the Crawford brother's mother, and his sons, John, James and Cuthbert Cunningham. Alexander MacAuley of Durling was Sir Auley MacAuley's son and Auley MacAuley was married to Margaret Crawford, sister of Alexander and John Crawford.
John Crawford who came to America in about 1643, was bom in Kilbemie, Ayshire, Scotland in 1600. He was killed during Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. He was a son of a cadet of the Kilbemie Crawfords and a grandson of the eleventh or thirteenth Earl of Crawford. He settled first in Jamestown, Virginia, with his son David. No mention is made of his wife and it is assumed that he was a widower. He later settled in St. Peter's Parish (later called St. Paul's) in New Kent County, Virginia. He was living in Hanover County when it was formed. He was kinsman of George and William Crawford who emigrated to America in 1670.
Alexander, being a younger son, did not receive an inheritance or title, but he was a [9]seafaring man and owned his own ship. This may be the reason for their migration to Ireland. These Crawfords were the ancestors of the Scottish-Irish Crawfords that migrated to America.
This American line begins with George and William Crawford, who came to America in about 1670 from Lenarkshire, Ayrshire, Scotland and Donegal, Ireland and settled in Jamestown, James City County, Virginia. They were kinsmen° of John Crawford bom in Ayrshire, Scotland (1600-1676).
George Crawford was married and had three sons at the beginning of the voyage. John (b. 1663), William (b. 1665), and Alexander (b. 1668). During the voyage, a fourth son, Seaborn, was bom in 1670. Since no mention is made of his wife, it is assumed that she died and was buried at sea.
William Crawford, the unmarried (younger) brother, went over into Delaware and married a Huguenot lady of distinction. Josiah Crawford,'° in his unpublished manuscript of this family, states that she had the French name of Naudaine, and Vickers" gives her name as Honora Valentine.
I believe that the name of the Huguenot lady may have been Naudaine Valentine. It would seem strange for a French girl to have the Irish name of Honora (O'Nora).[10]
June 28, 1681: by Angélique de Scorailles, Duchesse de Fontanges (1661 – June 28, 1681)
son
1681
1681 (died as infant)
[11]
June 28, 1712: Birthdate of Swiss philosopher, Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Unlike some other Enlightenment philosophers, Rousseau did not dabble in anti-Semitism. He may not have been Philo-Semitic but in his limited references to the Jewish people he wrote with unusual understanding and compassion. “We shall never know the inner motives of the Jews until the day they have their own free state, schools and universities where they can speak and argue without fear. Then, and only then, shall we know what they really have to say.”[12]
June 28, 1738: :**. Mary Taliaferro9 [Sarah Smith8, Lawrence Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. 1686 in Powhatan Plantation, Essex Co. VA / d. abt. 1780 in Snow Creek, Essex Co. VA) married Col. Francis Thornton (b. January 4, 1680 in Gloucester Co. VA / d. June 28, 1738 in Essex Co. VA) on September 3, 1703 in Snow Creek, Essex Co. VA. [13]
Friday June 28, 1754:
Captain Coulon de Villiers sets out from Ft Duquesne with 600 French Marines and Canadian Militia as well as 100 Native Americans representing seven different tribes; Algonquins, Abenakis, Delaware, French Iroquois, Huron, Nippissing, and Ottawa. His orders were to "to march against the British... in order to avenge ourselves and chastise them for having violated the most sacred laws of civilized nations." [14]
June 28, 1754
Mackay arrived on June 28 at just about the same time one of Monakaduto’s men galloped in, bringing word of a huge French and Indian force that had begun to move at dawn toward this place. Washington called a council of war among his officers and they all listened dispiritedly while Captain Mackay pointed out in clipped terms that to attempt to make a stand here was little short of insanity, since the site was overlooked by neighboring heights from which they could be fired upon in a most devastating manner.
With the weight of military logic against him, Washington agreed that it might be better to turn back and make their stand at the Great Meadows where the French would have to cross open ground to get at them. Better yet, they might even fall back all the way to the Will’s Creek station.
Once again the army was set into weary motion, and as one tired sergeant of the Virginia Regiment put it, “I reckon if them Frenchies do find us, they ain’t gonna have nuthin’ but movin’ targets, seem’ as how we ain’t quit movin’ since we got in this here army!”
Now, however, their few horses were so weakened from heavy use and insufficient grain that the Virginians had to carry most of their baggage on their backs and drag their nine swivels by hand over the rough and rocky trail. Even in this, Mackay’s regulars refused to give any help.
By the time the army reached the Great Meadows again — yesterday forenoon — the volunteers were so utterly sapped that they could not con:inue. Whether this was the right place or not, there was no other choice but to stand and make their fight. It was with hardly any reaction that Washington read the dispatch awaiting him from Dinwiddie with the news that he had now been promoted to full colonel. With fatigue hanging over all of them here like a great wet shroud, he set his men about the work of improving these fortifications. It was with a touch of grim humor that he gave the place now the most appropriate name he could think of: Fort Necessity.[15]
June 28, 1755:
In a discussion of Braddock‘s march, McClenathan‘s 1906 book ―Centennial history of the
borough of Connellsville, Pennsylvania, 1806-1906‖ states:
The army moved slowly, and, on June 28, reached the Gist settlement at Mount
Braddock. From this point Braddock moved to the north along the old Catawba Indian trail, widening the road and making it passable for the heavy artillery as he went.
In a discussion about Braddock‘s road, Veech‘s posthumous 1892 book ―The Monongahela of
old…‖ states:
It was, until near its fatal termination, identical with Nemacolin‘s path[16]34, which, also,
from Gist‘s northward, with a few variations, was identical with the old Catawba trail, or
with its westward branch to the head of the Ohio.
The Wisconsin Historical Society‘s 1912 book ―Frontier defense on the upper Ohio, 1777-
1778‖ states:
Stewart‘s Crossings is one of the historic spots of Fayette County, Pa. In 1753 William
Stewart located there, about the same time that Christopher Gist built his cabin at Mount
Braddock. Stewart chose a ford on the Youghiogheny where the old Catawba Indian trail
from the Iroquois country crossed that river. ... Braddock‘s Road led over this crossing…
From the preceding quotes it seems clear that at least one of the mapped routes leading north
from Gist‘s Plantation to Stewart‘s Crossing35 is the Catawba trail. It seems equally clear that
any early trade between Wills Creek and ―Log‘s Town‖ would have followed one of the two
trails. Evidence of such trade is presented in the following chapter.
Gist‘s settlement and Fort Duquesne did not yet exist in 1751 when the map was initially
prepared, and were obviously added after 1751. The solid line route between Gist‘s settlement
and Fort Duquesne can only be the Ohio Company/Braddock‘s road, which also did not exist in
1751.[17]
June 1755
Stewart's Crossing was on the Youghiogheny River below present-day Connellsville, Pa. The site was named for William Stewart, who settled there in 1753 (COOK, 15). Braddock's army had crossed the Youghiogheny at this ford in June 1755 on the way to Fort Duquesne.
Tuesday, January 18, 2005 (7)
The sign at Braddock Park reads:
Before the Europeans, only Indian trails led through virgin forests that one stretched beyond the horizon. About 1750 Nemacolin, a Delaware Indian, blazed a trail past here for the Ohio Company. Four years later. Virginia militia under Lt. Col. George Washington cut a narrow “road through this wilderness from present-day Cumberland, Maryland to beyond Fort Necessity.
In 1755 Maj. Gen Edward Braddock’s British army widened Washington’s road and extended it to the Monongahela River. Braddocks Road was an amazing engineering feat. Hundreds of men cut a 12 foot-wide swath through the forest for Braddock’s 2400 soldiers, 13 cannons, about 100 wagons, and a herd of cattle. After the French and Indian War, this road became a main route west until the adjacent National Road reached the Ohio River in 1818.
June 28, 1755
[18]
According to a nearby historical marker (Figure 0412), Braddock‘s army forded the Youghiogheny River at
Stewart‘s Crossing on June 30, 1755.
Stewart’s Crossing
According to a 2000 article by the Connellsville Area Historical Society, Stewart‘s Crossing is
located slightly north of where Mounts Creek enters the Youghiogheny River. The place they
have identified is now the site of the historical society‘s Yough River Park, which is located at
Latitude 40.020557°, Longitude -79.599499°. A footnote on page 107 of Toner‘s 1893 book
―Journal of Colonel George Washington: commanding a detachment of Virginia Troops‖
places the crossing at a slightly different location (Appendix 0003). It states ―Stewart‘s Crossing
of the Youghiogheny river was about one mile below the present town of Connellsville, in Fayette
county, Pa. A ford at low water and a ferry at high water, it was on the line of the early Indian
trail or path, and bore the name of Stewart‘s Crossing as early as, or before, 1753. It was at this
ford, that Braddock‘s army crossed in 1755.‖[19]
A route that would have involved taking the Turkey Foot Road partway to Connellsville is
depicted on the 1817 Melish-Whiteside map of Fayette county.
The traveler would have turned west (left) on the road that the map identifies as running past White Horse Tavern319 in Somerset County. The survey of Zachariah Connell [20]
shows where them road crossed the ―Youghiogeni River‖ in 1794.[21]
Tuesday, January 18, 2005 (6)
Gary and Jeff Goodlove visit Crawfords Cabin, at Stewarts Crossing, late December 2004. This is where Braddocks army crossed June 28-30, 1755. Crawford must have been struck by the beauty of the area, as he crossed with Braddock’s army, because Stewarts Crossing or as he called it, “Spring Garden”, would soon be his home. The area is preparing for its 250th anniversary of the crossing in 2005.
June 28, 1762: Catherine II (whom the Boyars called “the Great”) ascends the throne of Russia. The German born Czarina followed her husband Peter III who died under mysterious circumstances in which she might have had a hand. The Jewish historian Salo Baron described her as possessing a rational attitude. Under the partition of Poland, Catherine became the ruler of Lithuanian with its large Jewish population. At first, Catherine tried to “thread the needle” of not offending the Russian Orthodox by granting her Jewish subjects too much freedom while taking advantage of their professional and business skills. In the end, she succumbed to pressure from Russian merchants who hid behind religion and limited the activities of her Jewish subjects to an area that would become known as “The Pale of Settlement.”[22]
June 28, 1776: Battle of Sullivan's Island - June 28, 1776.[23]
June 28, 1776: Thomas Jefferson was assigned to prepare the Declaration and he did the workd in the Graff HOUSE, WHERE HE RENTED THE TWO second floor rooms. When he had it finished Adams and Franklin reviewed it. The document was completed and submitted to the Second Continental Congress on June 28. [24]
“June 28, 1777: We continued our march toward Amboy[25] in two columns to it's former encampment[26] and upon our arrival, our regiment and the Leib Regiment were immediately embarked on the previously utilized ships.... [27] On the night of the 28th and morning of the 29th the greater part of
the army crossed Prince's Bay to Staten Island.[28]
June 28, 1778: ELIJAH FOOTE served and saw military action in the Eighth Regiment of the Connecticut Line of the Continental Army. He enlisted September 3, 1777 for three years and was in Captain Comstock's Company. Elijah fought under General McDougall at Germantown October 4, 1777. They wintered at Valley Forge, 1777-1778, and on June 28th following were present at the battle of Monmouth. He was discharged September 3, 1780. His Militia group was called up by General George Washington in the late summer of 1776. Foote served in this capacity as part of the Sixteenth Regiment of Connecticut Militia (Captain John Botsford's Company), which comprised trainbands (local militia groups) from Danbury, Ridgefield, New Fairfield, and Newtown. Elijah enlisted in the Continental Line from service in the 16th. The regiments that served that brief time under Washington were heavily recruited for extended Continental service.
Elijah Foote and his family moved into the West Liberty area where he died October 15, 1813. His will is on record at the Ohio County Court house. [29]
CROWN FORCES JUNE 28, 1778
Sir Henry Clinton, Commander-in-Chief1
HESSIAN GRENADIERS
Col. Henrich Julius von Kospoth
Victualled at Monmouth
Men Wagoners Women Child
Linsing:
Lt.-Col. Otto Christian von Linsing 411 7 8 0
Minnigerode:
Lt.-Col. Friedrich L. von Minnigerode 427 6 9 0
Lengerke:
Lt.-Col. Georg Emanuel Lengerke 453 5 8 0
TOTAL 1,291 18 25 0[30]
June 28, 1778: Battle of Monmouth - June 28, 1778 .[31] General George Washington defeats the British at the Battle of Monmouth, New Jersey, during the Revolutionary War.[32]
June 28, 1782
On the day after, I saw an Indian who had just come into town, and who said that the prisoner he was bringing to be burnt, and who he said was a doctor, had made his escape from him. I knew this must have been Dr. Knight, who went as surgeon of the expedition. The Indian had a wound four inbches long in his head, which he acknowledged the doctor had given him; he was cut to the skull. His story was that he haduntied the doctor, being asked by him to do so, the doctor promising that he would not go away; that while he was employede in kindleing the fire the doctor snatched up the gun had come behind and struck him; that he then made a stroke at the doctor with his knife, which he laid hold of, and his fingers were cut almost off, the knife being drawn through his hand; that he gave the doctor two stabs, one in the back, theother in the belly; said the doctor was great big, tall, strong man. Being now adopted in an Indian family, and having some confidence for my safety, I took the liberty to contradfict this and said that AI knew the doctor, who was a weak, little man. The other warriors laughed immoderately, and did not seem to credit him.[33] At this time I was told that Col. Crawford was burnt, and they greatly exulted over it.[34]
June 28, 1795: One of Dumont's first appointments was that of Huges Lagarde (10 messidor an III (June 28, 1795), a wealthy soap merchant from Marseille with strong political connections, as bibliographer of the museum. With the abandonment of the palace, there remained no less than 104 libraries which contained in excess of 200,000 printed volumes and manuscripts. Lagarde, with his political connections and his association with Dumont, became the driving force behind Versailles as a museum at this time. Lagarde was able to assemble a team of curators including sieur Fayolle for natural history and, Louis Jean-Jacques Durameau, the painter responsible for the ceiling painting in the Opéra, was appointed as curator for painting (Fromageot, 1903). [35]
Owing largely to political vicissitudes that occurred in France during the 1790s, Versailles succumbed to further degradations. Mirrors were assigned by the finance ministry for payment of debts of the Republic and draperies, upholstery, and fringes were confiscated and sent to the mint to recoup the gold and silver used in their manufacture.
June 28, 1798: William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison daguerreotype edit.jpg
Harrison in 1841; this is an early (circa 1850) photographic copy of an 1841 daguerreotype
9th President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
Vice President
John Tyler
Preceded by
Martin Van Buren
Succeeded by
John Tyler
United States Minister to Colombia
In office
May 24, 1828 – September 26, 1829
Nominated by
John Quincy Adams
Preceded by
Beaufort Watts
Succeeded by
Thomas Moore
United States Senator
from Ohio
In office
March 4, 1825 – May 20, 1828
Preceded by
Ethan Brown
Succeeded by
Jacob Burnet
· Member of the
· U.S. House of Representatives
· from Ohio's 1st district
In office
October 8, 1816 – March 3, 1819
Preceded by
John McLean
Succeeded by
Thomas Ross
Governor of the Indiana Territory
In office
January 10, 1801 – December 28, 1812
Appointed by
John Adams
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Thomas Posey
· Member of the
· U.S. House of Representatives
· from the Northwest Territory's
· At-large district
In office
March 4, 1799 – May 14, 1800
Preceded by
Constituency established
Succeeded by
Paul Fearing
Secretary of the Northwest Territory
In office
June 28, 1798 – October 1, 1799
Governor
· Arthur St. Clair
· Charles Byrd
Preceded by
Winthrop Sargent
Succeeded by
Charles Byrd
[36]
1801 - June 28 - Slave Sales at New Madrid: Barthelemi Tardiveau by public sale to George N. Reagan for Benjamin Harrison who sold them to Claude Thiriet. Two named Jacob and Marguerite. [37]
June 28, 1814: OLIVER CRAWFORD, b. June 28, 1814; d. January 11, 1899, Bear Creek, Estill County, Kentucky.
Notes for OLIVER CRAWFORD:
Oliver purchased 1,000 acres of the John Carmens survey on Miller's Creek, Estell Co., KY. He also
owned 1,100 acres of land on Holly Creek, Wolfe Co., KY. [38]
June 28, 1832
The first epidemic of Asiatic cholera appears in New York, eventually killing over 2200 people and rapidly spreading across the United States.[39]
1832
Scott gathered about 950 troops from eastern army posts just as a cholera pandemic had spread to eastern North America.[121][40] As Scott's troops traveled by steamboat from Buffalo, New York, across the Great Lakes towards Chicago, his men started getting sick from cholera, with many of them dying. At each place the vessels landed, the sick were deposited and soldiers deserted. By the time the last steamboat landed in Chicago, Scott had only about 350 effective soldiers left.[122][41] [42]
June 28, 1837: Princess Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. Ernest became the King of Hanover. On June 28, 1837, King Ernest entered his new domain, passing under a triumphal arch.[74] For the first time in over a century, Hanover would have a ruler living there.[75] Many Hanoverians were of a liberal perspective, and would have preferred the popular viceroy, the Duke of Cambridge, to become king, but both of Ernest's younger brothers refused to lend themselves to any movement by which they would become king rather than their elder brother. According to Roger Fulford in his study of George III's younger sons, Royal Dukes, "In 1837, King Ernest was the only male descendant of George III who was willing and able to continue the connection with Hanover."[d]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ernst_1846_thaler.png/220px-Ernst_1846_thaler.png
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf6/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
1846 thaler coin depicting King Ernest Augustus
Hanover had received its first constitution, granted by the Prince Regent, in 1819; this did little more than denote Hanover's change from an electorate to a kingdom, granted by the Congress of Vienna. The Duke of Cambridge, as King William's viceroy in Hanover, recommended a thorough reorganisation of the Hanoverian government. William IV had given his consent to a new constitution in 1833; the Duke of Cumberland's consent was neither asked nor received, and he had formally protested against the constitution's adoption without his consent.[76] One provision of the constitution transferred the Hanoverian Domains (the equivalent of the British Crown Estate) from the sovereign to the state, eroding the monarch's power.[74] [43]
June 28, 1838: Queen Victoria
Victoria
Photograph of Queen Victoria, 1882
Victoria wearing her small diamond crown
Photograph by Alexander Bassano, 1882
Queen of the United Kingdom
Reign
June 20, 1837
January 22, 1901
Coronation
June 28, 1838
Predecessor
William IV
Successor
Edward VII
Prime Ministers
See list
[44]
Coronation: Thursday, June 28, 1838
I was awoke at four o'clock by the guns in the Park, and could not get much
sleep afterwards on account of the noise of the people, bands, etc. Got up at
7 feeling strong and well; the Park presented a curious spectacle; crowds of
people up to Constitution Hill, soldiers, bands, etc. I dressed, having taken a
little breakfast before I dressed, and a little after. At half past 9 I went into the
next room dressed exactly in my House of Lords costume ... At 10 I got into
the State Coach with the Duchess of Sutherland and Lord Albemarle, and we
began our Progress.
It was a fine day, and the crowds of people exceeded what I have ever seen;
many as there were the day I went to the City, it was nothing - nothing to the
multitudes, the millions of my loyal subjects who were assembled in every
spot to witness the Procession. Their good humour and excessive loyalty was
beyond everything, and I really cannot say how proud I feel to be the Queen
of such a Nation. I was alarmed at times for fear that the people would be
crushed and squeezed on account of the tremendous rush and pressure.
I reached the Abbey (Westminster) amid deafening cheers at a little after half
past 11; I first went into a robing-room quite close to the entrance, where I
found my eight Train-bearers - all dressed alike and beautifully, in white satin
and silver tissue, with wreaths of silver corn-ears in front, and a small one of
pink roses round the plait behind, and pink roses in the trimming of the
dresses. After putting on my Mantle, and the young ladies having properly got
hold of it, and Lord Conyngham holding the end of it, I left the robing-room
and the Procession began. The sight was splendid; the bank of Peeresses
quite beautiful, all in their robes, and the Peers on the other side. My young
Train-bearers were always near me, and helped me whenever I wanted
anything. The Bishop of Durham stood on one side near me.
At the beginning of the Anthem ... I retired to St Edward's Chapel, a small dark
place immediately behind the Altar, with my Ladies and Train-bearers; took off
my crimson robe and kirtle and put on the Supertunica of Cloth of Gold, also
in the shape of a kirtle, which was put over a singular sort of little gown of
linen trimmed with lace; I also took off my circlet of diamonds, and then
proceeded bare-headed into the Abbey; I was then seated upon St Edward's
chair where the Dalmatic robe was clasped round me by the Lord Great
Chamberlain. Then followed all the various things; and last (of those things)
the Crown being placed on my head; - which was, I must own, a most
beautiful impressive moment; all the Peers and Peeresses put on their
Coronets at the same instant ... The shouts, which were very great, the
drums, the trumpets, the firing of the guns, all at the same instant, rendered
the spectacle most imposing.
The Enthronization and the Homage of, first all the Bishops, then my Uncles,
and lastly of all the Peers, in their respective order, was very fine. The Duke of
Norfolk (holding for me the Sceptre with a Cross) with Lord Melbourne, stood
close to me on my right, and the Duke of Richmond with the other Sceptre on
my left. All my Train-bearers standing behind the Throne. Poor old Lord Rolle,
who is 82 and dreadfully infirm, in attempting to ascend the steps, fell and
rolled quite down, but was not the least hurt; when he attempted to reascend
them I got up and advanced to the end of the steps, in order to prevent
another fall ... When Lord Melbourne's turn to do Homage came, there was
loud cheering; they also cheered Lord Grey and the Duke of Wellington; it's a
pretty ceremony; they first all touch the Crown, and then kiss my hand. When
my good Lord Melbourne knelt down and kissed my hand, he pressed my
hand and I grasped his with all my heart, at which he looked up with his eyes
filled with tears and seemed much touched, as he was, I observed, throughout
the whole ceremony.
After the Homage was concluded I left the Throne, took off my Crown and
received the Sacrament; I then put on my Crown again, and re-ascended the
Throne, leaning on Lord Melbourne's arm; at the commencement of the
Anthem I descended from the Throne, and went into St Edward's Chapel ...
where I took off the Dalmatic robe, Supertunica, and put on the Purple Velvet
Kirtle and Mantle, and proceeded again to the Throne, which I ascended
leaning on Lord Melbourne's hand ... I then again descended from the Throne,
and repaired with all the Peers bearing the Regalia, my Ladies and Trainbearers,
to St Edward's Chapel, as it is called; but which, as Lord Melbourne
said, was more unlike a Chapel than anything he had ever seen; for, what
was called an Altar was covered with sandwiches, bottles of wine etc. The
Archbishop came in and ought to have delivered the Orb to me, but I had
already got it. There we waited for some minutes ... the Procession being
formed, I replaced my Crown (which I had taken off for a few minutes), took
the Orb in my left hand and the Sceptre in my right, and thus loaded
proceeded through the Abbey, which resounded with cheers, to the first
Robing-room ... And here we waited for at least an hour, with all my ladies
and Train-bearers; the Princesses went away about half an hour before I did;
the Archbishop had put the ring on the wrong finger, and the consequence
was that I had the greatest difficulty to take it off again, - which I at last did
with great pain. At about half past 4 I re-entered my carriage, the Crown on
my head and Sceptre and Orb in my hand, and we proceeded the same way
as we came - the crowds if possible having increased. The enthusiasm,
affection and loyalty was really touching, and I shall ever remember this day
as the proudest of my life. I came home at a little after 6, - really not feeling
tired.
At 8 we dined. My kind Lord Melbourne was much affected in speaking of the
whole ceremony. He asked kindly if I was tired; said the Sword he carried (the
first, the Sword of State) was excessively heavy. I said that the Crown hurt me
a good deal. He was much amused at Uncle Ernest's being astonished at our
still having the Litany; we agreed that the whole thing was a very fine sight.
He thought the robes, and particularly the Dalmatic, "looked remarkably well"
... The Archbishop's and the Dean's Copes (which were remarkably
handsome) were from James I's time; the very same that were worn at his
Coronation, Lord Melbourne told me.
After dinner, before we sat down, we ... spoke of the numbers of Peers at the
Coronation, which Lord Melbourne said was unprecedented. I observed that
there were very few Viscounts; he said "there are very few Viscounts"; that
they were an odd sort of title, and not really English; that they came from
Vice-Comités; that Dukes and Barons were the only real English titles; that
Marquises were likewise not English; and that they made people Marquises
when they did not wish to make them Dukes ... I then sat on the sofa for a
little while ... Mamma ... remained to see the Illuminations, and only came in
later ... I said to Lord Melbourne when I first sat down, I felt a little tired on my
feet ... Spoke of the weight of the robes etc..and he turned round to me and
said so kindly, "And you did it beautifully, - every part of it, with so much taste;
it's a thing that you can't give a person advice upon; it must be left to a
person." To hear this from this kind impartial friend, gave me great and real
pleasure ... Spoke of my intending to go to bed; he said, "You may depend
upon it, you are more tired than you think you are." I said I had slept badly the
night before; he said that was my mind, and that nothing kept people more
awake than any consciousness of a great event going to take place and being
agitated ... Stayed in the drawing-room till 20 minutes past 11, but remained
till 12 o'clock on Mamma's balcony looking at the fireworks in Green Park,
which were quite beautiful.[45]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Dronning_victoria.jpg/220px-Dronning_victoria.jpg
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Coronation portrait by George Hayter
At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice.[36] Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure.[37] Her coronation took place on June 28, 1838, and she became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace.[38] She inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall, and was granted a civil list of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.[39]
At the start of her reign Victoria was popular,[40] but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy.[41] Victoria believed the rumours.[42] She hated Conroy, and despised "that odious Lady Flora",[43] because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System.[44] At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to a naked medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin.[45] Conroy, the Hastings family and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora.[46] When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen.[47] At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as "Mrs. Melbourne".[48]
In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a Bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The Bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.[49] The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's Ladies of the Bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.[50]
Marriage
Painting of a lavish wedding attended by richly dressed people in a magnificent room
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf12/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Marriage of Victoria and Albert
Painting by George Hayter
Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy.[51] Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to meet her.[52] When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking [sic] alternative".[53] She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.[54] [46]
June 28, 1853: He was baptised in the Private Chapel of Buckingham Palace on June 28, 1853 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, John Bird Sumner. His godparents were his first cousin once removed, King George V of Hanover; his fourth cousin once removed, Princess William of Prussia; his first cousin once removed, Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge; and his maternal uncle by marriage, Prince Ernst of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.
Leopold inherited the disease haemophilia from his mother, Queen Victoria, and was a delicate child. Evidence exists[citation needed] that Leopold also suffered mildly from epilepsy, like his grand-nephew Prince John of the United Kingdom.
Education and career
The Prince's intellectual abilities were evident as a boy; Poet Laureate, Alfred, Lord Tennyson and his friend, philosopher Dr James Martineau, were familiar with the Queen's children and had noted that Leopold, who had often "conversed with the eminent Dr. Martineau, was considered to be a young man of a very thoughtful mind, high aims, and quite remarkable acquirements".[2]
Oxford University[edit]
In 1872, Prince Leopold, entered Christ Church at Oxford University where he studied a variety of subjects and became president of the Oxford University Chess Club. He left the university with an honorary doctorate in civil law (DCL) in 1876. Prince Leopold travelled in Europe. In 1880, he toured Canada and the United States with his sister, Princess Louise, whose husband John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne was the Governor General of Canada. He was a prominent chess patron, and the London 1883 chess tournament was held under his patronage.[3] Incapable of pursuing a military career because of his illness, Prince Leopold instead became a patron of the arts and literature, and served as an unofficial secretary to his mother. "Leopold was the favourite son, and through him her relations with the Government of the day were usually kept up."[4] Later he pursued vice-regal appointments in both Canada and Australia, but was rejected in part due to his health problems.
British Army
Despite his inability (through illness) to pursue an active military role, he had an honorary association with the 72nd Regiment, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders, and from 1881 served as the first Colonel-in-Chief of the Seaforth Highlanders, when that regiment was formed through the merger of the 72nd regiment with the 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot.[5] A portrait of Prince Leopold in military uniform is held in the Royal Collection.[6] The Seaforth Highlanders paraded at Prince Leopold's funeral, a fact recorded by William McGonagall in his poem "The Death of Prince Leopold".[7]
Freemasonry
Prince Leopold was an active Freemason, being initiated in the Apollo University Lodge, Oxford, whilst resident at Christ Church. He was proposed for membership by his brother, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales,[8] who was at the time the Worshipful Master of the Lodge,[9] and was initiated in a joint ceremony with Robert Hawthorne Collins, his friend and tutor, who later became Comptroller of his Household.[10] He served as Master of the Lodge from 1876-1877, and was later the Provincial Grand Master for Oxfordshire, still holding that office at the time of his death.[11] [47]
Tues. June 28, 1864:
Our camp equipage arrived today no drill
Got ambrotype taken with OWale
Had nice time eating ice cream
(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry.) [48]
June 28, 1865: William John Foster Thomason (b. June 28, 1865),[49]
June 28, 1866: SUSAN MARIA WINANS b November 29, 1845 near Sidney, Ohio d November 5, 1926 at Altadena, Calif, (or Pasadena) md June 28, 1866 Oliver D. Heald b September 13, 1839 near Salem, Ohio d April 12, 1925 at Altadena, Calif, buried in the Mt. View Cemetery in Gardena, Calif, and he was the son of John and Eliza Ann (McClun) Heald. [50]
June 28, 1891: Carter Henry Harrison V, born June 28, 1891,[51]
June 28, 1893: Nora Norman Pickelsimer (b. June 28, 1893).[52]
June 28, 1894
During a period of intense labor unrest, Congress establishes Labor Day as a national holiday.[53]
1895
A.C. Cuza organizes the Alliance Anti-semitique Universelle in Bucharest, Romania.[54]
1895: Gennaro Lombardi opened the first U.S. Pizzeria in 1895 in New York. Today, Americans consume nearly 350 slices per second.[55]
June 28, 1898 – The Curtis Act abolished tribal constitutions and governments in preparation for the joining together of Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory, to be admitted into the Union as the State of Oklahoma.[56]
June 28, 1910: James F. Goodlove was indicted for shooting in the back and killing on August 6 Percy Stuckey, alias Frank McCormick; convicted of manslaughter by Wyandot County Court of Common Pleas and sentenced to 15 years at hard labor in Ohio penitentiary. Conviction upheld by Circuit Court, but reversed by Ohio Supreme Court on June 28, 1910 on the basis of an error in the indictment. Court said Goodlove was indicted for the murder of “Percy Stuckey, alias Frank McCormick,” but prosecution had not demonstrated that Stuckey existed; prosecution’s evidence showed he had killed McCormick, not Stuckey. Goodlove was released.[57]
June 28, 1921: Ilse Gottlieb, Borken/Bex. Kassel, Born June 28, 1921. Declared legally dead.
Auschwitz (last known whereabouts)[58] IIse Sitta Gottleib, born June 28, 1921 in Kassel resided Borken I, Hessen. Deportation:1942, Auschwitz. Todesdaten:August 24,1942, Auschwitz
June 28, 1931:Washington Post: "Boundary Stones Washington Laid Here Still Stand," Washington Post, p. M15 (June 28, 1931). [59]
1932
June 28, 1932
Age 35
Birth of Russell Paul Marugg
[60]
June 28, 1914
On Serbian National Day, a natural focus on the hatred of the Hapsbergs Prince Franz Ferdinand and Sophy of Austria were both shot and died on the way to the hospital. They were killed by Bosnian secret Army officers. The Pro Austrian crowd went wild. Everything Serbian was destroyed. [61]
June 28, 1914: After the Austro-Prussian War, Austria-Hungary turned its attention to the Balkans, which was a hotspot of international tension due to conflicting interests with the Russian Empire. The Bosnian crisis was a result of Franz Joseph's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, which had been occupied by his troops since the Congress of Berlin (1878). On June 28, 1914, the assassination of the heir-presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, his nephew Archduke Franz Ferdinand, at the hands of Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist, resulted in Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against the Kingdom of Serbia, which was Russia's ally. This activated a system of alliances which resulted in World War I.
After the death of Crown Prince Rudolf, Franz Joseph's nephew, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, became heir to the throne. On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his morganatic wife, Countess Sophie Chotek, were assassinated on a visit to Sarajevo. When he heard the news of the assassination, Franz Joseph said that "one has not to defy the Almighty. In this manner a superior power has restored that order which I unfortunately was unable to maintain."[19]
While the emperor was shaken, and interrupted his vacation in order to return to Vienna, he soon resumed his vacation to his imperial villa at Bad Ischl. With the emperor five hours away from capital, most of the decision-making during the "July Crisis" fell to Count Leopold Berchtold, the Austrian foreign minister, Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, the chief of staff for the Austrian army, and the rest of the ministers.[20][62]
28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Franz ferdinand.jpg
Archduke of Austria-Este
Pretence
1875–1914
Predecessor
Francis II
Successor
Charles
Spouse
Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg
Issue
Princess Sophie of Hohenberg
Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg
Prince Ernst of Hohenberg
House
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Father
Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria
Mother
Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Born
(1863-12-18)December 18, 1863
Graz, Austrian Empire
Died
June 28, 1914(1914-06-28) (aged 50)
Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary
Signature
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria_Signature.svg/125px-Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria_Signature.svg.png
Religion
Roman Catholic
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Austro_Hungarian_Empire_Before_the_First_World_War_Q81810.jpg/220px-The_Austro_Hungarian_Empire_Before_the_First_World_War_Q81810.jpg
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand with his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg and their three children, Princess Sophie, Maximilian, Duke of Hohenburg and Prince Ernst von Hohenberg in 1910
Franz Ferdinand (December 28, 1863 – June 28, 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia, and from 1889 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne.[1]
His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. This caused the Central Powers (including Germany and Austria-Hungary) and the Allies of World War I (countries allied with Serbia or Serbia's allies) to declare war on each other, starting World War I.[2][3][4]
Contents
Early life
He was born in Graz, Austria, the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (younger brother of Franz Joseph and Maximilian) and of his second wife, Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. When he was only eleven years old, his cousin Duke Francis V of Modena died, naming Franz Ferdinand his heir on condition that he add the name Este to his own. Franz Ferdinand thus became one of the wealthiest men in Austria.
Heir presumptive
In 1889, Franz Ferdinand's life changed dramatically. His cousin Crown Prince Rudolf committed suicide at his hunting lodge in Mayerling.[5] This left Franz Ferdinand's father, Karl Ludwig, as first in line to the throne. Karl Ludwig renounced the throne in favor of Franz Ferdinand almost immediately, and died of typhoid fever in 1896.[6] Henceforth, Franz Ferdinand was groomed to succeed to the throne. Despite this burden, he did manage to find time for travel and personal pursuits, such as the time he spent hunting kangaroos and emus in Australia in 1893,[7] on to New Zealand, Nouméa, New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Sarawak, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan,[8] and the return trip to Austria sailing across the Pacific on the RMS Empress of China from Yokohama to Vancouver.[9]
Military career
Franz Ferdinand, like most males in the ruling Habsburg line, entered the Austro-Hungarian Army at a young age. He was frequently and rapidly promoted, given the rank of lieutenant at age fourteen, captain at twenty-two, colonel at twenty-seven, and major general at thirty-one.[10] While never receiving formal staff training, he was considered eligible for command and at one point briefly led the primarily Hungarian 9th Hussar Regiment.[11] In 1898 he was given a commission "at the special disposition of His Majesty" to make inquiries into all aspects of the military services and military agencies were commanded to share their papers with him.[12]
He exerted influence on the armed forces even when he did not hold a specific command through a military chancery that produced and received documents and papers on military affairs. This was headed by Alexander Brosch von Aarenau and eventually employed a staff of sixteen.[12]
Franz in 1913, as heir-presumptive to the elderly emperor, had been appointed inspector general of all the armed forces of Austria-Hungary (Generalinspektor der gesamten bewaffneten Macht), a position superior to that previously held by Archduke Albrecht and including presumed command in wartime.[13]
Marriage and family
In 1894 Franz Ferdinand met Countess Sophie Chotek at a ball in Prague. To be eligible to marry a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg, one had to be a member of one of the reigning or formerly reigning dynasties of Europe. The Choteks were not one of these families, although they did include among their ancestors, in the female line, princes of Baden, Hohenzollern-Hechingen, and Liechtenstein. One of Sophie's direct ancestors was Albert IV, Count of Habsburg; she was descended from Elisabeth of Habsburg, a sister of King Rudolph I of Germany. Franz Ferdinand was a descendant of King Rudolph I. Sophie was a lady-in-waiting to Archduchess Isabella, wife of Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen. Franz Ferdinand began to visit Archduke Friedrich's villa in Pressburg (now Bratislava). Sophie wrote to Franz Ferdinand during his convalescence from tuberculosis on the island of Lošinj in the Adriatic. They kept their relationship a secret for more than two years.[citation needed]
Deeply in love, Franz Ferdinand refused to consider marrying anyone else. Pope Leo XIII, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and the German Emperor Wilhelm II all made representations on his behalf to Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, arguing that the disagreement between Franz Joseph and Franz Ferdinand was undermining the stability of the monarchy.[citation needed]
Finally, in 1899, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to permit Franz Ferdinand to marry Sophie, on condition that the marriage would be morganatic and that their descendants would not have succession rights to the throne.[5] Sophie would not share her husband's rank, title, precedence, or privileges; as such, she would not normally appear in public beside him. She would not be allowed to ride in the royal carriage or sit in the royal box in theaters.[citation needed] [63]
June 28, 1919: The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, five years to the day after a Serbian nationalist's bullet ended the life of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and sparked the beginning of World War I. In the decades to come, anger and resentment of the treaty and its authors festered in Germany. Extremists like Adolf Hitler's National Socialist (Nazi) Party capitalized on these emotions to gain power, a process that led almost directly to the exact thing Wilson and the other negotiators in Paris in 1919 had wanted to prevent--a second, equally devastating global war.[64]
1919
During the negotiations in Paris to determine the German reparations to be paid because of their responsibility in WWI the Germans send three expert Jewish bankers named Notger, Worberg and Wasser feeling that they will ensure the best possible treaty. 500,000 Jews fought in the German army. [65]
The terms of the treaty are harsher than the Germans ever imagined. Germany will be paralysed for generations.
“Gentlemen,
We have no illusions about the extent of our powerlessness. We know the force of German weapons is crushed. We recognize the power of hatred facing us and we heard the passionate demand that the victors shall make us pay as the defeated ones and punish us as the conquered ones. We are expected to admit that we alone are guilty. For me, to make such an admission would be a lie. The treaty which our enemies have laid before us is, in so far as the French dictated it, is a monument of pathological fear and pathological hatred, and in so far as the Anglo-Saxons dictated it, it is the work of a capitalistic policy of the most brutal and capitalistic kind.
Brockdorff Rantzau
The German negotiators quit. After five months of negotiations, Italy’s government falls. Mussolini, is in. The mapmakers have redrawn the borders of Europe, the Middle East, the far East and Africa.
Two days before the signing, the Germans scuttle their entire fleet. Their pride wont let the Allies have their warships.
The Treaty of Versaille will be signed. It will be repudiated by the Germans. Germany will pay 10 Billion dollars. China will not sign. Wilson has alienated a half billion people. Vittorio Orlando does not sign, and does not get his port. Benito Mussolini promises to do better. Wilson returns to lobby for the League of Nations.
The Great War is finally over. [66]
June 28, 1919
The Treaty of Versailles is signed in France, officially ending World War I.[67] The 1919 Treaty that ended the first World War had 440 clauses. 414 were devoted to punishing Germany.[68]
June 28, 1919:
William Orpen - The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles.jpg
The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, June 28, 1919 by Sir William Orpen, KBE. [69]
June 28, 1920: With a little prompting from Grant, Buck Creek Church leaders remembered what had worked eight tears earlier when the issue had been the survival of the BGuck Creek Church, itself, an old fashioned Methodist revival led by Gilbert Chalice. Chalice was now posted at West Union in Fayette County. Grant had joined him there for a series of revival meetings over a two week period in late March and early April. Chalices relationship with Grant and his continuying interest in the success of the consolidation project at Buck Creek made it relatively easy for Grand to enlist his help inb leading off the equivalent of a camp meeting revival to rekindle and expand enthusiasm for the project. Chalice agreed to “preach” at Buck Creek on Monday evening, June 28, in what was billed as the first in a week long series of “special meetings” to be held “in the interest of the church and Sunday school.” [70] Special meetins, indeed. The topic at each meeting was rural school consolidation, and Grant and laypersons in the church spoke almost nonstop on its behalf every night throughout the week. Rather than follow the usual format of a revival service and ask people to come forward and profess their faith at the end of the service each evening, persons were urged instead to come foreward and sign the ne4w petition for the creation of the Buck Creek CFDonsolidated School District. [71] The consolidated district described in the new petition deleted the troublesome Union No. 1 and No. 7 subdistricts, but otyherwise was identical to the previous one, and retained the heavily Catholic Union No. 4 and No. 5 and Hazel Green NO. 6 and No. 7 subdistricts. It contained twenty seven sections.[72]
June 28, 1934
President Roosevelt signs the Federal Farm Bankruptcy Act, establishing a moratorium on farm mortgage foreclosures.[73]
June 28, 1940
Congress passes the Alien Registration Act, requiring registration of all aliens in the United States.[74]
June 28, 1941: German forces occupy Minsk and Rovno and reoccupy Przemysl.[75]
Convoy 5, June 28, 1942
On board Convoy 5 was Chaim Gotlib, born December 29, 1900 from Mordi, France. His nationality is indicated as Polish.[76]
This convoy left from Beaune-la-Roland. It was composed mainly of Jews from the Greater Paris area, arrested during the operations of May and August, 1941.
Among the 965 persons whom the Germans listed according to nationality were: 752 Poles; 53 French; 41 Czechs; 12 Romanians,; 10 Austrians; 6 Russians; 3 Germans; 2 Dutch; 2 Belgians; 10 stateless; and 73 undetermined.
There were 1004 men and 34 women, as indicated in the telex dated June 29 (XXVb-102) addressed by the Kommando of the SiPo-SD of Orleans to the anti-Jewish section of the Paris Gestapo. This document states further that : 34 Jewish women and 73 Jewish men were arrested in the Orleans region by the French police in order to fill the quota; the Prefect Martin-Sane took steps in favor of the French Jews; and Dr. Cremieux, form Paris, was part of this convoy which left Beaun-la-Roland at 5:20 AM.
Ten days earlier, on June 19, this departure time was indicated in the document #XXVI-35, which noted that the train would stop at Pithiviers at 6:08 to 6:15 AM.
The routine telex to Berlin, Oranienburg and Auschwitz was sent on June 28. Composed by SS Ahnert, it was signed by Dannecker, the head of the anti-Jewish section , who stated that the head of the convoy was Lieut. Kleinschmidt.
Other documents concerning this convoy are XXVb-36, 37, and 38 of June 17 and 18 (see also Convoysw 3 and 4).
The list has not deteriorated with time. It is arranged as follow:
1) List of the 34 Jewish women, the majority from Orleans, Blois andBorges. Twenty-three of the 34 are French. The oldest was 47; three of them were barely sixteen; and youngest, Jeannin Stickgold, was a schoolgirl of 15, leaving with her mother, Celine. Both were French, born in Paris.
2) “Sonderaktion” list (June 25, 1942). This “special action” specifies the arrest, in the Orleans region, of the 34 Jewish women and 30 Jewish men who together comprise this second list. One name, the 29th is crossed out: Ziffer, Adolphe, born May 5, 1904, in Belsetz, Polish, a painter, living in Paris, 5 Burenton Street, married, one child. Next to this name, it says in German, “Tot bei Fluchversuch,” or “perished while attempting to escape.” In fact, it has been verified that Ziffer survived.
The names are listed alphabetically. Some of the thiry men were the husbands of the deported women. The oldest was 58; the youngest, Bernard Jedwab, was 16. He was French, as were 15 others from this group.
3) List of 43 Jews, also arrest in the Orleans region. There were several fathers with the adolescent sons. The youngest, Maurice Cytrynowiez, was 15 years old; hes breother Guy was 17. Both were born in Paris.
4) List of 932 men departing from Beaune. They are listed alphabetically and include 68 names (the last 68) which were crossed out. Details include: camp number in Beaune, family name, first name, jplace and date of birth, family status, profession, nationality and residence.
Some 800 of the men on this list were between ages 32 and 42. [77]
There were 16 adolescents in this convoy. There were 9 boys and seven girls, all between the ages of 15 and 18.[78]
June 28, 1967: On June 28, Scamp departed San Diego to join the Seventh Fleet in the western Pacific. She remained in the Far East, participating in fleet operations along the Vietnamese coast, until returning to San Diego. (James Kirby was on board USS Scamp.[79]
June 28, 2012: 7,000 years ago…Cavemen Bones Yield Oldest Modern Human DNA
LiveScience.comBy Charles Choi, LiveScience Contributor | LiveScience.com –
•The remains of two cavemen, yielding the oldest DNA yet of modern humans, were discovered at La Brana Aritero site in Leon, Spain.
The remains of two cavemen, yielding …
•The skeleton of an ancient caveman dubbed Brana 1 yielded the oldest DNA found in a modern human.
The skeleton of an ancient caveman …
What may be the oldest fragments of the modern human genome found yet have now been revealed — DNA from the 7,000-year-old bones of two cavemen unearthed in Spain, researchers say.
These findings suggest the cavemen there were not the ancestors of the people found in the region today, investigators added.
Scientists have recently sequenced the genomes of our closest extinct relatives, the Neanderthals and the Denisovans. When it came to our lineage, the oldest modern human genomes recovered yet came from Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old mummy found in the Alps in 1991. Researchers have salvaged DNA from even older human cells, but this comes from the mitochondria that generate energy for our bodies, and not from the nucleus where our chromosomes are housed. (Mitochondrial DNA is passed down only by mothers.)
Now researchers have rescued fragments of genomes from the remains of two cavemen unearthed in northern Spain.
"These are the oldest partial genomes from modern human prehistory," researcher Carles Lalueza-Fox, a paleogeneticist at the Spanish National Research Council, told LiveScience. [Image Gallery: Our Closest Human Ancestor]
The skeletons of two young adult males were discovered by chance in 2006 by cave explorers in a cavern high in the Cantabrian mountain range, whose main entrance is found at 4,920 feet (1,500 meters) altitude. Winters there are notably cold, which helped preserve the DNA in the bones.
These bones date back to the Mesolithic period, before agriculture spread to the Iberian Peninsula with Neolithic settlers from the Middle East. These cavemen were hunter-gatherers, judging by the ornament that one was found with of red-deer canines embroidered onto a cloth.
The scientists recovered 1.34 percent and 0.5 percent of the human genomes from the bones of these two cave men. Analyses revealed that current populations of the Iberian Peninsula, which includes Spain, Portugal and Andorra, are not genetically linked with these ancient hunter-gatherers. Instead, these cavemen were closer genetically to the current populations of northern Europe.
"There are many works that claim the Basques [of the Iberian Peninsula] could be descendants from Mesolithics that became isolated in the Basque country," Lalueza-Fox said. "We found the modern Basques are genetically not related to these two individuals."
The scientists also recovered the complete mitochondrial DNA of one of these cavemen. This revealed that European populations during the Mesolithic were very uniform genetically.
"Despite their geographical distance, individuals from the regions corresponding to the current England, Germany, Lithuania, Poland and Spain shared the same mitochondrial lineage," Lalueza-Fox said. "These hunters-gatherers shared nomadic habits and had a common origin."
The researchers now aim to complete the genomes of both cavemen. Such data could help "explore genes that have been modified with the arrival of the Neolithic in the European populations," Lalueza-Fox said.
The scientists detailed their findings online today (June 28, 2012) in the journal Current Biology.[80]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://gen.culpepper.com/ss/p8512.htm
[2] Wikipedia
[3][3]
Footnotes
1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Leithead 2009
2. ^ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45294
3. ^ Kinney 172.
4. ^ G. E. Elton 'Thomas Cromwell', Headstart Press, Ipswich, 1991, p.2
5. ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. X, no. 224
6. ^ Ives 2004.
7. ^ Leithead 2009; Weir 1991, pp. 377–378, 386–388, 395, 405, 410–411
8. ^ Weir 1991, pp. 412, 418
9. ^ Weir 1991, pp. 419–420
10. ^ Warnicke 2008
11. ^ Hall 1542
12. ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. XVI, p.284
13. ^ William Georgiades (May 4, 2012). "Hilary Mantel's Heart of Stone". The Slate Book Review. Slate.com. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
14. ^ HBO and BBC to Collaborate for Wolf Hall Mini-Series
References
•Leithead, Howard (2009). Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex (b. in or before 1485, d. 1540). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
•Brigden, Susan. "Popular Disturbance and the Fall of Thomas Cromwell and the Reformers, 1539-1540," Historical Journal Vol. 24, No. 2 (Jun., 1981), pp. 257–278 in JSTOR
•Elton, G. R. "The Political Creed of Thomas Cromwell," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Fifth Series, Vol. 6, (1956), pp. 69–92 in JSTOR
•Elton, G. R. "Thomas Cromwell's Decline and Fall," Cambridge Historical Journal Vol. 10, No. 2 (1951), pp. 150–185 in JSTOR
•Elton, Geoffrey. "How Corrupt was Thomas Cromwell?" Historical Journal Vol. 36, No. 4 (Dec., 1993), pp. 905–908 in JSTOR
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1991). England Under the Tudors (3rd ed. ed.). London: Routledge.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1953). The Tudor Revolution in Government: Administrative Changes in the Reign of Henry VIII. Cambridge University Press.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1973). Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell. Cambridge University Press.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1973). Reform and Renewal: Thomas Cromwell and the Common Weal. Cambridge University Press.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1974). "King or Minister? The Man behind the Henrician Reformation". Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government (Cambridge University Press) I.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1974). "An Early Tudor Poor Law". Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government (Cambridge University Press) II.
•Hall, Edward (1542). "The XXXII Yere of Kyng Henry viij". Chronicle (London 1809, Johnson ed.).
•Ives, E.W. (2004). Anne [Anne Boleyn] (c.1500–1536), queen of England, second consort of Henry VIII. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
•Kinney, Arthur (2000). Tudor England: An Encyclopedia. Garland Science.
•Logan, F. Donald. "Thomas Cromwell and the Vicegerency in Spirituals: A Revisitation," English Historical Review Vol. 103, No. 408 (Jul., 1988), pp. 658–667 in JSTOR
•Warnicke, Retha M. (2008). Katherine [Catherine; née Katherine Howard] (1518x24–1542), Queen of England and Ireland, fifth consort of Henry VIII. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Weir, Alison (1991). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Grove Weidenfeld.
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell
[5] wikipedia
[6] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[7] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888
[8] The name Crawford is of Scottish origin and is said to mean a "bloody crossing" as the early Crawfords were a warlike clan. Crawfords of Adams County, OH, Compiled by H. Margorie Crawford, Ph. D. Professor of Chemistry, Vassar College, 1943.
[10] The Brothers Crawford, Volume 1 Allen W. Scholl
[11] wikipedia
[12] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[13] Proposed descendants of William Smith.
[14] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[15] Wilderness Empire, by Allan W. Eckert pg 245
[16] 34 We have not seen any contemporaneous documents that actually refer to ―Nemocolin‘s path‖. The phrase seems to be something that a historian dreamed up long afterwards as sort of a shorthand way to credit Nemacolin for laying out and marking the Ohio Company road. The earliest and only credible documentary evidence of
Nemacolin‘s road work that we have seen was written by John Jacob in his 1826 book ―A biographical sketch of
the life of the late Captain Michael Cresap‖ (See Chapter Four). Mr. Jacob was in a position to know, based on
his close association with the Michael Cresap family, with whom Nemacolin‘s son lived. A number of other
statements related to Nemacolin seem to be ―stretched‖ from Jacob‘s few brief statements about Nemacolin.
35 Various other books also indicate that the route identified by Nemacolin followed the Catawba trail, including
George P. Donehoo‘s 1928 book ―A History of the Indian Villages and Place Names in Pennsylvania with
Numerous Historical Notes and References‖, and James Hadden‘s 1910 book ―Washington’s Expeditions
(1753-1754) And Braddock’s Expedition (1755)‖.
[17] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 24.
[18] In Search of Turkey Foot Road
[19] In Search of Turkey Foot Road.
[20] In Search of Turkey Foot Road.
[21] In Search of Turkey Foot Road.
[22] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[24] The Northern Light, Vol. 9 No. November 5, 1978, Declaration of Independence, by Ronald E. Heaton and Harold V. B. Voorhis. Page 12.
[25] The Platte Grenadier Battalion Journal:Enemy
View by Bruce Burgoyne, pg 151
[26] http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/AMREV-HESSIANS/1999-03/0922729801
[27] The Platte Grenadier Battalion Journal:Enemy
View by Bruce Burgoyne, pg 151
[28] http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/AMREV-HESSIANS/1999-03/0922729801
[29] http://www.wvgenweb.org/marshall/revwar.htm
[30] http://uweb.superlink.net/monmouth/crownorder.html
[31] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[32] On this Day in America, by John Wagman.
[33] It is well known that Mr. Slover mentioned these circumstances at his first coming into Wheeling, and before he could have known the relation of the doctor, for that this is an evidence of the truth of the doctor’s account, and his own. H.B.
[34] Narrative of John Slover
[35] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles
[36] wikipedia
[37] (New Madrid Archives #966) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[38] http://penningtons.tripod.com/jepthagenealogy.htm
[39] On this day in America, by John Wagman.
[40] Jung
[41] Jung
[42] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hawk_War
[43] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover
[44] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover
[45] IV HISTORIC ROYAL SPEECHES AND WRITINGS The British Monarchy web site [http://www.royal.gov.uk]
[46] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Augustus_I_of_Hanover
[47] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Albany
[48] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[49] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[50] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[51] wikipedia
[52] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[53] On this Day in America by John Wagman.
[54] www.wikipedia.org
[55] Cities of the Underworld, Hist, 3/31/2008
[56] Timetable of Cherokee Removal
[57] The Northeastern Reporter (1911) 491-492 sent by Jim Funkhouser 5/30/2009
[58] Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany
[59] http://www.boundarystones.org/
[60] http://www.geni.com/people/Fritz-Lemm-Marugg-Sr/6000000008177815240
[61] The First World War, MIL 2/5/2003 Part I.
[62] wikipedia
[63] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria
[64] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
[65] Paris 1919, Military Channel, 11/13/2009
[66]Paris, 1919 11/13/2009 Military Channel
[67] On this Day in America by John Wagman.
[68] Third Reich, The Rise, 12/14/2010 HIST
[69] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles
[70] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 188.
[71] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 188.
[72] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 188-189.
[73] On this Day in America, by John Wagman.
[74] On this Day in America, by John Wagman.
[75] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.
[76] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 45.
[77] Memorial to the Jews Deprted from France 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 35.
[78] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 379.
[79]
[80] Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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