This Day in Goodlove History, July 16, 2014

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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.

The Goodlove Family History Website:

http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html

The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

• • Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004



George A. Coup

John Godlove

William C. LeClere

Daniel W. Mckinnon

Mathew Peters

Hugh C. Preston

Mary E. Rich Perius

Eric C. Trout

July 16, 622: The Prophet Mohammed begins his Hijra from Mecca to Medina.[2] In the face of continuing persecution, Muhammad and about 200 of his followers left Mecca and journeyed to Yathrib. This important event became known as the Hijra (the Arabic word means “migration” or to leave one‘s tribe).[1] The Islamic calendar starts with the Hijra, the migration of Muslims from Mecca to Yathrib. That event occurred in the year 622 C.E. according to the Western calendar. In Yathrib (now known as Medina), the original Islamic state was established and defended. [1][1][2]

When Muhammad arrived in Yathrib, he united the different tribes of the city under an agreement called the wathiqat al Madina. This treaty bound the different tribes to cooperate in the mutual defense of the city and outlined a procedure for prosecuting crimes committed by a member of one tribe or community against a person of different community. Under Muhammad’s leadership, the Muslims flourished in Yathrib. [3]



The first mosque was built next to his house, and it became a center of religious and social activities. Many people of Yathrib accepted Muhammad’s message, and Islamic ideas soon became the basis of the city’s judicial and social systems. (After Muhammad’s death, the city would become known as Madinat al-Nabi-”City of the Prophet” or, more commonly in the West, Medina.)[4]

In Islam the umma, or Muslim community, is the basis of all social relations. Members of the umma were expected to protect and defend one another regardless of their previous tribal affiliations. If any group with in the umma was threatened, the rest of the umma was obliged to defend them. The concept of umma supplanted the traditional Arab notion of family and tribal obligations. Acceptance of this new social ideal was an important act of faith for the Muslims.[5]

[6]


623:

Nakhla expedition[7]






[8]

624: The need for solidarity became evident when warfare broke out between Mecca and Yathrib in 624. Muhammad’s forces won an important victory at the Battle of Badr that year.[9] Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa Jews from Madina.[10]









625: A Quaraysh army routed the Muslims. The Muslims forced one of the Jewish tribes of Yathrib, the Banu Qaynuqa’ to leave the city because this tribe had violated the agreement by not coming to the aid of the Muslims.[11]


626:

Expedition of Banu Mustaliq. [12]




627: In 627 the Meccans targeted Yathrib again, sending a large army to attack the city. The Muslims built defenses just in time to thwart the attack. A Jewish tribe in the city, the Banu Qurayza, secretly conspired to let the Meccans into Yathrib through the gate they guarded. This plot was unsuccessful. The Meccans were ultimately forced to with draw in failure, and Muhammad and the Muslims attacked the Banu Qurayza, who eventually surrendered. According to tradition, their punishment, in which all the men of the tribe were killed, was taken from the Torah: “If they refuse to make peace and they engage you in battle, lay siege to that city. When the Lord your God delivers it into your hand, put to the sword all the men in it. As for the women and children, the livestock and everything else in the ciyt, you may take these as plunder for yourselves” (Deuteronomy 20: 12-14). [13]

July 16, 1099: Crusaders herded the Jews of Jerusalem into a synagogue and set it aflame. All of the Jews perished in the fire. For the 88 years of Crusader control of Jerusalem, Jews were officially barred from the city. [14]

July 16, 1517:
1.Lady Frances Brandon (July 16, 1517 – 20 November 1559); she married Henry Grey, Marquess of Dorset and was the mother of Lady Jane Grey[15]

July 16, 1532: The King's gratitude to Cromwell was expressed in a grant of the lordship of Romney in Newport in Wales and appointment to three relatively minor offices: Master of the Jewels on April 14, 1532, Clerk of the Hanaper on July 16, and Chancellor of the Exchequer on April 12, 1533. None of these offices afforded much income, but the grants were an indication of royal favour and gave Cromwell a position in three major institutions of government: the royal household, the Chancery, and the Exchequer.[1] [16][17]

July 16, 1546: July 16, 1546: – Anne Askew is burnt at the stake for heresy. [18]
Anne Askew (née Anne Ayscough, married name Anne Kyme) (born 1520/1521 – died July 16, 1546)[1] was an English poet and Protestant who was condemned as a heretic. She is the only woman on record known to have been both tortured in the Tower of London and burnt at the stake. She is also chronologically the earliest female poet listed in Wikipedia as having composed in the English language and the first Englishwoman to have demanded a divorce (especially, as an innocent party on scriptural grounds).[2]

Life

Born at Stallingborough in 1520 or 1521 into a gentry family of Lincolnshire, she was forced by her father, Sir William Askew (1490–1541), to marry Thomas Kyme when she was fifteen, as a substitute for her sister Martha who had recently died.[3] Anne rebelled against her husband by refusing to adopt his surname. She had at least one child, a son, William Askew.[4]

The Dictionary of National Biography says no more than that she left her children to go "gospelling". Her marriage did not go well, not least because of her strong Protestant beliefs. When she returned from London, where she had gone to teach against the doctrine of transubstantiation, her husband turned her out of the house. She then went again to London to ask for a divorce, justifying it from scripture (1 Corinthians 7:15), on the grounds that her husband was not a believer. Eventually, Askew left her husband and went to London where she gave sermons and distributed Protestant books. These books had been banned and so she was arrested. Her husband was sent for and ordered to take her home to Lincolnshire. She escaped and not long after was back preaching in London.[citation needed]

Background on 1546

In the last year of Henry VIII's reign, Askew was caught up in a court struggle between religious traditionalists and reformers. Stephen Gardiner was telling the king that diplomacy — the prospect of an alliance with the Catholic Emperor Charles V — required a halt to religious reform. The traditionalist party pursued tactics tried out three years previously, with the arrests of minor evangelicals in the hope that they would implicate those who were more highly placed. In this case measures were taken that were "legally bizarre and clearly desperate".[5] The persons rounded up were in many cases strongly linked to Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, who spent most of the period absent from court in Kent: Askew's brother Edward Ayscough was one of his servants, and Nicholas Shaxton who was brought in to put pressure on Askew to recant was acting as a curate for Cranmer at Hadleigh. Others in Cranmer's circle who were arrested were Rowland Taylor and Richard Turner.[5]

The traditionalist party included Thomas Wriothesley and Richard Rich who racked Askew in the Tower, Edmund Bonner and Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. The intention of her interrogators may have been to implicate the Queen, Catherine Parr, through the latter's ladies-in-waiting and close friends, who were suspected of having also harboured Protestant beliefs. These ladies included the Queen's sister, Anne Parr, Katherine Willoughby, Anne Stanhope, and Anne Calthorpe. Other targets were Lady Denny and Lady Hertford, wives of evangelicals at court.[5]


Arrest and interrogation




In 1545, Anne Askew was arrested and accused as a heretic. She was examined by Anglican clerics regarding her beliefs and found to disagree with their doctrine of transubstantiation. She was then brought before Bishop Bonner. He was unable to draw anything from her that would incriminate her, so instead he taunted her with the insinuation that her life was not as pure as the Scripture required. She calmly challenged him to bring forth anyone who could prove dishonesty in her.[6] He could not and eventually released her.[7]

Thomas Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor of England at that time, undertook the prosecution. He subjected her to an examination which lasted five hours. He asked her opinion of the bread and the eucharist. She replied; "I believe that as oft as I, in Christian congregation, receive the bread in remembrance of Christ's death, and with thanksgiving, according to His holy institution, I receive therewith the fruits also of His most glorious passion." She was then asked; "How can you avoid the very words of Christ, 'Take, eat, this is my body which is broken for you?'" She replied, "Christ's meaning in this passage ... is similar to the meaning of those other places of Scripture, 'I am the door', 'I am the vine', 'Behold the Lamb of God', 'That rock was Christ', and other such references to Himself. You are not in these texts to take Christ for the material thing which He is signified by, for then you will make Him a very door, a vine, a lamb, a stone, quite contrary to the Holy Ghost's meaning. All these indeed do signify Christ, even as the bread signifies His body in that place."[8] She was sent back to Newgate.[9] [19]





July 16, 1557: – Anne of Cleves dies at Chelsea Manor. [20]


Anne of Cleves





Portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger, c. 1539. Oil and Tempera on Parchment mounted on canvas, Musée du Louvre, Paris.


Queen consort of England


Tenure

January 6, 1540 – July 9, 1540



Spouse

Henry VIII of England


House

House of La Marck (by birth)
House of Tudor (by marriage)


Father

John III, Duke of Cleves


Mother

Maria of Jülich-Berg


Born

(1515-09-22)September 22, 1515
Düsseldorf, Duchy of Berg,
Holy Roman Empire


Died

July 16, 1557(1557-07-16) (aged 41)
Chelsea Manor, England


Signature




Religion

Roman Catholic, then Anglican and finally again Roman Catholic


Anne of Cleves (German: Anna; September 22, 1515[1] – July 16, 1557) was Queen of England from January 6, 1540 to July 9, 1540 as the fourth wife of King Henry VIII. The marriage was never consummated, and she was not crowned queen consort. Following the annulment of their marriage, Anne was given a generous settlement by the King, and thereafter referred to as the King's Beloved Sister. She lived to see the coronation of Mary I of England, outliving the rest of Henry's wives.

Anne died at Chelsea Old Manor on July 16, 1557, eight weeks before her forty-second birthday. The cause of her death was most likely to have been cancer.[14] She was buried in Westminster Abbey, on August 3, in what has been described as a "somewhat hard to find tomb" on the opposite side of Edward the Confessor's shrine and slightly above eye level for a person of average height. She is the only wife of Henry VIII to be buried in the Abbey.

She also has the distinction of being the last of Henry VIII's wives to die (she outlived Henry's last wife, Catherine Parr, by 9 years). She was not the longest-lived, however, since Catherine of Aragon was 50 at the time of her death and Anne was only 41.

Literature

Anne is the subject of three biographies: Julia Hamilton's Anne of Cleves (1972), and Mary Saaler's Anne of Cleves: fourth wife of Henry VIII (1995), and Elizabeth Norton's Anne of Cleves: Henry VIII's Discarded Bride (2009). Retha Warnicke has written an academic study on Anne's marriage called The Marrying of Anne of Cleves. Royal Protocol in Early Modern England (2000).

Anne of Cleves appears as a character in many historical novels about Henry's reign. In The Fifth Queen (1906) by Ford Madox Ford she is portrayed as a sensible, practical woman who happily settles for divorce in return for material benefits. Anne of Cleves is the main character of My Lady of Cleves (1946) by Margaret Campbell Barnes. About a third of The Boleyn Inheritance (2006) by Philippa Gregory is recounted from Anne's point of view, covering the period of Henry VIII's marriages to her and to her successor Catherine Howard. The book concludes with Anne living away from court, and avoiding the execution ceremonies of Howard and of Jane Boleyn, sister-in-law to one of Henry's queens and lady-in-waiting to all the others, including Anne. Gregory includes Anne in a non-fictional review of the period at the end of the book.

Anne and her Holbein portrait in the Louvre are the focus of the novel Amenable Women (2009) by Mavis Cheek.[15] Anne and Catherine Howard are the subject of The Queen's Mistake by Diane Haeger (2009), while Anne and Jane Seymour are covered in Volume 3 of Dixie Atkins's tetralogy A Golden Sorrow (2010).

In popular media
•Rick Wakeman recorded the piece "Anne of Cleves" for his 1973 album, The Six Wives of Henry VIII
•Anne of Cleves was played by Elvi Hale in the episode Anne of Cleves in the television series The Six Wives of Henry VIII
•The role of Anne of Cleves was played by actress and singer Joss Stone in the Showtime cable television series The Tudors.
•In The Simpsons episode "Father Knows Worst", when Homer falls asleep while building a balsa wood model of Westminster Abbey, he has a vision of the ghost of Anne of Cleves played by Pamela Hayden. In the episode "Margical History Tour," Anne is portrayed by Otto Mann during Marge's retelling of Henry's reign. Henry (portrayed by Homer) quickly orders Anne's beheading after realizing she is a he.
•The role of Anne of Cleves was played by Elsa Lanchester in The Private Life of Henry VIII, which was released in 1933. Lanchester's husband Charles Laughton played Henry VIII and won an Academy Award for his portrayal. The film received a best picture nomination; the first for a picture made outside the U.S..
•Kate Beaton authored a comic strip "Anne of Cleves Gables" on the webcomic "Hark a Vagrant"

Ancestry


[show]Ancestors of Anne of Cleves












































16. Adolph I, Duke of Cleves



























8. John I, Duke of Cleves



































17. Marie of Burgundy



























4. John II, Duke of Cleves









































18. John II, Count of Nevers



























9. Elizabeth of Nevers



































19. Jacqueline d'Ailly



























2. John III, Duke of Cleves















































20. Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse



























10. Henry III, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg



































21. Anna of Saxony



























5. Mathilde of Hesse









































22. Philip I, Count of Katzenelnbogen



























11. Anna of Katzenelnbogen



































23. Anna of Württemberg



























1. Anne of Cleves





















































24. William VIII of Jülich, Count of Ravensberg



























12. Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg



































25. Adelheid of Tecklenburg



























6. William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg









































26. Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg



























13. Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg



































27. Adelheid of Pomerania



























3. Maria of Jülich-Berg















































28. Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg



























14. Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg



































29. Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut



























7. Sibylle of Brandenburg









































30. Frederick II, Elector of Saxony



























15. Anna of Saxony



































31. Margarete of Austria


























[21]

English royalty




Vacant

Title last held by

Jane Seymour

Queen consort of England
Lady of Ireland
January 6–July 9, 1540

Vacant

Title next held by

Catherine Howard







July 16, 1568: She arrives at Bolton castle, belonging to Lord Scrope, in the county of York.



Mary had rejected, on several occasions, the proposal made to her to justify herself before a commission, and had never ceased to assist on being admitted to the presence of EUzabeth. Yet, at length, she con-

sented that the English commissioners should enquire into the conduct of Murray and his' friends. The ministers of Elizabeth then proposed to Mary that she should name deputies to assist^ on her part, at the conferences which were to be held on the subject.

To this, unhappily, she consented, contrary to the advice of her best councillors, and thereby submitted herself implicitly to the decision of the commissioners of Elizabeth. [22]



July 1644: Marston Moor

By the time of the Battle of Marston Moor in July 1644, Cromwell had risen to the rank of Lieutenant General of horse in Manchester's army. The success of his cavalry in breaking the ranks of the Royalist cavalry and then attacking their infantry from the rear at Marston Moor was a major factor in the Parliamentarian victory. Cromwell fought at the head of his troops in the battle and was slightly wounded in the neck, stepping away briefly to receive treatment during the battle but returning to help force the victory.[26] After Cromwell's nephew was killed at Marston Moor he wrote a famous letter to his brother-in-law. Marston Moor secured the north of England for the Parliamentarians, but failed to end Royalist resistance. [23]



July 1664 and July 1665: Soon after, Louis started an affair with one of Henrietts's ladies-in-waiting by the name of Louise de La Vallière, who had joined her household at the end of 1661 and had protected Henrietta with regards to her affair with Guiche. The couple's next child was a son born in July 1664 who was given the title Duke of Valois. The son, however, died in 1666 of convulsions after being baptised Philippe Charles hours before death. The loss of the little Duke of Valois affected Henrietta greatly.[22] She gave birth to a stillborn daughter in July 1665,[23] but another daughter was born in 1669 who was baptised Anne Marie in 1670.

In 1666, her husband's most prominent lover, the Chevalier de Lorraine, became attached to the Orléans household[24] – Lorraine would often vie for power within Philippe's household, an unusual arrangement for the time.

Henrietta has often been praised as a cultured princess and her correspondence with Moliere, Racine, La Fontaine, Bussy-Rabutin and others is notable.[25] She was also a lover of gardening, and it was she who created a water garden at the Palais Royal.[26] Henrietta also amassed a large and prestigious picture collection that included paintings by Van Dyke and Corregio.[27] Her active personality has caused historians to think that she showed signs of Anorexia nervosa.[28]

Late in 1669, Henriette lost her mother Queen Henrietta Maria, who died after having taken an excessive quantity of opiates as a painkiller.[29] Henrietta was devastated, and the situation was not helped by Philippe's immediate rush to claim all her possessions before she had even been buried.

Secret Treaty of Dover

Henriette was instrumental in diplomatic negotiations between her native England and adopted France. Her brother Charles II, with whom she had always been very close, had been trying to establish a closer relationship with France. Having been under discussion since 1663, it was not till 1669 that Charles II set the wheels into motion by openly admitting he would become a Roman Catholic and vowing to bring England under Roman Catholicism. Henriette was eager to visit her homeland and Louis XIV encouraged her in order for the treaty to take place. Philippe, however, annoyed with Henrietta for her flirting with Guiche and his previous lovers, remained adamant that she should not be allowed to go complaining to the English king and that she should remain at his side in France.

July 16, 1664: Philippe Charles d'Orléans, Duke of Valois (July 16, 1664 – December 8, 1666) died in infancy. [24]

July 1665: In London, 17,036 people die of the Bubonic Plague by July.[25]

July 1670: Andrew Vance was born abt. July 1670 in Ireland, the s/o John "Vans" Vance and Mary Elizabeth "Williamson" Vance. He later married 1st: Elizabeth Colvin, and 2nd: Jane Wilson Hoge b. abt. 1680.[26]

July 1690: The second son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II. Members of Britain's political and religious elite increasingly suspected him of being pro-French and pro-Catholic and of having designs on becoming an absolute monarch. When he produced a Catholic heir, the tension exploded, and leading nobles called on his Protestant son-in-law and nephew, William III of Orange, to land an invasion army from the Netherlands, which he did. James fled England (and thus was held to have abdicated) in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.[3] He was replaced by his Protestant elder daughter, Mary II, and her husband, William III. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns from William and Mary, when he landed in Ireland in 1689 but, after the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life as a pretender at a court sponsored by his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV.


James is best known for struggles with the English Parliament and his attempts to create religious liberty for English Roman Catholics and Protestant nonconformists against the wishes of the Anglican establishment. However, he also continued the persecution of the Presbyterian Covenanters in Scotland. Parliament, opposed to the growth of absolutism that was occurring in other European countries, as well as to the loss of legal supremacy for the Church of England, saw their opposition as a way to preserve what they regarded as traditional English liberties. This tension made James's four-year reign a struggle for supremacy between the English Parliament and the Crown, resulting in his deposition, the passage of the English Bill of Rights, and the Hanoverian succession.


Early life





James with his father, Charles I[27]





July 1690:

William and Mary were faced in 1689 with two Jacobite attempts to regain the throne. In Scotland government troops were defeated at Killiekrankie by Scottish Jacobites but won shortly afterwards at Dunkeld, and James II landed in Ireland with French troops and laid siege to Londonderrry. William’s navy relieved the siege and he led is army to victory at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690. James fled back to France. William returned several times to the Netherlands but found the English parliament reluctant to support his continuing war

with France. The Bank of England was founded in 1694 to control public expenditure. Williamsburg and the college of William and Mary in Virginia, were named after the King and Queen in 1693.

Mary died of smallpox in 1694 and had no surviving children. William now ruled alone. The Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 marked the end of the war with in Flanders with Louis XIV. William formed an alliance between England, Holland and Austria to prevent the union of the French and Spanish crowns. This became known as the ‘War of Spanish Succession’. In 1701 following death of Prince William, the nly surviving son of Mary’s sister Anne, the Act of Settlement was passed ensuring succession of Protestant heirs of Sophie of Hanover instead of the Catholic heirs of James. William died on 1702 of pneumonia following a broken collar bone after a fall from his horse. Because his horse had reputedly stumbled on a mole’s burrow Jacobites toasted 'the little gentleman in the black velvet waistcoat.'




King William III's Signature






Quotes:

‘The liberties of England and the Protestant religion I will maintain’ – William III (on landing in England to take the crown from Catholic James II)

’Dutch Billy’ – nickname for King William III

[28]



July 16, 1751 instructions from the Ohio Company to Christopher Gist stated:

…You are to look out & observe the nearest & most convenient Road You can find from

the Company‘s Store at Wills‘s Creek to a Landing at Mohongeyela; from thence You are to proceed down the Ohio on the South Side thereof, as low as the Big Conhaway, and up

the same as far as You judge proper, and find good Land—You are all the Way to keep

an exact Diary & Journal & therein note every Parcel of good Land…[29]



Tuesday July 16, 1754:

Lt. Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia returns to Williamsburg (the capital of Virginia) from Winchester. Upon his arrival, Dinwiddie receives the news that Washington had surrendered at Fort Necessity. He immediately begins to write letters to the governors of the other British colonies criticizing them for their lack of support. [30]

July 16, 1755: This Genealogy has Abner's birthdate as July 16, 1755

http://www.skenworthy.com/vance.html

This research say Abner kin to Alexander..

http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/WVLOGAN/2003-12/1070464485

http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/WVLOGAN/2003-12/1070420477

http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/WVLOGAN/2003-12/1070452112

The Matthew mentioned below is Mathias or Levi Matthew

Correspondence with Vance DNA group

Hi Keith,

Sorry to take so long getting back to you. We have at least two Abner descendants in the project already. One of them is, like you, a descendant of Abner's son Richard (through his son Paris). We have about all we need on the DNA front when it comes to Abner. You're still welcome to test if you want, but it probably won't advance our understanding of Abner's genealogy. You can see the results here: http://www.vancegenealogy.com/results.php#. As you can see, Abner's descendants closely match several other participants.

I don't think there's much debate over Abner being the son of Ephraim Vaus/Vance. Simply put, there's no good evidence to suggest that he was Ephraim's son. I'm sure a DNA test from an Ephraim descendant would settle the issue, but I think that's just one of those things you see floating around the internet that looks like it's on good authority, but actually there's no evidence for it. Incidentally, there's no evidence to suggest that Ephraim himself was the son of Andrew Vance. At one point, every single Vance in America was supposed to be descended from Andrew, so if the generation fit, people just made the person Andrew's son.

On the other hand, based on DNA it seems very likely that Abner was closely related to Matthew Vance of Pittsylvania County, VA. The DNA evidence and other traditional evidence link the two families. Opinions differ over whether Abner was Matthew's son or perhaps a nephew, but it is very likely that they were closely related.

Let me know if you'd still like to participate in the DNA project or if you have any other questions.

- Adam Bradford

Administrator, Vance Y-DNA Project[31]

July 16, 1755:


1755

July 16, 1755

Age 19

President John attended Cambridge, Middlesex, MA/Har...

Cambridge, Middlesex, MA/Harvard


July 16, 1755

Age 19

enrolled on 7/16/1755

Cambridge, Middlesex Co, MA; Education: grad. Harvard


[32]



July 16, 1771: Lawrence and Catherine's children moved to Kentucky. According to the Draper Manuscripts Lawrence was a brother of Benjamin Harrison the signer of the Declaration of Independence and letter therein dated. However the birthdate listed in the IGI indicates some conflict here. Tennessee Cousins states that Lawrence's parents were Andrew Harrison (b. 1666) and Elizabeth Battaile.

Lawrence Harrison, Constable, resided in OrangeCo, VA as late as 1754; removed to Frederick Co, VA in 1758; remained until 1762 and removed to Bedford Co PA where he is of record as being Township Supervisor, July 16, 1771. Bedford Co. was erected in 1771 and from it, later Fayette Co was erected in 1783. While the lands which he and his children owned are in what is known as Fayette Co now, they were during his lifetime in Bedford Co, where "Letters of Administration were granted to Catherine Harrison, his wife, and son, William Harrison, January 14, 1772". Sometime following her husband's death Catherine Harrison went to KY and was residing with her sister, Mary (Harrison) Moore, wife of Capt Thomas Moore, where she died 1826. [33]

July 16 1771

He (Lawrence Harrison) is recorded as having been the township supervisor July 16, 177l. Bedford County was erected 1771 and from it later Fayette County was erected in 1783. [34]

"In Tyrone Township, Fayette County, Pa., Charles Harrison’s neighbors were: William Harrison, William Crawfordd, Tom. Moore—_single, Tom Git, Nicholas Dawson, Uriah Springer and Joseph Vance." (Pa. Arch. S. 3, Vol. 22, p. 50) This quotation is quite enlightening, because it shows that Charles Harrison was still with his own relatives. [35]


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------




July 16, 1771

Lawrence3 Harrison was township Supervisor of Bedford County, Pennsylvania, July 16, 1771. [Robert Torrence, Torrence and Allied Families (Philadelphia: Wickersham Press, 1938), 325; Israel Daniel Rupp, History and Topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, and Bedford Counties (Lancaster, Pennsylvania: G. Hills, 1846), 490.]



1771

Lawrence3 Harrison became the first Supervisor for Tyrone Township, in the newly created Pennsylvania County called Bedford. [James Edward Harrison, A comment of the family of ANDREW HARRISON who died in ESSEX COUNTY, VIRGINIA in 1718 (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: privately printed, no date), 59.]



1771-1772

A money dispute in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, is useful to this study. In 1771, Jacob Hite of Virginia brought suit against William Crawford and Lawrence3 Harrison. In 1772, Jacob Hite pursued his claim against Crawford and the executors of Harrison's estate. Jacob Hite thought of Lawrence3 Harrison's widow as Katharina. Papers recorded in later years in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, support Jacob Hite's idea. Although she sometimes appeared in the record as Catherine, Lawrence3 Harrison's widow called herself Katherina. [James Edward Harrison, A comment of the family of ANDREW HARRISON who died in ESSEX COUNTY, VIRGINIA in 1718 (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: privately printed, no date), 59.][36]

July 16, 1773



[37]







FROM MR. GILBERT SIMPSON.



July: y [mutilated3 1773

HONOERD SR I Receved your Letter of the 8 of Junly in which I Find YOU are much disturevd and I am Reyley Sorrey that you Should be so much uneasey at a thing that kind before you know that you are a Loosing anything I Full well know I must bear all the blame and Sure I am to bear all the Loos tho verey Ill able to bear any for I know my Self to be a Great Looser in this present year and not only So but I verely beleve I am a Greatter by not Going to yor Land for Good -by but what must becom of that house that devids against its Self for my wife never Let me fairly know her intencions unteel your Negro,s and other things Came to me and then I thoug[ht] it was best to gooe out and Settle In hoops She would Com in to another way of thinking but f the more I Strove to persuad the Further She Semd to be of and to Give a person so Nearly Connected as a wife is unease perhaps all there days I Could not So I think my Self at this time to be in a fare uneaseye way than what you Can have any Right to be in For Sr I am Going [to] Let you know why I think you Can be at no los in the first plase you Furnish me with two hands as Sorrey as they Could well be for the fellow is a worthless hand and I beleive aliways will be so Sum occasiond by his feet and Sum Natural in his boons as for the Garl She knew nothing of work but I beleive She will make a fine hand after two or three years in the next plase I Saved you teen or twelve pounds by Settleing on yor Land as I did for it was taxt as unCultavated Lands but Capt. Crawford told me that Coming on the Land he would have the tax taken off in the Next plase there is a hansom Little Improvement made on your Land according to the time and hands For I Neve[r] Lit of harder work nor did more of it in the time than I did ther for I find the Clearing is as hard there as any where for tho the Grubing is Lit[t]l[e] the Cuting is vastly heavey occasiond by the Great Number of old trees Lying on the Earth tho I Got Six acers in Corn and under Good fens from the 6 of aprel unteel the 7 of may and the Ground well brook up and Cleard two acres more and had my Corn all hild up before I Came awaye which was abot the first week in June which was a fort night Sooner than intended to Com in but had I not a Com when I did I mus have Lost my horses by the Great Number of Flyes and no paster to keep them in and as I had a Good deel of harvisting at home I Could not Stayd above a fort night Longer and as for the work Going on I am not the Least aifrade for I Laid off anuf to bee don and am nowise affrade of its being don according to the Goodnes of the hands for I aliwise found my fellow faithful to his trust and to do more when I was from him thn when I was present and as I Got a nye Neibur to Com onst a day to derect them I think there is but Little daynger of the work Going on by which meens Sr I think your Land 50 better this day than it was the first day I Set feet on it for to Consider the hard of Going into the woods and haveing Every rnouthfull of bread to buy and not noing wheare to buy it for Sum time Conciderable and no house to put ones head in Except an 4 old bark Cabbin of Nine feet SQuair in which I was forst to Remain for fifteen days and Nights occasiond by bad wether which had Like to have been my Last by Catching bad Colds unteel it flung me in to fevers but now the worst is over there is a Good Large Cabben of Eighteen feet SQuair and the inside hulid all down and in Good order to make a Qu[a]rter of or to take of ruff and to put a Shingeld on whch was the in tent of it at first So to Concider all things I beleive Sr you will not find your Self at Such a Loos as you Complan of as f9r I am Certain that ther is not Such another plase to be found as yours is booth for the Goodness of the Land and the Convenans of the plase for I do beleive had I a been provided with Corn and oats and pastering that I Could have maid fifteen pounds this Spring by Travelers and a been at Little trouble So your plase is now in a fine begining way and I do verely beleive that you may See more profit in Seven years time by keeping Six hands and Stock on that plase with an overseer if he be a fathfull person than you would by twelve hands on any of your other Lands otherwise if you was to Rent it out I Look on it to [be] worth Six or Eight pounds a year from the Jump and your hands Could be brought baik and all your other affairs Could be Sold to a Great advantage So that I am Sorrey Sr Should Complain before you Consider the matter aright it is true you may be at a Loos to Get a proper person to undertake your buysness for you tho there is ma[n]y will offer of which this Letter Corns by one of the Name Richard Stogdon from the Nor[t]h and a utter Strainger to me by whos hands I hope you will Send me a Line or tow mor to Let me know whether you will bee at home at your august or not for then I would Corn down to alexandria I would have Corn to you Long Sens but I have been Tormened with boyles insomch that I Could not Ride ever Sence I have been at home but Sr my advise to you is to Get an Overseer if you Give him Standing wag[e]s for depend it will bee more to your profit than to bee in partnersnip with any person for the profits ariseing from the plase must bee Great I would bee Glad to know whether you perpose to take any part or all my things or not So Sr I Remain your humble Srt.

GILBT SIMPSON

LOUDOUN[38]



July 16, 1763: Leading into Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763, the experienced Indian hands George Croghan and William Johnson warned Amherst of Indian problems brewing on the frontier, but Amherst appeared to ignore their cries. Amherst was adamant in his refusal to pay “gifts” to the Indians to appease and to gain favor. He was determined that “gifts” were a waste of money and an unhealthy precedent. Amherst felt the Indians must hunt, trade, raise food, and otherwise perform in a manner insuring their ability to maintain themselves. It was Amherst’s order that took Colonel Bouquet west in 1764 to Muskingum. Amherst was never a great backer of Fort Pitt. He criticized its construction. When flooding on the Allegheny River nearly destroyed the fort, he declared the design should be redrawn, and the fort rebuilt at a different site. Amherst was exasperated by the lack of interest by the Penn Proprietary in the defense of its western frontier.

On July 16, 1763 in a letter to Colonel Bouquet he authorized genocide against the Indians. .[39]

July 16, 1775 – Captain Hugh Stephenson filled the ranks of his company in response to General Washington’s call. The troops departed "Morgan's Spring," about one-half mile south of Shepherdstown (and not far from Peter Burr’s house) as they began their 600 mile march in 24 days. (He lost several days due to a good-humored trick by Daniel Morgan who wanted to be the first to march him men into Cambridge.) This response with the departure of both Virginia companies became known as the Beeline March to Cambridge. Stephenson’s Berkeley County volunteers were easily distinguished on the field of battle; they embroidered Patrick Henry's famous slogan "Liberty or Death" on their shirts. Tragically, many of them were taken prisoner when the British captured Forts Washington and Lee, and many died after being treated harshly. “Nowhere . . . was there a more prompt and determined response to the fervid appeal of Patrick Henry than the patriotic citizens of Shepherdstown showed . . .” (Honorable Alex Boteler, “My Ride to the Barbecue” -- 1860)

See Video:Beeline March to Cambridge, MA – Part I (5:25)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5Uca5EkKtw



See Video: Beeline March to Cambridge, MA – Part II (4:39)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LrkTrGXrO4

Two companies of Virginians, one leaving from near Morgans Grove, (in Shepherdstown) marched 600 miles in 25 days, to join the Continental Army - July-August, 1775.

· July 16, 1775 – Some of Stephenson’s troops assembling for the Beeline March would have traveled up Warm Springs Road that went through Peter Burr’s property. We can only wonder what feelings were felt as residents of all ages watched these eager volunteers moving with passion toward the rally site. [40]

·

· Sunday, July 16th, 1775.

·

· Went to Major Crawford’s, delivered some letters I had for him, gives me bad accounts of the Boston affair. Informs me Lord Dunmore had abdicated the Government of Virginia and gone on board a Man of War.[41]



July 16, 1775: Colonel Hugh Stephenson led the famous Bee Line March that left from Morgan Springs (near Shepherdstown) on July 16, 1775 and marched to Cambridge, Massachusetts to join the Continental Army, covering 600 miles in 24 days. Colonel Stephenson's half-brother, Colonel William Crawford, who also lived at what is now known as Beverley for a time, was also a noted Revolutionary soldier who was burned at the stake by Indians in 1782. George Washington was friends with Richard Stephenson and notes in his journal that he stayed at Bullskin with Richard during a visit to his own property in the area in May 1760.[2] George Washington performed the survey of the property for Richard Stephenson around 1750 which still survives to this day and is publicly displayed in the Boston Public Library.

The property passed by purchase from the Stephenson family to Dr. John Bull in 1777, and then to Beverley Whiting, in 1795. [42]

July 16, 1778: The Treaty of Amity and Commerce was ratified by France on July 16, 1778.[11] [43]

July 16, 1779: Battle of Stony Point - July 16, 1779.[44]

FORT PITT, July 16, 1782.

Sir:— This moment I have received an account that Han­nastown,[45] the county town of Westmoreland, was burned last Saturday afternoon by a large body of Indians, some say three hundred, others only one, with some mounted.1 That place is about thirty-five miles in the rear of Fort Pitt, on the main road leading to Philadelphia, generally called the Pennsyl­vania [Forbes] road. The Virginia [Braddock’s] road is yet open, but how long it will continue so is uncertain, as this stroke has alarmed the whole country beyond conception. Should the country be evacuated on the south side of me, I know not what the consequence will be, having no magazine of provision, indeed barely supplied from day to day. I can­not at present write more particularly, as I am not yet certain whether the enemy are not in force in the neighborhood. I have sundry reconnoitering parties out, but the bearer, a Mr. Elliott, who promises to forward this from Lancaster county, where he lives, could not be prevailed on to wait their return.[46]



“Extract of a letter from Westmoreland county, Pa., 16 July, 1782:

‘In a former letter I informed you of the unhappy fate of Col. Crawford, since which a man has made his escape from - the Indians who says that fire was made for his torture, when a very heavy rain came on and obliged them to defer his execution. During the night he was left tied in the care of three Indians who fell asleep; that he got loose and escaped without waking the Indians and arrived here seven clays after. He says the Indian from whom Dr. Knight escaped came to the town he was in, with his head much cut; that the Delawares applied to the Muncies for Col. Wm. Harrison (son-in-law to Crawford), who being given up was tortured in the most cruel manner, they having bound him to a stake, fired powder through every part of his skin for an hour, after which they cut him in quarters and hung them on stakes. This and other similar acts of barbarity the Indians said they did in revenge for the murders and robberies committed by our frontier inhabitants on their relations, the Moravians; and that in future they would spare none of our people.’ “— [47]



July 16, 1790: The Residence Act of July 16, 1790, as amended March 3, 1791, authorized President George Washington to select a 100-square-mile site for the national capital on the Potomac River between Alexandria, Virginia, and Williamsport, Maryland. President Washington selected the southernmost location within these limits, so that the capital would include all of present-day Old Town Alexandria, then one of the four busiest ports in the country. [48]

July 16, 1793


The original furnace (march, 1791), was a small establishment, but in 1793 Mr. Meason associated with him John Gibson and Moses Dillon, and this firm (styled Meason, Dillon & Co.) erected a much larger furnace and foundry on the site of the first one. On the formation of the partnership, July 16, 1793, Meason transferred to Dillon and Gibson one sixth of six hundred acres of the furnace which includes the furnace which is now erecting. With the houses and appurtenaces, and also one half of two thousand seven hundred acres adjoining, and between it and the Youghiogheny River.[49]



In 1793, Col Meason and Moses Dillon joined in rebuilding and enlarging Union Furnace. Their manufactures included stove castings, pots, dog irons, and salt kettles.[50]







July 16, 1816: After the revolution, David removed to Ohio where he served as Justice of Jefferson Co OH in 1799. A David and a Margaret Vance appear on tax lists of 1783 for Westmoreland Co PA. (PA Archives, XII, pp. 505, 393, and for 1786, p. 518. Children of David Vance are not listed in application, which is very early and dated 1899-1904. Only child listed is Samnyel coleille Vance, who married c. 1800 Mary Morris Lawrence. Their child Lawrence Martin Vance, b. July 16, 1816. Comments: Because of the early date of the application it is hard to tell about the validity of the information. However, the information tallies nicely, more or less, with the John Vance will dated December 10, 1777. This John Vance had a son David and a wife Margaret. Both David and Margaret also appear in 1790 Census in Fayette Co PA.[51]

July 16, 1819: Abner Vance, Spy/Scout (c.1760 - 1819)

View Abner Vance, Spy/Scout's complete profile:




Birthdate:

circa 1760


Birthplace:

North Carolina, United States


Death:

Died July 16, 1819 in Arlington, Virginia, United States


Occupation:

"Spy/Scout of the Revolution" Patriotic Service per DAR



Managed by:

Nicole Rockwell


Last Updated:

March 7, 2012


Immediate Family

Susannah Vance

wife

John Vance

son
◦

Tabitha Browning

daughter

James Vance

son

William Vance

son

Adina Vance

daughter

Richard Vance

son

Alena Vance

daughter

Elizabeth Vance

daughter

Abner Vance, Jr.

son

Millie "Polly" Vance Brown

daughter

Elijah Vance

son

About Abner Vance, Spy/Scout

In 1777 Abner VANCE and Matthew VANCE swore the Oath of Allegiance in Pittsylvania Co. Va. In 1777 a young man had to be 16 years of age before he could take the Oath. -------------------- Abner Vance migrated into the southwestern part of Virginia (Clinch River

Valley, Russell Co) sometime arount 1790. He was of the Baptist faith

and spent much of his time preaching. One of Abner's daughters (and it

is thought to have been Elizabeth) ran off with Lewis Horton. After

several months Lewis Horton returned with the girl and dropped her off at

her parent's home. It is said that Abner and Susannah pleaded with Lewis

to marry the girl. He refused and turned to ride away. Abner went into

the house and returned with his gun and shot Horton as he was riding

away. Horton died a few hours later. Abner became a fugitive….



,,,Abner was hanged on July 16, 1819 in Abingdon, VA. A short

time afterwards a courier arrived with a pardon from the Governor.

Susannah left and migrated into the Tug, Big Sandy and Guyandotte River

Valley. (see http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~marcusboyd/aqwg154.htm) -------------------- Abner Vance, was tried and convicted of the murder of a man who had “disgraced” his daughter. The governor issued a pardon for Abner but they had already hanged him by the time the pardon arrived.

"On Friday the 16th Instant, Abner Vance was executed at Abingdon, in pursuance of his

sentence, for the murder of Lewis Horton. He addressed the spectators,

about four thousand, for an hour and a half with considerable ability;

he died with the most heroic fortitude. He accused some of giving false

evidence against him; and said that if he had obtained a fair trial,

and nothing but the truth had been sworn against him, he thought the

penitentiary would have been proper punishment for his offense." from http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~deschart/z0001268.html

-------------------- "The Vance Song"

Bright shines the sun on Clinch's Hill. So soft the west wind blows. The valleys are lined with flowers gay, Perfumed with the wild rose.

Green are the woods through which Sandy flows. Peace dwells in the land. The bear doth live in the laurel green. The red buck roves the hills.

But Vance no more on Sandy behold Nor drink its crystal waves. The partial judge announced his doom. The hunters found his grave.

There's Daniel, Bill, and Lewis, A lie against me swore In order to take my life away That I may be no more.

But I and them shall meet again When Immanuel's trumpet shall blow. Perhaps I'll be wrapped in Abraham's bosom When they roll in the gulf below.

My body it will be laid in the tomb. My flesh it will decay, But the blood that was shed on Calvary Has washed my sins away.

Farewell, farewell, my old sweetheart, Your face I'll see no more. I'll meet you in the world above, Where parting is no more.[52]

July 16, 1822: Joseph (Josiah) Crawford

BIOGRAPHY: Joseph Crawford formerly appeared before the Court and declared that he was then 80 years old. That he had served in the Revolutionary War. Enlisted in the year of 1776 in Capt. Burks Company, in the State of Pennsylvania, attached to the 4th Regiment of Artillery to Captain Duffers Company, Pennsylvania Line. Was in Battle of Brandywine and Jamestown. He was discharged at City of Philadelphia, PA July 16, 1822.(This court appearance was to exempt him from taxes). The 1830 census lists him as over 80 and his wife over 60.
(Evelyn Pope) [53]

After 1830: JOSEPH "JOSIAH"6 CRAWFORD (VALENTINE5, VALENTINE4, WILLIAM3, MAJOR GENERAL LAWRENCE2, HUGH1) was born Abt. 1742 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, and died Aft. 1830 in Estell County, Kentucky. He married (1) ELIZABETH "BETSY" TOWNSEND. He married (2) UFN ISACCS.

Notes for JOSEPH "JOSIAH" CRAWFORD:
Served in the Revolutionary War, enlisting in 1776 in Captain Durk* Company in the State of PA.
Attached to the 4th regiment of artillery to Captain Duffers' Company Pennsylvania line. Battle of
Brandywine and Jamestown; discharged city of Philadelphia, PA in year 1779 or 1780.

More About JOSEPH "JOSIAH" CRAWFORD:
Fact 2: 1776, Enlisted in Capt. Burks Co., 4th Regiment of Artillery
Fact 3: July 16, 1822, Discharged at City of Philadelphia, PA

Children of JOSEPH CRAWFORD and ELIZABETH TOWNSEND are:
i. MAUDE7 CRAWFORD.
ii. ANNA CRAWFORD.
iii. IDA CRAWFORD.

Children of JOSEPH CRAWFORD and UFN ISACCS are:
7. iv. ARCHIBALD "ARCHIE"7 CRAWFORD, b. March 09, 1772, Culpeper County, Virginia; d. March 27, 1866, Breathitt County, Kentucky.
8. v. VALENTINE "VOL" CRAWFORD, b. November 15, 1775, Albemarle County, Virginia; d. March 29, 1860, Estell County, Kentucky.
vi. AUSTIN CRAWFORD, b. Abt. 1776, Albemarle County, Virginia; d. 1840; m. NANCY CLARK, August 06, 1814.

Notes for AUSTIN CRAWFORD:
Killed by a falling tree

vii. CECELIA CRAWFORD, b. Abt. 1780; m. JAHUE COLE, September 23, 1806, Bourbon county, Kentucky.
viii. MARTITIA CRAWFORD, b. 1782, Botetourt County, Virginia; d. 1875, Kentucky.
ix. GIDEON CRAWFORD, b. Abt. 1786.
x. OLIVER CRAWFORD, b. Abt. 1786, Bourbon County, Kentucky; d. Abt. 1860, Wolfe County, Kentucky.
9. xi. WILLIAM CRAWFORD, b. Estell County, Kentucky; d. March 08, 1820, Estell County, Kentucky.
xii. LUCRETIA "CRESSIE" CRAWFORD, b. May 03, 1778, Albemarle County, Virginia; d. February 1864, Sullivan County, Indiana; m. REESE JONES MORGAN, January 03, 1801, Bourbon county, Kentucky. [54]

July 16, 1826: Hannah P. Crawford, died July 16, 1826. [55] . HANNAH PAMELIA CRAWFORD, b. 1797, Adams County, Ohio; d. July 16, 1826. Notes for HANNAH PAMELIA CRAWFORD: Hannah P. was born in OH during that period when her parents were considered unmarried. She is named in the will of her brother Moses as his sister and shared in the life lease on the homestead. . [56]



July 16, 1862: A staunch Unionist despite his Southern roots, Meigs detested the Confederacy. His feelings led directly to the establishment of Arlington National Cemetery. On July 16, 1862, Congress passed legislation authorizing the U.S. federal government to purchase land for national cemeteries for military dead, and put the U.S. Army Quartermaster General in charge of this program. The Soldiers' Home in Washington, D.C., and the Alexandria Cemetery were the primary burying grounds for war dead in the D.C. area, but by late 1863 both cemeteries were full.[16][57]

July 16, 1863: As a part of the army under General Sherman, in the expedition against Jackson, Miss., and participated in the operations which ensued, culminating in the evacuation of Jackson by the enemy on July 16, 1863, and the end of the great Vicksburg campaign. The total loss of the two brigades of General Hovey's division, from the commencement of the siege of Vicksburg to the evacuation of Jackson, was 155 killed and wounded, while that of the Twenty-fourth Iowa, during the same period, was 1 killed and 12 wounded. As there were twelve organizations in the division, the loss of the Twenty-fourth Iowa was about the same average as that -of the other regiments of the division. During the entire campaign the aggregate losses of the Twenty-fourth Iowa in battle were 208.

Upon its return to Vicksburg the regiment was allowed a brief period of rest in camp.[58]

Sat. July 16, 1864

Heavy thunder in the afternoon

(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry)[59]



July 16, 1871: The Lincolns' fourth son Thomas "Tad" Lincoln was born on April 4, 1853, and, although he outlived his father, died at the age of eighteen on July 16, 1871 in Chicago.

The death of the Lincolns' sons had profound effects on both Abraham and Mary. Later in life, Mary found herself unable to cope with the stresses of losing her husband and sons, and this eventually led Robert Lincoln to involuntarily commit her to a mental health asylum in 1875.[36] Abraham Lincoln, with the premature death of his mother and children, suffered from "melancholy", a condition now called clinical depression.[37] [60]

July 16, 1886: Nettie Pearl Heald b July 16, 1886 at Kingsley, Plymouth, Ia. md Roy H. Harold. [61]

July 16, 1908

Wm. Goodlove has rented his farm to Dick Bowdish.[62]







Richard Harrison Gray, Ruth Gray Johnson’s brother, died as a child of a sudden illness while the family was visiting Central City. He is buried at Jordan’s Grove Cemetery. Richards parents, R. H. Gray, M. D. and Nettie O. Gray M. D. were both doctors.[63]



July 16, 1911: James William Nix (b. November 4, 1871 / d. July 16, 1911 in AL)
. v. E. J. H. Nix (b. 1873).[64] James William Nix14 [John Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. November 4, 1871 / d. July 16, 1911 in Cullman Co. AL) married Lucy Othello Garrett (b. December 17, 1874 in Carroll Co. GA / d. January 11, 1967) on November 3, 1895. [65]



July 16, 1934:

USS Enterprise (CV-6)





USS Enterprise CV-6


Career (United States)




Name:

USS Enterprise (CV-6)


Ordered:

1933


Builder:

Newport News Shipbuilding


Laid down:

July 16, 1934


[66]

July 16, 1937: A concentration camp is established at Buchenwald.[67]



July 16, 1938: Congress creates the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation to insure produces of wheat agains losses due to bad weather.[68]



July 16, 1940: The expulsion of Jews from Alsace and Lorraine to southern France is initiated.[69]



July 16, 1941

Jewish lawyers are limited to 2 percent of those admitted to practice by the French bar. On August 11, the same 2 percent limitation is applied to Jewish physicians.[70]



July 16, 1941: Up to this date, 2,700 Jews have been shot outside Riga.[71]



July 16-29, 1941: The Germans and Soviets fight at Smolensk, with the Germans eventually victorious.[72]



July 16, 1942: The following points are discussed: the date of the roundup is put off to July 16. It will begin at 4 A.M., and the arrested Jews will be assembled at the Vel d’Hiv. Andre Tulard, keeper of the Prefectur’s Jewish Census file, estimates that 24,000 to 25,000 individuals will be interened. Upper age limits are raised to 55 for women and 60 for men. This is probably because examination of the records for stateless Jews shows they are too few to produce the predicted number of arrests, but it somewhat contradicts the appearance that these are to be “deportations for labor service” the initial description of the operation.



For the moment, it is planned that Public Assistance agencies will take charge of children under 15 taken to the Vel d’Hiv, before turning them over to the UGIF. Jewish women who are mothers of infants under two years of age will not be arrested, but stateless Jewish spouses of Aryans will be arrested….



… Dannecker telexes Eichmann that the raids will be carried out gby the French police from July 16 to July 18 and it is expected that about 4,000 children will be among those arrested.

Dannecker sets out the main arguments in favor of deportation of these 4,000 children: to prevent promiscuity between them and non-Jewish children under Public Assitance care; and the impossibility that the ‘U

GIF can care for more than 400 of them. [73]



July 16-17, 1942

The Vol d’Hiv roundup begins as planned before dawn, at 4 A.M. on Thursday, July 16. By 8 A.M. the Paris police inform the prefect of police that many Jewish men had left their homes the evening before. They doubtless have been alerted by rumors of the roundup from individual policemen and members of the Jewish Communist resitance organization, and apparently they believe only men wil be targeted, as was the case in the three prior roundups. By 3 P.M. when the action is haltyed for the day, there are 11,363 prisoners, 2573 men, 5,165 women, and 3,625 children.



The operation is resumed July 17 and goes on until 1 P.M., but with less success. By 5 P.M. the tally of arrests for the two days totals 12,884; 3,031 men, 5,802 women, and 4,051 children. The Prefecture instructs local police to continue their search for Jews not found at home during the raids; a police van will be sent to each of Pari’s six police divisions for several days to collect arrested Jews. A total of 8,160 Jews are held in the Vel d’Hiv (1,129 men, 2,916 women, 4115 children), and 4,992 single adults and couples without children or with grown children (1,989 men and 3,003 women) are interned at Drancy.



According to a report of the Prefecture of Police, Parisians openly express reproach “for these measures, which they consider inhumane.”



Rothke reports that Darquier de Pellepoix thinks it will be possible to place the 4,115 children in various institutions in Paris and its suburbs. Rothke’s aim is to prevent dispersal of the children in case Berlin accepts Dannecker’s proposal and it becomes possible to begin deporting them, perhaps August 4 or 5. Darquier’s solution is set aside in favor of keeping the children and parents together and moving them to the Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande camps while awaiting Berlins’s decision. Rothke notes that “representatives of the French police have expressed many times the wish to see convoys toward Germany include shildren as well.” Novertheless, if parents and children cannot be deported together because Berlin fails to make an early decition or the children cannot immedieately be accepted to the East, it is understood that the parents will bedeported first. A negative decision on the children’;s deportation isn’t even considered; in the margin of his report Knochen note: “in my opinion [they] can be deported all the same after a decision of the RSHA,” the Main Office for State Security, in Berlin.



The French police representatives, who insistently voice support for deportation of the Jewish children with or without their parents, are led by Leguay, the Vichy police delegate, and the two leading Paris Police Prefecture officials on Jewish matters, Francois and Tulard.



Three considerations weigh in the French police officials’ demand that the children be deported, with their parents or after them.



First, the number of Jews arrested is far short of the German demands accepted by Bousqet and Laval. Between 20,000 and 22,000 arrests were anticipated, but the count of arrested adults in the agreed age ranges yields 8,833 potential deportees. To increase the number, the raids would have to be resumed, though they would be less effective because stateless Jews who escaped arrest would bwe on their guard. The SS expect their schedule for the dispatch of deportation trains to be respected; the French judge it best to give them a suitable number of Jewish heads by adding the 4,000 children. ‘The 13,000 total including the children will still be short of the 22,000 sought, but it will gain time and avert conflict with the Germans. It is clear that if the FGrench insist on deporting the children , the Gestapo will report it and Berlin will know in advance that there will be no official French opposition to the policy.



Second, failure to deport the children would involve the police and the Vichy administration in the material problems of their long term lodging, care and feeding, education, and legal staus. (However, for severlal days, the abomidable treatment of Jewish families in the Vel d’Hiv is proof of the negligence and incompetence of the French officials involved.)



For Leguay, Francois, and Tulard, it is absolutely necessary that the children be deported, If they are not, a problem will be created that will last for years. In addition, if one day the Germans are defeated, these children become adults will ask what has happened to their parents and will demand judgement of the French officials responsible for their disappearance.



The children must be deporteed, and quickly, so that French officials will be involved with them as briefly as possible. In the Loiret camps where the children will be sent, Leguay, Francolis, Tulard, and the Orleans Prefecture all have failed to make preparations for their arrival; nor, in a region that is one of France’s granaries, have they arranged sufficient food for them; nor do they concern themselves with proper hgygiene or health conditions, and many of these 4,000 children very quickly will become ill. Some will find their deaths here in the Loiret within a few weeks and will bhe buried in individual or common graves in local cemeteries. Finally, these officials will deliberately plunge these thousands of children into frightful emotional distress when they separate them from their mothers.



The third consideration that certainly musyt wigh in the French decision is a fear of public knowledge of the coming separation of families. Darquier’s proposal to send the children to shelters in Paris and its suburbs would make it necessary to separate children and parents at the Vel d’Hiv. There are terrible scenes ahead, and it will be less disagreeable to have them played out far away, hidden behind the barbed wire of the Loiret camps. Parisians will have no knowledge of these events, and their compassion for Jewish families will not be reinforced. On returneing home in the evening, Paris policemen will not be talking about the scenes of hysteria they provoke during the day. (When time comes to deport the mothers, French police at the Loiret camps, more or less isolated from the local population, will use their rifle bgutts to separate them from their children and pack them into sealed boxscars. It would be three weeks before boxcars would be sent for the children.)



On July 17, the French police representatives knoweingly and sysytematically sabotage any possibiltity that the children might be saved, including Darquier’s proposal that they be lodged in Paris area children’s homes. Darquier is fanatically anti-Jewish, but he shows more uneasiness at clamoring for the children’;s deportation than the police officials, who, seemingly little touched by anti-Semitic ideaology, surpass even Laval in their cowardice.[74]



July 16-17, 1942: A total of 12,887 Jews of Paris are rounded up and sent to Drancy; in all, about 42,500 Jews are sent to Drancy from all over France during this Aktion.[75]



July 16 and 17, 1942: …The great majority of the deportees came from Drancy, the result of the Vel d’Hiv roundups on July 16 and 17 (see preceding section). These roundups netted 13,152 people, according to the French police. Of them, 3,118 were men, 5,919 women, and 4,115 children 16 and under. Seventy five women and 97 men who had come to Drancy the night before from the Southwest were added to the convoy. [76]



July 16, 1942: The Round Up (2010)
•Rate: 6.8/10 total 2,498 votes
•Genre: Drama | History | War
•Release Date: March 10, 2010 (Belgium)
•Runtime: 115 min

· Plot: A faithful retelling of the 1942 "Vel' d'Hiv Roundup" and the events surrounding it. Full summary » | »

· Story: 1942. Joseph is eleven. And this June morning, he must go to school, a yellow star sewn on his chest. He receives the support of a goods dealer. The mockery of a baker. Between kindness and contempt, Jo, his Jewish friends, their families, learn of life in an occupied Paris, on the Butte Montmartre, where they've taken shelter. At least that's what they think, until that morning on July 16th 1942, when their fragile happiness is toppled over. From the Vélodrome D'Hiver, where 13 000 Jews are crammed, to the camp of Beaune-La-Rolande, from Vichy to the terrace of the Berghof, La Rafle follows the real

· destinies of the victims and the executioners. Of those who orchestrated it all. Of those who trusted them. Of those who fled. Of those who opposed them. Every character in this film has existed. Every event, even the most extreme, transpired on that summer of 1942.Written by Happy_Evil_Dude [77]





July 16, 1943: Ernst Gottlieb, born November 3, 1905 in Bosen. Resided Bosen. Deportation: from Westerbork, July 13, 1943 Sobibor (Last known whereabouts). Date of death: July 16, 1943. Declared legally dead.[78]



At July 16, 1945 at 5:30 the test bomb at Alamagordo, in the New Mexico desert. It was the equivalent of 18000 lbs of TNT. Truman told Stalin at Potsdam that the Americans had a weapon of immense power. Stalin already knew through his intelligence sources. No one knew of its terrifying potential.[79] Eisenhower was against using the bomb on the grounds that the Japanese were already beaten. Truman had already made up his mind.[80]



July 16, 1951: J.D. Salinger publishes the The Catcher in the Rye on July 16, 1951. Today considered one of the 20th century’s top novels, with more than 60 million copies sold, it is also among the most frequently targeted for banning. Salinger dies at 91 in 2010.[81]

1952: The first major foreign operation carried out by the National Security State, or rather, the “secret government,” was the overthrowing of a democratically elected government in Iran. In 1952, the British were concerned at the efforts of Iran’s new Prime Minister Mohommad Mossadeq, in nationalizing Iran’s oil industry, taking the monopoly away from British Petroleum. So the British intelligence, the SIS, proposed to the Americans a joint operation, and the CIA obliged.[82]

July 16, 1962 Lee Harvey Oswald obtains a job as a sheet metal worker in Fort Worth,

Texas with the Leslie Welding Company. He assembles doors and windows for $1.25 an hour.

He then rents a house, 2703 Mercedes, Fort Worth. O&CIA[83]

July 16, 1968: Scamp returned to San Diego on July 16 and finished out the year sailing from that port on various exercises and training cruises.

Scamp continued stateside duty throughout 1969. She alternated in-port periods with training cruises until early March when she began pre-overhaul tests in the San Diego operating area. .[84]



July 16, 1980: Republicans nominate Ronald Reagan.[85]





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 66.


[2] [1] [1] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 67.


[3] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 69.


[4] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 69.


[5] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 69.


[6] The Arts Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011


[7] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm


[8] The Art Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011


[9] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 69.


[10] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm


[11] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 69, 88.


[12] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm


[13] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 69, 88-89.


[14] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[15] Wikipedia



Authority control
•VIAF: 88671748






[16][16]




Footnotes

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Leithead 2009

2. ^ http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45294

3. ^ Kinney 172.

4. ^ G. E. Elton 'Thomas Cromwell', Headstart Press, Ipswich, 1991, p.2

5. ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. X, no. 224

6. ^ Ives 2004.

7. ^ Leithead 2009; Weir 1991, pp. 377–378, 386–388, 395, 405, 410–411

8. ^ Weir 1991, pp. 412, 418

9. ^ Weir 1991, pp. 419–420

10. ^ Warnicke 2008

11. ^ Hall 1542

12. ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. XVI, p.284

13. ^ William Georgiades (May 4, 2012). "Hilary Mantel's Heart of Stone". The Slate Book Review. Slate.com. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

14. ^ HBO and BBC to Collaborate for Wolf Hall Mini-Series

References
•Leithead, Howard (2009). Cromwell, Thomas, Earl of Essex (b. in or before 1485, d. 1540). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
•Brigden, Susan. "Popular Disturbance and the Fall of Thomas Cromwell and the Reformers, 1539-1540," Historical Journal Vol. 24, No. 2 (Jun., 1981), pp. 257–278 in JSTOR
•Elton, G. R. "The Political Creed of Thomas Cromwell," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Fifth Series, Vol. 6, (1956), pp. 69–92 in JSTOR
•Elton, G. R. "Thomas Cromwell's Decline and Fall," Cambridge Historical Journal Vol. 10, No. 2 (1951), pp. 150–185 in JSTOR
•Elton, Geoffrey. "How Corrupt was Thomas Cromwell?" Historical Journal Vol. 36, No. 4 (Dec., 1993), pp. 905–908 in JSTOR
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1991). England Under the Tudors (3rd ed. ed.). London: Routledge.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1953). The Tudor Revolution in Government: Administrative Changes in the Reign of Henry VIII. Cambridge University Press.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1973). Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell. Cambridge University Press.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1973). Reform and Renewal: Thomas Cromwell and the Common Weal. Cambridge University Press.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1974). "King or Minister? The Man behind the Henrician Reformation". Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government (Cambridge University Press) I.
•Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1974). "An Early Tudor Poor Law". Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government (Cambridge University Press) II.
•Hall, Edward (1542). "The XXXII Yere of Kyng Henry viij". Chronicle (London 1809, Johnson ed.).
•Ives, E.W. (2004). Anne [Anne Boleyn] (c.1500–1536), queen of England, second consort of Henry VIII. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
•Kinney, Arthur (2000). Tudor England: An Encyclopedia. Garland Science.
•Logan, F. Donald. "Thomas Cromwell and the Vicegerency in Spirituals: A Revisitation," English Historical Review Vol. 103, No. 408 (Jul., 1988), pp. 658–667 in JSTOR
•Warnicke, Retha M. (2008). Katherine [Catherine; née Katherine Howard] (1518x24–1542), Queen of England and Ireland, fifth consort of Henry VIII. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Weir, Alison (1991). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. New York: Grove Weidenfeld.


[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell


[18] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/


[19] ReferencesElaine V. Beilin, ed., The Examinations of Anne Askew, Oxford, 1996 ISBN 0-19-510849-3
•Douglas M. Jones, The Queen's Friend, Moscow, Indiana: Canon Press, 2007
•Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England, P. Austin Nuttall (published by T. Tegg, 1840)
•Diane Watt, Secretaries of God, Cambridge, 1997
•Gene Fedele, Heroes of the Faith, Bridge-Logos, 2003 ISBN 0-88270-934-8

Footnotes

1. ^ Lindsey, Karen (1995). Divorced, Beheaded, Survived. Da Capo Press. pp. 190 and xv. ISBN 0201408236.

2. ^ Jean Henri Merle D'Aubigné, The Reformation in England, Volume 2 (1988), London: Banner of Truth

3. ^ Gairdner, James (1885). "Askew, Anne". In Leslie Stephen. Dictionary of National Biography 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 190.

4. ^ Rice, Charles Elmer (1904). A History of the Hole Family in England and America. Alliance, Ohio: R.M. Scranton Publ. Co. p. 32.

5. ^ a b c d MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1996). Thomas Cranmer: A Life. Great Britain: CPI Bath. pp. 352–4. ISBN 9780300066883.

6. ^ Beilin, Elaine V., ed., (1996). The Examinations of Anne Askew. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 57. ISBN 0195108493.

7. ^ Beilin 1996, p. 65

8. ^ Beilin 1996, p. 99

9. ^ Beilin 1996, p. 102

10. ^ Leslie Stephen, ed. (1886). "Bowes, Martin". Dictionary of National Biography 6. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 59.

11. ^ a b Beilin 1996, p. 127

12. ^ a b Beilin 1996, p. 130

13. ^ Beilin 1996, p. 192

14. ^ Beilin 1996, p. 191

15. ^ Parsons, Robert (1604). The Third Part of a Treatise, Intituled: of three conversions of England from paganisme to Christian religion, Vol.2. pp. 492–6.

16. ^ Episode 9, "Secrets of the Heart". Phase 4 Films, DVD Disk 3, Toronto, 2010.


[20] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/


[21] References[edit source | edit]

1. ^ Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 154.

2. ^ At the time, the area was in the Duchy of Berg.

3. ^ Antonia Fraser "The Wives of Henry VIII", page298

4. ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. XV, no. 22

5. ^ Schofield, p. 239.

6. ^ Boutell, Charles (1863), A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular, London: Winsor & Newton, p. 278

7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Weir, Alison: The Six Wives of Henry VIII; Grove Press, 2000; page 388.

8. ^ Schofield, p. 240.

9. ^ Strype, John, Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 1 part 2, Oxford, (1822), 450-463.

10. ^ Strype, John, ed., Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 1, part. 2, Oxford (1822), p.461

11. ^ http://lunettesrouges.blog.lemonde.fr/2006/11/29/holbein-en-angleterre/.

12. ^ Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasure of Royal Scandals, p.77. Penguin Books, New York. ISBN 0-7394-2025-9.

13. ^ John Roche Dasent, Acts of the Privy Council, vol. 2 (1890), pp.82-83, 471-472: Ellis, Henry, 'Extracts from the Proceedings of the Privy Council', in Archaeologia or, Miscellaneous tracts relating to Antiquity, vol. 18, Society of Antiquaries, (1817) pp.131-132.

14. ^ Antonia Fraser, The Wives of Henry VIII, p.412

15. ^ Historical Novels site review: [1]; Faber site: Retrieved 2 April 2012.


[22] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt


[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_cromwell


[24] Wikipedia


[25] http://www.twoop.com/medicine/archives/2005/10/bubonic_plague.html


[26] http://timothyv.tripod.com/index-338.html


[27] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England


[28] http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=william3


[29] In Search of the Turkey Foot Road.


[30] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm


[31] adam.bradford@gmail.com


[32] http://www.geni.com/people/John-Adams-2nd-President-of-the-USA-Signer-of-the-Declaration-of-Independence/6000000012593135757


[33] (Deposition of John Cord, of Bedford Co, PA (Ibid). Lawrence Harrison entire history will be found in Torrence & Allied Families, p. 320-325. [S9] [S126] [S9] [S252] [S250]


[34] {The Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania Publication, Volume 10, p. 66) (No Date)(Check Pa. Arch. S. 3, Vol. 22, p 50)


[35] Genealogies of Virginia Families, From the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Volume III, 1981


[36] Harrisonj


[37] The Horn Papers, Early Westward Movement on the Monongahela and Upper Ohio 1765-1795 by W.F. Horn Published for a Committee of the Greene County Historical Society, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania by the Hagstrom Company, New

York, N.Y. 1945

Ref. 33.92 Conrad and Caty by Gary Goodlove 2003




[38] Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton, VOL IV pgs 217-220


[39] On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[40] http://www.relivinghistoryinc.org/Timeline---Historic-Events.html


[41] The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell, 1774-1777 pg. 97


[42] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverley_(West_Virginia)


[43]List of treaties

References
1.^ Model Treaty (1776)
2.^ Model Treaty (1776)
3.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
4.^ Model Treaty (1776
5.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
6.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
7.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
8.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
9.^ PERSPECTIVE on the FRENCH-AMERICAN ALLIANCE
10.^ "Treaty of Amity and Commerce: 1778 – Hunter Miller's Notes," The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. [1]
11.^ Mary A. Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation: U.S. Foreign Relations, 1775–1789 (Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1998), 59.
12.^ "Hunter Miller's Notes."

[edit] Sources

Giunta, Mary A., ed. Documents of the Emerging Nation: U.S. Foreign Relations 1775–1789. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1998.

Middlekauff, Robert. The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

"Treaty of Amity and Commerce," The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/. Accessed March 30, 2008.

"Treaty of Amity and Commerce: 1778 – Hunter Miller's Notes,"The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/. Accessed March 30, 2008.


[44] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing


[45] “By provision of the act [erecting the county of Westmoreland] the courts were to be held at the house of Robert Hanna till a court house should be built. Hanna’s settlement was on the old Forbes road, about thirty miles east of Pittsburgh, and about three miles northeast of the present county town, Greensburg. Robert Hanna, a north-county Irishman, had early opened a public house here, and near him had soon been commenced a settlement prosperous for those times: If we except the region immediately contiguous to Fort Ligonier, and the region about the forks of the Ohio [Pittsburgh], the settlement about Hanna’s wa.s, at this date [1773], the most flourishing in the county. After the courts had been appointed for here, the place was further stimulated. It was the first collection of houses between Bedford and Pittsburgh dignified with the name of town. It, at no time, contained more than perhaps thirty log cabins, built after the primitive fashion of those days, of one story and a cock-loft, in height, with clap-board roofs, and a huge mud chimney at one end of each cabin. These, scattered along the narrow packhorse track among the monster trees of the ancient forest, was that Hannastown, which occupi8ed such a prominent place on the early history of Western Pennsylvania, where was held the first court west of the Alleghany [in oppostition to the tyrannical acts of Great Britain], were passed.” G. Dallas Albert, in Dr. Wm. H. Egles’s History of Pennsylvania, pp. 1153, 1154.

(Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield, pages 176-177.)


[46] Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield pages 176-177.


[47] Pennsylvania Packet, July 30, 1782.

Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield pages 176-177.


[48] Absolutely Required Reading



A. Morton
Thomas and Associates, Inc.: The Hunt for Southeast 8 (Apr. 29, 1991).


Alexander, Mrs. Sally Kennedy: "A Sketch of the Life of Major Andrew Ellicott," Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 2, pp. 170-182 (1899).



Baker, Marcus: "The Boundary Monuments of the District of Columbia," Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 1, pp. 215-224 (1897).



Chase, Louise Coflin: Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia (1930) [unpublished manuscript in the Washingtoniana Collection of the District of Columbia Public Library], later reprinted (minus one paragraph) in Records and History of the Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia (no date) [unpublished manuscript in the Kiplinger Research Library of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C.].



D.C. D.A.R.: Records and History of the Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia (no date) [unpublished manuscript in the Kiplinger Research Library of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C.].



Harris, Gayle T.: Biographies of the Boundary Stones (2001) [unpublished manuscript in the Kiplinger Research Library of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C.].



Miller, Mrs. Charles S., State Historian, D.C. D.A.R.: Correspondence with National Park Service regarding the disappearance and replacement of SE8 (1962).



Muller, John: "Without Preservation, DC's Boundary Stones Are in Danger," Greater Greater Washington (May 23, 2012).



National Capital Planning Commission: Boundary Markers of the Nation's Capital: A Proposal for Their Preservation & Protection (Summer 1976).



National Park Service: National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Jones Point Lighthouse and District of Columbia South Cornerstone (Mar. 1980).



Northern Virginia Boundary Stones Committee: 1994-1995 Findings and Recommendations of the Northern Virginia Boundary Stones Committee (Sep. 1995).



Nye, Edwin Darby: "Revisiting Washington's Forty Boundary Stones, 1972," Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 48, pp. 740-751 (1973).



Robinson, June: "The Arlington Boundary Stones," The Arlington Historical Magazine, Vol. 9, pp. 5-19 (Oct. 1989).



Shuster, Ernest A.: The Original Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia (1908).



Shuster, Ernest A.: "The Original Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia," National Geographic, pp. 356-359 (Apr. 1909).



Stewart, John: "Early Maps and Surveyors of the City of Washington, D. C.," Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 2, pp. 48-61 (1895).



Woodward, Fred E.: "A Ramble Along the Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia With a Camera," Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 10, pp. 63-87 (1907).



Woodward, Fred E.: "With A Camera Over the Old District Boundary Lines," Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 11, pp. 1-15 (1908).



Woodward, Fred E.: "The Recovery of the Southern Corner Stone of the District," Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 18, pp. 16-24 (1915).



Woodward, Fred E.: "Boundary Mile Stones" (1916) in Records and History of the Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia (no date) [unpublished manuscript in the Kiplinger Research Library of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C.].

Government and Legislative Materials



American Society of Civil Engineers: Letter to Senator Charles M. Mathias supporting legislation to protect boundary stones (September 15, 1979).



Caemmerer, H. Paul: "Washington The National Capital," Senate Document No. 332 (1932).



Congressional Record: "A Bill to Preserve, Protect, and Maintain the Original Boundary Stones of the Nation's Capital," (November 26, 1979).



Council of the District of Columbia: "Federal Legislation on the Original Boundary Stones in the District of Columbia Support Resolution of 1984" (June 26, 1984).



Falls Church Historical Commission: "Federal Territory Boundary Stone No. Southwest 9" (July 1999).



National Capital Planning Commission: "Boundary Markers of the Nation's Capital," National Capital Planning Commission Quarterly, pp. 1-4 (Fall 1976).



National Park Service: Letter to Nation's Capital Boundary Stones Committee declining to protect stones (June 13, 2003).



U.S. Department of the Interior: Letter to Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs opposing legislation (H.R. 2638 / S. 569) to protect boundary stones (March 29, 1984).



U.S. Senate: "A Bill to Preserve, Protect, and Maintain the Original Boundary Stones of the Nation's Capital," (November 26, 1979).

Additional Sources



Abrams, Alan: "Preserving NE #2, Takoma's Oldest Monument," Historic Takoma Newsletter (Feb. 2003).



Alexandria-Washington Lodge No. 22: "Ceremonies Of Re-Enacting The Laying Of The Corner-Stone Of The District Of Columbiao," April 15, 1941.



Bedini, Silvio, A.: "Benjamin Banneker And The Survey Of The District Of Columbia, 1791," Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Vol. 47, pp. 7-30 (1969).



Bedini, Silvio A.: "The Survey of the Federal Territory," Washington History, Vol. 3, No. 1: pp. 76-95 (Spring/Summer 1991).



Bedini, Silvio A.: "Conserving the Boundary Stones," Washington Post, p. A18 (June 20, 1998).



Boy Scourts of America: "Troop 98's Tom C. Clark Award Application" regarding refurbishing project (December 29, 1978)



Claudy, Carl H.: Your Masonic Capital City, p. 25 (1950).



Columbian Centinel: "New Federal City," May 7, 1791.



Cowan, Gene: SW5 (2003).



Cowan, John P.: "Boundary 'Error'," Washington Post, p. 12 (Jan. 3, 1951).



Crowe, Cherilyn: "Stone Age," American Spirit, pp. 10-11 (May/June 2011).



De Cola, Lee: October Field Trip (2001).



E.M.A.: "Return Arlington County?," Washington Post, p. 6 (Feb. 10, 1936).



Fairlington Historic District: Original District of Columbia Boundary Marker is Next to Fairlington (2011).



Fernandez, Manny: "Humble Monuments to Washington's Past," Washington Post, pp. B01, B04 (July 10, 2001).



Gifford, Bill: "On The Borderline," Washingotn City Paper (Mar. 28, 1993).



Glassie, Ada Boyd: "Belt Line Highway Around Washington Should Follow Boundaries of 'Ten Miles Square.'," Washington Post, p. 6 (Oct. 9, 1929).



Hansard, Sara E.: "Old Stones Mark D.C. Boundaries," Washington Post, p. B1 (June 27, 1976).



Howder's Site: Washington, DC Boundary Stones (Sep. 2000).



Kanon, Matthew: Stoned Out of My Mind: A Guide to and Personal Reflections of the Boundary Stones for the District of Columbia (2003).



Kaye, Ruth Lincoln: "The District's Boundary Stones," Washington Post, p. A18 (July 28, 2001).



Kelly, John: "Arlington Man Watches Over Unsung Monuments to D.C.'s Origins," Washington Post, p. B3 (May 14, 2009).



Lawrence, Kenneth: "Record of the Present Condition and Location of the Mile-Stones" (1949) in Records and History of the Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia (no date) [unpublished manuscript in the Kiplinger Research Library of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C.].



McCormick, Gene: "D.C.'s Southern Boundary Stone," Washington Post, p. A16 (July 15, 1998).



Muller, John: "Boundary Stones: The Oldest Monuments in the District," Greater Greater Washington (October 25, 2011).



Muller, John: "Life And Times Of Boundary Stone, SE #6," East Of The River Magazine (July 2012).



Nye, Edwin Darby: "Boundary Stones," The Washington Star Sunday Magazine, pp. 6-9 (June 23, 1963).



Pegoraro, Rob: "At Boundary Stones, Today's Virginia Meets Yesterday's D.C.," The Washington Post Sunday Source, p. M8 (July 1, 2007).



Powers, Stephen C.: "The Boundary Stones of the Federal City," ASCE Newsletter National Capital Section, Vol. 53, No. 7 (Mar. 2007).



Powers, Stephen C.: "Washington DC Boundary Stones: History, Current Status, Preservation, and Fence Restoration Effort," ASCE Newsletter National Capital Section, Vol. 58, No. 8: pp. 1, 10 (May 2012).



Powers, Stephen C.: "The Boundary Stones of the Federal City - Speaker: Stephen C. Powers, P.E.," ASCE Newsletter National Capital Section, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Nov. 2007).



Rothstein, Ethan: "D.C. Boundary Stones a Silent Part of Arlington History," ARLNow (Sep. 19, 2013).



Sadler, Christine: "D.C. Boundary Stones Historian's Nightmare," Washington Post, p. F2 (Dec. 10, 1939).



Saul, Ana: "The Most Interesting Thing in Bradbury Heights," Washington Post, p. JP2 (Sep. 8, 1929).



Socotra, Vic: The Northeast Stones (2003).



Silverthorne, Alexandra: Ten Miles Square artwork and installation (2010).



Straumsheim, Carl: "On D.C. Border, History Hides Along Wayside," The Northwest Current, Vol. XLIV, No. 43, p. 7 (Oct. 26, 2011).



Sunday Star: "Fence is Dedicated at Milestone No. 8," Sunday Star (Oct. 15, 1916).



Todaro, Richard M.: "The Four Cornerstones of the Original D.C.," Washington Post (June 7, 1998).



Twomey, Steve: "Lesser Known Monuments Map Out the Original D.C.; Team Marking Stones That Set Boundaries," Washington Post, p. B01 (Oct. 9, 1990).



U.S. Geological Survey: "Federal District Boundary Markers in Northern Virginia: Condition and Preservation Issues" (1994).



Van Mathews, Catherine Cortlandt: Andrew Ellicott: His Life and Letters (2010).



Washington Post: "Surveys of District," Washington Post, p. 32 (July 13, 1902).



Washington Post: "District Not Plumb," Washington Post, p. E2 (May 27, 1906).



Washington Post: "Old North Corner-stone Stands in Big Corn Field," Washington Post (Sep. 9, 1906).



Washington Post: "Talk on Boundary Stones," Washington Post, p. 13 (Jan. 9, 1916).



Washington Post: "To Dedicate Boundary Stone," Washington Post, p. 5 (May 29, 1916).



Washington Post: "Dedicate Boundary Stone," Washington Post, p. R2 (June 4, 1916).



Washington Post: "News of the Club World," Washington Post, p. ES14 (June 4, 1916).



Washington Post: "Washington Unique in that it is the Only World Capital Founded by the Government Itself," Washington Post, p. 45 (Jan. 9, 1921).



Washington Post: "D.A.R. Activities," Washington Post, p. 45 (Apr. 10, 1921).



Washington Post: "Society Will Observe 'District' Day April 15," Washington Post, p. 2 (Feb. 19, 1922).



Washington Post: "D.A.R. Records Deed for Historic Tract," Washington Post, p. 2 (July 1, 1926).



Washington
Post: "Gov. Welles, C.A.R.," Washington Post, p. S10 (Dec. 22, 1929).


Washington Post: "Boundary Stones Washington Laid Here Still Stand," Washington Post, p. M15 (June 28, 1931).



Washington Post: "Ancient District Boundary Marker Set by Washington," Washington Post, p. S7 (December 27, 1931).



Washington Post: "Boundary Stone Plaque Unveiled," Washington Post, p. C1 (January 14, 1961).



Washington Post: "Boundary Stone of DC Rededicated," Washington Post, p. A5 (June 6, 1965).



Washington Smart Growth Alliance: "Regional Conservation Priorities," pp. 12-13 (2008).



Washington Times: "Location of Original Cornerstone of the District," Washington Times (June 23, 1912).



Wheeler, Richard S.: The Boundary Stones (April 1963) [unpublished manuscript in the D.A.R. D.C. History collection].



Whitaker, Joseph D.: "Funds Sought to Preserve Original D.C. Boundary Markers," Washington Post, pp. B9-B10 (March 6, 1983).




[49] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, by Franklin Ellis, 1882 pg 235.


[50] In 1804, Col. Meason filled the first order for sugar kettles called for by Southern planters.


[51] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pp. 1820.24-25.


[52] From: http://www.blueridgeinstitute.org/ballads/vancesong.html


[53] http://www.dave-francis.com/genealogy/obanionfamily/pafn15.htm


[54] http://penningtons.tripod.com/jepthagenealogy.htm


[55] (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pge. 454.21)


[56] Crawford Coat of Arms


[57]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_C._Meigs


[58] Iowa 24th Infantry.


[59] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove


[60] http://www.geni.com/people/Abraham-Lincoln/6000000002686627053


[61] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm


[62] Winton Goodlove papers.


[63] Linda Petersen Papers, 9/30/2010.


[64] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.


[65] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe


[66] http://www.theussenterprise.com/battles.html


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindenburg_disaste

[67] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page1760.


[68] On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[69] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1763.


[70] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial, by Serge Klarsfeld, page 25.


[71] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.


[72] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.


[73] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 39.


[74] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, pages 39-43.


[75] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1772.




[76] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld. Page 64.


[77] http://officialtrailers.net/the-round-up-2010-official-trailer.html




[78] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.

[2] Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).




[79] History’s Turning Points, The Atomic Bomb, HISTI.


[80] History’s Turning Points, The Atomic Bomb, HISTI.


[81] Smithsonian, July/August 2011.


[82] http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-national-security-state-and-the-assassination-of-jfk/22071


[83] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf






[84] This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.Skipjack-class submarine:


•Skipjack
•Scamp
•Scorpion
•Sculpin
•Shark
•Snook












[85] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 499.