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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004
William E. Davidson
Fletcher
William C. Mckinnon
Benjamin G. Smith
Mae Story Porch
Mary C. Wagner Strouse
July 9, 118: Hadrian, Rome's new emperor, made his entry into the Imperial City. Regardless of how history remembers him, for Jews, Hadrian is the Emperor who helped to start the Third Rebellion against Rome. In this case it was the lead by Bar Kochba and supported by Rabbi Akiva. It lasted from 132 until 135. It was the last uprising against Rome and really marked the beginning of the end of a vital Jewish community in Palestine.[1]
120 A.D.
St. Hermes Wall
St. Hermes WallCredit: Roma Sotterranea, 1869This drawing, which appears in the Roma Sotterranea, 1869, shows a wall of a Roman catacomb as it appeared in the mid-19th century. Some of the niches are still sealed. This part of the catacomb was named after St. Hermes who died in A.D. 120. The remains date to centuries after that. [2]
AD 120 - Christians in Alexandria replace Sabbath observance with Sunday worship. Two fifth-century church historians, Socrates Scholasticus and Sozomen:
"The situation in Rome and Alexandria, however, was not typical of the rest of early Christianity. In these two cities there was an evident early attempt by Christians to terminate observance of the seventh-day Sabbath, but elsewhere throughout the Christian world Sunday observance simply arose alongside observance of Saturday."
Two fifth-century church historians, Socrates Scholasticus and Sozomen: "For although almost all churches throughout the world celebrate the sacred mysteries [the Lord's Supper] on the Sabbath [Saturday] of every week, yet the Christians of Alexandria and at Rome, on account of some ancient tradition, have ceased to do this. The Egyptians in the neighborhood of Alexandria, and the inhabitants of Thebais, hold their religious assemblies on the Sabbath, but do not participate of the mysteries in the manner usual among Christians in general: for after having eaten and satisfied themselves with food of all kinds, in the evening making their offerings they partake of the mysteries."
"The people of Constantinople, and almost everywhere, assemble together on the Sabbath, as well as on the first day of the week, which custom is never observed at Rome or at Alexandria. There are several cities and villages in Egypt where, contrary to the usage established elsewhere, the people meet together on Sabbath evenings, and, although they have dined previously, partake of the mysteries."
Strand comments: "Thus, even as late as the fifth century almost the entire Christian world observed both Saturday and Sunday for special religious services. Obviously, therefore, Sunday was not considered a substitute for the Sabbath."[4,5,6][3]
July 9, 1548: Anne of Lorraine, widow of René de Nassau -Chalon, Prince of Orange, and daughter of Antony, Duke of Lorraine, by Renée
de Bourbon ; born July 25, 1522 ; became second wife of Philip
de Croy, first Duke of Arschot, July 9, 1548 ; died in 1568, and
was interred in the church of the Cordeliers at Diest. [4]
July 9, 507: At Daphne (near Antioch in Syria), a sporting event was held in the form of a chariot race between two parties, the Greens and the Whites. For no apparent reason, the supporters of the greens attacked the local synagogue killing those Jews who were inside.[5]
511 A.D. Clovis died of an unknown cause in 511 A.D. His brutality had been legendary. But it would not define his legacy. He had united the barbarian tribes of France into one emerging superpower, the Franks. He had also forged a crucial alliance with the increasingly influencial Roman Catholic Church. In so doing he had proven to be a stabilizing force at a time when it could only be called dangerous and dark. [6]
519 CE: Ravenna, Italy. After the local synagogues were burned down by the local mob, the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great orders the town to rebuild them at its own expense.[7]
Jewish Worship, Pagan Symbols
Zodiac mosaics in ancient synagogues
Walter Zanger • 08/24/2012
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AN INCREDIBLE FIND. In December 1928, a work crew from kibbutz Beth Alpha was digging a drainage channel when mosaic pieces began to appear in their shovel loads.
Ein Harod is a spring that rises in the valley of Jezreel at the foot of Mt. Gilboa. Gideon gathered his men there to sort out the good soldiers from the bad ones (Judges 7). From the pool, the spring makes its weary and meandering way east down the valley for some 18 km, passing through Beth-Shean to empty into the Jordan River.
A thousand years of neglect had resulted in a valley full of silted and blocked-up waterways creating a marshy and swampy landscape as the spring of Harod—and half a dozen other springs that empty into it—filled the land with water faster than the natural outlets—now blocked—could drain it.
That was the scene that greeted the first modern settlers of the valley of Jezreel. And it was obvious that their first task, if they hoped to farm this land, was to drain the swamps. Thus it happened that at the end of December 1928 a work crew from kibbutz Beth Alpha (founded 6 years earlier) was digging yet another drainage canal when someone’s shovel started picking up pieces of mosaic.
Work on the channel stopped at once. They called the Hebrew University (then all of 3 years old!) and within a fortnight Eliezer Lippa Sukenik1 and Nahman Avigad had begun to excavate the site. Work began on January 9, 1929, and continued for 7 weeks, until February 26, despite heavy rains (610 mm instead of the usual 400 mm) that flooded the valley that year.
The mosaic they uncovered was almost complete, its astonishing preservation caused by a layer of plaster, thrown down from the ceiling by the earthquake that destroyed the building, that covered and protected the floor from the damage of falling stones. When it was completely exposed, the mosaic measured 28 meters long and 14 meters wide. It had an inscription at the doorway leading to three panels in the central apse: a rectangular panel, a square panel with a circle in the middle, and then another rectangle at the far end.
The middle square, the first to be uncovered, was the most spectacular. Figures of four women were at the four corners, with inscriptions (in Hebrew) identifying each as a season of the year. Inside the square was a wheel, 3.12 meters in diameter, with a smaller circle (1.2 m) in its center. The wheel was divided into 12 panels, each with a figure and a name identifying it as a sign of the zodiac. And in the center, a man was pictured driving a quadriga (four-horse chariot) through the moon and stars. Rays of the sun were coming out of his head; it was clear that he was Helios, god of the sun.
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In the square panel of the Beth Alpha mosaic was a zodiac wheel with all 12 symbols and names of the zodiac, surrounded by four female figures at the corners, identifying the seasons of the year. Credit: Art Resource, NY
What had they found? Could this have been the temple of a Jewish community (it had to be Jewish; everything was written in Hebrew and Aramaic) turned pagan? Further digging dispelled that notion, for there, just above the central square of the mosaic, they found a mosaic panel of symbols instantly familiar to any Jew of that century (or this): the Ark of the Covenant (aron kodesh), eternal light (ner tamid), seven-branched candelabrum (menorah), palm frond (lulav), citron (etrog), and an incense shovel (mahta).2
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Many of the symbols included in the uppermost mosaic panel reaffirmed the Jewish nature of the synagogue at Beth Alpha: the Ark of the Covenant at the center (aron kodesh), eternal light (ner tamid), two seven-branched candelabra (menorot; plural, menorah), palm frond (lulav), citron (etrog), and an incense shovel (mahta). From these items it takes the type name of a synagogue panel.
Then, in a third panel, closer to the front door, they uncovered a scene easily recognizable to anyone who knows the Bible. We are in Genesis 22, and Abraham is about to sacrifice Isaac. In case we might have forgotten our Bible class, the names of the principals—Abraham, Isaac and the ram—are spelled out in inscriptions above their heads, and the hand of God stopping the sacrifice is clearly marked with the words “do not put forth your hand [against the lad].”
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In the lower rectangular panel, closer to the door, the familiar story of Genesis 22 is depicted on the mosaic. Abraham is preparing to sacrifice Isaac (at right) as the hand of God reaches from heaven to stop him. Nearby the ram is caught with its horns in a thicket, and a servant waits at far left with the donkey. This type of scene came to be known as a righteous ancestors panel and is found in several other synagogue mosaics.
So this was definitely a synagogue, a Jewish house of worship, in a basilica building that dates to about 520 C.E.3 The building was destroyed in an earthquake soon after it was built,4 hence the near-perfect preservation of its mosaic floor; their misfortune became our good fortune. And because Beth Alpha is the best preserved of the seven synagogues we know, we use it here as the basis for our discussion.5
Now, of course, we have problems. We know that Jewish life moved to the Galilee after the total destruction of Jewish Jerusalem that followed the Bar-Kokhba Revolt of the 130s C.E. We are, therefore, not surprised to have found—and to keep finding—synagogues from the following centuries all over the Galilee and Golan. It isn’t the synagogues themselves that are the problem; it is the decorations in them. What in heaven’s name were they doing? How could they be making pictures, especially in the synagogue? Didn’t they know the second commandment?
You shall not make for yourself a graven image or any likeness of what is in the heavens above or on the earth below or in the waters under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them” (Exodus 20:4–5)
That problem is not as formidable as it first appears. The second commandment can be read in several ways because the Hebrew original of this text is entirely without vowels and punctuation points. We, writing English, have put in a period after the word “earth.”6 But if the period weren’t there, the verse could be read as a long conditional clause: “make no graven images … which you worship.” In this case it’s not the making that is prohibited, but the worshiping. Historically, the Jewish community often understood that it was acceptable to make images as long as one doesn’t worship them. And there is, consequently, a long and varied history of Jewish art, beginning with the cherubim over the Ark in the desert (Exodus 25:18), recorded presumably not long after the giving of the Commandments, and without protest.
A second problem is less easily resolved. The zodiac is pagan religion. It is what we see in the horoscope in every weekend newspaper on earth, generally the stuff of amusement. We know this system; it is based on the (extraordinary) assumption that the stars control the earth and that what happens on earth is a result of influences from what happens in the sky. All we need in order to understand the earth (that is, about our destiny) is to understand the stars. If, according to this view, one knows the exact date and time of one’s birth, and can chart the exact position of the heavenly bodies at that moment, then forevermore one knows what is fortunate, unfortunate, worth doing, worth avoiding, wise, unwise, etc. Our universe, therefore, is fixed and determined. There are no values, no good, no evil and no repentance. We live in a great mechanical machine of a cosmos.
The conflict of interest is obvious, and we are not surprised to learn that Jews detested that idea. For if the cosmos is like that, why do we need God giving the Law to Moses on Mt. Sinai? The Christians also had their own very strong reservations. If the cosmos is like that, who needed God to sacrifice His son for the sins of the world? Who indeed? The early Church in fact absolutely prohibited the making of zodiacs, and there is not one zodiac mosaic in a church that dates before the Middle Ages, and very few even then. The zodiac/horoscope perception is the antithesis and enemy of monotheistic religion. An ancient and honorable enemy, to be sure, far older than Judaism and Christianity, but still the enemy.
It is true that one who goes through Jewish literature with a fine-tooth comb can find a citation here and there that seems to recognize the phenomenon of mosaic decoration, presumably zodiac, in synagogues. “In the days of Rabbi Abun they began depicting figures in mosaic and he did not protest against it.”7 More to the point, we find a line in Aramaic translation, “… you may place a mosaic pavement impressed with figures and images in the floors of synagogue; but not for bowing down to it.”8 There is even a Midrash that attempts to justify the zodiac phenomenon: “The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to him [Abraham]: just as the zodiac [mazalot] surrounds me, and my glory is in the center, so shall your descendants multiply and camp under many flags, with my shekhina in the center.”9
But this is surely grasping at straws. The odd line here and there accounts for nothing in view of the overwhelming opposition in rabbinic literature to anything related to the making of pictures of any sort, and doubly so the fierce opposition to anything suggesting idolatry and pagan worship. Indeed, one of the ways to say “pagan” in rabbinical Hebrew is by the abbreviation עכומ[ (ovedei kokhavim u-mazalot,"worshipers of stars and constellations"). The rabbis of the Talmud recognized the popularity of astrology and were even prepared to admit that there might be truth in its predictions, but opposed the whole endeavor on principle. Ein mazal le-Yisrael (literally, "Israel has no constellation") is perhaps the most commonly quoted opinion on the subject,10 but it is only one of many.
All the more are we astonished by the figure of Helios, Sol Invictus, pagan god of the sun, riding his quadriga right through the middle of the synagogue! This doesn't look like it belongs here. And we need to ask again, what was this all about?
To set our minds at rest (for the time being), we can say what all this wasn't. It could not have been astrology (predicting the future, etc.) and it could not have been scientific astronomy, because the seasons in the corners are in the wrong places. The upper right corner at Beth Alpha is marked טבת (Tevet), the winter month, and the upper left corner ניסן (Nissan) the month of Passover in spring. But between them you have the zodiac sign of Cancer, the Crab, which falls in mid-summer, not early spring. The same thing with the sign for Libra, the Scales. The mosaic has placed it between the spring and summer seasons, whereas it belongs in the fall. Clumsy astronomy.
The conclusion is inescapable: whoever did this mosaic hadn't a clue about real astronomy or astrology, doubtless because he was a Jew and couldn't care less.11
For the same reason, this mosaic floor could not have been a calendar, an idea that has been suggested by several important scholars of the subject.12 The incorrect placement of the seasons would have made that completely impossible.
Then perhaps it's all just decoration, pretty pictures, the common designs of the era. That is the most common explanation, the one found in guide books. But it can't be true. In the first place, the designs were by no means common in the Byzantine era. The Church, as stated, absolutely banned their use. More important, these signs are too loaded with meaning. We might argue "pretty pictures" if Beth Alpha were a solitary, unique find. We could then, at best, say that we had found here a group of Jews who had become so Hellenized that they had slipped over into paganism. But Beth Alpha is not unique; we will visit half a dozen other synagogues before we're done. In addition, we have found hundreds of Jewish tombstones and catacombs from all over the Roman Empire. And despite the fact that there are countless millions of possible symbols, forms, designs, pictures, animals, etc. they could have used, the fact is that they all use the same 10-12 symbols.13 We are forced to conclude that these were more than pretty pictures.[8]
525 C.E. Najran was the capital of the strong Himyar kingdom, ruled by a dynasty of Judaized kings, most famously Yusuf Asar Dhu Nuwas (d. 525 CE), its last. From the early Roman period, Himyar was an active member of a vibrant trade network connecting Arabia, the Mediterranean, and the African kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia. It was certainly the most significant polity in Arabia before the rise of Islam, enough so to be at constant war with both the Ethiopians of Axum and the )Persian Empire. The effective end of this turbulent kingdom came in 550 EC, when it was conquered by a Parthian army followed by an Ethiopian invasion in 570. Several decades later, the fist Islamic messengers arrived. [9]
July 9, 551: The earliest possible “candidate” was a major quake that hit the country on July 9, 551. It was the earthquake that finally destroyed Petra. More likely was an earthquake of lesser magnitude but located closer to the site which did great damage to the Jordan Valley in 659/660.[10]
July 953: Otto’s actions at the Diet prompted the people of Swabia and Franconia into civil war against their king. After initial defeats by Otto, Liudolf and Conrad fell back to their headquarters in Mainz. In July 953, Otto and his army laid siege to the city, supported by Henry’s army from Bavaria. After two months of siege the city had not fallen and rebellions against Otto’s rule grew stronger in southern Germany. Faced with these challenges, Otto opened peace negotiations with Liudolf and Conrad. Bruno the Great, Otto’s youngest brother and royal chancellor since 940, accompanied his older brothers and oversaw the arrangements for the negotiations. As the newly appointed Archbishop of Cologne, Bruno was eager to end the civil war in Lorraine, which was in his ecclesiastical territory. The rebels demanded ratification of the treaty they had previously agreed to with Otto, but Henry’s actions[vague] during the meeting caused the negotiations to break down.[42] Conrad and Liudolf left the meeting to continue the civil war. Angered by their actions, Otto stripped both men of their duchies of Swabia and Lorraine, and appointed his brother Bruno, the royal chancellor and archbishop of Cologne, as the new Duke of Lorraine. Never before had an ecclesiastical figure occupied a dukedom.
While on campaign with Otto, Henry appointed the Bavarian Count Palatine, Arnulf II, to govern his duchy in his absence. Arnulf II was a son of Arnulf the Bad, whom Henry had previously displaced as duke, and sought revenge: he deserted Henry and joined the rebellion against Otto. Lifting the siege of Mainz, Otto and Henry marched south to regain control over Bavaria. Without the support of the local nobles, their plan failed and they were forced to retreat to Saxony.[43] The duchies of Bavaria, Swabia, and Franconia were in open civil war against the King, and even in his native Duchy of Saxony, revolts began to spread. By the end of 953, the civil war was threatening to depose Otto and permanently end his claims to be Charlemagne’s successor.
End of the Rebellion
In early 954, Margrave Hermann Billung, Otto’s long-time loyal vassal in Saxony, was facing increased Slavic movements in the east. Using the civil war as a cover, the Slavs raided deeper and deeper into the adjacent border areas. Meanwhile, the Hungarians began extensive raids into Southern Germany. Though Liudolf and Conrad prepared defenses agains the invasions in their territories, the Hungarians devastated Bavaria and Franconia. On Palm Sunday, 954, Liudolf held a great feast at Worms and invited the Hungarian chieftains to join him. There, he presented the invaders with gifts of gold and silver.
Otto’s brother Henry soon spread rumors that Conrad and Liudolf had invited the Hungarians into Germany in hopes of using them against Otto. Public opinion quickly turned against the rebels in these duchies. With this change in opinion and the death of his wife Liutgarde, Otto’s only daughter, Conrad began peace negotiations with Otto, which were eventually joined by Liudolf and Archbishop Frederick.[44] [11]
July 9, 1540 Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled.[2] [12]
Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves, by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg
Portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger, c. 1539. Oil and Tempera on Parchment mounted on canvas, Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Queen consort of England
Tenure
January 6, 1540 – July 9, 1540
Spouse
Henry VIII of England
House
House of La Marck (by birth)
House of Tudor (by marriage)
Father
John III, Duke of Cleves
Mother
Maria of Jülich-Berg
Born
(1515-09-22)September 22, 1515
Düsseldorf, Duchy of Berg,
Holy Roman Empire
Died
July 16, 1557(1557-07-16) (aged 41)
Chelsea Manor, England
Signature
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Anne_of_Cleves_Signature.svg/125px-Anne_of_Cleves_Signature.svg.png
Religion
Roman Catholic, then Anglican and finally again Roman Catholic
Anne of Cleves (German: Anna; September 22, 1515[1] – July 16, 1557) was Queen of England from January 6, 1540 to July 9, 1540 as the fourth wife of King Henry VIII. The marriage was never consummated, and she was not crowned queen consort. Following the annulment of their marriage, Anne was given a generous settlement by the King, and thereafter referred to as the King's Beloved Sister. She lived to see the coronation of Mary I of England, outliving the rest of Henry's wives.
Contents
Early life
Anne was born in 1515 in Düsseldorf,[2] the second daughter of John III of the House of La Marck, Duke of Jülich jure uxoris, Cleves, Berg jure uxoris, Count of Mark aka de la Marck and Ravensberg jure uxoris (often referred to as Duke of Cleves) who died in 1538, and his wife Maria, Duchess of Julich-Berg (1491–1543). She grew up living in Schloss Burg on the edge of Solingen. Anne's father was influenced by Erasmus and followed a moderate path within the Reformation. He sided with the Schmalkaldic League and opposed Emperor Charles V. After John's death, Anne's brother William became Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, bearing the promising epithet "The Rich". In 1526, her elder sister Sybille was married to John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, head of the Protestant Confederation of Germany and considered the "Champion of the Reformation".
At the age of 12 (1527), Anne was betrothed to Francis, son and heir of the Duke of Lorraine while he was only 10. Thus the betrothal was considered unofficial and was cancelled in 1535. Her brother William was a Lutheran but the family was unaligned religiously, with her mother, the Duchess Maria, described as a "strict Catholic".[3] The Duke's ongoing dispute over Gelderland with Emperor Charles V made them suitable allies for England's King Henry VIII in the wake of the Truce of Nice. The match with Anne was urged on the King by his chancellor, Thomas Cromwell.
Wedding preparations
The artist Hans Holbein the Younger was dispatched to paint portraits of Anne and her younger sister, Amalia, both of whom Henry was considering as his fourth wife. Henry required the artist to be as accurate as possible, not to flatter the sisters. The two versions of Holbein's portrait are in the Musée du Louvre in Paris and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
Witness statements were taken from a number of courtiers and two physicians which register the king's disappointment at her appearance. Henry had also commented to Thomas Heneage and Anthony Denny that he could not believe she was a virgin.[9] Shortly afterwards, Anne was asked for her consent to an annulment, to which she agreed. The marriage was annulled on July 9, 1540, on the grounds of non-consummation and her pre-contract to Francis of Lorraine. Henry VIII's physician stated that after the wedding night, Henry said he was not impotent because he experienced "duas pollutiones nocturnas in somno" (two nocturnal pollutions while in sleep; i.e., two wet dreams).[10][11]
After the annulment
The former queen received a generous settlement, including Richmond Palace, and Hever Castle, home of Henry's former in-laws, the Boleyns. Anne of Cleves House, in Lewes, Sussex, is just one of many properties she owned; she never lived there. Henry and Anne became good friends—she was an honorary member of the King's family and was referred to as "the King's Beloved Sister". She was invited to court often and, out of gratitude for her not contesting the annulment, Henry decreed that she would be given precedence over all women in England save his own wife and daughters.[7]
After Catherine Howard was beheaded, Anne and her brother, the Duke of Cleves, pressed the king to remarry Anne. Henry quickly refused to do so.[12] She seems to have disliked Catherine Parr, and reportedly reacted to the news of Henry's sixth marriage with the unkind joke "Madam Parr is taking a great burden on herself." She seemed to be jealous of this woman that was five years her senior, and apparently not of very good looks, taking her place as Queen.
[13]
English royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Jane Seymour
Queen consort of England
Lady of Ireland
January 6–July 9, 1540
Vacant
Title next held by
Catherine Howard
[14]
July 9 or 19?, 1540:– Henry VIII marriage to Anne of Cleves is annulled. [15]
July 9, 1553: Jane Grey was informed that she was now queen, and according to her own later claims accepted the crown only with reluctance. [16]
July 9, 1553: from Kenninghall, Norfolk, Mary I wrote to the privy council with orders for her proclamation as Edward's successor.[72] [17]
July 9, 1575: Elizabeth went to Kenilworth castle, the seat of the Earl of Leicester, and spent twelve days there, entertained with the greatest magnificence. [18]
July 9, 1578: The Duke of Anjou arrives at Mons, and concludes a treaty with the States-General, whereby he binds himself to bring to their assistance twelve thousand men ; and soon after he returns to France, to put himself at the head of his troops, which were mustering near the frontiers of Flanders. [19]
July 9, 1665: Daughter of Henrietta of England and Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans
1.Stillborn daughter (July 9, 1665). [20]
Tuesday July 9, 1754
The Virginia Regiment reaches Wills Creek having marched for five days from the Great Meadows. A roll call shows that out of 283 men present for duty one week previously at the Great Meadows, only 165 remain. Walking wounded and footsore men straggle in during the next few days. [21]
July 9, 1755: In 1755 William Crawford forsook surveying, and farming, to face the common enemy of the settlement-the Indian. He accepted a commission as ensign, and with Washington fought under Braddock, in the bloody and disastrous engagement with the French and Indians July 9, 1755, near Fort Du Quesne. And the gallantry of Ensign Crawford was such that he was made a lieutenant the next year. Lieutenant Crawford became noted for bravery, activity, and discretion in the wars against the Indians, and French and Indians. From 1755 to 1758 he was employed on the frontiers of Pennsylvania and Virginia in garrison duty, leading scouting parties, and in other ways against the Indians, where, by dear experience, he was taught the most effective way to fight and subdue savages. It having been decided in 1758 to make another attempt to reduce Fort Du Quesne, Washington, who was now Commander-in-Chief of the Virginia troops, secured for Crawford a commission as captain, who thereupon recruited a full company of hardy frontiersmen to serve under "his friend and benefactor."[22][23] And one of the privates in Crawford's company afterwards became famous in the Revolutionary war as Major General Daniel Morgan.6 Such were the men who decided to besiege and take Fort Du Quesne.
July 9, 1755: In spite of several actions of exemplary bravery, the attackers suffered one of the worst defeats in the history of the British Army on July 9, 1755.
Braddock’s force was split into an advance group (“flying column”) and a rear group led by Colonel Dunbar with the slow wagons. It was the “flying column” that met the French and Indians in the Battle of the Monongahela.
The French and Indians lost maybe a couple dozen men from a force numbering 600-900. The actual number is disputed—some believe around 50 killed and/or wounded severely. The British suffered 456 killed and another 421 wounded. Braddock expected the French to stay in the fort until fired on and then to come out European style—face to face in an open field. Braddock was shot in the lungs and died four days later.
The French had determined Fort Duquesne was defenseless against an enemy with cannons and decided a preferred tactic would be to meet Braddock in a wooded area to take advantage of firing from heavy cover without presenting a visible target for their enemy.
Braddock is to have said after the fight, “who would have thought it?”
Description: http://www.thelittlelist.net/braddockremains.jpg
Braddock remains. Braddock Park (see location below). Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler.
"Here lieth the remains of Major General Edward Braddock who in command of the 44th and 48th regiments of English regulars was mortally wounded in an engagement with the French and Indians under the command of Captain M. de Beaujeu at the Battle of the Monongahela within ten miles of Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburg, July 9, 1755.
Braddock's Crossing. PA 837 at Hoffman Street (Kennywood Park) in Allegheny County. Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged photo.
"Below this hill, about midday on July 9, 1755, a British army of 1300 made its second crossing of the river and advanced to drive the French from Fort Duquesne. A few hours later, with General Braddock mortally wounded and his army routed, survivors recrossed, pursued by the French and Indians.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission."
Sunday, January 23, 2005 (3)
General Braddock’s Defeat, 1755
Battle for a Continent, by Harrison Bird
July 9, 1755: Washington is a 23 year old soldier fighting alongside British Regulars against French and Indian forces. He accompanies an English Advance Guard when suddenly they are attacked from the trees. The fighting is close quarters, gunsmoke abscures their vision. Bullets fly from every direction. It is a massacre. The British Commander, General Braddock is mortally wounded. His troops panick and scatter. Every single officer is either dead or wounded, except Washington. He has bullits going through his jacket, going through his hat, he has horses shot out from under him, but miraculously he remains unhurt.
Under fire he bravely takes command and leads the remaining soldiers out of harms way. The incidendt give rise to a legend that he protected by the great spirit and that he will never die in battle.[24]
The Wounding of General Braddock[25]
The Wounding of General Braddock
By: Robert Griffing
July 9, British defeated by French at Monongahela River and Braddock killed. Despite defeat, Washington achieves recognition in official circles for bravery under fire.[26]
However, disaster struck a few miles from Fort Duquesne on july 9. There they collided with about 200 French and 600 Indians.
Disorganization and fear seised the British as they suffered about 900 casualties- more than half killed-out of 1400 engaged.
Braddock himself was mortally wounded.
Beaujeu. Capitaine Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu. (BOH-joh). Born August 9, 1711 in Montreal and killed at the Battle of the Monongahela July 9, 1755. French officer who persuaded Fort Duquesne commander Contrecoeur to allow him to lead a group of French and Canadian soldiers plus allied Indians out of the fort and up the Monongahela River to meet the force of British General Braddock. The Indians thought Beaujeu would be leading them against an invincible force and refused his request. But, after an impassioned plea by Beaujeu where he apparently shamed them, the Indians changed their minds and added around 637 warriors to his force of some 254 French/Canadian troupes de la marine and militia. Thus, Beaujeu was able to lead a force of approximately 900 to the battle
Beaujeu was killed by the third volley from the British and was replaced by Captain Jean-Daniel Dumas (see Dumas). Some accounts record that Beaujeu had been appointed commandant of Fort Duquesne—replacing Contrecoeur. Without Beaujeu’s persuading the Indians to fight, Fort Duquesne would certainly have fallen. After Beaujeu’s death and the defeat of Braddock, Contrecoeur was quick to claim credit for the victory.
Beaujeu had a younger brother—Louis Lienard (1716-1802) who was commandant at Fort Michilimackinac 1758-1760. After the August 1760 French surrender to the British in Canada, Beaujeu turned over command to Charles de Langlade so that Beaujeu would not be the one surrendering to the enemy. Perhaps Louis Lienard felt that surrendering to an enemy who had killed his brother would have resulted in a humiliation beyond the call of duty.[27]
July 9, 1776: Taylor, George. A private in Captain Stephenson's company. Afterwards joined Captain Shepherd's company as a private. Marked on the pay roll, "Deserted July 9th, 1776."…
…Tingle, George. Lived near Shepherdstown. In 1776 he enlisted in Captain John Nelson's company of riflemen, raised in Maryland and Virginia, and joined Captain Stephenson's company on Staten Island.
Tullis, Aaron and Michael. Two brothers who enlisted as privates in Captain Stephenson's company. They may have been the sons of Moses Tullis, a landowner at the time in Berkeley County.
Tunison, Garret. Dr Garret Tunison, "arrived in Shepherdstown in 1773. Became a resident practicing physician. He entered Captain H. Stephenson's Company of Volunteer Riflemen, as a Surgeon, in June 1775, about the same time as myself. We marched to Boston. There he acted by appointment also to three other volunteer Companies, viz., Daniel Morgan's Michael Cresap's, and Thomas Price's, the two last from Maryland. On the 8th of July, 1776, (July 8) Stephenson received a Colonel's Commission and was ordered to raise a Rifle Regiment. The men were enlisted for three years, and Tunison was retained as Surgeon. * * * In September the Regiment was ordered to Ft. Lee on the North River, and thence across the river to the defence of Fort Washington, where the regiment was captured. Tunison, with a few of its officers and men being on duty at other points, escaped the general destruction." (Letter of Henry Bedinger, dated November 12, 1830.) Dr. Tunison continued to serve as a surgeon in other corps of the army. After the Revolution he returned to his old home in New Jersey.[28]
uc06330
General Washington had this Declaration read to his assembled troops on July 9 in New York, where they awaited the combined British fleet and army. Later that night, American troops destroyed a bronze-lead statue of Great Britain's King George III that stood at the foot of Broadway on the Bowling Green. The statue was later molded into bullets for the American Army. [29]
John Hancock, colonial Boston’s wealthiest merchant, who was the “milch cow” who funded the secret activities of the Sons of Liberty. Hancock , a Freemason[30], was the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence. Freemason Benjamin Franklin would also sign.[31] He later served as the the first elected governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Hancock’s elegant mansion stood on what is now the west lawn of the State house. Hancock wished to give his home to the state,. For use as a governor’s mansion, but he died begfore he could sign his will. Years later, his heirs offered to sell the old house to the state, but the price was considered too high. Much to the dismay of all Bostonians, the Hancock mansion was demolished in 1863.[32]
July 9, 1777: Today the last troops went aboard the transport ships, ending the embarkation, but the fleet with the troops on board, nevertheless lay[33]…
July 9, 1778:
Here is something that is not indexed in reference to Gotlieb in Chalkley's Chronicles but is in the book:
Volume II, page 73:
"Walter Crockett of Wythe vs. Gordon Cloyd and others----O.S. 33; N.S.
11---Bill filed 9th July, 1778. ...Depositions in Winchester, June 29, 1805.
. . . Conrad Cutliff aged 19 (Gotlieb?). Francis Cutliff aged 61." I am
wondering why James, the youngest son of Abraham (b. abt. 1803) and Sally
(Dorsey) Cutlip used the name Cutliff on his marriage record, both for himself
and his father. EHB[34]
July 9, 1786: Sophie-Hélène-Béatrix, who died in infancy (July 9, 1786 – June 19, 1787) [35]
July 9, 1789: The declaration of the National Constituent Assembly on July 9. Within three short months, the majority of King Louis XVI’s executive authority had been transferred to the elected representatives of the people's nation. [36]
July 9, 1815: The War of 1812 ended in May 1814 and Batteal Harrison was discharged from the Army at Detroit, July 9, 1815.
Batteal married Elizabeth Scott February 3, 1814. After discharge from the Army, Batteal and Elizabeth moved with baby Benjamin to Northern Fayette County, Ohio and built a cabin along the North Fork of Paint Creek. Since Batteal's father served in the Continental Army in a Virginia Regiment, Batteal and his brothers and sisters had the right to exercise a federal land warrant for 4000 acres in Central Ohio. About 1600 acres of this were sold immediately. The brothers and sisters (all living in Missouri) waived their rights to the land and Batteal had surveyors select land for the 2400 acre balance in several parcels in Fayette, Pickaway, and Pike Counties. Most was in the vicinity of Madison Mills, Fayette County. Batteal and Elizabeth lived to see all of their six children grow into adulthood, marry and have children of their own.
Batteal was a farmer and stock-raiser after his army career. In the 1820's he was an Associate Judge of Fayette County. From 1836 to 1840 he was State Representative. During most of Batteal's life, State law required all able bodied men to participate in militia training. Batteal was elected Brigadier General of Militia but was not Adjutant General of Ohio as has been reported elsewhere.
Batteal and Elizabeth did not live to learn of the capture and death of their son John Joseph at the siege of Vicksburg during the Civil War. Elizabeth died in 1851 and Batteal in 1857.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 HARRISON, Benjamin b: 1750 in Orange County, Virginia
d: 1808 in Washington County, Missouri
+NEWELL, Mary b: Unknown m: in Virginia d: 1812
.. 2 HARRISON, Batteal b: 1780 in Sweetbryer County, Virginia
d: October 30, 1857 in White Oak, Fayette County, Ohio
.. +SCOTT, Elizabeth Thompson b: 1782 m: February
03, 1814 in Chillicothe d: March 27, 1851 in White Oak,
Fayette County, Ohio
.... 3 HARRISON, Benjamin b: February 08, 1815 in Rpss County, Ohio
d: August 24, 1902 in Madison County, Ohio
.... +REEVES, Martha Margaret b: October 30, 1815 in Range Township
Madison County, OH m: March 09, 1837
d: August 25, 1903 in Madison County, Ohio
...... 4 HARRISON, Batteal b: November 06, 1839 in Madison / Fayette
County, Ohio d: January 19, 1890 in Range Township, Ohio
...... +RODGERS, Lydia Ann b: January 17, 1841 in Ross County, Ohio
m: December 24, 1861 in Fayette County, Ohio d: February 07,
1922 in Madison County, Ohio
........ 5 HARRISON, Benjamin Rodgers b: March 08, 1869 in Range
Township, Madison County, Ohio d: August 13, 1936 in
Columbus, Ohio
........ +CLARK, Cuie M. b: May 04, 1869 in Madison County, Ohio
m: December 18, 1890 in Mt. Sterling, Ohio
d: December 15, 1961 in Columbus, Ohio
.......... 6 HARRISON, Clark Rodgers b: November 20, 1891 in Range
Township, near Mt. Sterling, Ohio d: October 27, 1957
in Columbus, Ohio
.......... +HARDIN, Lulu Belle b: September 09, 1894
in Liberty Township, Highland County, Ohio m: November
22, 1914 in Her parents in McKenzie, Tennessee, Carroll
County d: March 08, 1952 in Columbis, Ohio
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source:
Original article by Jeremy F Elliot printed here with permission.
Submitted by Dan Harrison. [37]
Olena VANCE
Birth: July 9, 1830, Strawberry Plains, Jefferson Co., TN.
[38]
Mary A. VANCE
Birth: July 9, 1835[39]
July 9, 1840: Land Grants Received by Lemuel Crawford
Lemuel Crawford (heirs) Received Donation Certificate 1049 for 640 acres from S War on July 9, 1840 for his having been killed at the Alamo. 640 acres in Duvall County were paid to the heirs on June 29, 1848 Patent 117 Vol 1 Abstract 186 GLO File San Patricio Donation 105. [40]
July 9, 1850: Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor-circa1850.jpg
12th President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1849[a] – July 9, 1850
Vice President
Millard Fillmore
Preceded by
James Polk
Succeeded by
Millard Fillmore
Personal details
Born
(1784-11-24)November 24, 1784
Barboursville, Virginia, U.S.
Died
July 9, 1850(1850-07-09) (aged 65)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place
Zachary Taylor National Cemetery
Louisville, Kentucky
Political party
Whig
Spouse(s)
Margaret Smith
(1810–1850; his death)
Children
Margaret Smith
Sarah Knox
Ann Mackall
Octavia Pannell
Mary Elizabeth
Richard
Profession
Major general
Religion
Episcopal
Signature
Cursive signature in ink
Military service
Allegiance
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/US_flag_15_stars.svg/21px-US_flag_15_stars.svg.png United States of America
Service/branch
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_%281775%29.gif/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army_%281775%29.gif United States Army
Years of service
1808–1849
Rank
Union army maj gen rank insignia.jpgMajor general
Commands
Army of Occupation
Battles/wars
War of 1812
• Siege of Fort Harrison
Black Hawk War
Second Seminole War
• Battle of Lake Okeechobee
Mexican–American War
• Battle of Palo Alto
• Battle of Resaca de la Palma
• Battle of Monterrey
• Battle of Buena Vista
Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th President of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850. Prior to his presidency, Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to the rank of major general. His status as a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican-American War won him election to the White House despite his vague political beliefs. His top priority as president was preserving the Union, but he died sixteen months into his term, before making any progress on the status of slavery, which had been inflaming tensions in Congress.
Taylor was born to a prominent family of planters who migrated westward from Virginia to Kentucky in his youth. He was commissioned as an officer in the U.S. Army in 1808 and made a name for himself as a captain in the War of 1812. He climbed the ranks establishing military forts along the Mississippi River and entered the Black Hawk War as a colonel in 1832. His success in the Second Seminole War attracted national attention and earned him the nickname "Old Rough and Ready".[41]
July 9, 1850: Zachary Scott Taylor, 12th President of the United States (1784 - 1850)
http://www.geni.com/people/Zachary-S-Taylor-12th-President-of-the-USA/6000000002143404336
Nicknames:
"Old Rough and Ready", "Little Zack"
Birthplace:
Montebello, Nelson County, Virginia, United States
Death:
Died July 9, 1850 in White House
Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Cause of death:
The cause was listed as gastroenteritis; however, an autopsy revealed traces of arsenic at levels several hundred times less than necessary for poisoning to have occurred.
Occupation:
United States President, 12th President of the US (1849-1850); Major General in US Army in War of 1812, Blackhawk War, 2nd Seminole War, and Mexican-American War, 12th President of the USA, President of the United States, President, Military
Managed by:
Dorothy Marie Willard
Last Updated:
November 21, 2011
View Complete Profile
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Immediate Family
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Margaret "Peggy" Mackall Smith T...
wife
http://geni2-mhcache-com-myheritage.netdna-ssl.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif
Ann Margaret Mackall Wood
daughter
http://photos.geni.com/p13/e6/6f/74/4b/5344483a7689be69/sarah_knox_taylor_age_16_t2.jpg
Sarah - Sallie Knox Davis
daughter
http://geni2-mhcache-com-myheritage.netdna-ssl.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif
Octavia Pannill Taylor
daughter
http://geni2-mhcache-com-myheritage.netdna-ssl.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif
Margaret Smith Taylor
daughter
http://photos.geni.com/p12/8e/83/bc/c2/534448387c9cf65b/BettyDandridge_t2.jpg
Betty Dandridge
daughter
http://photos.geni.com/p13/3a/82/ae/ba/5344483930cf39d5/taylor_123_t2.jpg
Lt. General Richard Taylor (CSA)
son
http://geni0-mhcache-com-myheritage.netdna-ssl.com/images/photo_silhouette_m_thumb2.gif
William Henry Taylor
son
http://geni0-mhcache-com-myheritage.netdna-ssl.com/images/photo_silhouette_m_thumb2.gif
Richard Taylor
son
http://geni2-mhcache-com-myheritage.netdna-ssl.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif
Blandine Taylor
daughter
http://geni0-mhcache-com-myheritage.netdna-ssl.com/images/photo_silhouette_m_thumb2.gif
Knox Taylor
son
http://geni2-mhcache-com-myheritage.netdna-ssl.com/images/photo_silhouette_f_thumb2.gif
Sarah Dabney Strother Taylor
mother
About Zachary Scott Taylor, 12th President of the United States
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor
Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was an American military leader and the 12th President of the United States.
Known as "Old Rough and Ready," Taylor had a 40-year military career in the U.S. Army, serving in the War of 1812, Black Hawk War, and Second Seminole War before achieving fame leading U.S. troops to victory at several critical battles of the Mexican–American War.
A Southern slaveholder who opposed the spread of slavery to the territories, he was uninterested in politics but was recruited by the Whig Party as their nominee in the 1848 presidential election.
In the election, Taylor defeated the Democratic nominee, Lewis Cass, and became the first U.S. president never to have held any previous elected office. Taylor was also the last southerner to be elected president until Woodrow Wilson.
As president, Taylor urged settlers in New Mexico and California to bypass the territorial stage and draft constitutions for statehood, setting the stage for the Compromise of 1850.
Taylor died of acute gastroenteritis just 16 months into his term. Vice President Millard Fillmore then became President.
Zachary Taylor was born on a farm on November 24, 1784, in Orange County, Virginia, to a prominent family of planters. He was the youngest of three sons in a family of nine children. His father, Richard Taylor, had served with George Washington during the American Revolution.
Taylor was a descendent of William Brewster, one of the Pilgrims; James Madison was Taylor's second cousin, and Robert E. Lee was a kinsman.
During his youth, he lived on the frontier in Louisville, Kentucky, residing in a small cabin in a wood during most of his childhood, before moving to a brick house as a result of his family's increased prosperity. He shared the house with seven brothers and sisters, and his father owned 10,000 acres, town lots in Louisville, and twenty-six slaves by 1800. Since there were no schools on the Kentucky frontier, Taylor had only a basic education growing up, provided by tutors his father hired from time to time. He was reportedly a poor student; his handwriting, spelling, and grammar were described as "crude and unrefined throughout his life." When Taylor was younger, he wanted to join the military. [42]
July 9, 1854: Children of Ransom Smith and Nancy King:
+ . i. Benjamin G. Smith (b. July 9, 1854 in GA)[43]
July 9, 1863: As the siege continued, the Confederates nearly exhausted their ammunition and were reduced to eating mules, horses and rats. When word reachd Garnder that Vicksburg had surrendered, he realized that his situation was hopeless and nothing could be gained by continuing the defense of Port Hudson. Surrender terms were negotiated, and on July 9, 1863, after 48 days and thousands of casualties, the Union army entered Port Hudson. The siege became the longest in American military history.[44]
July 9 to 16, 1863: Battle of Jackson, MS.[45]
Sat. July 9, 1864
Signed the pay rolls[46]
Was on fatigue no drill
(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry) [47]
July 9, 1864: Battle of Mount Sterling, KY.[48]
July 9, 1864: Battle of Monocacy, MD.[49]
Private Rigby was impressed with the fine water in Monocacy Creek near the camp. It was quite a contrast to the muddy byous of Louisiana. The camp was located twenty-eight miles from Harpers Ferry and about three miles east of Frederick City. Although there were no Rebels in the area, the campground had been the scene of a Union defeat on July 9, 1864. [50]
July 9, 1926: Virgil Britton Nix (b. July 9, 1926).[51]
July 9, 1940: The German blitz (bombing) of London begins.[52]
July 9, 1941: German forces occupy Zhitomir.[53]
July 9-10, 1943: Allied forces invade Sicily.[54]
July 9, 1944: Between May 15 and July 9, 437,000, primarily Hungarian Jews are deported to Auschwitz. Most of those sent to Auschwitz are gassed soon after their arrival.[55]
Laszlo Csatary, Most-Wanted Nazi War Criminal, Found In Hungary
Posted: 07/16/2012 1:25 pm Updated: 07/16/2012 3:14 pm
Laszlo Csatary
One of the last most-wanted Nazi war criminals still at large has been found living comfortably in Budapest and the group that has been hunting him for decades is urging Hungarian prosecutors to finally bring him to justice.
Laszlo Csatary, who is accused of helping send 15,700 Jews to their death at Auschwitz, was photographed by Britain's tabloid Sun newspaper, which identified him as Ladislaus Csizsik-Csatary, living in a two-bedroom apartment in a "smart district" of the city. The photos show the fugitive, now 97, standing at his door wearing just socks and underpants.
The newspaper quoted him denying complicity with the Holocaust-era killings but last week the Nazi-hunting Simon Wiesenthal Center submitted new evidence to Hungarian prosecutors on the man who is No. 1 on its most-wanted list.
The Center said Csatary was a senior police officer in the Slovakian city of Kassa (now known as Kosice), then under Hungarian rule. In 1941, he is said to have played a "key role" in the deportation of 300 Jews to Ukraine, where they were killed.
As a “commander” in the Royal Hungarian Police in Kassa, Csatary is accused of complicity in the deportations of thousands of other Jews from Kosice and the surrounding area to the Auschwitz death camp in the spring of 1944. According to the Wiesenthal Center, witnesses reported that he oversaw the Jewish ghetto with extreme cruelty, whipping women and forcing them to dig holes with their bare hands.
“Several thousand Jewish families have felt sorrow and hurt because of this man and it would be a disgrace, for the entire Hungarian nation, if Csatary were to escape justice,” Peter Feldmajer, president of the Hungarian Jewish Community, told the Sun.
Cstary was sentenced in abstentia to death by a Czech court after the war. By then he had fled to Canada, where he worked under a false identity as an art dealer. He was discovered in the mid-1990s but disappeared before the Canadian government could deport him. His whereabouts were unknown for 15 years until he was tracked down in a quiet neighborhood of Budapest.[56]
July 9, 1944: The Hungarian regent, Milos Horthy, orders an end to the deportations from Hungary. Two days later they cease.[57]
July 9, 1982: Michael Fagan incident
Michael Fagan (born 8 August 1948) is a notable Buckingham Palace intruder who broke into the palace and entered the Queen's bedroom in 1982.[1] The incident sparked the 20th Century's biggest royal security breach.[2]
Biography
Beginnings
Michael Fagan was born in Clerkenwell, London, on August 8, 1948,[1] the son of Ivy and Michael Fagan, who was a steel erector and a "champion safe-breaker". He has two younger sisters, Margaret and Elizabeth. In 1955, he attended Compton Street School in Clerkenwell (now St. Peter & St. Paul RC Primary School). In 1966, he left home at 16 to escape his father, who, Fagan says, was violent and started working as a painter and decorator. In 1972, he married Christine, with whom he had four children.[3]
Break-ins
At around 7.00am on Friday morning, July 9, 1982, Michael Fagan, who was by then a 33-year-old unemployed decorator whose wife had just left him,[3] scaled Buckingham Palace's 14ft perimeter wall - topped with revolving spikes and barbed wire[2] - and shinned up a drainpipe before wandering into the Queen's bedroom at about 7.15am.[1] By his own account, it was his second attempt: on his first he shinned up the drainpipe, startling a housemaid, who called security. When guards reached the scene, Fagan had disappeared, leading them to believe the housemaid was mistaken. Fagan entered the palace through an unlocked window on the roof and spent the next half hour eating cheddar cheese and crackers and wandering around. He tripped several alarms, but they were faulty. He viewed the royal portraits and rested on the throne for a while. He then entered the postroom, where Diana, Princess of Wales had hidden presents for her first son, William. Fagan drank half a bottle of white wine before becoming tired and leaving.[3]
On Fagan's second attempt, an alarm sensor detected him. A member of the palace staff thought the alarm was faulty and silenced it. En route to see the Queen, Fagan broke a glass ashtray, cutting his hand.[citation needed]
The Queen woke when he disturbed a curtain, and initial reports said Fagan sat on the edge of her bed. But in a 2012 interview, he clarified that she in fact left the room immediately, seeking security.[3] She phoned twice for police but none came. Fagan then asked for some cigarettes, which were brought by a maid. When the maid did not return to base for some time, footman Paul Whybrew appeared. The incident happened as the armed police officer outside the royal bedroom came off duty before his replacement arrived. He had been out walking the Queen's corgis.[citation needed]
Arrest[edit]
Since it was then a civil wrong rather than a criminal offence, Michael Fagan was not charged for trespassing in the Queen's bedroom.[4] He was charged with theft (of the wine), but the charges were dropped when he was committed for psychiatric evaluation. He spent the next six months in a psychiatric hospital before being released on January 21, 1983. It was not until 2007, when Buckingham Palace became a "designated site" for the purposes of section 128 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, that what he did became criminal.[5] Fagan's mother later said, "He thinks so much of the Queen. I can imagine him just wanting to simply talk and say hello and discuss his problems."[6]
Later life[edit]
In 1984, Fagan attacked a policeman at a café in Fishguard, Wales, and was given a three-month suspended jail sentence. He was found guilty of indecent exposure in 1987 after he was spotted running around with no trousers on at a waste ground in Chingford, Essex. In 1997 he was imprisoned for four years after he, his wife and their 20-year-old son were charged with conspiring to supply heroin.[7]
Notoriety[edit]
In 1983, Michael Fagan recorded a version of the Sex Pistols song "God Save The Queen"[8] with British punk band the Bollock Brothers. He made an appearance in Channel 4's The Antics Roadshow,[9] an hour-long 2011 TV documentary directed by the British street artist Banksy charting the history of people behaving badly in public. The palace intrusion was adapted in 2012 for an episode of Sky Arts' Playhouse Presents series entitled Walking the Dogs,[10][11] a one-off British comedy drama starring Emma Thompson as the monarch.
Other incidents[edit]
Similar incidents of undetected entry to Buckingham Palace have happened before and since, including several spectacular intrusions by "the boy Jones" in the first years of Queen Victoria's reign and a Fathers 4 Justice protester scaling the walls and unveiling a banner, while dressed as Batman, in September 2004.
On Saturday, 7 September 2013, BBC News reported that two men had been arrested and bailed for an alleged break-in at Buckingham Palace on Monday, 2 September 2013.[12]
On Monday, 14 October 2013, a mentally-ill 44-year-old man was rugby-tackled to the ground by armed police and arrested after he jumped over a vehicle barrier at Buckingham Palace's north centre gate just before 11.30am. When searched, a 6in kitchen knife was found wrapped in a plastic bag in his jacket pocket. In custody, he told the police he 'wanted to see the Queen' after his Incapacity Benefit was stopped. The Queen was not in residence at the time of the incident. At Westminster magistrates' court the following day, he admitted trespass and possession of a bladed article.[13] He was sentenced to 16 months imprisonment at Southwark crown court on Wednesday, 15 January 2014.[14][58]
[59]
July 9, 1998: Parfitt, Neil Bradman, D. B. Goldstein, "Origins of Old Testament Priests." Nature 394 (July 9, 1998): 138-140. Excerpts from Keys' book:
"DNA tests on Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews have revealed the possibility that at least one key section of the latter community may have genetic evidence of a potentially large-scale or even mass conversion which must have taken place sometime after around A.D. 700.... the only known mass conversion within that time frame and in that geographical area was that of the Khazars in the eighth century. Significantly, the section of the Ashkenazi community whose DNA may suggest a partially convert origin is that section which up till now had traditionally been said to be wholly descended from the Assistant Priests of ancient Israel.... By analyzing Y chromosomes from a sample of both Levite and non-Levite populations in both Sephardic and Ashkenazi communities, geneticists have discovered that an astounding 30 percent of Ashkenazi non-Cohenic Levites have a particular || combination of DNA material on part of their Y-chromosome that is not shared to any extent by either non-Levite Ashkenazi Jews or the Sephardic community as a whole. This genetic marker does not even show up among the Cohens (descendants of the ancient Israelite Chief Priests) - but only among the descendants of Assistant Priests, and then only within Ashkenazi (northern European) Jewry. What seems to have happened is not only a potentially large-scale conversion of non-Jewish people, almost certainly Khazars, to Judaism, but also the adoption of Levite (Assistant Priest) status by a substantial number of the Khazar converts.... A tenth-century letter of recommendation from the Jewish community of Kiev to Jewish communities outside Khazaria was signed by Jews with traditional Turkic names whose almost certainly Turkic Khazar ancestors had adopted second names... indicating that they saw themselves as descendants or close associates of the ancient tribe of Levi.... Adoption of Cohenic or ordinary Levitical status by converts was and is expressly forbidden by rabbinical law, so the Khazars had to develop a mythic national history that gave them the right to Levitical status. They claimed that they were the descendants of one of the lost tribes of Israel and were not converts at all but merely returnees to Judaism. Furthermore, the tribe they claimed ancestry from was that of Simeon, the brother of the founder of the tribe of Levi.... Probably it was the old pre-Jewish Khazar priests - the qams - who at the conversion had become Levites en masse..." (excerpts from pages 99-100) [60]
In their second published paper in Nature (July 9, 1998) the researchers included an unexpected finding. Those Jews in the study who identified themselves as Levites did not show a common set of markers as did the Cohanim. The Levites clustered in three groupings, one of them the CMH. According to tradition, the Levites should also show a genetic signature from a common paternal patrilineal ancestor. The researchers are now focusing effort on the study of Levites' genetic make up to learn more about their history in the Diaspora.
Using the CMH as a DNA signature of the ancient Hebrews, researchers are pursuing a hunt for Jewish genes around the world.
This research could have ramifications in the search for the Biblical Ten Lost Tribes
This could have ramifications in the search for the Biblical Ten Lost Tribes.
Using the genetic markers of the Cohanim as a yardstick, these genetic archaeologists are using DNA research to discover historical links to the Jewish people.
The researchers' policy is that the research is not a test of individuals, but an examination of the extended family. Having the CMH is not a proof of one's being a Cohen, for the mother's side is also significant in determining one's Cohen status. At present, there are no ramifications in Jewish law due to this discovery. No one is certified nor disqualified because of their Y chromosome markers.
The research has shown a clear genetic relationship amongst Cohanim and their direct lineage from a common ancestor. The research findings support the Torah statements that the line of Aaron will last throughout history:
"... and they shall have the Priesthood as a statute forever, and you shall consecrate Aaron and his sons." [Exodus 29:9]
"... it shall be for them an appointment to an everlasting Priesthood throughout their generations." [Exodus 40:15]
"And it shall be to him and to his descendants after him a covenant of everlastingPriesthood." [Numbers 25:13]
That our Torah tradition is supported by these findings is an inspiration for many that God surely keeps His promises. May we soon see the Cohanim restored to their service, Levites on their Temple platform and Israelites at their places.
If you are a Cohen or Levi interested in participating in the DNA research and/or receiving further information please contact:
Center For Cohanim,
3 Rehov HaMekubalim,
Old City, Jerusalem, Israel
Phone/Fax: (02) 628-9243
Email: ymkleiman@hotmail.com
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to Professor Edward Simon, microbiologist at Purdue University, lecturer and board member of the Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists, for his expert input.[61]
3,300 years ago…Cohen Gene: Y-Chromosomal Aaron
Cohen Modal Haplotype is the Genetic Signature of the Jewish Priestly Family
Kimberly Sharpe
Kimberly Sharpe, Yahoo! Contributor Network
Oct 28, 2009 "Share your voice on Yahoo! websites. Start Here."
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Traditions and beliefs dictate that to be a true Jew you must be descended matrilineally (from the mother). This is truly the only way to be Jewish ethnically. For thousands of years the Jewish race has traced their lineage back using this system. However, if you are a Kohanim (priest) you traditionally track your lineage back paternally (from the father). This has always been an oddity in the Jewish world but the accepted belief based upon God's word to the first High Priest, Aaron. God proclaimed that all priests would be descended directly from Aaron's line. For 3,300 years Jews have believed that you must be a direct descendant of Aaron to be considered of the priesthood. But can science prove this promise from God to be true? The answer is - yes.
Today there are seven million Jews worldwide. Of those seven million five percent of the men claim to be Kohanim. This is roughly 350,000 Jews worldwide. This line is a direct paternal descent of the line of Aaron, who God proclaimed to be the first High Priest of the Jewish race. God promised Aaron that all of his sons and their sons would be priests and live on throughout the ages despite the hardships that the Jewish race would face such as ongoing genocide and being dispersed throughout the world in the last 3,300 years.
Dr. Karl Skorecki is a nephrologist and a top-level researcher at the University of Toronto and the Rambam-Technion Medical Center in Haifa, Israel. He has been largely involved in many breakthroughs in molecular genetics which are revolutionizing medicine and the study of the life-sciences today. He is well respected around the world in his field as a leading researcher and considered to truly be one of the best. Dr. Skorecki had a special interest in providing proof that the Kohanim (priestly) tradition is true because his family has maintained that the males are true Kohanim in his family line for thousands of years. He has a Ashkenazi Jewish background but the family also has the tradition of being Kohen.
After much consideration Dr. Skorecki believed that the Jews who adhere to tradition and the handful that proclaim themselves to be true Kohen must have a common paternal ancestor that could be traced through the use of genetics. Could the genetic marker be traceable after over 3,000 years back to the single man Aaron in the Sinai desert? Dr. Skorecki believed that it could be traced and he set out to prove his theory true.
Genetic markers are variations in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA, known as a mutation. Normally when a mutation occurs within a gene it will cause a malfunction in the genetic makeup to occur or a disease to manifest. Over time the genetic marker is completely lost due to selection in succeeding generations. However, rarely mutations persist and are located in the non coding regions of DNA. This is what Dr. Skorecki and his researchers would have to locate in order to prove that the Kohanim tradition was valid and real.
The Y chromosome is what determines being a male. This chromosome consists entirely of non-coding DNA. This is what causes it to accumulate mutations over a period of time. The Y chromosome is passed from father to son without any recombination. This makes the genetic information on a Y chromosome in your son the same as his male ancestors going back thousands of years. Often a very rare mutation will occur in the hereditary line, however. This mutation is called a haplotype and can serve as a true and provable genetic signature of a mans true male ancestry. This is what makes him who he is and what sets him apart from the rest of the world giving him his own unique lineage.
Dr. Skorecki teamed up with world re-known researcher Professor Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona. Dr. Hammer is one of the leading world researchers in molecular genetics. He was one of the first true pioneers in the Y chromosome research. He uses DNA analysis to study the history of the population, the migrations of the world people, and the true origins of each race. He has studied the Native American Indians and the Japanese people which have gained him worldwide recognition as one of the best researchers in the field.
In the first study Dr. Skorecki and Dr. Hammer took 188 Jewish participants from England, North America, and Israel. DNA was extracted from the cheek cells of each participant. The participants were each asked to state if they were Kohen, Levi or Israelite. They were also were asked to provide a detailed family history.
When the results were calculated they were staggering. The analysis of the Y chromosome markers of the Kohanim and non-Kohanim showed exact results. These findings showed a particular marker called YAP- which was detected in 98.5 percent of the participants who claimed Kohanim lineage.
Dr. Skorecki and Dr. Hammer gathered their research team to perform a second study. During this study they gathered even more DNA samples. This study revealed a particular array of six chromosomal markers which were found in 97 of the 106 Kohens tested. This collection was named Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH) which is the standard genetic signature of the Jewish priestly family. The chances of these findings ever randomly happening is a very rare one in 10,000.
From these findings exact date calculations of the mutations can be mapped. Based on the variations in the Kohanim line today the time frame that results indicated that a 106 generations have passed since the founding line. This is a finding of 3,300 years which is the approximate time of the Exodus of the Jewish People led by Moses, brother of Aaron, from Egypt to Israel. This is when tradition and the Bible dictates that the priesthood first began with Aaron and God promised that Aaron's descendants would be the Priests of the Jewish people.
This finding is outstanding in its very significance because it proves the Biblical validity of the Exodus and the life of both Aaron and Moses. This shows that the oral tradition of the Jewish people is accurate and that the historical findings of the Bible are accurate.
Dr. Hammer confirms that his findings are consistent and that over 80 percent of self-identified Kohanim have a common set of markers. These studies have been staggeringly significant in the world of genetic research. The studies and calculations done by Dr. Hammer and Dr. Skorecki resulted in the highest paternity certainty rate ever recorded in any population genetic study ever done.
According to the Torah the line of Aaron will last throughout history God proclaimed and research findings have supported this to a shocking degree. God promised Aaron that his line would remain the priesthood of the Jewish people and this scientific evidence proves that God always keeps His promises.
To me these findings are significant because they provide proof of the existence of God and the historical significance of the Bible through valid scientific evidence that truly cannot be disputed.
Sources:
DNA and Traditions: The Genetic Link To The Ancient Hebrews By Yaakov Kleiman
http://www.cambridgedna.com/y-chromosomal-aaron-and-the-cohen-model-haplotype.php
http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/19980919cohen3.asp
http://www.cohen-levi.org/jewish_genes_and_genealogy/the_dna_chain_of_tradition.htm
http://www.simpletoremember.com/articles/a/cohanim-dna-connection/[62]
The DNA Evidence for Israelite Ancestry: The Jewish Priests and Cohanim DNA Study
The search for Israelite/Middle Eastern DNA among contemporary Jewish populations properly begins with Dr. Karl Skorecki’s landmark genetic study of the Cohanim, the priests of the Jewish religion. The study came about based on the following story:
Dr. Skorecki, a Cohen of Eastern European descent (Ashkenazim), was attending synagogue one morning. During the service, a Cohen of Sephardic descent from North Africa was reading from the Hebrew bible. According to Jewish tradition, all Cohanim (plural of “Cohan” or “Cohen”) are direct descendants of Aaron, the brother of Moses, and serve important priestly functions within the Jewish religion. The line of the Cohanim is patrilineal, allegedly being passed from father to son without interruption from Aaron, for 3,300 years, or more than 100 generations. Dr. Skorecki wondered if this claim could actually be tested. Could he find scientific evidence to support the oral tradition of an ancient priestly lineage? Did he and the Sephardic Cohen possess a set of common genetic markers indicating they shared a common ancestor?
Dr. Skorecki, a nephrologist already involved in molecular genetic research, contacted Dr. Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona, a pioneer in Y chromosome research, and the Cohanim DNA study was born. Their findings clearly indicated that the Cohanim did indeed share a common ancestor. They discovered that a particular haplotype was found in 97 out of the 106 participants tested. This haplotype has come to be known as the “Cohen Modal Haplotype” or “CMH”. According to the study, calculations for dating the CMH yielded a time frame of 106 generations from the ancestral founder of the lineage – approximately 3,300 years ago (Thomas et al. 1998).
Not only did the genetic researchers corroborate the oral history of an ancient Jewish priestly caste, but they also confirmed the genetic link between both Sephardic and Ashkenazi populations, indicating that before the two populations separated, those who shared the CMH also shared common Israelite ancestry. Today, the CMH is considered not only the standard genetic signature of the priestly Cohanim, but also the yardstick by which all Jewish DNA is compared for determination of Israelite genetic ancestry. Thus, if a haplogroup is not shared by both Sephardim and Ashkenazim at a similar frequency, then it is generally not considered to be of Israelite origin.
Skorecki and Hammer reported that the CMH occurred within Y chromosome haplogroup J (Skorecki et al. 1997). We now know significantly more about haplogroup J than when these studies were originally published. Haplogroup J consists of an ancestral form (J*) and two subgroups – J1 and J2. Although you can have the CMH in either J1 or J2, it is the genetic signature in J1 that is considered the Jewish priestly signature.
What is not widely reported is that only 48% of Ashkenazi Cohanim and 58% of Sephardic Cohanim have the J1 Cohen Modal Haplotype (Skorecki et al. 1997). So nearly half of the Ashkenazi Cohanim results are in haplogroups other than J1. Overall, J1 constitutes 14.6% of the Ashkenazim results and 11.9% of the Sephardic results (Semino et al. 2004). Nor is Cohanim status dependent on a finding of haplogroup J1.
Additionally, many other haplogroups among the Ashkenazim, and among the Cohanim in particular, appear to be of Israelite/Middle Eastern origin. According to Behar (2003), the Cohanim possess an unusually high frequency of haplogroup J in general, reported to comprise nearly 87% of the total Cohanim results. Among the Sephardim, the frequency of 75% is also notably high (Behar 2003). Both groups have dramatically lower percentages of other haplogroups, including haplogroup E. Given the high frequency of haplogroup J among Ashkenazi Cohanim, it appears that J2 may be only slightly less common than J1, perhaps indicating multiple J lineages among the priestly Cohanim dating back to the ancient Israelite kingdom.
However, J1 is the only haplogroup that researchers consider “Semitic” in origin because it is restricted almost completely to Middle Eastern populations, with a very low frequency in Italy and Greece as well (Semino et al. 2004). The group’s origins are thought to be in the southern Levant. Its presence among contemporary Sephardic and Ashkenazi populations indicates the preservation of Israelite Semitic ancestry, despite their long settlement in Europe and North Africa. Further, the CMH is considered the putative ancestral haplotype of haplogroup J1 (Di Giacomo et al. 2004).
Table 1 compares the Jewish J1 CMH to the J1 modal haplotypes of other Middle Eastern populations:
Table 1
Modal Haplotypes* in J1 Populations
J1
GROUPS
D
Y
S
0
1
9
D
Y
S
3
8
8
D
Y
S
3
9
0
D
Y
S
3
9
1
D
Y
S
3
9
2
D
Y
S
3
9
3
CMH
14
16
23
10
11
12
Bedouin
14
15
23
10
11
13
Palestinian
14
17
22
11
11
13
*6-Locus Haplotype.
Researchers believe that marker 388=17 is linked with the later expansion of Arabian tribes in the southern Levant and northern Africa (Di Giacomo et al. 2004). There were two migrations of J1, the first occurring in the Neolithic period, spreading J1 to Ethiopia and Europe (Semino et al. 2004). A second wave of J1 occurred in the 7th century, spread by Arab expansion from the southern Levant into North Africa. This secondary migration is also distinguished by a mutational event at marker YCAII—YCAIIa=22 and YCAIIb=22 (Semino et al. 2004).
The Cohanim study was widely misinterpreted by the public as indicating that all Jews were in haplogroup J and had the CMH. Furthermore, many non-Jews in haplogroup J mistakenly believed that they must have some Jewish ancestry hidden in their past to explain their DNA results. As it turned out, most non-Jews were in subgroup J2 rather than J1 (Semino et al. 2004). Interestingly, Jews were later found to have as much J2 ancestry as J1.
The misinterpretation of the Cohanim results was damaging in some ways to the wider understanding of Jewish genetic ancestry. For example, one widely published media quote went like this: “This genetic research has clearly refuted the once-current libel that Ashkenazi Jews are not related to the ancient Hebrews, but are descendants of the Kuzar (sic) tribe – a pre-10th century Turko-Asian empire which reportedly converted en masse to Judaism.” Further, it was claimed that “[r]esearchers compared the DNA signature of the Ashkenazi Jews against those of Turkish-derived people, and found no correspondence” (Kleinman 1999).
However, it would soon become very clear that Jewish DNA was much more complicated than was presented by the media in their reporting of the Cohanim data. And Jewish Khazarian ancestry would come to the public’s attention yet again when another DNA study was conducted, this time on the Jewish priestly group known as the Levites.[63]
http://www.innernet.org.il/editgraf/cohen.jpg
http://www.innernet.org.il/sitegrafix/cleardot.gifby Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman
Reprinted with permission from Jewish Action, the magazine of the Orthodox Union. For more info, see: Cohen-Levi.org.
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Dr. Karl Skorecki was attending synagogue services one morning. The Torah was removed from the ark and a Cohen was called up for the first aliyah. The Cohen summoned that particular morning was a visitor: a Sephardic Jew whose parents were from Morocco. Dr. Skorecki also has a tradition of being a Cohen, though of Ashkenazic background: His parents were born in Eastern Europe. He looked at the Sephardic Cohen's physical features and considered his own. They were significantly different in stature, skin coloration and hair and eye color.
A nephrologist and a top-level researcher at the University of Toronto and at the Rambam-Technion Medical Center in Haifa, Dr. Skorecki was involved in the breakthroughs in molecular genetics which are revolutionizing medicine and the study of the life-sciences. He was also aware of the newly developing application of DNA analysis to the study of history and population diversity.
Dr. Skorecki considered, "According to tradition, this Sephardi and I are both direct descendants of one man, Aaron the Cohen. Could this line have been maintained since Sinai and throughout the long exile of the Jewish people?"
As a scientist, he wondered, could such a claim be tested? He considered a hypothesis: If all Cohanim are descendants of one man, they should have a common set of genetic markers, a common haplotype -- that of their common ancestor. In this case, Aaron the Cohen.
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BUILDING THE HYPOTHESIS
A genetic marker is a variation in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA, known as a mutation. Mutations which occur within genes -- a part of the DNA which codes for a protein usually cause a malfunction or disease, and is lost due to selection in succeeding generations. However, mutations found in so-called "non-coding regions" of the DNA tend to persist.
Since the (male) Y chromosome consists almost entirely of non-coding DNA, it would tend to accumulate mutations. Since it is passed from father to son without recombination, the genetic information on a Y chromosome of a man living today is basically the same as that of his ancient male ancestors, except for the rare mutations that occur along the hereditary line. A combination of these neutral mutations, known as a haplotype, can serve as a genetic signature of a man's male ancestry. Maternal genealogies are also being studied by means of the m-DNA (mitrocondrial DNA), which is inherited only from the mother.
Dr. Skorecki then made contact with Professor Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona, a leading researcher in molecular genetics and a pioneer in Y chromosome research. Professor Hammer uses DNA analysis to study the history of populations, their origins and migrations. His previous research included work on the origins of the Native American Indians and the development of the Japanese people.
A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis. If there is a common ancestor, the Cohanim should have common genetic markers at a higher frequency than the general Jewish population.
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ASTONISHING RESULTS
In the first study, as reported in the prestigious British science journal, "Nature" (January 2, 1997), 188 Jewish males were asked to contribute some cheek cells from which their DNA was extracted for study. Participants from Israel, England and North America were asked to specify whether they were a Cohen, Levi or Israelite, and to identify their family background.
The results of the analysis of the Y chromosome markers of the Cohanim and non-Cohanim were indeed significant. A particular marker (YAP-), was detected in 98.5 percent of the Cohanim, and in a significantly lower percentage of non-Cohanim.
In a second study, Dr. Skorecki and associates gathered more DNA samples and expanded their selection of Y chromosome markers. Solidifying their hypothesis of the common ancestor of Cohanim, they found that a particular array of six chromosomal markers were found in 97 of the 106 Cohanim tested. This collection of markers has come to be known as the Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH) -- the standard genetic signature of the Jewish priestly family. The chances of these findings happening at random is greater than one in 10,000.
The finding of a common set of genetic markers in both Ashkenazic and Sephardic Cohanim worldwide clearly indicates an origin pre-dating the separate development of the two communities around 1000 CE. Date calculation based on the variation of the mutations among Cohanim today yields a time frame of 106 generations from the ancestral founder of the line, some 3,300 years, the approximate time of the exodus from Egypt, the lifetime of Aaron the Cohen.
http://www.innernet.org.il/../sitegraf/barcolor.gif
TRIBAL DESCENT
Professor Hammer was recently in Israel for the Jewish Genome Conference. He confirmed that his findings are consistent: over 80 percent of self-identified Cohanim have a common set of markers. The finding that less than one-third of the non-Cohen Jews who were tested possess these markers is not surprising to the geneticists. "Jewishness" is not defined genetically. Other Y chromosomes can enter the Jewish gene pool through conversion or through a non-Jewish father. Jewish status is determined by the mother. Tribe membership follows the father's family line.
Calculations based on the high rate of genetic similarity of today's Cohanim resulted in the highest "paternity-certainty" rate ever recorded in population genetics studies -- a scientific testimony to family faithfulness.
Wider genetic studies of diverse present-day Jewish communities show a remarkable genetic cohesiveness. Jews from Iran, Iraq, Yemen, North Africa and European Ashkenazim all cluster together with other Semitic groups, with their origin in the Middle East. A common geographical origin can be seen for all mainstream Jewish groups studied.
This genetic research has clearly refuted the once-current libel that Ashkenazic Jews are not related to the ancient Hebrews, but are descendants of the Kuzar tribe -- a pre-10th century Turko-Asian empire which reportedly converted en masse to Judaism. Researchers compared the DNA signature of the Ashkenazic Jews against those of Turkish-derived people, and found no correspondence.
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LEVITE NUMBERS
In their second published paper in "Nature" (July 9,1998), the researchers included an unexpected finding.
Those Jews in the study who identified themselves as Levites did not show a common set of markers as did the Cohanim. The Levites clustered in three groupings, one of them the CMH. According to tradition, they should also show a genetic signature from a common patrilineal ancestor.
It is interesting to note that the tribe of Levi has a history of a lack of quantity. The census in the Biblical Book of Numbers shows Levi to be the smallest of the tribes. After the Babylonian exile, the Levites failed to return en masse to Jerusalem, though urged by Ezra the Scribe to do so. (They were therefore fined by losing their exclusive rights to tithes.) Though statistically, the Levites should be more numerous than Cohanim, in synagogues today it is not unusual to have a minyan with a surplus of Cohanim, yet not one Levi. Researchers are now focusing efforts on the study of the genetic make-up of Levites to learn more about their history in the Diaspora.
Using the CMH as a DNA signature of the ancient Hebrews, researchers are pursuing a hunt for Jewish genes around the world. The search for lost tribes, whether the Biblical Ten Lost Tribes which were uprooted from the land of Israel by the Assyrians, or other would-be Jews, Hebrews or "chosen peoples," is not new. Using the genetic markers of the Cohanim as a yardstick, these genetic archaeologists are using DNA research to discover historical links to the Jewish people.
Many individual Cohanim and others have approached the researchers to be tested. The researchers' policy is that the research is not a test of individuals, but an examination of the extended family. Having the CMH is not proof of one's being a Cohen. At present, there are no ramifications [in Jewish law] of this discovery. No one is certified nor disqualified because of his Y chromosome markers.
The research, which began with an idea in synagogue, has shown a clear genetic relationship amongst Cohanim and their direct lineage from a common ancestor. The research findings support the Torah statements that the line of Aaron will last throughout history... [64]
July 9, 2005
Francis Godlove the Elder: Summary and Hypothesis
Replies: 0
Francis Godlove the Elder: Summary and Hypothesis
James Funkhouser (View posts)
Posted: 9 Jul 2005 11:35AM
Classification: Query
Surnames:
Francis Godlove (1744?-1835) of Hardy and Hampshire Counties, (West) Virginia
The name of Francis Godlove is spelled more than a dozen ways in Hardy and Hampshire records. In the Hardy County tax lists he is Francis Godlove. In census records and most Hampshire county tax lists the name is “Cutloaf.†But in the Hebron Church register, the only place where the name was recorded by German speakers, he was Franz (or Franciskus) Gottlob. In the only autograph signature I have found for Francis, on his consent to Savilla’s marriage, he signed as “Francis Gotlob.†His wife's name was Maria, and in the 1840 census for Hardy County there was a Mary Ann Godlove, in her seventies, apparently Francis' widow.
Francis lived on the Hardy-Hampshire County line at the head of Oldaker's Run, Dutch Hollow, on 100 acres on the south side of North River Mountain, land he bought in 1814 from Stephen Mayhall. On December 6, 1816 Francis entered a claim for a land patent from the Commonwealth of Virginia. This land, 78 acres on the drains of North River and the north side of Bucks Hill, adjoining his 100-acre tract, was surveyed on June 8, 1818 and patented August 17, 1820 to “Francis Godlop.â€
The younger Francis Godlove administered the estate of his father. In the bond, the deceased was called Francis Godlove and the administrator was Francis Godlove Junior. He posted his bond on April 21, 1835 with Henry Detewick [Didawick] as suretor.
Francis Godlove/Franz Gottlob first appeared in Hardy Co. tax lists in 1795. He is listed in the Hardy County personal property tax lists from 1795 through 1805 and is in Hampshire 1806-1825. Probably after that date he was exempt from taxes because of his age, and, perhaps his poverty. Excluding his 178 acres of mountain land, his personal property was appraised in 1835 at $27.71. In 1821 he was listed as on the delinquent tax list, (for personal property--horses, cattle, etc.), but the assessor reported he could find no taxable property.
In 1793 and 1794, in Shenandoah County, Frederick Heiskell of Edinburg paid the personal property tax for [no first name] Gutlope/Gudlope. These might be references to Francis Godlove. On April 2, 1790, a Francis Cutliff was in Augusta County. Sarah, daughter of Franz and Maria Gottlob, was born November 5, 1789 and baptized March 14, 1790 at Altalaha Lutheran Church, Rehrersburg, Tulpehocken Township, Berks Co., Pennsylvania. These suggest a man on the move.
I want more evidence, but it looks like Francis Godlove/Franz Gottlob of Hardy and Hampshire Counties was the Johan Franz Gottlob who deserted in July 1783 from Mallet's Company of the Linsing Regiment of Hessian Grenadiers shortly before they left New York after the American War for Independence. This Franz Gottlob was born in Werneck, principality of Würzburg (now in Bavaria). The military records give his year of birth as variously 1751-1753. An 1805 court record says Francis of Hampshire County he was 61 at that time, so born 1744.
Volunteers plant parkway rain garden in Elgin
By Denise Moran For The Courier-News September 15, 2012 3:56PM
Father and daughter Jeff Goodlove and Jillian Goodlove of Elgin volunteered to help plant the rain garden on Saturday. Jillian was also contracted to do a portion of the design work for the rain garden.
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Updated: September 16, 2012 2:58AM
ELGIN — Instead of sending flowers, one of the requests by the family of Elgin resident Stacey Reynolds, who died on July 9, 2012, was for family and friends to plant something or donate to the Elgin Community Garden Network, Living Lands and Water, or Million Tree Project.
Reynolds would have appreciated that her home at 342 Perry Street was planted with a parkway rain garden on Saturday morning.
“It’s a privilege to be here today to honor Stacey and see her dreams come true,” said Elgin resident Wende Lindmark.
“It’s a wonderful way to remember someone who loved nature,” said April Anderson, naturalist at Hawthorne Hill Nature Center in Elgin.
Reynolds’s husband, Tom Lesiewicz, and their children live at the bungalow-style home that was recognized by the Elgin Heritage Commission as the site of the 1893 Everett Baptist Mission.
“The building was partially damaged by a tornado during the 1920s and converted into a house in 1925,” Lesiewicz said. “Our family has lived here since 2003. Stacey ran a drive to have historic homes plaqued. There are lots of Sears homes in the SWAN (Southwest Area) Neighborhood.”
A total of 32 rain gardens will be planted in Elgin’s SWAN Neighborhood as part of the Lord Street Combined Sewer Overflow Green Infrastructure Project.
“Homeowners will maintain the rain gardens,” said Aaron Cosentino, sustainability coordinator with the City of Elgin. “We conducted 40 site locations from March through June. To qualify, the parkway must be a certain width with no mature trees or utilities. Since it is late in the planting season, the home at 342 Perry Street was bid as a separate project.”
According to Rob Linke with the engineering firm of Trotter & Associates in St. Charles, the total cost of the citywide project is $751,000. It is being funded by a grant of $634,000 from the Environmental Protection Agency and $117,000 from the City of Elgin.
The EPA is funding 84 percent of the project, while the city is funding 16 percent.
Linke said more rain gardens will be planted starting in the spring. The anticipated project completion date is fall, 2014.
The rain garden installed on Saturday is not the first one in Elgin. Anderson said there is a rain garden along Spartan Drive on the Elgin Community College campus.
“Rain gardens capture stormwater and sewer runoff and keep pollutants on site and out of the Fox River,” Cosentino said. “Native plants with deep roots can filter rainwater. Turf grass has shallow roots.”
The engineered soil mix of a rain garden can have one and a half feet of plain mulch and three feet of sandy soil atop one and a half feet of gravel. Curb cuts are made so that rainwater on the streets can be directed over stone inflows and into the rain garden.
A total of 435 native plants were planted in the rain garden on Saturday with one plant per square foot.
Native plants include: nodding wild onion, New England aster, marsh milkweed, butterfly weed, coneflower, prairie blazing star, wild bergamot, switch grass, mountain mint, black-eyed Susan, bluestem, goldenrod, spiderwort, and vervain.
Jeff Goodlove of Elgin said he put in his own rain garden with mostly native plants about 10 years ago. His daughter, Jillian Goodlove, was contracted to do a portion of the design work of the rain garden at 342 Perry Street.
“Native plants have a deep root system,” Jillian said. “They are tolerant of both drought and heavy moisture. Native plant roots are good for rain gardens because they provide channels to underlying soils.”
Retired Elgin city planner Tom Armstrong, who volunteered to help plant the rain garden on Saturday, said that “the roots of some native plants can go down 15 feet.”
Volunteers install a parkway rain garden at 342 Perry Street in Elgin[65]
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] http://www.livescience.com/16318-photos-early-christian-rome-catacombs-artifacts.html
[3] http://www.freewebs.com/bubadutep75/
[4] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[5] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[6] The Dark Ages, History International, 3-4-2007
[7] www.wikipedia.org
[8] 1 E.L. Sukenik, The Ancient Synagogue of Beth-Alpha, (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1932)
2 The incense shovel was a universally recognized Jewish symbol in the Byzantine era. It disappeared from the Jewish iconographic lexicon because the Jews stopped using incense when the Christians started.
3 The Aramaic inscription at the front door was damaged. It says that the mosaic was made “during the … year of the reign of the emperor Justinus”. The exact year is missing. The reference is probably to the emperor Justin I (adopted uncle and immediate predecessor of Justinian the Great) who ruled from 518-527 C.E. and whose coins were found on the site. It is of course possible that the building was older than the mosaic floor.
4 The earliest possible “candidate” was a major quake that hit the country on July 9, 551. It was the earthquake that finally destroyed Petra. More likely was an earthquake of lesser magnitude but located closer to the site which did great damage to the Jordan Valley in 659/660.
5 We have not entered into a discussion of the artistic merits of this work of art. It is the writer’s opinion that this work, with its naive and primitive style, has a child-like immediacy and freshness that makes it one of the masterpieces of world art.
6 Thus the new JPS Tanakh. The King James translation puts a colon after the word “earth”, while the New American Bible (Catholic) and the Revised Standard Version (Protestant) translations both use a semi-colon instead of period at this point.
7 From a Geniza manuscript of JT Avoda Zarah
8 In the Pseudo-Jonathan Targum to Lev. 26:1
9 From a Geniza fragment of Midrash Deut. Rabba) These quotations are cited by Michael Klein, “Palestinian Targum and Synagogue Mosaics,” Jerusalem, Immanuel 11 (1980)
10 The matter is discussed in BT Shabbat, 156a
11 At Beth Alpha the signs and the seasons both progress counter-clockwise, although they are misaligned. The Hammat Tiberias zodiac shows both signs and seasons also rotating counter-clockwise, and in correct alignment with each other. At Na’aran the seasons run counter-clockwise, as above, but the signs go clockwise!
12 That position was argued by Prof. Avi-Yonah, among many others, and by the excavator of Hammat Tiberias. See Moshe Dothan, Hammath Tiberias, (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1983). Hammat Tiberias is the only mosaic we know where the signs and seasons are correctly aligned, which may have influenced the excavator’s judgment as to its purpose
13 The cataloging of all of these finds and the interpretation of what they might mean constitute the magnum opus of Erwin Goodenough (1893-1965), Professor of Religion at Yale and one of the greatest scholars of religion America ever produced. Goodenough’s 13 volume study, E.R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, (New York: Pantheon, 1958), form the core text for the study of this subject, Everyone who has subsequently dealt with the subject is in his debt. The book has been re-issued in a 1-volume paperback, abridged and edited by Jacob Neusner (Princeton: Bollingen Series, 1988)
[9] The Ten lost Tribes, A World History, by Zvi-Dor Benite, page 92.
[10] The cataloging of all of these finds and the interpretation of what they might mean constitute the magnum opus of Erwin Goodenough (1893-1965), Professor of Religion at Yale and one of the greatest scholars of religion America ever produced. Goodenough’s 13 volume study, E.R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, (New York: Pantheon, 1958), form the core text for the study of this subject, Everyone who has subsequently dealt with the subject is in his debt. The book has been re-issued in a 1-volume paperback, abridged and edited by Jacob Neusner (Princeton: Bollingen Series, 1988)
[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
[12] Wikipedia
[13] References[edit source | edit]
1. ^ Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 154.
2. ^ At the time, the area was in the Duchy of Berg.
3. ^ Antonia Fraser "The Wives of Henry VIII", page298
4. ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. XV, no. 22
5. ^ Schofield, p. 239.
6. ^ Boutell, Charles (1863), A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular, London: Winsor & Newton, p. 278
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Weir, Alison: The Six Wives of Henry VIII; Grove Press, 2000; page 388.
8. ^ Schofield, p. 240.
9. ^ Strype, John, Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 1 part 2, Oxford, (1822), 450-463.
10. ^ Strype, John, ed., Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 1, part. 2, Oxford (1822), p.461
11. ^ http://lunettesrouges.blog.lemonde.fr/2006/11/29/holbein-en-angleterre/.
12. ^ Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasure of Royal Scandals, p.77. Penguin Books, New York. ISBN 0-7394-2025-9.
13. ^ John Roche Dasent, Acts of the Privy Council, vol. 2 (1890), pp.82-83, 471-472: Ellis, Henry, 'Extracts from the Proceedings of the Privy Council', in Archaeologia or, Miscellaneous tracts relating to Antiquity, vol. 18, Society of Antiquaries, (1817) pp.131-132.
14. ^ Antonia Fraser, The Wives of Henry VIII, p.412
15. ^ Historical Novels site review: [1]; Faber site: Retrieved 2 April 2012.
[14] References[edit source | edit]
16. ^ Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 154.
17. ^ At the time, the area was in the Duchy of Berg.
18. ^ Antonia Fraser "The Wives of Henry VIII", page298
19. ^ Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, vol. XV, no. 22
20. ^ Schofield, p. 239.
21. ^ Boutell, Charles (1863), A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular, London: Winsor & Newton, p. 278
22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Weir, Alison: The Six Wives of Henry VIII; Grove Press, 2000; page 388.
23. ^ Schofield, p. 240.
24. ^ Strype, John, Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 1 part 2, Oxford, (1822), 450-463.
25. ^ Strype, John, ed., Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 1, part. 2, Oxford (1822), p.461
26. ^ http://lunettesrouges.blog.lemonde.fr/2006/11/29/holbein-en-angleterre/.
27. ^ Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasure of Royal Scandals, p.77. Penguin Books, New York. ISBN 0-7394-2025-9.
28. ^ John Roche Dasent, Acts of the Privy Council, vol. 2 (1890), pp.82-83, 471-472: Ellis, Henry, 'Extracts from the Proceedings of the Privy Council', in Archaeologia or, Miscellaneous tracts relating to Antiquity, vol. 18, Society of Antiquaries, (1817) pp.131-132.
29. ^ Antonia Fraser, The Wives of Henry VIII, p.412
30. ^ Historical Novels site review: [1]; Faber site: Retrieved 2 April 2012.
[15] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[16] References[edit]
1. ^ Higgins, Charlotte (16 January 2006). "Is this the true face of Lady Jane?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
2. ^ Williamson, David (2010). Kings & Queens. National Portrait Gallery Publications. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-85514-432-3
3. ^ a b Plowden, Alison (23 September 2004). "Grey, Lady Jane (1534–1554), noblewoman and claimant to the English throne". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-861362-8.
4. ^ Ives 2009, p. 2
5. ^ Ascham 1863, p. 213
6. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 36, 299
7. ^ de Lisle 2008, pp. 5–8
8. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 51, 65
9. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 63–67
10. ^ Ives 2009, p. 51
11. ^ Ives 2009, p. 53
12. ^ Ives 2009, p. 52
13. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 42–45
14. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 45–47
15. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 47–49
16. ^ Ives 2009, p. 47
17. ^ Loades 1996, pp. 238–239
18. ^ Loades 1996, p. 179
19. ^ de Lisle 2009, pp. 93, 304; Ives 2009, p. 321.
20. ^ Ives 2009, p. 137
21. ^ a b Alford 2002, pp. 171–172
22. ^ Ives 2009, p. 35
23. ^ Loades 1996, p. 240
24. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 145, 165–166
25. ^ Dale Hoak: "Edward VI (1537–1553)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, online edn. Jan 2008, Retrieved 2010-04-04 (subscription required)
26. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 251–252, 334; Bellamy 1979, p. 54
27. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 267, 268
28. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 288–270
29. ^ Ives 2009, pp. 274–275
30. ^ a b Anonymous (1997) [1850], "1554, The Execution of Lady Jane Grey and Lord Guildford Dudley", in Nichols, John Gough, Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, The Camden Society; Marilee Hanson
31. ^ Cokayne, George (1982). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant 2. Gloucester: A. Sutton. p. 421. ISBN 0904387828.
32. ^ Ives 2009, p. 38
33. ^ Pollard, Albert J. (1911). The History of England. London: Longmans, Green. p. 111.
Bibliography[edit]
•Alford, Stephen (2002), Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-03971-0
•Ascham, Roger. Mayor, John E. B., ed. The Scholemaster (1863 ed.). London: Bell and Daldy. OCLC 251212421.
•Bellamy, John (1979), The Tudor Law of Treason, Toronto: Routlegde, Kegan & Paul, ISBN 0-7100-8729-2
•de Lisle, Leanda (2009). The Sisters Who Would Be Queen: Mary, Katherine and Lady Jane Grey. A Tudor Tragedy. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-49135-0.
•Ives, Eric (2009). Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery. Malden MA; Oxford UK: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-9413-6.
Loades, David (1996), John Dudley Duke of Northumberland 1504–1553, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-820193-1
[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England
[18] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[19] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[20] http://penningtons.tripod.com/jeptha.htm
[21] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[22] 5 Weems' Life of Washington, p. 29.
[23] 6 Hall's Romance of Western History, Chap. VII, p. 121.
[24] The Real George Washington, NTGEO, 11/19/2008.
[25] http://www.militaryartprints.com/products.asp?cat=54
[26] http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwtime.html
[27] http://www.thelittlelist.net/bactoblu.htm
[28]http://genealogytrails.com/wva/jefferson/revwar_bios.html
[29] http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trt024.html
Library of Congress Website
[30] Secret Brotherhood of Freemasons, HISTI, 2/14/2001
[31] Secret Brotherhood of Freemasons, HISTI, 2/14/2001
[32] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail Third Edition by Charles Bahne, page 8.
[33] Journal kept by the Distinguished Hessian Field Jaeger Corps during the Campaigns of the Royal Army of Great Britain in North America, Translated by Bruce E. Burgoyne 1986
[34] http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/ifetch2?/u1/textindices/C/CUTLIP+1998+1837576+F
[35] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France
[36] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France
[37] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/harrbios/battealHarr3466VA.htm
[38] http://matsonfamily.net/WelchAncestry/family_vance.htm
[39] http://matsonfamily.net/WelchAncestry/family_vance.htm
[40]
[41] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor
[42] http://www.geni.com/people/Zachary-S-Taylor-12th-President-of-the-USA/6000000002143404336
[43] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[44] http://www.lastateparks.com/porthud/pthudson.htm
[45] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012
[46] In 1861 an infantry private was paid $13 per month. A Civil War colonel drew $95 per month and a brigadier general $124.
(Civil War Handbook by William H. Price, page 16.
[47] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[48] (State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.)
[49] (State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.)
[50] http://home.comcast.net/~troygoss/millbk3.html)
[51] Proposed Descendants of William SMythe
[52] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1763.
[53] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.
[54] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1776
[55] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1778.
[56] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/16/laszlo-csatary-nazi-war-criminal-hungary_n_1676702.html
[57] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1779.
[58] References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to: a b c "TEXT OF SCOTLAND YARD'S REPORT ON JULY 9 INTRUSION INTO BUCKINGHAM PALACE", The New York Times, July 22, 1982
2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Whitelaw launches Palace inquiry", Martin Linton and Martin Wainwright, The Guardian, July 13, 1982
3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Michael Fagan: 'Her nightie was one of those Liberty prints, down to her knees'", Emily Dugan, The Independent on Sunday, 19 February 2012 Retrieved 4 January 2014.
4. Jump up ^ (Dennis J, Baker, Glanville Williams: Textbook of Criminal Law, London, 2012, Sweet & Maxwell at p. 1256)
5. Jump up ^ "Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (Designated Sites under Section 128) Order 2007". Statutelaw.gov.uk. 2011-07-04. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
6. Jump up ^ "God Save the Queen, Fast", Spencer Davidson, Time, July 26, 1982, page 33
7. Jump up ^ "Michael Fagan: 'Her nightie was one of those Liberty prints, down to her knees'". The Independent. Retrieved 2014-11-1. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
8. Jump up ^ "God Save The Queen", Michael Fagan & the Bollock Brothers, 1983
9. Jump up ^ The Antics Roadshow (Channel 4, August 2011)
10. Jump up ^ "Emma Thompson to play the Queen in new drama recreating famous Buckingham Palace intruder", Paul Revoir, The Daily Mail, 24 February 2012
11. Jump up ^ "Walking the Dogs" - Sky Arts 1 Comedy Drama - British Comedy Guide, 31 May 2012
12. Jump up ^ "Man arrested in Buckingham Palace 'after scaling fence'", BBC News, 7 September 2012
13. Jump up ^ "Paintings of the Palace intruder: Man armed with a knife who 'wanted to see the Queen' painted pictures of members of the Royal Family", Anna Edwards, The Daily Mail, 16 October 2013
14. Jump up ^ "Palace benefits protester jailed", Press Association, MSN News UK, 15 January 2014
External links[edit]
•"TEXT OF SCOTLAND YARD'S REPORT ON JULY 9 INTRUSION INTO BUCKINGHAM PALACE", The New York Times, July 22, 1982
[59] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fagan_incident
[60] http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts-cohen-levite.html
[61] http://www.aish.com/ci/sam/48936742.html
[62] http://voices.yahoo.com/cohen-gene-y-chromosomal-aaron-4744178.html
[63] http://www.jogg.info/11/coffman.htm
[64] http://www.innernet.org.il/article.php?aid=95
[65] © 2011 Sun-Times Media, LLC. All rights reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed without permission. For more information about reprints and permissions, visit www.suntimesreprints.com. To order a reprint of this article, click here.
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