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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004
Birthdays on July 18….
John M. Bacon
Jason E. Banks
Austin C. Edaburn
Nancy J. Godlove Henshaw
Nettie I. Goodlove Gray
Richard S. Graham
Marie Louise
Elda M. Oltmanns French
Ezekiel Smith
John Smith
Willard
July 18, 586: Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah's reign. The siege lasts until July 18, 586 BCE.[1]
July 18, 64: During the reign of Emperor Nero, the Great Fire begins in Rome. After the fire, Nero avoided the initial inclination to blame the blaze on the Jews. Instead, he targeted the nascent Christian sect which had recently become active in the city. Possibly Nero who saw himself as a god felt personally threatened by Christianity which also worshipped a Divinity who had come to earth in human form.[2]
Autumn, 64 AD : Nero assaults and loots the temples of Rome.[3]
64 AD: Rome burns. It is said that Nero started the fire and blames the renegade sect of Jews called “Christians”. The early Christians were being very actively persecuted by the Romans.[4]
The Romans sent to this province, Governors who were ill equipped to rule in a very challenging part of the world…. Roman rule was not only corrupt, it was bankrupt. The central bank was in Jerusalem in the Holy Temple. Money’s collected from Jews around the world were kept here where Jews prayed and where the ground was considered so Holy that non-Jews could be sentenced to death if they entered the Holy courts.[5]
c. 64 A.D.
100_1475
Fragments of a stone coffin smashed around 64 A.D. by Jewish rebels who occupied Herodium and loathed the dead king as a puppet of Rome.[6]
64-66 CE: Matthias, son of Theophilus, is high priest.[7]
64-67 CE: Martyrdoms of Peter and Paul at Rome. Peter, Paul, and many of the apostles were executed during the time of Nero. Mark’s Gospel is written. Judas is not a villain in Mark’s Gospel.[8]
65 CE: The New Testament gives no date or year for Jesus’ birth. The earliest gospel – St. Mark’s, written about 65 CE – begins with the baptism of an adult Jesus. This suggests that the earliest Christians lacked interest in or knowledge of Jesus’ birthdate.[9]
4 BCE-65 CE: The enclosure of the ten tribes as specifically a “nation.” In Esdras’s presentation, they were migrants, wandering, homeless. The coming into being of the world as shared home, as oikoumene, enabled the positioning of the a-oikos (Diogenes’ expression for “homeless”) in a specific location. Seneca the Younger (c. 4BCE-65 CE) observed that his world “was for the most part populated by people who were displaced,” in which “whole tribes and nations [had] changed their abodes.”[10]
65 A.D.: Jewish rule on eve of Roman conquest, 50,000.[11]
July 18, 1567: The lords of the secret council suggest to Mary the disavowal of her marriage with Bothwell. She refuses, being unable to consent to bastardize the infant of which she was then pregnant.* [12][13]
July 18, 1685: John Smith (b. July 18, 1685 / d. 1777).[14]
July 18, 1728:
Marie Louise
Madame Troisième
Madame Troisième, Marie Louise de France, (1728-1733).jpg
July 18 1728-
February 19 1733
Died at the age of four
[15]
July 18, 1746: Escorted by the MacKinnons, Charles now made his way towards Borrodaile, the seat of Angus MacDonald. Here, as the aid of his two faithful friends was now superfluous, and as it was unwise to accumulate in large numbers lest the attention of the enemy be attracted, the Prince bade them farewell, and placed himself unreservedly in the hands of his new protector. On the very next day, July 18th, however, the news of the capture of MacKinnon reached him, and Donald Cameron of Glenpean removed him from Borrodaile for greater secutity and took him to the braes of Glenmoriston and Strathglass, a few miles further eastward, where the famous “Seven men of Glenoriston,” Patrick Grant, John and Alexander Macdonell, Alexander, Donald and Hugh Chisholm, and Grigor Macgregor, preserved him in an inaccessible cave for three weeks till he joined Cameron of Lochiel and MacPherson of Clunyu at the “Cage” on Mount Benalder in the wilds of Badenoch; and with them, young Clanranald, John Roy Stuart, other chieftains, and one hundred and seven common men, embarked in Loch Nanuagh on board a French man-of-war which, with another, was sent expressly for his deliverance.
The chief of MacKinnon was taken prisoner in MacKonald of Morar’s house the day after parting with Charles. For a year he was a prisoner at Tilbury Fort and in the Tower of London, and was one among eighty principal Highlanders who had been attainted and were excepted from the act of indemnity passed in June 1747.
Thursday July 18, 1754
The Governor's Council of the Virginia colony voted to award Washington's Virginia Regiment and the South Carolina Independent Company 300 pistols (coinage) "as a reward for their bravery in the recent engagement with the French" at Fort Necessity. [16]
George Washington to his mother, Mary Ball Washington, [July 18], 1755
[Fort Cumberland, July 18, 1755.]
Honour'd Mad'm: As I doubt not but you have heard of our defeat, and perhaps have it represented in a worse light (if possible) than it deserves; I have taken this earliest opportunity to give you some acct. of the Engagement, as it happen'd within 7 miles of the French Fort, on Wednesday the (July) 9th. Inst.
We March'd on to that place with't any considerable loss, having only now and then a stragler pick'd up by the French Scoutg. Ind'nd. When we came there, we were attack'd by a Body of French and Indns. whose number, (I am certain) did not exceed 300 Men; our's consisted of abt. 1,300 well arm'd Troops; chiefly of the English Soldiers, who were struck with such a panick, that they behav'd with more cowardice than it is possible to conceive; The Officers behav'd Gallantly in order to encourage their Men, for which they suffer'd greatly; there being near 60 kill'd and wounded; a large proportion out of the number we had! The Virginia Troops shew'd a good deal of Bravery, and were near all kill'd; for I believe out of 3 Companys that were there, there is scarce 30 Men left alive; Capt. Peyrouny and all his Officer's down to a Corporal was kill'd; Capt. Polson shar'd near as hard a Fate; for only one of his was left: In short the dastardly behaviour of those they call regular's expos'd all others that were inclin'd to do their duty to almost certain death; and at last, in dispight of all the efforts of the Officer's to the Contrary, they broke and run as Sheep pursued by dogs; and it was impossible to rally them.
The Genl. was wounded; of w'ch he died 3 Days after; Sir Peter Halket was kill'd in the Field where died many other brave Officer's; I luckily escap'd with't a wound, tho' I had four Bullets through my Coat, and two Horses shot under me; Captns. Orme and Morris two of the Genls. Aids de Camp, were wounded early in the Engagem't. which render'd the duty hard upon me, as I was the only person then left to distribute the Genl's. Orders which I was scarcely able to do, as I was not half recover'd from a violent illness, that confin'd me to my Bed, and a Waggon, for above 10 Days; I am still in a weak and Feeble cond'n; which induces me to halt here, 2 or 3 Days in hopes of recov'g. a little Strength, to enable me to proceed homewards; from whence, I fear I shall not be able to stir till towards Sept., so that I shall not have the pleasure of seeing you till then, unless it be in Fairfax; please to give my love to Mr. Lewis and my Sister,42 and Compts. to Mr. Jackson43 and all other Fds. that enquire after me. I am, Hon'd Madam Yr. most dutiful Son
[Note 42: Fielding Lewis, who married Elizabeth (Betty) Washington.]
[Note 43: Probably Robert Jackson, one of the witnesses to Augustine Washington's will.]
P.S. You may acqt. Priscilla Mullican that her Son Charles is very well, hav'g only rec'd a slight w'd in his Foot, w'ch will be cur'd with't detrimt. to him, in a very small time.
We had abt. 300 Men kill'd and as many, and more, wounded. [17]
July 18, 1776:
[18]
Old State House, Boston
Below the clock of the Old State House in Boston is the balcony from which the royal governors made their official proclamations to the colony. The tables were turned, however on July 18, 1776, when Col. Thomas Crafts stood here and read the Declaration of Independence, a copy of which had just arrived from Philadelphia. That night jubilant citizens staged a bonfire in this square. Consigned to the flames were flagtsw and other reminders of British rule, including the original lion and unicorn, the royal symblols of Great Britain, from atop the Old State House itself. [19]
July 18, 1782:
• DePeyster, writing from Detroit, July 18, 1782, to Thomas Brown, Super-
• intendent of Indian Affairs, claims "a complete victory over 600 of the
• enemy." "Col. Crawford, who commanded, was taken in the pursuit.
• and put to death by the Delawares, notwithstanding every means had been
• tried by an Indian officer present to save his life. De Peyster regrets
• the revival of "the old savage custom." [20]
DE PEYSTER TO THOMAS BROWN, StPERINTENDENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS.]
“DETROIT, July 18, 1782.
“Sir:— I am happy to inform you that the Indians from this quarter have g~ined a complete victory over six hundred of the enemy who had penetrated as far as Sandusky, with a view of destroying the Wyandots, men, women, and children, as they had done with ninety-six of the Christian Indians at Muskingum [Tuscarawas] a few weeks before.
“The affair of Sandusky happened on the 4th of June, w’ien the enemy left two hundred and fifty in the field; and it is believed that few of the remainder escaped to Wheeling.
“Their major, [John] McClelland, and most of the officers were killed in the action. Colonel Crawford, who commanded, was taken in the pursuit and put to death by the Delawares, notwithstanding every means had been tried by an Indian officer [Matthew Elliott] present, to save his life. This the Delawares declare they did in retaliation for the affair of Muskingum [the ‘Gnadenhuetten affair’].
“I am sorry that the imprudence of the enemy has been the means of reviving the old savage custom of putting their prisoners to death, which, with much pains and expense, we had weaned the Indians from, in this neighborhood. . . - A’T S. DE PEYSTEE.
“Trios. BROWN, Sup’t Indian Affairs.”.[21]
July 18, 1786: Ezekiel Smith (b. July 18, 1786 in Wilkes Co. GA). [22]
July 18, 1787: Jefferson collaborated with John Adams, US minister in London, to outline an anti-piracy treaty with Morocco. Their work culminated in a treaty that was ratified by Congress on July 18, 1787. Still in force today, it is the longest unbroken treaty relationship in U.S. history.[74] Busy in Paris, Jefferson did not return to the US for the 1787 Constitutional Convention.
He enjoyed the architecture, arts, and the salon culture of Paris. He often dined with many of the city's most prominent people, and stocked up on wines to take back to the US.[75] While in Paris, Jefferson corresponded with many people who had important roles in the imminent French Revolution. These included the Marquis de Lafayette, and the Comte de Mirabeau, a popular pamphleteer who repeated ideals that had been the basis for the American Revolution.[76] His observations of social tensions contributed to his anti-clericalism and strengthened his ideas about the separation of church and state.[citation needed]
Jefferson's eldest daughter Martha, known as Patsy, went with him to France in 1784. His two youngest daughters were in the care of friends in the United States.[66] To serve the household, Jefferson brought some of his slaves, including James Hemings, who trained as a French chef for his master's service.
Jefferson's youngest daughter Lucy died of whooping cough in 1785 in the United States, and he was bereft.[69] In 1786, Jefferson met and fell in love with Maria Cosway, an accomplished Italian-English artist and musician of 27. They saw each other frequently over a period of six weeks. A married woman, she returned to Great Britain, but they maintained a lifelong correspondence.[69]
In 1787, Jefferson sent for his youngest surviving child, Polly, then age nine. He requested that a slave accompany Polly on the trans-Atlantic voyage. By chance, Sally Hemings, a younger sister of James, was chosen; she lived in the Jefferson household in Paris for about two years. According to her son Madison Hemings, Sally and Jefferson began a sexual relationship in Paris and she became pregnant.[77] She agreed to return to the United States as his concubine after he promised to free her children when they came of age.[77] [23]
July 18, 1796 – January 29, 1820: Colonel, of the 10th Royal Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (Hussars), The Prince of Wales's Own.
1806 - July 18 - A writ was issued from the Court of Common Pleas of New Madrid District against the goods, chattels, lands and tenements of Benjamin Harrison, to satisfy a $50.50 debt he owed Richard Jones Waters.[24]
July 1809: Order of battle of the Guard Infantry in July 1809
1st (Young Guard) Infantry Division - GdD Curial
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1st Brigade -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Regiment of Tirailleurs-Chasseurs (2 battalions)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Regiment of Tirailleurs-Grenadiers (2 battalions)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2nd Brigade -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Regiment of Fusiliers-Chasseurs (2 battalions)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Regiment of Fusiliers-Grenadiers (2 battalions)
2nd (Old Guard) Infantry Division - GdD Dorsenne
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1st Brigade-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Regiment of Chasseurs (2 battalions)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2nd Brigade -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Regiment of Grenadiers (2 battalions)
The infantry of the Guard also acquired more foreign elements. The Velites of Florence received Guard status in 1809, those of Turin in 1810. In 1813 the battalions of Velites were increased to 800 with Young Guardsmen who spoke Italian.
Napoleon enlarged the Young Guard several times.
In 1809 were formed the following regiments:
- - - 1st and 2nd Tirailleurs-Grenadiers, in 1810 renamed to 1st and 2nd Tirailleurs
- - - 1st and 2nd Conscrit-Grenadiers in 1810 renamed to 3rd and 4th Tirailleurs
- - - 1st and 2nd Tirailleurs-Chasseurs, in 1810 renamed to 1st and 2nd Voltigeurs
- - - 1st and 2nd Conscrit-Chasseurs, in 1810 renamed to 3rd and 4th Voltigeurs
According to the Decree issued in December 1810 each of the new regiments was to form an elite company of 200 men called corporal-voltigeurs (in voltigeurs battalions) and corporal-tirailleurs (in tirailleurs battalions).
1809
administrative org.
Foot Grenadiers
(First in command: Marshal Davout)
(Second in command: General Dorsenne)
Foot Chasseurs
(First in command: Marshal Soult)
(Second in command: General Curial)
- Regiment of Grenadiers
(Colonel Michel)
- Regiment of Fusiliers-Grenadiers
- 1st Regiment of Tirailleurs-Grenadiers
- 2nd Regiment of Tirailleurs-Grenadiers
- 1st Regiment of Conscripts-Grenadiers
- 2nd Regiment of Conscripts-Grenadiers
- Regiment of Chasseurs
(Colonel Gros)
- Regiment of Fusiliers-Chasseurs
- 1st Regiment of Tirailleurs-Chasseurs
- 2nd Regiment of Tirailleurs-Chasseurs
- 1st Regiment of Conscripts-Chasseurs
- 2nd Regiment of Conscripts-Chasseurs
[25]
Joseph Leclere was said to have been one of Napoleon’s bodyguards.
1809-1830
David Vance was Auditor of Champaign County, Ohio 1809-1830.[26]
July 1813:
11
589
Grayson, Robert Harrison (certificate of jurors as to certain testimony in a lawsuit brought by Robert Grayson and others), July 1813
11
590
Grayson, Sophonisba Cabell (dry goods accounts), 1837-1840 [27]
July 1814
In Greenville, Ohio, a famous council was held in July 1814, in which the “western” tribes agreed to support the United States against Great Britain. One of the signers was Wabaunsee, an influential Potawatomi war chief who lived on the Kankakee River in Illinois, now Kankakee County, Illinois, about forty miles southwest of Lake Michigan.
Wabaunsee later told Colonel McKenney that he buried the tomahawk forever, in the Indian phrase, on the day he “took the Seventeen Fires by the hand…”[28]
July 1820: James Smith (b. February 16, 1764 / d. July 1820).[29]
July 1829: Newspapers also reported, in July 1829, that the Duke had been thrown out of Lord Lyndhurst's house for assaulting his wife Sarah, Lady Lyndhurst.[58] In early 1830, a number of newspapers printed articles hinting that Ernest was having an affair with Lady Graves, a mother of fifteen now past fifty.[a][30]
Juy 1830: Calhoun defended his 1818 position. The feud between him and Jackson heated up as Calhoun informed the President that he risked another attack from his opponents. They started an argumentative correspondence, fueled by Jackson's opponents, until Jackson stopped the letters in July 1830.[31]
July 1832
Two soldiers are buried in a grave site in the Jon J. Duerr (Blackhawk) Forest Preserve.
A far view of the monument along the main trail in the Jon J. Duerr (Blackhawk) Forest Preserve steering the hiker to the grave site.
A closeup of the "Soldiers Memorial" which has an arrow pointing towards the grave site. It reads "In memory of two soldiers who camped near here in July 1832 on their way to join General Winfield Scott."
Description: http://www.foxtrolley.org/newsletters/2004-3/quiz3.jpg
The grave site and grave marker of the two soldiers buried in Jon J. Duerr
(Blackhawk) Forest Preserve. It is located on a branch of the main trail
about 30 feet from the memorial stone. [32]
Description: http://www.foxtrolley.org/newsletters/2004-3/quiz4.jpg
Unknown Soldiers Cemetery
APPROXIMATE ADDRESS:
7N002 Route 31*
South Elgin, IL 60177
*This is a hidden burial ground located in the John J. Duerr (formerly named Blackhawk) Forest Preserve. To locate this burial ground, you must take the entrance of the forest preserve until you reach the parking lot by the trolley stop. Adjacent to the parking lot, is a clear path that you must hike through to get to a stone commemorating the loss of two unknown soldiers who lost their lives during the Blackhawk War in 1832. At this stone, an even smaller path will take you to the actual burial site. Click here for assistance on located this site.
Located in St Charles Township just of south of South Elgin city limits, John J Duerr Forest Preserve holds a hidden burial site within its woods. Formerly called Blackhawk Forest Preserve and named after Chief Blackhawk himself and in conjunction of the war of 1832, there is a walking path that leads to the burial site of two unknown soldiers from General Winfield Scott's army that died there from cholera in July 1832.
Although the area is not publicly claimed to be haunted, just recently the Elginite blog site reported that a woman saw a 19th century soldier in the woods the Sunday before Halloween.
Not assuming the site was haunted, earlier this year DSGI had made several visits to this site hoping to catch something paranormal. Nothing more than class C evps has been captured as any paranormal evidence. Is it possible that our investigations may have fueled this recent sighting?
The area is surrounded by the Fox River on the east and south sides. One of the theories that has proven itself in the past is that water fuels paranormal occurences. It is also surrounded to the north by the Chicago branch of the Illinois Central Railroad systems. Another theory that DSGI is working on is that trains, train tracks, or the combination of the two also fuel the paranormal. This same railroad branch that runs north of this burial site is the same tracks that run through Munger Road, a nationally known haunted site.
A DSGI field research trip during the summer was conducted at the Trolley Museum in South Elgin. During this visit, we took the trolley train from the museum on Route 31 in South Elgin (just south of State Street) to the forest preserve and back. Halfway through this trip crosses underneath those same tracks to the north of the forest preserve. Trolley host "Conductor Bob" mentioned that at one point those tracks used to be passenger trains. While potential passengers waited late at night for the train to arrive, they had enormous creepy sensations come over them. Could this be paranormal sensations or just being afraid to be out in the middle of the night?
One more contributing factor that has caught my attention is to the west of the forest preserve is a waterfall filled with limestone. Limestone is another paranormal attraction for ghosts to manifest as a lot of popular attractions are constructed from limestone, such as the Stanley Hotel in Colorado.
With water to the east and south, the "haunted tracks" to the north and the limestone quarry to the west the site is surrounded by factors that contribute to the paranormal. The forest preserve also is a picnic area as the paths to the cemetery are walked through and visited several times a year with people wondering who these two young men were and where they came from and how they met their demise. Along with our attempts to capture something paranormal it should be no surprise that this recent sighting has occurred. That all being said, it makes it hard for these spirits to rest, especially if the name on the tombstone says... "Unknown."[33]
100_4593[34][35]
100_4594[36]
100_4599[37]
July 1832: According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2500 words a day during her adult life.[202] From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes.[203] After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process.[204] Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist. In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, Lord Esher transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them.[205] Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others.[206][38]
July 1834: Episode 804, Story 2: Andrew Jackson’s Mouth
Elyse Luray: Our next case investigates what this fragment of wood can tell us about a daring
19th century act of vandalism against a national symbol. July 1834, the citizens of Boston swell with pride. Sheltered in the Charlestown navy yard is a hero from the war of 1812. Boston-built and battle tested, U.S.S. Constitution – Old Ironsides – defeated four British ships during America’s second War of Independence. The frigate represents the pride of the city…and of the nation …but on the morning of July 3rd, Boston wakes to shocking news: vandals have attacked Old Ironsides. The figurehead of President Jackson attached to the ship’s bow has been decapitated. And the head…vanishes. More than 175 years later, a body part from that tumultuous night may have surfaced in the trunk of a stranger’s car.
P. J. Whelan: I’ve been wondering what the secret of this mouth is for 30 years. But his lips are sealed.
Elyse: I’m Elyse Luray, and I’ve come to Bethlehem, Connecticut, to meet P. J. Whelan and find out about her strange object. So you have a box for me?
P. J. Whelan: I do have a box. And inside is a mouth.
Elyse: Oh, you really do have a mouth.
P. J. Whelan: I do have a mouth.
Elyse: What’s the story behind this?
P. J. Whelan: About 30 years ago, my dad who was an avid collector was approached by a man who had a car full of collectibles. And the gentleman told him that this was actually the mouth of Andrew Jackson and it was part of the original masthead on the U.S.S. Constitution.
Elyse: The famous ship?
P. J. Whelan: Old Ironsides, yes.
2
Elyse: P. J. says her father couldn't pass up the opportunity to own what might be a piece of this celebrated frigate, so he made the trade.
Elyse: What exactly do you want me to find out?
P. J. Whelan: I would really like to know if this is the original mouth of the original masthead of the
U.S.S. Constitution.
Elyse: Do you have anything else for me to go on?
P. J. Whelan: Only some old newspaper clippings that talk about a night in the 1800s when
sailors supposedly rowed out to the ship and chopped this mouth off the masthead.
Elyse: If you don’t mind I’d love to sit here and just look through some of these old newspapers
and do an evaluation. And then I’ll start.
P. J. Whelan: That would be great.
Elyse: All right. I’ll see you soon.
P. J. Whelan: thank you.
Elyse: This is definitely one of the stranger investigations. I mean it really is a mouth. It looks
hand carved. It’s very light. The wood is probably pine, which would have been used during that
time period. It has great patina. It’s been painted and the patina is still very shiny. And it doesn’t
look very weathered to me. It actually looks like it’s in pretty good shape. There is a label on the
back. Now, I don’t really like to look at labels for authenticity. Anybody could put a label on any
object, and I say that all the time. But it is a good reference point. And this says, “Part of Fig”,
which I’m assuming is figure. “Frigate Constitution, cut off in Boston Harbor” I guess that says
1830. Okay the newspaper article is January 9th, 1977. So it’s much, much later. It’s an article
about figureheads, and how these carved wooden sculptures adorned ships from the 16th to 20th
centuries. The account says that in the 1830’s, U.S.S. Constitution was being restored in the
3
Boston Navy Yard. Originally, the plan had been to restore a figurehead of Hercules – the same
figurehead Constitution had carried from her launching. Ahhh… listen to this. “Then in 1834 the
politically minded people of Boston demanded a likeness of General Andrew Jackson.” Ok, so I
know that Andrew Jackson was definitely on Constitution. But I don’t know if this was a part of it. I
think the best place for me to start is the scene of the crime. U.S.S. Constitution earned her
nickname “Old Ironsides” during the war of 1812, because British cannonballs seemed to bounce
off her oak hull, as if she were made of iron. In anticipation of the celebration of the war’s
bicentennial, she is undergoing a major overhaul, but still welcomes visitors…firing her cannons
every evening. Well, there certainly isn’t a figurehead on the ship now, there’s just a scroll there.
I’m meeting Margherita Desy, official historian for U.S.S. Constitution. She has been a keeper of
Constitution’s history for more than a decade.
Margherita Desy: Welcome aboard, Elyse, U.S.S. Constitution.
Elyse: Wow, she’s beautiful.
Margherita Desy: Thank you very much.
Elyse: Unbelievable. So, I have this piece and the people that own it believe that it might be part
of a figurehead of Andrew Jackson that adorned this ship. Do you know of that story?
Margherita Desy: Yes I do. Yes the ship did carry a figurehead of Andrew Jackson. It was placed
aboard the ship in 1834 as part of a major restoration of Constitution. Part of the restoration
involved putting a new figurehead on the bow of the ship. Andrew Jackson was President at the
time that the ship entered dry dock in 1833. And he was actually a very popular President.
Commodore Jesse Duncan Elliott is the person who oversees the restoration of Constitution. And
he thought it would be probably a politically correct thing to do to put a figurehead of Jackson on
the bow of the ship.
Elyse: However, President Jackson’s populist politics were seen as favoring western interests.
This earned him enemies, especially in the maritime cities of the northeast, such as Boston.
Regardless, Elliott pressed ahead with his plan.
4
Margherita Desy: So he hired Laban Beecher who was a ship carver here in Boston to carve
really quite a large figure. The Andrew Jackson figure is about 10 to 12 feet tall because
Constitution is a big ship.
Elyse: Wow. And what happens? Margherita says that the best way for me to find out more is to
talk to curator Sarah Watkins just across the navy yard in the archives of the U.S.S. Constitution
museum. Sarah confirms that Commodore Elliot’s choice of President Jackson for their beloved
Old Ironsides was met with near unanimous hostility from the people of Boston, who took to the
streets in protest.
Sarah Watkins: Well, first, I have a reproduction of a handbill from a period book. It’s a handbill
that was distributed on the streets and the title is “Freemen Awake or the Constitution will Sink.”
“It is in fact that the old glory President has issued special orders for a colossal figure of this royal
self in roman costume to be placed as a figure head on Old Ironsides.” And it ends with a call to
action. “For god’s sake, save the ship from foul disgrace.” It was seen as a desecration on an
almost sacred ship.
Elyse: Huh, and why is that?
Sarah Watkins: Well, number one, Andrew Jackson is the President of the United States who
closes the bank, the Second Bank of the United States.
Elyse: Sarah explains that, in the winter of 1833, Jackson had removed federal deposits from the
Second Bank of the United States. Jackson viewed that private institution as an unconstitutional
concentration of financial power. But removing funds from the bank shut down the flow of credit to
businesses, angering Boston merchants. On July 2nd 1834, one Cape Cod sailor, named Samuel
Dewey, decided to take action.
Elyse: So what happened that night?
Sarah Watkins: Well it was a dark and stormy night and our daredevil, Samuel Dewey, steathfully
rows across Boston harbor and reaches Constitution undetected. He shimmies up nearly 25 feet
in the air with his saw and attempts to behead this figurehead, but reaches an obstruction, an
5
actual rod that’s attaching the figure to the ship. And so instead of cutting at the neck, he actually
had to cut right below the nose. And succeeded in severing it there.
Elyse: So that means that the mouth was still attached to the ship.
Sarah Watkins: Exactly.
Elyse: So what happens to Constitution?
Sarah Watkins: Well, Constitution’s beheaded figure is draped in canvas, and the ship sails to
New York to have a New York carver replace the damage.
Elyse: And what does Dewey do with the head?
Sarah Watkins: Well, Dewey soaking wet and elated rows back to shore and hides his prize in his
mother’s shed. And eventually he actually tries to take the head to Washington, D.C., and return it
to Andrew Jackson himself. Jackson, unfortunately, is ill, and not able to receive him, so instead
with navy property, he actually returns it to the Secretary of the Navy, Dickerson.
Elyse: So he becomes this hero.
Sarah Watkins: Dewey was known for this for the rest of his life.
Elyse: Sarah says that after the attack, the mostly decapitated President, Constitution – and
possibly our mouth – sailed out of Boston for safer waters in New York harbor. Here’s a picture of
the severed head. The book calls it the Beecher cranium, after the Boston sculptor who made it.
It’s tiny, it’s in black and white. So unfortunately I can’t tell if the patinas are the same.
Stylistically, they look pretty similar. But, unfortunately, it says here “the Beecher cranium, present
whereabouts unknown.” It seems the head Dewey had severed went missing long after he
returned it to the navy. And what happened to the damaged remains of the figurehead when Old
Ironsides got to New York? I’m enlisting the help of New York art historian and author Ralph
Sessions. He’s an expert on ship carvings from the 19th century, and has written on this
figurehead specifically. Do you think that this piece could have been part of the figurehead?
6
Ralph Sessions: If this actually were the original mouth, it would be historically very important, but
I’m skeptical.
Elyse: Official navy correspondence from the period indicates that the repairs preserved the
existing mouth.
Ralph Sessions: We have some letters. And actually I have a copy of one in the navy department
that essentially says that “no more is wanted than that so much of the figurehead as has been
removed should be restored.”
Elyse: So this could not be part of the original figurehead, because according to the
documentation they just replaced the cranium.
Ralph Sessions: Yes, that would mean that. However, in thinking about it since you contacted
me, it’s also true that from a carving point of view, it would be easier for a ship carver to cut off
the rest of the head at the neck and carve the entire piece. In which case this would have been
cut off in New York and then the new head would be affixed.
Elyse: Did the New York team create an entire new head for the President? If so, what happened
to the damaged mouth? Where do you think I should take it from here?
Ralph Sessions: Well there certainly is a way you could investigate it further.
Elyse: What’s that?
Ralph Sessions: Because the figurehead is now at the Museum of the City of New York. It’s on
exhibition, in fact. The original piece with the replaced head.
Elyse: Ralph is being a little coy, but he says that, while I’m there, I should ask the museum about
another object they have in storage that could help me solve the case. I’m meeting Dr. Sarah
Henry, Chief Curator and Deputy Director of the Museum of the City of New York. She’s arranged
for me to take a close look at Andrew in the gallery. So this is him.
7
Dr. Sarah Henry: Yeah, here is Andrew Jackson.
Elyse: He’s huge.
Dr. Henry: Yes, in all his glory. This is the original body the Beecher body, and, the replacement
head.
Elyse: So I have this piece and if you don’t mind, I wanted to make a comparison to see if our
mouth could have been attached to that head.
Dr. Henry: Okay.
Elyse: It’s clear that our mouth never belonged to this head. And Ralph’s speculation appears on
target – the New York repair team gave the President an entirely new head. Sarah doesn’t know
what happened to Jackson’s mouth, but she has a surprise. Incredibly, the head that Dewey cut –
and which had long been missing from the navy property lockers – has been found.
Dr. Henry: It’s actually downstairs in our brand new collections storage center. So if you’d like to
take a look we could go down.
Elyse: I’d love to see it. Sarah says that, after Dewey handed it off, Jackson’s head – the socalled
‘Beecher cranium’ – remained in the family of the Secretary of the Navy for generations. At
one point, they emigrated to France, and its whereabouts were then unknown for more than fifty
years.
Dr. Henry: It was tracked down by a curator from the Museum of the City of New York in the
1990’s.
Elyse: Well how did she do that?
8
Dr. Henry: Well she went and looked up, she knew the married name of the family member it had
gotten down to and she went and looked up everybody with that last name in Paris and called
everybody.
Elyse: She’s like a History Detective.
Dr. Henry: Well she was, she was a History Detective.
Dr. Henry: So, there it is.
Elyse: All right, this is the moment of truth. Let’s check it out.
Dr. Henry: Okay.
Elyse: This mystery has been around for a long time, but it was a hard one to crack. It wasn’t until
I went to the Museum of the City of New York, where I was able to find some answers, and I think
you might want to take a look at some of this footage.
Elyse: Well the first thing I notice is that the patina is the same. And it’s to scale. I mean the
mouth and the chin aren’t bigger or smaller. It’s definitely to scale as it should be. So that’s a
good sign. Now let’s see if it matches.
Dr. Henry: Let’s see if it fits that together, okay?
Elyse: You got it?
Dr. Henry: Come, on, Andy.
Elyse: Okay, here we go.
Dr. Henry: Let’s see. Look at that!
Elyse: Yep, it’s a match! So after 150 years, they’re finally together.
9
Dr. Henry: Together again.
Elyse: Oh, P. J.’s going to be thrilled.
P. J. Whelan: Oh my gosh. Absolutely amazing. I’m speechless. I really can’t believe that it’s
actually real.
Elyse: So your dad’s trade really was for a treasure. What are you going to do with it?
P. J. Whelan: It’s always been in the back of my mind that he could be reunited with Andrew. That
to me is the fitting end to the story, is that Andrew gets his mouth back and history gets back an
important piece of the puzzle.
Elyse: Samuel Dewey – the Bostonian who decapitated the figurehead – slipped from public view
after that fateful night in 1834. Despite becoming a gem seeker, and discovering both the largest
known American diamond and ruby at the time, he died poor, at the age of 93, in a tenement
house. U.S.S. Constitution never fired her cannons in battle again. Upon returning to the U.S. in
1855 from her final voyage around the world, Old Ironsides was readied for her new role as a
stationary school ship for the naval academy. Today, the oldest commissioned warship still afloat continues to serve as an historic ship, welcoming aboard half a million visitors each year.[39]
July 1834: Henry Bedinger of the County of Berkely and State of Virginia declares that his Brother George M. Bedinger now a resident in Nicholas County, Kentucky, and himself entered as Volunteers, for one year, early in the month of June 1775, in the Company of Volunteer Riflemen then raising in Berkeley County, by Captain Hugh Stephenson, that they Marched in said Company and arrived at the siege of Boston, and served the full term for which they Was engaged, that subsequently the said G M Bedinger entered as a Volunteer in a Company Commanded by Captain William Morgan of Berkeley Commanded by Captain William Morgan of Berkeley…[40]
July 18, 1835 – Hundreds of Cherokee, not from just the Treaty Party but also from the National Party (including John Ross), converge on John Ridge’s plantation named Running Waters (a few miles distant from New Echota) to meet with Shermerhorn, Return J. Meigs, Jr., and other officials representing the United States government. After the conclusion of the conclave, members of the National Party murder members of the Treaty Party at a rate of at least one a week.[41]
July 1837: Margaret J. Stevenson Born in July 1837. Margaret J. died in Kentucky on September 1, 1838; she was 1. Buried in Concord Cemetery, Kentucky. [42]
July 1847: Smith's successor, Brigham Young, led an exodus of persecuted Mormons from Nauvoo, Illinois, along the western wagon trails in search of religious and political freedom. In July 1847, the 148 initial Mormon pioneers reached Utah's Valley of the Great Salt Lake. Upon viewing the valley, Young declared, "This is the place," and the pioneers began preparations for the tens of thousands of Mormon migrants who would follow them and settle there.[43]
July 18, 1851: Ransom E. Smith12 [Gabriel D. Smith11 , Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5,Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. October 4, 1831 in Franklin Co. GA / d. August 11, 1905 in Carroll Co. GA) married Nancy Caroline King (b. June 7, 1837 in Gwinnett Co. GA / d. February 13, 1917 in Carroll Co. GA) on July 18, 1851 in Carroll Co. GA. [44]
July 1855:
1. Violet Streatfeild10 b. July 1855, d. December 25, 1880
[45]
July 1861: George Washington Custis Lee served in the Virginia state forces, until July 1861. At that time he was given a commission as a Captain in the Confederate Army.[2] During the next few months, Lee worked in the Confederate engineers corps. He spent his time constructing fortifications for the new capital city, Richmond. [46]
July 18, 1861: Two railroad lines met at Manassa, Virginia just over 25 miles outside Washington, D.C. Confederate troops were sent to protect the junction, Union troops to take it. On July 18, 1861, the two sides fought a skirmish, chich would be greatly exaggerated in reports back to Washington. A full scale battle followed three days later.[47]
July 1862 Taps played for first time at Harrison’s Landing.
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A bugler sounds "Taps" during the funeral of former U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger in Arlington National Cemetery.
Taps" is a musical piece sounded at dusk, and at funerals, particularly by the U.S. military. It is sounded during flag ceremonies and funerals, generally on bugle or trumpet, and often at Boy Scout, Girl Scout and Girl Guide meetings and camps. The tune is also sometimes known as "Butterfield's Lullaby", or by the first line of the lyric, "Day is Done".
Etymology
The term originates from the Dutch term taptoe, meaning "close the (beer) taps (and send the troops back to camp)". "Military tattoo" comes from the same origin.
History
The tune is actually a variation of an earlier bugle call known as the Scott Tattoo which was used in the U.S. from 1835 until 1860,[1][2] and was arranged in its present form by the Union Army Brigadier General Daniel Butterfield, an American Civil War general and Medal of Honor recipient who commanded the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Division in the V Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac while at Harrison's Landing, Virginia, in July 1862 to replace a previous French bugle call used to signal "lights out". Butterfield's bugler, Oliver Wilcox Norton,[3] of Angelica, New York, was the first to sound the new call. Within months, "Taps" was used by both Union and Confederate forces. It was officially recognized by the United States Army in 1874.[4]
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Brigadier General Daniel Butterfield
An alternative, and probably more accurate account of the origin of "Taps" comes from West Point and the direct recollections of the bugler himself and General Butterfield. This also explains how bugles were used to communicate to one officer's command. The initial notes of "Taps" identify it as coming from Butterfield, not another commander. As the General writes, the first notes in any bugle call would tell the troops in a particular command to pay attention to it, and then tell them what to do, such as to go forward, stop and lie down, or in this case to go to sleep.[5]
"Taps" concludes many military funerals conducted with honors at Arlington National Cemetery, as well as hundreds of others around the United States.[6] The tune is also sounded at many memorial services in Arlington's Memorial Amphitheater and at grave sites throughout the cemetery.
Captain John C. Tidball, West Point Class of 1848, started the custom of playing taps at military funerals. In early July 1862 at Harrison’s Landing, a corporal of Tidball’s Battery A, 2nd Artillery, died. He was, Tidball recalled later, “a most excellent man.” Tidball wished to bury him with full military honors, but, for military reasons, he was refused permission to fire three guns over the grave. Tidball later wrote, “The thought suggested itself to me to sound taps instead, which I did. The idea was taken up by others, until in a short time it was adopted by the entire army and is now looked upon as the most appropriate and touching part of a military funeral.” As Tidball proudly proclaimed, “Battery A has the honor of having introduced this custom into the service, and it is worthy of historical note.”[7]
It became a standard component to U.S. military funerals in 1891.[4]
"Taps" is sounded during each of the 2,500 military wreath ceremonies conducted at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier every year, including the ones held on Memorial Day. The ceremonies are viewed by many people, including veterans, school groups, and foreign officials. "Taps" is also sounded nightly in military installations at non-deployed locations to indicate that it is "lights out", and often by Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and Girl Guides to mark the end of an evening event such as a campfire.
Melody and lyrics
The melody of "Taps" is composed entirely from the written notes of the C major triad (i.e., C, E, and G, with the G used in the lower and higher octaves). This is because the bugle, for which it is written, can play only the notes in the harmonic series of the instrument's fundamental tone; a B-flat bugle thus plays the notes B-flat, D, and F. "Taps" uses the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th partials. [Note: in E-flat this transposes to B-flat, E-flat and G.]
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Taps (in the key of C)
There is one original set of lyrics meant to accompany the music, written by Horace Lorenzo Trim:
Day is done, gone the sun
From the lakes, from the hills, from the sky
All is well, safely rest
God is nigh.
Fading light dims the sight
And a star gems the sky, gleaming bright
From afar, drawing near
Falls the night.
Thanks and praise for our days
Neath the sun, neath the stars, neath the sky
As we go, this we know
God is nigh.
Several later lyrical adaptations have been created. One, written by Horace Lorenzo Trim, is shown below:
Fading light dims the sight
And a star gems the sky, gleaming bright
From afar drawing nigh,
Falls the night.
Day is done, gone the sun
From the lakes, from the hills, from the skies
All is well, safely rest;
God is nigh.
Then goodnight, peaceful night;
Till the light of the dawn shineth bright.
God is near, do not fear,
Friend, goodnight.
The other popular version, penned and harmonized by famed composer Josef Pasternack, is:
Love, sweet dreams!
Lo, the beams of the light Fairy moon kissed the streams,
Love, Goodnight!
Ah so soon!
Peaceful dreams!
Another set of lyrics, used in a recording made by John Wayne about the song, is:
Fading light
Falling night
Trumpet call, as the sun, sinks in fright
Sleep in peace, comrades dear,
God is near.
Legends
There are several legends concerning the origin of "Taps". The most widely circulated one states that a Union Army infantry officer, whose name is often given as Captain Robert Ellicombe, first ordered "Taps" performed at the funeral of his son, a Confederate soldier killed during the Peninsula Campaign. This apocryphal[8][9][10] story claims that Ellicombe found the tune in the pocket of his son's clothing and performed it to honor his memory. But there is no record of any man named Robert Ellicombe holding a commission as captain in the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign.[11]
That Daniel Butterfield composed "Taps" has been sworn to by numerous reputable witnesses including his bugler Norton,[12] who first performed the tune. While scholars continue to debate whether or not the tune was original or based on an earlier melody, few researchers doubt that Butterfield is responsible for the current tune.
Another, perhaps more historically verifiable, account of "Taps" first being used in the context of a military funeral involves John C. Tidball, a Union artillery captain who during a break in fighting ordered the tune sounded for a deceased soldier in lieu of the more traditional—and much less discreet—three volley tribute. Army Col. James A. Moss, in an Officer's Manual initially published in 1911, reports the following:
"During the Peninsula Campaign in 1862, a soldier of Tidball's Battery A of the 2nd Artillery was buried at a time when the battery occupied an advanced position concealed in the woods. It was unsafe to fire the customary three volleys over the grave, on account of the proximity of the enemy, and it occurred to Capt. Tidball that the sounding of Taps would be the most appropriate ceremony that could be substituted."
While not necessarily addressing the origin of the "Taps", this does represent the first recorded instance of "Taps" being sounded as part of a military funeral. Until then, while the tune had meant that the soldiers' day of work was finished, it had little to none of the connotation or overtone of death with which it is so often associated today.
Non-military variants
Although primarily used within the military, several local or special variations of the tune are performed, primarily by organizations such as the Boy Scouts of America or American military schools.
Echo Taps and Silver Taps
Echo Taps is a song traditionally played at American military schools such as Norwich University, The Citadel, NMMI and Texas A&M University when a member or former member of a school's Corps of Cadets is killed in action.
At Norwich University, the ceremony is held on the Upper Parade Ground, where the Corps of Cadets forms up silently at 2245 (10:45PM) for tattoo, and then stand in silence until 2300 (11:00PM) when echo taps is played, at which time unit commanders will tacitly give the commands of attention and present arms. The Regimental Bugler stands either near the flagpole in front of Jackman Hall or on Jackman's balcony and plays the main tune of Taps. The echoing bugler will stand on the steps of Dewey Hall facing the Parade Ground and echo each series of notes. Following the playing of taps, the Corps of Cadets dismisses in silence.
At Texas A&M, Echo Taps is held on the Quadrangle (the 12-dorm complex that is used mainly by the Corps) at 10:00PM the night they find out. For the ceremony the Corps falls out and forms up along the length of the quad, a bugler is posted at the megaphone on the south end and another is at the arches on the north end, cadets salute and the bugler on the south end plays the first 3 notes of Silver Taps the bugler on the north end echoes, the bugler on the south end plays the next 3 notes and is echoed for the rest of the song. Cadets then return to their dorms. By far, one of Texas A&M's most honored traditions is Silver Taps. Silver Taps is held for a graduate or undergraduate student who dies while enrolled at A&M. This final tribute is held the first Tuesday of the month when a student has died the previous month.
The first Silver Taps was held in 1898 and honored Lawrence Sullivan Ross, the former governor of Texas and president of A&M College. Silver Taps is currently held in the Academic Plaza. On the day of Silver Taps, a small card with the deceased students name, class, major, and date of birth is placed as a notice at the base of the academic flagpole, in addition to the memorial located behind the flagpole. Around 10:15 that night, the lights are extinguished and hymns chime from Albritton Tower. Students silently gather at the statue of Lawrence Sullivan Ross. At 10:30pm, the Ross Volunteer Firing Squad marches into the plaza and fires three rifle volleys. Six Buglers then play a special rendition of Silver Taps by Colonel Richard Dunn (Aggie Band Director, 1924-1946). Taps is played three times from the dome of the Academic Building: once to the north, south, and west. It is not played to the east because the sun will never rise on that Aggie again. After the buglers play, the students silently return to their homes. Silver Taps is a sacred tradition that Aggies hold dear. Students return to their dorms, and lights remain extinguished until Reveille the next morning.
At New Mexico Military Institute, "Echo Taps" (otherwise known as "Silver Taps") is played by three trumpets on a night designated by the alumni association. This ceremony is held in the Hagerman Barracks to remember all the alumni who had died of normal causes or KIA that year. This ceremony also includes the lighting and extinguishing of a candle for every alumni of the year. One bugler is posted at the North, South, and West side of the barracks and the candles at the East. After this early "Taps", complete silence marks the rest of the night.
Army Regulation 220-90, Army Bands dated December 2007, Paragraph 2-5h(1) states the following: “Echo Taps” or “Silver Taps,” the practice of performing “Taps” with multiple buglers, is not authorized. “Echo Taps” is not a part of Army tradition and improperly uses bugler assets.
Army Regulation 600-25, Salutes, Honors, and Visits of Courtesy, dated September 2004, Glossary, Section 2 states the following: "Taps The traditional “lights out” musical composition played at military funerals and memorials. The official version of “Taps” is played by a single bugle. In accordance with AR 220–90, “Echo or Silver Taps,” which is performed by 2 buglers, is not authorized."
Field Manual 12-50, U.S. Army Bands, dated October 1999, Appendix A, Official And Ceremonial Music, Appendix A, Section 1 – Ceremonial Music, Paragraph A-35 "A-35. Signals that unauthorized lights are to be extinguished. This is the last call of the day. The call is also sounded at the completion of a military funeral ceremony. Taps is to be performed by a single bugler only. Performance of "Silver Taps" or "Echo Taps" is not consistent with Army traditions, and is an improper use of bugler assets.
Scouting
Many Scouting and Guiding groups around the world sing the second verse of "Taps" ("Day is Done..") at the close of a camp or campfire. Scouts in encampment may also have the unit's bugler sound taps once the rest of the unit has turned in, to signify that the day's activities have concluded and that silence is expected in the camp.
•Silver Taps and Echo Taps, local or special versions of the song
•"Last Post", Commonwealth of Nations equivalent
•"La sonnerie aux morts", the French Armed Forces equivalent
•"Ich hatt' einen Kameraden" ("I had a comrade"), the German and Austrian equivalent for military funerals
•"Reveille", the U.S. bugle song sounded at sunrise
•"Il Silenzio" ("Silence"), the Italian equivalent[48][49]
·
Excerpt from Lincoln’s last public address in 1865:
· July 1862: …From about July 1862, I had corresponded with different persons, supposed to be interested, seeking a reconstruction of a State government for Louisiana. When the message of 1863, with the plan before mentioned, reached New-Orleans, Gen. Banks wrote me that he was confident the people, with his military co-operation, would reconstruct, substantially on that plan. I wrote him, and some of them to try it; they tried it, and the result is known. Such only has been my agency in getting up the Louisiana government. As to sustaining it, my promise is out, as before stated. But, as bad promises are better broken than kept, I shall treat this as a bad promise, and break it, whenever I shall be convinced that keeping it is adverse to the public interest. But I have not yet been so convinced.
· I have been shown a letter on this subject, supposed to be an able one, in which the writer expresses regret that my mind has not seemed to be definitely fixed on the question whether the seceding States, so called, are in the Union or out of it. It would perhaps, add astonishment to his regret, were he to learn that since I have found professed Union men endeavoring to make that question, I have purposely forborne any public expression upon it. As appears to me that question has not been, nor yet is, a practically material one, and that any discussion of it, while it thus remains practically immaterial, could have no effect other than the mischievous one of dividing our friends. As yet, whatever it may hereafter become, that question is bad, as the basis of a controversy, and good for nothing at all--a merely pernicious abstraction.
· We all agree that the seceded States, so called, are out of their proper relation with the Union; and that the sole object of the government, civil and military, in regard to those States is to again get them into that proper practical relation. I believe it is not only possible, but in fact, easier to do this, without deciding, or even considering, whether these States have ever been out of the Union, than with it. Finding themselves safely at home, it would be utterly immaterial whether they had ever been abroad. Let us all join in doing the acts necessary to restoring the proper practical relations between these States and the Union; and each forever after, innocently indulge his own opinion whether, in doing the acts, he brought the States from without, into the Union, or only gave them proper assistance, they never having been out of it.
· The amount of constituency, so to speak, on which the new Louisiana government rests, would be more satisfactory to all, if it contained fifty, thirty, or even twenty thousand, instead of only about twelve thousand, as it does. It is also unsatisfactory to some that the elective franchise is not given to the colored man. I would myself prefer that it were now conferred on the very intelligent, and on those who serve our cause as soldiers. Still the question is not whether the Louisiana government, as it stands, is quite all that is desirable. The question is, "Will it be wiser to take it as it is, and help to improve it; or to reject, and disperse it?" "Can Louisiana be brought into proper practical relation with the Union sooner by sustaining, or by discarding her new State government?"
· Some twelve thousand voters in the heretofore slave-state of Louisiana have sworn allegiance to the Union, assumed to be the rightful political power of the State, held elections, organized a State government, adopted a free-state constitution, giving the benefit of public schools equally to black and white, and empowering the Legislature to confer the elective franchise upon the colored man. Their Legislature has already voted to ratify the constitutional amendment recently passed by Congress, abolishing slavery throughout the nation. These twelve thousand persons are thus fully committed to the Union, and to perpetual freedom in the state--committed to the very things, and nearly all the things the nation wants--and they ask the nations recognition and it's assistance to make good their committal. Now, if we reject, and spurn them, we do our utmost to disorganize and disperse them. We in effect say to the white men "You are worthless, or worse--we will neither help you, nor be helped by you." To the blacks we say "This cup of liberty which these, your old masters, hold to your lips, we will dash from you, and leave you to the chances of gathering the spilled and scattered contents in some vague and undefined when, where, and how." If this course, discouraging and paralyzing both white and black, has any tendency to bring Louisiana into proper practical relations with the Union, I have, so far, been unable to perceive it. If, on the contrary, we recognize, and sustain the new government of Louisiana the converse of all this is made true. We encourage the hearts, and nerve the arms of the twelve thousand to adhere to their work, and argue for it, and proselyte for it, and fight for it, and feed it, and grow it, and ripen it to a complete success. The colored man too, in seeing all united for him, is inspired with vigilance, and energy, and daring, to the same end. Grant that he desires the elective franchise, will he not attain it sooner by saving the already advanced steps toward it, than by running backward over them? Concede that the new government of Louisiana is only to what it should be as the egg is to the fowl, we shall sooner have the fowl by hatching the egg than by smashing it? Again, if we reject Louisiana, we also reject one vote in favor of the proposed amendment to the national Constitution. To meet this proposition, it has been argued that no more than three fourths of those States which have not attempted secession are necessary to validly ratify the amendment. I do not commit myself against this, further than to say that such a ratification would be questionable, and sure to be persistently questioned; while a ratification by three-fourths of all the States would be unquestioned and unquestionable.
· I repeat the question, "Can Louisiana be brought into proper practical relation with the Union sooner by sustaining or by discarding her new State Government?
· What has been said of Louisiana will apply generally to other States. And yet so great peculiarities pertain to each state, and such important and sudden changes occur in the same state; and withal, so new and unprecedented is the whole case, that no exclusive, and inflexible plan can be safely prescribed as to details and colatterals [sic]. Such exclusive, and inflexible plan, would surely become a new entanglement. Important principles may, and must, be inflexible.
· In the present "situation" as the phrase goes, it may be my duty to make some new announcement to the people of the South. I am considering, and shall not fail to act, when satisfied that action will be proper.[50]
June 1, July 18, 1862: Dr. William McKinnon Goodlove (1st cousin, 3 times removed) and the 57th Ohio Volunteer Infantry at Grand Junction and Holly Springs June 1-July 18. [51]
July 1863: In the summer of 1863, Lee invaded the North again, marching through western Maryland and into south central Pennsylvania. He encountered Union forces under George G. Meade at the three-day Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania in July 1863; the battle would produce the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War. With some of his subordinates being new and inexperienced in their commands, J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry being out of the area, and Lee being slightly ill, he was less than comfortable with how events were unfolding. While the first day of battle was controlled by the Confederates, key terrain that should have been taken by General Ewell was not. The second day ended with the Confederates unable to break the Union position, and the Union being more solidified. Lee's decision on the third day, against the sound judgment of his best corps commander General Longstreet, to launch a massive frontal assault on the center of the Union line was disastrous. The assault known as Pickett's Charge was repulsed and resulted in heavy Confederate losses. The general rode out to meet his retreating army and proclaimed, "All this has been my fault."[77] Lee was compelled to retreat. Despite flooded rivers that blocked his retreat, he escaped Meade's ineffective pursuit. [52]
July 1863: One source says that Sim Whitsett was with Shelby at Cape Girardeau, Missouri and Helena, Arkansas in the spring of 1863. I cannot dispute that with solid evidence, but the timing of those battles make it seem very unlikely to me. Edwards reports that Sim was back in Missouri with Todd in July 1863. [53]
July 1863: Beginning in July of 1863, in an effort to destroy the guerrillas' base of support, Union troops began to arrest Kansas City area women who were suspected of gathering information on the partisans' behalf and to detain them until arrangements could be made to transport them out of Kansas City, where they would be tried. Shortly afterwards the Kansas City Daily Journal of Commerce printed an editorial supporting the effort to strike at the families of the guerrillas:
http://www.members.tripod.com/~penningtons/red-thin8.gif
"It is an utter impossibility to rid the country of these pestilent outlaws, so long as their families remain...One of the greatest difficulties the military authorities have to encounter, is the constant information that the families of the bushwhackers give of every movement the troops make...With the aid of these spies, dotted all over the country and living in the perfect security, a hundred bushwhackers may defy the efforts of five hundred solders to exterminate them."
http://www.members.tripod.com/~penningtons/red-thin8.gif
At first the women were imprisoned in the Union Hotel, located at the southeast corner of Sixth and Main Streets. But, because it was considered too crowded, they were then moved to the Mechanics Bank at Delaware and Commercial, which, after becoming infested with rats and vermin of all kinds, was deemed unfit for human habitation but only after the guards complained of the stench and torture of these vermin. They eventually moved to a building in the Metropolitan Block of McGee's Addition known then as the The Longhorn Tavern. [54]
Late July 1863: General Thomas Ewing, who was commander of the District of the Border, as this area was known and whose headquarters were at Kansas City, without notification, took possession of this building, proclaiming it a women's prison in late July 1863. This was not acknowledged by him until much later when he wrote in a letter: "This certifies that a certain house in McGee's Addition to Kansas City, Mo., known as 'No. 13 Metropolitan Block,' was occupied as a prison, by my order, from some day in the latter part of July 1863 , until the 13th day of August (August 13) last, when it fell." [55]
July 18, 1863
Ending November 15, 2009 538
In Boston, directly opposite the State House, facing Beacon Street, stands one of the nation’s most important war monuments, a memorial to interracial cooperation as well as to individual heroism.
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, many of Massachusetts’ black residents wanted to join the fight to free their enslaved brethren. ButU.S. Army policy prohibited blacks from enlisting.
] After pleas from Governor Andrew, the War Department relented and allowed blacks to serve, but not as officers. Some of the state’s most prominent young white men then volunteered to lead the black troops of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. Among these was Robert Gould Shaw, only son of one of Boston’s first families, and the colonel of the regiment. It was a risky venture for both black soldier and white officer. The black men, if captured, would become slaves’ the whites were seen as traitors to their race by the Confederate Army. Shaw and 32 of his men were slain leading the assault on Fort Wagner on July 18, 1863 and were buried in a mass grave at the fort.
This monument was created by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, the leading American sculptor of the time. It took 14 years to complete, and was the first sympathetic portrayal of black men by a whit e artist. Dedicated on Decoration Day of 1897, it is one of the finest works of art to come out of any American war. It’s also the starting point for the Black Heritage Trail.[56]
July 18, 1863: Martha McDANIEL. Born on April 7, 1830. Martha died in DeKalb County, Missouri on October 3, 1888; she was 58. Buried in Maysville, Missouri.
On December 28, 1843 when Martha was 13, she married Thaddeus Clastentine Sylvestapaul DUNCAN, son of Stephen Clarles DUNCAN (1797-1877) & Lucy BROWNING (1808-1838), in Platte County, Missouri. Born on January 7, 1824 in Henry County, Kentucky. Thaddeus Clastentine Sylvestapaul died in Lexington, Henry County, Kentucky on July 18, 1863; he was 39. Buried in Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas.
They had the following children:
i. Elizabeth Ann. Born on April 9, 1845 in Clay County, Missouri. Elizabeth Ann died before 1877; she was 31.
On July 24, 1864 when Elizabeth Ann was 19, she married Joseph W. REGISTER, in Dekalb County, Missouri.
69 ii. John Stephen (1848-1926)
iii. William. Born on October 6, 1850 in Clay County, Missouri. William died on April 17, 1916; he was 65.
iv. Nancy Milton. Born on April 15, 1852 in Clay County, Missouri. Nancy Milton died in Buchanan County, Missouri on November 27, 1916; she was 64.
On June 19, 1866 when Nancy Milton was 14, she married William Dixon JAMES, in Dekalb County, Missouri.
v. Mary Florence. Born on March 15, 1855 in Dekalb County, Missouri. Mary Florence died in Kansas on July 11, 1882; she was 27.
Mary Florence married John F. WILSON.
vi. James Gilbert LaFayette. Born on May 3, 1857 in Dekalb County, Missouri. James Gilbert LaFayette died on April 15, 1930; he was 72.
On July 12, 1880 when James Gilbert LaFayette was 23, he married Susan RIDDLE, in Winslow, Missouri.[57]
July 1864: The regiment went by river, gulf and ocean to Alexandria, Va., from there to Harper's Ferry, and joined Sheridan's army in the Shenandoah valley. At the battle of Winchester the Twenty-Fourth was hotly engaged and lost seventy-four men. It also took part in the battles of Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, which followed, fighting with its accustomed vigor and bravery and losing many good men. Among the mortally wounded at Cedar Creek was the gallant Colonel Wilds.[58]
Mon. July 18, 1864
Was on camp gard one hour
Went to the city in the evening with
D. Winans[59] got a good supper
Saw many curiosities
(William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry)[60]
December 1863 to July 1865: The Confederate Cemetery, Rock Island Illinois.
The only tangible remains of the Rock Island Barracks is the Confederate Cemetery. The Rock Island Barracks was one of 21 prison camps operated by the Union. From December 1863 to July 1865, 12,192 Confederate prisoners were held at the prison camp. A total of 1,960 prisoners died. Each gravestone identifies the individual soldier, his company, and his unit.
The National Cemetery Administration maintains the Confederate Cemetery. [61]
Among the Confederates who were imprisoned at Rock Island were Anthony Baker (23rd Va. Cavalry) and Lemuel Brill (18th Va. Cavalry), grandsons of Francis Godlove (Franz Gottlob).[62]
100_0264
The entrance to the Confederate Cemetery at Rock Island
Later part of July 1865; Reached Davenport, Iowa, Iowa via Baltimore, was paid and disbanded. [63]
Out of the 1204 men who made up the regiment, 71 men were killed, 260 were wounded, another 256 died from wounds and disease, and 76 were captured.[64]
July 18, 1867: Nettie Illini Goodlove, was born July 18, 1867, married Richard H. Gray, September 13, 1893, at her parents home. Nettie died September 15, 1911. Nettie and Richard were both doctors in
Anamosa, Iowa before moving to Texas, where their daughter, Ruth Johnson lives today. They had a son, Richard, who died at the age of 6 in July 1908, while the family was visiting Nettie’s parents. The boy is buried at Jordan’s Grove. [65]
July 1888, L. Frank Baum and his wife moved to Aberdeen, Dakota Territory, where he opened a store, "Baum's Bazaar". His habit of giving out wares on credit led to the eventual bankrupting of the store,[11] so Baum turned to editing a local newspaper, The Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer, where he wrote a column, Our Landlady.[12][66]
July 1894: Dussie Rowell (b. July 1894 in AL / d. March 1955 in AL).[67]
July 18, 1896: Marcus STEPHENSON. Born on April 16, 1807 in Bourbon County, Kentucky. Marcus died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on July 18, 1896; he was 89. Buried in Dean Lake, Stephenson Cemetery.
Obituary found in Mabel Hoover’s Stephenson Family Papers (unknown publication):
Died:--his home in Dean Lake, July 18th, 1896, Marcus Stephenson age 89 years, 3 months and 2 days. He was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, in 1807, moved with his father to Cape Girardeau (illegible) when he was 6 months old and joined the Methodist Church, South, in 1825. He was twice married, his last wife survives him. He leaves six children, all boys. Hugh Stephenson, of near Mike, W. C. Stephenson, of near Keytsville, C. M. Stephenson, of Vernon county, J. P. Stephenson, of Marceline, Tolbert and Coleman Stephenson, of Dean Lake. His funeral was preached at his home at 1 o’clock by Rev. Settles, a Methodist divine. His touching remarks will always be remembered by those present, as Bro. Settles had been to see Mr. Stephenson during his sickness, and found him prepared to go. He had been blind for about 2 years. Nine months ago he was crippled by a horse backing against him, from this injury he never recovered sufficiently to sit up in his chair. At his old home place near Dean Lake followed by a large concourse od sorrowing friends and relatives. He was tenderly laid to rest until the ressurection morn. M.A.B.
On September 23, 1830 when Marcus was 23, he first married Catherine HANCOCK, in Howard County, Missouri. Born in Kentucky. Catherine died in 1848 in Dewitt, Carroll County, Missouri.
They had the following children:
15 i. Robert (1833-1872)
ii. Hugh “Cap”. Born on October 19, 1835 in Carroll County, Missouri. Hugh “Cap” died in Clariton County, Missouri on October 19, 1914; he was 79. Buried in Bethel Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri. Captain In The Confederate Army During Civil War. [3] Was on the census for Living With His Brother Charles Marcus, Salt Creek Township, Clariton County, Missouri in 1910.
From and undated newspaper clipping provided by Mabel Hoover:
Captain Hugh Stephenson was born in Carroll Cou nty and served as captain of a company in Price’s army. After the war he came to this county and located near the site of Mike where he lived and farmed successfully until about a year ago on account of mental and physical impairment. He was taken to the hospital at St. Joe to receive the attention his condition demanded.
Captain Stephenson was never married, but he kept house all his life and reared seven orphan children to who he gave the best of care and consideration, many of whom survive him, in addition to two brothers and a half brother and a host of old friends and acquaintances.
Captain Stephenson was perhaps as well known and as liked as any man in the section of the county where he lived since 1865(?). His charity to the helpless young was unbounded, and his fidelity to all friends and the trusts falling upon him, infallible. He was a landmark of the old school--unpretentious, unfaltering in his duty and worthy of the respect and confidence he enjoyed. May he rest in peace thru all eternity. [3]
16 iii. Catherine Ann “Kitty” (1837-1881)
17 iv. Mary Agnes (1839-1896)
18 v. Charles Marcus (1842-1927)
19 vi. William Crawford (1845-1931)
20 vii. LaCurtis Coleman (1846-1910)
On January 10, 1850 when Marcus was 42, he second married Mary Ann MILLER, in Carroll County, Missouri. [4] Born in 1812.
They had the following children:
i. Columbus. Born in 1850.
ii. Lavenia. Born on April 13, 1853 in Missouri. Lavenia died in Missouri on July 1, 1867; she was 14. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri.
iii. Sara Elizabeth “Lizzie”. Born about 1854. Sara Elizabeth “Lizzie” died in September 1885; she was 31.
iv. Tolbert Tipton “Tip”. Born on January 19, 1855 in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri. Tolbert Tipton “Tip” died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on November 29, 1935; he was 80.
v. Letucia. Born on October 8, 1859 in Missouri. Letucia died in Missouri on February 15, 1876; she was 16. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri.
vi. John P. Born on September 17, 1861 in Missouri. John P. died in Missouri on November 23, 1898; he was 37. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri. [68]
July 1897: "The Return of Dick Weemins" (July 1897) published by L. Frank Baum.[69]
John Thurman Pickelsimer14 [Susan D. Cavender13, Emily H. Smith12, Gideon Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. May 10, 1891 in Fannin Co. GA / d. May 1, 1970 in Clayton Co. GA) married Gladys Louise Mains (b. September 7, 1901 in Cumberland Co. MA / d. April 1981 in Henry Co. GA) on July 18, 1919. [70]
July 18, 1929:
18
859
Harrison, Carter H. (Carter Henry), 1860-1953, Exhibition of Paintings From His Collection, July 18-October 14, 1929 .[71]
July 18, 1938
USS Enterprise departed Norfolk, Virginia, United States for her shakedown cruise.
[72]
July 18, 1942: Dannecker telexes Eichmann that the raids will be carried out gby the French police from July 16 to July 18 and it is expected that about 4,000 children will be among those arrested.
Dannecker sets out the main arguments in favor of deportation of these 4,000 children: to prevent promiscuity between them and non-Jewish children under Public Assitance care; and the impossibility that the ‘U
GIF can care for more than 400 of them. Dannecker requests an urgent response to the question of whether, beginning with the tenth convoy (July 24), the 4,000 children can also be deported. These will be children ages 2 to 16, whose fate Premier Laval has said does not interest him. The minimum age for children to be deported is set at two because the Special Commission has exembpted from arrest mothers with children under two and the children themelves. Dannecker further requests an urgent response to a question posed in his July 6 telex; whether beginning with convoy 15, he can deport children under 16 whom Vichy will deliver from the Unoccupied Zone and whom Laval had asked Knochen to deport with their parents.[73]
July 18, 1942
Rothke reports to Berlin by telex the numbers of Jews areested during the raids., Again, he insists that the children be deported; they represent 4 of the 20 loaded transports he is committed to provide. To persuade Eichmann, he makes use of an argument advanced the day before by the French police officials, that is, the considerable difficulties that would be imposed by long term care of the children.
The staff of the prefect of police is alerted by a social work assistant who is trying to arrange some help for the 8,160 Jews, half of them children, held in the Vel d’Hiv. (The final count for the roundup is 13,152 arrests; 4992 adults without children are interned in Drancy, where the prisoner count reaches 6,626, a thousdand more than the camp’s “forced” capacity.) The social work assistant emphasizes the polic’s lack of preparation rfor the arrsts; nothing has been anticipated at the Velodrome, where the assistant has seen “sick shildren, overflowing chamberpots… [and only two doctors.”[74]
On July 18, 1942, Heinrich Himmler promoted Auschwitz camp commandant Rudolf Hess to SS major. He also ordered that the Warsaw ghetto, the Jewish quarter constructed by the Nazis upon the occupation of Poland and enclosed first by barbed wire and then by brick walls, be depopulated—a "total cleansing," as he described it. The inhabitants were to be transported to what became a second extermination camp constructed at the railway village of Treblinka, 62 miles northeast of Warsaw.
Within the first seven weeks of Himmler's order, more than 250,000 Jews were taken to Treblinka by rail and gassed to death, marking the largest single act of destruction of any population group, Jewish or non-Jewish, civilian or military, in the war. Upon arrival at "T. II," as this second camp at Treblinka was called, prisoners were separated by sex, stripped, and marched into what were described as "bathhouses," but were in fact gas chambers. T. II's first commandant was Dr. Irmfried Eberl, age 32, the man who had headed up the euthanasia program of 1940 and had much experience with the gassing of victims, especially children. He was assisted in his duties by several hundred Ukrainian and about 1,500 Jewish prisoners, who removed gold teeth from victims before hauling the bodies to mass graves.
In January 1943, after a four-month hiatus, the deportations started up again. A German SS unit entered the ghetto and began rounding up its denizens—but they did not go without a fight. Six hundred Jews were killed in the streets as they struggled with the Germans. Rebels with smuggled firearms opened fire on the SS troops. The Germans returned fire—machine-gun fire against the Jews' pistol shots. Nine Jewish rebels fell—as did several Germans. The fighting continued for days, with the Jews refusing to surrender and even taking arms from their Germans persecutors in surprise attacks.
Amazingly, the Germans withdrew from the ghetto in the face of the unexpected resistance. They likely did not realize how few armed resisters there were, but the fact that resistance was given at all intimidated them. But there was no happy ending. Before this new incursion into the ghetto was over, 6,000 more Jews were transported to their likely deaths at Treblinka.[75]
Convoy 57, July 18, 1943
There was no Convoy 56, on June 24, 1943, contrary to the Rutkowski story. The file, containing 450 names, is only a projected convoy. Examination of the names shows that they left for Auschwitz in later convoys or were not deported. Once again, the Auschwitz calendar believed that the deportees of this phantom convoy were all gassed, since no trace of them could be found. The report on Brunner’s inspection of Drancy (CCXXI-19; quoted in Convoy 55) probably would have indicated a convoy of June 24 had there been one, since it specifically mentioned the convoy of June 23.
Document CCXXI-19 describes Convoy 57 as “deportation to the East of 1,000 internees, among them many French in origin, and a large number of women and children.” A note of July 17 (DLXII-26) describes the organization of the departure of the convoy.
This was the first routine telex to Eichmann and Auschwitz signed by Brunner, the great master of Drancy beginning at that time. It indicated that the convoy left on July 18 at 9:30 AM for Auschwitz, not from Le Bourget/Drancy, but from Paris/Bobigny, with 1,000 Jews. On July 11, it was Brunner, not Rothke, who telexed Eichmann to ask his agreement for the departure of the convoy. The deportation list took on the appearance that would be maintained until the last convoys: neither place of birth nor nationality was recorded. Brunner knew what Auschwitz was. And while Rothke and Dannecker knew, too, Brunner was more cynical and wished to avoid extra work. So for him it was sufficient to indicate only the i9ndispensable items, first name, family name, date of birth, and profession k that would trick the deportees into believing that they were going to work.
The convoy carried 522 males, 430 females, and 18 undetermined. Of the total, 126 were under 18. The order is more or less alphabetical, but nationality, of course, is not indicated. However, we were able to establish the place of birth for most of the deportees by comparing the list with those obtained in the Ministry for War Veterans.
Henri Bulawko, who was later to be president of the Organization of Jewish Deportees of France, was part of thei convoy. This passage is from his book, Les Jeux la Mort et de L’Espoir (The Games of Death and Hope; pp. 51-3.):L
“Two nights and three days in the sealed freight cars. We were loaded 60 people where 30 would have had difficulty fitting… The train stopped. The door opened suddenly and all the questions were answered, an unexpected answer, unimaginable, inhuman. Brutally the door is pushed open and nightmarish moments followed. Strange people, in striped clothes, jump on the train, like gnomes who have escaped from hell. Behind them, the SS, rifles pointing at us and crying: ‘Los, raus, alles raus, Los’ (Fast, outside, everyone outside, fast).”
Sim Kessel, in Pendu a Auschwitz (Hanged in Auschwitz), also describes this arrival in Auschwitz (p.66):
“Schneller, Schneller.” Faster! How can we go faster? We are falling all over one another, caught in this unexpected ferocity. The women cry under the blows trying to protect their children.”
Upon their arrival, 369 men were selected and assigned numbers 130466 through 130834; 191 women were selected and given numbers 50204 through 50394. The rest of the convoy was immediately gassed.
There were 52 survivors in 1945, 22 of them women.[76]
On Convoy 57 was Wolf Gotliber, born April 14, 1907 in Mlatta. [77]
July 18, 1960: William Claiborne Smith (b. March 20, 1870 / d. July 18, 1960 in GA).[78]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/2011/01/this-day-january-15-in-jewish-history.html
[2] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[3] The Battle for Rome. 11/05/2006
[4] The Divinci Code, National Geographic
[5] Masada, The Naked Archaeologist, 1/09/2006
[6] National Geographic, December 2008, page 55.
[7] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 32.
[8] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 338., Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 52., The Gospel of Judas, NTGEO, 4/9/2006
[9] http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/Christmas_TheRealStory.htm
[10] The Ten Lost Tribes, A World History, Zvi Ben-Dor Banite, page 64.
[11] Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land, by Clarence H. Wagner, Jr. page 200.
[12] * See letter from Throckmorton to Elizabeth, of July 19, 1567.
This letter, preserved in the British Museum (Cotton MSS. Cali-
gula C. I. fol. 18), has been printed by Robertson, Appendix, No.
XXII. Throckmorton says, in speaking of Mary, " I have also
persuaded her to conform herself to renounce Bothwell for her
husband, and to be contented to suffer a divorce to pass betwixt
them ; she has sent me word that she will in noways consent unto
that, but rather die ; grounding herself upon this reason, taking
herself to be seven weeks gone with child, by renouncing Bothwell
she should acknowledge herself to be with child of a bastard, and to
have forfeited her honour ; which she will not do to die for it. I
have persuaded her, to save her own life and her child, to choose
the least hard condition."
[13] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[14] Proposed Descendants of William SMythe.
[15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France
[16] On this day in America, by John Wagman.
[17] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor.
[18] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[19] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
• [20] (Washington-Irvine Corre-
• spondence, p. 372.)
[21] Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield, page 372.
[22] Grace Louisa Francis Smith (b. January 1795, d. date unknown)
Grace Louisa Francis Smith (daughter of Gabriel Smith and Sarah Ann Downs) was born January 1795 in Elbert County, Georgia, and died date unknown. She married Thomas Bishop Nix on March 02, 1820 in Franklin County, Georgia, son of Joseph Nix and Martha Bishop.
Notes for Grace Louisa Francis Smith:
In a860 Grace had five children ($200/$200 property) were ennumerated in Rockdale area; in 1870 she with daughters Martha and Francis, a 27 year old male born in Alabama, $100/$100 property had Milner post office; in 1880 she and Martha were in household of son, Wiley in Halpins, Beat #13. When two properties are valued on census, the 1st is land and the 2nd is personal peroperty. Grace owned land but records may have been destroyed in the mid-1890's.
To clarify names given Grace: Grace in 1850 Census, Louisa F. in 1860 Census and Francis in 1870 and 1880 Census. Thomas is not on census after 1850.
More About Grace Louisa Francis Smith and Thomas Bishop Nix:
Marriage: March 02, 1820, Franklin County, Georgia.
Children of Grace Louisa Francis Smith and Thomas Bishop Nix are:
i.+John Ausin Nix, b. 1822, Franklin County, Georgia, d. Bet. 1865 - 1908, Randolph County, Alabama.
ii.John Nix, b. 1823, d. date unknown.
iii.Unknown Nix, b. 1825, d. date unknown.
iv.Gabriel Nix, b. 1827, d. date unknown.
v.Rebecca Sarah Ann Nix, b. 1829, d. date unknown.
vi.Vesta Nix, b. 1830, d. date unknown.
vii.Minerva Nix, b. 1833, d. date unknown.
viii.Martha A. Nix, b. 1834, d. date unknown.
ix.Mahulda Nix, b. 1836, d. date unknown.
x.Francis Jane Nix, b. 1838, d. date unknown.
xi.Jeremiah J. Nix, b. 1839, d. date unknown.
xii.Wiley A. Nix, b. 1840, Coventon, Walton County, Georgia, d. date unknown.
xiii.Grace Louisa Francis Smith (b. January 1795, d. date unknown)
xiv.Grace Louisa Francis Smith (daughter of Gabriel Smith and Sarah Ann Downs) was born January 1795 in Elbert County, Georgia, and died date unknown. She married Thomas Bishop Nix on March 02, 1820 in Franklin County, Georgia, son of Joseph Nix and Martha Bishop.
xv.
xvi. Notes for Grace Louisa Francis Smith:
xvii.In a860 Grace had five children ($200/$200 property) were ennumerated in Rockdale area; in 1870 she with daughters Martha and Francis, a 27 year old male born in Alabama, $100/$100 property had Milner post office; in 1880 she and Martha were in household of son, Wiley in Halpins, Beat #13. When two properties are valued on census, the 1st is land and the 2nd is personal peroperty. Grace owned land but records may have been destroyed in the mid-1890's.
xviii.
xix.
xx.To clarify names given Grace: Grace in 1850 Census, Louisa F. in 1860 Census and Francis in 1870 and 1880 Census. Thomas is not on census after 1850.
xxi.
xxii.More About Grace Louisa Francis Smith and Thomas Bishop Nix:
xxiii.Marriage: March 02, 1820, Franklin County, Georgia.
xxiv.
xxv.Children of Grace Louisa Francis Smith and Thomas Bishop Nix are:
xxvi.+John Ausin Nix, b. 1822, Franklin County, Georgia, d. Bet. 1865 - 1908, Randolph County, Alabama.
xxvii.John Nix, b. 1823, d. date unknown.
xxviii.Unknown Nix, b. 1825, d. date unknown.
xxix.Gabriel Nix, b. 1827, d. date unknown.
xxx.Rebecca Sarah Ann Nix, b. 1829, d. date unknown.
xxxi.Vesta Nix, b. 1830, d. date unknown.
xxxii.Minerva Nix, b. 1833, d. date unknown.
xxxiii.Martha A. Nix, b. 1834, d. date unknown.
xxxiv.Mahulda Nix, b. 1836, d. date unknown.
xxxv.Francis Jane Nix, b. 1838, d. date unknown.
xxxvi.Jeremiah J. Nix, b. 1839, d. date unknown.
xxxvii.Wiley A. Nix, b. 1840, Coventon, Walton County, Georgia, d. date unknown.
xxxviii.
[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestry_of_Thomas_Jefferson
[24] HarrisonJ
[25] http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/IMPERIAL_GUARD_infantry_1.htm
[26] Ohio Source Records from The Ohio Genealogical Quarterly, page 512.
[27]
Series 4: Harrison Family Correspondence and Miscellaneous Documents, 1637-1954, bulk 1800-1911
This series is primarily made up of letters to and from persons who appear to have been ancestors of Harrison, although there are also a few items (such as a will, letters of introduction, seventeenth and eighteenth century land deeds, and documents concerning military or political appointments), that are not correspondence but which have been included in this series because they relate to Harrison's ancestors. The series also includes: (a) a letter sent to Caroline Owsley from Belle Harvey regarding the Grasshopper Club and other social activities of Harrison's mother, Sophonisba Preston Harrison; (b) three letters sent to William Preston Harrison, Harrison's brother (a response from Rutherford B. Hayes to Preston's request for an autograph, a condolence letter following Harrison's father's assassination, and a thank you note for a complimentary subscription to the Chicago Times); (c) two letters sent by Harrison's son, Carter H. Harrison V, to Russell MacFall following Harrison's death; (d) seventy letters from Ella Lewis to Lucy Brady Cook, Harrison's daughter-in-law; and (e) a letter from James Madison to Robert H. Grayson.
The letters to and from Harrison's ancestors cover a variety of topics, both business and personal, but seem to have been collected by Harrison because they were written by, or sent to, family members, rather than because he was particularly interested in their subject matter. Only a very few of the items in this series contain explanatory annotations by Harrison. Correspondence relating specifically to the genealogy and history of the Harrison Family is gathered in Series 11 (Harrison Family History). Correspondence to or from Harrison's father, Carter H. Harrison III, or Harrison's wife, Edith Ogden Harrison, is arranged separately as well in Series 16-17, and Series 14-15, respectively.
The correspondence in this series is arranged alphabetically by the sender's name. Multiple items within a folder are then arranged chronologically. Documents other than correspondence are arranged alphabetically by the name of the person to whom the document primarily relates.
[28] The McKenney-Hall Portrait Gallery of American Indians, page 328
[29] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[30] wikipedia
[31] wikipedia
[32] http://www.foxtrolley.org/newsletters/2004-3/index.html
[33] http://sites.google.com/site/dsgicemeteries/Home/unknown-soldiers-cemetery
[34] 9/8/2011
[35]
[36] 9/8/2011
[37] September 8, 2011
[38] wikipedia
[39] http://www-tc.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/static/media/transcripts/2011-05-22/804_jacksonsmouth.pdf
[40] The George M. Bedinger Papers in the Draper Manuscript Collection, Transcribed and indexed by Craig L. Heath pg. 231
[41] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.
[42] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[43] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[44] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[45] http://www.streatfield.info/p174.htm
[46] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Custis_Lee
[47] Smithsonian, July/August 2011
[48] [edit] References
1. ^ Booth, Russell H., "Butterfield and 'Taps'". Civil War Times, December 1977, pp. 35–39.
2. ^ "Detailed History of Taps". West-point.org. 1969-07-04. Retrieved 2011-03-23.
3. ^ Pennsylvania in the Civil War
4. ^ a b Villanueva, USAF Master Sergeant Jari A. "History of Taps". Military Funeral Honors Web Page. United States Department of Defense. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
5. ^ "Taps" at the US Military Academy
6. ^ Military Funeral Honors – Burial and Memorial Benefits
7. ^ John C. Tidball, “Second U. S. Artillery,” Nov. 21. 1890, Papers re Second U. S. Artillery, M 727, entry 64, Records of the Office of the Adjutant General, RG, NA, 14–15. See also Tidball, Eugene C., "No Disgrace to my Country: The Life of John C. Tidball", Kent, Kent State University Press, 2002, pp. 250–251.
8. ^ "Tapping the Admiral". Retrieved 2011-03-23.
9. ^ "The Story of 'Taps' – Netlore Archive". Urbanlegends.about.com. 1999-03-26. Retrieved 2011-03-23.
10. ^ "The Origin of "Taps"?". BreakTheChain.org. 2003-04-18. Retrieved 2011-03-23.
11. ^ "The story behind the military song "taps"-Fiction!". Truthorfiction.com. Retrieved 2011-03-23.
12. ^ "Taps" from Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratories
[49] wikipedia
[50] http://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/last.htm
[51] Ohiocivilwar.com/cw57.html
[52] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Lee
[53] http://whitsett-wall.com/Whitsett/whitsett_simeon.htm
[54] http://www.members.tripod.com/~penningtons/scv1.htm
[55] http://www.members.tripod.com/~penningtons/scv1.htm
[56] The Complete Guide to Bostons Freedon Trail by Charles Bahne page 9-10. Photo by Jeff Goodlove November 14, 2009
[57] HarrisonJ
[58] SOURCE, Benjamin F. Gue, Biographies And Portraits Of The Progressive Men Of Iowa, Volume 1, p. 107
Posted by Jim Miller at 10:51 PM No comments:
http://civilwarnotebook.blogspot.com/search/label/24th%20IA%20INF
[59] Winans, David C. Age 19. Residence Springville, nativity Ohio. Enlisted Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered Sept. 3, 1862. Promoted Sixth Corporal June 20, 1864. Mustered out July 17, 1865. http://iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logan/mil508.htm
24th Iowa Volunteer Regiment Reenactment
http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ia/county/linn/civil_war/24th/24th_re-enactment.htm
[60] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[61] Rock Island, Arsenal, National Historic Landmark brochure, Rock Island Historical Society, Rock Island, Illinois
[62] Jim Funkhouser email,
[63] (Roster of 24th Iowa Infantry; Formed in Linn County, Iowa, Transcibed by; Donald Cope) http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ia/county/linn/civil war/24th/24 indx.htm
[64] Pvt. Miller, 24th Iowa Volunteer, http://home.comcast.net/~troygoss/millbk3.html
[65] Winton Goodlove:A History of Central City Ia and the Surrounding Area Book ll 1999
[66] wikipedia
[67] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[68] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[69] wikipedia
[70] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[71]
Series 10: Printed Invitations and Souvenirs, 1883-1952
This series primarily consists of printed invitations, menus, and other souvenirs that Harrison collected as mementos of various dinners, receptions, and other functions that he attended. In addition, this series also includes various political mementos, including a humorous excursion ticket that mentions Carter H. Harrison III, and admission tickets to political conventions. Catalogues from exhibitions where items from Harrison's art collection were shown, or in which he otherwise had a special interest, as well as a set of club by-laws from Les Rosettes et Rubans de France, are also arranged in this series. A few of the items contain handwritten notes by Harrison that provide some background information about the event to which the item in question pertains.
The items in this series are arranged alphabetically by the name of the person, place or event to which they relate.
[72] http://www.theussenterprise.com/battles.html
[73] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 39.
[74] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 43.
[75] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germans-resume-deportations-from-warsaw-to-treblinka
[76] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 434-435.
[77] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 438.
[78] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
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