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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004
Birthdays on July 4…
Blanche E. Hannah
Buckingham
Bertha M. LeClere Kirkwood
Margaret M. LeClere
Childers
John A. Plum
William G. Smith
Ethel L. Squires Willard
Samuel A. Taylor
July 4th, 1534 - Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye. [1]
July 4, 1546: – Catherine Parr’s auditors are ordered by the privy council to produce her estate books. She fears heresy charges may be brought but submits to Henry on matters of religion and the danger passes. [2]
July 4, 1570: M. de Poigny arrives in London, on the part of Charles IX, to negotiate about setting at liberty the Queen of Scots. He obtains two audiences of Elizabeth, but is unable to come to any settlement, and is not even permitted to go into Scotland. [3]
July 4, 1579: To THE Archbishop of Glasgow. [4]
From Chats worth, the 4th July, [1579.]
I must tel you that, considering the strait captivité, wherein my sonne is deteaned, with danger of his lyfe, and the perseutes which be most instantly maid amongst them that are about him, and the Queen of England, to assure herself, be some mariage at ther common devotion, and to prevent it, which they are advertist, is in treating with my lordis my parents, afore they put him to liberty, I am resolute to essay at extreme remedy, as the extremity of the il presseth me,
and requireth the same ; which is to require, for the last tyme, the king, my good brother, the queen-mother, and my saidis parentis to provyde promptly, and without whatsomever delay, for the liberty of my said sonne, throw the moyen, whereof they have heretofore made me such ouverteur, as, I think, I have given them sufficient recompence of, be the alliance that hath bene proposed to them ; and if therein they
find greater difficulty then advantage for themselfis, I desyre not to treat in it any farther, nor require them of any thing above there forces and good will ; considering that this doing I set myself heir in danger of lyfe, and of the richt, which perteaneth me within this realme, where al straingers, chiefly the Frenche, are so odious and hayted [of] every one. Now then, if hereunto they be délibérât to guf eare, it will be nedeful they unit and joyne the Stewartis presently ofl^ended at the Erie of Athol's empoysonment,*[5] the Hammiltons,
persecute most cruelly be the Erie of Morton, and those that without other respect, are practised, or remains at my devotion, establishing a good and seur intelligence amongst them for the reuyne of ther common ennemy ; whereunto I beleif they micht be easily brocht, if, to that end, ther war imployed some personnage without passion either to the one or the other, such as I think Kobert Melvin is, who hes already begun to deale in the matter. In the mean tyme, they being al togither
not strong enough to hold the cuntrey at ther devotion ; nor zit therin to kepe my sonne, nor to transport him, without ther whole ruynes, they must be helped and supported with two or three [thousand] Frenche hagbutars, who may be maid pas, at such place and tyme, as be them will be appointed ; and of such support I will be certainly assured, afore al other negotiation in Scotland, for els therein shold our travel be in vayne, and the interteynment, wherewith until now I have bene fed, by dyvers delayis and objections, can have no yssue but to discover such as remayne my faithful subjectis, whom I wold not discover, and far les engage on vayne hope without any effect. Wherefor must I now charge yow most expresly to draw hereon a laitar and final resolu-
tion, which cannot longer be differed, for want of knowledge of the Scottismens intention ; for I am assured of ther good willis and debvoir, as more particularly .... may understand at Kobert Bruce his returne, and no more excuses can be founded on that syde. As to the voyage of Montague let be that I find him not much practised in Scottis affairs, nor zit in credit amongst my subjectis, I am of advyse nether
to send him thither, nor any other until that the accès be more fre toward my sonne, in so far as presently no man shal be admitted to his presence without approving and acknowledgeing him for king, whereunto I wil in no wayis consent, for dyvers richt great and important considerations, principally not to ratefy al which hath past under that fais pretext ; and if I wil gif him that title, it will be to the effect he hold it of me in vertu of another declaration more fre and voluntary nor it whereof my rebels wold prevaile and help themselfis. ^ow if I cannot so promptly be resolved of that which until this.
was made me look for of France, for the preservation of my sonne his person, and his reduction, it seames unto me, that, remaning justly discharged before God and the world, of my obligations to the Catholic Churche, and to the princes therof, be the continuel and long scutes which I have maid to every one of them, I may presently, without forfending them, provyde for the most urgent nécessite of my affaires, be some good agreement with this queen ; wherein I wil enter heir
al thing is thereunto being disposed. And to the end that the king my good brother conceyve heiron no miscontentment if any thing cum to his knowledge, assure him, in my name, that I will conclude nothing without respect to our ancient alliance, and without that I be constrained in it for want of his support. But in treuth I mynd to enter in treaty within few day is, and will not cease till either in one fasson or other, I delyver my sonne and perhaps also myself furth of these
miserable captivitys where we are. Ther be already ouverturs made unto me of two or thre mariages for him in this realme, be one of the which, and some other conditions, I hope to moyen a richt sure intelligence and good friendship with this queen, and the principals of the realme, specially of her counsal, who altogither desyre to fortify themselfis of me and my sonne against al strangers. I wil not informe you on this propos of ther intention touching the Duke d'Alençon his voyage here away and the feare which many have of richt great insurrections, to the end I be not sene contrareing that which can bring me no damage.
Leicester and Haton are maryed secretly, which hath so
offended this queen, that it is thocht she hath bene led, upon
such miscontentment, to agre unto the sicht of the Duke
d'Alençon, notwithstanding she had differred thre whol day is,
with an extreme regrete, and many tearis, afore she wold subscryve the pasport, being induced therunto, and almost forced be those that have led this negotiation in dispyte of the said Leicester. And to tel you in one word, the division is so far rooted amongst the principals here, and every one so much irritât for dyvers respectis, over long to be deduced, that, since this regne, the occasion hath not bene so prepared to hold them occupyed at home from medling with the affairs of
their next neighbours. I will provyde for this parlement, which is sayd shold be holden in September, the people not willing it shold be difFerred any longar, nor that more delay shold be maid in ordor taking for the succession of their queue ; seing her furth of al espérance ever to have children. The voyage of Nau has served me much as wel in this realme as in Scotland. For albeit he has not sene my sonne, for not acknowledgeing him for king (which I had forsene before his
parting from hence), he hath communicat with dyvers of my faithful subjectis, and be them understand the whole estate of the affaires of this countrey ; amongst the rest be my Lordis Seton and Ogilvy, whom he hath particularly informed of my intention on al that may concern my service in those partis. He hath taken ordor to mak close the perseute
made aganist the Hammiltons, and under my sonnis authorite to assure my faithful subjectis with some ouverture of home calling the banished. So that within short space I hope to have hereof some good answer. He tellis me he could not have any communication be tong with Kobert Bruce, seing himself so vigilantly observed, that he was constrayned to
remit him to mak him understand be letter what he had negotiat there for my service. But with al this have I beneadvertist that my Lord of Athol, a litle before his death, had some il opinion of him, in such sorte as many have since made difficultie to medle with him. Every one assures me that my sonne recognoscis infinitly his debvore towardis me, and that the poor chylde dar not shew it in the captivité he is, fearing therthrow, as there is great appearance, the hasard of his lyfe. He was thre dyvers tymes at counsal, upon the recept of Nau,
mainteaning be advyse that the superscription of my letter,bearing without any other style, to my sonne, micht suffise unto them, and often tymes asked them if the title of king stayed him to be my sonne, and I his mother, in such sorte as the counsal had ones yealded unto him, and Nau wold have bene on the next day admitted, without the messinger whom TuUibarden made run al that night to Morton, advertising
him that al the counsale did favor that visitation, if he came not in extreme diligence to empesche the same be his presence. And in effect, Morton made such haste that from thretty-six myle long he arrived at two hourls efter dinner at Stirling, where sodanly he made change the first deliberation in such answer as if the said Nau wold cum agane with letters from me geaving my sonne the title of king, he and his counsall shold receave him with al the favour they could, but that
without this recognossence my sonne wold not in any wyse recognosce his commissions, or cause treat with him be any of his said counsal, who oiFred unto him al courtoisy for his awin particulare, if he wold set asyde the charge he had of me. Hereupon Nau made meanes under thome that a gentilman of who was with him micht kys my sonnis handis ; but my sonne had no sooner layd his hand in this gentleman^s sholder then he was drawin be the sleif, in sorte that he could not speik unto him one sillabe only. Be this may every one know the feare which these tratours have of my sonnis good nature toward me ; and, if that Nau had had liberty to have spokin with him, if such visitation had not disfavoured their faction, which faileth daily, and, zit, notwithstanding, doeth, as one very nere his end, at his most strong effectis, not knowing more on what syde to turne him. For it is not in the powar of any prince on lyfe to maintene them any whyle longar against the people and so many of the nobilite, who hayt to death their tyranny and unjust au thorite. They have promised to bring my sonne to Edinburch within a moneth or two at leatest, al the cuntrey making
therefor an extreme and continuel instance. But I cannot leve it, if before they find not out some meanis to be assured of him, and to prevent, as I have said, the practikis which they know to be in wriking with strangers. Heirin I must lament the intelligence that these here have so great, as wel in France as in Scotland ; nothing almost being treated for my service in any of them, but that they are incontinent
advertist of it, as I have learned be their letters speachis, and
cheifly for my sonne his marriage with the Princesse of Lorraine, whereof they know the whol negotiation as wel with France as Spain.
The fourth of July, at Chattisworth.
Endorsed: — Received the 23rd September, 1579. [6]
July 4, 1584: Fontenay, (brother to Nau, and clerk of the Queen of Scots' council) arrives from France, at Leith, in the character of envoy from Mary and the Duke of Guise to James VI. He remained some
time at Leith before he could obtain permission to appear at court.
After some difficulty Fontenay was received at the Scottish court, but only in the character of a gentleman in the service of the king's mother. He presented his letters of credence to James VI in person,
and had several private interviews with that prince.
Fontenay's mission was attended by no result of importance ; however, he sent to Mary letters from the young king, and a minutely detailed account of his negotiations.'^ [7][8]
July 4, 1609: Bohemia is granted freedom of religion in the same year as that in which Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel also known as the Maharal, one of the most famous Jewish scholars and educators from Prague passed away. “Rabbi Loew published more than 50 religious and philosophical books and became the center of legends, as the mystical miracle worker who created the Golem. The Golem is an artificial man made of clay that was brought to life through magic and acted as a guardian over the Jews. The Maharal had positive relations with Rudolph II and was even invited to his castle. [5][9]
October 20, 1614 – July 4, 1642 Her Most Christian Majesty The Queen Mother
Ancestry[edit]
[show]Ancestors of Marie de' Medici
Giovanni de' Medici il Popolano
Giovanni dalle Bande Nere
Caterina Sforza
Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Jacopo Salviati
Maria Salviati
Lucrezia de' Medici
Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba
Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga
Isabel de Zúñiga y Pimentel
Eleanor of Toledo
Luis Pimentel, 1st Marquis of Villafranca
Maria Osorio, 2nd Marquise of Villafranca
Juana Osorio, 1st Marquise of Villafranca
Marie de Médici
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Philip I of Castile
Mary of Burgundy
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Joanna of Castile
Isabella I of Castile
Archduchess Joanna of Austria
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary
Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria
Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale
Anna of Foix-Candale
Infanta Catherine of Navarre
See also[edit]
Portal icon
Kingdom of France portal
Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses
House of Medici
Bibliography[edit]
Helga Hübner and Eva Regtmeier (2010), Maria de' Medici: eine Fremde; hrsg. v. Dirk Hoeges. (Dialoghi/Dialogues: Literatur und Kultur Italiens und Frankreichs; Band 14). Frankfurt: Peter Lang ISBN 978-3-631-60118-1
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lawrence, Cynthia Miller (1997). Women and Art in Early Modern Europe: Patrons, Collectors, and Connoisseurs. Pennsylvania State Univ Pr. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-271-01568-2.
Jump up ^ Lawrence, Cynthia Miller (1997). Women and Art in Early Modern Europe: Patrons, Collectors, and Connoisseurs. Marie de Médici's Patronage of Art and Architecture: Pennsylvania State Univ Pr. ISBN 978-0-271-01568-2.
Jump up ^ Leonie Frieda (14 March 2006). Catherine de Medici: Renaissance Queen of France. HarperCollins. pp. 386–. ISBN 978-0-06-074493-9. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
Jump up ^ THE AMERICAN CYCLOPEADIA. 1874. pp. 671–. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Herman, Eleanor (2005). Sex with Kings: 500 Years of Adultery, Power, Rivalry, and Revenge. p. 80.
Jump up ^ Princess Michael of Kent. The Serpent and the Moon: Two Rivals for the Love of a Renaissance King, Simon and Schuster, 13 September 2005. Index. Princess Michael Descent Chart
External links[edit]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maria de' Medici.
Rubens cycle of paintings apotheosizing Marie de Medici Definitive statements of Baroque art.
National Maritime Museum
Drawing by Claes Cornelisz. Moeyaert the entrance of Maria de Medici in Amsterdam
Festival Books
Wikisource-logo.svg "Maria de' Medici". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
Life of Marie dei Médicis. Engravings after Rubens from the De Verda Collection
French royalty
Preceded by
Margaret of Valois
Queen consort of Navarre
1600–1610
Succeeded by
Anne of Austria
Queen consort of France
1600–1610[10]
Queen consort of France
1600–1610[11]
July 4, 1627: Grindavík
The leader of one of the raids was Jan Janszoon, also known as Murat Reis the younger, a Dutch pirate who operated from Salé. In 1627 he hired a Danish slave (most likely a crew member captured on a Danish ship taken as a pirate prize) to pilot him and his men to Iceland, where they raided the fishing village of Grindavík. Their takings were meagre, only some salted fish and a few hides, but they also captured twelve Icelanders and three Danes who happened to be in the village. When they were leaving Grindavík they managed to trick and capture a Danish merchant ship that was passing by means of flying a false flag.
The ships then sailed to Bessastaðir, seat of the Danish governor of Iceland, to raid there but were unable to make a landing - it is said they were thwarted by cannon fire from the local fortifications (Bessastaðaskans) and a quickly mustered group of lancers from the Suðurnes.[1] and decided to turn away and sail home to Salé, where their captives were sold as slaves.
Austfirðir
The second group of raiders came to Hvalsnes in Southeastern Iceland on July 4 and raided the fjords north of there for a week, capturing livestock, silver and other goods, in addition to 110 Icelanders. They also captured a Danish merchant ship and sank it. North of Fáskrúðsfjörður they hit strong winds and decided to turn around and sail along the south coast of Iceland. Around that time, another pirate ship joined them, and they also captured an English fishing vessel. [12]
July 4, 1653: Establishment of Barebones Parliament: 1653
After the dissolution of the Rump, power passed temporarily to a council that debated what form the constitution should take. They took up the suggestion of Major-General Thomas Harrison for a "sanhedrin" of saints. Although Cromwell did not subscribe to Harrison's apocalyptic, Fifth Monarchist beliefs—which saw a sanhedrin as the starting point for Christ's rule on earth—he was attracted by the idea of an assembly made up of men chosen for their religious credentials. In his speech at the opening of the assembly on July 4, 1653, Cromwell thanked God’s providence that he believed had brought England to this point and set out their divine mission: "truly God hath called you to this work by, I think, as wonderful providences as ever passed upon the sons of men in so short a time."[88] Sometimes known as the Parliament of Saints or more commonly the Nominated Assembly, it was also called the Barebones Parliament after one of its members, Praise-God Barebone. The assembly was tasked with finding a permanent constitutional and religious settlement (Cromwell was invited to be a member but declined). [13]
July 4, 1670: Princess Henrietta of England
Henrietta of England
Duchess of Orléans
Henrietta Anne, Duchess of Orleans by Pierre Mignard.jpg
Painting by Mignard
Spouse
Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans
Detail
Issue
Marie Louise, Queen of Spain
Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia
House
House of Stuart
Father
Charles I of England
Mother
Henrietta Maria of France
Born
June 16, 1644
Bedford House, Exeter, England
Died
June 30, 1670(1670-06-30) (aged 26)
Château de Saint Cloud, France
Burial
July 4, 1670
Royal Basilica of Saint Denis, France
Religion
Church of England
Roman Catholic
Princess Henrietta of England (Henrietta; June 16, 1644 (26 June n.s.) – June 30, 1670) was born a Princess of England and Scotland as the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England and his consort Henrietta Maria of France. Fleeing England with her governess at the age of three, she moved to the court of her first cousin Louis XIV of France, where she was known as Minette.[1] After she married Philippe of France, brother of King Louis XIV, known as Monsieur at court, she became known as Madame.[2] Very popular with the court in no small part due to her flirtatious nature, her marriage was marked by frequent tensions.[3] Henrietta was instrumental in negotiating the Secret Treaty of Dover prior to her unexpected death in June 1670. Jacobite claims to the throne of Great Britain following the death of Henry Benedict Stuart descend from her through her daughter Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia.
Henrietta was interred at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis on July 4, another service was held on July 21. All chief public bodies including the Parliament, courts of Law, Assembly of the Clergy and the City Corporations were represented, as well as members of the nobility and general public. Queen Maria Theresa was present with the king of Poland, John II Casimir, and the English Ambassador, the Duke of Buckingham. French Princes of the blood were present as well as masses of the nobility. [14]
July 4, 1728: Andrew Harrison, of Spotsylvania County,
Virginia, to Richard Fitz William, Esq., in trust for himself, the Honble Win. Gooch, His Majesties Lieut. Governor, Captain Vincent Pearse, Dr. Geo. Nicholas & Charles Chlswill, £70 currency; 600 acres in Spotsylvania County and sd land purchased by the sd Harrison, of Harry”Beverley, the sd land having been granted by patent to the sd Beverley.”
Witnesses: William Wombwell Cliff, Thos. Jarman, Augustine Graham. Recorded July 4, 1728.29.[15]
July 4, 1754
The British army marches out of Fort Necessity dragging their wounded with them. They destroy what supplies they cannot carry and that would be of use to the French and their Indian allies. Around 10 a.m., Washington and Mackay start their men on the cart track back to Wills Creek (present day Cumberland Maryland). The French destroy any supplies that the British have left behind and are not portable and then burn the stockade to the ground. They then begin their march back to Fort Duquesne.[16]
July 4, 1754: The French commander professed to have no other purpose than to avenge JumonviHe's "assassination" and to prevent any
•'establishment" by the English upon the French dominions. Hence,
the articles of capitulation agreed on, allowed the English forces to
retire without insult or outrage from the French or Indians, to take
with them all their baggage and stores, except artillery, the Eng-
lish colors to be struck at once, and at day-break next morning
(July 4th,) the garrison to file out of the fort and march with colors
hying, drums beating, and one swivel gun. They were also allowed
to conceal such of their effects, as by reason of the loss of their
oxen and horses they could not take with them, and to return for
them hereafter, upon condition that they would not again attempt
any establishment there, or elsewhere west of the mountains. The
English were to return to Fort Du Quesne the officers and cadets
taken at the ''assassination" of Jumonville, as hostages for which
stipulation, Captains Van Braam and Stobo were given up to the
French, as we have before related.
Such was, in substance, the terms of the surrender of "Fort Ne-
cessity." But so powerless in all the physicale of military move-
ment had Washington become, that nothing could be carried
off but the arms of the men. and what little of other articles were
indispensible for their march to Wills' creek. Even the wounded
and sick had to be carried by their fellows. All the swivels were
left. These were the "artillery," which the French required to be
given up. It is said that Washington got the French commander
to agree to destroy them. This was not done as to some of them —
perhaps they were only spiked ; for in long after years, emigrants
found and used several of them there. Eventually they were
carried off to Kentucky to aid in protecting the settlers of the
"bloody ground."
The French took possession of the fort, and demolished it on the
nioraing of the 4th of July, a day afterwards to become as glorious-
ly memorable in the recollections of Washington, as now it was
gloomy.
Washington's loss in the action, out of the Virginia regiment,
was twelve killed and forty-three wounded. Captain Mackay's loss-
es were never reported. The French say they lost three killed and
seventeen wounded.
The French, apprehensive that the long expected reinforcements
to Washington might come upon them, hastily retired from the
scene on the same day, marching "two leagues," or about six
miles. On the 5th they passed Washington's abandoned entrenchment at Gist's, after demolishing it and burning all the contiguous houses.[17]
July 4, 1754: Stewart’s Crossings is one of the historic spots of Fayette County, Pa. In 1753 William Stewart located there, about the same time that Christopher Gist built his cabin at Mount Braddock. Stewart chose a ford on the Yiogheny where the old Catawba Indian trail from the Iroquois country crossed that river. Erecting his cabin on the southwest bank of the stream, he lived on the site of the present village of New Haven. That autumn Maj. George Washington crossed at this place, bearing the famous message from Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia to the French officers on the upper Allegheny. The next year Washington, with his Virginia soldiers, did not advance as far as Stewart’s Crossings; but his French opponent Sieur de Jumonville, must have crossed at this spot when endeavoring to gain information of the English situation. After the surrender of Fort Necessity (July 4, 1754), Coulon de Villiers, the victor, retired to Gist’s place and ordered all the cabins of English settlers to be burned. William Stewart’s home shared the common fate, and he retreated to the Eastern settlements, leaving his name attached to the crossing of the Youghiogheny. Braddock’s Road led over this crossing; but that general himself forded the stream (1755) a mile or two below. In 1765 Col. William Crawford took possession of the place. Thither, the next year, he brought his family and established his permanent home. It is to his services that Hand here refers. On his death his son John fell heir to the Stewart Crossings estate, which in 1786 he sold to Edward Cook. The latter sold to Col. Isaac Meason, whose son built a store and in 1796 laid out the town of New Haven. The site of Stewart’s Crossings is now a busy one, leading to the populous city of Connellsville on the northeast bank of the stream. William Stewart was living in 1786, and testified to his early occupation of this site.—ED
July 4, 1774: St. Clair to Governor Penn, dated July 4th, in which the former says, "With such officers as Cresap no good can be expected; so that it is very doubtful all attempts to preserve the tranquility of the country will be fruitless."
It has been already mentioned that Col. McDonald was ordered to march with a force of about five hundred men to Wheeling, and thence into the Indian country west of the Ohio. Under these orders he marched to the Muskingum, where he surprised the Indians and punished them sufficiently to induce them to sue for peace, though it was believed that their request was but a treacherous one, designed only to gain time for the collection of a larger body of warriors to renew the hostilities.
But the main forces mustered by Dunmore for the invasion of the Indian country were a detachment to move down the Ohio from Pittsburgh, under the Governor in person, and another body of troops under Gen. Andrew Lewis,[18] which was rendezvoused at Camp Union, now Lewisburg, Greenbrier Co., Va. These two columns were to meet for cooperation at the mouth of the Great Kanawha River. Under this general plan Governor Dunmore moved from Williamsburg to Winchester and to Fort Cumberland, thence over the Braddock road to Fort Pitt, which in the mean time had been named by his partisans, in his honor, Fort Dunmore. From there he proceeded with his forces down the Ohio River, and arrived at Fort Fincastle (the stockade work which had then recently been built according to his directions at Wheeling) on the 30th of September. Maj. (afterwards colonel) William Crawford, of Stewart's Crossings on the Youghiogheny, was one of Dunmore's principle officers, and stood high in the favor of his lordship.[19]
July 4, 1776: On July 4, 1776 the newly written Declaration of Independence was read to the Continental Congress in the State House in Philadelphia. [20]
July 4, 1776
Declaration of Indedpendence adopted at Philadelphia by the Continental Congress.[21][22]
The Hessians by Edward Lowell
• “He is at this Time, transporting large Armies of foreign mercenaries to compleat the Works of Death, Desolation, and Tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and Persidy, fearcely parralleled in the most barbarous Ages and totally unworthy the head of civilized nations.”
• The Declaration of Independence, July 4th 1776.
When the Declaration of Independence was signed, about 2,500 Jews, out of a population of 2,500,000 Americans, lived in the former colonies. They had changed as America changed around them. The opening up of a new land, the unleashing of democratic forces for institution building, and new ideas about individual choice profoundly influenced the Jews as it didi all Americans. The Jews who lived through the tumultuous decades of revolution and nation building did so mindful fo their piecemeal acceptance and relative equality and ever mindful of the restrictions that had early on been placed on them. Just as Americans were liberating themselves from British rule and creating new governemental forms, so too were Jews beginning the process of building new communitites as they participated in building a new America.[23]
July 4, 1776: Congress ratified the Declaration of Independence and distributed the document.[52] Historians have considered it to be one of Jefferson's major achievements; the preamble is considered an enduring statement of human rights that has inspired people around the world.[53] Its second sentence is the following:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
This has been called "one of the best-known sentences in the English language",[54] containing "the most potent and consequential words in American history".[55] The passage came to represent a moral standard to which the United States should strive. This view was notably promoted by Abraham Lincoln, who based his philosophy on it, and argued for the Declaration as a statement of principles through which the United States Constitution should be interpreted.[56] Intended also as a revolutionary document for the world, not just the colonies, the Declaration of Independence was Jefferson's assertion of his core beliefs in a republican form of government.[49] The Declaration became the core document and a tradition in American political values. It also became the model of democracy that was adopted by many peoples around the world. Abraham Lincoln once referred to Jefferson's principles as "..the definitions and axioms of a free society..".[57] [24]
1776 The British colonies in North America emerge as the United States of America. American Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, is adopted and signed on July 4 in Philadelphia by members of the Continental Congress. It proclaims, among other things, that “all men are created equal”. Jewish population estimated between 1,000 to 2,500.[25]
On July 4, 1776 the Continental Congress under leadership of John Hancock declared independence. Fighting continued until 1781 when the British were defeated by Americans and French at Yorktown. In the Treaty of Paris in 1783 Britain agreed to recognise American independence. King George took the loss badly and considered abdication before facing the political and military realities. 1788 he suffered his first attack of insanity (now believed to be the result of the inherited disease porphyria) which was to plague him for the rest of his life. His son George, Prince of Wales, was made temporary regent an arrangement which became permanent in 1810.
In 1789 France was shaken by revolution and King Louis XVI guillotined in 1793. Britain was once more at war
with France. Attempted revolution by Catholics and French troops in Ireland was crushed and eventually union
with Ireland was passed in 1801. By 1803 Napoleon Bonaparte was assembling a fleet for the invasion of England, but the French fleet was defeated by Admiral Horatio Nelson at the Battle Trafalgar in 1805. Napoleon defeated the Russians at Austerlitz but was forced to withdraw from Moscow by the Russian winter. The battles continued with the Peninsular War in which the British fought to drive the French from Spain. Napoleon was eventually defeated by British and German forces at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. [26]
July 4, 1776: Brodhead. Colonel Daniel Brodhead. (1736-1809). Born in Ulster County, NY, died in Milford, PA. He had been a delegate from Berks County to the PA convention in 1775 and commissioned as a lieutenant colonel July 4, 1776.[27]
July 4-9, 1777
From the 4th up to the 9th, this entire army was embarked with everything that was necessary for the expedition at Decker’s Ferry, Cole’s Ferry, Simonsen’s Ferry, and Reisen’s Ferry on Staten Island[28].
July 4, 1782
The following extracts from American newspapers and a British periodical refer to Crawford’s campaign:
“It is reported, that a party of about 500 volunteers, who marched under the command of Colonel Crawford, from the neighborhood of Fort Pitt, against an Indian settlement called Sanduski, were attacked within nine miles of that place, and were obliged to retire. When the last accounts came from them they were at Muskingham, and it is said about thirty of the party are killed and wounded. Colonel Crawford is missing.[29]
July 4, 1782
… on the 22d about seven o’clock in the morning, being the fourth day of July, arrived safe, though very much fatigued at the Fort.[30]
July 4, 1782
Next day came to Stillwater, a small river, in a branch of which I got two small crawfish to eat. Next night I lay within five miles of Whelling, but had not slept a wink during this whole time, being rendered impossible by the mospuitoes, which it was my constant employment to brush away.[31]
July 4, 1788: Franklin was too sick and weak to get out of bed, but the Independence Day parade in Philadelphia marched right under his window. And, as Franklin himself had directed, ‘the clergy of different Christian denominations, with the rabbi of the Jews, walked arm in arm. And when he was carried to his grave two years later, his casket was accompanied by all the clergymen of the city, every one of them, of every faith.”[32]
July 4, 1782: Having wandered alone in the wilderness three weeks, Dr. Knight safely arrived at Fort Pitt on the morning of July 4th, 1782, at 7 o'clock, weak, fatigued, and in a sad plight. "This moment," wrote Gen. Irvine to Gov. Moore, of Pennsylvania, " Dr. Knight arrived, the surgeon I sent with the volunteers to Sandusky. He was several days in the hands of the Indians, but fortunately made his escape front his keeper, who was conducting him to another settlement to be burnt."[33]
July 4, 1795: Neighboring Warrant July 4, 1795 to Wm. McCormack (on other side of river). [34]
Benjamin Harrison is the 5th Great Granduncle of the compiler.
1795 - Indenture between Benjamin Harrison, Morgan Vanmeter, Jeremiah Robinson, John Wall, Sr. and Henry Coleman, Trustees of Cynthiana, and George Hamilton. [35]
Summer, 1795
"The first white man known to have settled here in the present limits of Clark County, were David Lowry and Jonathan Donnel. (See Theopholis Mckinnon, 1802) Mr. Lowry came to Ohio from Pennsylvania in the spring of 1795, and immediately engaged at Cincinnati to serve for three months as assistant in carrying provisions for the western army, under Gen. Anthony Wayne. At the expiration of this service, he joined a surveying party under Israel Ludlow (partner to Mathias Denman in forming the town of Cincinnati). The object of this company was to lay off the Government lands of the Miami country into sections for entry and sale, the land office being located at Fort Washington, or the village of Cincinnati. It was late on Saturday evening, in the forepart of the summer of 1795, that the company came to a place on Mad River, near to what was afterward called the Broad Ford, and not far from the present village of Enon, where they remained till the following Monday. During the intervening time, Mr. Lowry and Jonathan Donnel who was one of the party, wandered about viewing the surrounding country.
They managed to cross to the opposite side of the river, where they became highly pleased with the rich alluvial soil, in which their feet sank over their shoes as they walked.
The majestic trees, which stood thick upon the ground, furnished a continuous shade, and they passed over the broad bottom land to the rising ground where Donnel's Creek breaks through the hills into the bottom lands of Mad River. They wandered along the margin of the hills extending east, where they beheld for the first time the beautiful springs of clear water, from which they afterward drank during so many years of their lives. They became so highly pleased with this delightful scenery in its wild and uncultivated state, that they both determined, if possible, to make it their future home. They resolved to say nothing to their companions of what they had discovered. The whole party set out on Monday morning, and, when their survey was completed, returned to Cincinnati. While at Cincinnati after their surveying excursion, Lowry and Donnel learned that a man by the name of Patten Shorts had purchased and entered all that beautiful section of country with which they were so highly delighted, and that Shorts was in want of a surveyor to aid him in fixing the boundaries of his land.
Mr. Lowry urged his friend Donnel to offer his services and take the "golden opportunity," as Mr. Lowry said to possess the favorite land they both so much coveted. Donnels entered upon the work with Shorts, and while thus engaged purchased for himself and Lowry the land they admired, and, in the fall of 1795, Donnel and Lowry established themselves on their lands, Lowry's choice being near the mouth of Donnel Creek, thus named for him by his friend Donnel. The home of Mr. Donnel was farther east, where a large spring gushes from the hillside, and runs across the rich and broad bottom-laud of Mad River.
The new settlers found the woods filled with bear, deer, wild turkeys and other wild game. After the erection of their houses with the aid of no other tools than an ax and an auger, they took up their residence in the great wilderness of Ohio, being the first known white citizens within the present limits of Clark County. There are doubtless some who will remember the comfort and contentment afforded to the occupants of these primitive houses, such as were erected by Lowry and Donnel; erected within a few days to last for a whole life time; how the door, made of a few split boards, often squeaked with a peculiar coarse noise as the latch-string was pulled, and the door swung open upon its rude wooden hinges.
These houses were quite dry and warm in winter, and their thick logs rendered them cool during the heat of summer. The ample fire-place and chimney afforded sufficient ventilation for health, and some of Ohio's brightest sons have gained the foundation of their greatness by study before their ample log fires. After Lowry and Donnel had thus prepared a shelter for themselves and families, they commenced the work of providing bear and deer meat for food during the winter. In the course of this winter, Lowry killed seventeen bears, and during the course of his life thought he had killed as many as a thousand deer.
The new settlers found themselves in the midst of the Shawnee Indians, of whom Tecumseh was the chief. Their camp fires were often built near the cabins of Lowry and Donnel, and they managed to live with them on terms of friendship, and they frequently exchanged with each other such articles as each had to spare. Lowry spent much of his time in hunting with them, and they would often spend several days and nights in the woods together; and when Mr. Lowry would sometimes get lost in the wilderness, they would convey him to his cabin again, and by their many acts of kindness toward him convinced him of the sincerity of their kindness and friendship. On one occasion, however, they took offense at him, on account of his superior skill while engaged with them in their favorite sport of wrestling, and loaded a gun with the seeming intention of shooting him, but Lowry displayed so much courage at their threats, that their wrath was turned into the most extravagant demonstrations of admiration, while they took him up in their arms and carried him about the camp, exclaiming "Brave man! brave man!"[36]
1795
Isaac Zane was one of the sworn interpreters at the making of Wayne’s treaty at Greenville, in 1795. He stood high in the estimation of the Wyandots, who assigned him a tract of land four miles square at the Big Bottom on Mad River. This reservation was not stipulated in the treaty, and he after ward petitioned Congress to confirm the grant. Being in the Virginia Military District, the confirmation could not be made, but the President was empowered to convey by patent to Zane three sections, which he could select from any unsold lands in the Northwest Territory. Two of the sections selected were sold land in the Northwest Territory. Two of the sections were on King’s Creek, east of the Urbana and West Liberty road, embracing now on Kingston Mills; the third, at the mouth of King’s Creek, on Mad River. [37]
July 4, 1798: Deed: David Cutlip – July 4, 1798
- Greenbrier Co., (W)VA - 150 acres[38]
July 4, 1804: There are two principal lists of engagés, which were evidently intended to be complete, one in a detachment order of May 26, 1804, the other in Clark's Field Notes under July 4, 1804. They are inconsistent in both names and numbers, and there is no certainty whether the inconsistencies represent additions or discharges, use of surnames or dit names, or simple forgetfulness. There is also a record of men paid off in St. Louis after their return from Fort Mandan in 1805, but it is obviously incomplete. Some of the men may not appear there because they were discharged at the Arikara or Mandan villages in the fall of 1804 and received their pay in cash. It is at least possible that men were added or discharged along the Missouri, recruited from St. Louis–bound trading parties or leaving the expedition and joining such a party. The captains' lack of attention to the Frenchmen may have extended to failure to note such changes among the engagés. [7][39]
July 4, 1805: Treaty of Fort Industry
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The area on the east and south labeled 11 was ceded by the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. The two areas on top labeled 53 and 54 were ceded in 1805 with the Treaty of Fort Industry
The Treaty of Fort Industry was a successor treaty to the Treaty of Greenville, which moved the eastern boundary of Indian lands in northern Ohio from the Tuscarawas River and Cuyahoga River westward to a line 120 miles west of the Pennsylvania boundary, which coincided with the western boundary of the Firelands of the Connecticut Western Reserve.[1] In return, the United States agreed “every year forever hereafter, at Detroit, or some other convenient place” to pay $825 for the ceded lands south of the 41st degree of north latitude, and an additional $175 for the Firelands, which lie north of 41 degrees north, which the President would secure from the Connecticut Land Company, for a total of annuity $1000.00, to be “divided between said nations, from time to time, in such proportions as said nations, with the approbation of the President, shall agree.“[2]
The treaty was signed on July 4, 1805 by the following parties:
•The United States
· Charles Jouett
•Ottawa
· Nekeik, or Little Otter
· Kawachewan, or Eddy
· Mechimenduch, or Big Bowl
· Aubaway
· Ogonse
· Sawgamaw
· Tusquagan
· Tondawganie, or the Dog
· Ashawet
•Chippewa
· Macquettoquet, or Little Bear
· Gichi-aanakwad (Quitchonequit), or Big Cloud
· Queoonequetwabaw
· Oshki-gwiiwizens (Oscaquassanu), or Young Boy
· Maanameg (Monimack), or Cat Fish
· Tonquish
•Potawatomi
· Noname
· Mogawh
•Wyandot
· Tarhee, or the Crane
· Miere, or Walk in Water
· Thateyyanayoh, or Leather Lips
· Harrowenyou, or Cherokee Boy
· Tschauendah
· Tahunehawettee, or Adam Brown
· Shawrunthie
•Munsee and Delaware (also known as the Lenape)
· Puckconsittond
· Paahmehelot
· Pamoxet, or Armstrong
· Pappellelond, or Beaver Hat
•Shawnee
· Weyapurseawaw, or Blue Jacket (also known as Weyapiersenwah)
· Cutheaweasaw, or Black Hoof
· Auonasechla, or Civil Man
· Isaac Peters[40]
July 4, 1822: Andrew Jackson accepted sword voted by the Tennessee legislature in 1819 to honor his War of 1812 service. [41]
July 4, 1826: President John Adams, Jr. (1735 - 1826)
John Adams, 2nd President of the USA, Signer of the Declaration of Independence's
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Nicknames:
"President John Adams"
Birthplace:
Braintree, Norfolk, Massachusetts
Death:
Died July 4, 1825 in Braintree, Norfolk, Massachusetts, United States
Cause of death:
debility - old age; most likely heart failure caused by arteriosclerosis
Occupation:
2nd President of the United States, President, U.S., Writer, Vice President under Washington, Harvard Graduate 1755, 2nd President of the United States of America, Politician, President of the United States 1797-1801, 6th President of US, Lawyer
Immediate Family
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Abigail Adams (Smith), First Lad...
wife
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Abigail "Nabby" Smith (Adams)
daughter
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Hon. John Quincy Adams, 6th Pres...
son
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Susanna Adams
daughter
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Charles Francis Adams
son
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Thomas Boylston Adams
son
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Elizabeth (stillborn) Adams, Jr
daughter
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Deacon John Adams, Sr.
father
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Susanna Adams (Boylston)
mother
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Peter Boylston Adams, Capt
brother
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(No Name)
brother
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Elihu Adams
brother
About President John Adams, Jr.
A Patriot of the American Revolution for MASSACHUSETTS. (SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE ) DAR Ancestor # A000585
John Adams, 2nd President of the USA, met Abigail Smith and by 1762 they were exchanging frankly affectionate love letters full of mischievous humor.
July 4, 1826
John Adams, second President of the United States and Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, both die.[42]
Adams retired to his farm in Quincy. Here he penned his elaborate letters to Thomas Jefferson. Here on July 4, 1826, he whispered his last words: "Thomas Jefferson survives." But Jefferson had died at Monticello a few hours earlier. -------------------- Second president of the United States.
Death Tombs of Presidents John Adams (distance) and John Quincy Adams (foreground) and their wives, in a family crypt beneath the United First Parish Church.
On July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, Adams died at his home in Quincy. His last words are often quoted as "Jefferson lives." Only the word "Jefferson" was clearly intelligible, however. Adams was unaware that Jefferson, his compatriot in their quest for independence, then great political rival, then later friend and correspondent, had died a few hours earlier on the very same day.
His crypt lies at United First Parish Church (also known as the Church of the Presidents) in Quincy. Until his record was broken by Ronald Reagan in 2001, he was the nation's longest-living President (90 years, 247 days) maintaining that record for 175 years. The record is currently held by former President Gerald Ford, who served less than one term, and who died December 26, 2006 at 93 years, 165 days.
John Adams remains the longest-lived person ever elected to both of the highest offices in the United States.
July 4, 1826: Thomas Jefferson
Portrait of Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale.
3rd President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809
Vice President
Aaron Burr
George Clinton
Preceded by
John Adams
Succeeded by
James Madison
2nd Vice President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
President
John Adams
Preceded by
John Adams
Succeeded by
Aaron Burr
1st United States Secretary of State
In office
March 22, 1790 – December 31, 1793
President
George Washington
Preceded by
John Jay (Acting)
Succeeded by
Edmund Randolph
United States Minister to France
In office
May 17, 1785 – September 26, 1789
Appointed by
Congress of the Confederation
Preceded by
Benjamin Franklin
Succeeded by
William Short
Delegate to the
Congress of the Confederation
from Virginia
In office
November 3, 1783 – May 7, 1784
Preceded by
James Madison
Succeeded by
Richard Henry Lee
2nd Governor of Virginia
In office
June 1, 1779 – June 3, 1781
Preceded by
Patrick Henry
Succeeded by
William Fleming
Delegate to the
Second Continental Congress
from Virginia
In office
June 20, 1775 – September 26, 1776
Preceded by
George Washington
Succeeded by
John Harvie
Personal details
Born
(1743-04-13)April 13, 1743
Shadwell, Colony of Virginia
Died
July 4, 1826(1826-07-04) (aged 83)
Charlottesville, Virginia
Political party
Democratic-Republican
Spouse(s)
Martha Wayles
Children
Martha
Jane
Mary
Lucy
Lucy Elizabeth
Residence
Monticello
Poplar Forest
Alma mater
College of William and Mary
Profession
Planter
Lawyer
College Administrator
Religion
Deism (see article)
Signature
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This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. (July 2012)
Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, was involved in politics from his early adult years. This article covers his early life and career, through his writing the Declaration of Independence, participation in the American Revolutionary War, serving as governor of Virginia, and election and service as Vice-President to President John Adams.
Born into the planter class of Virginia, Jefferson was highly educated and valued his years at the College of William and Mary. He became an attorney. [43]
July 4, 1826:
An engraving of Tyler.
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An engraving of Tyler in his mid-thirties (c. 1826) as Governor of Virginia.
Tyler's political fortunes were growing, with his name taken up for consideration in the 1824 U.S. Senate election.[17] He was nominated in December 1825 for Governor of Virginia, a position which was then appointed by the legislature. He was elected 131–81 over John Floyd, whose candidacy had little traction. The office of governor was determinately powerless under the original Virginia Constitution (1776–1830), lacking even veto authority. Tyler enjoyed a prominent oratorical platform but could do little to influence the legislature. His most visible act as governor was delivering the funeral address for President Thomas Jefferson, a Virginia native who died on July 4, 1826.[c] Tyler was deeply devoted to Jefferson, and his ornate eulogy was well received.[18] [44]
July 4, 1831
The hymn “America”, also known as “My Country ‘tis of Thee” was sung publicly for the first time on the steps of Park Street. The words were written by Samuel Francis Smith, a divinity student; the tune, a “lilting air” of German origin, is also used in the British anthem “God Save the King”.[45]
July 4, 1831
James Monroe, fifth President of the United States, dies in New York. [46]
July 4, 1835:
Episode 703, Story 2: Booth Letter
Tukufu: Our next story investigates a death threat sent to one of the first Presidents of the United
States. On April 14, 1865 - a man standing in the shadows of President Abraham Lincoln’s
theatre box fired one final shot. It was the first assassination of an American President, and John
Wilkes Booth’s motives have been questioned and studied for generations. Now almost a
hundred and fifty years later, Marsha Mullin of Nashville, Tennessee has learned of a letter –
supposedly written by John Wilkes Booth’s father to another American Presidenti.
Marsha: Today someone would be taken off to jail in five minutes for writing a letter like that.
Tukufu: Marsha has invited me to the Hermitage, President Andrew Jackson’s family home in
Nashville, where she is chief curator. So what do you have for me?
Marsha: Well a couple of years ago a visitor brought to our attention this letter, which was a death
threat to Andrew Jackson written in 1835. I really didn’t know anything about it. So, I got a copy of
it from the Library of Congress. Junius Brutus Booth was a very famous actor. But interestingly
enough, he was also the father of John Wilkes Booth.
Tukufu: Now that’s an interesting connection.
Marsha: It’s very interesting.
Tukufu: It’s dated the 4th of July, 1835, (July 4) from Brower’s Hotel, Philadelphia. “You damned old
scoundrel, I will cut your throat whilst you are sleeping.” He’s insisting that Jackson pardon two
men on Death Row… “I’ll have you burnt at the stake in the city of Washington. Your master,
Junius Brutus Booth.” Man! Now this is a threat. So the father of the guy who killed Lincoln
threatened to assassinate a President.
Marsha: Well that’s the question, because when you look at the back of the letter someone has
written “anonymous”. And so that was very curious. Is it by Junius Brutus Booth or not? Jackson
2
scholars seem to believe that it was written by someone else. We’d like to know if Junius Brutus
Booth really wrote this letter. And if he did, why?
Tukufu: Well let me see if I can find an answer to your question. The sins of a father are not
necessarily visited upon the son. But President Lincoln’s murder altered American history. If John
Wilkes Booth’s father also threatened the life of a sitting President, that’s certainly interesting, and
possibly significant. Jackson was the seventh President of the United States, and first took office
in 1829. Junius Booth was the popular Shakespearean actor of the day. Question is – why have
historians doubted that Junius Booth wrote this in the first place? Marsha’s left me 20th century
publications of a Jackson biography and a collection of his correspondence. Junius Brutus Booth,
here, is in quotation marks. “Booth,” in quotation marks, “to Andrew Jackson, July 4th, 1835.” The
quotation marks indicate the authors and editors also doubted that Booth wrote the death threat. I
need to find out if these doubts are based on some actual evidence. The letter writer – whoever
he was – wanted two men pardoned. De Ruiz and De Soto. I wonder what other clues their might
be. It says down here in a post script. “You know me. Look out.” Does it mean that he knew him
personally? Does it mean that he knew “of” him? “I wrote to you repeated cautions.” Did he write
more threats to the President? The papers of the Andrew Jackson Project at the University of
Tennessee in Knoxville is in the process of publishing an updated version of every known
document that Jackson wrote or received. Dan Feller is the director and editor of the project.
Dan: Let’s go into the Jackson papers.
Tukufu: Have you ever seen this letter before?
Dan: Oh yes, we know it well. We don’t think that the real Junius Brutus Booth wrote it. Our
assumption is that the original notation was correct. That it’s anonymous.
Tukufu: Dan explains that President Jackson’s strong hand and often unpopular policies had
made him a lightning rod for criticism and threats. Six months before our letter was written he was
the victim of the first assassination attempt against an American President. A deranged
housepainter attempted to shoot him outside the capitol building, but the pistol misfired.
3
Dan: Shortly after that the Washington Globe published several columns of assassination letters
that it said Jackson had received. Let me put these up on our computer screen so you can read
them better. Here’s one.
Tukufu: “Damn your old soul, if you do not do something for the good of the country, I will murder
you.” Wow. Dan says Jackson drew public criticism because he wanted to do away with the
federally-chartered Bank of the United States, which he regarded as an unconstitutional
concentration of financial power.
Dan: Here’s another one, “remove them deposits back again, and re-charter the Bank, or you will
certainly be shot in less than two weeks, and that by myself!” The United States Senate actually
censured Jackson for removing the deposits. The only time a President has ever been censured
by the Senate.
Tukufu: Dan says the Ruiz and De Soto mentioned in our letter were Spanish pirates operating
out of Havana. With ten others, they had robbed an American merchant ship in September 1832.
The pirates’ capture and subsequent trial electrified the nation.
Dan: This was a huge case. It had all of the aspects of a modern show trial.
Tukufu: One of the Spaniards, De Soto, was pardoned, most likely because he previously had
saved the lives of some American sailors. Dan says the pardon was almost certainly not as a
result of the death threat. How seriously was this threat taken? Dan doubts there was any official
investigation into the letter. The Office of the President did not have the protective layers it has
today.
Dan: There was no Secret Service. There was no Federal Bureau of Investigation. There were
really no White House Police. In fact assassinating the President or threatening to do so was not
a federal crime.
Tukufu: Here he says, “I wrote to you repeated cautions.” Do you know of any other
communications between Booth and Jackson?
4
Dan: If there were any, we would have seen them. We know of one letter from someone calling
himself Junius Brutus Booth to Jackson and this is it.
Tukufu: And that’s it.
Dan: And not only no letters from Booth or to Booth, but no mention of Booth in Jackson’s
correspondence.
Tukufu: Whoever wanted these pirates pardoned, Dan’s convinced it wasn’t Booth.
Dan: Every historian previous to us, every Jackson biographer has assumed that Booth didn’t
write it. Someone in his office, and he had a number of clerks working for him, probably wrote this
word “anonymous.”
Tukufu: Okay, Jackson did not write it?
Dan: It doesn’t appear to be Jackson’s handwriting, no.
Tukufu: Has there been an analysis of the handwriting in this letter?
Dan: As far as I know, no one has ever taken it to that step because they thought it was
unnecessary.
Tukufu: That seems a curious omission. The Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, DC, has
several Junius Booth letters in their collection. Heather Wolfe is Curator of Manuscripts. She’s
made special arrangements with the Library of Congress to obtain the original threat to Jackson.
Heather, nice to meet you. So this is the original letter
Heather: I picked two of our Junius Brutus Booth letters for a handwriting analysis. I picked these
two letters because they were closest in date and format to the 1835 letter to General Jackson.
Tukufu: It’s the first time Heather has seen the original letter to Jackson, and a couple of items
strike her as odd.
5
Heather: He signs the letter to Jackson with his full name Junius Brutus Booth. All of the letters at
the Folger are signed J.B. Booth, and that was his typical signature.
Tukufu: The rest of the letter looks as if it could have flowed from the same pen.
Heather: you see here, “I wrote to you repeated cautions.” And see the bottom of that “c” how it
loops around dramatically. Well in this letter here, we see the word “camp” with that same very
distinctive majuscule c, which is very unique to Junius Brutus Booth. One of the most distinctive
attributes he has is the cross bar on the miniscule ts. So if you look at the word “the” in this letter.
The crossbar goes fully across not just the t but also the h and e.
Tukufu: Wow! If Booth didn’t write this himself – she says, the forger was at the top of his class.
Heather’s made another discovery.
Heather: This letter from 1834 mentions that he needed to escape the farm for a couple of days
and go to Philadelphia and it says, “therefore I strode to Philadelphia. Brower’s hotel is now about
the best in that city.”
Tukufu: So he has a history of frequenting the Brower’s hotel in Philadelphia. So what do you
think? Did Junius Brutus Booth write this letter?
Heather: Based on handwriting analysis alone, yes it is a Junius Brutus Booth letter, but I’m not a
Booth expert so I think that’s a question for Booth scholars. We need to find out more about the
context of the letter.
Tukufu: Why did a famous Shakespearean actor care enough about the fate of two Spanish
pirates – to have penned a death threat to the President of the United States? Gene Smith has
agreed to meet me at the Folger Library’s Elizabethan Theatre. He’s the author of a book on the
Booth family’s influence on American theatre.
Gene: In addition to being a great actor, Junius Brutus Booth was a great madman, all his life.
There is no question he was insane.
6
Tukufu: Gene says that wild and erratic behavior on stage led Booth to be dubbed “the mad
tragedian”.
Gene: His bouts of lunacy could interrupt the production; he would run away from the theatre and
be found walking naked down the street.
Tukufu: Booth’s excessive drinking exacerbated his madness.
Gene: Theater managers would lock him up to keep him from getting drunk. Frequently, he would
escape simply vanish for three or four days.
Tukufu: Did his fits of madness lead him to acts of violence?
Gene: Yes, but only very occasionally. He was capable of in the middle of a performance of
becoming so involved in killing Desdemona as Othello that when the moment came to press the
pillow against Desdemona’s face, people were afraid that he would actually murder the actress.
Tukufu: Well, this letter is a threat to assassinate President Andrew Jackson. Could that violent
behavior have extended to murder?
Gene: It is possible. However, it’s important to know Junius Brutus Booth had a reverence for life
that was extraordinary. In general, he hurt no one but himself. His kids were forbidden to swat a
fly. He would not cut down a tree.ii
Tukufu: His death threat – if Booth penned it -- may have been a bout of alcoholic madness. His
reverence for life, bizarrely provoking him to threaten murder.
Gene: My guess would be that Mr. Booth probably read that Jackson was considering the
execution of these two men and in one of his frenzies threatened to kill him.
Tukufu: He doubts President Jackson took it seriously.
7
Gene: Indeed, the letter says you know me and he did know him. Jackson and Booth were close
personal friends. I think Jackson would have probably said, “Well that’s Booth for you.” And
Jackson would have laughed it off.
Tukufu: Gene paints a picture of a turbulent and deeply troubled man – frequently absent from his
family
Gene: Junius Brutus Booth was away on the road, trouping around as an actor for much of the
year.
Tukufu: But Gene is reluctant to make any connection between the death threat Junius Booth
may have made to President Jackson, and his son’s murder of Abraham Lincoln thirty years later.
Gene: I think it’s exceedingly improbable. His killing of Abraham Lincoln was so alien to his
father’s reverence for life that there cannot be any traceable path.
Tukufu: I’m not sure what to make of all of this. And I still don’t have any solid evidence to support
the handwriting analysis. Hey Dan. How you doin’? It’s Dan Feller. Seems our meeting prompted
him to do some additional research. I tell Dan about the handwriting comparison, and what else
I’ve learned about Junius Booth. It’s been suggested to me that Jackson and Booth were actually
friends. And that this letter was written in jest.
Dan: I doubt that very much. We have here all of Andrew Jackson’s letters that anyone knows
about. We know of no evidence to put Jackson and Booth together in any way.
Tukufu: His team has uncovered several new pieces of information. Our letter is dated July 4th.
He’s been able to figure out Booth’s whereabouts that day.
Dan: These are newspaper advertisements showing that Booth was indeed in Philadelphia on
July 3rd and 4th. He was scheduled to play Othello on the 3rd at the Chestnut Street Theatre.
Tukufu: I see.
8
Dan: And scheduled to play Richard the Third on the 4th.
Tukufu: That puts Booth in Philadelphia at the time the letter was written.
Dan: And here’s the real clincher. This is another letter that Booth wrote in August of 1835. He
apologizes for the “ungrateful and shameful conduct I have evinced towards the worthy managers
of the Chestnut Street Theatre on a recent occasion. Friday July 3rd and Saturday the 4th.” In
fact he did not play on July 3rd and 4th. He didn’t show up.
Tukufu: So he was there and maybe in one of his fits of madness did not perform?
Dan: Exactly.
Tukufu: But as for threatening to assassinate the President, I still don’t have a smoking gun.
Dan: But look further down in the letter.
Tukufu: There, at the end, Junius Booth himself gives me my final piece of the puzzle.
Dan: “My insane behavior…”
Tukufu: I think I finally have an answer for Marsha. Very interesting investigation. Thank you very
much for the opportunity to get into the life of Junius Brutus Booth. I tell Marsha that the
handwriting of this assassination threat matched other letters penned by Booth.
Marsha: That’s cool. I am really pleased.
Tukufu: But what tied the circumstantial evidence together was an open letter from Booth that
seemed to be an admission of guilt.
Dan: He says, “my insane behavior in writing insolent letters to my best patrons and to the
authorities of this country, I can scarcely hope will be pardoned.”
9
Tukufu: The authorities of this country – you think he's referring to President Andrew Jackson
here?
Dan: I’ll bet he is, because one sentence further down he says, “May god preserve General
Jackson and this happy republic.”
Tukufu: Dan says our handwriting analysis and his questioning of conventional wisdom, have
corrected the historical record. President Lincoln’s killer - John Wilkes Booth - was fathered by a
man who also threatened to murder a sitting President.
Dan: We had assumed as those before us had assumed that the real Booth didn’t write this letter
on the basis of that one word “anonymous”. It turned out he did. It reminds us always to check our
facts. Always to go back and verify even when we think we know what really happened.
Marsha: That is amazing. I’m shocked. It’s an interesting coincidence that he wrote such a letter
and that his son ended up assassinating Lincoln.
Tukufu: Thank you very much for the opportunity to investigate the story.
Marsha: thank you!
i Kauffman, Michael. American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies. Pg. 415.
“Chap.5 Note 4: Following is the order of their birth:…John Wilkes, born May 10, 1838”
ii Kauffman, Michael. American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies. Pg. 84.
“Booth abhorred killing, and counseled his children to avoid it. In his household, even the insects
were spared. ‘You should never kill a fly,’ he told his children…His physician, Dr. James Rush,
noted that even his own family found his views obnoxious. ‘This fellow I say in his mad humanity,
will not eat meat forsooth because it encourages acts of suffering to animals,’ he wrote
incredulously. This ‘mad humanity’ extended throughout the human race. He regarded all people
as equals, and would share his meals and his quarters with anyone in need[47]
July 4, 1836:
WIDOW'S PETITION
State of Virginia, County of Pendleton, ss: On this 7th day of September 1838 personally appeared before me, Jesse Henkle, a Justice of the Peace in and for the County aforesaid, Nancy Vance, aged eighty-two years, who being first duly sworn according to law: doth on her oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the provision made by the act of Congress passed July 4th 1836.
That she is the widow of John Vance who served as Sargeant Major, and marched from the county of (left blank) in the the state of Pennsylvania to Winchester, VA, and from there to Winchester, VA, and from there to Williamsburg and from thence into the state of Georgia in this tour he was under the command of Capt. John Stinson and Lt. Rice and Lt. Robt. Bell. Her memory will not permit her now to state the year that above tour was performed in, but she well recollects that in this tour he served twelve months. She further declares that her husband the aforesaid John Vance performed several tours of duty and she believes always went as Volenteer, that he was in the battle of Germantown and was there wounded. She is not now abhle to state how long he serveed in the other tour of duty, but she does well know that he was in the war nearly all the time from the beginning to the ending of it, and she believes he served as a Sargeant Major during the time he was in the service, and she refersw to proof now on file of her late husband John Vance, who was an Invalid Pensioner of the United States upon the Virginia agency.
She further declares that she was married to the said John Vance on the (left blank) day of October 1773. She was married by Col. William Crawford who was a magistrate of the county where she resided and who was an officer of the Revolutionary War and was afterwards taken a prisoner by the Indians and burnt. She has no record of her marriage, and does not know if any can be found, that her husband the aforesaid John Vance, died on 8th day of Feb (February 8) 1827, leaving her his widow and that she has remained his widow ever since that period.
Nancy Vance (her mark)
Sworn to and subscribed on the day and year written above before me, Jesse Henkle, J. P.
TESTIMONY OF JESSE HENKLE
I certify that was well-aquainted with John Vance during his lifetime and I am now well-aquainted with Nancy Vance, his widow. I know that John Vance was a pensioner of the United States upon the Virginia agency, that the said John Vance has been dead eleven or twelve years, leaving Nancey Vance his widow and that Nancy Vance still continues the widow of the above-mentioned John Vance. I further certify that I have been acquanited with JOHN VANCE AND NANCY VANCE HIS WIFE FOR THE PERIOD OF FORTY-TWO OR FORTY THREE years, and they havfe always lived together as man and wife, that I am fifty-six years of age and I am well-aaquainted with the children of John Vance and Nancy Vance, his wife, and I know they have three children older than myself. And believe that the above named Nancy Vance was married at the time which she states in the declaration given under my hand the day and year before written. The words the and tho interlined before signing.
Jesse Henkle[48]
July 4, 1847: In recognition of his victory at Buena Vista, Taylor was elected an honorary member of the New York Society of the Cincinnati on July 4, 1847. Taylor's father had been an Original Member of the Virginia Society of the Cincinnati. Unfortunately for the younger Taylor, the Virginia society had disbanded shortly before the elder Taylor's death, which prevented him from succeeding to his father's "seat" in the Society. [49]
July 4, 1848: The 555-foot-high marble obelisk was first proposed in 1783, and Pierre L'Enfant left room for it in his designs for the new U.S. capital. After George Washington's death in 1799, plans for a memorial for the "father of the country" were discussed, but none were adopted until 1832--the centennial of Washington's birth. Architect Robert Mills' hollow Egyptian obelisk design was accepted for the monument, and on July 4, 1848, the cornerstone was laid. Work on the project was interrupted by political quarreling in the 1850s, and construction ceased entirely during the American Civil War. Finally, in 1876, Congress, inspired by the American centennial, passed legislation appropriating $200,000 for completion of the monument.
In February 1885, the Washington Monument was formally dedicated, and three years later it was opened to the public, who were permitted to climb to the top of the monument by stairs or elevator. The monument was the tallest structure in the world when completed and remains today, by District of Columbia law, the tallest building in the nation's capital.[50]
July 4, 1848: History & Culture of the Washington Monument.
Read articles about all the National Mall and Memorial Parks history, nature, and culture on the Ranger Journal Blog.
WAMO_Aerial
Aerial photograph of the Washington Monument. The Tidal Basin and Potomac River are to the rear of the image.
NPS PHOTO
"First in War, First in Peace, and First in the hearts of his countrymen."
George Washington's military and political leadership were indispensable to the founding of the United States. As commander of the Continental Army, he rallied Americans from thirteen divergent states and outlasted Britain's superior military force. As the first president, Washington's superb leadership set the standard for each president that has succeeded him. The Washington Monument towers above the city that bears his name, serving as an awe-inspiring reminder of George Washington's greatness. The monument, like the man, stands in no one's shadow.
The Washington Monument, designed by Robert Mills and eventually completed by Thomas Casey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, honors and memorializes George Washington at the center of the nation's capital. The structure was completed in two phases of construction, one private (1848-1854) and one public (1876-1884). Built in the shape of an Egyptian obelisk, evoking the timelessness of ancient civilizations, the Washington Monument embodies the awe, respect, and gratitude the nation felt for its most essential Founding Father. When completed, the Washington Monument was the tallest building in the world at 555 feet, 5-1/8 inches.
WAMO-construction
First phase of Washington Monument construction.
NPS
Honoring the Father of his Country
The geometric layout of Washington, D.C.'s streets and green spaces, originally designed by Pierre L'Enfant, reserved a prominent space for a monument to George Washington at the intersection of lines radiating south from the White House and west of the Capitol. In 1833, the Washington National Monument Society, a private organization, formed to fund and build a monument to the first president that would be "unparalleled in the world." The Society solicited for donations and designs for a decade, settling on a design by Robert Mills in 1845. Mills' design called for a 600-foot Egyptian-style obelisk ringed by thirty 100-foot columns. The design was audacious, ambitious, and expensive, creating numerous complications during its construction.
Despite difficulties raising funds, construction began on the Washington Monument in 1848. The cornerstone was laid on July 4 with upwards of 20,000 people in attendance including President James K. Polk, Mrs. James Madison, Mrs. Alexander Hamilton, George Washington Parke Custis, and future presidents Buchanan, Lincoln, and Johnson. Builders commenced work on the blue gneiss foundation, an 80-foot square step pyramid. With the substructure completed, the builders then proceeded to the above-ground marble structure, 55 feet, 1.5 inches square at the base, using a system of pulleys, block and tackle systems, and a mounted derrick to hoist and place the stones, inching the structure skyward. By 1854, the monument had reached a height of 156 feet above ground, but a turn of events stalled construction.
In 1853, a new group aligned with the controversial Know-Nothing Party gained control of the Washington National Monument Society in the Society's periodic board election. Having always struggled to gather funding, the Society's change in administration alienated donors and drove the Society to bankruptcy by 1854. Without funds, work on the monument slowed to a halt. Architect Robert Mills died in 1855. For more than two decades, the monument stood only partly finished, doing more to embarrass the nation than to honor its most important Founding Father. Congressional attempts to support the Washington National Monument Society failed as attentions turned toward the sectional crisis, then civil war. Only as the nation was rebuilding did attention once again turn toward honoring the man who had once united the states in a common purpose.
To Great Heights
By a joint resolution passed on July 5, 1876, Congress assumed the duty of funding and building the Washington Monument. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, led by Lt. Col. Thomas Lincoln Casey, was responsible for directing and completing the work. Casey's first task was to strengthen the foundation of the monument, which he determined was inadequate for the structure as it was designed. For four years, the builders carefully beefed up the support at the base of the foundation to support the massive weight of the superstructure to come.
To continue building upward, the masons needed stone. The trouble was that the quarry near Baltimore used for the initial construction was no longer available after so many years. Seeking a suitable match, the builders turned to a quarry in Massachusetts. However, problems quickly emerged with the quality and color of the stone, and the irregularity of deliveries. After adding several courses of this stone from Massachusetts, still recognizable by the naked eye today as a brown-streaked beltline one-third of the way up the monument, the builders turned to a third quarry near Baltimore that proved more favorable, and used that stone for the upper two-thirds of the structure. The stone never matched exactly, and the three slightly different colors from the three quarries are distinguishable today.
Rather than ascend to 600 feet as Mills had intended in the original plan, Casey was persuaded to make the height of the structure ten times the width of the base, meaning the optimal height for the Washington Monument was 555 feet. Plans for ornate adornments on the obelisk and the ring of columns were scrapped in favor of the clean, stark look of a simple obelisk shape. Aesthetic reasons aside, the design choice reduced the cost and allowed for faster construction. Casey reduced the thickness of the walls from thirteen feet to nine feet between the 150 and 160 foot levels, a transition visible on a visit to the Washington Monument's interior. Using a steam-powered elevator that could lift six tons of stone up to a movable 20-foot-tall iron frame replete with a boom and block and tackle systems for setting the stones, the masons inched their way up the monument, building twenty feet of stone and mortar, then moving the iron framework up twenty feet, repeating as they went upward.
470 feet above the ground, the builders began angling buttresses inward to support the 300-ton marble pyramidion at the top of the monument. Supported by the buttresses, the angled walls of the pyramidion, anchored by mortoise and tenon joints, climbed inward beginning at 500 feet above ground. On a breezy December 6, 1884, Lt. Col. Casey supervised as the 3,300-pound capstone was brought out through one of the windows, hoisted to the scaffolding at the dizzying tip of the monument, and set in place. Casey then placed the 8.9-inch aluminum tip atop the capstone to the cheers of the crowd below. The Washington Monument was complete, and it had surpassed the Cologne Cathedral to be the tallest building in the world at 555 feet, 5.125 inches. Inscribed on the aluminum cap, notable names and dates in the monument's construction are recalled, and on the east face, facing the rising sun, the Latin words "Laus Deo," which translate to, "Praise be to God."
The Washington Monument was dedicated on a chilly February 21, 1885, one day before George Washington's birthday (which fell on a Sunday that year). After the completion of the iron staircase in the monument's interior, the Washington Monument was first accessible to the public in 1886, closed much of 1887 until it could be better protected from vandals, and reopened in 1888 with a public elevator. Visitors making the ascent could view commemorative stones inset in the walls from various individuals, civic groups, cities, states, and countries from around the world, the tokens of appreciation of Washington's admirers and, in many cases, the donors that contributed to the construction of the Monument in its privately-financed phase. Today there are 193 of these commemorative stones.
Upkeep
The original steam-driven elevator, with a trip time of 10-12 minutes to the top of the monument, was replaced with an electric elevator in 1901. The National Park Service was given jurisdiction over the Washington Monument in 1933, and the first restoration of the structure began as a Depression Era public works project in 1934. Another round of restoration occurred in 1964, and again in 1998-2001. The elevator used today was installed in this most recent round of work.
After the Earthquake
At 1:51 p.m. on August 22, 2011, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake struck 90 miles southwest of Washington, D.C. Visitors inside the Washington Monument's observation deck were thrown about by the force of the shaking; falling mortar and pieces of stone caused minor injuries, though all the people inside exited safely. Damage occurred throughout the metropolitan Washington area, but the Washington Monument was among the significantly damaged structures. Assessments of the building revealed cracks, spalls, and displacements of stones and joints throughout the building. The Washington Monument has been closed to the public since the earthquake. Work to repair the damage and reopen the monument to the public is ongoing. Although visitors cannot go inside the building for the moment, all can still stand outside the shining obelisk and look up in wonder and amazement admiring the greatness of both the monument and the man whose memory it represents.
At the dedication of the Washington Monument in 1885, a speech by then-elderly Robert Winthrop, who had attended the opening ceremony in 1848, was read by Rep. John D. Long of Massachusetts. He said of the Washington Monument, "The storms of winter must blow and beat upon it ... the lightnings of Heaven may scar and blacken it. An earthquake may shake its foundations ... but the character which it commemorates and illustrates is secure." [51]
July 4, 1850, Zachary Taylor consumed a snack of milk and cherries at an Independence Day celebration. On this day, he also sampled several dishes presented to him by well-wishing citizens.
JULY 4, 1850: ALTHOUGH NOT FEELING WELL HE SAT UNDER THE HOT SUN AT THE LONG CEREMONY AT THE LAYING OF THE CORNERSTONE OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. HE TOOK SICK, DIAGNOSED AS CHOLERA MORBUS. HE DIED 5 DAYS LATER. HE LEFT A STATEMENT IN PART "I HAVE TRIED TO DISCHARGE MY DUTIES FAITHFULLY; I REGRET NOTHING."
ACCORDING TO INFORMATION HANDED DOWN BY MY GRANDFATHER ZACHARY FATHERED A SON BY A MULATTO SLAVE PRIOR TO HIS MARRIAGE. IN ORDER TO PROTECT THIS SON FROM SLAVERY OR PREJUDICE IN THE SOUTH ZACHARY HAD HIS SON SET UP IN ONTARIO WHERE HE RAISED A FAMILY. MY GRANDFATHER W. A. TAYLOR WAS SON TO THIS INDIVIDUAL. THE LINK BETWEEN THIS AND ZACHARY IS NOT PROVED TO ME BUT IT WILL BE A CHALLENGE TO FIND A CONNECTION. W.A.TAYLOR 1991 #162. [52]
July 4, 1861: On July 4, Lincoln asked a special session of Congress for 400,000 troops and $400 million, with legal authority “for making this contest a short, and a decisive one.” [53]
May 16? – July 4, 1863: Siege of Vicksburg, MS.[54]
July 4, 1863
War Department Telegraph Office, Washington D.C.
As dawn broke on Independence Day, 1863, Abraham Lincoln was awaiting word on Gettysburg. Once the battle was underway the President practically camped out in the telegraph office. The last telegram had been received on July 2, 36 hours earlier. This one was more favorable. Lee had lost.[55]
The southern General had lost the battle, but this is not where he would lose the war. Under the cover of darkness, their movements masked by a powerful thunderstorm. The remnants of Lee’s once unbeaten army of Northern Virginia disappeared. On the evening of July 4th the army retreated to the safety of Virginia. They left their fires burning to fool Union sentries into believing they still remained in camp. Not everyone went home though. There were more than 51,000 casualties on those first three days of July, 1963. That night, the dead stretched as far as the eye could see. Among them were the most severely wounded. They awaited their fate.[56]
July 4, 1863: Dr. William McKinnon Goodlove (1st cousin, 3 times removed) enlisted and the 57th Ohio Volunteer Infantry,Battle of Champions Hill May 16. Siege of Vicksburg May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Advance on Jackson, Miss., July 4-10. [57]
July 4, 1863: One source says that Sim Whitsett was with Shelby at Cape Girardeau, Missouri and Helena, Arkansas in the spring of 1863. I cannot dispute that with solid evidence, but the timing of those battles make it seem very unlikely to me. Edwards reports that Sim was back in Missouri with Todd in July 1863. The battle of Helena occurred on July 4, 1863. I believe it more likely that Sim went to Texas with Quantrill and his remaining men in January or February. The guerrillas returned to Jackson County in March 1863.
Probably immediately after his return to Jackson County Sim learned of the death of Jeptha Crawford. Jeptha was the father of Mrs. Susan Vandever, formerly Mrs. Susan Whitsett, widow of Sim’s late cousin William. Jeptha was also the father of Laura Crawford Whitsett, the wife of Stewart Whitsett. William, who died before the war, and Stewart were the sons of Isaac and Cynthia (Noland) Whitsett of Lee’s Summit. Federal militia came to the farm of the elderly Jeptha in January that year in while Simeon was with Shelby during the raid on Springfield. The militia hung Jeptha as being a southern sympathizer and guerrilla supporter. They made Mrs. Crawford and Jeptha’s young children watch the old man as he strangled to death on a tree in the front yard. The militia men then took what they wanted from the home and set it to the torch, leaving the family homeless in the dead of winter. After Quantrill’s return to Jackson County in April, Mrs. Crawford took her youngest son, fifteen-year-old Riley, to Quantrill and asked him to make a soldier of the boy to avenge the death of his father. Riley, the youngest member of Quantrill’s raiders, not only became a "soldier" but also one of the most vicious and bloodthirsty of Quantrill’s Raiders, rivaling even the reputation of Bloody Bill Anderson. However, young Riley did not live to see his seventeenth birthday.[58]
July 4, 1865: produced little excitement. Some of the soldiers whyo had been allowed to purchase their guns for six dollars kept up a loud response very brief racket of musket shot into the air. There were several rows between Negroes and soldiers in town to help break the monotony. Captain Pound read the Declaration Of Independence and the Emancipation Proclamation at dress parade, but thoughts were more on Iowa than on the country’s birthday.[59]
July 4, 1864:
Saturday, May 20, 2006 (2)[60]
General Cameron
Mon. July 4, 1864
Presentation of sword and sash to col Wilds[61]
Speeches by gen Cameron[62] Slack and others
Singing and music by brass band marching through town in the evening[63]
July 4, 1866:
*1-5-5-1-1-4-6
WILLIAM BROWN WINANS b December 21, 1838 in Shelby Co., Ohio d October 18, 1917 at Santa Ana, Calif, md July 4, 1866 Mary Jane Gibson. [64]
July 4, 1867: Perhaps the most effective method used by the Klan to impress the community with a sense of its mysterious power was the nightly parade, a method still used with great effect by the revived Klan. The following description of the first parade of the Klan in Pulaski the fourth of July, 1867, is so closely paralleled by parades o f the modern Klan that it may well be reproduced here. As a result of the printed notice, “The Klan will parade the streets to-night,” and expectant crowed gathered from the town and surrounding country and lined the streets. “The members of the Klan in the country left their homes in the afternoon and travelled alone or in squads of two or three with their paraphernalia carefully concealed…After nightfall they assembled at designated points…There they doned their robes and disguises and put covers of gaudy material on their horses. A skyrocket sent up from some point in the town was the signal to mount and move. The different companies met and passed each other in the public square in perfect silence; the sicipline appered to be admirable. Not a word was spoken. [65]
July 4, 1869: William G. Smith (b. July 4, 1869 in GA / d. November 3, 1901 in GA).[66]
July 4, 1871: David Solomon Warren (b. July 4, 1871 in GA / d. September 9, 1959).[67]
July 4, 1874: .....Susana CRAWFORD b October 10, b1853 [1] d July 4, 1874 [1] bur [52]
.....sp ____ ____[68]
July 4, 1889
The ladies of Prairie Chapel Church will give an ice cream sociable at the residence of Mr. Wm. Goodlove about 4 miles south of town, on Thursday evening July 11th.[69]
July 4, 1895
Katherine Lee Bates’ poem, America the Beautiful, is published.[70]
July 4, 1900:
18
849
Democratic National Convention, July 4, 1900
[71]
July 4, 1915: Abram Gotlib born July 4, 1915 from Varsovie (Warsaw, Poland) was on Convoy 4. [72]
July 4, 1920: The Buck Creek Church had never before had a Forth of July celebration. What they were really celebrating was the success of the first phase of their battle to form a consolidated school district.[73]
July 4, 1934: Washington's face had been completed and was dedicated.
July 4, 1939: The Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland (Reich Association of Jews in Germany) replaces the Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Reich Representation of Jews in Germany).[74]
July 4, 1941: German forces occupy Pinsk. Latvians serving German units set fire to the central Synagogue in Riga. A Judenrat is established in Vilna. About 5,000 Vilna Jews are killed during the monthe of July by Einsatzkommando 9 and local collaborators.[75]
• July 4-11, 1941: Five thousand Ternopol Jews are killed in a pogrom.[76]
July 4, 1942: Berta Gottliebova, February 3, 1880. Transport AAm- Olomouc , Terezin July 4, 1942. Bc –August 25,1942 Maly Trostinec.[77]
July 4, 1942: Zita Gottlieb born October 3, 1912. Transport AAm-Olomouc, Terezin July 4, 1942. BC-August 25, 1942 Maly Trostinec[78]
July 4, 1942: Erich Gottlieb born April 29, 1911. Transport AAm- Olomouc
Terezin July 4, 1942. Dz- May 15, 1944 Osvetim.[79]
July 4, 1943: The original “Mighty Mo” was not battleship Missouri, but the lone US Navy destroyer awarded two Navy Unit Commendations for action in World War II—USS Morrison (DD 560).
Laid down June 30, 1942 at Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp., Seattle, Washington, Morrison was the builder’s seventh of 21 2100-ton Fletcher-class destroyers. At her launch early on July 4, 1943, she was named a for Civil War coxswain and Medal of Honor recipient. [80]
July 4 1946
The Kielce pogrom. 37 (+2) Jews were massacred and 80 wounded out of about 200 who returned home after World War II. There were also killed 2 non-Jewish Poles.[81]
July 4, 1958: Although Wojtyla had been involved in the church his whole life, it was not until 1942 that he began seminary training. When the war ended, he returned to school at Jagiellonian to study theology, becoming an ordained priest in 1946. He went on to complete two doctorates and became a professor of moral theology and social ethics. On July 4, 1958, at the age of 38, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Krakow by Pope Pius XII. He later became the city s archbishop, where he spoke out for religious freedom while the church began the Second Vatican Council, which would revolutionize Catholicism. He was made a cardinal in 1967, taking on the challenges of living and working as a Catholic priest in communist Eastern Europe. Once asked if he feared retribution from communist leaders, he replied, "I m not afraid of them. They are afraid of me."
Wojtyla was quietly and slowly building a reputation as a powerful preacher and a man of both great intellect and charisma. Still, when Pope John Paul I died in 1978 after only a 34-day reign, few suspected Wojtyla would be chosen to replace him. But, after seven rounds of balloting, the Sacred College of Cardinals chose the 58-year-old, and he became the first-ever Slavic pope and the youngest to be chosen in 132 years.
A conservative pontiff, John Paul II s papacy was marked by his firm and unwavering opposition to communism and war, as well as abortion, contraception, capital punishment, and homosexual sex. He later came out against euthanasia, human cloning, and stem cell research. He traveled widely as pope, using the eight languages he spoke (Polish, Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Latin) and his well-known personal charm, to connect with the Catholic faithful, as well as many outside the fold. [82]
July 4, 1963 According to Gerry Patrick Hemming, this is the day that he and
Howard Davis meet with General Edwin Walker in Dallas, Texas. Hemming says that they were
loosening contacts with Walker at this point. [83]
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[1] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1534
[2] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[3] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[4] [Decipher, — From the Collection of Bishop Kyle^ at Preshome^
[5] * John Stewart, fourth Earl of Atholl of his family, Lord High
Chancellor of Scotland, alleged to have been poisoned by Morton ;
which crime Morton, when under sentence of death, most solemnly
denied. See Dalzell's " Illustrations of Scottish History," p. 498.
[6] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[7] * See in Murdin, p. 548 et seq. the curious despatch which he
at that time sent to Mary. It is there erroneously assigned to
1586 ; but the contents of the despatch, and especially the details
therein of the residence of Davison in Scotland, evidently prove it
to belong to the end of August 1584.
[8] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[9] thisdayinjewishhistory
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici
[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici
[12] References[edit source | editbeta]
1.^ Vilhjálmur Þ. Gíslason, Bessastaðir: Þættir úr sögu höfuðbóls. Akureyri. 1947.
2.^ Egilsson, Ólafur (2008) The Travels of Reverend Ólafur Egilsson (Reisbók séra Ólafs Egilssonar) Captured by Pirates in 1627. Translated and edited by Karl Smári Hreinsson and Adam Nichols. Reykjavik: Fjölvi.
3.^ [1] Danish slaves in Barbary. Peter Madsen, Islam in European literature.
4.^ Wilson, Peter Lamborn (2003). Pirate Utopias. Autonomedia. p. 100. ISBN 1-57027-158-5. Retrieved 2011-04-29. ; the upper figure of 800 is found in D'Aranda, Emanuel (1666) The history of Algiers and it's slavery with many remarkable particularities of Africk. London: John Starkey, p. 248.
5.^ Letter written by Guttormur Hallsson
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_cromwell
[14] Wikipedia
[15] County Records Spottsylvania County 1721-1800 vol 1) pp 2 3 Will Book A, 172248, p. 104. Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence, pg 316.
[16] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[17] 52 THE MONONGAI-IELA OF OLD.
[18] [13]Who had been a captain under Washington in the Fort Necessity campaign of 1754.
[19] Valentine Crawford, brother of William, and agent of Col. George Washington, wrote the latter from Fort Fincastle under date of October 1, 1774, in which letter he said," His Lordship arrived here yesterday with about hundred men, seven hundred of whom came by water with his L'd'p. and five hundred came with my brother William by land with the bullocks. His L'd'p has sent him with five hundred men, fifty packhorses, and two hundred bullocks to meet Col. Lewis at the mouth of Hockhocking, below the mouth of Little Kanawha. His Lordship is to go by water with the rest of the troops in a few days." In accordance with the plan mentioned in this letter, Maj. William Crawford proceeded to Hocking, on the Ohio side of the river, and there erected a stockade which was named Fort Gower. Dunmore arriving with the main force in time to assist in the construction of the work.http://www.chartiers.com/pages-new/articles/dunmore.html
[20] Philadelphia, Art Color Card Distributors.
[21] The Complete guide to Boston’s freedom trail, Third edition by Charles Banhe, page 5.
• [22] .On this Day in American History, John Wagman.
[23] The Jews of the United States, Hasia R. Diner, page 40.
[24] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestry_of_Thomas_Jefferson
[25] http://www.alljewishlinks.com/history-timeline-of-jewish-people-in-america/
[26] http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=george3
[27] http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm
[28]Diary of the American War; A Hessian Journal by Captain Johann Ewald pg. 71
[29] Pennsylvania Packet, July 4th, 1782.
(Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield page 374.)
[30] Narrative of Dr. Knight.
[31] Narrative of John Slover.
[32] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[33] 34 Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
[34] !The Crawfords of Adams co., Oh., comp.
by H. Marjorie Crawford, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Chemistry,
Vassar College. Publ. Poughkeepsie, NY, 1976, p. 3:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/gmd:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(g3892k+ct000363))+@field(COLLID+setlmap))
[35] (McAdams, p. 47) BENJAMIN HARRISON 1750 – 1808 A History of His Life And of Some of the Events In American History in Which He was Involved By Jeremy F. Elliot 1978 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[36] History of Clark County, OH
[37] History of Champaign County, Ohio, page 319.
[38] : http//homepages.rootsweb.com/~cutlip/deeds/deeds.html
[39] The Lewis and Clark exposition
[40] ^ Text of Treaty of Fort Industry - article II Library of Congress^ Text of Treaty of Fort Industry - article III-IV Library of Congress
[41] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824
[42] On this Day in American History, by John Wagman.
[43] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestry_of_Thomas_Jefferson
[44] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler
[45] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail Third Edition by Charles Bahne, page 11.
[46] On this Day in America History by John Wagman.
[47] http://www-tc.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/static/media/transcripts/2011-05-20/703_boothletter.pdf
[48] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pp 910.10-910.11.
[49] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor
[50] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/washington-monument-dedicated
[51] http://www.nps.gov/wamo/historyculture/index.htm
[52] http://www.geni.com/people/Zachary-S-Taylor-12th-President-of-the-USA/6000000002143404336
[53] Smithsonian, July/August 2011
[54] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012
[55] Gettysburg: Speech, Military, 12/06/2008
[56] Gettysburg: Speech, Military, 12/06/2008
[57] History of Logan County and Ohio, O.L. Basking & Co., Chicago, 1880. page 692.
[58] http://whitsett-wall.com/Whitsett/whitsett_simeon.htm
[59] Hoag Diary, July 4, 1865; Rigby Journal, Juuly 4, 1865( The History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 208.)
[60] (North & South, February 2003, Vol. 6, Number 2
[61] On July 4, the troops celebrated Independence Day with speeches, singing, and music, and a sword was presented to Colonel Wilds by the noncommissioned officers and privates that cost $200. The sutler was allowed to sell beer to the privates and officers for a change, and the camp became uncommonly noisy and jubilant until late at night. The formal celebration ended with an evening parade through town. “Rigby wrote:
“I suppose the spectators were not very pleasant to us who were the performers. The fair maidens and even the widows of Thibodaz denied to give tone to the exercises by their presence who with pouting cherry lips and significant tosses of evening tresses viewed us as modest anti Dixie ladies would a troop of gypsies. We’ve obliged the witness of another drunken row in our company during the evening. It is time such things were played out. The Tipton Advertiser, July 28, 1864, p. 2; Rigby Journal, July 4, 1864. (A History of the 24th Iowa Infantry 1862-1865 by Harvey H. Kimble Jr. August 1974.) (Roster and Record, Volume 3, p. 879;) http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/spec-coll/bai/winschel.htm
[62] Brigadier General Robert A. Cameron, Third Division Commander, Army of the Gulf.
[63] The regiment celebrated the 4th of July at Thibodeaux in grand style…(A History of the 24th Iowa Infantry 1862-1865 by Harvey H. Kimble Jr. August 1974. page 155)
[64] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[65] The Ku Klux Klan: A Study of the American Mind, by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D. 1924, page 75.
[66] Proposed Descendants of William SMythe.
[67] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[68] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cmoore/crawford.htm
[69] Winton Goodlove papers.
[70] On this Day in America by John Wagman.
[71]
Series 10: Printed Invitations and Souvenirs, 1883-1952
This series primarily consists of printed invitations, menus, and other souvenirs that Harrison collected as mementos of various dinners, receptions, and other functions that he attended. In addition, this series also includes various political mementos, including a humorous excursion ticket that mentions Carter H. Harrison III, and admission tickets to political conventions. Catalogues from exhibitions where items from Harrison's art collection were shown, or in which he otherwise had a special interest, as well as a set of club by-laws from Les Rosettes et Rubans de France, are also arranged in this series. A few of the items contain handwritten notes by Harrison that provide some background information about the event to which the item in question pertains.
The items in this series are arranged alphabetically by the name of the person, place or event to which they relate.
[72]
[73] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 189.
[74] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page,1762.
[75] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.
[76] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.
[77] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy
[78] Terezin Memorial book, the Jewish victims of Nazi Deportations from Bohemia and Moravia 1941-1945 part of the second
[79] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Ob
[80] http://destroyerhistory.org/fletcherclass/ussmorrison/
[81] www.wikipedia.org
[82] www.history.com
[83] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
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