This Day in Goodlove History, July 17, 2014

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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.

The Goodlove Family History Website:

http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html

The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

• • Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004





Birthdays on July 17…

Everett E.M. Kinnon

Jennifer Kruse Weber

Verlene E. Kruse

Montgomery

Benjamin F. Mckinnon

Thomas Meason

Florence Reasoner Zehner

Kathryn A. Scorpil Nielson

Charles Taliaferro

Emily Truax



2.348k BC July 17, "My Bible also revealed that Noah came ashore on Mt. Ararat on the 17th day of the seventh month, 2348BC." In 1999 William Ryan and Walter Pitman authored "Noah's Flood: The New Scientific Discoveries about the Event That Changed History." They demonstrate how the rising Mediterranean broke through a natural dam in the Bosporus Strait and flooded a freshwater lake that expanded into the Black Sea. [1]



The following is an inquisition of the Will of Robert Smythe:

Location: Fryday and
Watlyng Streets, London, Parish of St. John the Evangelist: On March 22, 1524 London (Inquisition Post Mortem). Died on March 27, 1527, London (Ibid). IPM on July 17, 1529 Guildhall 21 Henry VIII. "Inquisition taken at the Guildhall, July 17, 21 Henry VIII (1529) before John Reston, Mayor, John Hales and John Scott, Baron to the exchequer, and John Baker, recorder of the City of London, by the oath of William Cummings, Thomas Knight, Richard spar, George Hughes, Paul Alexander, William Oxley, Henry stickle, Robert Harrison, John Baxter, Robert here, Stephen Township, we in December, Thomas Osmond, Roger Hennings, Antony Elderton, John Grande and Richard rate, who say that: "Richard Smith, late of London, merchant tailor, William Fytzwyllyan, Knight, John Bylsdon, Richard Conhille, Wm. Skrynen, John Hall and John Fulwode, were seised of eight messuages, 2 tofts, and one garden lying in Fryday Street and Watlyng Street in the parish of John the Evangelist, in the ward of Bredstrete, to the use of said Richard Smith and his heirs "So seised, they enfeoffed William Wylford, senior, John Goone, Tho Cole, Tho Lee, Robt. Patchett, Paul Wythixoll, John Wylford, Jas Mychell and Robt Fell, of the premises: to hold to them and their heirs to the use of Richard Smith and his heirs, and for the fulfilment of his will. "So seised the said Richard Smith at divers times after declared to the said Wm Wylforde and his co-feoffees that it was his will that the Master and Wardens of the company of the Merchant Tailors of London and their successors should after his death have the said premises to the intent that they should find forever one priest to celebrate in the said parish church of St. John the Evangelist for the souls of the said Richard, expending upon the same 52 shillings, 5 pence. Also 13 shillings 4 pence year forever to find 2 wax candles to be burned on Sundays and festivals and one light called a Trenell before the crucifix in the said Church forever. Also 4 shillings yearly to be expended forever for the Paschal light in the said church, and 3 shillings 4 pence to be paid to the Chamberlain of the said city if present at the said anniversary. "On the 22nd March (March 22)1524, the said Richard Smythe made his will, whereby he declared that John Smythe, his son and heir, should have all the said premises, and revoked all other wills by him made.”After the death of the said Richard Smythe, the said Wm. Wilforde and his co-feoffees were seised of the said premises to the use of the said John Smythe. "So seised the said Thomas Lee and Robert Fell died, and William Wilforde, John Gone, Thomas Cole, Robert Pachett, Paul Wythixoll and John Wylford survived them.”The said John Smyth being so seised enfeoffed thereof Thomas Crumwell, John Bylsdon, Richard Ryche, Guy Crafforde, William Gynkes, Richard Holte, John Bodnam, and John Stukley: to hole to them and their heirs to the use of the said John Smyth and Joan, his wife, and heirs of the said John Smythe forever. "One of the said eight messages, in which Thomas Nixon now lives, is held of the Master of the Rolls of the Court of Chancery by fealty, and the yearly rent of 53 shillings 4 pence. The residue of the said premises are held of the Abbott of the Monastery of St. Peter's Westminster, in right of the said monastery, by fealty, and the yearly rent of 12 shillings, 6 pence. "All the said premises are worth per annum, clear 29 pounds. Richard Smyth died at London, 27 March, (March 27)18 Henry VIII (1527); John Smyth is his son and heir and was then aged 31 years and more." Inquisition, p.m. 21 Henry VII, No. 21 (London).

It seems that two years after Richard's death, his will and estate were still not settled. It took and inquisition to settle the matter and carry out the terms. In the 1400s and 1500s, the Law was carried out in two ways: the criminal issues were handled and settled by the Sheriff and the civil matters were handled by the Inquisition, which sound bad but was merely a judge who acted on behalf of the Crown. The inquisitioners of the 1100s and 1200s were given autonomy of the same judge and jury, but as religion was high theme amongst the people, the greed of the church controlled the judges and used them or misused them to try heretics (anyone who opposed the church); but just 200 yrs later their control had been diminished. And through this inquisition, we find that Richard was a Merchant Taylor (and apparently a good one from the amounts of money being dispersed. These sums at this day an age would amount to thousands of dollars). We also find out that his only son was named John Smyth who at the age of his father's death was 31, which means he was born about 1495/1496. Knowing that Literacy was rarely amongst the poor in this time, to have a will of such would indicate that Richard was of some standing in the community and with the Crown. The Crown belonged to the Tudor Family, of which at this time was Henry VIII.

A. Children of Richard Smith and Unk.
+ 3. i. John Smythe (b. abt. 1495 in Wiltshire, England / d. 1560 in Corsham, Wiltshire, England)[2]



July 17, 1571: Campian, who had for a long time evaded every search, is at last arrested at LyiFord, in Berkshire, and soon after conveyed to the Tower of London. Parsons, however, remained some time in England, and then passed over to the continent. [3]



July 17, 1585 - English secret service discovers Anthony Babingtons murder plot against Queen Elizabeth I[4]



July 17, 1586: Despite his assent in his participation in the plot, Babington's conscience was troubled at the prospect of assassinating the English queen. On June 28, encouraged by a letter received from Thomas Morgan, Mary wrote a letter to Babington that assured him of his status as a trusted friend. In reply on July, Babington wrote to Mary about all the details of the plot. He informed Mary about the foreign plans for invasion as well as the planned insurrection by English Catholics:

"First, assuring of invasion: Sufficient strength in the invader: Ports to arrive at appointed, with a strong party at every place to join with them and warrant their landing. The deliverance of your Majesty. The dispatch of the usurping Competitor. For the effectuating of all which it may please your Excellency to rely upon my service.... Now forasmuch as delay is extreme dangerous, it may please your most excellent Majesty by your wisdom to direct us, and by your princely authority to enable such as may advance the affair; foreseeing that, where is not any of the nobility at liberty assured to your Majesty in this desperate service (except unknown to us) and seeing it is very necessary that some there be to become heads to lead the multitude, ever disposed by nature in this land to follow nobility, considering withal it doth not only make the commons and gentry to follow without contradiction or contention (which is ever found in equality) but also doth add great courage to the leaders. For which necessary regard I recommend some unto your Majesty as fittest in my knowledge for to be your Lieutenants in the West parts, in the North parts, South Wales, North Wales and the Counties of Lancaster, Derby and Stafford: all which countries, by parties already made and fidelities taken in your Majesty's name, I hold as most assured and of most undoubted fidelity.[14]

He also mentioned plans on rescuing Mary from Chartley as well as dispatching Savage to assassinate Elizabeth:

"Myself with ten gentlemen and a hundred of our followers will undertake the delivery of your royal person from the hands of your enemies. For the dispatch of the usurper, from the obedience of whom we are by the excommunication of her made free, there be six noble gentlemen, all my private friends, who for the zeal they bear to the Catholic cause and your Majesty's service will undertake that tragical execution.[15]

While it was not necessary for Babington to detail this to Mary, he did so probably because he was seeking rewards for the people involved in the plot, as well as serving his own vanity.[16]

The letter was received by Mary on July 14 — after being intercepted and deciphered — and on July 17 she replied to Babington in a long letter in which she commended and praised all the aspects of the plot. She also stressed the necessity of foreign aid if the rescue attempt was to succeed:

"For divers great and important considerations (which were here too long to be deduced) I cannot but greatly praise and commend your common desire to prevent in time the designments of our enemies for the extirpation of our religion out of this realm with the ruin of us all. For I have long ago shown unto the foreign Catholic princes—and experience doth approve it—the longer that they and we delay to put hand on the matter on this side, the greater leisure have our said enemies to prevail and win advantage over the said princes (as they have done against the King of Spain) and in the meantime the Catholics here, remaining exposed to all sorts of persecution and cruelty, do daily diminish in number, forces, means and power. So as, if remedy be not thereunto hastily provided, I fear not a little but they shall become altogether unable for ever to rise again and to receive any aid at all, whensoever it were offered them. For mine own part, I pray you to assure our principal friends that, albeit I had not in this cause any particular interest (that which I may pretend unto being of no consideration unto me in respect of the public good of this state) I shall be always ready and most willing to employ therein my life and all that I have or may ever look for in this world.[17]

The letter was again intercepted and deciphered by Phelippes. But this time, Phelippes, who was also an excellent forger, kept the original and made a forged copy of the letter with a postscript and possibly other alterations or additions that would incriminate Babington and Mary. In the new postscript an offer was made by Mary to take an active part in the assassination:

"I would be glad to know the names and quelityes of the sixe gentlemen which are to accomplish the dessignement, for that it may be, I shall be able uppon knowledge of the parties to give you some further advise necessarye to be followed therein; and even so do I wish to be made acquainted with the names of all such principal persons [&c.] as also from time to time particularlye how you proceede and as son as you may for the same purpose who bee alredye and how farr every one privye hereunto.[18][19]

Phelippes then made another copy of the letter and sent it to Walsingham with a small picture of the gallows as a seal. Walsingham had his proof.

Arrests, trials and executions

John Ballard was arrested on August 4, 1586, and presumably under torture he confessed and implicated Babington. Although Babington was able to receive the forged letter with the postscript, he was not able to reply with the names of the conspirators, as he was arrested while seeking a license to travel in order to see King Philip II of Spain, with the purpose of organizing a foreign expedition as well as ensuring his own safety.[20] The identities of the six conspirators were nevertheless discovered, and they were taken prisoner by August 15, 1586.

Mary's two secretaries, Claude Nau de la Boisseliere (d. 1605) and Gilbert Curle (d. 1609), were likewise taken into custody and interrogated.

The conspirators were sentenced to death for treason and conspiracy against the crown, and were sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered. This first group included Babington, Ballard, Chidiock Tichborne, Sir Thomas Salisbury, Robert Barnewell, John Savage and Henry Donn. A further group of seven men, Edward Habington, Charles Tilney, Edward Jones, John Charnock, John Travers, Jerome Bellamy, and Robert Gage, were tried and convicted shortly afterward. Ballard and Babington were executed on September 20 along with the other men who had been tried with them. Such was the horror of their execution that Queen Elizabeth ordered the second group to be allowed to hang until dead before being disemboweled.

Queen Mary herself went to trial at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire and denied her part in the plot, but her correspondence was the evidence; therefore, Mary was sentenced to death. Elizabeth signed her cousin's death warrant,[21] and on February 8 1587, in front of 300 witnesses, Mary, Queen of Scots, was executed by beheading.

[5]



July 17, 1617

On July 17th, 1617, Sir Lauchlan MacKinnon of Strathordell and the rest appeared before the council in July (he with MacLeod, Gorme, and Vic Ian having been knighted A.D. 1613), when the practice of taking “calps " (sort of tithe) of vassalage, was abolished. At this appearance, Sir Lauchlan exhibited his uncle, John MacKinnon. (ancestor of Kyle), and in the following year, on July 23rd, he again appeared before the council with his uncle John. [6]

1618: Berkeley Hundred

Berkeley Hundred in the Virginia Colony comprised about eight thousand acres (32 km²) on the north bank of the James River near Herring Creek in an area then known as Charles Cittie (sic). It was named for one of the original founders, Richard Berkeley,[citation needed] a member of the Berkeley family of Gloucestershire, England. In 1619, Berkeley Hundred was the site of America's first Thanksgiving Day. It later became known as Berkeley Plantation, and was long the traditional home of the Harrison family, one of the First Families of Virginia.

History

Berkeley Hundred was a land grant in 1618 of the Virginia Company of London to Sir William Throckmorton, Sir George Yeardley, George Thorpe, Richard Berkeley, and John Smyth (1567–1641) of Nibley. Smyth was also the historian of the Berkeley group, collecting over 60 documents relating to the settlement of Virginia between 1613 and 1634 which have survived to modern times.

In 1619, the ship Margaret of Bristol, England sailed for Virginia under Captain John Woodliffe and brought thirty-eight settlers to the new Town and Hundred of Berkeley. The proprietors instructed the settlers of "the day of our ships arrival . . . shall be yearly and perpetually kept as a day of Thanksgiving." The Margaret landed her passengers at Berkeley Hundred on December 4, 1619. The settlers did indeed celebrate a day of "Thanksgiving", establishing the tradition a year and 17 days before the Pilgrims arrived aboard the Mayflower at Plymouth, Massachusetts to establish their Thanksgiving Day in 1620.[1][7]

July 17, 1623: in the spirit voiced by Mr. Truelove and his Asso-

ciates on July 17, 1623: "no whitt discouraged with the late Massacre of

the English by the treacherous Indians they were resolved to set forth for

their Plantations." f [8][9]



July 1701: Louis XIV conferred with Cadillac in 1699 concerning establishment of a larger presence in the Northwest Territories of New France. Upon returning to North America, the governor-general of the province made the decision that Cadillac would build a fort and trading facilities on the river between Lakes Erie and Huron. Therefore, in July 1701 Cadillac founded what was to become Detroit.

After charges of misconduct—and acquittal, Cadillac settled contentious affairs with the Miamis and went to Illinois country and then down to Louisiana where he gained supremacy for the French over several Indian tribes and Spanish influence. He became governor of Louisiana.

One account maintains that Cadillac was Commandant at Fort de Baude located at St. Ignace in the 1730-40s. St. Ignace is at the point on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula facing the Straits of Mackinac across from the Lower Peninsula. Cadillac had extensive dealings with Hurons, Ojibways (Chippewas), Miamis, Potawatomies, Ottawas, and other Great Lakes tribes.

He wrote a noted series of papers describing details of Indian practices, and retired to France where he died. The date of his death is much disputed. Some say “sometime after 1717” while others write 1730. Some also credit him with being the governor of New France (which he was not).

In terms of western PA, Cadillac is important as he exemplifies the heavy French influence on the Miami, Ojibway, Wyandot, Ottawa, Potawatomi and other tribes in drawing them in opposition against the “English” settlers who were crossing the Allegheny Mountains and moving into the Ohio territory. The French influence was old and well established.[10]







July 17, 1734:




Sophie Philippine Élisabeth Justine
Duchess of Louvois

Jean-Marc Nattier, Madame Sophie de France (1748) - 01.jpg

July 17 1734-
March 3 1782

Died unmarried


[11]

July 17, 1735: Charles Taliaferro (b. July 17, 1735) [12]

July 1752: (GW) inherits rights to Mount Vernon plantation upon the death of brother Lawrence Washington. [13]



July 1752:

According to Sherman Day‘s 1843 book ―Historical collections of the State of

Pennsylvania…‖:



In July 1752, Mr. Gist on the part of the company, and Col. Fry, with two others, on the

part of Virginia, concluded a treaty with the Indians at Logstown, (14 miles below the

Forks of the Ohio,) by which the Indians agreed not to molest the settlements of the

company southeast of the Ohio…

Soon after the treaty at Logstown in 1752, Mr. Gist made a settlement and built a cabin

on the tract of land since called Mount Braddock, and induced eleven families to settle


around him on lands presumed to be within the company‘s grant.[14]



June-July 1754: The Albany Conference of June-July 1754 between the British authorities and the Iroquois ceded to PA the land west of the Susquehanna River “as far as the Province extends,” and south to the Kittochtinny Hills. This agreement formed the justification for settlers moving into western PA. In order to curry favor with the Indians in the Ohio area, Britain later rescinded this treaty promising the land west of the Alleghenies to the various tribal groups in a Proclamation in 1763 and then formalized the agreement in the Quebec Act of 1774. By the time these rules came into effect, settlers had already moved west of the Alleghenies, and the Quebec Act became an "intolerable act."

(See Franklin and Lydius.)

The town of Albany (NY) grew from a Dutch settlement c1614 as a trading post (Fort Nassau). It became an important trading center in the 17th and 18th century and is mentioned in several commentaries on trade and treaties. The trade began with the Mahicans, but when the Mohawk recognized the benefits, they had several fights with the Mahicans until the trade became split between the two Indian Nations. The Hudson River carried the ocean vessels of that time up-river to Albany and beyond (Troy, NY). The original Dutch settlement was sometimes referred to as “Orange” (Fort Orange built in 1624). When Canadian Indians[15] traded with “Orange,” they were smuggling. The French did not appreciate "their" Indians trading with the Dutch, but fear of upsetting the sometimes tenuous relationship with their fickle "brother" stopped them from interfering. The Dutch in Albany got into an argument with the "Esopus" Indians in the Hudson Valley, and—in one of those strange alliances, enlisted the help of the Susquehannocks together with Mohawks to settle the dispute. A peace settlement was arranged with the Mohawks and Susquehannocks as allies.[16]



July 1754: Villiers led a force of maybe 500 French and Canadian marines and militia plus around 200 Indians out of Fort Duquesne to meet George Washington and his militia troops at the Great Meadows. The number in this group is in dispute, some say 600 French/Canadian and 100-300 Indians. After surrounding Fort Necessity in the rain with both sides suffering from wet powder and exhaustion, he negotiated Washington's surrender and the English evacuation of the territory. Villiers was anxious to negotiate surrender—his Indian allies informed him they were leaving the next day, he was running short on ammunition, and British reinforcements of men and cannons could be heard “in the distance.” During this engagement, Coulon de Villiers‘ force suffered three killed and seventeen wounded.

Villiers continued in the French Army and later captured Fort Granville on the Juniata River. His major Indian ally was the Delaware, Captain Jacobs. Coulon de Villiers was the older half-brother of Jumonville, and it is that relationship that places him prominently in the history of the French and Indian War. In order to get the assignment to lead the force to the meadows, Coulon de Villiers had to pull-rank on another captain (François le Mercier) who had been assigned responsibility.

Louis Coulon de Villiers participated in several frontier raids on the PA frontier in 1755 and participated in the French capture of Fort Oswego in 1756. He also fought in the capture of Fort William Henry in the same year—1756. He grew ill in 1757 and died.

Accounts of the period 1763 record a “Major Villiers” at the French Fort de Chartres in the Louisiana territory (Peter Joseph Neyon de Villiers). The relationship between this major and “Louis Coulon” is not clear. Villiers was not an uncommon name in French Canada.

Confusion on the name—a question exists whether the character should be referred to as Coulon or Villiers. The compiler of this list prefers Villiers, but don’t be surprised in seeing it either way.[17]



Abenakis were included in the “Canadian Indian” category with Villiers at the battle at Fort Necessity in July 1754 and then again with Beaujeu and Dumas in July 1755 at the Battle of the Monongahela.

After the British surrender by Lieutenant Colonel Monro at Fort William Henry in 1757 to French General Montcalm, English troops were attacked during their “safe passage” retreat to Fort Edward. Some historians write that the Indians breaking the agreement between Montcalm and Munro were Abenakis. The “massacre” became a rallying-cry for the English colonials and is said to have heavily influenced the anti-Indian attitude of General Jeffery Amherst.

When General Forbes was advancing on Fort Duquesne in 1758, he was a part of William Pitt’s drive to remove the French from North America. General Amherst took the French fortress at Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia in July 1758. The French defense included 300 Indians—which were probably a combination of Abenaki and Micmacs. This defeat, along with other French losses, was a factor persuading the Indians at Fort Duquesne that remaining with the French would likely bring death to the defenders.

When the Ohio Valley Indians decided to evacuate Fort Duquesne in 1758, the French commander, Ligneris, realized he had no choice but to vacate the fort and lead the majority of his men north to Fort Machault (Franklin, PA) in order to regroup for a major counterattack on the fort plus serious raiding on British supply trains attempting to reach the confluence (later to become Fort Pitt) from Carlisle. Other of Ligneris’s troops rowed down the Ohio River to join French groups on the Mississippi, while another portion rowed up the Allegheny and then portaged into Lake Erie for the trip to Montreal.

During the Revolutionary War, most northeast Indian tribes remained neutral—presumably this would include the Abenakis, Micmacs, and others.

The word “Abenaki” is Algonquin and has a meaning denoting “easterner” or "people of the dawn land."

(See Deerfield and Fort William Henry.)[18]





Wednesday July 17, 1754

George Washington and James Mackay reach Williamsburg, Virginia after their retreat from the Great Meadows. Lt. Governor Dinwiddie receives Washington with impersonal courtesy. After giving his report, Washington is ordered to return to his regiment in Alexandria, Virginia. [19]



July 1755: Brownsville, PA. The present-day city is located at Redstone Creek. That was the location of a storehouse used by the Ohio Company and used as a staging area later for Braddock in his attack on Fort Duquesne in July 1755.[20]



July 17, 1762: Catherine II becomes tzar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia. Known to history as Catherine the Great, Russia’s ruler participated in the partition of Poland along with Prussia and Austria. In acquiring her section of Poland, Catherine acquired a large Jewish population. Although her first reaction to these new Jewish subjects was retraisned but comparitvely enlightened, in the last years of her reign, Catherine took the first measures which would lead to what became known as the Pale of Settlement. [21]



She encouraged German people to come to Russia by offering them free Homesteads because she felt that they were more industrious than the Russian farmers. It was during her reign that many German people went to Russia and formed their own German communities.[22]





Promises forgotten…She promised them many advantages and promised that their young men would never have to join the Russian Army. During her reign, she extended the frontiers of Russia and acquired most of Poland. After her death, her promises to the German people were soon forgotten and soon as many as could started to emigrate to the United States.[1][23]



When Empress Catherine II invited new immigrants in 1762, this applied to everyone but the Jews. Early anti-Jewish feeling was almost exclusively religious-theological in inspiration-Jews were feared because of their false teachings that might corrupt god-fearing Christians.[24]



July 1763. — Fort Pitt besieged by Indians.[25]



July 17, 1764: Thomas' (Smith) will in WB B Pages 374-375, Fairfax Co., VA., dated March 15, 1764, proven July 17, 1764, devises all land to son William, except for the land involved in the suit against Fielding Lewis, which land (in Spotsylvania Co., VA) is to be sold by William and the proceeds then given to son William, and Thomas' daughters, Susannah and Mary. It also devises 7 slaves, Lucy, Frank, Sally, young Nell, Lawrence, Charity and Robin to daughter Mary Smith. These slaves are later in the possession of Simon Hancock as shown in The 'Index to The Tithables of Loudoun County, Virginia and to Slaveholders and Slaves (1758-1786),' which lists the following slaves owned by Simon Hancock: Fan, Frank, Lawrence (Lall), Lucy, Robin (Bob), and Sarah (Sall). Frank, possibly Lall, Lucy, and Sall were still owned in said last tax year. Frank (a female) was sold to John Butcher by Deed from Simon and Mary in 1789, DB R P 237-238, Loudoun Co., VA., witnessed by Mary's brother, William Smith; and are likely the same people named in the Deed from Simon, dated 1806, DB 2 P 403, Henry Co., KY., which conveys slaves to his children. Said deed names 'negro slaves, Milly, Davy, Abraham, Grace, Lucy, Sall, Lett (illegible, also possibly Lell or Lall???), and Washington. [26]



July 1765: Richard STEPHENSON. Born bet1681-1715 in Ireland. Richard died in Berkeley County, Virginia in July 1765; he was 84.



Richard first married Honoria VALINTINE. Born after 1689. Honoria died in Berkeley County, Virginia in 1776; she was 87.



Richard second married Onoria GRIMES.



They had the following children:

i. John. Born about 1731 in Virginia. John died in Licking, Kentucky in October 1801; he was 70.

abt 1772-1780 when John was 41, he married Margaret MINTER. Born in 1755.

2 ii. Hugh (~1735-1776)

3 iii. James (~1737-1813)

4 iv. Richard (~1739-1776)

v. Elenor. Born about 1740.

5 vi. Marcus (1742-1806) [27]



July 1774: Col. Crawford, after receiving a commission to act as Deputy to Mr. Thos. Lewis, made a return of this survey to his principal, who returned it to the Secretary’s office, from whence a Patent issued signed by Lord Dunmore in June or July 1774, for 2813 acres, reciting under what right I became entitled to the Land. Hence, and from the repeated warnings, which it is said can be proved were given at the time my opponents were about to take possession of the Land, and afterwards, comes my title.

The title of my opponents I know will be: 1st. That Crawfords survey was illegal, at least, was unauthorized. 2d. That being a great land-jobber, he held, or endeavored to monop­olise under one pretence or other much land: and tho’ (for they do not deny the fact to me in private discussion, altho’ considering the lapse of time, deaths, and dispersion of people, I may find some difficulty to prove it) they were told this was my land; yet conceiving my name was only made use of as a cover, and in this they say they were confirmed, having (after some of the warnings given them) searched the Land office of this State without discovering any such Grant to me. 3d. That their possession of the Land, preceded my Patent or date of the Surveyors return to the Secretary’s office; or even the date of Crawfords deputation under Lewis, before which, every transaction they will add, was invalid.

But to recapitulate, the Dispute, if my memory for want of papers does not deceive me, may be summed up in these words.



1st. In the year 1771, Crawford at my request looked of this Land for me, and made an actual survey thereof on m account.

2d. Some person (not of the opponents) setting up a clam to part included by the survey, he purchased them out, bu~1 one cabbin, if not more, and placed a man therein to kee1 possession of the Land.

3d. It was called my band, and generally believed to be so

every body, and under that persuasion was left by some, whc uninformed of my right, had begun to build, before the pres­ent occupants took possession to the exclusion as I have related before of the person placed thereon by Crawford.[28]




July 1775: Col. Robert Bolling, of "Chellowe" was a member of the Conven­tion of July 1775, and died at Williamsburg while in at­tendance on that body. He was the son of Maj. Jobn Boll­ing, born in 1700; county lieutenant of Chesterfield; justice of the peace; and "for thirty years a member of the House of Burgesses." Between 1740 and 1751, he entered for over 20,000 acres of land in the present counties of Amherst, Bucking­ham, Appomattox, and Campbell for himself and sons, together with two small entries for Maj. Richard Kennon and Mr. Thomas Edwards. Bolling's Creek, south of Lynchburg, in Amherst County, was named for him. [29]

July 1776: Colonel Hugh STEPHENSON. Born about 1735 in Virginia. Hugh died in August 1776; he was 41.



In July 1776 when Hugh was 41, he married Nancy “Ann” WHALEY. Born bet1738-1740. Nancy “Ann” died in Westmoreland County, Ohio in 1794; she was 56.



They had the following children:

i. William Crawford. Born about 1763.

6 ii. John (1765-1832)

iii. Hugh.

iv. Annie Nancy.

v. Betsey.

7 vi. Marcus (Marquis) (ca1776-1824)

vii. Richard. [30]

July 1782:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Josef_II_medal.jpg/300px-Josef_II_medal.jpg

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A medal minted during the reign of Joseph II, commemorating his grant of religious liberty to Jews and Protestants.

Joseph sharply cut the number of holy days to be observed in the Empire and ordered ornamentation in churches to be reduced. He forcibly simplified the manner in which the Mass (the central Catholic act of worship) was celebrated. Opponents of the reforms blamed them for revealing Protestant tendencies, with the rise of Enlightenment rationalism and the emergence of a liberal class of bourgeois officials. Anti-clericalism emerged and persisted, while the traditional Catholics were energized in opposition to the emperor.

His anticlerical and liberal innovations induced Pope Pius VI to pay him a visit in July 1782. Joseph received the Pope politely and showed himself a good Catholic, but refused to be influenced. On the other hand, Joseph was very friendly to Freemasonry, as he found it highly compatible with his own Enlightenment philosophy, although he apparently never joined the Lodge himself. Freemasonry attracted many anticlericals and was condemned by the Church. Joseph's feelings towards religion are reflected in a witticism he once spoke in Paris. While being given a tour of the Sorbonne's library, the archivist took Joseph to a dark room containing religious documents, and lamented the lack of light which prevented Joseph from being able to read them. Joseph put the man at rest by saying "Ah, when it comes to theology, there is never much light".[12] Thus, Joseph was undoubtedly a much laxer Catholic than his mother.

In 1789 he issued a charter of religious toleration for the Jews of Galicia, a region with a large Yiddish-speaking traditional Jewish population. The charter abolished communal autonomy whereby the Jews controlled their internal affairs; it promoted Germanization and the wearing of non-Jewish clothing.

Foreign policy[edit]

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/II._Jozsef_es_katonai_1787-ben.JPG/220px-II._Jozsef_es_katonai_1787-ben.JPG

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Joseph II and his soldiers in 1787

The Habsburg Empire also had a policy of war, expansion, colonization and trade as well as exporting intellectual influences. While opposing Prussia and Turkey, Austria was friendly to Russia though trying to remove the Danubian Principalities from Russian influence. Mayer argues that Joseph was an excessively belligerent, expansionist leader, who sought to make the Habsburg monarchy the greatest of the European powers.[13] His main goal was to acquire Bavaria, if necessary in exchange for Belgium (the Austrian Netherlands), but in 1778 and again in 1785 he was thwarted by King Frederick II of Prussia, who had a much stronger army.[14] This failure caused Joseph to seek territorial expansion in the Balkans, where he became involved in an expensive and futile war with the Turks (1787–1791).[15] Joseph's participation in the Ottoman war was reluctant, attributable not to his usual acquisitiveness, but rather to his close ties to Russia, which he saw as the necessary price to be paid for the security of his people.[16]

The Balkan policy of both Maria Theresa and Joseph II reflected the Cameralism promoted by Prince Kaunitz, stressing consolidation of the border lands by reorganization and expansion of the military frontier. Transylvania was incorporated into the frontier in 1761 and the frontier regiments became the backbone of the military order, with the regimental commander exercising military and civilian power. "Populationistik" was the prevailing theory of colonization, which measured prosperity in terms of labor. Joseph II also stressed economic development. Habsburg influence was an essential factor in Balkan development in the last half of the 18th century, especially for the Serbs and Croats.[17]

Reaction[edit]

Multiple interferences with old customs began to produce unrest in all parts of his dominions. Meanwhile, Joseph threw himself into a succession of foreign policies, all aimed at aggrandisement, and all equally calculated to offend his neighbours—all taken up with zeal, and dropped in discouragement. He endeavoured to get rid of the Barrier Treaty, which debarred his Flemish subjects from the navigation of the Scheldt. When he was opposed by France, he turned to other schemes of alliance with the Russian Empire for the partition of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice. These plans also had to be given up in the face of the opposition of neighbours, and in particular of France. Then Joseph resumed his attempts to obtain Bavaria—this time by exchanging it for Belgium—and only provoked the formation of the Fürstenbund, organized by Frederick II of Prussia.

Nobility throughout his empire were largely opposed to his policies on taxes, and his egalitarian and despotic attitudes.[citation needed] In Belgium and Hungary everyone resented the way he tried to do away with all regional government, and to subordinate everything to his own personal rule in Vienna. The ordinary people were not happy. They loathed the Emperor's interference in every detail of their daily lives. As it seems, Joseph was reforming the policies of the Habsburg empire based on his own criteria and personal inclinations rather than for the good of the people. From many of Joseph's regulations, enforced by a secret police, it looked to the Austrians as though Joseph were trying to reform their characters as well as their institutions. Only a few weeks before Joseph's death, the director of the Imperial Police reported to him: "All classes, and even those who have the greatest respect for the sovereign, are discontented and indignant."[18]

In Lombardy (in northern Italy) the cautious reforms of Maria Theresa enjoyed support from local reformers. Joseph II, however, by creating a powerful imperial officialdom directed from Vienna, undercut the dominant position of the Milanese principate and the traditions of jurisdiction and administration. In the place of provincial autonomy he established an unlimited centralism, which reduced Lombardy politically and economically to a fringe area of the Empire. As a reaction to these radical changes the middle class reformers shifted away from cooperation to strong resistance. From this basis appeared the beginnings of the later Lombard liberalism. [31]

July 17, 1782

“Exract of a letter from a gentleman at Quebec, to his friend at Edin­burgh, dated July 17, 1782. ‘The resolutions of parliament to put an end to the American war, are, I am afraid, not transmitted to Canada, for the bloody butchery is still carrying on in the upper parts of this province. A Colonel Clark, commanding a large party of Americans in the illinois country, has been for some years meditating an attempt upon Fort Detroit, but hitherto has always been defeated by the vigilance and activity of the Indians. This year Clark had assembled about 4,000 men, and by late letters we have heard, that he was on his march to Detroit. He had ordered a Major Crawford to advance before his main body, with about 500 men, and they had actually reached St. Douskie, in the neighborhood of Detroit, when intelligence was brought to Major De Peyster, the commanding officer at the fort. He in­stantly collected all the Indians he could, and sent a Mr. Caldwell, a young American, with them, and a party of regulars, to surprise Major Crawford, before he was joined by Clark; he did so effectually, for he completely routed the party, and took about two hundred prisoners. The Indians, who were the chief actors in this scene, gave over the prisoners to their women, who in­stantly tomahawked every man of them with the most horrid circumstances of barbarity. It is unusual for the Indians to put their prisoners to death, but the Americans had this spring destroyed an Indian village, and put their women and children to the sword, for which inhuman act the indian nations are resolved to take full revenge, as Crawford and his party wofully experi­enced.”— [32]





Marshel to Irvine

No date.[33]

Dear Sir: Your favor of the 18th, I have received. I am much surprised indeed at the account you have received form [John] Slover [pilot to the expedition against Sandusky]. The intelligence he have me was bad, but nothing equal to what he has reported to you. He told me that the Indians expeted we would carry another expedition against them this summer, and that, at their council, they had determinded on two expeditions, one of which was designed against Wheeling; the other, they were not fully determined whether this country or Kentucky should be the object; that, in the meantime, they would keep out spies on our frontier in order to watch our motions and take a prisoner to know our determination. He did not mention a word to me either of their number or of bringing artillery. He said the Indias informed him that the night our people left the field at Sandusky, ther were some British troops from Detroit within a few miles of them (I think seven); that they had two field pieces and one mortar. This I think is nearly what he told me on his arrival.[34]

A gentleman at Quebec, writing to a friend in Edinburgh, July 17, took about 200 prisoners. The Indians gave over the prisoners to their

A gentleman at Quebec, writing to a friend in Edinburgh, July 17, 1782, says: "A Colonel Clark, commanding a large party of Americansin the Illinois country, has been for some years meditating an attempt upon Fort Detroit, but hitherto has always been defeated by the vigilanceand activity of the Indians. This year Clark had assembled about 4000 men, and we have heard was on his march to Detroit. He had ordered a Major Crawford to advance before his main body with about 500 men. and they had actually reached St. Douskie, when intelligence was brought to Major De Peyster, the commanding officer at Detroit. He instantly collected all the Indians he could, and sent Capt. Caldwell with them and a party of regulars, to surprise Major Crawford before he was joined by Clark. He did so effectually, for he completely routed the party and women, who instantly tomahawked every man of them with the most horrid circumstances of barbarity." [35]

July 1783

Franz Gottlob, born 1752/1753, had been in the service 6 years and one month since he had enlisted in Werneck (Germany) in June 1777. He had served as a Grenadier in von Linsingen’s 4th Battalion. His status: “Deserted; Deserted to the Enemy”. [36] JG



betw July 1783 and November 1789

(Franz Gotlop)unknown

Franz does not appear in lists of those taking the oath of allegiance to Pennsylvania.[37]



July 1783: I want more evidence, but it looks like Francis Godlove/Franz Gottlob of Hardy and Hampshire Counties was the Johan Franz Gottlob who deserted in July 1783 from Mallet's Company of the Linsing Regiment of Hessian Grenadiers shortly before they left New York after the American War for Independence. This Franz Gottlob was born in Werneck, principality of Würzburg (now in Bavaria). The military records give his year of birth as variously 1751-1753. An 1805 court record says Francis of Hampshire County he was 61 at that time, so born 1744.[38]







In reading of the published church registers for Berks, Lancaster, and York Counties in Pennsylvania and published birth and baptismal records for churches in Bucks, Chester, Lebanon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties in Pennsylvania and some for city of Philadelphia, I have found only:

JF

July 1783



07/1783 Lee of William Robinson vs. Zachariah Connell with William McCormick ejectment. Also on jury: David Lindsy. [39]Jury found for the dfdt. (4)







July 17, 1783

The 17th. News was received that 150 Hessian prisoners had been hired out for work by the Congress to the inhabitants in return for hard money, and that the inhabitants now demand thirty dollars for each man. Major Faesch,6 a German by birth, has thirty of them working in his iron mines. General Lossberg, who has commanded the Hessians since General Knyphausen returned to Hesse, has ordered those men redeemed who could be induced to return in exchange for the thirty dollars. Mean­while, it is presumed that many a German soldier will remain hidden.7[40]



July 1784: ‘Gilbert Simpson’s plantation or farm covered about 6oo of the 1,644 acres GW owned at Washington’s Bottom. Included on it were 152 acres of fenced meadow, “a good Dwelling House, Kitchen. Barn[41], Stable, and other necessary Buildings. ito bearing Apple Trees &c.” (GW’s advertise-ment, in Va. Journal, i~ July 1784). The gristmill stood about a mile from the farm on the bank of Washington’s Run, a small stream that flowed into the Voughiogheny River about three-fourths of a mile below the mill. [42]



July 1787: The colonial charters for New York and Massachusetts both described their boundaries as extending westward to the Pacific Ocean, but used distances from coastal rivers as their baselines, and thus both could claim the same land. The area in dispute included all of western New York State west of, approximately, Seneca Lake, extending all the way to the Niagara River and Lake Erie, and from the shore of Lake Ontario to the Pennsylvania border. New York and Massachusetts agreed to divide the rights in question. The states agreed that all of the land in question, about 6 million acres (24,000 km²), would be recognized as part of New York State. Massachusetts, in return, obtained the right of preemption, that is, the title to all of the land (except for a narrow strip along the Niagara River, the title to which was recognized to belong to New York), giving it the exclusive right to extinguish by purchase the possessory rights of the Indian tribes. The compact also provided that Massachusetts could sell or assign its preemptive rights, and in 1788 it sold its rights to the entire six million acres (24,000 km²) to Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham for $1,000,000, payable in specie or in certain Massachusetts securities then trading at about 20 cents on the dollar, the money used to repay some of the state's debt from the Revolutionary War. See also: Phelps and Gorham Purchase, Holland Land Company, The Holland Purchase, The Morris Reserve and The Pulteney Association. Similar western boundary issues involving these and other states were resolved by the Northwest Ordinance passed by the Congress of the Confederation in July 1787.[43]

July 17: 1793: Second of the three partitions of Poland takes place as Russia, Prussia and Austria divide this once proud kingdom home to one of Europe’s largest Jewish communities. As a result of the partitions, Russia, which had worked to remain Jew free would find itself home to millions of Jews. [44]

1793: Poland switched hands a few times, going first to Prussia (1793) then briefly independent under Napoleon (1807-1815) and then to Russia (1815 - 1918). It may be that your ancestor saw how the situation was deteriorating in the region in the late 18th century and left for America..

Mark Andre Goodfriend (Y67) DNA Match Inquiry, Date: 2/10/2007



July 17, 1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 "enemies of the Revolution".[45]

July 17: 1815: In France, Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort, Charente-Maritime to British forces. Napoleon’s final defeat would lead him to permanent exile on St. Helena. His final defeat brought a wave of reaction as the remanants of the old regieme in France and Europe sought to regain their old power and undo the changes wrought by the French Revolution. This reactionary wave would have a negative effect on the Jewish people and would be one of the driving forces that led to next wave of Jewish immigration to the United States.[46]

July 17, 1819:


1819

July 17, 1819

Age 34

Birth of Margaret Smith Taylor

Jefferson, KY, USA


[47]

July 17, 1821: Andrew Jackson entered Pensacola received West Florida from Spain for the United States.[48]

July 17, 1863: At Honey Springs, Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, the 1st Kansas



Sun. July 17, 1864:

Got a letter from wildcat

answered it and wrote one home

get a photograph

(William Harrison Goodlove, 24th Iowa Infantry)[49]



July 17, 1865: The regiment then went into camp at Savannah, where it remained until the 17th day of July, 1865, on which date it was mustered out of the service of the United States.



A few days later it was provided with transportation to Davenport, Iowa, and upon its arrival there, was disbanded, and the survivors returned to their homes, there to resume and discharge the duties of citizens, with the same fidelity they had shown as soldiers, while engaged in the defense of their country against armed treason and rebellion. No Iowa regiment has a more distinguished record than the Twenty-fourth[50], and there were only a few others whose operations covered such a wide extent of territory. Everywhere, in camp or garrison, upon the march, in battle, and under all the vicissituedes of its long and arduous service, it maintained in the highest degree the honor of the flag and its State. The archives of the State of Iowa and of the War Department at Washington contain no more glorious record of valor and patriot service than that of the Twenty-forth Regiment of Iowa Infantry Volunteers.



Since they were without money, the impatience over red tape became almost unbearable. Finally on July 17 1865, the 24th Iowa officially ceased to exist as part of the United States Army. The last casually had been an unfortuanate corporal in Company B, struck by lightning the day before while he slept. [51]



July 17, 1865

According to discharge papers (Ref#45) William Harrison Goodlove was 5 ft. 7 inches tall at age 27, of light complexion, gray eyes, dark hair and was a farmer by occupation when enrolled; he was discharged the 17th day of July, 1865, at Savannah, Georgia.[52]



Mustered out at Savannah, Ga., July 17, 1865.[53]





July 17, 1865: Goodlove, William H. Age 27. Residence Cedar Rapids, nativity Ohio. Enlisted December 30, 1863. Mustered December 30, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1865, Savannah, Ga.[54]



July 17, 1865

Saturday, September 24, 2005 (3)









July 17, 1877: Goodlove, W. M. (William M.)

Bellefontaine

Lodge No. 209

Initiated February 10, 1873

Passed December 1, 1873

Raised May 17, 1875

Dimitted June 25, 1877

Affiliated July 17, 1877

Susp. N.P.D. July 1, 1893

Reinstated December 3, 1895

Died December 26, 1915[55]



July 17, 1916

President Wilson signs the Federal Farm Loan Act, establishing a banking system for loans to farmers.[56]

•

• July 17, 1936: 1936: The Spanish Civil War began as the armed forces, eventually to be led by Francisco Franco rose up against the recently elected Popular Front Government. Franco’s rebellious army was a fascist force and the received active help from both Mussolini and Hitler. Anti-fascist forces rallied to the support of the French Republicans. For reasons of their own, the French, British and U.S. governments provided no support to balance that being provided by Germany and Italy. While thousands of volunteers from these western countries took up the cause of the Republic, the Soviet Union was the only government to provide aide. And that aide helped to what had begun as a broad left-wing coalition into Communist dominated fighting force. The Left saw Spain as a place to stop the march of fascism. The Fascists saw Spain as an easy victory and testing ground for the weapons that they would later employ in World War II. One of the most famous volunteer groups supporting the Spanish Republicans was the Lincoln Brigade, a fighting force that had a disproportionately large Jewish Population. For a vivid, yet fictional picture of Jewish involvement in the Lincoln Brigade and left-wing causes in the 1930’s, read Davida’s Harp by Chaim Potok. The fascist victory in Spain, including the failure of the Western allies to act, emboldened Hitler and Mussolini while frightening Stalin. All three felt the West would never stand against the Germans and Italians. For Stalin, this meant signing a non-aggression with Hitler. For Hitler, this meant he had a green light to do as he pleased in Europe. For the Jews it meant that the Final Solution was one step closer to reality. Numerous historians consider the Spanish Civil War that broke out in July 1936 a prelude to World War II. Spain, with a population of 28 million, became a bloody battleground of conflicting forces, testing their arsenals in preparation for the battle of the giants that was to emerge shortly. Jews did not sit on the sidelines in this crucial contest. Jewish participation, as a matter of fact, was stunningly extensive. In 1987, at a 50th anniversary commemoration of the Spanish Civil War, Chaim Herzog, then president of Israel, stated: "There were people who realized just what a fascist victory in Spain would mean. Courageous men from many nations volunteered to help the Republicans. Among them were democrats, socialists, communists... Typically there was a relatively high number of Jews among the volunteers - the highest proportion of any other group... I salute them as comrades in arms in the war against the Nazis." Jewish participation in the Spanish Civil War offers a fascinating, relatively unknown, chapter of Jewish resistance to Nazi and fascist tyranny. Up to 25 percent of the fighters in the International Brigades were Jewish, whereas the total global Jewish population at the time did not exceed 4%. It is ironic that Jews even formed their own Jewish Brigade in Spain, which fought heroically in crucial battles 70 years ago for the freedom of the Spanish people that had expelled them from its midst. The Spanish Civil War attracted volunteers from about 55 countries who knew the dangers they were facing in that bloody conflict. Nevertheless, they came in substantial numbers to join the ranks of the Popular Front. Figures of participants differ. Ernest Hemingway claimed that "over 40,000 volunteers from 52 countries flocked to Spain between 1936 and 1939 to take part in the historic struggle between democracy and fascism known as the Spanish Civil War." The lowest estimate speaks of about 32,000, but one estimate is as high as 59,380. The largest contingents came from France (7,000), Poland (5,000), the US (3,000), Britain (between 2,000 and 4,000) and Russia (in the thousands). Despite the conspicuous presence of Jews in International Brigades, Jewish participation in the fighting has generally not been acknowledged. There could be various reasons for that. Firstly, Jews were usually registered under the name of the country they came from. Secondly, in some cases the Jews used aliases, concerned that their being Jewish might expose them to greater than usual dangers in a war against fascist elements. Lastly, Jewish community organizations that would eagerly underwrite research on Jews fighting against fascists and Nazis were hesitant to do so in the instance of the Spanish Civil War, since those joining would be counted as communists and fellow travelers. While it is true that two-thirds of the American Abraham Lincoln Brigade were communists, many Jews were not. One volunteer wrote: "I am as good an anti-fascist as any communist. I have reason to be. I am a Jew and that is the reason I came to Spain. I know what it means to my people if Fascism should win." Hyman Katz from New York did not tell his mother that he was determined to leave for Spain. When wounded, he decided to explain why he enlisted against her wishes. He wrote: "Don't you realize that we Jews will be the first to suffer if fascism comes?" Samuel Levinger from Columbus, Ohio, son of Rabbi Lee J. Levinger, was killed in battle at Brunette. Throughout the war, the father remained a loyal friend of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. In-depth research, especially in the last 10 years, has proven that the extent of Jewish presence in that crucial war was truly impressive. Though Jews were only 10% of the Polish population, 45% of the Polish volunteers - 2,250 out of 5,000 - were Jewish. Jews, 4% of the US population, formed 38% of its volunteers. In France, 0.5% of the population and 15% of the volunteers were Jews. Britain, with a Jewish population of 0.5%, had 11% to 22% Jewish volunteers. Palestine had a Jewish contingent of 500, 498 Jews and two Arabs. For some reason, Jews from Palestine were distributed among diverse national units. There were Palestinian Jews in the Hungarian "Rakosi" Battalion, in the French "Six Fevrier" Battalion and others. The most conspicuous Jewish presence in the Spanish Civil War emerged from a group called the "Naftali Botwin Company." Naftali Botwin, a 24-year-old Jewish radical, was executed in Poland in 1925 for assassinating a Polish Secret Service agent. The special Jewish company was formed in the Palafox Battalion of the Polish Dombrowsky Brigade in December 1937. The company issued a Yiddish newspaper. The orders were written in Yiddish. It had a distinct Jewish banner, and the last stanza of the company's hymn proudly proclaimed "...how Jewish Botwin soldiers drove out the fascist plague!" The Botwin group was the only one in which Jews fought as a distinct group. Hence it became the major symbol of Jewish presence in Spain. In general, the International Brigades were utilized by the Popular Front as shock troops in the most dangerous places that drew the heaviest casualties. The Botwin Company was no exception - 120 of its men were thrown into an assault at the battle of Estramadura, in the defense of Madrid; only 18 survived. The company's courage earned it the "Medalla de Valor" from the Spanish government. Whatever motives brought volunteers of the International Brigades to Spain, with the Jews the ideological motive was dominant. Many of them may have been socialists or communists, but they clearly perceived that simultaneously they were fighting a sworn enemy of the Jewish people. The Jewish-Zionist angle was no less significant than the socialist-communist. It is no coincidence that the first casualty of the International Brigades was Leon Baum from Paris, and the last casualty was Haskel Honigstern, who was given a state funeral in Barcelona. The Spanish poet Jose Herrera wrote of him: "Haskel Honigstern, Polish worker of the Jewish race, son of an obscure land, killed in the light of my homeland." It is also no coincidence that when Juan Negrin, head of the Republican government, announced in September 1938 the unilateral withdrawal of the International Brigades from Spain for diplomatic reasons, the Botwin Company formed the rear guard of the troops as they withdraw across the border into France. Jewish participation in the Spanish Civil War put to a lie the assertion that Jews are by nature "timid and non-combative... that Jews did not resist the Nazi murderers because... submission is in their national character." When the first shots of World War II were fired, in the prologue of that ghastly war, Jews were not only present in overwhelming numbers, but they incontrovertibly proved their heroism.



100_0891

1936 Olympic Games: Anna Goodlove visits the United States Holocaust Museum in Washington D.C. In 1936, the Nazi’s hosted the Olympic games in Berlin.



July 17, 1938: Credible reports are circulating in Palestine that some of the attacks on Arabs are “merely part of Nazi intrigue to gain Arab sympathy and impair British prestige in the Near East.” [57]



July 17, 1940: The Vichy French government issued orders prohibiting employment of aliens (Jews) not born in France. This is one more example of how eager those at Vichy were to serve their new Nazi comrades.[58]



July 17, 1940

Vichy government regulations limit Civil Service employment to persons whose fathers are French. The regulations are not limited to Jews, but Jews are nevertheless a large proportion of those affected by the regulations.[59]



July 17, 1941: Twelve hundred Jews are murdered at Slonim, Belorussia.[60]



July 17, 1941: This marks the first day of the a fourteen day slaughter of the Jews at Kishinev in the Soviet Union; During those 14 days over 10,000 Jews would be slaughtered by the Nazis and their local collaborators.[61]



The operation is resumed July 17 and goes on until 1 P.M., but with less success. By 5 P.M. the tally of arrests for the two days totals 12,884; 3,031 men, 5,802 women, and 4,051 children. The Prefecture instructs local police to continue their search for Jews not found at home during the raids; a police van will be sent to each of Pari’s six police divisions for several days to collect arrested Jews. A total of 8,160 Jews are held in the Vel d’Hiv (1,129 men, 2,916 women, 4115 children), and 4,992 single adults and couples without children or with grown children (1,989 men and 3,003 women) are interned at Drancy.



According to a report of the Prefecture of Police, Parisians openly express reproach “for these measures, which they consider inhumane.”



Rothke reports that Darquier de Pellepoix thinks it will be possible to place the 4,115 children in various institutions in Paris and its suburbs. Rothke’s aim is to prevent dispersal of the children in case Berlin accepts Dannecker’s proposal and it becomes possible to begin deporting them, perhaps August 4 or 5. Darquier’s solution is set aside in favor of keeping the children and parents together and moving them to the Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande camps while awaiting Berlins’s decision. Rothke notes that “representatives of the French police have expressed many times the wish to see convoys toward Germany include shildren as well.” Novertheless, if parents and children cannot be deported together because Berlin fails to make an early decition or the children cannot immedieately be accepted to the East, it is understood that the parents will bedeported first. A negative decision on the children’;s deportation isn’t even considered; in the margin of his report Knochen note: “in my opinion [they] can be deported all the same after a decision of the RSHA,” the Main Office for State Security, in Berlin.



The French police representatives, who insistently voice support for deportation of the Jewish children with or without their parents, are led by Leguay, the Vichy police delegate, and the two leading Paris Police Prefecture officials on Jewish matters, Francois and Tulard.



Three considerations weigh in the French police officials’ demand that the children be deported, with their parents or after them.



First, the number of Jews arrested is far short of the German demands accepted by Bousqet and Laval. Between 20,000 and 22,000 arrests were anticipated, but the count of arrested adults in the agreed age ranges yields 8,833 potential deportees. To increase the number, the raids would have to be resumed, though they would be less effective because stateless Jews who escaped arrest would bwe on their guard. The SS expect their schedule for the dispatch of deportation trains to be respected; the French judge it best to give them a suitable number of Jewish heads by adding the 4,000 children. ‘The 13,000 total including the children will still be short of the 22,000 sought, but it will gain time and avert conflict with the Germans. It is clear that if the FGrench insist on deporting the children , the Gestapo will report it and Berlin will know in advance that there will be no official French opposition to the policy.



Second, failure to deport the children would involve the police and the Vichy administration in the material problems of their long term lodging, care and feeding, education, and legal staus. (However, for severlal days, the abomidable treatment of Jewish families in the Vel d’Hiv is proof of the negligence and incompetence of the French officials involved.)



For Leguay, Francois, and Tulard, it is absolutely necessary that the children be deported, If they are not, a problem will be created that will last for years. In addition, if one day the Germans are defeated, these children become adults will ask what has happened to their parents and will demand judgement of the French officials responsible for their disappearance.



The children must be deporteed, and quickly, so that French officials will be involved with them as briefly as possible. In the Loiret camps where the children will be sent, Leguay, Francolis, Tulard, and the Orleans Prefecture all have failed to make preparations for their arrival; nor, in a region that is one of France’s granaries, have they arranged sufficient food for them; nor do they concern themselves with proper hgygiene or health conditions, and many of these 4,000 children very quickly will become ill. Some will find their deaths here in the Loiret within a few weeks and will bhe buried in individual or common graves in local cemeteries. Finally, these officials will deliberately plunge these thousands of children into frightful emotional distress when they separate them from their mothers.



The third consideration that certainly musyt wigh in the French decision is a fear of public knowledge of the coming separation of families. Darquier’s proposal to send the children to shelters in Paris and its suburbs would make it necessary to separate children and parents at the Vel d’Hiv. There are terrible scenes ahead, and it will be less disagreeable to have them played out far away, hidden behind the barbed wire of the Loiret camps. Parisians will have no knowledge of these events, and their compassion for Jewish families will not be reinforced. On returneing home in the evening, Paris policemen will not be talking about the scenes of hysteria they provoke during the day. (When time comes to deport the mothers, French police at the Loiret camps, more or less isolated from the local population, will use their rifle bgutts to separate them from their children and pack them into sealed boxscars. It would be three weeks before boxcars would be sent for the children.)



On July 17, the French police representatives knoweingly and sysytematically sabotage any possibiltity that the children might be saved, including Darquier’s proposal that they be lodged in Paris area children’s homes. Darquier is fanatically anti-Jewish, but he shows more uneasiness at clamoring for the children’;s deportation than the police officials, who, seemingly little touched by anti-Semitic ideaology, surpass even Laval in their cowardice.[62]



July 16-17, 1942: A total of 12,887 Jews of Paris are rounded up and sent to Drancy; in all, about 42,500 Jews are sent to Drancy from all over France during this Aktion.[63]



Convoy 6, July 17, 1942



On Convoy 6 was Israel Gotlib, born December 3, 1905 and Josef Gotlib, born April 6, 1908 from Varsovie (Warsaw, Poland.)



Also on board Convoy 6 Israel Gotlieb born June 23, 1904 from Sosnowice, (13 miles southwest of Krakow, Poland.)



This convoy left the camp of Pithiviers with 809 and 119 women, a total of 938 deportees. A July 18 telex from the Kommando of the Nazi police of Orleans to the anti-Jewish section of the Paris Gestapo confirms this. It also specifies that among the deportees, 193 Jews (men and women) were sent by the Kommando of the Nazi police from Dijon, and and that the other 52 came from the Orleans Kommando itself. The telex adds that two original lists were given to the head of the convoy, Police Lieut. Schneider.



The list of names is almost completely illegible. It was typed on onionskin with a purple carbon, and the names are almost impossible to decipher. Family name, first name, place and date of birth, profession and city of residence are given. The spelling of names is extremely capricious. A majority of the deportees came from the Parisian area. The nationality is not specified, by the great majority were born in Poland.



The greatest age concentration was between 33 and 42 (550 out of 928 deportees). Adolescents between 16 and 22 were accompanied by their parents; there were 141 of them. There were even some young children, such as 12 year old Marie-Louise Warenbron, born in Paris on April 27, 1930, and Rebecca Nowodworkski, born in Luxemburg on September 13, 1928, who was not yet 14. [64]



Most of the deported had just been arrested in the Occupied Zone and sent to Pithiviers. With this transport, Pithiviers and Beaunela-Rolande, the Loiret camps, were emptied, in preparation for the arrival of the 4,000 children and their parents who had been arrested in the infamous Paris roundups of July 16 and 17 and placed temporarily in the Velodrome d’Hiver, Vel d’Hiv, the large indoor witner sports stadium in Paris.[65]



Two Gestapo documents concern this convoy: XXVb-65 of July 14 and the routine telex, XXVb-75, of July 17, sent from Paris by the anti-Jewish section of the Gestapo to Eichmann in Berlin, the Inspector of the camps at Oranienburg, and Commandant to Eichmann in Berlin, the Inspector of the camps at Oranienburg, and the Commandant of Auschwitz. This telex notes that a convoy left Pithiviers on July 17 at 6:15 AM, carrying 928 Jews, including 119 women.



When they arrived in Auschwitz on July 19, the 809 men received numbers 48880 through 49688; and the 119 women, numbers 9550 through 9668.



There were 45 survivors of this convoy in 1945.[66]



July 17, 1942: Irmgard Gottlebe, Irmgard born Schorcht (Deutsche) born am October 3, 1912 in Goth-Sieblegen; Todesort: Bernburg, verstorben July 17,1942. [67]



July 17, 1942: The 2,000 Jews from Holland reached Auschwitz. All but 449 were given their numbered tattoos. The 449 were gassed. [68]



July 17, 1943: Document CCXXI-19 describes Convoy 57 as “deportation to the East of 1,000 internees, among them many French in origin, and a large number of women and children.” A note of July 17 (DLXII-26) describes the organization of the departure of the convoy.



This was the first routine telex to Eichmann and Auschwitz signed by Brunner, the great master of Drancy beginning at that time. It indicated that the convoy left on July 18 at 9:30 AM for Auschwitz, not from Le Bourget/Drancy, but from Paris/Bobigny, with 1,000 Jews. On July 11, it was Brunner, not Rothke, who telexed Eichmann to ask his agreement for the departure of the convoy. The deportation list took on the appearance that would be maintained until the last convoys: neither place of birth nor nationality was recorded. Brunner knew what Auschwitz was. And while Rothke and Dannecker knew, too, Brunner was more cynical and wished to avoid extra work. So for him it was sufficient to indicate only the i9ndispensable items, first name, family name, date of birth, and profession k that would trick the deportees into believing that they were going to work.



The convoy carried 522 males, 430 females, and 18 undetermined. Of the total, 126 were under 18. The order is more or less alphabetical, but nationality, of course, is not indicated. However, we were able to establish the place of birth for most of the deportees by comparing the list with those obtained in the Ministry for War Veterans.



Henri Bulawko, who was later to be president of the Organization of Jewish Deportees of France, was part of thei convoy. This passage is from his book, Les Jeux la Mort et de L’Espoir (The Games of Death and Hope; pp. 51-3.):L



“Two nights and three days in the sealed freight cars. We were loaded 60 people where 30 would have had difficulty fitting… The train stopped. The door opened suddenly and all the questions were answered, an unexpected answer, unimaginable, inhuman. Brutally the door is pushed open and nightmarish moments followed. Strange people, in striped clothes, jump on the train, like gnomes who have escaped from hell. Behind them, the SS, rifles pointing at us and crying: ‘Los, raus, alles raus, Los’ (Fast, outside, everyone outside, fast).”



Sim Kessel, in Pendu a Auschwitz (Hanged in Auschwitz), also describes this arrival in Auschwitz (p.66):



“Schneller, Schneller.” Faster! How can we go faster? We are falling all over one another, caught in this unexpected ferocity. The women cry under the blows trying to protect their children.”



Upon their arrival, 369 men were selected and assigned numbers 130466 through 130834; 191 women were selected and given numbers 50204 through 50394. The rest of the convoy was immediately gassed.



There were 52 survivors in 1945, 22 of them women.[69]



On Convoy 57 was Wolf Gotliber, born April 14, 1907 in Mlatta. [70]



July 17, 1945: 1945: The Potsdam Conference opens in Potsdam, Germany. The leaders of the Big Three, Harry Truman, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin with the aim of settling outstanding issues related to the end of World War II in Europe including the fate of conquered German and liberated Poland. It was the fist meeting between the U.S. President and the Soviet leader. It was the last meeting with Churchill who would be replaced during the conference the new Laborite Prime Minister Clement Atlee. For public consumption, it appeared that the war time Allies were committed to punishing Germany for its Nazi atrocities. The relations between Truman and Stalin soured from this time forward into what became the Cold War. An argument can be made that Truman’s decision to recognize

Israel was a product of this Cold War environment. [71]



July 17, 1950: After the arrests of Harry Gold and David Greenglass, Ethel's brother, Julius Rosenberg was arrested on July 17, 1950. [72]



July 17, 1962 LHO files a change of address notice from 7313 Davenport to 2703

Mercedes, Fort Worth. O&CIA[73]





July 17, 1979: Jimmy Carter announces cabinet and senior staff changes.[74]



July 17, 1999: Subject: Samuel Vance and Abner Vance

Author: Tim Vance

Date: Saturday, July 17, 1999

Classification: Query

Surnames: Vance Vause Howard Burnsides Elswick Helton Smith White Whited Kiser Kennedy

I visited a man today by the name of John Vance, this John Vance is a direct decendent of Samuel Vance & Sarah Colville. Samuel b. 1716, d. 1778. Sarah b. 1715, d. 1792.

This John Vance is the 4th great grandson of Samuel Vance, My Father was the 3rd Great Grandson of Abner Vance & Susannah Howard, Abner b. 1753-63, d. 1819. Susannah b. 1767, d. aft. 1850. This John Vance I visited today could be my Father's twin brother, they are definately related. I have no documented proof that Samuel Vance and Abner Vance were related, but I saw living proof of it today, two people with the same last name could not look so much alike and not be related. I believe that Samuel Vance was the Uncle to Abner Vance. Any clues about these relations would be most appreciated by everyone related to both Samuel & Abner Vance.

Tim Vance[75]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] [see 5,600BC]
(NG, Nov. 1985, edit., p.559)(NH, 12/98, p.13)




[2] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.


[3] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt


[4] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1585


[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Babington%27s_plot


[6] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888


[7] wikipedia


[8] *For "Ordinance and Constitution of the Treasurer and Council and Company in Virginia

for a Council of State and another Council to be called the General Assembly in Virginia" see

Hening's Statutes at Large. Vol. I, p. 118.



tRecords of the Virginia Company, Vol. II, p. 93.




[9] Cavaliers and Pioneers


[10] http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm


[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France


[12] Proposed descendants of William Smith


[13]


http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwtime.html





[14] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 23


[15] Canadian Indians. A phrase used to encompass the Huron, Algonquin, Ottawa and other Indians living in the lower St. Lawrence region of Ontario and into southern Quebec. This group was the blood enemy of the Iroquois. They were friends of the French dating back to 1609 when they accompanied Samuel de Champlain down to the body of water now known as Lake Champlain. With firearms, they killed several Mohawk including a chief. Some write that this killing gave birth to the Iroquois hatred of the French.

http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm


[16] http://www.thelittlelist.net/abetoawl.htm#abenaki


[17] http://www.thelittlelist.net/coatocus.htm




[18] http://www.thelittlelist.net/abetoawl.htm#abenaki




[19] On this day in America, by John Wagman.


[20] http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm


[21] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[22] [1] Descendants of Wilhelm Pfaff, http://familytrreemaker.genealogy.com/users/s/c/h/Glenn-J-Schworak-Salem/Gene3-0001


[23] [1] Descendants of Wilhelm Pfaff, http://familytrreemaker.genealogy.com/users/s/c/h/Glenn-J-Schworak-Salem/Gene3-0001


[24] The Changing Face of Anti-Semitism, From Ancient Times to the Present Day, by Walter Laqueur, page 79.




[25] http://www.archive.org/stream/darfortduquesnef00daug/darfortduquesnef00daug_djvu.txt


[26] Proposed Descendants of William Smith


[27] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf


[28] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799 John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 28.


[29] The McKenney-Hall Portrait Gallery of American Indians by James D. Horan page 324.


[30] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf


[31] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor


[32] The Remembrancer (Lond. 1782), Part II, pp. 255, 236.

Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield pages 377-378.


[33] The above letter was written about the 20th of July, 1782.


[34] John Slover, one of the guides upon the expedition under Crawford against Sandusky, after his arrival on the frontier and while on his way to fort Pitt, seems to have had an interview with Marshel. It is evident also form the above letter that what he told him was in brief what he had heard and seen in the wilderness up to the time of his excape form the savages as afterward given more fully to Irvine, and at considerable length to H.H. Brackenridge, who wrote out his narrative. He gave to the latter, however, no information concerning the presence of British troops on the Sandusky (as he mentioned to Marshel and Irvine) or relative to artillery being brought so near the battle field; at least, nothing is said of either in his published account; nevereles his relation concerning whem was strickly true.

The following from “The Short Biography of John Leeth” (pp. 15, 16) is, probably, the only account extant of incidents transpiring at Upper San-dusky immediately before the arrival of Crawford’s army; it has information also concerning the bringing of cannon by the rangers:

“The spring following, I was married to a young woman, seventeen or eighteen years of age, also a prisoner to the Indians, who had been taken by them when about twenty months old. I was then in ray twenty-fourth year. Our place of residence was in Moravian Town [Gnadenhuettenj for about two years; about which time Col. Williams [Col. Daniel Brodhead], an American

regard to his character, I am altogether unacquainted; but I think there is reason to suspect his veracity.’ I could wish he

officer, took possession of Coshocton [in the spring of 1781]; and shortly after, the British and their Indian allies took Moravian Town, with me, my wife and children, and all the Moravians, prisoners and carried us to [Upper] Sandusky.

“After arriving at [Upper] Sandusky, the British would not suffer me to trade on my own footing and for myself; but five of them having placed their funds into one general stock, employed me to attend to their business for them; and two of them being my old employers, they gave me the same wages as before. Whilst in this employ, Cols. Williams [Williamson] and Crawford marched with an army against Sandusky, at which time I was closely watched by the Indians and had to make my movements with particu­lar regularity, though I had spies going to and fro by whom I could hear every evening where the ‘army was encamped, for several days.

“One evening I was informed the army was only fifteen miles distant [neat the present village of Wyandot, Wyandot county, Ohio], when I immediately sent the hands to gather the horses, etc., to take our goods to Lower Sandusky. I packed up the goods (about £1,500 worth in silver, furs, powder, lead, etc.) with such agility that by the next morning at daylight we started for Lower Sanclusky. I also took all the cattle belonging to the company along. After traveling about three miles, I met Capt. [Matthew] Elliott, a British officer; and, about twelve miles farther on, I met the whole British army, composed of Col. Butler’s Rangers [a company from Detroit, under the command of Capt. William Caldwell]. They took from me my cattle and let me pass.

“That night I encamped about fourteen miles above Lower Sandusky, when, just after I had encamped and put out my horses to graze, there came to my camp a man who was a French interpreter to the Indians [Francis Le Vellier]. ‘Well,’ said he, ‘I believe I will stay with you to-night and take care of

~ I told him he could remain there for the night, but I intended starting early in the morning. Next morning, after we had got our horses loaded ready to start and the Frenchman had mounted his horse, we heard a cannon fire at Upper Sandusky. The Frenchman clapped his hand to his breast and said, ‘I shall be there before the battle is begun;’ but, alas, poor fellow! he got there -too soon. Without fear or any thought but victory he went on to where a parcel of Indians were painting and preparing for battle; put on a ruffled shirt, and painted a red spot on his breast, saying,—’ Here is a mark for the Virginia riflemen;’ and shorLly after marched with the Indians to battle, where in a short time he received a ball in the very spot and died instantaneously.

“I arrived at Lower Sandusky on the second day, and remained there three days to hear the event. At length the Americans under Col. Williams [Williamson] stole a retreat on the Indians who were gathering around them in great numbers; but Col. Crawford, with most of his men was taken by them. They tomahawked all his men and burnt him alive.”

(Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield pages 304-305.)


[35] (The Remembrancer, London, 1782, Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.


[36] Nr. 10 Hessische Truppen Im Americanischen Unabhangigkeitskrieg (Hetrina) Bd. 1, Marburg 1984


[37] William Henry Egle. Names of foreigners who took the oath of allegiance to the province and State of Pennsylvania, 1727-1775, with the foreign arrivals, 1786-1808. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company reprint, 1994; Thompson Westcott. Names of persons who took the oath of allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania between the years 1777 and 1789, with a history of the “test laws” of Pennsylvania. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company reprint, 1965. JF


[38] Jim Funkhouser


[39] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html


[40] Diary of the Amirican War, A Hessian Journal by Captain Johann Ewald


[41] Barn. Normally the second structure built by a settler. A log cabin would be constructed to provide shelter while clearing the immediate area of trees (normally girding the trees upon arrival at the site). The first settler might exist on hunting and fishing awaiting the second year's grain crop. A typical barn might not be built before the second or third occupant and then would measure maybe 30 feet by 50 feet. The barn would be considerably larger than the cabin due to being required to hold probably two or three horses plus a pair of oxen and possibly two or three milch cows. The barn would store enough hay and silage to feed the animals during the winter and provide storage area for tools and equipment. A barn might cost $120.



Barn. Miller Homestead on Stone Manse Drive in South Park, Allegheny County. Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged photo.

A reconstructed barn with a stone base. Siting a barn on a slope enables "ground-level" entry into two floors of the barn.



1790 Barn Model. Meadowcroft farm museum near Avella in Washington County. Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged photo.

This detailed scale-model of a 1790s barn is accompanied by a photo of the original, and—as above, showing the use of a hillside to enable direct entrance to both levels.

Remembrance: The compiler helped build a pole-barn in 1947 that, after more than a half-century, remains the central workshop of an independent furniture maker. The Amish use of the mortise and tenon joint in barn building is truly a thing of beauty.

http://www.thelittlelist.net/bactoblu.htm


[42] The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1V. 1784-June 1786. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig

eds. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978.


[43] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hartford


[44] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com


[45] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_27


[46] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com


[47] http://www.geni.com/people/Zachary-S-Taylor-12th-President-of-the-USA/6000000002143404336


[48] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824


[49] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove


[50] 24th Iowa Infantry: Monument located on Union Avenue just beyond Park Tour Stop #15. Also a marker designating a sharpshooter’s line located 300’ of Fort Garrott and a marker designating the camp site located on Union Avenue behind Park Tour Stop #15. This unit was attached to Col. James R. Slack’s 2nd Brigade of Brig. Gen. Alvin P. Hovey’s 12th Division, Maj. Gen’ls John A. McClernand (relieved of command June 19, 1863) & Edward O.C. Ord’s XIII Army Corps and was commanded by Col. Eber C. Byam & Lt. Col. John Q. Wilds. (Vicksburg National Military Park, Louisiana, Mississippi.) http://www.nps.gov/vick/ia/ia24inf.htm


[51] Longley, Annals of Iowa (April, 1895), pp. 54-55/ ( The History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 208.)




[52] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003


[53] UNION IOWA VOLUNTEERS, 24th Regiment, Iowa Infantry: http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/template.cfm?unitname=24th%20Regiment%2C%20Iowa%20Infantry&unitcode=UIA0024RI


[54] http: //iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logan/mil508.htm


[55] Grand Lodge of Ohio, January 10, 2011


[56] On this day in America, by John Wagman.


[57] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[58] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[59]
French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial, by Serge Klarsfeld, page 9.

[60] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[61] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[62] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, pages 39-43.


[63] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1772.




[64] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 50.


[65] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 380.


[66] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 50.


[67] Gedenkbuch, Fur die Opfer des, Konzentrationsslgers, Ravensbruck, ,1939-1945, Herausgegeben von der Mahn-und Gedenkstatte Ravensbruck/Projekt Gedenkbuch


[68] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com




[69] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 434-435.


[70] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 438.


[71] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[72] http://library.thinkquest.org/10826/rosenber.htm


[73] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf




[74] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 498.


[75] http://www.colleengenealogy.net/abnervance.html