This Day in Goodlove History, September 21

This Day in Goodlove History, September 21

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

• • The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi aakov Kleiman, 2004.



“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.

•

My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.


Updates are requested.



Birthdays on this date; Lucas M. Winch, Martha Ross, Angela M. Nixon, Mary C. McKinnon, Letty Hitchell, Christina L. Goodlove, Sarah Gatewood



Weddings on this date; Almena F. Fee and Johnson P. Newman, Berniece E. Kula and Winton Goodlove





GOP Candidates Embrace Israel, Assail Obama Policies
By BETH FOUHY and KASIE HUNT 09/20/11 05:36 PM ET

NEW YORK -- Rick Perry, Mitt Romney and their GOP presidential rivals slammed President Barack Obama's Middle East policies Tuesday while emphatically declaring their ownsupport for Israel as the United Nations considered a bid for Palestinian statehood.

Republican front-runner Perry, the Texas governor, denounced the president's Israel policy as "misguided and dangerous," speaking to supporters in New York as the Obama administration worked a few miles away to thwart a U.N. vote to grant formal recognition to the Palestinian Authority.

Perry also accused Obama of appeasement, as did Minnesota Rep. Michele Bachmann, who assailed the president from the Midwest.

Perry's chief rival for the nomination, former Massachusetts Gov. Romney, issued a statement accusing Obama of "throwing Israel under the bus."

The Republican campaigns have similar goals: establish contrasts with Obama on an issue where he's struggled; chip away at American Jews' support for Democrats and prove their conservative, pro-Israel bona fides with the evangelical voters who will play a significant role in the GOP presidential primaries.

During the 2008 election campaign, Obama worked hard to reassure nervous Jewish voters that he would defend Israel as president. But he's faced doubts and criticism since then.

Perry criticized Obama's stated goal that any negotiations should be based on Israel's borders prior to the 1967 Mideast war, with mutually agreed adjustments and land swaps to accommodate population shifts and some homebuilding since 1967. Perry called that stance "insulting and naive."

Obama angered Israel earlier this year by endorsing a Palestinian demand that negotiations over future borders begin with the lines Israel held before capturing the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem in 1967.

In regard to potential official recognition, the administration has been working intensively behind the scenes to restart direct negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians and to persuade Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas to drop his push and avoid an explosive confrontation at the U.N. later in the week.





But Perry had strong criticism nonetheless, speaking to a group of ultraconservative Jewish and Israeli leaders at a New York hotel.

"Simply put, we would not be here today at the precipice of such a dangerous move if the Obama policy in the Middle East wasn't naive, arrogant, misguided and dangerous," Perry said, flanked by U.S. and Israeli flags. "The Obama administration has appeased the Arab Street at the expense of our own national security interests. They have sowed instability that threatens the prospect of peace."

Romney said, "What we are watching unfold at the United Nations is an unmitigated diplomatic disaster. It is the culmination of President Obama's repeated efforts over three years to undermine its negotiating position." He called for an end to U.S. foreign aid to the Palestinian Authority if the U.N. vote went the Palestinians' way.

The candidates' remarks represented their efforts to win over the conservative and evangelical voters who care deeply about GOP support for Israel. They back Israel as a U.S. ally in the fight against terror and as a rare democracy in the volatile Mideast. Some also support Israel for theological reasons.

Perry told reporters his support for Israel was in part driven by his religious faith.

"I also as a Christian have a clear directive to support Israel, so from my perspective it's pretty easy," Perry said when a reporter asked if Perry's faith was driving his views. "Both as an American and as a Christian, I am going to stand with Israel."

Republicans who describe themselves as evangelical prefer Perry over Romney – 33 percent really like Perry while just 17 percent really like Romney, according to an August AP-GfK poll. Republicans who aren't evangelical like both men about the same.

A third Republican candidate, Minnesota Rep. Bachmann, also weighed in Tuesday – but Bachmann, also an evangelical, left religion out of it and instead issued a statement calling on Obama to prevent Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from coming to the U.N.

"Ahmadinejad has shown himself to be an enemy not only of Israel, but also of the United States," the Minnesota congresswoman said. "This administration tried and failed to do outreach to Iran, reminding us once again that appeasement of deadly dictators is never a wise or effective strategy."

Perry also accused the Obama administration of appeasing bad actors in the Middle East in connection with the Palestinian statehood effort.

"We're equally indignant of the Obama administration and their Middle East policy of appeasement that has encouraged such an ominous act of bad faith." In a political context, "appeasement" is language used sometimes used to describe how European governments tried to accommodate Adolf Hitler without sparking war.

Obama's re-election campaign was prepared to deal with the political fallout and assembled a team of prominent Jews ready to defend the president's record on Israel.

"It appears to be a coordinated Republican effort to distort and misrepresent Obama's strong record and support for Israel, by these presidential candidates and others, for partisan advantage," said former Democratic Rep. Mel Levine of California, who spoke to The Associated Press after Obama's campaign asked him to.

In 2008, Obama won 78 percent of the Jewish vote against Republican John McCain. While few strategists expect Jewish voters to swing heavily toward the GOP next year, even a small erosion of support for Obama could make a difference in Florida, a major swing state, and in several House districts across the country.

Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes strongly defended the president's record on Israel Tuesday. "This administration could not have been a stronger friend and supporter here," Rhodes told reporters at the U.N. "What we're here to do is strongly support Israel and help work toward a two-state solution" in the best interest of both Israel and the Palestinians, Rhodes said.

Tensions are likely to escalate as the week goes on. Abbas, the Palestinian leader, said he will continue to seek full U.N. membership even though he says he is under "tremendous pressure" to drop the effort. The U.S. has indicated it would veto the proposal in the U.N. Security Council.

U.S. officials are insisting there is still time to avoid a divisive showdown, and have been working with Western allies in hopes of a last-minute compromise. Obama is to address the U.N. Wednesday.

____

Kasie Hunt reported from Washington. Associated Press writers Ben Feller and Bradley Klapper contributed from New York, Thomas Beaumont from Des Moines, Iowa, and Brian Bakst from Minnesota.[1]





This Day…

• September 21, 19 BCE: Virgil, the classical Roman poet passes away. Eclogue 4, the so-called Messianic Eclogue, is the best known of Virgil’s Eclogues or “Selected Poems also known as Bucolics or “Pastorals.. Written in 40 B.C., during the consulship of Pollio, Virgil's benefactor a year or two previously, it hails the birth of a baby boy who will usher in a golden age of peace and prosperity in which even nature herself will participate. The golden age is the new era of peace for which Augustus was responsible, and the child is thought to be the expected offspring of Augustus and Scribonia (the infant turned out to be a girl). The similarity of language in the poem to that of the Book of Isaiah gave rise to the idea, in the early Christian period, that the fourth Eclogue was indeed a prophecy of the birth of Christ. The similarity may be due to the fact that Jewish ideas spread over Italy in the second half of the first century B.C., and Virgil may have used his acquaintance with them to express the Roman equivalent of a Messianic expectation.[1][1][2]

19 BCE

Augustus reforms Roman family law, seeking to control promiscuity and promote childbearing. Abroad, his aide, Marcus Agrippa, suppresses unrest in Spain.[3]

18 BCE

The sons of Miriamne, Herod’s wife, Alexander and Aristobulus, return from Rome, where Herod had sent them to be raised. Herod marries off the former to the princess of Cappadocia, the latter, to his own niece. Whemn he later suspects them of disloyalty, he has them executed in Sebaste.[4]

16 BCE: Herod and Marcus Agrippa meet on the island of Lesbos, where they apparently planned Agrippa’s visit to Judea.[5]

15 BCE: Netzer dates the Theater’s construction at the Herodium to 15 BCE when Herod hosted the Roman general and statesman Marcus Agrippa at several sites in Judea, including Herodium.[6]



September 21, 1438

• Jews of Zurich, Switzerland were charged with perpetuation of the Black Death epidemic. Some were burned to death; the rest were expelled, 1348.[2][2][7]

Even the Black Death, or bubonic plague (1348-1351), which carried off a third of Europe’s population, was put into the service of killing Jews. Before the Black Death swept Europe, it had hit Mongolia and the Islamic Empire. Mongols, Mohammedans, and Jews had all died together without anyone having thought of blaming the Jews. But to medieval man it did occur. [1] The bubonic plague wreaked destruction in the Near East Before spreading to Europe, wiping out a third or more of its population. Jews were often blamed for spreading the disease by poisoning wells and were often tortured until they confessed their complicity. Pope Clement IV moved to quash the absurd charges, blaming the scourge on the devil in a paple decree, but to no avail. [3] [3][8]



1438 Jews expelled from Mainz.[9]

September 21, 1451

• Jews of Arnhem (Holland) were ordered to wear the Jew-badge by the city's cardinal, 1451. [4][4][10]

1452-1453

A major eruption that might have affected global climate was in 1452-1453 when records were much less complete.[11]

September 21, 1522

Luther’s edition of 3,000 (some say 5,000) copies issued from the press on September 21, 1522. It is because of its appearance in September that it has been frequently labeled the “September Bible.” [12] Luther used both the Greek and Latin texts of Erasmus in his work.[13] The appearance of Luther’s New Testament in 1522 remains one of the most noteworthy and far-reaching events in the history of the Christian world, indeed, in the history of the world. His Bible introduced mass media, unified a nation, and set the standard for future translations.[14] Prior to the appearance of Luther’s New Testament in 1522, numerous (15)[15] German Bibles had circulated, but none of these earlier Bibles or frangments met Luther’s two requierements for an acceptable translation:”It should be based on the original texts and should use a German comprehensible to all.” Furthermore, Luther insisted in his typically candid manner that “it is no use trying to find out from the Latin how to speak German, as those asses did. You must be guided by their translating accordingly.”Determined that his Bible would be as accurate as possible, Luther based his translation on the original languages, not the Latin Vulgate as previous German translators had done. Desiring it to be accessible to everyone, he rendered it into idiomatic German.[16]



September 21, 1553 Pope Julius III forbids Talmud printing and orders burning of any copy found. Rome’s Inquisitor General Cardinal Carafa (later Pope Paul IV) has Talmud publicly burnt in Rome on Rosh Hashanah, starting a wave of Talmud burning though out Italy. About 12,000 copies were destroyed.[5][11][17]

1553

Things changed radically when Mary Tudor, the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine, ascended the throne in 1553. Instructed by strict Catholics in her youth, Mary determined to censor Protestants and prevent the distribution of Scripture. Using threats of imprisonment and capital punishment to those who opposed her, Mary was able in part to succeed in rolling back the effects of Protestantism. She was labeled “Bloody Mary” because of the almost 300 Protestants who were burned at the stake during her reign.[18]



September 21, 1645

• Jews of Mogilev, Russia were attacked during Tashlich. [6][12][19]

1646: At the battle of Worcester, in 1646, Lauchlan Mackinnon was made knight banneret. His son Daniel had two sons, John, whose great-great-grandson died in India, unmarried, in 1808, and Daniel, who emigrated to Antigua, and died in 1720. His eldest son and heir, William, of Antigua, an eminent member of the Legislature of the Islands, died at Bath, in 1767. [20]





September 21, 1761



Deed of Lease John Augustine Washington to Valentine Crawford[21]

Deed Book 6, page 478, Dated Sept. 1761.

Office of the County Clerk, Frederick County, Virginia. at Winchester.

This indenture made the 21st day of Sept. in the year of our Lord 1761 between John Augustine Washington of Westmoreland County Lfl Virgtnia, Esquire, of the one part and Valentine Crawford of Frederick County and Colony of Virginia of the other part witness— eth that & for and in consideration of the yearly rents and coven­ants hereinafter mentioned to be paid and performed by the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs hath demissed leased and to farm letten and by these presents doth demise lease and to farm let unto the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs for and during the term of 10 years provided the said John Augustine Washington should live so long but ~n case the said John Augustine Washington should die before the expiration of the 10 years then in that case the lease to be at an end at the said John Augustine Washington’s death a certain tract of land containing 311 acres called Pitt’s Old Survey lying and being in the said county of Frederick in the Colony of Virginia aforesaid which said land was devised to the said John Augusitne Washington infeetail by the last will and testament of Major Lawrence Washington who purchased it by deed from Andrew Pitts as by the said will and deeds relation being thereunto had any more fully and at large appear the said 311 acres bounded as follows: (vis) Begining at a white oak at on the south side of the meadow about 28 poles below the waggort road and running thence north ten degrees east 164 perches to 2 Spanish Oaks and 1 white oak thence south 80 degrees east 80 perches to a .hite oak thence south 35 degrees east 160 perches and to 2 hick— orys thence south 43 degrees west 139 perches to a ite oak ence north 70 degrees west 20 perches to white oak and hickory thence south 32 degrees west 154 perches to 2 red oaks and a locust thence north 64 degrees west 108 perches to a red oak thence 29 degrees east 195 perches to the first boundary with all the Appurtenances theréunto belonging (except so much of the meadow ground as lies between a tract of land known by the name of McKeys and where the meadow fence now stands on the said Pitts Old Sur­vey) to have and to hold the said land and all other the premises with their & every of their appurtenances (except as herefore excepted) hereby let and demise unto the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs for and during the term aforesaid and no longer He the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs yielding and pay­ing yearly and every (during the term aforesaid) on or before the 18th day of October in each year for the first ren: in consider­ation of his building a dwelling house 15 pounds Virginia currency and for every year after 25 pounds of the like currency at the now dwelling house of the said John Augustine Washington in Westmoreland County and the said Valentine Crawford for himself and his heirs doth hereby promise covenant and agree to and with the said John Augustine Washington and his assigns that he the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs shall well and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the said John Augustine Washington or his assigns the yearly rent hereby reserved annually at the time and place before limited and the said Valentine Crawford for himself and his heirs doth covenant and agree that in case the said annual rent or any part thereof shall be behind or unpaid by the space of two callender months (that is to say the 18th day of Dec.) after the same shall become due that then it shall & may be lawful for the said John Augustine Washington or his assigns enter into the above granted premises to render and hold the same as if this lease had never been made and the said Valentine Crawford for himself and his covenanteth and granteth to & with the said John Augustine Washington and his assigns that he the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs at his or their own proper cost and charge all & singular the said demised premises with all manner of necessary repara­tions well and sufficiently shall repair support sustain and amend from time to time as often as need be during the said term or within the time after warning in that behalf to be given as is hereafter limited and at the end of the term aforesaid will so yield up and leave the same to the said John Augustine Washington and his assigns and it shall and may be lawfull for the said John Augustine Washington or his assigns during the continuation of the said lease at any time or times to enter into all or any part of the demised premises and of every or any part thereof there to view the estate of the reparation of the same and of all decays and the lack of needful reparatLon upon any such view or views found to give monition and warning to said Valentine or his heirs to repair or amend the same within one year then next ensuing and that the said Valentine Crawford or his heirs shall not work any the arable lands more than 4 years together but every 4th year they shall be fallowed and rested in husbandlike manner and further the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs shall keep all meadow land on the demised premises under a good and sufficient fence to defend at all time for incroachments of hogs and from everything unless at the proper time of feeding the same for cattle sheep or horses to be turned in and that the said Valentine Crawford or his heirs shall not nor will make or cause to be made during term hereby granted any way passage through or over the said land hereby demised or any part thereof by any person or persons whatsoever with horses coaches carts or carriages without the consent of the said John Augustine Washington or his assigns in writing for that purpose under his or their hands first had and obtained and also that the said Valentine Crawford and his heirs shall be allowed to keep under tennants not exceeding 2 to be under all restrictton,s that he is under in this indented lease and it is agreed by and between the parties to these presents this 18th day of Oct. which shall be in the year of our Lord 1762 the first rent shall be paid. In witness whereof the parties have hereunto interchangeably set their hands and seals the day and year first above written...

In the presence of us: John Augustine Washington

John Maccarmick Senior

William Simms Valentine Crawford

John MacCarmick Junior



At a court held for Frederick County on the March 3, 1762 This indenture was proved by the oathes of John McCarmick and John McCarmtck Junr. and ordered to be recorded.

Teste: Archd. Wager C.C.[22]



September 21, 1767

To Crawford, at this place, the next year, Washington directed his letter of the twenty-first of September, (1767)—the beginning of the correspondence set forth in the following pages. There had already been an intimacy between him and Crawford of not less than twenty years’ standing ; so that in writing to the latter in his new home beyond the Alleghanies, Washington was but corresponding with an old and tried friend. It will be seen that this correspondence was continued until near the time of the tragic scene which closed in horror the eventful life of Crawford.[23]







Yet Washington chose to forge ahead, as evinced by a September 1767 letter to William Crawford, a Pennsylvania surveyor:

. . . I can never look upon the Proclamation in any other light (but this I say between ourselves) than as a temporary expedient to quiet the minds of the Indians. It must fall, of course, in a few years, especially when those Indians consent to our occupying those lands. Any person who neglects hunting out good lands, and in some measure marking and distinguishing them for his own, in order to keep others from settling them will never regain it. If you will be at the trouble of seeking out the lands, I will take upon me the part of securing them, as soon as there is a possibility of doing it and will, moreover, be at all the cost and charges surveying and patenting the same . . . . By this time it be easy for you to discover that my plan is to secure a good deal of land. You will consequently come in for a handsome quantity.12

Washington was clearly willing to take considerable risks in seeking out choice land for himself. In the same letter, however, he warned Crawford "to keep the whole matter a secret, rather than give the alarm to others or allow himself to be censured for the opinion I have given in respect to the King's Proclamation." He concluded by offering Crawford an alibi should his behavior be called into question. "All of this can be carried on by silent management and can be carried out by you under the guise of hunting game, which you may, I presume, effectually do, at the same time you are in pursuit of land. When this is fully discovered advise me of it, and if there appears a possibility of succeeding, I will have the land surveyed to keep others off and leave the rest to time and my own assiduity." In fact, the letter marked the beginning of a very profitable fifteen-year partnership. Less than two weeks after he had received it, Crawford informed Washington about several tracts in the vicinity of Fort Pitt, and the two men continued to collaborate until Crawford's death in 1782.

Daniel McKinnon’s birth year of 1767 is the same year that General Washington acquired a claim to a tract of land consisting of two hundred and thirty four acres called “Mt. Washington” situated on Big Meadow Run, including Fort Necessity. It was confirmed to him by Pennsylvania, and surveyed on Warrant #3383 for “Lawrence Harrison”, in Right of William Brooks, and was patented to George Washington” according to the Fayette County History. There appeared to have been a business deal. I found a reference to this in Washington’s papers and diary which I will cover in a later chapter.[24]



We do know that Daniel McKinnon (Sr.) was also born in Fayette County, PA, formerly “Old Virginia” in 1767.[25]





No. 1.—WASHINGTON TO CRAWFORD.[26]*[27]



MOUNT VERNON, September 21, 1767.



DEAR SIR :—From a sudden hint of your brother’s,[28] I wrote to you a few days ago in a hurry. Having since had more time for reflection, I now write deliberately, and with greater precision, on the subject of my last letter.

I then desired the favor of you (as I understood rights might now be had for the lands which have fallen wthin the Pennsylvania line,)[29] to look me out a tract of about fifteen hundred, two thousand, or more acres somewhere in your neighborhood, meaning only by this, that it may be as contiguous to your own settlement’ as such a body of good land can be found. It will, be easy for you to con­ceive that ordinary or even middling lands would never answer, my purpose or expectation, so far from navigation, and under such a load of expenses as these lands are in­cunibered with. No; a tract to please me must be rich (of which no person can be a better judge than yourself), and, if possible, level. Could such a piece of land be found, you would do me a singular favor in failing upon some method of securing it immediately from the attempts of others, as nothing is more certain than that the lands can not remain long ungranted, when once it is known that rights are to be had. The mode of proceeding I am at a loss to point out to you; but, as your own lands are under the same circumstances, self-interest will naturally lead you to an inquiry. I am told that the land or surveyor’s office is kept at Carlisle. If so, I am of opinion that Colonel Armstrong,[30] an acquaintance of mine, has something to do in the direction of it, and I am persuaded hee would readily serve me. I will write to him by the first opportunity on that subject, that the way may be prepared for your application to him, if you find it necessary. For your trouble and expense you may depend on being repaid. It is possible, but I do not know ‘that it really is the case, that the custom in Pennsylvania will not admit so large a quantity of land as I require to be entered together; if so, this may perhaps be arranged by making several entries to the same amount, if the expense of’. doing it is not too heavy. This I only drop as a hint, leaving the whole to your discretion and good management. ~If the land can only be secured from others, it is all I want at present. The surveying I would choose to postpone, at least till the spring, when, if you can give me any satisfactory account of this matter, and of what I am next going to propose, I expect to pay you a visit about the last of April.

I offered in my last to join you in attempting to secure some of the most valuable lands in the King’s part, which I think may he accomplished after awhile,, notwithstanding the proclamation[31] that restrains it at present, and prohibits the settling of them at all; for I can never look upon that proclamation in any other light (but this I say between ourselves) than as a temporary expedient to quiet the minds of the Indians. It must fall, of course, in a few years, especially when those Indians consent to our occupying the lands.(85) Any person, therefore, who neglects the present opportunity of hunting out good lands, and in some measure (?) and distinguishing them for his own, in order to keep others from settling them, will never regain it. If you will be at the trouble of seeking out the lands, I will take upon me the part of securing them, as soon as there is a possibility of doing it, and will, moreover, be at all the cost and charges of surveying and patenting the same. You shall then have such a reasonable proportion of the whole as we may fix upon at our first meeting; as I shall find it necessary, for the better furthering of the design, to let some of my friends be concerned in the scheme, who must also partake of the advantages.

By this time it may be easy for you to discover that my goal is to secure a good deal of land. You will consequently come in for a very handsome quantity; and as you will obtain it without any costs or expenses, I hope you will be encouraged to begin the search in time. I would choose, if it were practicable, to get large tracts together; and it might be desirable to have them as near your settlement or Fort Pitt[32] as they can be obtained of good quality, but not to neglect others at a greater distance, if fine bodies of it lie in one place. It may be worthy of your in­quiry to find out how the Maryland back line will run,[33] and what is said about laying off Neale’s grant.[34] I will in­quire particularly concerning the Ohio Company[35],’ that we may know what to apprehend from them. . For my own part, I should have no objection to a grant of land upon the Ohio, a good way below Pittsburgh, but would first willingly secure some valuable tracts nearer at hand.

I recommend, that you keep this whole matter a secret, or trust it only to those in whom you can confide, and who can assist you in bringing it to bear by their discoveries of land. This advice proceeds from several very good reasons, and, in’ the first place, because I might be censured for the opinion I have given in respect to the King’s proclamation[36], and then, if the scheme I am now proposing to you were known, it might give the alarm to others, and, by putting them upon a plan of the same nature, before we could lay a proper foundation for success ourselves, set the different interests clashing, and, probably, in the end, overturn the whole. All this may be avoided by a silent management, and the operation carried on by you under the guise of’ hunting game, which you may, I presume, effectually do, at the same time you are in pursuit of land. When this is fully discovered, advise me of it, and if there appears but a possibility of succeeding at any time hence, I will have the lands immediately surveyed, to keep others off, and leave the rest to time and my own assiduity.

If this letter should reach sour hands before you set out, I should be glad to have your thoughts fully expressed on the plan here proposed, or as soon afterwards as conve­nient; for I am desirous of knowing in due time how you approve of the scheme. I am, etc.[37]

George Washington to William Crawford, September 21, 1767[38], Account Book 2 [39]

Mount Vernon, September 21, 1767.

Dear Sir: From a sudden hint of your Brother [40](1) I wrote to you a few days ago in a hurry, since which having had more time for reflection, I am now set down in order to write more deliberately, and with greater precision, to you on the Subject of my last Letter; desiring that if any thing in this shoud be found contradictory to that Letter you will wholely be governd by what I am now going to add.

I then desird the favour of you (as I understood Rights might now be had for the Lands, which have fallen within the Pensylvania Line) [41](2) to look me out a Tract of about 1500, 2000, or more Acres somewhere in your Neighbourhood meaning only by this that it may be as contiguous to your own Settlemt.[42](3) as such a body of good Land coud be found and about Jacobs Cabbins or somewhere on those Waters I am told this might be done. It will be easy for you to conceive that Ordinary, or even middling Land woud never answer my purpose or expectation so far from Navigation and under such a load of Expence as those Lands are incumbred with; No: A Tract to please me must be rich (of which no Person can be a better judge than yourself) and if possible to be good and level; Coud such a piece of Land as this be found you woud do me a singular favour in falling upon some method to secure it immediately from the attempts of any other as nothing is more certain than that the Lands cannot remain long ungranted when once it is known that Rights are to be had for them. What mode of proceeding is necessary in order to accomplish this design I am utterly at a loss to point out to you but as as your own Lands are under the same Circumstances self Interest will naturally lead you to an enquiry. I am told the Land, or Surveyors Office is kept at Carlyle, if so I am of Opinion that Colo. Armstrong (an Acquaintance of mine) has something to do in the management of it, and I am perswaded woud readily serve me to him therefore at all events I will write by the first oppertunity on that Subject that the way may be prepard for your application if you shoud find it necessary to make one to him. Whatever trouble or expence you may be engagd in on my behalf you may depend upon being thankfully repaid. It is possible (but I do not know that it really is the case) that Pensylvania Customs will not admit so large a quantity of Land as I require, to be entered together if so this may possibly be evaded by making several Entries to the same amount if the expence of doing which is not too heavy; but this I only drop as a hint leaving the whole to your discretion and good management. If the Land can only be secured from others it is all I want at present, the Surveying I would choose to postpone, at least till the Spring when if you can give me any Satisfactory account of this matter and of what I am next going to propose I expect to pay you a visit about the last of April.

The other matter, just now hinted at and which I proposed in my last to join you in attempting to secure some of the most valuable Lands in the King's part which I think may be accomplished after a while notwithstanding the Proclamation that restrains it at present and prohibits the Settling of them at all for I can never look upon that Proclamation in any other light (but this I say between ourselves) than as a temporary expedient to quiet the Minds of the Indians and must fall of course in a few years especially when those Indians are consenting to our Occupying the Lands.[43]85 Any person therefore who neglects the present oppertunity of hunting out good Lands and in some measure marking and distinguishing them for their own (in order to keep others from settling them) will never regain it, if therefore you will be at the trouble of seeking out the Lands I will take upon me the part of securing them so soon as there is a possibility of doing it and will moreover be at all the Cost and charges of Surveying and Patenting &c. after which you shall have such a reasonable proportion of the whole as we may fix upon at our first meeting as I shall find it absolutely

necessary and convenient for the better furthering of the design to let some few of my friends be concernd in the Scheme and who must also partake of the advantages.

By this time it may be easy for you to discover, that my Plan is to secure a good deal of Land, You will consequently come in for a very handsome quantity and as you will obtain it without any Costs or expences I am in hopes you will be encouragd to begin the search in time. I woud choose if it were practicable to get pretty large Tracts together, and it might be desirable to have them as near your Settlement, or Fort Pitt, as we coud get them good; but not to neglect others at a greater distance if fine and bodies of it lye in a place. It may be a Matter worthy your enquiry to find out how the Maryland back line will run, and what is said about laying of Neale's (I think it is and Companys) Grant.[44]86 I will enquire particularly concerning the Ohio Companys that one may know what to apprehend from them. For my own part I shoud have no objection to a Grant of Land upon the Ohio a good way below Pittsburg but woud willingly secure some good Tracts nearer hand first.

I woud recommend it to you to keep this whole matter a profound Secret, or trust it only with those in whom you can confide and who can assist you in bringing it to bear by their discoveries of Land and this advice proceeds from several very good Reasons and in the first place because I might be censurd for the opinion I have given in respect to the King's Proclamation and then if the Scheme I am now proposing to you was known it might give the alarm to others and by putting them upon a Plan of the same nature (before we coud lay a proper foundation for success ourselves) set the different Interests a clashing and probably in the end overturn the whole all which may be avoided by a Silent management and the [operation] snugly carried on by you under the pretence of hunting other Game which you may I presume effectually do at the same time you are in pursuit of Land which when fully discovered advise me of it and if there appears but a bear possibility of succeeding any time hence I will have the Lands immediately Surveyed to keep others off and leave the rest to time and my own Assiduity to Accomplish.

If this Letter shoud reach your hands before you set out I shoud be glad to have your thoughts fully expressd on the Plan I have proposd, or as soon afterwards as conveniently may be as I am desirous of knowing in time how you approve of the Scheme[45]. I am, [46]&c.[47]87 (1a)[48]



*To COLONEL JOHN ARMSTRONG[49]



Mount Vernon, September 21, 1767.

Dear Sir: Since I had the pleasure of seeing you at the Warm springs I have been informd that much of the Land upon Yaughyaughgany and Monongahela which was formerly conceivd to lye within the limits of Virginia and on which many of Our People have settled are taken into Pensylvania by the establishd Line now running between that Provence and Maryland and that Grants may at any time be obtaind from the Proprtary for Tracts on these Waters and being [informed], mo over, that the Office from whence these Rights are to Iss is kept at Carlyle it immediately occurrd from what you w telling me of the nature of your Office that I coud apply none so properly as yourself for the truth of these reports appearing but probable that you were the very person wi whom Entries were made.

I have therefore taken the liberty Sir of addressing ti Letter to you on the Subject of these enquiries, and to requ the further favour of you to advise me of the mode of pi ceeding in order to take up ungranted Land in your Proven What quantity of Acres will be admitted into a Surve whether a Person is restricted in respect to the quantity of La~ and number of Surveys. If the Surveys are requird to be 12 in any particular form or optional in the taker up to lay the as the nature and goodness of the Land and Water courses m point out to him. What the Expence of Patenting these Lan amount to per Thousand Acres. And what the annual Rei are fixed at afterwards. Together with any other useful hI which may occur to you for my Information and Governme as I woud most willingly possess some of those Lands whi we have labord and Toild so hard to conquer.

I have desired one Mr. William Crawford who lives up Yaughyaughgany, a friend of mine, and I believe an Acquaii ance of yours as he was an Officer in my Regiment and General Forbes’ Campaign to look me a Tract of about 2C acres and endeavour to secure it till he can give me advice of I have likewise taken the liberty of saying to him that I fully purswaded if the Land Office was kept in Carlyle a you had any share in the management of it that you woud me the favour of giving him any assistance in your pov consistent with the Rules of Office. And for such assistance Sir after thankfully acknowledging myself your Debtor woud punctually [reimburse you] with any expence that might arise on my account so soon as I coud be advised thereof.

I heartily wish that Mrs. Armstrong and yourself may find all the good effects from the Waters of the Frederick Springs that you could desire.

Mrs. Washington makes a tender of her Compliments to your Lady and self—to which please to add those of Dr. Sir, etc





TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1784



Leaves Washington County : " September 21. — Accompa-

nied by Col° Casson & Capt" Swearingin [sheriiF of the

county] who attended me to Debores ferry on the Monon-

gahela which seperates the Counties of Fayette & Washing-

ton, I returned to Gilbert Simpson's in the afternoon ; after

dining at one Wickermans [Wickerham's] Mill near the

Monongahela." — Washington's Diary. [50]



September 21, 1802

• Anti-Jewish riots in two Swiss cities, 1802.[26][42][51]





September 21, 1916

Willis Goodlove has bought a new corn binder.[52]



1917-1921

Attacked for being revolutionaries or counter-revolutionaries, unpatriotic pacifists or warmongers, religious zealots or godless theists, capitalist exploiters or bourgeois profiteers, masses of Jewish civilians (by various estimates 70,000 to 250,000, the number of orphans exceeded 300,000) were murdered in pogroms in the course of Russian Civil War.[53]



1917

Mitochondrial DNA was drafted to reopen the case of the death of the last Russian czar, Nicholas II. In 1917, the Bolsheviks gunned down Nicholas, his family, and his servants, ending almost three hundred yuears of Romanov rule. At the time of the murders, rumors surfaced that one of the Romanovs, Nicholas’s daughter Anastsia, might have survived. Two years after the executions, a deranged woman named Anna Anderson presented herself as the grand duchess, who by then would have nineteen years old, and claimed the royal forturne. Otto Reche, the Nazi race scientitst, would actually testify in a court that Anastasia and Anna Anderson had to be either the same person or identical twins, but Anderson never did collect and died in 1981. The controversy over Anderson’s true identity was not resolved until 1998, when mitochondrial DNA taken from a sample of her preserved intestines was matched against a DNA sample given by Qjueen Elizabeth’s husband, Prince Philip, who was a grandson of the czarina’s sister. There was no match. Anderson was exposed posthumously as a fraud, her marker identifying her as a former Polish factory worker named Franziska Schanzkowska.[54]



September 21, 1921

Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover, opens a national conference on unemployment, proposing price cuts and public works projects.[55]



September 21, 1922

• U.S. President Harding signed a joint resolution of congress expressing approval of the establishment of a national home for the Jewish People in Eretz Yisrael, 1922. [29][48][56]



Wed. September 21, 1864

Skirmishing all day changing lines and

Position a charge made on the picket line[57]



September 21, 1939: Reinhard Heydrich meets with Einsatzgruppen commanders and Adolf Eichmann. He orders the establishment of Judenrate (Jewish Councils) in Poland, the concentration of Polish Jews and a census of them, and a survey of the Jewish work force and Jewish property throughout Poland.[58]



September 21, 2010

I Get Email!

Jeff,

Thanks. I'm still hoping someone will be able to translate the yiddish book about him.

Bill Nmoyten



Bill, I think we are moving in the right direction with the translation. I am working out some of the details at this point and hope to move forward soon. Any additional information or recollections about "Abraham Ber Hacohen Gottlober", or any of the ancestors would be appreciated. Jeff Goodlove



In a message dated 8/28/2010 4:18:41 P.M. Central Daylight Time



Jeff,



Thanks for the response. He was definitely a Cohen. I have a copy of a letter writen to the Gottlober family by a Los Angeles Rabbi Rabbi F.E. Rottenberg dated June 5,1953. He sent a page from a book published in the 1880's in Warsaw. It was a picture of "five founders of modern Hebrew poetry and literature".Number five is listed in Hebrew letters as "Abraham Ber Hacohen Gottlober", Which would translate as" Abraham Baer the Cohen Gottlober."

Bill Nemoyten



Bill, Thank you for sharing this important information. First of all to be selected as one of the "five founders of modern Hebrew poetry and literature" is quite an honor. Honestly this does not surprise me based on the small amount of translated pieces of his works that I have read. His words really do jump off the page. I believe the greatness of a writer is their ability to transcend time, and Abraham Ber Hacohen Gottlober's work surely does. Secondly, his being a Cohen only underlines the DNA Cohen Modal Haplotype that all the Goodlove's, Godloves and many others that are DNA matches have. That we all have a common ancestry and are somehow connected at one point, even though some of our recent past has seemingly disappeared. We now have hope, through the miracle of DNA to reconnect, and through the writings of Abraham Ber Hacohen Gottlober we can see what life was like before. Thank you for sharing. I look forward to hearing more.

Jeff Goodlove





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/20/gop-candidates-israel_n_972680.html

[2] This Day in Jewish History

[3] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 54.

[4] The Timetables of Jewish History, A Chronology of the most important People and Events in Jewish History, by Judah Gribetz, page 54.

[5] Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 2011, Vol 37, No 1. Page 70

[6] Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 2011, Vol 37, No 1. Page 47.

[7] This Day in jewish history

[8] This Day in Jewish History

[9] http://christianparty.net/jewsexpelled.htm

[10] This day in Jewish history

[11] Geologytimes.com

[12] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 80

[13] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 24

[14] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 75

[15] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 99.

[16] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 76

[17] This Day in Jewish History

[18] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawllings, page 89

[19] This Day in Goodlove History

[20] Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 478.

[21][21] Note: From Annabel Tipton, a descendant of Valentine Crawford, quote-In brief, this means Valentine rented 311 acres of land from John Augustine Washington for 10 years, starting from Sept. 21, 1761, called Pitt’s Old Survey in Frederick County; that John Augustine Washinton inherited from Major Lawrence Washinton, who in turn had purchased it from Andrew Pitts. Valentin was to pay John Augustine a yearly rent of 25 pounds, due and payable by Oct. 18 and the rent was to be delivered to John Augustine’s house in Westmoreland County, Va. (near Mt. Vernon). Valentine received credit for 10 puonds the first year, for building a house on this property; and had to fence this 311 acres, to keep out stray hogs, other people’s carriages, carts, etc…no rods through it; and could not keep more than 2 tenants, besides his family on the land. And he had better pay his rent on time.-end quote

Whether Valentin Crawford and John Augustine Washinton, during that time (ten years), complied with this extremely binding contract, is not known. If Valentine became an agent and business manager for George Washinton (John Augustine Washinton’s brother), before the expiration of the contract, indications point to George Washinton, as a mediator for the release of Valentine Crawford and his obligation to George’s brother.

This document and agreement, between John Augustine Washington and Valentine Crawford, in general gives us an insight of the many obligations of severity, in the colonial days, before the American Revolutionary War. It is probably a sample of the imposing attitude of the higher European classes, upon the lesser and discriminated of their own countries.

(From River Cloyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U Emahiser, 1969 pgs. 80-81.)



[22] Note: From Annabel lipton, a descendant of Valentine Crawford, quote— In brief, this means Valentine rented 311 acres of land from John Augustine Washington for 10 years, starting from Sept. 21, 1761, called Pitt’s Old Survey in Frederick County; that

John Augustine Washington inherited from Major Lawrence Washington, who in turn had purchased it from Andrew Pitts. Valentine was to pay John Augustine a yearly rent of 25 pounds, due and payable by Oct. 18 and the rent was to be delivered to John Augustine’s house in Westmoreland County, Va. (near Mt. Vernon). Valentine received credit for 10 pounds the first year,f or building a house on this property; and had to fence this 311 acres, to keep out stray hogs, other people’s carriages, carts, etc... no roads through it; and could not keep more than 2 tenants, besides his family on the land. And he had better pay his rent on time. — end quote.

Whether Valentine Crawford and John Augustine Washington, during that time (ter years), complied with this extremely binding contract, is not known. If Valentine became an agent and business manager for George Washington (John Augustine Washington’s brother), before the expiriation of the contract, indications point to George Washington,as a mediator for the release of Valentine Crawford and his obligations to George’s brother.

This document and agreement, between John Augustine Washington and Valentine Crawford, in general gives us an insight of the many obligations of severity, in the colonial days, before the American Revolutionary War. It is probably a sample of the imposing attitude of the higher European classes, upon the lesser and discriminated of their own countries. (From River Clyde To Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser,1969. pp. 78-81.)

[23] The Washington Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield.

[24] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003

[25] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003

[26] See P. S. to Crawford’s reply (Letter No. 2).

[27] Crawford was one of the well-known frontiersmen. He was a surveyor and assisted Washinton to select the bounty lands on the Kanawha and Ohio Rivers for Virginia officers and soldiers, for their services in the French and Indian War. He been a captain in the Forbes campaign and was now settled on the Youghiogheny

,Sier. Afterwards a colonel in the Seventh Virginia Regiment in the Revolutionary ar he served on the frontiers; in the summer of (?) he commanded an expedition of the Ohio country against the Indians, where, after a hard-fought battle, he was a Prisoner and tortured to death in a most cruel and shocking manner. Washington, Writing to the board of war in 1778, said: “I know him to be a brave and (?), and of considerable influence upon the western frontier of Virginia.”

[28] ‘The brother of William Crawford, here referred to as having given Washington his first “hint” concerning the obtaining of a tract of land under Pennsylvania “ rights,” in the trans-Alleghany country, was Valentine Crawford.

[29] By the “ Pennsylvania line,” Washington meant the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Virginia, which, at that (late, was being run beyond the Alleghany mountains. His understanding as to “rights” was erroneous, as will hereafter be seen. Crawford’s residence was on the south side of the Yongliiogheny river, at what is now the village of,New haven, opposite the present town of Connellsville, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania. The date of his first improvements was the fall of 1765. In the spring of the year following, he settled there permanently.

[30] ‘John Armstrong. In September, 1756, as Lieutenant-Colonel, he led an expedition, composed of Pennsylvania troops and volunteers, from Fort Shirley, now Shirleysburg, Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, against an Indian village upon the east side of the Alleghany river, above Fort Pitt, called Kittanning, which was completely successful. The town was upon the site of the present Kittanning, Armstrong county.

[31] 1 The proclamation referred to was the King’s proclamation of 1763, prohibiting all governors from granting warrants for lands to the westward of the sources of the rivers which run into the Atlantic, and forbidding all persons purchasing such lands or settling on them without special license from the Crown. The region that Washington designated as “the King’s part,” was outside of Pennsylvania.

[32] A fortress at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at that date. The fort, previous to its occupation ‘by the English in 1758, was called, by the French, Fort Duquesne.

[33] Mason and Dixon were at this time engaged in running the boundary line be tween Pennsylvania and Maryland. The controversy between Virginia and Marylaro as to the western boundary of the latter was long undetermined, the “first fountati of the Potomac” having proved too indefinite a description.

[34] (86) As to Nails [Nealel and Company’s Grant, it was Laid on the fork of Monongahalia and Yochagania, which, if Pensilvania taks its charter, will take it. at an:Rate they Ohio Company you are the best Judge your self what will be dc,ne in it, o wheare it will be Lade.”—Crawford to Washington, Sept. 29, 1767.

[35] This company was organized in (?). Its members resided in Virginia and Maryland, with an associate in London—fourteen persons in all. Its object was the settling of the wild lands west of the Alleghany mountains, and to trade with the (?). Its members obtained a grant from the Crown of five hundred thousand acres of land, to be chiefly taken on the south side of the Ohio, between the Monongahela and the Kanawha. The company was alive at the date of the above letter, but no lands had been surveyed. The Revolution put an end to its existence.



[36] The proclamation of Octover 7, 1763, was issued to quiet the two principal causes of discontent among the Indians—the encroachments of settlers upon lands claimed by the tribes and the abuses committed by Indian traders and their servants. This Proclamation restrained all persons from trading with the Indians without a license and prohibited all settlements beyond the limits described as the boundary of the Indian hinting ground, thus putting both the property and the commerce of the natives under the protection of officers acting under the immediate authority of the King. Washing­ton was undoubtedly correct in his estimation of this edict, for the commissioners of Side, in their report on Indian affairs in 1769, characterized it as “mere provisional arrangements, adapted to the exigence of the time.” (See Pennsylvania Archives, vol.4, P.315.) Similar views were generally entertained. Chancellor Livingston in a letter to Doctor Franklin, respecting the conditions of peace previous to the treaty of 1783, said:”Virginia, even after the proclamation of l763 patented considerable traces on the Ohio far beyond the Appalachian Mountains. It is true, the several governments were Prohibited at different times from granting lands beyond certain limits; but these were clearly temporary restrictions, which the policy of maintaining a good understanding the natives dictated, and were always broken through after a short period as is evinced by the rants above mentioned, made subsequent to the proclamation of 1763.” ~11n I763 the Indian commissioners prepared a plan for determining more definitely limits of settlement and submitted certain bounds to the Indian tribes for their ~Approval. The line of separation in the northern district was completed and accepted by the Indians in 1765, but Sir William Johnson, while acquiescing, declined to give his ratification without further directions from the King. These limits gave

Middle Colonies “room to spread much beyond what they have hitherto been awed,” a concession made to the fact that the ‘state of their population requires ~greater extent.” The Crown had not given its assent to the acts of the commissioners, as late as 1769, although the plan had received a partial endorsement That lords of trade in 1767, and in the meantime the Virginians and Pennsylvanian are rapidly pushing their settlements on the Indian territory west of the Allegheny .5°fltairrs, in spite of Royal (April to, 1766) and Colonial (July 31, 1766~ proclama­th5 calling upon these settlers to leave the territory “which if they shall fail to do,

They must expect no protection or mercy from government, and be exposed to the revenge of the exasperated Indians.”—Ford.

[37] The Washington-Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield

The Writing of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 2.

[38] Crawford answered this September 29. an extract of which is given in note 86, Page 470, ante. The original is in the Washington Papers and is printed in Hamilton’s to Washington, vol. 3, p. 295.

[39] [Note 84: Crawford was one of the well-known frontiersmen. He was a surveyor and assisted Washington to select the bounty lands on the Kanawha and Ohio Rivers for the Virginia officers and soldiers, for their services in the French and Indian War. He had been a captain in the Forbes campaign and was now settled on the Youghiogheny River. Afterwards a colonel in the Seventh Virginia Regiment in the Revolutionary War, he served on the frontiers; in the summer of 1782 he commanded an expedition into the Ohio country against the Indians, where, after a hard-fought battle, he was taken prisoner and tortured to death in a most cruel and shocking manner. Washington, writing to the board of war in 1778, said: "I know him to be a brave and active officer, and of considerable influence upon the western frontier of Virginia."]

[40] The brother of William Crawford, here referred to as having given Washington his first “hint” concerning the obtaining of a tract of land under Pennsylvania “rights,” in the trans-Alleghany country, was Valentine Crawford.

[41] By the “Pennsylvania line” Washington meant the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Virginia which, at that date, was being run beyond the Alleghany mountains. His understanding as to “rights” was erroneous, as will hereafter be seen.

[42] Crawford’s residence was on the south side of the Youghiogheny river, at what is now the village of New Haven, opposite the present town of Connellsville, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania. The date of his first improvements was the fall of 1765. In the spring of the year following, he settled there permanently. The Washington Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield, 1877.

[43] [Note 85: The proclamation of October 7, 1763, was issued to quiet the two principal causes of discontent among the Indians--the encroachments of settlers upon lands claimed by the tribes and the abuses committed by Indian traders and their servants. This proclamation restrained all persons from trading with the Indians without a license and prohibited all settlements beyond the limits described as the boundary of the Indian hunting ground, thus putting both the property and the commerce of the natives under the protection of officers acting under the immediate authority of the King. Washington was undoubtedly correct in his estimation of this edict, for the commissioners of trade, in their report on Indian affairs in 1769, characterized it as "mere provisional arrangements, adapted to the exigence of the time." (See Pennsylvania Archives, vol. 4, p. 315.) Similar views were generally entertained. Chancellor Livingston in a letter to Doctor Franklin, respecting the conditions of peace previous to the treaty of 1783, said: "Virginia, even after the proclamation of 1763 patented considerable tracts on the Ohio, far beyond the Appalachian mountains. It is true, the several governments were prohibited at different times from granting lands beyond certain limits; but these were clearly temporary restrictions, which the policy of maintaining a good understanding with the natives dictated. and were always broken through after a short period as is evinced by the grants above mentioned, made subsequent to the proclamation of 1763."
In 1764 the Indian commissioners prepared a plan for determining more definitely the limits of settlement and submitted certain bounds to the Indian tribes for their approval. The line of separation in the northern district was completed and accepted by the Indians in 1765, but Sir William Johnson, while acquiescing, declined to give a final ratification without further directions from the King. These limits gave the Middle Colonies "room to spread much beyond what they have hitherto been allowed," a concession made to the fact that the "state of their population requires a greater extent." The Crown had not given its assent to the acts of the commissioners, certainly as late as 1769, although the plan had received a partial indorsement by the lords of trade in 1767, and in the meantime the Virginians and Pennsylvanians were rapidly pushing their settlements on the Indian territory west of the Allegheny Mountains, in spite of Royal (Apr. 10, 1766) and Colonial (July 31, 1766) proclamations calling upon these settlers to leave the territory "which if they shall fail to do, they must expect no protection or mercy from government, and be exposed to the revenge of the exasperated Indians."-- Ford.]

[44] [Note 86: "As to Nails [Neale] and Company's Grant, it was Laid on the fork of Monongahalia and Yochagania, which, if Pensilvania taks its charter, will take it. at any Rate they Ohio Company you are the best Judge your self what will be done in it, or wheare it will be Lade."-- Crawford to Washington, Sept. 29, 1767.
Mason and Dixon were at this time engaged in running the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland. The controversy between Virginia and Maryland as to the western boundary of the latter was long undetermined, the "first fountain of the Potomac" having proved too indefinite a description.]



[45] The Washington Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield, 1877.

[46] The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799

http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mgw:@field(DOCID+@lit(gw020319))

The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor.

[47] [Note 87: Crawford answered this September 29, an extract of which is given in note 86, page 470, ante. The original is in the Washington Papers and is printed in Hamilton's Letters to Washington, vol. 3, p. 295.]

[48] (1a.)1This letter is one of two from Washington to Crawford, published by Jared Sparks, in his Writings of Washington. (Vol. II, pp. 346— 350.) C. W. Butterfield.

[49] Armstrong was born in Ireland in 1725 and died at Carlisle, Pa,, in 1795. He emigrated to Prnnsylvania about t 7j y-~i p~S ansi scttled in the Kirtatinny Valley. Was I Colonel in the Continental Army in a 775-76; promoted to brigadier general Mar. a, 1776; resigned Apr. 4, 1777. In 1777 he was major general of Pennsylvania troops in i778 a Delegate to the Continental Congress. His son, John Armstrong, was the author of the Nesvburgh Addresses, and later Secretary of War of the United States under President Madison. Armstrong’s answer, dated Nov. 3, 1767, is in the Washington Papers and is printed in Hamilton’s Letters to Washington, vol. 3, p. 302.



[50] Washington after the Revolution

[51] This Day in Jewish History

[52] Winton Goodlove papers.

[53] www.wikipedia.org

[54] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 57

[55]On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[56] This Day in Jewish History

[57] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary

[58] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1762.