This Day in Goodlove History, September 20

• This Day in Goodlove History, September 20

• By Jeffery Lee Goodlove

• jefferygoodlove@aol.com•

• Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove•

• The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany) etc., and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), and Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with -George Rogers Clarke, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.

• • The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx•

• This project is now a daily blog at:

• http://thisdayingoodlovehistory.blogspot.com/

• Goodlove Family History Project Website:

• http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/

•

• Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.

•

• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi aakov Kleiman, 2004.



“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.

•

My thanks to Mr. Levin for his outstanding research and website that I use to help us understand the history of our ancestry. Go to http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/ for more information. “For more information about the Weekly Torah Portion or the History of Jewish Civilization go to the Temple Judah Website http://www.templejudah.org/ and open the Adult Education Tab "This Day...In Jewish History " is part of the study program for the Jewish History Study Group in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.


Updates are requested.



Birthdays on this date; Jennie Winch, John Mitchell, Sarah A. McKinnon, James W. Lyons, Linda Kagel, Benjamin Harrison, Levi Halliwill, Margaret Godlove, Mary L. Berndt

Weddings on this date; Diziah Welch and Joseph Hedrick, Emma P. Hoffman, and Wilbur R. Godlove



In The News!

Israel Urges Palestinians to Abandon UN Recognition Bid in Favor of Talks

Q

By Gwen Ackerman and Calev Ben-David - Sep 20, 2011 4:22 AM CT



Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas



Timothy A. Clary/AFP/Getty Images

Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, left, told UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon yesterday that he plans to ask the UN’s Security Council for recognition of a Palestinian state as the organization’s 194th member.

Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, left, told UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon yesterday that he plans to ask the UN’s Security Council for recognition of a Palestinian state as the organization’s 194th member. Photographer: Timothy A. Clary/AFP/Getty Images

Israel called on the Palestinians to abandon their drive for United Nations recognition and return to the negotiating table, a move analysts on both sides said was unlikely to succeed.

Israel is ready to “negotiate at the highest level,” Mark Regev, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s spokesman, said today, hours after the premier urged Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas to return to talks this week in New York.

Meeting with Netanyahu is not on Abbas’s agenda, Husam Zomlot, a spokesman for the Palestinian delegation said late yesterday. “This is part of Netanyahu’s routine of playing games,” he said.

Abbas told UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon yesterday that he plans to ask the UN’s Security Council for recognition of a Palestinian state as the organization’s 194th member. The initiative comes a year after negotiations with Israel collapsed following Netanyahu’s refusal to extend a 10-month partial freeze of construction in the West Bank’s Jewish settlements. Abbas said he won’t resume talks while building continues.

Netanyahu has repeatedly said that Abbas should restart direct talks though he hasn’t offered to resume the freeze in settlement building.

‘Lost Confidence’

“Abbas has very much lost confidence in Netanyahu and his government’s ability to negotiate seriously and he has made up his mind to go to the Security Council,” Mkhaimar Abusada, a political scientist at Gaza Strip’s Al-Azhar University, said in a telephone interview. “The only thing that could deter Abbas from going to the Security Council is if a very serious proposal is put on the table, which would mean an Israeli halt of settlement expansion and acceptance of 1967 borders for a two- state solution and I don’t think Netanyahu will accept that.”

The U.S. and Israel are pressing members of the 15-nation Security Council to deny the Palestinians the nine votes they need for membership so the U.S. would not be forced to use its veto. That effort is gaining traction, according to an Israeli official who spoke on condition of anonymity because he wasn’t authorized to speak on record.

“It looks like the Palestinians are determined to go through with this, come what may,” said Jonathan Spyer, a political scientist at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya.

EU Effort

The EU’s foreign policy chief, Catherine Ashton, and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, representing the so-called Quartet mediating group, are leading a last-minute bid for a statement that might lure Abbas back into negotiations and, the U.S. hopes, delay any UN action. The Quartet is comprised of the U.S., UN, European Union and Russia.

“The best outcome of all the negotiations and discussions taking place here in New York this week would be if Palestinians and Israelis agreed to go back in to negotiations together,” British Foreign Secretary William Hague told the UN General Assembly yesterday. “We along with all the other 26 countries of the European Union have withheld our position on how we would vote on any resolution that may come forward in the General Assembly in order to exert as much pressure on both sides to return to negotiations. That is the only real way forward.”

Asked yesterday whether his government might compromise on seeking UN membership, Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erakat, said: “Nothing has changed.”

To contact the reporters on this story: Gwen Ackerman in Jerusalem at gackerman@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Andrew J. Barden at barden@bloomberg.net.



This Day…

September 2008: 35,000 years ago…A flute, excavated in September 2008 from a German cave, is the oldest handmade musical instrument ever found, archaeologists said. Archaeologist Nicholas Conrad, displaying the flute at a news conference on June 24, 2009 assembled the flute from 12 pieces of griffon vulture bone scattered in the Hohle Fels cave. Conrad said the 8.6-inch flute was crafted about 35,000 years ago.



About 35,000 years ago…

Northern Asia was a land dominated by steppe and tundra, running in a wide and uninterrupted ribbon fromn the Ukraine in the west to the high plateau of Mongolia in the east. Archaeological sites in Mongolia dated to thirty five thousand yeatrs ago witness the arrival of hunting bands with sophisticated flint arrow points in this bleak terrain at about the same time that modern humans were beginning to dominate the plains of western Europe. Their lives would have run along similar lines to the early Europeans dominated by the seasonal migrations of the tundra animals and the fight to survive the unforginving winters. We understand very little about the mitochondrial genetics of this vast region because it has not been widely sampled, but we do know enough to be able to be absolutely sure that it was from here that the colonization of the

Americas was launched. [1]



[2]



• “O, O3” Y-Chromosome Lineage

• Believed to have originated in Siberia 35,000 years ago. Appears in 80 to 90 percent of all human males in East and Southeast Asia and is almost exclusive to that region. O3 shows up in more than 50 percent of Chinese males and about 40 percent of northeastern Asians in Manchuria and Korea.[3]



• “R, R1, R2” Y-Chromosome Lineage

• Believed to have originated somewhere in northwestern Asia between 30,000 and 35,000 years ago. R1 is very common throughout Europe and western Eurasia. R2, which is much rare, is found only in Indian, Iranian, and central Asian populations.[4]

• I Mitochondrial Lineage

• At the time the ancestors of modern western Europeans, the members of the R1b clan started wandering into Europe in earnest around 35,000 yuears ago, they encountered another hominid living there, the Neandertals. [5] Believed to have arisen in Eurasia some 30,000 years ago and one of the first haplogroups to move into Europe. It’s the lineage of the 5,000 year old Ice Man and is found mostly in southern Europe, but also in Egypt and Arabia.[6]

The Walls of France’s Chauvet cave, occupied 32,000 years ago, are painted with lions, hyenas and bears , perhaps the oldest paintings in the world.[7]

•

• [8]

• 30,000 years ago: Massive Ice sheets ripped most of the northern Hemisphere.They flowed south from the Arctic across most of Europe. Actually sheets does not begin to describe the thick humongous masses of ice that scoured and sculpted the landscape, grinding it down, and carrying everything with them. 100 miles south of the ice sheets, near modern day Sarlat, France, a different terrain existed. Here evidence suggests Homosapiens, modern humans found a place to live and they carved out an existence in a sustainable but still challenging and cold environment. This human quest for survival ushered in the next great chapter in the history of earth. [9] The erratic swings would have made the Cave bears particularly vulnerable ot the last ice age, which began around 30,000 years age. The prolonged cold period shortened or eliminated growing seasons and changed the distribution of plant specied across Europe. [10]

•

• “E3b” Y-Chromosome Lineage
30,000 years ago

• Believed to have evolved in the Middle East before spreading into the Mediterranean during the Pleistocene Neolithic expansion. Found in many Arab populations and in areas around the Mediterranean; in East and North Africa, particularly among the Berbers; and in southeastern Europe.[11]

•

• “G, G2” Y-Chromosome Lineage

• May have originated along the eastern edge of the Middle east or in India or Pakistan 30,000 years ago and has dispersed into central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The G2 branch of this lineage (containing the P15 mutation) is found most often in the Causasus, the Balkans, Italy, and the Middle East.[12]

•

• “L” Y-Chromosome Lineage

• Common in India, where it likely originated 30,000 years ago.[13]

Neanderthals went extinct around 30,000 years ago, so our only knowledge of them comes from the fossil record. [14]

At Monteverde in northern Chile, where fragments of wood, possibly part of a shelter, have been found at levels originally dated at thirty thousand years ago, although this has now been revised to a later date by the archaeologist who excavated the site. No human remains have been found at either Pedro Furada or Monteverde, and a big question hangs over the authenticity of both sites.[15]

• “H” Y-Chromosome Lineage

• Arose 20,000 to 30,000 years ago and is almost entirely restricted to India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan, where it probably originated.[16]

• September 20, 357 B.C.E.: Birthdate of Alexander the Great. Alexander's eastern conquests would bring the Jews in contact with Greek Culture. The conflict between Greek and Jewish values would become a dominant motif in Jewish history over the next several centuries. The Jewish view of Alexander was positive, if somewhat idealized. [1][17]

436-358 BCE: The idea that the Persian king ruled over the entire world was well recorded in biblical and postbiblical sources. In the book of Esther, which is situated in the Persian capital, we read at several points that Ahasuerus, king of Pwersia (commonly identified as Artaxerxes II, c. 436-358 BCE), ruled an empire made of “127 kingdoms from India unto Ethiopia [cush]” (1:1 8-9).[18]

September 20, 1187: Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem. When the siege ended in October, the Moslems recaptured the city leading to the near collapse of Christian control in the Holy Land. Saladin allowed the Jews to return to the City of David from which they had been banned by the Christian Crusaders. (Saladin’s victory would lead to the Third Crusade.[2][19]

September 20, 1540: The first auto da fe in Lisbon of those forcibly converted to Christianity (conversos) is held. The term auto da fe literally means act of faith. In point of fact it was a public execution in the form of a burning at the stake. [3][20]

September 20, 1759: GW's first expansion of the Mount Vernon property occurred in December 1757, when he bought two pieces of land on the plantation's northern boundary from Sampson Darrell (d. 1777) of Fairfax County: a tract of 200 acres on Dogue Run and an adjoining tract of 300 acres on Little Hunting Creek. The total price of these two tracts was?350, which GW paid with?260 in cash and a bond for?90 due in two years, and in return he received Darrell's bond guaranteeing him title to the land (LEDGER A, 49; bond of Darrell to GW, 20 December 20, 1757, ViMtV). But the official deeds were not immediately signed and recorded in court because the property was held under right of dower by Darrell's mother, Ann, for her lifetime; only after her death would it revert to Darrell as a surviving son. Thus, although GW owned Darrell's rights to the land, he could not obtain the deeds until Ann died or rented the land to him. GW did not have to await her death, because on September 20, 1759 he signed a lease with her and her present husband, Thomas Smith (d. 1764) of Fairfax County, agreeing thereby to pay them 1,030 pounds of tobacco a year until Ann died (lease of Thomas and Ann Smith to GW, PHi: Gratz Collection; LEDGER A, 111). Having recorded the lease on this day, GW was eager to get and record Darrell's deeds, but he was obliged to wait for the May court session (deeds of Darrell to GW, May 19-20, 1760, Fairfax County Deeds, Book D-1, 681--92, Vi Microfilm). [21]

September 20, 1774: No. 26.—William CRAWFORD[22] TO George WASHINGTON.

•

•

• STEWART’S CROSSING, September 20, 1774.

•

• SIR:—It has not been in my power, since your letter came to my hand requesting me to run the land over again at the Round Bottom, to do SO. I am now going to start upon our new expedition, and shall take my instruments with me and comply with your request in each particular as far as in my power. [23]

• I have, I believe, as much land lying on the Little Kanawha as will make up the quantity you want, that I in­tended to lay your grants on; but if you want it, you can have it, and I will try to get other land for that purpose. [24] It lies about fifteen or twenty miles up that river, on the lower side, amid is all ready run out in tracts of about three thousand and some odd acres; others about twenty-five hun­dred acres; all well marked and bounded. As soon as I re­turn I will send you the draft made out; but I have not time to have it done now. I do not hear anything of Cresap’s claim now, as no person lives upon it or any of your land since the Indians broke out. I spoke to Lord Dunmore in regard to it, and in what manner your property is claimed and how these people took possession of the land. He says it can make no odds, as you have the first claim, and a patent besides; so that I believe it is out of the power of any person to prejudice him against you.

• I this day am to set out with the first division for the mouth of Hockhocking, [25] and there to erect a post on your Bottom, where the whole of the troops are to rendezvous. [26] From there they are to proceed to the Shawanese towns, if the Indians do not comply with his Lordship’s terms; which are, to give six hostages for their good behavior. This, I believe, they will do. Lord Dunmore has had a conference with them; but I do not know what is done as yet; but they will meet him at ( ) where I believe we shall set­tle all matters.

• Your other matters here, Mr. Young will inform you how they are settled. Valentine Crawford says some per­son has been endeavoring to prejudice you against him about your business in his care. As far as I know, or be­lieve, he has done all that he could do for you, and has been at much risk and expense; but you will be better able to judge when you see his return.

• Lord Dunmore has orders from home, by the last mail, to take charge of all the New Purchase, and to execute the laws of Virginia, until his Majesty’s pleasure is further known. [27] I am, etc.[28]

•

•

• September 20, 1755. On the roll of Capt. Josiah Stone's Co., in Col. Josiah Brown's regiment, going to Crown Point, are the following, mostly from this town:

•

• Capt. Josiah Stone.

• Lt. Benj. Fasale.

• Ens. John Stone.

•

•

• PRIVATES.

• Elisha Kendall.

• David Haven.

• Daniel Whitney.

• Eben'r. Haven.

• David Clark.

• Samuel Morse.

• Benajah Morse.

• John Nichols.

• Richard Rice.

• Peter Jenison.

• Nathan Winch, Jr.

• John Jenison.

• Ephraim Shaddock.

• Nath'l Muzzey.

• Isaac Gibbs, Jr.

• Daniel Rice.

• Joseph Stone.

• Phinehas Graves.

• James Stuart.[29]

•

• In 1755 (Lawrence Harrison) sold Land in Orange Co. and bought 346 acre near Winchester.[30]

•

• No. 30[31].—William CRAWFORD TO George WASHINGTON.

•

• WILLIAMSBURGH, September 20, 1776.

•

• SIR:—I should have been glad to have the honor of being with you at New York, but I am doubtful we shall be involved in an Indian war to the westward, as the Shawanese and Delawares seem in doubt; and from the last accounts from Fort Pitt had not met our people Doctor Walker and the Commissioners) who were sent to treat with them from this Government.[32] I should have come to New York with those regiments ordered there, but the regiment I belong to is ordered to this place. [33] If a war with the westerly Indians happen, I am to go there. I, this spring, before I came from over the mountain, called at Simpson’s[34]

• To see your mill go for the first time of its running; and can assure you I think it the best mill I ever saw anywhere, although I think one of a less value would have done as well.

•

•

•

•

•

•

• If you remember, you saw some rocks at the mill-seat. These are as fine mill-stone grit as any in America. The mill-wright told me the stones he got for your mill there were equal to English burr. Your land on Chartier’s creek is well cultivated, ready to your hand; the men on it thinking you have no patent for it, or if you have that you will lease the land on reasonable terms.

• At our last Convention,[35] I mentioned the state of lands and the state of time claimants in. general; and, amongst other circumstances, mentioned the expense you had been at in having [made] the first improvements on that land, and then laying a warrant on them, and, notwithstanding, those persons would take it at any rate; upon which an ordinance passed that all equitable claims should take place.

• Some, I understand, have since been trying to sell their rights of your land; but I have had an advertisement printed and sent up, forewarning any person to purchase those lands setting forth your title.

• I have laid the balance of your warrant on some land on the river, that I think will suit; but I have not got it run out to mind, as there is some dispute, and I believe I shall buy them out if I can reasonably. Excuse the length of this letter. I shall only add that I wish you to enjoy life, health, and overcome all enemies; and I should be happy to see you once more enjoy yourself in pleasure at Mount Vernon. I am, etc.[36]

•

• September 20, 1777: Colonel Grubb called this afternoon and

• notified the Hessians that twenty men out of each company

• are to leave tomorrow for Winchester, Virginia, and the

• others are to be removed to town later. [37]



September 20, 1778: (date approximate) Simon Kenton is captured by Blue Jacket as he attempts an escape from a Shawnee gauntlet. Blue Jacket was returning from a hunting trip as Kenton ran into him. Kenton was downed by a tomohawk to the head, but was not killed.[38]

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1784

At Washington County, Pennsylvania : " September 20.

Went early this Morning to view my Land & to receive the

final determination of those who live upon it." Washing-

ton's Diary.



The land on Miller's Run, in what is now Mount Pleasant Township,

Washington County, Pennsylvania, was held by Washington under a mili-

tary patent from Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia. It comprised two

thousand eight hundred and thirteen acres, and was described as " being in

Augusta County, Vir. on the waters of Miller's Run, one of the branches

of Chartiers Creek, a branch of the Ohio." A number of families (Scotch-

Irish) had settled on this land, and Washington passed most of Monday,

September 20, in endeavoring to arrange with them for the purchase of the

whole tract. No agreement, however, could be made, and subsequently

ejectment suits were brought, which were successful. The tract was sold in

June, 1796, for twelve thousand dollars.



Washington passed the night of the 20th at the house of Colonel John

Canon, the site of the*present Canonsburg, laid out in 1787. [39]



• September 20, 1786: Hamilton’s Address reached the Congress on September 20, 1876, but nothing was done relative to the suggestion made that the Congress join in the call to hold the convention. Yet the invitation had struck a favorable feeling in seven states before the year was over as they approved the holding of the convention and named the delegates who were to attend.[40]

•

• September 20, 1786: In New Hampshire the same thing as had happened in Massachusetts in August. Six days later an armed band led by Daniel Shays confronted state forces at Springfield and prevented that Supreme Court from convening. These activities continued over a period

• Over a period of months and caused much concern throughout the states because of the inability of the government to stop the threats. The Congress authorized the Ssecretary of War, General Henry Knox, a Mason, to raise an army of 1,340 men for Indian service but really to protect the arsenal at Springfield, Mass.[41]

•





September 20, 1814: After circulating as a handbill, the patriotic lyrics were published in a Baltimore newspaper on September 20, 1814. Key's words were later set to the tune of "To Anacreon in Heaven," a popular English song. Throughout the 19th century, "The Star-Spangled Banner" was regarded as the national anthem by most branches of the U.S. armed forces and other groups, but it was not until 1916, and the signing of an executive order by President Woodrow Wilson, that it was formally designated as such. In March 1931, Congress passed an act confirming Wilson's presidential order, and on March 3 President Hoover signed it into law.[42]

September 20, 1832: On September 20, 1832, General Winfield Scott and Governor Reynolds of Illinois, negotiated a treaty with the Sacs and Foxes and Winnebago Indians, by which there was acquired from these tribes 6,000,000 acres of land on the west side of the Mississippi, known as the Blackhawk Purchase. The tract extended from the northern boundary of Missouri to the month of the upper Iowa River, at what is now New Alb ion and had an average width of fifty miles west of the Mississippi river. It did not include the whole of what is now Linn County: but five years later the United States bought 1,250,000 more acres from the Indians immediately west of the first tract. This strip was twenty five miles wide and its western boundary was practically the same as the western boundary of Linn county.



September 20, 1850

The District of Columbia abolishes slave trade.[43]



Tues. September 20, 1864

Started at 5 am[44] went to the front through

New town Middletown crossed cedar creek

Camped near manasas gap[45]



September 20, 1871: Geo. W. Crawford, born June 4, 1790, died September 20, 1871. [46]

September 20, 1944

The United States 22 Airborn Division takes Nijmegan in the Western Front.[47]

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1784



At Washington County, Pennsylvania : " September 20.

Went early this Morning to view my Land & to receive the

final determination of those who live upon it." Washing-

ton's Diary.



The land on Miller's Run, in what is now Mount Pleasant Township,

Washington County, Pennsylvania, was held by Washington under a mili-

tary patent from Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia. It comprised two

thousand eight hundred and thirteen acres, and was described as " being in

Augusta County, Vir. on the waters of Miller's Run, one of the branches

of Chartiers Creek, a branch of the Ohio." A number of families (Scotch-

Irish) had settled on this land, and Washington passed most of Monday,

September 20, in endeavoring to arrange with them for the purchase of the

whole tract. No agreement, however, could be made, and subsequently

ejectment suits were brought, which were successful. The tract was sold in

June, 1796, for twelve thousand dollars.



Washington passed the night of the 20th at the house of Colonel John

Canon, the site of the*present Canonsburg, laid out in 1787. [48]

•

September 20, 1939: All radios owned by Jews in Greater Germany were confiscated. [24][49]

September 20, 1940: The first prisoners arrive at the Breendonck camp in Belgium.[50]



September 20, 1941: Policemen in Kiev, Ukraine, adopt armbands identifying the wearer as a member of the Nazi-sponsored Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. [27][51]

September 20, 1942(9th of Tishrei, 5703): In Letychiv, Ukraine, the SS starts a two day murder spree that claims the lives of at least 3,000 Jews. [28][52]

September 20, 1943: A Judenrat is set up in Athens under Mosaes Sciaki.[53]



September 20, 1943: The Badoglio government in Italy signs an armistice with the Allies.[54]



September 20, 1943(20th of Elul, 5703): One thousand Jewish inmates of the camp at Szebnie, Poland, are trucked to a nearby field, stripped naked and executed with machine guns. The bodies are burned and the bones thrown into the Jasiolka River. Those who had been ordered to pile the dead bodies onto a pyre were then shot to death as well. [30][55]

September 20, 1955. Brother Dole completed his Scottish Rite degrees in the Valley of Salina on December 10, 1966, and the York Rite in Aleppo Commandery No. 31 in Hays, Kansas. (Source: Knight Templar magazine, May 1997) (Source: AMERICAN MASON Files)[56]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[1] The Seven Daughters of Eve by Brian Sykes, page 280.

[2] The Ice Age Museum, Dundee, WI, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, 7/23/2011.

[3] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 309.

[4] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 309.

[5] Deep Ancestry, by Spencer Wells, page 106

[6] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 357.

[6]

[7] Smithsonian, December 2010, page 18.

[8] Smithsonian, April 2010, page 39.

[9] Faces of Earch, A Human World, SCI, 8/9/2007

[10] Smithsonian, December 2010, page 21.

[11] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 360.

[12] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 360.

[13] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 361.

[14] Deep Ancestry, by Spencer Wells, page 108

[15] The Seven Daughters of Eve by Brian Sykes, page 280.

[16] “Abraham’s Children” Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People by Jon Entine, pg 360.

[17] This Day in Jewish History

[18] The Ten Lost Tribes, A World History, by Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, page 66.



[19] This Day in Jewish History

[20] This Day in Jewish History

[21] Proposed descendants of William Smith

[22] [Note 1: 1 William Crawford, now a major, belonged to the northern division of Lord Dunmore’s army, which was commanded by Colonel Adam Stephen, and which his Lordship accompanied to the scene of action. The southern division, commanded by General Andrew Lewis, was comprised of the borderers on the west and southwest of the Blue Ridge. The two divisions, each containing about fifteen hundred men, were to march by different routes to the mouth of the Great Kanawha, from which point the united army were to invade the Indian country northwest of the Ohio, and spare neither town nor person.]

[Note 2: 2 When Lord Dunmore arrived at Wheeling he changed his plans, much to the discomfiture of the troops under General Lewis, who had already preceded him to the rendezvous at the mouth of the Great Kanawha, where the battle of Point Pleasant was fought. His Lordship sent Major Crawford with his company and the horses and cattle by land to the mouth of Hockhocking, to which point he, with the remainder of the northern divison, proceeded by water. Here he built a small stockade called Fort Gower, and marched on by land to within eight miles of the Shawnee town Chilicothe, on the Scioto.]

The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799

Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers. Published by the Society of the Colonial Dames of America. Edited by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton.--vol. 05

[23] This time Crawford, who had been commissioned a major by Dunmore, was at the head of five hundred men belonging to the regiment of Colonel Adam Stephen. It was one of the divisions of Lord Dunmore’s Virginia army, and was moving down the Ohio to attack the Shawanese upon the Scioto, if they did not comply with his Lordship’s terms.

[24] The meaning here, though vague, seems to be that Crawford had surveyed on the Little Kanawha, for himself, as much land as Washington wanted to lay some warrants on, which the latter could have.

[25] The Hockhocking enters the Ohio river on the right, in the present State of Ohio, two hundred and three miles by the course of the latter stream below Pittsburgh.

[26] Crawford with one division and Lord Dunmore with another rendezvoused opposite the mouth of theHockhocking upon Washington’s land. The army then crossed the river to the Indian side, and erected a stockade, which was called Fort Gower.

[27] The New Purchase here spoken of was the territory purchased of the Indians at the treaty of Fort Stanwix, in 1768. What Lord Dunmore was to take charge of included all outside the purchase made by the proprietaries of Pennsylvania. The “new government” upon the Ohio proved a myth; although contrary intelligence, such as the following, had been frequently published:

“NEW YORK, July 17, 1773.

“When the last advices came away from England, the establishment of the new province on the Ohio was on the eve of taking place; it is to be called Vandalia, and the only thing then remaining to be done was the proprietors giving security to the government for the payment of the civil establishment, estimated at about three thousand pounds.”

—Rind’s (Va.) Gaz., Aug. 5, 1773.

“We are informed that Lord Dartmouth has nominated George

Mercer, Esq., to be Governor of the new colony on the Ohio, which,

should be called Pittsylvania.”—Dunlap’s (Pa.) Packet, April 18, 1774,

under the head of London news of January 25, 1774.

[28] The Washington-Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield



[29] Unknown Source, probably the History of Framingham.

[30] A Chronological Listing of Events in the Lives of Andrew Harrison, Sr. of Essex County, Virginia. Andrew Harrison, Jr. of Essex and Orange Counties, A Chronological Listing of Events in the Lives of Andrew Harrison, Sr. of Essex County, Virginia. Andrew Harrison, Jr. of Essex and Orange Counties, URL: moon.ouhsc.edu/rbonner/harrbios/andrewharrison1018.html

[31] This letter has been previously published. See Amer. Arch., Fifth Series, Vol. II., p. 404. It differs somewhat from the original.

[32] At an early period of the Revolution, Congress perceived the importance of securing the friendship, or, at least, the neutrality, of the Western Indians. Commissioners were, therefore, appointed to hold treaty with them at Fort Pitt, consisting of Dr. Thomas Walker (a biographical sketch of whom has previously been given), John Harvey, John Montgomery, and Jasper Yeates. They met at Pittsburgh, in July, 1776, but were unable to get together a sufficient number of the Representatives of different tribes to hold a treaty until the following October. There then assembled of the Six Nations, Delawares (including Monseys), Mohicans, and Shawanese, six hundred and forty-four. British influence at Detroit kept aloof the Ottawas, Wyandots, Chippewas, and Mingoes. The last mentioned had already commenced depredations from their principal village, Pluggy’s-town, at or near what is now Delaware, Delaware County, Ohio. The Indians who assembled at the treaty gave the strongest assurance that they would remain neutral in the conflict between the Colonies and the mother country but this neutrality, in the end, when British influence proved too powerful to be resisted, was broken up, and the confederate tribes became the active allies of England.

[33] The regiment commanded by Crawford, at this date, was the Seventh Virginia, Colonel William Dangerfield’s. The latter having resigned his commission, Crawford was promoted from lieutenant colonel of the Fifth Virginia; to fill the vacancy. The regiments ordered to New York were the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Virginia; Crawford remaining at Williamsburgh with the Seventh. He arrived there from Gloucester on the nineteenth of September.

[34] (3)The place here mentioned as “Simpson’s,” is now Perryopolis, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, about three-quarters of a mile from the Youghiogheny river, opposite Layton’s station, on the Pittsburgh and Connellsville railroad. The ground upon which this town stands was the tract of sixteen hundred acres secured to Washington by Crawford, and mentioned in the journal of the former as having been visited by him in 1770. It was afterward purchased of Washington by Louis Seares, who sold tile tract to Thomas Hursey. The latter, in connection with Thomas E. Burns, laid out Perryopolis upon the land; tile first lot being sold in the spring of 1814. The mill here, which Crawford saw “go for the first time of its running,” in time spring of I was thoroughly repaired in the summer of 1859, by George Anderson. The tradition that Washington superintended, in person, the laying of the stone of its cellar, is, of course, without foundation in fact.



[35] “At our last convention; “that is, “At our last Virginia convention,” etc.

[36] The Washington-Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield

[37] Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography

[38] The chronology of Xenia and Greene County Ohio. http://fussichen.com/oftheday/otdx.htm



[39] Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography

[40] The Northern Light, Vol 17, No. 1 January 1986, “1786-Prelude to Nationhood by Alphonse Cerza, page 4.

[41] The Northern Light, Vol 17, No. 1 January 1986, “1786-Prelude to Nationhood by Alphonse Cerza, page 4.



[42] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-star-spangled-banner-becomes-official

[43] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

(Roster of Iowa Soldiers in the War of the Rebellion Vol. III, 24th Regiment-Infantry.

http://www.usgennet.og/usa/ia/county/linn/civil war/24th/24 history p2.htm



[44]In the morning the regiment marched towards Cedar Creek, and in the evening found the enemy strongly entrenched at Fisher’s Hill. The Twenty-forth Iowa actively participated in the movements which followed and which culminated in the battle of Fisher’s Hill, in which, and in the pursuit which followed, the regiment participated, but fortunately-owing to the positions to which its brigade was assigned-it had but one officer and four men wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Wright, in his official report, describes minutely the part taken by his regiment in the battle of Fisher’s Hill, and highly commends the officers and men for their prompt obedience to orders and the gallant manner in which they conducted themselves during the battle and the subsequent pursuit of the enemy. The rebel General Early and his army had again been defeated and compelled to retreat up the Shenandoah valley.

(Roster of Iowa Soldiers in the War of the Rebellion Vol. III, 24th Regiment-Infantry.

http://www.usgennet.og/usa/ia/county/linn/civil war/24th/24 history p2.htm



[45] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary by Jeff Goodlove

[46] (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pge. 454.21)

[47] On This Day in America by John Wagman.

[48] Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography

[49] This Day in Jewish History

• [50] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1763.

[51] This Day in Jewish History

[52] September 20, 1942(9th of Tishrei, 5703): In Letychiv, Ukraine, the SS starts a two day murder spree that claims the lives of at least 3,000 Jews. [28]

[53]

• [54] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1777.

[55] This Day in Jewish History

[56] Foundation for Tomorrow