10,376 names…10,376 stories…10,376 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, April 17
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy
April 17, 1702: The colonies of East and West Jersey are designated the royal province of New Jersey.[1]
April 1718: Andrew Harrison Will:
Will April 1718, St.Mary's Parish, Essex Co. VA.
My beloved wife Eleanor my executrix.
My son Andrew and my son in law Gabriel Long as trustees. Children; William, Andrew and Elizabeth already settled on lands on which they now live;
My dau Margaret Long and three youngest sons viz. Richard and Gabril and William.
Wit: Jno. Ellitts, Wiliam Davison, Mary Davison, November 18, 1718. [2]
Andrew Harrison is the 8th great grandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove
April 1742
William Harrison~2 (Andrew 1), was executor of his father’s will; lived in Essex County, Virginia, up to the time of the erection of Caroline County, in 1727, from which time, he was a resident there ‘until his death, in April, 1742. [3]
Andrew Harrison is the 7th great grandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove
April 17th, 1534: - Sir Thomas More confined in London Tower[4]
April 1754: When they realized they were running out of time, they wrote a second petition requesting a time
extension with modified terms: Seating 300 families, and erecting two forts, one at Chartiers
Creek and the other at the mouth of the Kanawha River. The petition, which was reviewed by the
Council Chamber in April 1754, states that the Ohio Company had already ―laid out and opened a wagon road thirty feet wide from their Store house at Wills Creek, to the three branches on Ganyangaine River, computed to be near Eighty Miles‖. Several historians have interpreted this, and other information, to mean that the Ohio Company cut the Turkey Foot Road in 1751. Although this interpretation has been widely accepted as fact, a detailed review indicates it is unsupported by the evidence.[5]
April-May,(GW) leads Virginia forces against French at Fort Duquesne in the upper Ohio River Valley. Builds Fort Necessity at Great Meadows, Pennsylvania. [6]
George Washington is the grandnephew of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
April 17, 1754, a large body of French and Indians came down the Allegheny in boats and compelled the surrender of the fort, but permitted Ward and his small body of men to return across the mountains.[7]
Wednesday April 17, 1754
Washington’s Regiment arrives at Wills Creek (known as Cumberland Maryland today). While in Wills Creek, Washington learns that Trent's advance party of the Regiment, who had been sent to start building the fort at the Forks of the Ohio, had been surrounded by a 600 man French force and forced to return to Virginia. The French immediately destroyed the British Fort and started building their own more sizable fort, Fort Duquesne. [8]
Contrecoeur. Capitaine Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecoeur. (Disagreement on date-of-birth, one source indicates 1730— but another places the date at 1703—the compiler believes the 1703 is probably the more accurate). (cawn-tra-coo-er). Accompanied Céloron on his noted expedition in 1749. Became a captain in the French marines. Onetime commandant at Fort Frontenac and veteran of several western explorations. He took the unfinished fort (stockade) at the forks of the Ohio from Ensign Ward on April 17, 1754. Contrecoeur led a force of 1,000 Troupes de la Marine and militia with eighteen cannons against Ensign Ward and his body of 42 men. Contrecoeur completed the stockade and gave it the name Fort Duquesne after the then current Governor–General of New France, Ange Duquesne de Menneville, marquis Duquesne.
Contrecoeur was commandant of Fort Duquesne before and after the Battle of the Monongahela when General Braddock’s forces were routed. The French Captain recognized that Fort Duquesne was too small to hold all his regular forces plus the Indians. The fort could hold maybe 200 people. Besides, the Indians would not attempt to hold a fort against attack. This violated their entire nature of warfare. He recognized that the British force would have to be engaged in the field before reaching the confluence.
A continued argument exists as to who was commander of Fort Duquesne at the time of the Battle of the Monongahela. This compiler’s opinion is that Contrecoeur was fort commander during the period leading up to Braddock’s arrival in the immediate area, but—was replaced in command by newly-arrived Captain Daniel de Beaujeu. When Beaujeau led the French, Canadian, and Indian force from the fort down to the battle site on the Monongahela, he was in the front ranks and was killed at the onset of the battle. At that point, he was replaced in the field by Captain Jean-Daniel Dumas who executed the remainder of the battle. When the Dumas-led force retired to Fort Duquesne, Contrecoeur resumed command. The military authorities in Montreal then replaced Contrecoeur with Dumas—maybe a couple months after the battle.
The “who” was in command after the battle becomes important to historians because of the torture and massacre conduct of the Indians after the British retreat. Accounts told by persons present at the fort paint an ugly picture of the treatment of prisoners.
Dead bodies from the Battle on the Monongahela remained unburied and identification of some was made in 1758 after Forbes occupied Fort Duquesne.[9]
The history of the wooden barrel can be traced back more than 2,000 years. Some believed it began as a hollowed-out log with the ends covered with animal skins. However, the barrel proved to be a primary container for transporting dried meat, flour, butter, salt, water, wine, gunpowder, and a myriad of other items. Barrels for holding liquids would likely be formed from white oak, while pine might hold grain. A gunpowder barrel might have wooden hoops to avoid bumping into another metal object and setting-off a spark. The form of the barrel makes it possible for a single person to tip it or lay it on its side and roll hundreds of pounds of goods to the desired location. The natural handling ability of the barrel made it the all-purpose container of choice and the journeyman cooper a valuable member of the community.
Barrels of various sizes were referred to as tuns, butts, casks, hogsheads, kilderkins, firkins, rundlets, kiers, tanks, et cetera. When George Washington came west in April 1754—leading to the battle at Fort Necessity, Captain Robert Stobo brought a 125 gallon tun/butt of Madeira wine with him.[10]
April 1755
April, (GW) is appointed volunteer aide de camp to British General Edward Braddock and marches with him and British regulars against the French at Fort Duquesne. In pursuit of formal military education, Washington copies many of Braddock's general orders into one of his letterbooks. [11]
April 1758: Brig. Gen. John Forbes takes command.[12]
April 1766: Concerning the land dispute: In October 1747, Christopher Gist and Dr. Samuel Eckerlin completed their survey and estimation of the distance westward of Penn's claims and made their report to the House of Burgesses. This report found the western limits of Pennsylvania to be twenty-two miles east of the Monongahela River, and by this understanding it was agreed in April 1766 to have the same surveying party continue the extension of the Mason and Dixon Line westward to that point. When Pennsylvania and Virginia became the contracting parties, much new interest was awakened in the result of the extension of the survey and the exact location of the southwest corner of the full claims of Pennsylvania.
When the site of Gist's Ridge was reached where the surveyors were to end their labors and set their findings to the end of [William] Penn's claims, they kept on until they had crossed the divide beyond the Cheat River and at last reached the Monongahela River. Here the Virginia authorities ordered the surveyors to cease, but they claimed they had several miles to go to reach the western limits of Penn's five degrees. This caused consternation through the colony of Virginia and open rebellion in the Monongahela Valley.
For a time, this area was the scene of a battleground between the governments of Pennsylvania and Virginia, both of whom wanted to claim this choice land. From 1774 to 1776, the bewildered settlers “. . . were under the jurisdiction of two governments, differing in principle, with two sets of laws, and two sets of magistrates to enforce them. Pennsylvania authorities seized and imprisoned the Virginia magistrates, who, in turn, seized the officers of the Pennsylvania government.”[2][13]
April 1766
In October 1765, it was reported that through William Crawford and two of his Cumberland County frontiersmen, Virginia had agreed to make the Monongahela River the boundary line between that colony and Pennsylvania. This caused great confusion, general open rebellion, and a determination by the settlers to leave the east side of the river and cross over into their territory on the west side of the Monongahela into what is now Greene County, Pennsylvania. Peter then traveled to southwest Pennsylvania in 1765 and settled in German Township where he and Sarah lived out their lives.
The Van Meters, Armstrongs, Swans, Teegardens, Thomas Hughes, William Minor, John Doughty, Samuel Jacobson, Enoch and Nathan O'Brine, James Carmichael, Jacob Clarstow, Morgan Estle, Edward Dought, Gist Culver, Peter Backus, George Brown and Theophilus Phillips were among the settlers who took up their homesteads [in Green County, PA] in March and April 1766. They lived on their tomahawked claims until their patents were taken out after January 1785, when the first land patents were issued to the settlers. This was after the final settlement of the boundary question and the last act of the Mason and Dixon Line had been staged at the setting of the post of December 24, 1784.[3][14]
April 1767: In late March or early April 1767, the final accounting of Edward Lanham's estate
was made by Daniel and Catherine McKinnon(51 52). St John's parish register shows Daniel, son of Daniel and Catharine McKinnon was (born April 19, 1767) baptized June 7, 1767(53). These finding when taken together indicate Daniel re-married and his second wife was Catherine Lanham.
In 1768 Daniel appears to have again returned to England and was ordained by the Bishop of London in 1768(54). Hardly something that would have been done if Daniel had been divorced. Thus it suggests that Ruth may have died.
Daniel returned to Maryland in 1769 and is listed as the Minister at All Saints Parish in Frederick
County, Maryland(55).
In 1772 he is listed as the Minister at St. Margaret's Westminister (Broad Neck) Parish back in Anne Arundel County Maryland(56). (This parish is a peninsula of land on the Chesapeake Bay between the Severn and Magothy Rivers and near Annapolis)
The Church of England was dis-established in Maryland in 1777. According to various histories of
the colonial church, Daniel McKinnon was one of the ministers who returned to England. There is
also speculation that he died while a sea during this trip(57).
The Maryland Marriage Records show a marriage license was issued on December 9, 1777 to Daniel McKennon and Maria Wilson(58 59). This would appear to have been the unnamed son born to Ruth and Daniel in 1752.
It appears from the research of others that Eleanor's half-sisters and half-brother may have left
Maryland about this time. They are reported to have gone to Fayette County Pennsylvania, south of Pittsburgh(60).
Maryland appears to have had no divorce law prior to the Constitution of 1851 and the March 1759 publication in the Maryland Gazette is considered by some as a divorce(61). It should be noted that no other information has been located for Ruth McKinnon (wife of Daniel) in the records Anne Arundel County or any place the McKinnon family was located after 1759.
Nothing in the above information concerning the McKinnon family would be inconsistent with the
assumption that Eleanor McKinnon and Eleanor Howard were in fact the same person. [15][16]
Daniel McKinnon is the 5th great grandfather, Ruth is the wife of the 5th great grandfather and Eleanor Howard is the step 4th great grand aunt of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
In April 1774, the Yellow Creek Massacre took place near Wheeling. Among the dead were Mingo Chief Logan's brother and pregnant sister. Violence then escalated intoLord Dunmore's War.[17]
George Fowler[18] to George Washington, April 1774
CAMER [mutilated] April 1774--
SIR.
I am doubtful you blame the Conduct of the Sheriff and myself for taking Mr. Crawford in your house you may be assured very sincerely that I had been informd he intended out on Monday morning and having been well informd that he had once escaped did not know but he might attempt it again and certain it is I suspended the Action untill the last hour. when I left home I heard he was at Johnsons Feny where I expected he woud be servd with the Process and had no thought of going as far as we did when we Set out, but as I had been so repeatedly disappointed and deceived both by Letters and promeses and a [mutilated] uch blamed for Extending a Credit of that dignity to that Gentleman, that I thought it was my duty & the Sheriffs to Act as we did, and more particularly a Company of Merchants failing in London we were immediately call[ed] on for a larger Sum than we coud possibly raise on a sudden, especially when frequently meeting Such disappointments ourselves which reasons I hope will convince you that it was more through necessity that I was induced to act as I did than out of any pleasure I coud take in such an Action and of our necessity I first made Mr. Crawford privately Acquainted hoping it might bring him more seriously to consider --I really had been informd and I think from some of his Friends that he woud escape if in his power a Sufficient reason for the Sheriff to Act with Caution, I did intend to pay the Cost myself as I then told the Sheriff in case it was Settled I am really extremely sorry that I had in any case disobliged and humbly hope these reasons will render us something more excusable & am yor. mot. Obedt. Hble Servt.
GEO: FOWLER.[19]
In April 1775, Thomas Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts, ordered British troops to march to Concord, Massachusetts, where a Patriot arsenal was known to be located. [20]
Monday, April 17th 1775
After breakfast waited on Major John Connoly, commandant at the Fort, to whom I had a letter of introduction. Find him a haughty, imperilous man. In the afternoon viewing the town and Fort. It is pleasantly situated at the connjunction of the Moningahaley and Allegany Rivers, the Moningahaley on the S.W. and the Allegany on the North side the town. . . These two rivers make the Ohio. The town is small, about 30 houses, the people chiefly in Indian trade. The Fort is some distance from the town close in the forks of the Rivers. It was built originally by the French, deserted by them, and the English took possession of it under the Command of General Forbes, November 24th, 1758. Besieged by the Indians but relieved by Colonel Bouquet in August, 1763. Deserted and demolished by own troops about three years ago, but repaired last summer by the Virginians and has now a small, garrison in it. It is a pentagonal form. Three of the Bastions and two of the curtains faced with, brick, the rest picketed. Barracks for a considerable number of men, and there is the remains of a genteel house for the Governor, but now in ruins, as well as the Gardens, which are beautifully situated on the Banks of the Allegany well planted with Apple and Peach trees. It is a strong place for Musketry, but was cannon to be brought against it, very defenceless, several eminences within Cannon Shot. Spent the evening at Mr. Gambel’s, an Indian Trader in town.[21]
April, 1775
[22]
The clash of arms continued on a strangely contrar:ory basis. On the one hand, the Americans were em~hatica1ly affirming their ioyaltyloyalty to the king and ~estly voicing their desire to patch up difficulties. On the other hand, they were raising armies shooting down His Majesty’s soldiers. This during a war of inconsistency was fought for fourteen ~ months—from April 1775 to July 1776—before the fateful plunge into independence was taken.
April 1776: De Gironcourt the Mapmaker
Charles Auguste de Gironcourt was born in the town of Epinal in Lorraine in 1756. Prior to joining the Hessian forces in 1776 he served in the French army, under Col. Carl Emil Kurt von Donop and Lieut. Gen. Wilhelm von Knyphausen in the artillery detachments, and accompanied the Hessian troops to America in May of 1777. He was commissioned second lieutenant in April 1776, and served as deputy quartermaster general from 1781-82.
De Gironcourt succeeded the Hessian map-maker Capt. Reinhard Jacob Martin in the engineer corps attached to the Hessian commander's staff, quartered at Morris House, New York. In this position he continued Martin's work recording the Hessians' critical role in the American war. In the title cartouche on the Marburg Gironcourt map (see census map #1), Gironcourt credits the late Martin for his plan that he based his design on: "Des Plans faits par feu le Capitaine Martin du Corps du Genie & Dessiné par Charles Aug: Gironcourt, Lieutenant d'Artillerie."
"He relished his task as successor to Martin, requesting transfer from the artillery to the engineer corps in a letter from New York dated October 14, 1781. In spite of his interest, he made only two other maps known to be extant, one of Charleston, South Carolina [see following lot], and the other of troop dispositions on Manhattan Island. He remained in New York where he was married on August 10, 1783, to Elizabeth Corne, daughter of Captain Corne of New YorkIt is assumed he was widowed since he later returned to Hesse and married the daughter of another Hessian Artillery officerhe died in 1811"-Peter J. Guthorn, "A Hessian Map from the American Revolution, Its Origin and Purpose," in: The Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, Vol. 33, no. 3, July 1976, pp. 219-231. [23]
April 1776
George Micheal Spaid, father of Michael Spaid, husband of Margaret Godlove, who was the daughter of George Gottlieb, also a hessian[24] soldier.
This is the story of a German schoolboy, who with a bundle of books under his arm, one fine morning in April, 1776, was on his way to the High School of Cassell, the small capital city of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, when he was kidnapped by two soldiers of the Grand Duke Friedrick II, to be sold to King George III of England for service in the rebellious colonies of America. He was quickly taken by the soldiers to their barracks and so closely was he held prisoner that he never again saw his parents nor brother and sister. Nor would they let him go to bid his family farewell before he was shipped out by way of England to America.
This seventeen year old schoolboy was George Nicholas Spaht, the elder son of Michael and Cunegunda Spaht. He had one brother, Mathias and one sister, Charity. Why did not his parents protest against such tyranny? Autocracy is not a new development in Germany. History tells us that if a mother protested in a case like this she was thrown into prison; if the father protested, he was flogged. And they were not alone in their suffering. This same Grand Duke furnished 22,000 soldiers to the English King and many of them were obtained in the same way. The finances of the Grand Duchy were considerably augmented at the expense of the welfare and morality of the people, and the dissolute ruler kept up a splendid "Court" on the proceeds of the pay.
The Hessians were the victims of the tyranny of their rulers, who sold the lives and services of their subjects to the highest bidder. The English government was at that time the best customer. Large profits were realized by the petty princes who were willing to sell mercenaries for the war in the American colonies, as can be seen by examination of the contracts between the parties on either side, contracts which were not kept secret.--All told, the expense to England for the German mercenary troops was at least seven Million pounds sterling, the equivalent at present of one hundred and twenty to one hundred and fifty million dollars.--The greatest of the German princes did not allow his subjects to be sold. Frederick the Great used his influence against the sale of recruits in other German states and refused to allow mercenaries who were intended for the American service to pass through his domains," says Prof. Faust in his great work," The German Element in America." [25]
George Spaid Tombstone
Spaid Family in America", author Abrahan
Thompsom Secrest. Published privately November 1920, Columbus, Ohio.
April 17, 1776: At a Court Con'd and held for Augusta County, April 17th,
1776.
Pres't John Campbell, Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost, John
McColloch, John Cannon.
The Last Will and Test of Larkin Pearpoint, dec'd, was
prov'd by Isaac Lamasterand Calder Haymond, two of the Wits,
and O R.
Daniel Leet prod a Commission from the Colledge of Wm.
and Mary to be deputy Surveyor of this County under Thos.
Lewis, Gent, he hav'g taken the Oath According to Law and
Ent'd in Bond with Geo Rice and Geo McCormick his Sec'y.
John Harry is App Surveyor in the room of Edward Sharp
Ab Dorsey Penticost.
A Deed of Barg & Sale from John Pearce Sen'r to John and
And'w Pearce was proved by Dorsey Penticost and Moses Coe,
2 of the Wits, and O C.
Pres D. P.
A Deed of Barg and Sale from Wm. Dunbar, by his Atto
Alex'r Ross, to Chas. Sims, was prov'd by Caleb Graydon and
Daniel Brown 2 of the Wits, and O C.
A Deed of Barg and Sale and rec't from Alex'r Ross to Chas.
Sims was prov'd by Caleb Graydon and Dan'l Brown, 2 of the
Wits, & O C.
A Deed of Barg and Sale from Alex' r Ross to Chas Sims was
prov'd by Caleb Graydon and Dan'l Brown, 2 of the Wits,
and O C'd.
A Power of Atto from Alex' r Ross, Atto for Wm, Dunbar,
to Chas. Sims prov'd by Caleb Graydon & Dan'l Brown, 2 of
the Wits, and O C'd
A Power of Atto from Alex'r Ross to Chas. Sims was prov'd
by Caleb Graydon and Dan'l Brown, 2 of the Wits, and O C'd.
On the Motion of Christopher Carpenter, leave is granted
him to keep a ferry near his house on the Monongahela for the
Purpose of Setting over the Militia on Muster days
(72) Solomon Froman is app a Consta in the room of Nath'l
Blackmore, and that he be Summoned before Mr. John Can-
non to be Sworn into the said Office.
Admon of the Estate of John Edwards, dec'd, is granted to
Benjamin Kuykendall (Jersey Ben), a C'r, he hav'g Comp'd
with the Law.
Ord that Zadock Wright, Gab'l Cox, Benja Sweet, and Isaac
Custard, or any 3, app the Est.
Robert Morely, Thos. Peake, & John Hatchway, being
bound over to this Court on the Complt of Peter McCawley,
and he being called and not appearing It is Ord that he be dis'd.
James Innis, John Munn, and Thos. Edginton, 3 of the per-
sons appointed to Veiw a road from Froman 's Mill on Shirte to
Fromans Mill on the East side of the Monongohela ; It is Ord
that the s'd Road be Est, and that John Munn be Surv from
Froman 's Mill on Shirtee to the fork of the road to that goes to
Henry Spears, and that Tobias Decker from thence to the Mill
on the Monongohala, and that the tithe's within 3 Miles on Each
side work thereon.
Wm Andreas is App a Consta in the room of Joseph Hill,
Sen'r., and that he be Sum'd to be sworn before Dorsey Pen-
ticost.
Peter Hursh is App a Consta in the forks of Yough, and
that he be Sum'd to be Sworn before D. Penticost.
Jonathan Paddock is App a Consta in the room of Wm. Tea-
garden, and that he be Sum'd to be Sworn before Wm. Goe.
Deed of Lease and Release of Trust from Wm. Trent, Rob't
Callender, David Franks, Joseph Simon, Levy Andrew Levy,
the s'd Wm. Trent, Dav'd Franks, Joseph Simons, and Levy
And'w Levy in their own Right, and in Right of Philip Boyle,
(73) John Chevalier, Peter Chevalier, Jos Bollock, Peter Baynton,
devesees of John Baynton' Share ; Sam'l Wharton by his Attos
Thos Wharton and the s'd Wm. Trent, Geo Morgan, Thos
Smallman, and Geo Croghan, the afores'd Sam'l Wharton
Trustee for and of John Welch's Share in thes'd Premises, by
his Attos, Thos Wharton and Wm Trent, Edward Moran, Evan
Shelley, Sam'l Postlethwaite, Jno Gibson, Edward Cole,
Grantee or Ass'e of Rich'd Winstons Share, Dennis Crotan,
Wm. Thompson, Rich'd Neave Grantee or Ass'e of Ab'm
Mitchell's Share in the Premises, by Rich'd Neave, Junr, his
Atto, James Dundas, Jno Ormsby by his Atto Thos Bond, Jr. ,
Wm. Edgar by his Atto, the s'd Rob't Callender, Wm Frank-
lin, Esqr., Jos Galloway, Esqr., and Thos Wharton, to Rich'd
Bache, Owen Jones, Jun'r, and Isaac Wharton, was prov'd as
to Wm. Trent, Rob't Callender, Dav'd Frank, Levy And'w
Levy, Joseph Bollock, Peter Baynton, Thos Wharton, and the
s'd Wm Trent, in two Places, for and on behalf of Sam'l
Wharton in his own right, as Trustee of John Welch by George
Morgan, Edwd Cole, Thos Bond, Jr., for and on behalf of
his Constituent, John Ormsby, by the s'd Rob't Callender,
for and in behalf of his Constituent Wm Edgar, by Dr. Benja.
Franklin for his Constituent Wm. Franklin, Esqr, and by the
s'd Thos Wharton by Jno Chevalier, Peter Chevalier, Rich'
Bache, Owen Jones, Jun'r., Isaac Wharton by Rich'd Butler,
Jos Westmore & Thos. Flinn, and prov'd as to Rich'd Neave
by his Atto Rich'd Neave, Jr, Joseph Galloway, Jos Simon,
James Dundas, Wm. Thompson, Sam'l Postlethwaite by Jos
Westmore, Chas. Matheson & Thomas Flinn, & as to John
(74) Gibson was prov'd by Joseph Westmore, Chas. Matheson, and
Rich'd Butler, and OR. A Deed of Partition from and be-
tween the same Persons was proved as before and O R.
A Mortgage from Abraham Mitchell and Sarah his Wife to
Rich'd Neave was prov'd by Jos Westmore, Chas. Matheson,
and Thos. Flin, 3 of the Wits, and O R.
Philip Whitezell is App a Consta in the room of Andrew
Robertson.
John Dousman is App a Consta in the Town of Pittsburg,
and It is Ord that he be Sum'd.
Philip Whitezel Ap'd and took the Oaths and the Oath of a
Constable.
Wm. Forsythe, being bound over on the Complt of Henry
Woods, and thes'd Henry being called and failing to appear It
is Ord to be dis' d
Licence to keep an Ord is Granted to Thos. Brown at his
House at Redstone Fort, Bazel Brown hav'g on his hehalf
Ent'd into Bond Acer, to Law.
Licence to keep an Ord is granted to John DeCamp, he
hav'g Comp with ihe Law.
Hawkins vs Greathouse, Gar ; Abraham Miller affirmed he
has 1 Watch, and that he is Indebted to him also £8 Pennsyl-
vania Money, for which he has Passed his Bond for, and that
he has had no notice of any assignment ; Acc't proved & Jud
and O Sale and Ord Condem'd.
(75) Sam'l Griffith is App'd a Consta; It is Ord that he be
Sum'd before Wm. Goe to be Sworn into the Office.
John Greathouse is App a Consta ; It is Ord that he be
Sum'd before Geo Vallandigham to be Sworn into the s'd
Office.
Ord that the Court be Adj'd until to Morrow Morning 10
o'Clock John Campbell. [26]
April 18, 1776: At a Court Con'd and held for Augusta County, April 18th
1776,
Pres't, John Campbell, Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost,
John Cannon.
564 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.
A Deed from Alex'r Ross, Atto to Wm. Dunbarr to Chas.
Simons, being form prov'd by Caleb Graydon and Chas. Sims,
was fur prov'd by Jas Mckee, the other Wit, & O R.
A Deed from Alex'r Ross to Chas. Sims prov'd as above and
OR.
A Deed from Alex'r Ross to Chas Sims prov'd as above &
OR.
A Power of Atto from Alex'r Ross, Atto for Wm. Dunbar,
to Chas Sims, prov'd as above, O R.
A Power of Atto, from Alex'r Ross to Chas Sims proved as
above, O R.
Licence to keep an Ord is Granted to Jacob Winemiller, he
hav'g Compl'd with the Law.
(76) On the Petition of James Mitchell & others seting forth that
a Road is Established from Conrad Walters, by Wm. Tea-
garden's ferry, to the Mouth of Wheeling, which is very Incon-
veniant to your Petrs, & praying that a Review of the s'd Road
be made, It is Ord that Ebenezer Zane, James McMahon,
David Owens, Henry Vanmatre, Dav'd Evans, Geo. Cox,
James McCoy, & John McClalan, or any 6 of them, being first
Sworn, Veiw if the old Road Estab is Conv, if not make a re-
port of the most Conv way, and the Inconv and Conv thereof,
to the next Court ; that the Surveyors desist from working on
the road until the report is returned
Ord that the Sheriff Summon 24 Persons to serve as a Grand
jury in May next
Ord that the Court be adjorned until the Court in Course
John Campbell. [27]
April 17, 1777
We had good weather but a complete wind calm. One would believe that this day would be very peaceful, only the swaying of the ship increased as it sailed with a half wind and rolled all the more because the ship did not move forward, but right and left. The ship Symetry rocked against us (on the Durand). The wind calm prevented the necessary maneuvering and caused a rather scary outcry and work among the sailors. They could not get the ships separated quickly enough, because without the wind the steering rudder took no effect. Both bowsprits barely touched, but the Symetry’s broke off like a splinter and ours cracked so that it was necessary for the crew to cut three feet off the length. They had to work all day to restore everything to a proper condition and we finally and fortunately were separated[28]
April 1778: Why were they all called Hessians
In early 1776, King George III of England hired units from the various houses or states of Germany to assist with bringing the the colonist's rebellion to order. The hiring of foreign troops to supplement a country's army was a normal procedure during this time of history. Several of the German rulers, needing hard currency and being "between wars", were only too happy to oblige.
They were Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (a principality in northern Hesse) King George III's brother in law, his son William, count of Hesse-Hanau and nephew to King George III; Charles I, Duke of Brunswick; Frederick, Prince of Waldeck; Charles Alexander, Margrave of Anspach-Bayreuth; and Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst.
About 18,000 Hessian troops arrived in North America in 1776, with more coming in later, of this about 3/4 of them were from Hesse-Kassel. Thus the colonist's newspapers referred to all of them as Hessians and the name stuck.
In addition to firepower, American rebels used propaganda against Hessians. They enticed Hessians to desert to join the German-American population. In April 1778, one letter promised 50 acres (0.2 km²) of land to every deserter. Benjamin Franklin wrote an article that claimed that a Hessian commander wanted more of his soldiers dead so that he could be better compensated.
After the war ended in 1783, 17,313 Hessians returned to their homelands. Of the 12,526 who did not, about 7,700 died - around 1,200 were killed in action and 6,354 died from illness or accidents. Approximately 5,000 Hessians settled in North America, both in the United States and Canada - some because their commanders refused to take them back to Germany because they were criminals or physically unfit. Most of them married and settled amongst the population of the newly formed United States. Many of them became farmers or craftsmen. The number of their direct descendants living in the U.S. and Canada today is still being debated.[29][30]
King George III is the 13th cousin 9x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
In addition to firepower, American rebels used propaganda against Hessians. They enticed Hessians to desert to join the German-American population. In April 1778, one letter promised 50 acres (0.2 km²) of land to every deserter. Benjamin Franklin wrote an article that claimed that a Hessian commander wanted more of his soldiers dead so that he could be better compensated.
After the war ended in 1783, 17,313 Hessians returned to their homelands. Of the 12,526 who did not, about 7,700 died - around 1,200 were killed in action and 6,354 died from illness or accidents. Approximately 5,000 Hessians settled in North America, both in the United States and Canada - some because their commanders refused to take them back to Germany because they were criminals or physically unfit. Most of them married and settled amongst the population of the newly formed United States. Many of them became farmers or craftsmen. The number of their direct descendants living in the U.S. and Canada today is still being debated.[31][32]
April 1779
“In April, 1779, Lieutenant Lawrence Harrison, formerly of Gibson’s Lambs, now connected with the 13th Virginia, was sent to occupy Fort Crawford, a small stockade, built by Colonel William Crawford, at Parnassus, Wèstrnoreland County, Pennsylvania.” *[33]
Lieutenant Lawrence Harrison is the 5th great granduncle of Jeffery Lee Goodlove
April 1788-89
“April Court: Ordered that the Sheriff do pay to Hannah Crawford One hundred and thirty-five Pounds, being the amount of her Pension the last year., etc.”[34]
April 1791: Cornplanter met President Washington and the Secretary of War, Henry Knox, in Philadelphia in April 1791. Cornplanter wanted some territorial agreements made in prior treaties to be rescinded, but Washington and Knox would not agree. However, Washington did address a question concerning the land then held by Cornplanter and his Seneca. Washington assured Cornplanter that "...no state nor person can purchase your lands, unless at some public treaty held under the Authority of the United States. The general Government will never consent to your being defrauded. But it will protect you in all your just rights...You possess the right to sell, and the right of refusing to sell your lands..." This was a major coup for an Indian. No state could take his land—like had happened to the Iroquois in NY. Finally, an Indian had the assurance of the President of the United States that his land was his and could not be taken away.[35]
April 17, 1808: Napoleon Bonaparte orders the French seizure of American shipping.[36] Joseph LeClere was a member of Napoleon’s elite bodyguard unit.
Joseph LeClere is the 5th great grandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
April 17, 1824: United States signed a treaty with Russia setting southern boundary of Russian territory at 54 degrees 40’ north latitude . [37]
April 17-18, 1847: Battle of Cerro Gordo in the War with Mexico.[38]
April 17, 1861: Virginia secedes from the Union.[39]
April 17, 1863: We reached Smith Plantation, on Vidal Bayou, on
the afternoon of the 17th. Up to this time the divisions of Osterhaus and Carr were in our
advance. [40]
Sun. April 17[41], 1864
In camp wrote a letter to wildcat and one home no. 2 preaching at 10 am
Prayer meeting at 3 pm quite hot[42]
William Harrison Goodlove is the 2nd great grandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove
April 17, 1864: LaCurtis Coleman STEPHENSON. Born on November 2, 1846 in Dewitt, Carroll County, Missouri. LaCurtis Coleman died in Snyder, Chariton County, Missouri on July 14, 1910; he was 63. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri. Civil War, Co. B., 9th Missouri Infantry.
Mabel Hoover Family Group Sheet for Marcus Stephenson lists LaCurtis Stephenson’s birthdate as “27 November 1847” and death date as “28 Feb. 1910,” at Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri--REF
On September 22, 1881 when LaCurtis Coleman was 34, he married Teresa Lee MADDEN, daughter of William MADDEN & Mary Ann CLARK(E), in Chariton County, Missouri. Born on April 17, 1864 in Washington, Indiana. Teresa Lee died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on July 8, 1949; she was 85. Buried on July 11, 1949 in Stephenson Cemetery, Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri. [43]
Theresa Madden is the wife of the nephew of the 1st cousin 6x removed.
April 17-20, 1864: Battle of Plymouth, NC.[44]
April 17, 1893: Carter Harrison Sr terms as Mayor of Chicago:Carter Henry Harrison, Sr. 24th Mayor of Chicago. Party: Democrat Elected: 5th term: April 17, 1893 Defeated Samuel W. Allerton (Republican), Dewitt C. Cregier (Un. Citizen) & Henry Ehrenpreis (socialist Labor)Inauguration: 5th term: April 17, 1893 .
Carter Harrison III is the 8th cousin 5x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
Carter Harrison Jr terms as Mayor of Chicago Inauguration: 5th term: April 17, 1911, 9:25 p.m. [45]
Carter Harrison Jr. is the 9th cousin 4x remove of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
April 17, 1913- April 17, 1913
Birth:
Apr. 17, 1913
Houston
Harris County
Texas, USA
Death:
Apr. 17, 1913
Houston
Harris County
Texas, USA
http://www.findagrave.com/icons2/trans.gif
Infant son of Mr. & Mrs. E. Goodlove.
Burial:
Glenwood Cemetery
Houston
Harris County
Texas, USA
Plot: Sect. NSR, Row 2, Grave 271
Created by: Robert Hague
Record added: Sep 24, 2012
Find A Grave Memorial# 97693453
(Infant Male) Goodlove
Added by: Robert Hague
(Infant Male) Goodlove
Added by: Robert Hague
(Infant Male) Goodlove
Cemetery Photo
Added by: Julie Karen Hancock (Cooper) Jackson
[46]
April 17, 1914: Emmy Gottlieb born April 17, 1914 from Altenhamberg, Germany, and Ida Gottlieb born February 6, 1880 from Hagenback, Germany, were on board Convoy 17.[47]
On August 10, SS Heinrichsohn composed the usual telex for the departure of each train. He addressed it to Eichmann in Berlin, the Inspectore of the KZ at Oranienburg, and the Commandant at Auschwitz. The telex was signed by SS Ahnert of the same anti-Jewish section of the Gestapo. He indicated to the recipients that on that day, at 8:55 AM, the convoy D 901/12 had left the station at Le Bourget-Drancy for Auschwitz, carrying 1,000 Jews under the supervision of Feldwebel Kruger.
This convoy was composed almost entirely (997 on the list by nationality) of German Jews. There were 525 women and 475 men, many of them in their 50’s: 290 women were between ages 46 and 60; 309 men were between ages 45 and 51. There were many couples.
The list is very difficult to read. The family name, first name, dat and place of birth, profession , and nationality are given.
This was the first convoy of Jews from the unoccupied zone who had been handed over by the Vichy authorities to the Nazis. The convoy came from the camp at Gurs, where numerous German Jews had been interned since 1940. It left Gurs for Drancy on August 6 with 1,000 Jews.
On the day the convoy was scheduled to depart, the German Military Command refused to lend further assistance or escorts to the deportation of Jews (XXVb-134). A second document relating to this convoy is XXVb-120 of August 7.
Upon their arrival in Auschwitz, 140 men were left alive and received numbers 58086 through 58225. The women received numbers 16637 through 16736. Seven hundred sixty people were immediately gassed.
To the best of our knowledge, one man, Herbert Fuchs, was the only survivor from this convoy in 1945.[48]
April 17, 1942: The plan was more daring than most of TF 16's 10,000 men could imagine. After refueling on April 17, Hornet, Enterprise - the force's Flagship - and four cruisers would leave the destroyers and tankers behind, to make a high speed dash west, towards the Japanese home islands. Uncle Howard Snell was on board the Enterprise during the Doolittle Raid mission.
April 17, 1942: Fueling of the heavy vessels was undertaken April 17 when about 1000 miles east of Tokyo and was barely completed when the wind increased to gale force (wind south, 35 knots; sea rough, visibility 1 - 2 miles). At 1439 (L) the 2 CV, 3 CA and 1 CL proceeded independent of accompanying DD's and AO#s on a westerly course, averaging approximately 20 knots. [49]
April 17, 1769: Lindsey—Moore Cemetery located near Poindexter in Harrison County. This cemetery was marked as a state historical site on April 17, 1969.
Buried in the Lindsey-Moore Cemetery are the Revolutionary War officer, Captain Thomas Moore (1745—1823), and his wife, Mary (Harrison) Moore (1761—1836), their eldest son, William Moore, his wife, Eleanor (Dawson), and other descendants. The cemetery was included in a tract of land originally owned by David Lindsey, but sold to Thomas Moore after 1800.
Thomas was born at “Arcadia” plantation, St. Paul’s Parish, Kent County, Maryland, on March 7, 1745, the youngest son of William Moore and his wife, Rachel (Medford).1 He migrated to Tyrone Township~ Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in i76~~ where he married Mary Harrison born 1761 in Orange County, Virginia, youngest child of Lawrence Harrison and his wife Catherine (not proved is the name Marmaduke).3 Mary Harrison was a sister of Colonel Benjamin Harrison, for whom Harrison County was named, first sheriff of Bourbon County, and, as senator from Bourbon, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention at Danville in l792. Thomas Moore was commissioned lieutenant in the 13th Virginia Regiment commanded(led by Colonel Benjamin Harrison, and captain in the Ninth Virginia Regiment.4 Following the Revolutionary War; he served with George Rogers Clark in Illinois under the command of ‘Colonel Uriah Springer, who had married Sarah (Crawford), widow of Major William Harrison, another brother of Mary (Harrison) Major William Harrison had been massacred at the Battle of Sandusky. In 1802 Thomas Moore was retired from the Kentucky Militia with the’ rank of major. According to William Perrin’s History of Bourbon, Scott, Harrison, Nicholas Counties, Kentucky, Thomas Moore and his wife had been among the second party of settlers in Harrison County. He received a patent for 2,000 acres of land.[50]
Thomas Moore is the husband of the 5th great grandaunt of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[2] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/Harrison/d0055/g0000087.html#I1018
[3] Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 314
[4] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1534
[5] In Search of Turkey Road, page 64.
[6] [6] http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwtime.html
[7] http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/1905AccountofVirginiaBoundaryContraversy.pdf
[8] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[9] http://www.thelittlelist.net/coatocus.htm
[10] http://www.thelittlelist.net/bactoblu.htm
[11] http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwtime.html
[12] http://www.archive.org/stream/darfortduquesnef00daug/darfortduquesnef00daug_djvu.txt
[13] [2] Samuel T. Wiley, History of Monongalia County, West Virginia, from its first settlements to the present time with numerous biographical and family sketches. (kingwood, West Virginia, Preston Publishing Co., 1883) pp.45-46
[14] W.F. Horn, The Horn papers; early westward movement on the Monongahela and upper Ohio, 1765-1795 (Waynesburg, Pennsylvania: Committee of the Greene County Historical society, 1945) p.448.
[15] http://washburnhill.freehomepage.com/custom3.html
[16] 51 Abstract of the Balance Books of the Perogative Court of Maryland, Liber 4 & 5, 1763 - 1700 V. L.
Schinner, Jr. http//users.erol.com/sailer/lanham.html
52 Index to the Probate Records of Prince George's MD, 1696 - 1900, Prince George's Genealogical
Society, 1988, Page 114
53 Maryland State Archives, St. Jolm's Parish Records, M 229, Original Page 97 or revised. Page 341
54 Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 5200, School Teachers of Early Maryland, Robert Bames
55 Directory of Ministers and the Maryland Church They Served, Vol. II, Page 73, citing " Maryland's.
Established Church", The Church Historical Society for the Diocese of Maryland. Baltimore, Nelson Wait
Rightmyer, 1956, Page 239
56 Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 5300,School Teachers of Early Maryland, Robert Barnes Directory
ofMinistersand the Maryland Church They Served, Vol. II, Page 73, citing " Maryland's Established
Church", The Church Historical Society for the Diocese of Maryland^ Baltimore. Nelson Wait Rightmyer,
1956, Page 239
57 Research notes of Miss JoAnn Naugle published by private letter dated 1985.
58 Maryland Marriages 1634 - 1777, Robert Barnes. Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, MD
1976, Page 115
59 Anne Arundel County, MD Marriage Records 1777 - 1877, John W. Powell, Compiler, Anne Arundel
Genealogical Society. 1991, Page 78
60 Maryland Marriages 1634 - 1777, Robert Barnes, Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, MD
1976, Page 115
61 Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 5300,School Teachers of Early Maryland, Robert Barnes
[17] http://www.polsci.wvu.edu/wv/Hardy/harhistory.html
[18] The progenitor of the Fowler family in Virginia was Francis Fowler, who in 1635 patented nine hundred acres in James City County, “against Jowing poynt,” near the Chickahominy River. Francis Fowler was a member of the House of Burgesses in 1642.]
[19] The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799
Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers. Published by the Society of the Colonial Dames of America. Edited by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton.--vol. 04
[20] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/patrick-henry-voices-american-opposition-to-british-policy
[21] The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell, 1774-1777 pg. 65-66
[22] The American Pageant: Bailey, Kennedy, Cohen
[23] http://www.artfact.com/auction-lot/gironcourt,-charles-auguste-de-1756-1811-.-plan-1-c-d625fbe0d4
[24] Hessian (soldiers)
From Wikipedia(View original Wikipedia Article) Last modified on 6 November 2012, at 14:46
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Two Hessian soldiers of the Leibregiment
The Hessians ( /ˈhɛʃən/)[1] were 18th-century German soldiers hired through their rulers by the British Empire. About 30,000 German soldiers served in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolutionary War; nearly half were from the Hesse region of Germany; the others came from similar small German states. In the context of the British service, they were all referred to as "Hessians." The American colonists called them mercenaries.
They were hired in units, not as individuals. They received wages but the prince of their respective states received most of the funds; Britain found it easier to borrow money to pay for their service than to recruit its own soldiers.[2]
The British used the Hessians in several conflicts, including in Ireland, but they are most widely associated with combat operations in the American Revolutionary War. They provided extensive manpower to support the American Loyalist cause. The pro-independence side made propaganda use of the fact that the soldiers were non-British mercenaries. They also offered them land bounties to desert and join the Americans. Several German units were placed on garrison duty in the British Isles to free up British regulars for service in North America.[3]
Table of Contents
1
History
1.1
Hessian captives
1.2
Conclusion of the war
2
Ireland 1798
3
Hessian units in the American Revolution
4
In popular culture
5
Footnotes
6
Further reading
6.1
Primary sources
7
External links
History
John Childs wrote:
Between 1706 and 1707, 10,000 Hessians served as a corps in Eugene of Savoy's army in Italy before moving to the Spanish Netherlands in 1708. In 1714, 6000 Hessians were rented to Sweden for its war with Russia whilst 12,000 Hessians were hired by George I of England in 1715 to combat the Jacobite Rebellion. ... In the midst of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744, 6,000 Hessians were fighting with the British army in Flanders whilst another 6,000 were in the Bavarian army. By 1762, 24,000 Hessians were serving with Ferdinand of Brunswick's army in Germany.[4]
During the American Revolutionary War, Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel (a principality in northern Hesse or Hessia) and other German leaders hired out some of their regular army units to Great Britain for use to fight against the Patriots in the American revolution. About 30,000 of these men served in America. They were called Hessians, because the largest group (12,992 of the total 30,067 men) came from Hesse-Kassel. They came in entire units with their usual uniforms, flags, weapons and officers.
Units were sent by Count William of Hesse-Hanau; Duke Charles I of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel; Prince Frederick of Waldeck; Margrave Karl Alexander of Ansbach-Bayreuth; and Prince Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst.
Hessian hussars in America
The Hessians did not act individually. Their princes determined whether to hire out the units. Many of the men were press-ganged into Hessian service. Deserters were summarily executed or beaten by an entire company.[5]
Hessians comprised approximately one-quarter of the forces fielded by the British in the American Revolution. They included jäger, hussars, three artillery companies, and four battalions of grenadiers. Most of the infantry were chasseurs (sharpshooters), musketeers, and fusiliers. They were armed with smoothbore muskets, while the Hessian artillery used three-pounder cannon. Initially the average regiment was made up of 500 to 600 men. Later in the war, the regiments had only 300 to 400 men.[citation needed]
About 18,000 Hessian troops first arrived in North America in 1776, with more coming in later. They landed at Staten Island in New York on August 15, 1776. Their first engagement was in the Battle of Long Island. The Hessians fought in almost every battle, although after 1777, the British used them mainly as garrison troops. An assortment of Hessians fought in the battles and campaigns in the southern states during 1778–80 (including Guilford Courthouse), and two regiments fought at the Siege of Yorktown in 1781.
The British use of Hessian troops rankled American sentiment, and pushed some Loyalists to favor the revolution. The British use of non-English speaking foreign troops to put down the rebellion was seen as insulting, as it treated British subjects no differently than non-British subjects. Pro-British Tories believed that the British colonists deserved more than mercenary foes.
Hessian captives
In the Battle of Trenton, the Hessian force of 1,400 was surprised and virtually destroyed by the Continentals, with about 20 killed, 100 wounded, and 1,000 captured as prisoners. General George Washington's Continental Army had crossed the Delaware River to make a surprise attack on the Hessians on the early morning of December 26, 1776.[6]
Family records of Johann Nicholas Bahner(t), one of the Hessians captured in the Battle of Trenton, indicate that some of the Hessian soldiers enrolled in the service of King George III of England believing that they were needed to defend the American Colonies against Indian incursions. (Note: This contradicts historians' accounts that they were hired by the unit, with decisions made by princes.) When they arrived in North America, they discovered they had been hired to fight against the British colonists, rather than the Indians.[7] It is rumored that these Hessians fought only under force of arms, later deserting their regiments or voluntarily allowing themselves to be taken prisoner. The Hessians captured in the Battle of Trenton were paraded through the streets of Philadelphia to raise American morale; anger at their presence helped the Continental Army recruit new soldiers.[8] They were marched through the snow to Lancaster, where many of the men were allowed to work among the farmers, merchants, and tradespeople.[9]
By early 1778, negotiations for the exchange of prisoners between Washington and the British had begun in earnest. On a one-for-one exchange if a Hessian soldier deserted, there would be one less American who would return home.[10] Nicholas Bahner(t), Jacob Strobe, George Geisler, and Conrad Kramm are a few of the Hessian soldiers who deserted the British forces after being returned in exchange for American prisoners of war.[11] These men were hunted by the British for being deserters, and by many of the colonists as an enemy.
Americans tried to entice Hessians to desert from the British and join the large German-American population. The US Congress authorized the offer of 50 acres (200,000 m2) of land to individual Hessian soldiers to encourage them to desert. They offered 50 to 800 acres to British soldiers, depending on rank.[12]
In August 1777 a satirical letter, "The Sale of the Hessians", was widely distributed. It claimed that a Hessian commander wanted more of his soldiers dead so that he could be better compensated. For many years the author of the letter was unknown. In 1874 John Bigelow translated it to English (from a French version) and claimed that Benjamin Franklin wrote it, including it in his autobiography, The Life of Benjamin Franklin, published that year. There appears to be no evidence to support this claim.[13]
When the British General John Burgoyne surrendered to American General Horatio Gates during the Saratoga campaign in 1777, his forces included around 5,800 troops. The surrender was negotiated in the Convention of Saratoga, and Burgoyne's remnant army became known as the Convention Army. Hessian soldiers from Brunswick-Lüneburg, under General Riedesel, comprised a high percentage of the Convention Army. The Americans marched the prisoners to Charlottesville, Virginia, where they were imprisoned in the Albemarle Barracks until 1781. From there they were sent to Reading, Pennsylvania until 1783.
German soldiers in the American Revolution
Conclusion of the war
27,839 served in the Americas and after the war ended in 1783, some 17,313 Hessian soldiers returned to their German homelands. Of the 12,526 who did not return, about 7,700 had died. Some 1,200 were killed in action and 6,354 died from illness or accidents, mostly the latter.[14] Approximately 5,000 Hessians settled in North America, both in the United States and Canada.
Ireland 1798
After the Battle of Mainz in 1795, the British rushed Hessian forces to Ireland in 1798 to assist in the suppression of rebellion inspired by the Society of United Irishmen, an organization that first worked for Parliamentary reform. Influenced by the American and French revolutions, its members began by 1798 to seek independence for Ireland.
Baron Hompesch's 2nd Battalion of riflemen embarked on 11 April 1798 from the Isle of Wight bound for the port of Cork. They were later joined by the Jäger (Hunter) 5th Battalion 60th regiment. They were in the action of the battles of Vinegar Hill and Foulksmills. In 1798 the Hessians were notorious in Ireland for their atrocities and brutality toward the population of Wexford.
Hessian units in the American Revolution
Anhalt-Zerbst
· Rauschenplatt's Princess of Anhalt's Regiment
· Nuppenau's Jäger Company
· Anhalt-Zerbst Company of Artillery
Ansbach-Bayreuth
· 1st Regiment Ansbach-Bayreuth (later Regiment von Volt; 1st Ansbach Battalion)
· 2nd Regiment Ansbach-Bayreuth (later Regiment Seybothen; 2nd Bayreuth Battalion)
· Ansbach Jäger Company
· Ansbach Artillery Company
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
· Dragoon Regiment Prinz Ludwig
· Grenadier Battalion Breymann
· Light Infantry Battalion von Barner
· Regiment Riedesel
· Regiment Specht
· Regiment Prinz Friedrich
· Regiment von Rhetz
· Geyso's Company of Brunswick Jägers
Hesse-Kassel
· Hesse-Kassel Jäger Corps
· Fusilier Regiment von Ditfurth
· Fusilier Regiment Erbprinz (later Musketeer Regiment Erbprinz (1780))
· Fusilier Regiment von Knyphausen
· Fusilier Regiment von Lossburg
· Grenadier Regiment von Rall (later von Woellwarth (1777); von Trümbach (1779); d'Angelelli (1781))
o 1st Battalion Grenadiers von Linsing
o 2nd Battalion Grenadiers von Block (later von Lengerke)
o 3rd Battalion Grenadiers von Minnigerode (later von Löwenstein)
o 4th Battalion Grenadiers von Köhler (later von Graf; von Platte)
· Garrison Regiment von Bünau
· Garrison Regiment von Huyn (later von Benning)
· Garrison Regiment von Stein (later von Seitz; von Porbeck)
· Garrison Regiment von Wissenbach (later von Knoblauch)
· Leib Infantry Regiment
· Musketeer Regiment von Donop
· Musketeer Regiment von Trümbach (later von Bose (1779))
· Musketeer Regiment von Mirbach (later Jung von Lossburg (1780))
· Musketeer Regiment Prinz Carl
· Musketeer Regiment von Wutgenau (later Landgraf (1777))
· Hesse-Kassel Artillery corps
Hesse-Hanau
· Pausch's Artillery Company
· von Creuzbourg's Jäger Corps
· Janecke's Frei Corps
· Hesse Hanau Erbprinz Regiment
Waldeck
· 3rd Waldeck Regiment
In popular culture
· Washington Irving's collection The Sketch Book (1819) included the story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow", which contained a figure now known as the "Headless Horseman". Irving described it as "the ghost of a Hessian trooper, whose head had been carried away by a cannonball, in some nameless battle during the Revolutionary War."
· Christopher Walken played a version of Irving's Headless Horseman, a brutal and sadistic Hessian mercenary sent to America during the American Revolutionary War, in Tim Burton's 1999 film Sleepy Hollow.
· D. W. Griffith co-wrote and directed the short film, The Hessian Renegades (1909), about the early stages of the American Revolution.
· In the Merrie Melodies short "Bunker Hill Bunny" (1950) set during the Revolutionary War, Bugs Bunny faces off against Hessian soldier Sam von Schamm.
· The 1972 novel The Hessian by Howard Fast centers around a Hessian soldier who tries to escape.
Footnotes
1. ↑ "hessian". Merriam-Webster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hessian. Retrieved 2009-12-26.
2. ↑ Rodney Atwood, The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution, (Cambridge University Press, 1980), ch 1.
3. ↑ Marston, Daniel. The American Revolution 1774–1783, Osprey Publishing (2002) ISBN 978-1-84176-343-9. 95 pages
4. ↑ John Brewer, Eckhart Hellmuth, German Historical Institute in London (1999). Rethinking Leviathan: The Eighteenth-Century State in Britain and Germany, Oxford University Press. p.64. ISBN 0-19-920189-7
5. ↑ David Hackett Fischer (2006). Washington's Crossing, Oxford University Press. p.60. ISBN 0-19-518159-X
6. ↑ "Battle of Trenton", British Battles.com, accessed 13 Feb 2010
7. ↑ History of Our Ancestors: The First Bohner (Bahn, Bahner) to Migrate to America
8. ↑ [Johannes Schwalm the Hessian, p. 21]
9. ↑ "British Prisoners of War", Bradford Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Volumes 1–4
10. ↑ Herbert M. Bahner and Mark A. Schwalm, "Johann Nicholas Bahner – From Reichenbach, Hessen To Pillow, Pennsylvania", Journal of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association, Inc. Vol 3, No. 3, 1987
11. ↑ [Journal of Johannes Schwalm Historical Assoc., Inc Vol. 3, No. 1, p. 2]
12. ↑ R. Douglas Hurt (2002) American Agriculture: A Brief History, p. 80
13. ↑ Everett C. Wilkie, Jr., "Franklin and 'The Sale of the Hessians': The Growth of a Myth", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 127, No. 3 (Jun. 16, 1983), pp. 202–212
14. ↑ Name. "Revolutionary War - The Hessian involvement". MadMikesAmerica. http://madmikesamerica.com/2011/07/revolutionary-war-the-hessian-involvement/. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
Further reading
· Atwood, Rodney. The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 1980), the standard scholarly history
· Fischer, David Hackett (2004). Washington's Crossing. Oxford university Press. p. 517. ISBN 0-19-517034-2. http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/ColonialRevolutionary/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5NTE3MDM0NA==.
· Ingrao, Charles. "'Barbarous Strangers': Hessian State and Society during the American Revolution," American Historical Review Vol. 87, No. 4 (Oct., 1982), pp. 954–976 in JSTOR
Primary sources
· Johann Conrad Döhla. A Hessian Diary of the American
Revolution (1993)
[25] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~rosemarypro/spaid/beginning.htm
[26] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[27] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[28] . Captain Christian Theodor Sigismund von Molitor, Bayreuth Regiment; Enemy Views, by Bruce E. Burgoyne, 1996. pg. 39-40.
[29] Paraphrased or copied for verbatim from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessians
[30] http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/why.htm
[31] Paraphrased or copied for verbatim from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessians
[32] http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/why.htm
[33] * Old Westmoreland, by Edgar W. Hassler, pub. by Weldin & Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg 330
[34] Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and Their Descendants, A History of Frederick County, Virginia by T. K. Cartmell pg.90
[35] http://www.thelittlelist.net/coatocus.htm
[36] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[37] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824
[38] Memorial in the Capital, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.
[39] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[40] http://www.mobile96.com/cw1/Vicksburg/TFA/24Iowa-1.html
[41] General Ulysses S. Grant discontinues the exchanging of prisoners of war. (On This Day in America by John Wagman.)
[42] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[43] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[44] (State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.)
[45] Sources: Assorted notes of Edna B Owsley (Heaton's daughter), The Stormy Years (autobiography of Carter Harrison Jr.), and Ronnie Bodine (President of Owsley Historical Society), The Owsley's an Illinois Family a Birthday Book.
Submitted by Milancie Adams. Visit her website Keeping the Chain Unbroken: Owsley and Hill Family History Website for additional info on this family. Note - be sure to go to her home page and follow some of the other Harrison links in her family as well.
[46] http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Goodlove&GSbyrel=in&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&GRid=97693453&
[47] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld. Page 142.
[48] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld. Page 140.
[49] http://www.cv6.org/ship/logs/action19420418-88.htm
[50] NOTES ON THE MOORE—HARRISON FAMILY OF HARRISON COUNTY. KENTUCKY, Contributed by the Reverend Emmett Moore Waits St. Barnabas’ Rectory 1200’North Elm Street Denton, Texas 76201, see egles notes and queries vol. 7 pp 123,127,131) 1974 VlO—2 73
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