This Day in Goodlove History, April 20

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This Day in Goodlove History, April 20

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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.

The Goodlove Family History Website:

http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html

The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy

April 20 or April 26, 121: Birthdate of Marcus Aurelius 16th Roman emperor. The “Philosopher” Emperor reigned from 161-180 and he was a cut above those who came before and after him. But he had a low opinion of the Jews, referring to them as “stinking and tumultuous” as “he rode through Judea.” He reportedly preferred the company of the barbaric Teutons in the north to that of the Jews. This attitude may have been shaped by the difficulty the Romans had in defeating the Jews during their successive rebellions against Rome. Only 25 years before Marcus Aurelius came to power, it had taken the full force of the Roman Empire four years to finally defeat Bar Kochba and Rabbi Akiva.[1]

and in A.D. 135 the Romans put an end even to that. [2] The Romans supposedly liquidated hundreds of thousands of Jewish rebels. While devastating to the Jews,

130 CE: A much weakened Jewish state had persisted for several decades. [3]Emperor Hadrian arrived in Jerusalem in 130 CE to assess the situation. Rather than rebuild the city as a Jewish capital as he had promised to do, he Romanized it even more. He forbade circumcision, the keeping of the Sabbath, and the making and keeping of a Jewish calendar, which was devastating, since the community was so devoted to ritualistic study and prayer devoted to Jewish holidays. [4]

C. 130 BABYLON

The Jewish population numbered between 100,000 and 200,000, which was between 10-12% of the entire population. The Jews were semi-autonomous and had full freedom of religion. [5]

132 CE: The campaign of Romanization fell victim to yet another uprising, ignited in 132 by the followers of the enigmatic Simeon ben Kosevah, later known as Bar-Kochba (Son of the Star). He was a charismatic Jewish fundamentalist who, like Jesus, claimed he was a messiah. [6] The revolts inflicted heavy casualties on the Romans. [2][7] Bar-Kochba viewed the revolt not as a religious struggle but as a race war, a desperate attempt to preserve the Jewish people and the concept of chosenness. Understandably, most Jewish Christians and nonbelievers refused to join the revolt. [8]

Unlike Jesus, Kosiba was a military genious. He led the people in their people in their revolt against Rome’s military might. [9] During the Jewish Revolt, two fortresses became rebel strongholds. At Herodium, they dug a system of tunnels into the hill, which they used to launch surprise attacks on the Romans, and which can still be visited today. [10]

His exploits as a military leader were hailed by Rabbi’s as almost supernatural. The greatest Sage of that time, Rabbi Akiva, anointed him Messiah and renamed him Bar-Kochba (Son of the Star).

It says in the books of Moses that “a star will come out of Jacob” and that is taken as the only reference to Messiah. So anyone who had Messianic pretentions had to be connected to a star. (Like the star of Bethlehem leading the wise men to Jesus.

In 132 CE the Jewish people were looking for their star after decades of persecution. The Holy Temple was already in ruins and was about to be replaced by a pagan temple built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian. In those dark times Bar Kochba shined with Messianic light.

There were two reasons for the revolt, one was the prohibition of circumcision. Hadrian did not see any difference between circumcision and castration, the second was that Hadrian was building on top of the ruined Jewish Temple. The Jews believed that Hadrian was desecrating their holy site and destroying Jerusalem. A furrow around Jerusalem that was made symbolized that the Romans were reestabling it and the Jews were frightened that Jerusalem was going to change into a Roman city.

To be a Messiah you must
a.Be chosen (anointed)
b.Be a spiritual warrior
c.Rebuild the holy temple

D.Bring world peace.



Bar Kochba scored 2 out of 4 in the Messianic checklist.

Some scholars say that Bar-Kochba did build the third temple according to the specifications outlined by Ezekiel. There are some complicated mathematical measurements that show the area we call the Temple Mount today actually matches the exact measurements of what the Third Temple should look like as described in the book of Ezekiel. Some modern scholars postulate Bar-Kochba actually completed the building of this Third Temple. The measurements that we know today do not correspond to what the second Temple should have been. They correcspond to the Messianic dimensions of the Temple. The second Temple that was destroyed in 70 CE had a courtyard with the dimensions of 500’ by 500’. The Temple Mount courtyard today measures 550’ by 540’. Ezekiels specifications for the Messianic Temple was 550’ by 540’. This would only lead us to the remnants of the Bar Kochba Temple. This would explain why someone of Akiva’s stature would say that Bar-Kochba must be the Messiah.

Hadrian got a military support from Antiochus Sidetes, the Seleucid ruler in Syria, who concluded that Jerusalem “should be destroyed and the Jewish people annihilated because they were the only people who refused to associate with the rest of humanity.” Embattled, Jews fled Jerusalem in masse to what they hoped was the safety of Galilee, but to no avail. [11]

It must have been a sad day for Rabbi Akiva when Bar Kochba, caught up in his battle successes became arrogant. Bar Kochba never did accomplish the fourth Messianic task of bringing world peace. He refused spiritual guidance from the Rabbi’s and as punishment they said, God withdrew his support.

That’s when they said Bar Kochba lost it, and went over to the dark side. Instead of Bar Kochba, the son of the star, they called him Bar Hoseba, the son of the Liar.

Bar Kochba died fighting the Romans in Batar, his headquarters in 135 CE. [12]

The Bar Kokhba revolt was crushed. According to Cassius Dio 580,000 Jews are killed. Hadrian orders the expulsion of Jews from Judea, which is merged with Galilee to form the province Syria Palaestina. Although large Jewish populations remain in Samarea and Galilee, with Tiberias as the headquarters of exiled Jewish patriarchs, this is the start of the Jewish diaspora. [13] Hadrian banished Jews from Jerusalem allowing them to only enter the city only once a year, to mourn. Hadrean constructs a pagan temple to Jupiter Capitolinus, the patron deity of Rome, at the site of the Temple in Jerusalem, builds Aelia Capitolina among ruins of Jerusalem.[14] Hadrian turns Jerusalem it into a Roman/Greco city, with a circus, an ampitheater, baths, and with streets conforming into a Roman grid pattern; Judaea becomes the Roman province Syria Palestina (Palestine).[15] To further blot out the connection between the Jews and the land of Judea, Samaria, and Galiliee, Hadrian renamed it Syria Palestina, a name that remains in opposition to the name “Israel” to this day.[16]

50-135 A.D.: The great sage Rabbi ‘Aqiva (/50-135 CE) states the Talmudic problem of the ten tribes very clearly in his commentary on Leviticus 26:38 “ and ye shall perish [be lost] among the gentiles.” The passage, says ‘Aqiva, “refers to the tribes exiled to Media [the ten tribes].” The debate here is about the meaning of th e Hebrew word avad: does it mean to “perish” (as ‘Aquva, insists), or does it mean to be “exiled” and , therefore, as Neubauer puts it, to be “with the hope of returning”[17]

135 (9 Av 3895) BETAR (Eretz Israel)

The last major stronghold in Judea fell against overwhelming Roman forces. Simon bar Kochba (bar Kosiba) the leader of the revolt was killed. An estimated half a million Jews perished in this revolt which left over 985 villages and 50 fortresses in ruins. So great were the Roman losses that the emperor in his annual report to the Senate left out the customary: "I and my army are well." [18]

C. 135 FIGHT OVER THE CALENDARS

Rabbi Hanania (nephew of Rabbi Joshua) had arrived in Babylon a few years earlier prior to the Bar Kochba revolt. In the wake of the persecutions and the weakening of the Sanhedrin, he decided to institute a calendar to be used in the Diaspora. His move was vigorously opposed by the Rabbis of Eretz Israel (Judah b. Bathyra), fearing that it would lead to a decline in the importance and centrality of the scholars in Israel. [19]

136 JERUSALEM (Eretz Israel)

Hadrian built a pagan temple on the site of the destroyed Temple. He renamed the city Aelia Capatolina and forbade Jews to enter into the city. [20]

138 - 161 ANTONINUS PIUS (Roman Empire) http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/images/camera.gif

Roman emperor and successor to Hadrian. He repealed most of Hadrian's harsher decrees. [21]

138 - C. 220 (15 Kislev 3980) JUDAH THE PRINCE (Judah HaNasi) (Eretz Israel)

Known simply as Rabbi. He was the first acknowledged Patriarch (Nasi) responsible for both the Sanhedrin and for acting as the political head of the community. For the most part, Patriarchs like Judah the Prince were chosen from descendents of Hillel. The last Hillelite Patriarch was Gamliel VI (b.370- d.425). Judah HaNasi's greatest contribution was collecting and codifying the Mishna. [22]



April 20, 636: At the Battle of Yarmuk the Arabs took control of Syria and Palestine away from the Byzantine Empire. It is considered by some historians to have been one of the most significant battles in the history of the world, since it marked the first great wave of Muslim conquests outside Arabia, and heralded the rapid advance of Islam into Christian Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia. The battle took place only four years after the prophet Muhammad died in 632. Considering the way the Christians had been treating them, the conquest by the Arabs left the Jews in a comparatively better position.[23] The victory at Yarmuk led to the first great wave of Moslem conquest that would sweep across Egypt, North Africa and across the Mediterranean to Spain. Conditions for the Jews improved compared to life under the Byzantines. The Golden Age of Spain was the ultimate high point of this change. But life under Islam was uneven for Jews and they suffered in many different areas depending upon which group of Islamists was in control.[24]

April 12, 1298: During the civil war between Adolf of Nassau and Albrecht of Austria, German knight Rindfleisch claims to have received a mission from heaven to exterminate “the accursed race of Jews”. Under his leadership, the mob goes from town to town destroying Jewish communities and massacring about 100,000 Jews, often by mass burning at stake. Among 146 localities in Franconia, Bavaria and Austria are Rottingen (April 20), Wurzburg (July 24), Nuremberg (August 1). [25] King (Saint) Louis canonized by Rome, death of Adolf Count of Nassau the German King, Marco Polo begins to dictate his memoirs in Genoese jail, Adolf of Nassau dethroned by electors and killed in Battle of Golhleim – succeeded as German king by Albert I of Austria, Jacobus de Baragine author of “The Golden Legend” dies, spinning wheel invented, longbow revolutionizes warfare at Battle of Falkirk, Marco Polo imprisoned in Genoa and writes account of travels in Asia, End of Adolf Count of Nassau as HRE, Edward I defeats William Wallace at battle of Falkirk and reconquers Scotland, William Wallace of Scotland defeated at Falkirk but starts guerilla war to 1305.[26]

Edward I is the 21st great grandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.

April 20, 1303: Pope Boniface VIII issues the bull creating The University of Rome La Sapienza. Considering the fact that Boniface believed in the concept that “Outside the Church, no Salvation” meaning that the key to salvation required membership in the Catholic Church, it is safe to assume that there were no Jewish students or faculty at the school. Relations between the Jews and the school have obviously changed as can be seen by the “wide-ranging cooperation agreement” that was signed by Tel Aviv University and Rome's Sapienza University in March of 2010. The agreement, allows for exchanges of students and professors, as well as joint research projects and master's programs. The Italian economist Franco Modigliani and Zionst Ze'ev Jabotinsky were two of the most prominent Jews to attend the University of Rome during the 20th century.[27]

1304: Edward de Monthermer, born 1304 and died 1339. [28] Death of Rudiger Manesse the collector of minnesingers’ songs, Giotto di Bondone begins painting frescos at Arena chapel, Death of Pope Benedict XI, Petrarch the Italian poet born. [29]

1305: William Wallace of Scotland captured and beheaded by England, Death of Wenceslas II of Bohemia Poland and Hungary, Pope Clement V elected, Giotto paints “Life of Christ” and “Last Judgement”, Edward I standardizes yard and acre, Clement V moves Papacy to France – start of Babylonian Captivity until 1377/8 for next 7 popes, Clement V named Pope (Bertrand de Got Archbishop of Bordeaux) to 1314, Frescoes of Arena Chapel in Padua painted by Giotto William "Babylonian Captivity" (papacy in Avignon) begins Pope Clement V (Bertrand de Got Bordeaux) elected Jun 5,[30]

1304-1424: In recent years evidence has emerged suggesting pre-Columbian contact between the Mapuche people of south-central Chile and Polynesians. Chicken bones found at the site El Arenal in the Arauco Peninsula, an area inhabited by Mapuche, support a pre-Columbian introduction of chicken to South America.[7] The bones found in Chile were radiocarbon-dated to between 1304 and 1424, before the arrival of the Spanish. DNA sequences taken were matched to those of chickens in American Samoa and Tonga, and dissimilar to European chicken.[8][9] However, a later report in the same journal looking at the same mtDNA concluded that the Chilean chicken specimen clusters with the same European/Indian subcontinental/Southeast Asian sequences, providing no support for a Polynesian introduction of chickens to South America.[10]

Furthermore, in December 2007, several human skulls with Polynesian features, such as a pentagonal shape when viewed from behind, were found lying on a shelf in a museum in Concepción. These skulls turned out to be originating from Mocha Island, an island just off the coast of Chile in the Pacific Ocean, nowadays inhabited by Mapuche. Professor Lisa Matisoo-Smith of the University of Otago and José Miguel Ramírez Aliaga of the University of Valparaíso hope to win agreement soon with the locals of Mocha Island to begin an excavation search for Polynesian remains on the island.[11]

Geneticist Erik Thorsby and colleagues have published two studies in the peer-reviewed journal Tissue Antigens that evidence an Amerindian genetic contribution to the Easter Island population, determining that it was probably introduced prior to European discovery of the island.[12][13] [31]

April 20, 1314: Pope Clement V passed away. Clement was the first of the “Avignon Popes. In the first year of his reign, 1305, he became the “first pope to threaten Jews with an economic boycott in an attempt to force them to stop charging Christians interest on loans.”[32]

1315 LOUIS X (France): Philip's brother and successor, he allowed the Jews back into France for financial considerations. (Jews were often expelled because of pressure from the Church, economic or political considerations, only to be readmitted at a later date.) The Jews were promised one year's notice should permission to return be rescinded. [33]Belfast Ireland suffers three years of late freezes, Leopold of Austria defeated at Morgarten – Swiss league renewed, Lyons silk industry developed by Italian immigrants, flood and starvation in England - Start of Great European Famine killing 7.5 million until 1317, height of Mali Empire, Swiss defeat Leopold of Austria at Battle of Morgarten, Edward Bruce, Robert's brother accepts crown of Ireland. [34]


1315-1317: Great European Famine

Great European Famine The Worst Droughts and Famines in History Politics & History picture

Creating the worst famine ever seen in Europe, the Great Famine of 1315–1317, also known as the Great European Famine, was actually a series of crises. The tragedy, that killed an estimated 7.5 million people, was caused by strange weather and unrelenting rains.[35]


1316: End of Louis X of France, Edward Bruce crowned king of Ireland, Muberak becomes last of Khilji rulers of Delhi, Pope John XXII elected, Modinus' Anatomy published in Italy, Search for Prester John in Ethiopia a legendary Christian emperor – friars sent by Catholic Church, death of Louis X the Quarrelsome of France Joun I rules briefly then Philip V until 1322 John XXII Pope to 1334, Pope John XXII elected, Jacques d'Euse (French). [36]



April 20, 1505: Philibert of Luxembourg expelled the Jews from Orange Burgundy. At this time Luxembourg is ruled by Phillip the Fair, King of Spain - where Jews had been expelled in 1492. Phillip's mother was Marie of Burgundy. In this case the Jews merely seemed to have gotten caught up in the dynastic swirl that was so much of European History prior to the French Revolution.[37]

April 20, 1754

“The 20th.-Came down to Col. Cresap’s [Old Town, Md.] to order the detachment, and on my route had notice that the fort was taken by the French. That news was confirmed by Mr. Ward, the ensign of Capt Trent, who had been obliged to surrender to a body of one thousand French and upwards, unde command of Capt. Contrcooeur, who was came down from Venango with sixty bateaux[38] and three hundred canoes[39], and who, having planted eighteen pieces of cannon against the fort, afterwards had sent him a summons to depart.”[40]

The French take the British fort at the present-day location of Pittsburgh

In his April 20, 1754 journal entry, Washington recorded hearing about Ward‘s encounter with

the French as follows:

April 20th Came down to Colonel Cresap‘s to order the Detachment, and on my Route,

had notice that the Fort was taken by the French. That news was confirmed by Mr Ward,

the Ensign of Captain Trent, who had been obliged to surrender to a Body of one

thousand French and upwards, under the Command of Captain Contrecoeur, who was

come from Venango Presque Isle with sixty bateaux, and three hundred canoes[41], and who

having planted eighteen pieces of Cannon against the Fort, afterwards had sent him a

Summons to withdraw.

The ejection of Trent‘s forces under threat of military force was an overt act of war, as was the

attack at Loggstown. The first such overt act was the attack on Pickawillany.[42]



April 20, 1756.

Sir: I received yours, dispatched last night by Express about two o’clock this morning. There is ammunition already sent up, but I send you more now. I hope ere this, Captain Harrison is safe arrived with you. Let him know it is my Orders, that he return the Horses he took up with him, per the first safe hand that is coming down: and that he transmit me constantly what intelligence he may receive.

I can scarcely give credit to any part of the Report you transmitted to me, from Captain Ashby. If Captain Harrison can, by good woodsmen, get intelligence of the number of the Enemy, and their place of Rendezvous, if near your Station. I would have them endeavour to surprise them in the night, by failing upon them at their sleeping places. Yours, &c.[43]



George Washington to Edward Hubbard, April 20, 1756

April 20, 1756

Sir: You will receive by the Bearer as much powder as I think will suffice: Ball, according to your own account, you have enough of. I am informed by the Bearer, that the Inhabitants at Enoch’s (where your party is garrisoned) are desirous of moving. I would therefore recommend that you may, if you can convey them, and such Stores as are in your Custody, to retreat to Edward’s. If you find this impracticable; Captain Harrison is ordered to send a Sergeant and ten men, to strengthen you, from that place. You are to take care that it is sent for that purpose. I expect in a very little time to have a number of men to relieve the Inhabitants on all the waters: But in case this should not be done: you must give to that poor distressed people, part of the provision which you have for the Garrison: and see that there is the greatest care and economy therein. I am, Sir, &c.[44]



No. 8.—William CRAWFORD TO George WASHINGT0N.

April 20, 1771.

SIR:—Agreeable to your request, I went to view Colonel Croghan’s land; but before it could be done the line was to be run, which I attended and viewed the whole; but I could not find the quantity of land you wanted, nor one thousand acres such as you would like, or such as I would have, to be laid off as he wanted me to lay it off. There was some good land on Raccoon creek, [45](1) along the stream, but it was very hilly off from the creek. The hills are of the poorest sort, all piney, where the bottoms are of any goodness. What land is worth anything is already taken by somebody, whose survey comes within the line we run. But the Colonel is not content with that line, as he thinks it does not include lands enough. I am afraid he has not a proper title to what lie is now claiming; but I will avoid giving him any certain answer about the land as long as I can possibly do so. I have found some good tracts of land on the head of Chartier’s creek and the head of Raccoon creek. It is good, level, farming land, and good meadow, but not that quantity you wanted. I believe I can procure you a tract, in one body of three thousand acres, which is very good, well watered, and about fifteen or twenty miles from the fort. I have not told him where the land lies, and I am afraid to tell him till he runs the line, for I think if he knew of it he would run it in on purpose to have the selling of it to you; as he prides himself much upon it, and makes it a handle to all bargains he is making with other people.

I have told him I have found some land; and if it comes in his land, or within his line, I will agree with him for it. I have run it out, and have hired some hands to work on it, in order to hold it till I know how to come by a right for it; as it is very good. I think you may have between three and four thousand acres in a body—very good land for farming.

You may depend on my being as cautious as you could wish in every particular concerning the soldier lands; and as soon as I can finish the outlines I shall wait on you, which I hope will be by the first of August. I shall then run out lines going down the river and coming back; as then the stream will be low, and I can measure up the beach. You shall hear from me by all safe opportunities. I am, etc.[46]

George Washington is the grandnephew of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed.





April 20, 1775:

Lexington Alarm Letter, April 20, 1775. Daniel Tyler, copyist. Brooklyn, Connecticut. Ink on paper. Museum Purchase, A95/011.


Lexington Alarm Letter, April 20, 1775. Daniel Tyler, copyist. Brooklyn, chase, Lexington Alarm Letter, April 20, 1775. Daniel Tyler, copyist. Brooklyn, Connecticut. Ink on paper. Museum Purchase, 5/011.1.







Lexington Alarm Letter, April 20, 1775. Daniel Tyler, copyist. Brooklyn, Connecticut. Ink on paper. Museum Purchase, A95/011.


Each year around the time of the Patriot’s Day holiday, the Museum is proud to display the Lexington Alarm letter drafted the morning of April 19, 1775. It alerted the colonies that war with the British had begun with the shots fired on the Lexington Green. This historic manuscript supports the claim that the skirmish in Lexington was, indeed, the principal event that launched the American War for Independence. Before the Museum acquired it, the Alarm letter had been privately held for more than 200 years.


April 20, 1775: Virginia's Royal Governor Lord Dunmore attempted to take the gunpowder from the Williamsburg magazine as part of his attempt to hold on to power in the colony. In response, Patrick Henry led the Patriot militia in a standoff with Dunmore's troops until fellow Virginian Patriot Carter Braxton negotiated a settlement. The incident is known as the Gunpowder Affair. [47]



April 20, 1776: At a Court held at Pittsburgh, for the District of West

Augusta the Twentieth day of August, 1776 : Present, Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost, John Gibson, David Sheperd, John Cannon, and William Goe, gent.



Dorsey Penticost and John Gibson, Gent, administered the Oath prescribed by an ordinance entitled ' ' an ordinance to enable the present Magistrates & officers to continue the administration of Justice & for setling the General mode of Proceeding in criminal and other cases, till the same can be more amply provided for," to Edward Ward, Gent, and then the said Edward Ward administered the aforesaid oath to John Gibson, Dorsey Penticost, John Cannon, David Shepherd, and Wm. Goe, Gentn. David Shepherd, and John Cannon, Gent, are (77) appointed to Contract with some person or persons to build a

house 24 by 14 With a petition in the middle, to be Used for a Goal at Augusta Town. 17

John Madison, Jun'r, Denuty Clerk, took the Oath appointed by an Ordinance of Convention.

Patrick McElroy, Deputy Sheriff, took the Aforesaid Oath.

Court Proclaimed.

McKinley vs Beal, Agreed, pd.

Samuel Newell and Michael Thorn, being bound over on the Complt of James Chambers, who being called and not appearing to prosecute It is Ord that they be discharged.

Dav'd Steel, a Deputy Sheriff, took the Oath appointed by an Ordinance of Convention.

Admon of the Estate of Joshua Hudson, dec'd, granted to his brother Wm. Hudson, he hav'g Comp with the Law.

Ordered that Robert Jones, John Jarrett, Henry Hall, and Aaron Jenkins, or any 3, App the Estate.

Ord that all the Constables be Summoned to be Sworn agreable to the Ordinance of Convention before the most Convenient Magistrate to them.

Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost, and John Gibson, Gentn, are recommended as proper persons for his Excellency to choose one of them to Act as Sheriff for the Ensuing Year.

Alex'r McKee, Philip Ross, Benja Kuykendall, John Nevill, David Rodgers, Isaac Cox, Geo McCormick, Matthew Ritchey,

Wm. Louther, John Evans, Jas. Chew, David Scott, John (78) Harden, Sen'r, John Swearengen, Thomas Gaddis, James McCoy, Wm. Harrison, John DeCamp, Caleb Graydon, Henry Heath, Sam'l Newell, Thos Brown, James Hammond, Thos

Freeman, Wm Moore, Joshua Wright, Rich'd Yeats, John McDowell, Erasmus Bokias, David Enocks, James Hopkins, Henry Enocks, Henry Vanmetree, Chas Dodd, Daniel Mcfarlane, John Mitchell, James Caldwell, John Walker, John Williamson, Sen'r, Wm. Scott, Thomas Polk, David Andrews, John Mc

Donald, Oliver Miller, Zachariah Spriggs, And'w Swearengen,

BenjaFry, Jonathan Coburn,John Hamilton, and Jonas Freind,

are recommended as proper persons to be added to the Com-

mission of the Peace.



Moses Williamson, Jun'r, is App'd a Constable, and It is

Ord that he be Sum'd to be Sworn into the office before Mr.

David Shepherd.

Ord that the Court be adjorned until the third Tuesday in

September next to Catfish Camp at Augusta Town[48] Edw. Ward. [49]



April 20, 1779: Cutting a 1779 road to Turkey Foot

The 1900 book ―Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society‖ (Appendix 0024) summarizes Revolutionary War Quartermaster General Nathanael Greene‘s copy of a letter from Captain Charles Clinton to Colonel Morgan. The summary indicates that a road from Fort Cumberland to Turkey Foot was cut in 1779 by troops under Clinton‘s command. The published summary reads as follows:

CLINTON, CHARLES (Capt.), to COL. MORGAN: 1779.—April 20. Fort Cumberland.

— Has opened the road from the above place to Turkey Foot, except four or five miles.

Money needed to pay hands. Enclosing survey.

We have not been able to locate the survey that accompanied the original letter88[50]. The body ofthe letter (Figure 0364) reads:

Yours of the 25th of March came to hand the 6th instant. I have open‘d the Road from this place to Turkey Foot except four or five miles which I expect will be completed this week.

I shall be in Want of Money to pay the Hands, which you will please to send by the first

Opportunity — I think three thousand five hundred dollars89 will be sufficient — The Men who are employed are all of Opinion that a good Waggon Road may be made as the

whole way is clear of Swamps except about twenty Perches near the little Crossings —

The enclosed Survey is laid down by a Scale of 600 equal parts to an Inch –

Little Crossings

Clinton‘s mention of ―Little Crossings‖ seems, at first blush, to mean that Clinton‘s road went through the present-day Grantsville area, where the 1813 Stone Bridge crosses the Casselman River. After all, that place has been referred to as the ―Little Crossings‖ since George 88 The letter and survey are not part of the Morgan Letter Book Collection at the Carnegie Library (Pittsburgh) or the Morgan family papers at the Senator John Heinz History Center (Pittsburgh).

Washington called it that in 175590. The complicating factor with that interpretation is that the entire Casselman River was sometimes referred to as ―Little Crossings‖. For example, Doctor James Craig‘s October 2, 1784 letter to General Washington (quoted at length in the following chapter) mentions ―sixty miles of difficult navigation up the Little Crossing‖. This is a clear reference to a stream, rather than a fording site. For another example, see the 1790 Abrams survey of the present-day location of Confluence (Figure 0365). Volume IV of the 1814 book ―The Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America and the West Indies‖ also refers to the Casselman River as ―Little Crossings‖, stating: TURKEY FOOT, in Youghiogany river, is the point of junction of the great S. Branch, Little Crossings from the s. e. and N. Branch from the n. It is 40 miles from the mouth of the river, 20 miles s.s.w. of Berlin, in Pennsylvania, and 29 n.e. of Morgantown. Lat. 39º 48‘ n..[51]

FORT PITT, April 20, 1782.

Sir:—I arrived here the 25th of March. At that time things were in greater confusion than can well be conceived. The country people were, to all appearance, in a fit of frenzy. About three hundred had just returned from the Moravian towns, where they found about ninety men, women and children [Moravian Indians, usually so stated], all of whom they put to death,[52] it is said, after cool deliberation and considering the matter for three days. The whole were collected into their church and tied when singing hymns.[53] On [after] their return, a party came and attacked a few Delaware Indians, who have yet remained with us, on a small island close by this garrison, killed two who had captains’ commissions in our Service, and several others; the remainder effected their escape into the fort, except two who ran to the woods, and have not Since been heard of. There was an officer’s guard on the island at the same time, but he either he did not do his duty or his men connived at the thing; which, I am not yet able to ascertain. This last outrage was committed the day before I arrived; nothing of this nature has been attempted since. [54]

A number of wrong-headed men had conceived an opinion that Colonel Gibson was a friend to Indians, and that he must be killed also. These transactions, added to the then mutinous disposition of the regular troops, had nearly brought on the loss of this whole country. I am confident, if this post was evacuated, the bounds of Canada would be extended to the Laurel Hill in a few weeks. I have the pleasure, however, to inform your excellency that things now wear a more favorable aspect. The troops are again reduced to obedience,[55] and I have had a meeting or convention of the county lieutenants and several field officers, with whom I have made arrangements for defending their frontiers, and who promise to exert them­selves in drawing out the militia, agreeably to law, my requisitions. The few remaining Indians, chiefly women and children, are exceedingly troublesome to us, as they dare not stir out of the fort; not one of the warriors will even venture on a reconnoitering party. I think they would be bettor in some more interior part of the country, where they could be both cheaper fed and clothed. Besides, it is not only inconvenient but improper to have them among the troops, who are, without them, crowded in dirty, bad barracks. I begyour excellency’s instructions how to dispose of them. Their chief, Killbuck,[56] has a son and brother at Princeton college,- whom he is anxious to see.

Captain [Uriah] Springer,[57] of the Virginia line, marched, some time since, with three Indians and as many white men, towards Sandusky, for the purpose of gaining intelligence; but the Indians proved too timid for him to venture to go all the way. He of course returned, without being able to accomplish anything. I thought it too great a risk, but it was by his request, and that of the Indians, who were very solicitous. It was proved on one of the party, named [John] Eels[58], that he intended betraying Captain Springer, and all the party, into the hands of the enemy. I directed a board of officers to inquire into his conduct, who were of opinion he should suffer death. I ordered him executed; he was shot on the 12th instant, seemingly much to the satisfaction of the other Indians.

Civil authority is by no means properly established in this country, which I doubt not proceeds in some degree from in attention in the executives of Virginia and Pennsylvania. Not running the boundary line is, I think, a proof of this, which is at present an excuse for neglects of duty of all kinds, for at least twenty miles on each side of the line. More evils will arise from this neglect, than people are aware of. Emigration and new states are much talked of. Advertisements are set up, announcing a day to assemble at Wheeling, for all who wish to become members of a new state on the Muskingum. A certain Mr. J~ is at the head of this party; he is ambitious, restless, and some say disaffected. Most people, however, agree he is open to corruption; he has been in England since the commencelnent of the present war. Should these people actually emigrate, they must be either entirely cut off or immediately take protection from the British, which I fear is the real design of some of the party, though I think a great majority have no other views than to acquire lands. As I apprehended taking cognizance of these matters would come best from tile civil authority, I have Written to the governors of Virginia and Pennsylvania on the subject, which I should not have done, till I bad first acquainted your excellency thereof, but for tills consideration, namely, that the 20th of May is the day appointed for the emigrants to rendezvous; consequently, a representation from you would be too late, in case the states.shouid think proper to take measures to prevent them. I am much embarrassed by the scanty and irregu. lar supply of provision. I intend to write to Mr. Morris on this head.

April 20, 1782

Irvine to Harrison, April 20, 1782. It is evident from what Irvine says that he refers to the establishing of a new state beyond the Ohio, in the Indian country. [59]



April 20, 1784: REGIMENT VON MIRBACH

(MIR plus company number)

The Regiment V. Mirbach departed on March 1, 1776 from Melsungen. It embarked from Breznerlehe on May 12, 1776 and reached New York on August 14, 1776. The regiment was part of the Hessian First Division and took part in the following major engagements:

-- Long Island (NY, August 27, 1776)

-- Fort Washington (upper Manhattan, NY, November 16, 1776)

-- Brandywine (PA, September 11, 1777)

-- Redbank (Gloucester County, NJ, also known as Fort Mercer, October 22-November 21, 1777)

The regiment departed from New York on 21 November

1783 and arrived at Breznerlehe on April 20, 1784.

They returned to their quarters in Melsungen on May 30, 1784.



Musketeer Regiment von Mirbach, to 1780: Musketeer Regiment Jung von Lossburg, 1780 to war’s end (Hesse Cassel) Arrived at New York August 1776 Sent on the 1777 Philadelphia campaign fighting at Brandywine and Red Bank, N.J. Returned to New York, December, 1777, and stationed there until returned to Germany, 1783. Uniform: Red facings trimmed with plain white lace, white small clothes, red stocks; officers’ lace, silver.

CHIEF: Major General W. von Mirbach, to 1780

Major General W. von Lossburg, 1780 to war’s end

COMMANDER: Colonel J.A. von Loos, to 1777 Colonel von Block, 1777-1779

Colonel C.C. von Romrod, 1777 to war’s end

FIELD COMMANDER: Lieutenant Colonel von Schieck, to October, 1777

Lieutenant Colonel H. von Borck, October, 1777 to war’s end.[60]

April 20, 1799: In a proclamation, a copy of which is quoted below, Napoleon "promised" the Jews of Eretz Israel the "reestablishment of ancient Jerusalem", coupled with a plea for their support. This was the first promise by a modern government to establish a Jewish state. In 1799, the French armies under Napoleon were camped outside of Acre. Napoleon issued a letter offering Palestine as a homeland to the Jews under French protection. The project was stillborn because Napoleon was defeated and was forced to withdraw from the Near East. The letter is remarkable because it marks the coming of age of enlightenment philosophy, making it respectable at last to integrate Jews as equal citizens in Europe and because it marked the beginning of nineteenth century projects for Jewish autonomy in Palestine under a colonial protectorate. After the defeat of Napoleon, it was largely the British who carried forward these projects, which have in hindsight been given the somewhat misleading name of "British Zionism." Napoleon conquered Jaffa but retreated from Acco (Acre); Napoleon's Proclamation of a Jewish State was stillborn, and his declaration of equal rights for Jews was repealed in part in 1806.




Letter to the Jewish Nation from the French Commander-in-Chief Bonaparte issued at General Headquarters, Jerusalem 1st Floreal, April 20th, 1799, in the year of 7 of the French Republic by BUONAPARTE, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMIES OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC IN AFRICA AND ASIA, TO THE RIGHTFUL HEIRS OF PALESTINE.




Israelites, unique nation, whom, in thousands of years, lust of conquest and tyranny have been able to be deprived of their ancestral lands, but not of name and national existence!




Attentive and impartial observers of the destinies of nations, even though not endowed with the gifts of seers like Isaiah and Joel, have long since also felt what these, with beautiful and uplifting faith, have foretold when they saw the approaching destruction of their kingdom and fatherland: And the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads; they shall obtain joy and gladness and sorrow and sighing shall flee away. (Isaiah 35,10) Arise then, with gladness, ye exiled! A war unexampled In the annals of history, waged in self-defense by a nation whose hereditary lands were regarded by its enemies as plunder to be divided, arbitrarily and at their convenience, by a stroke of the pen of Cabinets, avenges its own shame and the shame of the remotest nations, long forgotten under the yoke of slavery, and also, the almost two-thousand-year-old ignominy put upon you; and, while time and circumstances would seem to be least favorable to a restatement of your claims or even to their expression ,and indeed to be compelling their complete abandonment, it offers to you at this very time, and contrary to all expectations, Israel's patrimony! The young army with which Providence has sent me hither, let by justice and accompanied by victory, has made Jerusalem my head-quarters and will, within a few days, transfer them to Damascus, a proximity which is no longer terrifying to David's city. Rightful heirs of Palestine! The great nation which does not trade in men and countries as did those which sold your ancestors unto all people (Joel,4,6) herewith calls on you not indeed to conquer your patrimony ;nay, only to take over that which has been conquered and, with that nation's warranty and support, to remain master of it to maintain it against all comers.




Arise! Show that the former overwhelming might of your oppressors has but repressed the courage of the descendants of those heroes who alliance of brothers would have done honor even to Sparta and Rome (Maccabees 12, 15) but that the two thousand years of treatment as slaves have not succeeded in stifling it. Hasten!, Now is the moment, which may not return for thousands of years, to claim the restoration of civic rights among the population of the universe which had been shamefully withheld from you for thousands of years, your political existence as a nation among the nations, and the unlimited natural right to worship Jehovah in accordance with your faith, publicly and most probably forever (JoeI 4,20).[61]

Joseph LeClere was said to be the member of Napoleon’s elite bodyguard unit. Joseph LeClere is the 5th greatgrandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.


1812 - April 20 - The representatives of Benjamin Harrison entitled to land allowed a Captain of the Continental Line for three years. Virginia Council Chamber, Apr. 20, 1812, James Barbour, Governor. Received of Register, Warrant 6014 for 4,000 acres issued April 20, 1812.

Attest: John Davenport

(Burgess, v. 3, P. 1397)

Battle Harrison

(for myself and as attorney for Robert Harrison)

1812 - April 20 - Land Office Military Warrant 6014 (our soldier's name was misspelled!): To the Principal Surveyor of the Land set apart for the Officers and Soldiers of the Commonwealth of Virginia: THIS shall be your WARRANT to survey and lay off in one or more surveys, for Representatives of Benjamin Harris, their heirs or assigns, the quantity of Four Thousand acres of Land, due unto the said Representatives in consideration of the said Benjamin Harris services for three years as a Captain of the Virginia Continental line agreeably to a certificate from the Governor and Council, which is received into the Land Office. Given under my hand, and the seal of said Office, this twentieth day of April in the year one thousand Eight hundred and twelve

4000 Acres

Chas. Blagrove

Regr - Land Off

For value received I do hereby assign unto William Fulton Eight Hundred acres of the within Warrant Number Six Thousand and fourteen -

June 16th 1812.

Witness present

Eliza Fulton

John A. Fulton

Batteal Harrison the legal Representative of Benjamin Harrison [62]


April 20, 1836: Congress establishes the Wisconsin Territory.[63]



April 20, 1845: PAYMENT NOTICES

Certificate of Pension issued January 25, 1844 and sent to Thomas Monroe, Woodstock VA. Rate of 75 dollars per annum.



Paid aTreasury under act April 6, 1838 from March 4, 1844 to September 4, 1844. Agent notified April 20, 1845.



January 30, 1846: The Adm. of Nancy Vance, decd.....paid from March 4, 1844 to September 4, 1844.



FINAL PAYMENT RECORD



Date of death of Nancy Vance is given as February 8, 1845. Payment made to Law. Marx, Atty., February 5, 1846. Ricmond Roll. No other genealogical data of interest.[64]



Nancy Vance is the 2nd cousin 6x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove



May 1844: Bishop Andrew the Methodist Bishop, was a slave owner and because of this he voted out. Because of this the southern Methodist’s broke away and formed the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Other Protestant Denominations ruptured as well. [65]

April 20, 1863: The original intention to move to Carthage was changed at this time by reason of several breaks in the levee along Bayou Vidal, which placed Carthage on an island. On the morning of the 20th, our division (General Hovey's) took the lead. [66]

Wed. April 20, 1864

Laid in camp

Troops leaving for Alexandra[67]



William Harrison Goodlove is the 2nd great grandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.



April 20, 1864: Samuel Godlove of the Iowa 24th Infantry Regiment, D Co., Battle at Red River, Louisiana on April 20, 1864[68]



April 20, 1878: Samuel Martin GUTLEBEN was born on May 19, 1877 in Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died on February 16, 1946 in Alameda,Alameda,CA at age 68.

Samuel married Bertha HOFFMAN, daughter of William HOFFMAN and Catherine HOFF, on April 5, 1899. Bertha was born on April 20, 1878 in ,,IL and died on October 18, 1946 at age 68. [69]



April 20, 1881: On board Convoy 48 was Fernande Gottlieb born June 25, 1909 from Paris, France, Meyer Gottlieb born April 15, 1881 from Paris, France, and Rosa Gottlieb, born April 20, 1881, from Paris, France.



The routine telex to Eichmann and to Auschwitz was sent on February 13 by Rothke, informing its recipients that on the same day, at 10:10 AM, a convoy of 1,000 Jews left the station at Le Bourget/Drancy for Auschwitz, with Lieutenant Nowak at the helm of the escort. A note by Rothke dated February 16 (XXVc-207) indicated that the convoy had to leave with German forces, but that in spite of their hyesitations, the French police did cooperate in the end when the train was embarking.



There were eight successful escapes from this convoy before the border; and official reports were made on the subject (XXVc-206, 208, 219, 237, and 238. They were also the subject of studies by A. Rutkowski (“Le Mond Juif”: No. 73; January/March 1974; pp. 10-29; and La lute des Juifs en France: pp. 150-59).



Convoy 48 arrived in Auschwitz on February 15. One hundred forty four men were selected and received numbers 102350 through 102492. One hundred sixty seven women received numbers 35357 through 35523. The rest of the convoy was immediately gassed.



In 1945 there were 17 survivors from among the 311 selected. One was a woman.[70]



April 20, 1889

Adolf Hitler is born in Austria/Hungary, an empire of many races and languages.[71] Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 at the Gasthof zum Pommer, an inn in Ranshofen, a village annexed in 1938 to the municipality of Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary. He was the fourth of six children to Alois Hitler and Klara Pölzl (1860–1907). Adolf's older siblings – Gustav, Ida, and Otto – died in infancy.[72]



April 20, 1899

Last week Thursday in some way Hazel Goodlove, who is living with George Whitcomb, got her finger in a cornsheller, and had it badly lacerated, but will not lose it.[73]



Hazel Goodlove is the 1st cousin 2x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove



April 20, 1903: Carter Harrison Jr terms as Mayor of Chicago

Inauguration:
•1st term: April 15, 1897
•2nd term: April 10, 1899
•3rd term: April 8, 1901
•4th term: April 20, 1903
•5th term: April 17, 1911, 9:25 p.m.

Terms of office:
•1st term: 1897-1899
•2nd term: 1899-1901
•3rd term: 1901-1903
•4th term: 1903-1905
•5th term: 1911-1915

Birth: April 23, 1860
Death: December 25, 1953 [74]


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Carter Harrison Jr. is the 9th cousin 4x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove

On April 20, 1906: 20,000 refugees trapped by the massive San Francisco earthquake and fire were evacuated from the foot of Van Ness Avenue onto the USS Chicago. [75]



April 20, 1906: Halley’s comet returns. It is widely believed that there is poison in the tail. [76] Mark Twain, who was born during the last return of Halley, predicted that he would die in this one. Twain died in his home in Connecticut the next day.[77]



April 20, 1921: All told, 232 persons registered their objections to the formation of the district by signing one of five petitions circulated throughout the area. The first petition, signed by 102 voters and taxpayers from Hazel Green Township, was filed on April 20, 1921. It read qute simply: “ We the undersigners, voters and taxpayers of Hazel Green Twp., Delaware Co., Ia. Do most emphatically protest against the incorporation of any part of the Hazel Green Destrict into the Buck Creek Consolidation as outlined in your proclamation published in the Hopkinton Leader of April 14, 1921. WE also claim that the law does not intend that the interests of one locality should be jeopardized because of the prior action of another.”

Most of those signing were Cathoolics. Some no doubt were loath to lose eight section of prime farmland to the Buck Creek district because it reduced the tax base available for the provision of schoos in Hazel Green Township. Many more, howver, mobilized and opposed the formation of the Buck Creek district because of the vehement anti-Catholic sentiment of the Buck Creekers. Another petition filed by a second contingent of forty three opponents from the subdistricts No. 6 and No. 7 in Hazel Green Township objected “to being forcibly and against the will of a large majority of the residents and taxpayers included” in the consolidated district. They appealed to the superintendent to “set out and not include” their subdistricts.

Very few men and women in the affected subdistricts in Hazel GTreen Township failed to sign one of these two petitions. This served to indicate that if the results of the election hinged on the support it received in the Hazel Green portion of the district, it would be defeated soundly. The only ones who did not sign were a few prominent members of the Buck Creek Church, the Thompsons, the Shovers, and the Houstons. Many people from those portions of Hazel Green not included in the proposed district also signed the first of these petitions. Apparently they were trying to impress upon Ottilie that the formation of the Buck Creek district as proposed would adversely affect the quality of education in the rest of Hazel Green Township.

Two identically worded petitions protesting consolidation were filed by the residents of the Union ‘”Township portion of the proposed district. Over whelmingly the signers were from the Castle Grove neighborhood, but they also included a handful of persons from the Nos. 3 and 6 subdistricts. It stated that the undersigned “emphatically protest against the consolidation of school…for reasons that the taxpayers are hard hit enough at the present time without additional burdenhs, also the proposed location of the school in inaccessibgle to a large number of the pupils of said district and for many other valid reasons that shoul appeal to an unselfish and fair minded adjudication.” The first of these was signed by thirty three people and the second by ten persons, all from the No. 4 subdistrict. Because of the storm, the latter was filed a day late, butwas apparently considered nonetheless. At least one adult from every Catholic household in these four subdistricts signed one of the two petitions. Also signing were a number of Protestant tenants not affiliated with the Buck Creek Church and a few Protestants who were opposed to the township going into debt to build a new school or found the Ku Klux Klan activities on its behalf repugnant.

It is important to note that forty persons, a majority of the voters in the three Union Townshipo subdistricts excluded froj the proposed district, also signed petitions objecting to the formation of the diestirct. These were the voters whose silendcde supposedley had been secured by their exclusion from the proposeal the previous year. Now, Klan activities in support of consolidation, coupled with the dramatic shcange for the worse in the regional economy, forced a reevaluation and political mobgilization among the predominantly Catholic families in these subdistricts. Their objections were



1. That it conflicts with the spirit and also the letter of the law as laid down in Acts of the 37th and 38th Gen. Assembly.

2. That because of the outling the Districts in which we live are so isolated that an Independent signle school is impossible and that the territory so isolated, being in the form of an ell (L) cannot do justice to the children with less than three school

3. That the territory does not comprise but 7 and a fraction sections while the law contemplates 12 sec. for (3) three schools or four for one school.[78]



The “letter of the law” in the first objection referred to the consolidation statute requiring that the boundaries of a consolidated district correspond with district and subdistrict boundaries already established. This provision had been the one upon which the district court’s decision had been based. The voters from the now officially delimited Union No. 1 subdistrict maintained that their territory was still simply part of Union No. 2. Its formal delimitation by the reconvened Union Township board the previous month was forcted upon them against their will as part of the scheme to create a Buck Creek consolidated district. In short, they maintained that an additional three sections of territory should be excluded brom the proposal. This would have brought all of the

old Upper Buck Creek neighborhood together again in a single subdistrict. It would also have left the new, but downsized, Union School Township with somewhat more than ten sections of territory. Ten sections was the minimum size territory for a xchool township to support the three country schools that the protesters felt necessary, a figure still below the twelve sections dictated by tradition. Those signing this last petition included both Catholics and Protestants proportionately in proportion to their relative numbers in the three subdistricts. It even included at least two families who were members of the Buck Creek Chjurch. With the downturn in the economy, families in thr northern one third of Union Township genuinely feared that they would be unable to support their country schools with the relatively meager tax base they would have if the Buck Creek Consolidated district was formed. Thje farmland in theis area was generally of poorer quality than that found in other neighborhoods in the township. When they claimed that the proposed district violated the “spirit” of the law laid soen bgy the 37th and 38th General Assemblies, they were referring to changes in the consolidation laws intended to ensure that rural school consolidation would not leave adjoining districts or subdistricts with too few resources to provided a good quality education for their children.

The fifth and final petition was filed on behalf of six landowners from Hopkinton who owned land in Union Township along the aMaquoketa River south of Hopkinton. Six years earlier, one of the protesters, F. E. Williamson, had been one of the advocates of forming a consolidated district centered on Hopkinton. These protesters did not object to consolidation in princicple. They simpy opposed having their properties included with the Buck Creek Consolidated district. They realized that the children of their tenants could be served by the Hopkinton school district at far less cost on a contractual basis, like that extended to the Best district.[79]

Of the 232 persons protesting the formation of the Buck Creek consolidated district, at least 96 lived within the proposed boundaries of the edistrict. This was 20 more than had voted against the earlier proposal and 8 more than the number signing the petition urging the formation of the district. The sheer number of protesters led the leaders of the opposition to think they mnight have a good chance of convincing the county superintendent or the county board of education to sustain their objections this time. If all were sustained, there would have been less than sixteen sections of territory remaining for inclusion in the consolidated district, thereby killing the proposal.[80]





March 12-April 20, 1942: Thirty thousand Jews are deported from Lublin to Belzec.[81]



November 24, 1941 to April 20, 1945: A total of 140,937 Jews of Bohemia and Moravia are deported to Theresiuenstadt; 33,539 die and 88,196 are deported further.[82]



April 20, 1945: The Soviet Union reaches Berlin.[83]



April 20, 1995: Indian Boundary Park


Indian Boundary Park


U.S. National Register of Historic Places


U.S. Historic district


Chicago Landmark


Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Indian_Boundary_Park_Fieldhouse.jpg/250px-Indian_Boundary_Park_Fieldhouse.jpg


Indian Boundary Park Fieldhouse


Description: Indian Boundary Park is located in Illinois



Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png


Location:

2500 W. Lunt, Chicago, Illinois


Coordinates:

Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png42°0′34″N 87°41′36″W / 42.00944°N 87.69333°W / 42.00944; -87.69333Coordinates: Description: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png42°0′34″N 87°41′36″W / 42.00944°N 87.69333°W / 42.00944; -87.69333


Area:

13 acres (5.3 ha)


Architect:

Glode, Richard F.; Hatzfeld, Clarence


Architectural style:

Tudor Revival


Governing body:

Local


MPS:

Chicago Park District MPS


NRHP Reference#:

95000485[1]


Significant dates


Added to NRHP:

April 20, 1995


Designated CL:

May 11, 2005


Indian Boundary Park is a thirteen-acre park in the West Ridge neighborhood of Chicago that opened in 1922.[2] It is named after a boundary line that was determined in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis between the Odawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes and the United States government. The line ran through the present park.[3]

Indian Boundary Park is known for its small zoo, which is one of two zoos within the Chicago city limits.[2] The zoo began with a single American black bear; it now primarily houses farm animals, such as goats, sheep, ducks, and chickens.[4] Indian Boundary Park is also noted for its fieldhouse, which was completed in 1929. The design of the fieldhouse incorporates Native American and Tudor elements. In 1989, a large playground was added to the park and assembled with the help of neighborhood residents.[2]

The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995,[5] and the fieldhouse was named a Chicago Landmark in 2005.[6][84]





April 2005: The Genographic Project was launched in April 2005. A five year, 40 million dollar research effort, it seeks to capture a genetic snapshot of our species at this point in time, before the genetic trails can no longer be followed. [85]



April 20, 2009:

Proud Navy man: Howard Snell survived battles of Pearl Harbor and Midway and is still fighting

Proud Navy man: Howard Snell survived battles of Pearl Harbor and Midway and is still fighting

CHRIS HUBBUCH / chubbuch@lacrossetribune.comlacrossetribune.com | Posted: Monday, April 20, 2009 12:00 am

Howard Snell is a Navy man and damn proud of it. Survived 17 battles, including Pearl Harbor and Midway. Rode one ship till it sunk.

He beams when he talks about his old employer. Who else could rescue a ship captain from a boat of gun-wielding pirates? "There's no greater Navy," he said. "We found that out last week."

Snell lives south of Genoa, in a hillside trailer court with a view of the Mississippi River. He moved there from Texas in 2006 for no real reason other than La Crosse had been his wife's hometown. He planned to do some fishing, and has a flat-bottom boat that's being painted - with "remember Pearl Harbor" on the side, but lymphoma has slowed him down again.

He still drives around the country, visiting his three grown children and attending naval reunions.

"You wouldn't know it, but she's got 211,000 miles," he says, gesturing to his white Silverado, plastered with stickers commemorating Pearl Harbor and blessing the USA.

In 2004, the first time he got sick, Snell put off his chemotherapy to attend the dedication of the World War II memorial in Washington, D.C. Last fall, he went to France for the dedication of a memorial to the 1,068 sailors who died in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. A member of the Naval Order, Snell did his part, writing checks for $106.80.

Snell is 86. He has startling blue eyes and a pencil mustache that hugs his lip. Chemotherapy has claimed some of his white hair and sapped his strength, but not his memory.

His battle stories come in rapid-fire sailor's jargon.

Born in Minnesota, he was the youngest of three kids and never knew his father. The family moved to Iowa when he was 13. He joined the Navy in 1941 and was assigned to the USS Enterprise at Pearl Harbor.

On Dec. 7, the aircraft carrier was at sea, but Snell was attending cooking school on the island. He was at breakfast when he heard the noise of the Japanese attack.

Snell remembers running to the fleet landing to see what was happening to see what was happening.

"I couldn't figure out what I was looking at," he said. "It was the Oklahoma. She'd already flipped over."

He lost a lot of friends that day.

In 1944, Snell was on leave in California while his ship was repaired after the battle of Leyte Gulf. When the sailors collected their letters, Snell had only a V-mail card from his mother. He told his shipmates he was going to get married so he could get some mail, too.

Snell and his friend George Sears went down to Los Angeles. He spotted two girls and asked George if they should make a move. He went over and asked for a dance.

"Long brown hair and beautiful," he said. "I danced with her for 57 years."

Her name was Dorothy Hoyer and she was from La Crosse. George danced with her sister, Dee.

With 16 days of leave, Snell had just enough time to get Dorothy to the altar. George made plans to marry Dee, but the sailors returned to sea. George never came back.

On May 4, 1945, the USS Morrison was attacked by Japanese kamikaze pilots. Snell remembers the first hit, and the pilot's face.

The ship sank in about 15 minutes. Snell slid down the side into the water. He took a life jacket from a dead seaman and stayed in the oil slick hoping it would keep the sharks away. According to the Navy, 152 sailors died that day.

When the war ended, Snell re-upped. He went to sonar school and qualified as a submariner. It took more than a decade, but he finally made chief petty officer.

He left in 1962 but spent another 13 years as a civilian researcher assembling information on Soviet ships.

After that, he retired and moved to Texas.

Dottie died in 2001, nine years after her stroke. Snell keeps a tray of her lipstick and perfumes on his dresser, right next to his rack of battle ribbons.

"Smells good," he says, fingering a bottle.

These days Snell's fight is on land, a doctor's office.

"I got a 60 percent chance of making it, which when you consider it - I'm 86 years old and done a lot of things," he says. "My highlight was to raise the flag at the Normandy cemetery and honor all those men."[86]

April 20, 2010







Jacqulin’s Tug a War team getting ready for battle. They went on to win for the first time in eight years. (Jacqulin upper right)













--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[2] Mapping Human History, Discovering the Past through our Genes, by Steve Olson, page 110.


[3] [2] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 122.


[4] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 122.


[5] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=130&endyear=139


[6] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 122.


[7] [2] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 122.


[8] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 122.


[9] The Naked Achaeologist, The Would be Messiah, H2, 4/2/2008


[10] National Geographic, December, 2008, page 59.


[11] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine. Page 122.


[12] The Naked Achaeologist, The Would be Messiah, H2, 4/2/2008


[13] www.wikipedia.org


[14] www.wikipedia.org


[15] National Geographic, December 2008, Map Insert., The Middle East: Land of Contrasts, 1/28/2004


[16] Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land, by Clarence H. Wagner, Jr.


[17] The Ten Lost Tribes, A World History, Zvi Ben-Dor Benite, page 74.


[18] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=130&endyear=139


[19] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=130&endyear=139


[20] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=130&endyear=139


[21] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=130&endyear=139


[22] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=130&endyear=139


[23] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[24] This Day in Jewish History


[25] Source Unknown


[26] mike@abcomputers.com


[27] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[28] Wikipedia


[29] mike@abcomputers.com


[30] mike@abcomputers.com


[31] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Columbian_trans-oceanic_contact


[32] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[33] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=1310&endyear=1319


[34] mike@abcomputers.com


[35] http://www.timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?subjid=521&title=Drought


[36] mike@abcomputers.com


[37] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[38] Bateaux. Boats built of solid, plank construction with flat bottoms and capable of carrying maybe 12 tons of goods. Mostly for use on the Great Lakes—their heavy weight precluded using them on rivers where portaging was required. Its shape was such that the bow and stern could be interchanged. Bateaux were built for rowing with oars, but that doesn’t mean no one ever tried rigging one with sails.

The French word bateau has a general meaning of "boat." A bateau de guerre would be a "war ship," for example. But, when reading of this period of history in North America, bateaux refers to the above vessel. (Note: the x at the end of the word denotes the plural form.)

http://www.thelittlelist.net/bactoblu.htm


[39] Birch bark canoe. The skin or cover of the canoe was made of birch bark, sewn together with spruce roots, and pine tar used to waterproof the seams. Birch trees (Betula papyrifera)—or paper birch, American white birches are not common in PA. The best birch bark canoes were made by Cree and Ojibway Indians in the Upper Great Lakes region. The Indians in upstate New York, Maine, Ontario, or Quebec where birch trees were common also used this type lightweight canoe. A birch bark canoe was highly desirable for its lightweight and ease of carrying when portaging. Occasionally a birch bark canoe could be seen on the Allegheny River when someone had brought one down from the northern country. Indians in western PA used dugout canoes of sycamore, tulip trees, or other. Birch is one on those trees that can be cut down and then sprout anew from one of its roots. Another advantage of the birch bark canoe is that the bark can be stripped from the tree anytime of year whereas, the elm or other tree must be stripped only at the time of year when the sap forms a liquid film to enable stripping—normally in the spring or maybe early summer.

http://www.thelittlelist.net/bactoblu.htm


[40] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, with Biographical Sketches of many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men, Edited by Franklin Ellis Vol. 1 Philadelphia; L. H. Everts & Co. 1882


[41] Canoes. Indian canoes in western PA resembled hollowed-out logs rather than the light, birchbark canoe found in the more northern climes. The shortage of birch trees in PA forced the Indians to build their small watercraft from less desirable elm, chestnut or other. Elm bark can be stripped-off the tree in the spring or early summer while the sap is up. The alternative was in burning-out a trough in logs of large trees—commonly sycamore and tulip poplar. Both have large trunks and are easier to form than the heavier white oak. Hollowing out the log was a process of burning and chipping. The iron tools of the settlers greatly simplified this process. The log canoe is infinitely heavier than birch bark and makes portaging a major exercise. Stories are told of log canoes up to 25-30 feet in length. If true, these canoes would have weighed a ton or more (especially if oak). It is written that Daniel Boone used a sixty-foot log canoe to move his family and belongings down the Ohio River in 1798. That canoe was said to be capable of holding about five tons.

When an Indian war party reached a big river, they were known to build "instant canoes" from an available elm tree. They would cut rings around the tree—one near the ground, and another maybe ten feet up. With a top-to-bottom cut, they would then strip off the bark, use roots to "sew" together the ends, and paddle their way across the river all in the matter of a few hours of labor (they could build a canoe to cross the Ohio River in a matter of 3-4 hours). They found this to be easier than cutting down trees and tying together a raft.

http://www.thelittlelist.net/bactoblu.htm#birchbar


[42] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, pages 72-73.


[43] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor


[44] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745-1799. John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor.


[45] Raccoon creek empties into the Ohio on the left, thirty-three miles, by the course of the river, below Pittsburgh.


[46] The Washington Crawford Letters, C. W. Butterfield, 1877


[47] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/patrick-henry-named-colonel-of-first-virginia-battalion


[48] This Augusta Town, was at Catfish-camp, afterward Washington, Washington

Co., Pa.


[49] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt


[50] 89 During the Revolutionary War, paper currency known as ―Continentals‖ (Figure 0372) was issued by the Continental Congress. Some denominations indicate the value in ―Spanish Milled Dollars‖, while others just reference the ―dollar‖. The ―Continental‖ depreciated severely. By 1780, it was only valued at roughly 2.5 percent of its initial face value. Printing was discontinued in 1780


[51] In Searech of turkey foot Road, page 101.


[52] As the killing of these Indians occurred at Guadenhuetten, the middle village, upon what is now known as the Tuscarawas river, in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, before that time occupied by the Moravian Indians and their teachers, it is usually known as “the Gnadenhuetten affair.”


[53] Concerning the expedition to the “Moravian towns “—known in history as “Williamson’s expedition,” from Col. David Williamson, the one who com­manded it—and the investigation which followed, only a brief account in this connection can be given.

Early in 1782, war parties committed sundry depredations upon the border. The first was the killing of John Fink, a young man, near Buchanan fort. The particulars are as follow: “On the 8th of February, 1782, while Henry Fink and his son John were engaged in sledding rails on their farm in the Buchanan settlement, several guns were simultaneously discharged at them, and before John had time to reply to his father’s inquiry whether he was hurt, another gun was fired and he fell lifeless. Having unlinked the chain which fastened the horse to the sled, the old man galloped briskly away. He reached his home in safety, and immediately moved his family to the fort. “Witherss Border Warfare, pp. 232, 233.

The next maraud was the taking from their homes of Mrs. Robert Wallace and her three children on Raccoon creek, of which the following is an account:

“By a gentleman who lately arrived here [Philadelphiaj from the westward, we have the following information: that, about the 8th ult., a woman [Mrs. Robert Wallace] and four [three] children were taken prisoners by the indians, 25 miles west of Fort Pitt. Happily a heavy snow falling the same night prevented much more mischief, as there were upwards of forty indian tracks found in the snow next morning. [See, post, p. 318 and note thereto.] This naturally threw the people in the neighborhood into the greatest consterna­tion and will be a means of causing much distress, unless timely relieved. General irwin [Irvine] is now on his way to Pittsburgh; he will do every thing possible for the assistance of the distressed inhabitants. If the general has money to pay the militia, etc., there is no doubt he will find men enough to keep the indians at a distance, and to enable the farmers to put in their crops in due season.”— Pennsylrania Packet, March 30, 1782 (No. 865).

Both of these accounts are referred to in the follcwing: “I am told this day that the Indians have made sundry depredations on the frontiers of this country, during the last open spell of weather, on Raccoon creek and up the Monongahela, I think at a place called Buchanan. I fear this is the begin­ning of more than usual calamity.”— Thomas Scott to Pres’t Moore, from Washington county, February 20, 1782. (See, also, post, p. 239, note 4, third clause, where these depredations are referred to.) The next raid of the Indian warriors resulted in the capturing of John Carpenter, on Buffalo creek, particulars of which are hereafter given (see, p. 101; p. 239,note 4; p. 241, notes 3 and 4).

These marauds, coming so early in the year, took the borderers by surprise, causing, as we have seen, “the greatest c3nsternation,” as no visitations were expected before about the first of April. (Post, p. 341.) The belief was prevalent that “enemy Indians “ (that is, warriors —hostile savages) were upon the Tuscarawas (then called the Muskingum), occupying the previously deserted Moravian Indian towns. Thereupon, the lieutenant of Washington county ordered out a number of the militia against them. They assembled upon the bank of the Ohio, intending to cross over to the Mingo bottom on the west side of the river — a point some forty miles by land and seventy-five by water below Pittsburgh. The weather was very cold and stormy and the river high. This discouraged some and they turned back; others, however, succeeded in getting safely to the Indian side of the Ohio. The militia marched under command of Col. David Williamson, of the third battalion of his county. Upon reaching the Tuscarawas, a considerable number of Moravian Indians were found — men, women and children; all of whom were taken prisoners except two, who were killed as the town — Gnaden­huetten — was reached. Subsequently, the whole were put to death, two boys only escaping. It is said that, with the killed, were, also, some “enemy Indians.” Such, in a word, was the origin, progress and result of Williamson’s expedition. The first reference to it published, was the follow­ing: “Philadelphia, April 6. A very important advantage has lately been gained over our savage enemies on the frontiers of this state, by a party of the back county militia. We hope to give particulars in our next.’ ‘— Penn­sylvania Packet, April 9, 1782 (No. 868).

But how was it that these “Moravians” had returned to the Tuscarawas after the breaking up of the missionary establishments there, as already explained (ante, p. 60)? ‘The answer is this: Impelled by a scarcity of provisions, about 150 men, women and children, having received permission from the Wyandots upon the Sandusky, started for their old homes whei~e there was plenty of corn still standing left ungathered of the last year’s growth. Reach­ing the valley they p~mrsuecl their labors until captured, as just mentioned, by the Washington county militia under Col. Williamson.

Some time after the return of the militia, an inquiry into the “Gnaden­huetten affair “ was ordered by Pennsylvania and Virginia, at the request of congress ;— the steps taken and what the results were, are hereafter men­tioned. All accounts strictly contemporaneous that have been found. whether printed or in manuscript, in anywise relating to this expedition, are given in these pages. But, as a discussion of the events which transpired after the militia reached the valley of the Tuscarawas does not come within the scope proposed for this work, none will be entered upon. The following is the first account published of the expedition:

“In a late paper we gave an account that a woman and three children had been carried off by the savages from their habitation near Fort Pitt; and in our paper of the 9th [6th] inst. we mentioned an advantage being gained over those Indians. By a gentleman who arrived here on Saturday last from Washington county we have the following particulars: That on the 17th of Feb. last the wife and three children of one Robert Wallace, an inhabitant on Raccoon creek (during his abrence from home), were carried off by a party of Indians. Mr. Wallace, on his return home in the evening, finding his wife and children gone, his house broke up, the furniture destroyed, his cattle shot and laying dead about in the yard, immediately alarmed the neighbors, and a party was raised that night, who set out early the next morning; but unfor­tunately a snow fell, which prevented their following, and they were obliged to return. About this time, a certain John Carpenter was taken prisoner from the waters of Buffalo c~reek in said county, and another party had fired at a man, wlìoin they missed, and he escaped from them. These different parties of Indians, striking the settlements so early in the season, greatly alarmed the people, and but too plainly evinced their determination to harass the frontiers, and nothing could save them but a quick and spirited exertion. TI-icy therefore came to a determination to extirpate the aggressors and, if possible, to recover the people that had been carried off; and having received intelligence from a person who was t~tken prisoner last fall (but had made his escape and come home a few days before), that the Indian towns on the Muskingum had not moved as they had been told, a number of men properly provided, collected and rendezvoused on the Ohio, opposite the Mingo Bot­

torn, with a design to surprise the above towns. The weather was very cold and stormy, the river high and no boats or canoes to transport them across. These difficulties discouraged some, but 160 determined to persevere, and they swam the river, in doing of which some of their horses perished with the sever­ity of the cold. When they got over, officers were chosen, and they proceeded

• to the towns on the Muskingum, where the Indians had collected a large quan­tity of provisions to supply their war parties. They arrived at t-he town in the night, undiscovered, attacked the Indians in their cabins, and so completely surprised them that they killed and scalped upwards of ninety (but few mak­ing their escape), about forty of which were warriors, the rest old men, women and children. About eighty horses fell into their hands, which they loaded with the plunder, the greatest part furs and skins, and returned to the Ohio, without the loss of one man, and at the place where they chose their officers they held a vendue. And in order to prevent the inhabitants from bidding against the adventurers, they divided the spoil equally between officers and men, first reimbursing those who had lost their horses in swimming the river. [In the foregoing, “fall” should doubtless be “February.”]

“The person above mentioned to have escaped from the enemy says, that he was taken by six Indians, two of which called themselves Moravians, and spoke good Dutch, and were the most severe and ill-natured to him. He was taken to the above towns, and from thence four of the above Indians set out with him for St. Duskie. The second day of their march, in the morning, he

- was sent out for the horses when he left them, and, being a good woodsman, came off clear and got to Fort Pitt. [This was Carpenter: see p. 243, note.]

“While at Muskingum the two Moravian indians learnt him an Indian song, which they frequently made him sing, by way of insult, and afterward interpreted to him in obscene language; and he left them at Muskingum where they staid, in order to go out with the next party against our settle­ments.

“Our informant further says, that last Thursday two weeks, upwards of

300 men, properly equipped on horseback, set out for St. Duskie. It is hoped

they will succeed in their expedition. and hereby secure themselves from the

future encroaches of the savages.”—Pennsylvania Packet, April 16, 1782 (No. 872).

Washington-Irvine Correnspondence by Butterfield, pages 99-102.


[54]The borderers who committed “this last outrage “ were not the same or­ganized party that took part in the “Gnadenhuetten affair,” as the language of Irvine might be construed to mean. The killing was done on Smoky, or Killbuck’s Island, since gone. The following will be found of interest as relating to the transactions:

“And before this time a party had come from the Chartiers, a settlement south of the Monongahela, m the neighborhood of this town [Pittsburgh], and had attacked some friendly Indians on the island in the Ohio (Killbuck’s Island), under the protection of the garrison, and had killed several, and amongst them some that had been of essential service to the whites, in expeditions against Indian towns, and on scouting parties in case of attacks upon the settlements. One to whom the whites had given the name of Wilson (Captain Wilson) was much regretted by the garrison.” –Loudon’s Indian Wars, Vol. 1, pp. 54, 55.

The faithful services of the unfortunate Delaware captain just mentioned, had long be3en appreciated at Fort Pitt, as shown by the following certificate:

Fort Pitt, November 18, 1781.

“I certify that in consequence of the faithful service of Captainb Wilson (an Indian), as well as to encourage him to be active in future expeditions and detachments, I did, last spring, make him a present of a small black horse, belonging to the United States.

“Daniel Brodhead, Col. 1st P. Reg. “

(Washington-Irvine Correspondence, page 103.)


[55]The following communication from the non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the seventh Virginia regiment to General Irvine, written probably soon after his return to Fort Pitt, clearly sets forth their grievances:


[56] ‘John Killbuck, Jr., an hereditary chief of the Delawares, son of John Killbuck and grandson of King Newcomer, was born in 1737, near the Lehigh Water-Gap, in Northampton county, Pennsylvania. Early in the revolution he was at the head of the council of his nation, upon the Tuscarawas and Muskingum, in what is now the eastern part of Ohio. He remained true to the United States after a large part of the Delawares went over to the British Indians, potting himself and a small number of followers under the protection of the commander at Fort Pitt, where he was at the date of the above letter. Some years afterward he joined the Moravian Indians, being named, at baptism, William Henry. Subsequent to the victory of Wayne over the allied nations, he was urged by his tribe, which had become reconciled to him, to resume his office of chief, but this he declined. He died in 1811, in Goshen, Tuscarawas county, Ohio.

“Died, at his residence near Connellsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on Thursday, 21st ult., Major Uriah Springer in the 73d year of his age. His father’s family was amongst the first settlers west of the Alleghany mountains before the revolutionary war. Uriah, at the age of nineteen, was commissioned by Lord Dunmore, then governor of Virginia, an ensign in a company of rangers organized for the protection of this frontier, and was the first officer that commanded the stockade at this place [Brownsville] in 1774,


[57] General Irvine’s instrnctions to Captain Springer were as follow: “FORT PITT, April 12, 1782.

“Sir:— The nature of the service you go on is such that confining you by particular instructions might defeat the purpose intended.

“In general, however, I wish you to consider yonr command (on account of the smallness of your number) more in the light of an reconnoitering party than èalculated for offensive operations against the enemy. You will, therefore, proceed with great caution; your route first, for thirty or forty miles, inclining up the Alleghany river. Should you not discover any traces of an enemy on that route, you will proceed toward Sandosky, where you will use every prudent means in your power to gain intellegence of the strength and intentions of the enemy; whether any white men are among them; and whether they are regular British troops or refugees, or as they call themselves “rangers;“ who now commands at Detroit; what the strength of the garrison , or whether they have received, this spring, reenforcements of men, provisions, etc. The best mode, I think, of obtaining this end would, if practicable, be by capturing one or more white men.

“If you shonld discover such symptoms of bodies of the enemy being on their march, so large as to endanger any of our posts, or the settlements on the frontier of’ this country, you will either retnrn or send me notice by one of your party o hum yon can confide in, as in your judgment the case may merit. Should you meet a smaller party than your own, I make no doubt you will give a good account of them, provided you can effect it without risk of frustrating your principal object. Given under my hand at Fort Pitt, this

12th day of April, 1782. “Wir. IRVINE, B. Gen’l.

“Captain URIAH SPRINGER.”


[58] “A board of officers will assemble immediately at Colonel Gibson’5 quarters to inquire into and report their opinion to the general whether John Eels, an Indian, is guilty of an intention of making his escape to and joining the enemy and of his trying to prevail on others to do the same; and also to give their opinion in case he did go, whether it was or not evidently his intention to discover to the enemy the design of the party under Captain Springer, of which he was to have been one. Colonel Gibson [is to be president; Lieutenant-Colonels Wuibert and [Stephen] Bayard, Major {Isaacj Craig and Captain [John] Clark, members. If the board is of opinion John Eels is guilty, they will please to mention in their report what punishment should be inflicted.”


[59] (Ante, p. 109.) Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield, 1882.


[60] Encylopedia of British, Provincial, and German Army Units 1775-1783 by Philip R. N. Katcher


[61] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[62] (National Archives Record Group No. 49, v. 14, p. 153) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html




[63] On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[64] Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett p. 910.12


[65] God in America, How Religious Liberty Shaped America, PBS.


[66] http://www.mobile96.com/cw1/Vicksburg/TFA/24Iowa-1.html


[67] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary


[68] http://freepages.books.rootsweb.com/~cooverfamily/album_78.html


[69] Descendents of Elias Gotleben, Email from Alice, May 2010.


[70] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 377.


[71]Hitler and the Occult, HISTI 10/24/2000


[72] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler


[73] Winton Goodlove papers.


[74] Sources: Assorted notes of Edna B Owsley (Heaton's daughter), The Stormy Years (autobiography of Carter Harrison Jr.), and Ronnie Bodine (President of Owsley Historical Society), The Owsley's an Illinois Family a Birthday Book.

Submitted by Milancie Adams. Visit her website Keeping the Chain Unbroken: Owsley and Hill Family History Website for additional info on this family. Note - be sure to go to her home page and follow some of the other Harrison links in her family as well.




[75] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history


[76] Comets: Prophets of Doom, H2, 3/13/2006


[77] Comets: Prophets of Doom, H2, 3/13/2006


[78] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page . 204-206.


[79] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 206-207.


[80] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 203-204.


[81] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1770.


[82] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1769


[83] Nazi Collaborators, MIL, Hitlers’ Executioner, 11/8/2011.


1. [84] ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html.

2. ^ a b c Alice Sinkevitch, et al. AIA Guide to Chicago. American Institute of Architects. 2004. 248.

3. ^ Jacque E. Day and Jamie Wirsbinski Santoro. West Ridge. Arcadia. 2008. 7.

4. ^ Indian Boundary Park & Cultural Center. Chicago Park District. Retrieved on December 15, 2009.

5. ^ National Register of Historic Places in Cook County, Illinois. NRHP. Retrieved on December 15, 2009.

6. ^ Indian Boundary Park Fieldhouse. City of Chicago. Retrieved on December 15, 2009.l


[85] Deep Ancestry, Inside the Genographic Project by Spencer Wells, page 5


[86] http://lacrossetribune.com/news/article_0d5da1b3-8188-5bf6-b3ab-77fca7d970e8.html

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