https://www.facebook.com/ThisDayInGoodloveHistory
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Jeff-Goodlove/323484214349385
Join me on http://www.linkedin.com/
Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.
Martin Bacon (3rd great granduncle)
George W. Crawford (Father in law of the 4th cousin 5x removed)
Thomas W. Crawford (3rd cousin 4x removed)
James Dawson (half first cousin 5x removed)
James E. Hannah (2nd cousin 3x removed)
Anne Harrison (2nd cousin 3x removed)
James Martin (3rd cousin 6x removed)
Bessie M. O'Neal Godsell (wife of the 2nd great grandnephew of the wife of the 3rd great granduncle)
January 25, 41 A.D.: Claudius, (41-54 A.D. an uncle of Caligula and adopted son of Tiberius, became emperor, installed more or less by those who had murdered Caligula. [1] Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate. “Claudius rescinded Caligula’s provocative decrees affecting Judean and reaffirmed Jewish rights throughout the rest of the Roman world.” Claudius supported the cause of the Jews when they were ( in separate incidents by the Greeks of Alexandria and the Samaritans. He maintained a life-long friendship with the Agrippa the last Jewish king in Eretz Israel.[2] His reign was comparatively long and stable compared to that of Caligula, but he did order all Jews to leave the city of Rome in response to growing unrest and messianic fervor among various Jewish groups. Claudius’s forth wife, Agrippina, murdered him by poisoning in order to put her son Nero, whom Claudius had adopted, into power. [3]
Late 41: Matthias, son of Ananus, becomes high priest.[4]
41-43 CE: Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus High Priest of Israel, 41-43 (Sadducee) under Herodians and Romans.[5].
41-54 CE: Claudius emperor; expels the Jews from Rome.[6]
43 CE: Matthias ben Ananus High Priest of Israel, 43 CE under Herodians and Romans.[7].
43-44 CE: Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras 43-44 (Sadducee) under Herodians and Romans.[8].
slide12[9]
Haplotype Migration 2000 years ago. Goodlove’s are J1.
1st Century A.D.: The name of Crawford was created in Scotland sometime during the first century, A.D., when the Roman Conquest was in full swing. The place is known to be along the River Clyde, but more research is necessary in order to pin point the exact spot….[10]
The Crow Tribe rallied and fought under a Crow totem for such they are named. In consideration of the Crow, this noted tribe produced family names as: Crowfoot, Crawfoot, Crawford, Crowford, Crafford, Crauford, etc… The ‘ford’… represents the ford or crossing at the River Clyde, whee some of bloodiest battles were maneuvered.[11]
This record is from the pen of Tighernac, the Irish Annalist, who died in the year of our Lord 1088. Tighernac, it will be remembered, was contemporary with Duncan, MacBeth and Malcolm Canmore. He traces the genealogy of the Clan Fingon as follows:–
Niall mac. Niall, son of Gillabrighde mhic Gillebride, son of Eogain mhic Ewen, son of Gillabride mhic Gillebride, son of Sean Eogain mhic Old Ewen, son of Finlaeic mhic Finleach, son of Finagainne o fuiled, clan Fingaine mhic Fingaine, from whom the, Clan MacKinnon son of Cormac mhic Cormac, son of Murchertaigh mhic Muirchertach, son of Fearchair oig mhic Ferchar, the young son of Mic Beathaidh mhic Macbeth, son of Finlaeic mhic Finnlaech, son of Fearchar fada mhic Ferchar, the tall son of Fearadaig mhic Feradach, son of Fergusa Fergus II.[12]
44 A.D.: Herod Agrippa imprisons Peter in Jerusalem.[13]
Around 44 A.D.: The Church in Antioch. God rescued Peter from prison around 44 A.D.Acts 11:19-12:25.[14]
44 CE: Elionaeus, son of Simon Cantheras, becomes High Priest.[15]
44 CE: Jonathan ben Ananus 44 High Priest of Israel (restored) under Herodians and Romans.[16].
44 CE: When the whole of Palestine became a province on Agrippa I’s death in 44, the power to appoint the High Priest presumably reverted to the procurator (who however made no appointment until 46.)[17]
44 CE: In 44 AD the man who condemned Jesus at birth and the one who condemned him to death, both lived in the palace at Caesarea. The Governor of Caesarea, residing in Herod’s former home was none other than Pontias Pilate. Pontias Pilate dedicated a temple in honor of the Emperor, Tiberius, who was also the emperor who under whom Pontias Pilate crucified Christ. [18]
44-46 CE: Josephus ben Camydus High Priest of Israel 44-46 CE, under Herodians and Romans.[19].
Between 44 and 46 A.D.: James was written between 44 and 46 A.D. to Jewish believers who were struggling with trials, prejudice and suffering. James 1:1-3:18.[20]
Between 44 and 66 A.D.: Rome appears on the scene in Galilee, but not before.[21]
Before Paul began his mission to the Gentiles, it was possible that Jesus’ followers might eventually return to the greater Jewish community. They continued to worship God in the Temple and obeyed the Jewish law and scriptures along with Jesus’ teachings.[22]
45-49 CE: Paul’s first missions. [23]
In his letters Paul explained that Jesus had come to replace Jewish law as the way to God. Salvation, he taught, came through faith in Jesus rather than in obedience to the law. All people, not just the Jews, could therefore be freed from their sin, and it became Paul’s mission to spread this “good news” to the Gentile world.[24]
Paul taught that anyone, regardless of racial or cultural background, gender, or social position, who accepted Jesus would in turn be chosen by God This was a significant break from Judaism, which taught that Jews were God’s people and had been chosen for greatness as long as they kept the law. [25]
Mainstream Judaism also could not accept the idea of Jesus as divine, this was inherently offensive to a religion based on the belief in one God. Most Jews did not convert, and some actively persecuted the Christians.[26]
It is probably around this time that a split occurred between Jews who believed that Jesus was the messiah and Jews who did not. Also Christians began to distance themselves from the Jews. Messianic Jews were the minority, and not welcomed by Jews, or Christians. Leora is a Rabbi of Messianic Judaism who is a Jew who believes that Yeshua is the Messiah. She is 33.
46 CE: In 46 Herod of Chalcis obtained the right of appointment together with general responsibility for the Temple from Claudius. [27]
46 CE: Joseph son of Cami (Camithus) becomes high priest. The family of Camithus provided two or three High Priests: Simon son of Camithus under Gratus and Joseph son of ‘Cami’ in 46 (possibly brothers) and perhaps Joseph Cabi c. 61.[28]
46-48 A.D.: During his procuratorship of Judea from 46 to 48 A.D., the wholly Romanized Tiberius Julius Alexander, nephew of the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandrea, tried and sentenced to crucifision two of Judas the Galileans sons, Jacob and Simon.[29]
46-52 CE: Ananias ben Nebedeus High Priest of Israel 46-52 under Herodians and Romans.[30].
47-59 CE: Ananias, son of Nebedaeus, becomes high priest for twelve years. [31]
48 CE: After the death of Herod of Chalcis the right of appointment of the High Priest went to Agrippa II. (Even though no appointment was made until c59. [32]
49 A.D. The Struggle against the Empire was nevertheless not just a family business, but a full scale Galilean activity in the firsat century AD. Those pilgrims whose blood Pontius Pilate mingled with their sacrifices must have bgeen Galilean revolutionaries, and it was agin a group of Galileans who, in AD 49, urged the Jewish masses in Jerusalem to resort to arms, assert their liberty, and reject the intolerable slavery imposed on them by Rome.[33]
49-52 A.D.: Paul’s missions to Galatia, Macedonia, Athens, Corinth.[34]
Possibly before 50 A.D.
Fragments from rabbinic literature, aon the other hadn, point toweareds a sporadic Pharisee presence in Galilee and an absence of impact during the first century A.D. Yohanan ben Zakkai, the leader of Jewish restoration after the destruction of Jerusalem, spent some time in the toawn of Arab, possibly begfore 50 A.D.; two of his legal ruling concerning the observance of the Sabbath were enacted there. [35]
50 A.D.
The Council at Jerusalem. Paul’s mission to the Gentiles was approved by the apostles and elders at the Jerusalem Council in 50 A.D. This led to Paul’s second missionary journey through Asia Minor to Macedonia and Achaia. Acts15:1-16:40.[36]
50 A.D.
Paul gives thanks for the Thessalonian’ faith. Paul wrote his first letter to the young church at Thessalonica around 50 A.D. In this letter, Paul commended the Thessalonian believers for enduring persecution. He also addressed a misunderstanding they had about the return of Christ. 1 Thessalonians 1:1-2:16.[37]
A few months later (50-51 A.D.), Paul wrote his second letter to the Thessalonian church. Here he addressed another misunderstanding concerning the Lord’s return. 2 Thessalonians 1:1-12.[38]
50 A.D.: Matthew. Prophet: The gospel of Mathew is written to the Jews. Attributed to a tax collector who was one of Jesus’ 12 apostles, it uses many scripture references to prove that Jesus is the Messiah. [39]
50 CE: Jew’s ordered by Roman Emperor Claudius to “not hold meetings”
in the words of Cassius Dio, (Roman History, 60.6.6) Claudius later expelled Jews from Rome, according to both Suetonius (“Lives of the Twelve Caesars”, Claudius Section 25.4) and Acts 18:2.[40]
50 A.D. Volcano, Ambrym
New Hebrides Arc
VEI=6
50 AD[41]
50 to 60 C.E.
The Lost Gospel of Q. The sayings source “Q” is compiled.[42] Over more than a century, scholars have reconstructed a hypothetical text based on a comparison of what is in the synoptic gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke. Mathew and Luke both draw extensively from Mark in their accounts, as well as from some other source that scholars call the “Q” gospel, from the German word Quelle, meaning “source.” No record of this text has ever been found.[43] Mark’s Gospel, which as the earliest is usually regarded as the most reliable, presents Jesus as perfectly normal man, with a family that included brothers and sisters. No angels announced his birth or sang over his crib. This book, which focuses on the miracles and actions of Jesus’ life, is written for a non-Jewish (or Gentile) audience.[44]
51-66 A.D.: Paul’s Letters. [45] Paul writes his epistles 51-64 CE.[46]
52-56 CE: Jonathan High Priest of Israel 52-56 under Herodians and Romans.[47] . In 52 Jonathon headed a group of Jewish notables (including Ananias, son of Nebedaeus, the High Priest in office) sent to Rome under arrest by Quadratus, legate of Syria, to sort out before Claudius a quarrel involving the Jews, the Samaritans, and the procurator Cumanus.[48]
Then, while in Rome, he was instrumental in getting Felix, the brother of the freedman Pallas, appointed procurator of Judaea. It is at first sight odd that he should have requested this appointment, since in the hearing of the Jews and Samaritans, Claudius’ freedmen, Passas possibly among them, had opposed the Jews; but Jonathan had evidently had some opportunity of forming a favorable impression of Felix, probably while he had recently been holding a post in the East.[49]
The High Priests, ‘collaborators’ by virtue of their position, were natural targets for the hatred of the extremists. Jonathan was killed simply for his Roman sympathies. In either case, his attempt to keep Jews and Romans on good terms had failed.[50]
From 53 and 57 A.D.
Paul begins his return to Jerusalem. Paul returned to Antioch and then embarked on his third missionary journey, which began in 53 A.D. and ended in 57 A.D. Acts 18:18-19:41.[51]
54 A.D. to 66 A.D.
Lake Tiberias came under the jurisdiction of Agrippa II between 54 A.D. and 66 A.D.[52]
54-68 A.D.
Nero emperor.[53] Agrippina tightly controlled Nero (A.D. 54.68) until he finally had her clubbed to death at the urging of his mistress Poppaea, who began to rule behind the scenes.[54]
55: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Emperorship, dies under mysterious circumstances in Rome clearing the way for Nero to become Emperor Would things have been better or worse if Britannicus had ruled instead of Nero? Nobody can say for sure since there is no record of his views on the Jewish people, Judea or Jerusalem. . Nero’s record regarding the Jews is a mixed bag (at least he did blame them for burning down Rome), he did appoint four inept governors to rule over Judea and appointed Vespasian to put down the Jewish Revolt when it began in 66. Given the rest of Nero’s behavior, the world (including the Jewish world) would have been better off with Britannicus.[55]
55 and 56 A.D.
Toward the end of his stay in Ephesus (55-56 A.D.), Paul wrote the letter now known as 1 Corinthians to the Corinthian church. However, this was not Paul’s first letter to the Corinthian church. (5:9) In the course of history the first letter was lost, so his next letter to the Corinthians became known as Corinthians. 1 Corinthians 1:1-4:21.[56]
56-57 A.D.
Opposition from certain “apostles” at Corinth forced Paul to make a “painful visit” (2:1)., during which he was verbally abused. He then sent a “severe letter” demanding that his opponents be disciplined (2:3-9;8:8-12). Sometime later, Titus came to Paul in Macedonia with news that his opponent had repented but that the church had been hurt when Paul visited them. T respond to this and to further the collection for the poor in Jerusalem, Paul penned another letter between 56 and 57 A.D., which is now known as 2 Corinthians. 2 Corintians 1:1-2:4.[57]
56-57 A.D.
During Paul’s three month stay in Greece in 56 and 57 A.D. (Acts 20:2-3), he wrote his letter to the Roman believers. In this letter, he thoroughly explained God’s plan of salvation and how salvation should affect the lives of believers. Romans 1:1-32[58]
56 A.D.
Paul began his return trip to Jerusalem near the ened of his third missionary journey, around 56 A.D. Acts 20:7-38.[59]
56-62 CE: Ishmael ben Fabus High Priest of Israel 56-62 (restored?) under Herodians and Romans.[60]
57-58 A.D.: Paul writes letters to Corinthians, Galatians, Romans.[61]
58 A.D.
There is little doubt that the apostle Paul was accepted into the inner circles of Jesus’ original followers. Indeed, in the year A.D. 58 he was arrested and brought before the Jewish High Prtiest Ananias, accused of being “ a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes” (Acts 24:5). According to Paul’s report, and also that of Luke, James the Just, Peter, and John, the three “pillars” of the church, gave him the “right hand of fellowship” and publicly endorsed his missionary preachiong to the Gentile Roman world (Galatians 2:9.) It was what he preached and taught that began to create problems.[62]
58 A.D.
The book of Acts records a subsequent visit of Paul to Jerusalem in 58 A.D. when the issue was raised directly. Paul appeared before James, who was still clearly in charge, as well as the “elders” of the community. They confronted him with a report they had received that he was teaching “the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children or observe the tradition of Judaism” (Acts 21:21).
“To the Jews I became as a Jew, in order to win Jews; to those uneder the Torah, I became as one under the
Torah, though not actually being under the Torah, that I might win those under the Torah; to those outside the Torah, I became as one outside the Torah, not bgeing without law, but under the Torah of Christ, that I might win those outside the Torah.”, (1 Corinthians 9:20-21)[63]
Acts ends Paul’s story abruptly in 58 A.D. and Luke wants to project a picture of reconciliation and harmony in his final scene between James and Paul.[64]
c. 59 CE: By this time the country was rapidly drifting into anarchy, but the High Priests apparently made no effort to use their authority in the interests of order. Rather the reverse. Shortly before the end of Felix’s procuratorship c. 59 a feud (for which Josephus gives no reason) broke out between the High Priestly families and the secular leaders, in which the rival parties collected gangs of ruffians and revolutionaries, who first abused and then stoned each other. [65]
c. 59-61: Ishmael son of Phiabi (or Phabi), Gratus’ first appointment becomes high priest. This may be the grandson of a man by the same name. During the High Priesthood of Ishmael (c. 59-61) Agrippa II had a room built on to his residence in Jerusalem, the Hasmonaean palace to the west of the Temple, from which he could watch the priests at their duties. The Jewish authorities, no doubt led by Ishmael, replied by building a wall on the west side of the inner court of the Temple to block his view. It incidentally also blocked the view from the western colonnade round the Temple enclosure, where Roman troops mounted guard during festivals. When Agrippa and the procurator Festus therefore jointly ordered its demolition, the Jews asked for the matter to be referred to Rome. Rather than force the issue Festus granted permission, and Ishmael and the Temple treasurer led a delegation to Nero, who, surprisingly, decided against Agrippa and the procurator and allowed the wall to stand. But he detained Ishmael and the treasurer in Rome when the others returned, and thus enabled Agrippa to appoint a more amenable High Priest without having to risk antagonizing the Jews by deposing the man whose defense of the sanctity of the Temple will surely have been well received.[66]
60 A.D.
During his Roman imprisonment, Paul wrote his letter to the Ephesian believers (60 A.D.). Ephesians 1:1-3:21.[67]
60 A.D.
Around the time Paul wrote Ephesians (60 A.D.), he also wrote to the believers at Colosse concerning a heretical movement that combined Greek philosophy with Jewish legalism. Colossians 1:1-4:18.[68]
60 A.D.
Paul sent a letter to Philemon along with his letter to the Colossian church (60 A.D.). In the letter to Philemon, Paul asked Philemon to forgive and reinstate his runaway slave, Onesimus.Philemon 1:1-25. [69]
Abt 60 A.D. John writes “Revelations”. John had been banished to a small island off the coast of Turkey by the Romans. Nero was emperor. The Gospel of John is attributed to another of the apostles and contains more of Jesus’ teachings than the other gospels. [70]
60 A.D. Volcano, Mount Churchill
eastern Alaska, USA
VEI=6
60 AD
[71]
Early 60’s: Luke’s Letters. The author of the longest gospel, Luke, was an educated Greek doctor who served as a missionary. Luke also wrote the Acts of the Apostles, which provides an account of the early Christian Church. [72]
60-61: Boudica
Boudica
Queen Boudica by John Opie.jpg
Queen Boudica in John Opie's painting "Boadicea Haranguing the Britons"
Died
circa AD 60 or 61, Britannia
Other names
Boudicca, Boadicea, Buddug
Occupation
Queen of the Iceni
Spouse(s)
Prasutagus
Boudica (/ˈbuːdɨkə/; alternative spelling: Boudicca), also known as Boadicea /boʊdɨˈsiːə/ and known in Welsh as Buddug [ˈbɨ̞ðɨ̞ɡ][1] (d. AD 60 or 61) was queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.
Boudica's husband Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni tribe, who had ruled as a nominally independent ally of Rome, left his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman Emperor in his will; however, when he died, his will was ignored —the kingdom was annexed as if conquered, Boudica was flogged, her daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans.
c.60-92 C.E. Thomas. Unlike the four canonical gospels, which combine stories with sayings, Thomas is a collection of 114 sayings attributed to Jesus (including brief dialogues), supposedly transcribed by Didymus Judas Thomas, one of the Twelve. Some of the sayings contradict those found in the canonical gospels.[73]
c. 61 CE: Joseph Cabi son of Simon (either Cantheras or Simon son of Camithus.) is High Priest.[74]
61 A.D.: Paul wrote his letter to the Phiippians believers in 61 A.D., during his Roman imprisonment. In his letter he thanked the Philippians for the gifts they had sent him. He also encouraged the Philippians to remain strong in their faith. Philippians 1:1-2:30.[75]
It is surely an irony of history that the high priest Annas, son of the Annas who had presided at the trial of Jesus, was behind the murder of James, also at the season of Passover in the year 62 A.D.[76]
61-63 A.D.: Paul in Rome, under military guard, writes letters to Colossians, Ephesians and Philippians. [77]
62 CE: Jesus, son of Damnaeus, is high priest.[78]
62 A.D.: James was stoned to death in 62 A.D., an execution ordered by the High Priest in Jerusalem worried about the growing power of his movement. [79]
Following the death of James in 62 A.D., Eusebius reported that the remaining apostles gathered with those left of the family of the Lortd and they took counsel together as to who would succeed James. He wrote that “they all unanimously decided that Simeon the son of Clophas, was worthy of the throne.” Eusebius noted that this Clophas, mentioned in the gospel of John, was the brother of Joseph, huband of Mary,a dn thus also of Davidic lineage. There is good evidence that Clophas, legally the uncle of Jesus, was the second husband of Mary his mother, based on Levitate law.[80]
The cause of the upcoming war were of course complex but Josephus, having lived through it all, drew a most startling conclusion when he wrote:
But what more than all else incited them to the war was an ambiguous oracle, likewise found in their sacred scriptures, to the effect that at that time one from their country would become ruler of trhe world. This theyu understood to mean someone of their own race, and many of their wise men went astray in their interpretation of it. The oracle, however, in reality signified the sovereingnty of Vespasian, who was proclaimed Emperor on Jewish soil.
What Josephus asserts here is that the chief cause of the war was a religious one involving the expectation of the coming of the Jewish Davidic Messiah. According to Josephus it was a messianic fervor that fueled the fires of revolt. The population was convinced that God would intervene and not only rout the Romans from
Palestine, but, as the Hebrew Prophets had predicted, establish his chosen King as ruler over all nations. The specific “oracle”Josephus had in mind was evidently the “Seventy Weeks” prophecy of the book of Daniel that had market out a final apocalyptic period of 490 years that included the coming of an “anointed prince” or Messiah figure (Daniel 9:25). But ion retyrospect, after the disaster of the war and the destruction of the city of Jerusalem, Josephus charged that his pious countrymen had misread or overlooked a key portion of Daniel’s prophecy, namely its surprising conclusion:
After the sixty-two weeks (i.e., 483 years) and anointed one shall be cut off and shall have nothing, and the troops of the price who is to come shall destroy the city and sanctuary. (Daniel 9:26).
The “world ruler” who comes is none other than the emperor Vespacian, who does indeed “destroy the cvity and the sanctuary”, not the awaited Jewish Messiah. So who then would be the “anointed one” or “messiah” who is “cut off”? Josephus says nothing about that but the followers of Jesus had read Daniel’s prophecy in a similar way, even before the disaster of the Roman war. Their interpretation was likely spurred by the tragic and unexpected murder of their leader James the Just in 62 A.D.
James, descended from the royal line of David, and thus aptly called a “messiah” or “anointed one”, had indeed been killed precisely seven years before the Romans laid siege to the city of Jerusalem in the summer of 69 A.D.. That was seven years short of the completion of the 490 year period, precisely as Daniel had predicted. The “end of the age” could not be long following.[81]
Summer 62: For three months Ananus, son of Ananus is high priest. The inhabitants of the city had occasion to petition a procurator directly when they were opposed to an actg by one their leaders, as was the case in 62, when some protested to Lucceius Albinus about Ananus’ convening of a Sanhedrin to execute James. [82]
During the interregnum between the death of Festus in office and the arrival of his successor, Lucceius Albinus, Ananus took advantage of the temporary freedom from Roman supervision to conduct a trial on his own suthority, and, as a Sadducee, to apply the rigorous Sadducean interpretation of the Jewish penal code.; He arraigned St. James the brother of Christ and some other people (presumably also Christians) before a panel of judges drawn from the Sanhedrin on charges of breaking the Law and executed them. [83]
In doing so he acted ‘ultra vires’ and this alarmed some of the more moderate Jews and ‘men learned in the Law’ (i.e.) Pharisees) so much that they sent secretly to Agrippa complaining of the illegality and asking him to instruct Ananus to conduct no further such trials, and even went to meet Albinus on his journey7 with the information that Ananus had exceeded his powers. In response Albinus administrered a severe reprimand, and agrippa deposed Ananus after a tenure of only three months.[84]
Ananus’ offence was a serious one. His usurpation of the High Priest’s former powers of independent jurisdiction, even if aimed at defending the Law against heretics and inspired by the long standing antagonism between the Pharisees and the Sadducees, was an act of gratuitious defiance of Rome in that it involved overstepping the constitutional rights granted by Rome to the provincial authorities on annexation. Retribution, possibly in the form of a further reduction in the Sanhedrin’s judicial powers, was likely to follow such a short-sighted and impetuous action. It was to forestall this that the delegations were sent to Agrippa and Albinus to dissociate the Pharisees and the philo-Roman party from Ananu’s action. And it was no doubt in order to avoid trouble from the extremist party of brigands and the like, who will have welcomed Ananus’ defiance of Rome, that the delegations were sent in secret.[85]
62-63 CE: Joseph Cabi ben Simon High Priest of Israel 62-63 under Herodians and Romans.[86]
62 and 63 A.D.: Paul wrote his first letter to Timothy from Macedonia between 62 and 63 A.D. In this letter, he he admonished Timothy to refute the heresy being taught in the Ephesian church and to oversee the church’s growth.[87]
62 and 63 A.D.: Around the time Timothy was battling heresy in the Ephesian church, Titus was having considerable difficulty with a similar heretical movement in Crete. Paul wrote his letter to Tiotus between 62 and 63 A.D. to encourage Titus to deal with the heresy in the Cretan church. Titus 1:1-3:15.[88]
62-64 CE: Also during Albinus procuratorship (62-64), the ex-High Priest Ananias was the ringleader in a campaign of oppression and injustice directed against a section of his own people who, unlike the Christians, were apparently innocent of any offence in Jewish eyes.[89]
Ananias was a wealthy man, and he bribed Albinus and the current High Priest (Ananus’ successor, Jesus son of Damnaeus) to turn a blind eye while his servants, reinforced by a band of hooligans, attacked the lesser priests, depriving them of the tithes due to them and thus reducing them to extreme poverty. Some even died of starvation, according to Josephus. [90]
Further violence occurred when Agrippa replaced Jesus son of Damnaeus by Jesus son of Gamaliel as High Priest. The jealousy of the dispossessed prelate led to open hostility between the two men, and if there was any truth in the allegation that the fiancee of Jesus son of Gamaliel had secured his appointment by a bribe, this may have aggravated the situation. Once again factions of ruffians were collected, and the rival groups proceeded from verbal abuse to physical assault. In this undignified business the sinister influence of Ananias’ wealth was again at work, winning adherents to the side which he favoured.[91]
Dissension of this kind within the ranks of the aristocracy added to the widespread unrest of the country. More far reaching in its evil effects was another scandal in which Ananias took a hand. The sicarii kidnapped the secretary of the captain of the Temple, who was Ananias’ son Eleazar, and used Ananias as an intermediary to persuade Albinus (by further bribery?) to ransom him by the release of ten of their number from prison. Having succeeded once with these tactics, they repeated them by kidnapping some of Ananias’ servants, who were similarly exchanged for other imprisoned sicarii, so that much of the recent work of the procurators to curb lawlessness and brigandage was undone.[92]
Although Josephus says that Ananias acted under compulsion from the sicarii, collusion between the two sides seems obvious. Ananias appears, in fact, to have been playing a double game at this time: on the surface he, like most members of his class, remained on good terms with the Romans, and under a weak and venal procurator his money was useful for this purpose; but he secretly sympathized with the anti-Roman elements, and he used his influence over Albinus to further their cause. [93]
That such a situation as this could develop is a testimony to the incompetence and corruption of the Roman administration, which was helpless to deal with it; but at the same time it says little for the High Priests’ conception of the dignity of their position as spiritual and political leaders. These contributions which they made to the growing turbulance of the 60’s, even though not all deliberately directed against Rome, were indirect attacks on Rome inasmuch as they militated against the pax Romana, while they ran counter also to the best interests of their own people. [94]
The Babylonian Talmud preserves a complaint about the conduct of the High Priestly families of the first century A.D.:
First Century A.D.: “Woe is me because of the house of Boethus; woe is me because of their staves! Woe is me because of the house of Hanin (Ananus); woe is me because of their whisperings! Woe is me because of the house of Kathros (Cantheras); woe is me because of their pens! Woe is me because of the house of Ishmael the son of Phabi; woe is me because of their fists! For they are High Priests and their sons are Temple treasurers and their sons-in-law are trustees, and their servants beat the people with staves.”[95]
During the greater part of the period before the war the High Priests were, as far as the evidence shows, on reasonably good terms with Rome. In the circumstances this was virtually inevitable, since only men believed to be loyal and sympathetic to Rome were appointed, and since their position depended on their retention of Roman favour. But they, and other law-abinding and apparently loyal Jews, were philo-Roman only in the sense that they recognized the power of Rome and the consequent futility of opposing it, and in this their attitude was a more realistic one than that of the actively hostile nationalist party. In their hears they probably had little genuine love for Roman domination as such, and the cases just studied show some of them towards the end of the period, when patience on both sides was wearing thin, acting against Rome, either openly or covertly, either during or after their terms of office.[96]
Ananus ben Ananus High Priest of Israel 63 under Herodians and Romans.[97]
Joshua ben Damneus High Priest of Israel 63 under Herodians and Romans.[98]
Joshua ben Gamaliel High Priest of Israel 63-64 under Herodians and Romans.[99] His wife Martha belonged to family of Boethus (Sadducee). Jesus son of Gamaliel (in-law of the Boethus family) is high priest for a year or two. He was connected with this family through his wife ‘Martha daughter of Boethus’.[100]
64 AD: Josephus visited Rome as a member of the Jewish embassy. [101]
Josephus studied under masters of each of the Major Jewish sects, the Sadducees, Pharisees and Essenes, before finally deciding to become a Pharisee. This was almost the same thing, he assures his Roman readers, as becoming a Stoic (Stoicism was a respected and popular philosophy in Rome at that time).[102]
64 A.D.: In 64 A.D., Peter wrote his first letter to remind the churches in northeast Asia Minor of the blessings of their salvation and to encourage them to persevere through their persecution. 1 Peter 1:1-2:12.[103]
64 A.D.
When fire broke out in Rome in 64 A.D., destroying three quar4ters of the city, Nero blamed the Christians and had many of them in Rome arrested and killed. Tacitus, the Roman historian, offers us the gruesome details. Those captured were torn to death by dogs, crucified, and set on fire on the grounds of the imperial palace while Nero invited the populace for the display and rode around in his chariot.[104]
An emerging cult calling themselves Christians is the perfect target. The leader of the Christians, Peter, is an outlaw. To be a Christian at that time meant you were a traitor. It is a crime. Those rounded up included Peter, their 64 year old leader, the first disciple of Jesus Christ. According to legend, Peter asked to be crucified upside down. He felt he wasn’t worthy to die like his savior. Peter was supposedly buried in a shallow grave on Vatican hill. Over the centuries that grave was lost. [105]
64 and 65 A.D.: Between 64 and 65 A.D. some churches were being overrun by a false teaching that denied the return of Christ. Jude wrote to counter these teachinbs and to encourage the believers to persevere in their faith. Jude 1:1-16. [106]
January 25, 749: Birthdate Leo IV (the Khazar). He was Byzantine emperor from 775 through 780. He was known as “the Khazar” because his mother was a Khazar Princess. If the Khazars were Jewish, does this mean that at least one Byzantine emperor was Jewish?[107]
http://www.levity.com/alchemy/images/map12.jpg
The Islamic Empire At Its Greatest Extent 750 c[109]
750:
Battle of Zab. Fall of Damascus. End of the Umayyads.[110]
750 to 800 A.D.:
[111]
[112]
751 C.E. The Arabs clash with the Chinese in the battle of Talas in 751 CE.[113]
751:
Conquest of Wasit by the Abbasid. Murder of the Minister Abu Salama.[114]
754:
Death of As Saffah. Accession of Mansur as the Caliph. [115]
755:
Revolt of Abdullah b Ali. Murder of Abu Muslim. Sunbadh revolt in Khurasan. [116]
756:
Abdul Rahman founds the Umayyad state in Spain. [117]
757 - King Offa ( 757 - 796 ). Offa seizes the Kingdom Mercia after the murder of his cousin King OffaAethelbald.[118]
Name: King Offa
Born: c.730
Parents: Thingfrith (Father)
House of: Mercia
Became King: 757
Married: Cynethryth
Children: Aelfflaed, Ecgfrith, Eadburh
Died: July 29, 796
Offa (son of Thingfrith, son of Eanulf), King of Mercia, was one of the leading figures of Saxon history. He obtained the throne of Mercia in 757, after the murder of his cousin, King Aethelbald, by Beornraed. After spending fourteen years in consolidating and ordering his territories he engaged in conquests which made him the most powerful king in England. After a successful campaign against the Hestingi, he defeated the men of Kent at Otford (776); the West Saxons at Bensington in Oxfordshire (779); and finally the Welsh, depriving the last-named of a large part of Powys, including the town of Pengwern. To repress the raids of the Welsh he built Offa's dyke, 150 miles long and roughly indicating for the first time what has remained the boundary between England and Wales.
From 776 Offa was the most powerful Anglo-Saxon king until Alfred the Great. He ruled over Kent, Sussex, East Anglia and the Midlands, and allied with Beorhtric of Wessex. His rule never extended to Northumbria but his daughter married the King of Northumbria. Offa died in 796.[119]
762
Shia revolt under Muhammad (Nafs uz Zakia) and Ibrahim. [120]
January 25, 1138: Anacletus II passed away. Known as Pietro Pierleone before his elevation to the Papacy in 1130, Anacletus II was referred to as the Jewish anti-pope because he came from a family that had converted from Judaism to Christianity. The appellation of anti-pope is one that is hung on several popes who were elected under controversial circumstances.[121]
1139: Hugh was said to have had three sons: Edmund de Payen, Theobald de Payen, and Thomas de Payen. Theobald of Payen/Payn (Paiene) was the Abbott of Saint Columba-de-Saens in 1139 and most likely left no issue. When Hugh was married still is not clear, however, he was married long enough, before his wife died to give her three (3) children. Details of this family are very difficult to document in the early days. Some French sources do not mention Catherine St. Clair, but another wife. [122] Alphonso I becomes first king of Portugal, Matilda lands at Arundel – civil war in England, Bavaria falls to Austria, Pope Innocent II convenes second Council of the Lateran, Second Lateran Council ends schism “Decretum Gratiani” summary of English ecclesiastical law, Matilda (25th great grandmother) lands in England, Second Lateran Council ends schism in Church following illegal election of Anacletus II as rival to Innocent II, Matilda leaves France for England. [123]
January 25, 1327: Edward III (1st cousin 21x removed) becomes King of England. During his reign King Edward III would re-apply the Edict of Expulsion of 1290 because there were reports of “secret Jews” or conversos who had remained in England and were practicing “the faith of their fathers.”[124]
King of England
Lord of Ireland
January 25, 1327 – June 21, 1377[125]
January 25, 1515: – Francis I crowned King of France. [126]
January 25, 1516: – King Ferdinand of Aragon dies and is succeeded by Charles of Austria (future emperor Charles V) (nephew of the wife of the 7th cousin 15x removed) who is Catherine’s nephew, being the son of her sister Joanna of Castille. He is the first Hapsburg king of Spain. [127]
January 25, 1533: January 25, 1533:– Henry VIII (7th cousin 15x removed) marries Anne Boleyn (wife of the 7th cousin 15x removed). [128] Anne Boleyn was pregnant and the marriage could no longer be delayed. The date of the wedding is unclear. It may have taken place when Anne was with the King in Calais in November 1532, but it seems more likely that it took place at a secret ceremony on January 25, 1533.[6] Parliament was immediately recalled to pass the necessary legislation.[129]
January 25, 1554: Founding of São Paulo, Brazil. As was the case in so many other parts of Latin America, the first Jews to inhabit Sao Paulo were New Christians or Conversos. The first openly Jewish residents of the city arrived from Alsace-Lorraine in the 19th century. Today São Paulo is home to the largest Jewish community in Brazil with about 130,000 people.[130]
January 25, 1554: – Outbreak of Wyatt’s revolt, a rebellion led by Sir Thomas Wyatt, Suffolk and the Carew family against Mary’s planned marriage to Phillip II of Spain. [131]
January 25, 1567: Mary Queen of Scots (9th cousin 13x removed) rejoins Darnley (husband of th 9th cousin 13 x removed) at Glasgow. She finds him already completely recovered, and, soon after, conducts him to Linlithgow, where she remains two days with him. [132]
January 25, 1569: Phillip II of Spain (husband of the 8th cousin 14 x removed) issued the order to set up an inquisition in the New World. Mexico would be the first five years later.[133]
January 25, 1579: The Duke of Anjou having been unable to agree with the Prince of Orange, and still less with Prince Casimir, who commanded the German forces, leaves Flanders, and retires to Alençon. [134]
January 25, 1648: The Khmelnytsky or Chmielnicki Rebellion against the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania began in earnest when Bohdan Khmelnytsky brought a contingent of 300-500 Cossacks to the Zaporizhian Sich and quickly dispatched the guards assigned by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to protect the entrance. His defeat of the counterattacking Commonwealth forces coupled with is oratorical skills brought thousands of rebels including the Ruthenians to join his uprising. Jews, who served as the middle-man and administrators for the absentee Polish landlords were an easy target for the rebels. The bloody uprising will mark the long, slow disintegration of the Polish state. The slaughter of the Jews was so great that it would not be surpassed until the time of the Nazis.[135]
January 25, 1774
Justice St. Clair reported to Governor Penn that Dr. Connolly was arrested previous to the meeting of January 25, 1774, by his orders, on his avowing himself the author of the advertisements requiring the people to meet as a militia, and confining him until the next court on his refusal to find sureties for his release. Said St. Clair: “I was in hopes of the sending him out of the way would have put an end to it altogether; but I was mistaken. About eighty persons in arms assembled themselves, chiefly from Mr. Croghan’s neighborhood, and the country west of and below the Monongahela, and, after parading through the town, and making a kind of feu de joie, proceeded to the Fort, where a cask of rum was procured on the parade, and the head knocked out. This is a very effectual way of recruiting. As a scene of drunkenness and confusion was likely to ensue, I got the magistrates (who attended in consequence of the letters I sent them) together, and read the enclosed paper, which we concocted that morning….Mr. Connolly has most certainly a commission form Lord Dunmore, expressly for Pittsburgh and its dependencies, and his subalterns are John Stephenson (half 6th great granduncle), a brother of Mr. Crawford (6th great grandfather), our Senior magistrate, William Harrison (5th great grandfather), a son-in-law of his, and Dorsey Pentecost, who was lately in the commission of the peace here. Mr. Pentecost has, I hear, been down to Mr. Connolly since his confinement, and taken the necessary oaths to qualify him for his military office, and is to assemble the people at Redstone, and take possession of Fort Burd. I have written to the justices in that part of the country to watch his motions. Mr McKee is said to be appointed a justice by Lord Dunmore, but I would fain hope withour his consent; at any rate he behaved very well on the late occasion, and, as he was doubted, I made a point of having him there under pretense of his being an Indian agent, but in fact, if he was a friend or abettor of Connlooy’s measures.”[136]
January 25, 1774: “We are informed that Lord Dartmouth has nominated George Mercer, Esq., to be Governor of the new colony on the Ohio, which, should be called Pittsylvania.”—Dunlap’s (Pa.) Packet, April 18, 1774, under the head of London news of January 25, 1774.
On January 25, 1775, about one month before the organization of
the Virginia court at Fort Dunmore, the following entry was made
upon the minutes of the Supreme Executive Council :
"At a Council held at Philadelphia, 25th January, 1775, . . .
Captain St. Clair appearing at the Board and representing that William
Crawford, Esquire, President of the Court in Westmoreland County,
hath lately joined with the Government of Virginia in opposing the
jurisdiction of Pennsylvania in the County, the Board advised the
Governor to supersede him in his office as Justice of the Peace and
common Pleas. A Supersedeas was accordingly ordered to be issued : ' '
Others of the Justices of the Westmoreland County court were Arthur
St. Clair, afterward a Major-general in the Revolution ; Thomas Gist,
above mentioned, Alexander McKee, afterwards with Simon Girty
and Matthew Elliot, a deserter to the British Indians ; Robert Hanna,
William Louchry, George Wilson, above mentioned, Eneas McKay,
Joseph Spear, Alexander McClean and James Caveat. [137]
1775 January 25, William Crawford[138] was removed from all positions held by him in Westmoreland County, PA, because of a change in the county line. He never again held office in Pennsylvania because of his military services to the Virginia Colony.
William Crawford opened a land office and as deputy surveyor made surveys overriding Pennsylvania claims. The district of West Augusta appointed William Crawford, John Stephenson and William Harrison justices of the peace.[139]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
January 25, 1775
Cap’t. Arthur St. Clair appeared before the board and testified that “William Crawford, Esquire Resident of the County of Westmoreland hath lately joined the Government of Virginia in opposing the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania.” In the County, the board advised the Governor to supersede him in his office as Justice of the Peace and Common Pleas. A supersede was accordingly ordered.[140]
January 25, 1775
“At a Council held at Philadelphia, January 25th, 1775, .
Captain St. Clair appearing at the Board and representing that William Crawford, Esquire, President of the Court in Westmoreland County, hath lately joined with the Government of Virginia in opposing the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania in the County, the Board advised the Governor to supersede him in his office as Justice of the Peace and common Pleas. A Supersedeas was accordingly ordered to be issued :“
Others of the Justices of the Westmoreland County court were Arthur St. Clair, afterward a Major-general in the Revolution; Thomas Gist, above mentioned, Alexander McKee, afterwards with Simon Girty and Matthew Elliot, a deserter to the British Indians; Robert Hanna, William Louchry, George Wilson, above mentioned, Eneas McKay, Joseph Spear, Alexander McClean and James Caveat.
The early courts of Westmoreland County appear by their records to have been regularly held from April 6, 1773, to the second Tuesday of April, 1776. Observe that this last date was but a short time before the meeting of the Provincial Conference at Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia, resulting in the great Declaration of Independence by the American colonies. At this session there were orders made relating to township lines, roads, and recognizances in criminal cases; and then there was an interregnum, and there are no records-of any court held for Westmoreland County afterward until January 6, 1778. But the court for Yohogania County continued right along in a varied and extensive business, as will appear from the transcript of its records now publishing.
It would seem that the transactions of these Virginia Courts were not confined to merely business matters. Witness the fact that at the session of the Yohogania County court held on September 22, 1777, “William Taylor produced a Licence appointing him to preach the Gospel after the Manner of his Sect; which being read, the said William Taylor came into Court and took the Oath of fidelity and Allegiance to this Commonwealth.[141] Who was this William Taylor, and what was his “Sect”? And note that at the session of the same Court held on March 24, 1778, “John was no longer considered as doubtful, and sanguine expectations were formed of its speedy termination. The paper accordingly rose in value; and in June, 1778, although the issues had been increased to more than forty-five millions, the depreciation was at the rate of only four to one. From the end of April of that year to the month of February, 1779, although the issues had been increased from thirty-five to one hundred and fifteen millions, the average value in silver of the whole amount of paper in circulation exceeded ten millions, and it was at one time nearly thirteen millions, or considerably more than that which could be sustained at the outset of the hostilities. But when it was discovered that the war would be of longer continuance, confidence in the redemption of a paper money, daily increasing in amount, was again suddenly lessened. The depreciation increased from the rate of 6 to that of 30 to i in nine months. The average value in silver of the whole amount of paper in circulation from April to September, 1779, was about six millions, and it sunk below five during the end of the year. The total amount of the paper was at that time two hundred millions; and although no further issues took place, and a portion was absorbed by the loan offices and by taxes, the depreciation still increased, and was at the end of the year i 780 at the rate of 8o dollars in paper to i in silver. The value in silver of the paper currency was tlien less than two millions and a half of dollars; and when Congress, in March following, acknowledged the depreciation, and offered to exchange the old for new paper at the rate of 40 for i, the ld sunk in one day to nothing, and the new shared the same fate.”[142]
January 25, 1777: A torrential rainstorm overflowed the Bronx River and muddied the battlefield, making troop movement nearly impossible for the Patriots. [143]
January 25, 1775: JOSEPH TOMLINSON, Jr., b. October 12, 1745, MD, d. May 30, 1825, VA/WV, married January 25, 1775, Little Meadows, MD, Elizabeth Hartness, d/ ___ Hartness & Mary Scott. Buried Mt. Rose cemetery, Moundsville. *In October 1776, owing to the exposed situation of the county (Ohio) the justices organized and enrolled the militia with suitable field and company officers duly confirmed by the Governor. Joseph Tomlinson was one of the names on the roll. January 6, 1777 - Under Early proceedings of the county Court Joseph was recommended for Captain. Built the first town in Elizabethtown, named in honor of his wife, now Moundsville. Discovered The Mound, the ancient burial grounds of a prehistoric culture, for which Moundsville, WV is named. Children: Robert, b. 10/24/1775, m. Mary Delong; Druzilla, b. 4/17/1777, m. Hedakiah Bukey; Samuel, b. 1779, m. Lavisa Purdy; Issac, b. 1783, m. Anne Dement; Mary (Polly), b. 9/17/1785, m. John Kinnaird; Lucy, 3/27/1789, m. (1) Samuel Riggs, (2) William Hoskinson; Nathaniel, b. 6/7/1793, m. Margaret Ransom; Jesse, b. 6/12/1797, m. Mary Belle Martin; Elizabeth, b. 10/23/1790, m. Joseph Cox McMahon; Joseph, b. 4/7/1781, m. Susannah McMahon (sister of Joseph). Listed in D.A.R. Patriot Index, Captain, Guard, VA.
Elizabethtown
The Mound[144]
January 25, 1815: WILLIAM THOMAS "TOM" CRAWFORD (2nd cousin 6x removed):
William served in the War of 1812. He enrolled in 1814 with his brother Josiah Kirby Crawford. He was detached to the seventh Army company with William Cathy as First Major and Thomas Lonior as Second Major. The company of seventy-two men and officers was dispatched on January 25, 1815 to rendezvous at Waynesboro, NC, where they remained until sometime in May when they were mustered out of service. The family Bible of William and Sarah is owned by Mrs. Jewel M. Climer of Poteet, Texas.
Buried at Bigfoot, Frio Co., TX
Came to Texas in 1857 [145]
January 25, 1860: SPEECH OF HON. A. R. BOTELER[146], OF VIRGINIA, ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE HOUSE
DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, JANUARY 25, 1860
Mr. BOTELER[147]. I have, Mr. Clerk, no set speech to make. I have not come here to-day with that intention. I have sought the floor simply for the purpose of submitting a few suggestive remarks, which, I trust, will serve in some degree to promote the object which mans’ here are sincerely desirous of accomplishing — of bringing this discussion to a close, and perfecting the organization of the House. Sir, I do not stand here to-day to make any appeals to the prejudices, the passions, or the sectional pride of those who represent that quarter of the Confederacy from whence I come. I have no desire to indulge in any pyrotechnic display of “glittering generalities,” which, however much they may dazzle and amuse, are but little calculated to bring about any practical solution of the difficulty in which we are now involved like summer lightning, they “play around the head but do not touch the heart.” Nor is it my purpose to deal in any unjust, ungenerous, or unnecessarily harsh denunciation of those upon the other side of the Chamber, who, claiming to be conservative, are here in the exercise of their undoubted right as the Representatives of the country, entertaining sentiments utterly adverse from the sentiments held by my constituents and myself. I say I shall not indulge in any unnecessarily harsh denunciations of them. I recognize the fact that we who are assembled here to discharge the legitimate duties of legislation devolved upon us by our constituents, coming as we do from different and distant portions of this vast Confederacy, some of us from the rugged, rock-ribbed hills of the North, some from the ever-blooming plains of the South. some with the dust of the distant prairies on their feet, and others with the spray of either ocean on their brows, representing interests and opinions as variant as are the latitudes in which we live, must necessarily differ on mans points, it is not to be expected of us that there should be perfect uniformity of sentiment, and especially in regard to those great questions of public concernment which, from time to time, stir up the depths of human feeling in our land. But, sir, it is expected, and our country demands, patriotism requires at our hands, that, coming here under these circumstances, we should remember, in the language of a distinguished citizen of my good old State,”that we have a country to serve, as well as a party to obey.”
But, sir, what do we see? What is the spectacle which this House presents? On this side of it, with those with whom it has been my pride and my pleasure to act in good faith from first to last, what have we seen? Three organizations — a Democratic party, a southern Opposition party, and an anti-Lecompton party for we must recognize the last named as a party, since, though insignificant in number, they are most potential in their influence. Well, sir, what have they been doing? They know, they feel, the country knows, that it is only by a union amongst them all that we can beat down the nominee of the Republican party. They profess to be honest in their desire to accomplish that, and I know they are honest in their opposition to that nominee. But vet, with the majority and with the power in their hands, they have never once exercised that power to secure the object which they profess to be anxiously desirous of attaining. And why? Because they have allowed their party prejudces and their party pride to interfere with their patriotism. There has not been a ballot taken in which there has been a union of the different anti-Republican parties; and there will be no election resulting in the success of this side of the House unless there is such a union — a cordial and hearty union amongst us all.
Now, sir, let me illustrate our position here. We are all on board the same ship, the glorious old ship which our fathers built for us. They laid its keel; they fashioned its bulwarks; they forged the anchor of its hope; they launched it upon the ocean of national existence, and they gave us a chart by which to sail our ship. We have differed heretofore amongst ourselves; earnestly, sincerely, openly differed, as freemen should differ and will differ, in regard to the construction of that chart; we have differed amongst ourselves in regard to the best mode of working the ship. Some of us have been for sailing her upon this tack, some upon that tack; some have been for taking in a sail, others for shaking out a reef. We believe that, under Providence, our ship has been built to be the life-boat of the world; and throughout the progress of the voyage we have been constantly engaged in saving those who have come on board from the wrecks, the rafts, and rotten governments of the Old World. We have taken them into our vessel when they have been swimming for their lives. We have spread before them the table of our bounty; we have saved their lives and have given them an equal participation in the profits of our voyage; yet some of us (and I amongst the number) have seen, and seen with surprise and pain, that after they have been brought on board the ship, they have shown a propensity to interfere in the management of it, and we have said to them: “We have brought you here to save you, and to make you prosperous, happy, and free; but we are not willing that you shall take hold of the tiller and handle the ropes, until you have been here long enough to know one rope from another.”
Well, sir, this has been a source of honest difference of opinion amongst those on board, whilst all of us have loved the old craft, from truck to keel, with all our hearts. Thus we have voyaged; and whilst thus differing, what has happened? We have been drifting towards the breakers, we have been insensibly drawn towards a lee shore, where no light-house sends it friendly ray! A storm has arisen upon us; we hear the
spirit of the tempest shrieking in the shrouds; clouds of danger, difficulty, and doubt are dimming the heaven of our hopes, and threatening to burst in desolation over our heads! And not only that; but, sr, we see yonder “a band of mutineers” determined to take possession of the vessel; men associated together to dispossess us of our rights, and to deprive us of our property, who would thrust us down the hold, and batten the hatches over our heads. And yet, in the midst of all these imminent dangers which are threatening the destruction of the ship. we have been engaged here for weeks past in a disgraceful squabble upon theoretical points of political navigation!
Now, Mr. Clerk, I ask is it right, is it reasonable, can we answer to our constituents, and to the country, if we continue to allow these paltry, miserable differences to interfere with our duty, and to prevent cordial, united action among the conservatives of the House against those whom we recognize, and whom we are are bound to recognize as our common enemy.
Sir, I have no practical suggestion to offer; there are older heads than mine here to do that; but I do protest against the continuance of this most unnecessary discussion. For myself, the House will do mc the justice to say that I have occupied my seat upon this floor in silence during the seven weary weeks we have been in session, while this exciting discussion has been going on, and whilst the infamous Abolition outrage upon the district I have the honor to represent has been the fruitful inspiration of almost every gentleman who has risen to address the House. Now, sir, I was present at that horrible Harper’s Ferry raid; I was a witness to that abominable outrage; I saw the blood of my friends shed in the streets of Harper’s Ferry; and if there is a man here who has a right to discuss that subject. it is myself and yet I have forborne. I have remained silent for various reasons, not the least of which is that the distinguished Senator before me (Mr. Mason) is engaged in the investigation of the facts connected with the whole affair, and will present them fully and fairly, at the proper time, before the country, to leave it judge of them, after which I shall avail myself of a suitable opportunity to mention some circumstances to the I louse concerning that foray which I wish the country to know, and which justice to my constituents requires that it shall know from me.
There is another reason which, I must confess, has also influenced me in this matter. I know and I have been painfully conscious of’ it whenever my mind has reverted to that dark day that when the heart feels most, the tongue refuses to perform its wonted task.
And, sir, when I have heard gentlemen on the other side of the floor stand up and derisively refer to that infamous outrage. I have been hardly able to retain my seat and refrain from the expression of m~ indignation in terms which might not have sounded parliamentary My mind, sir, has again and again, during this discussion, gone back to that gloomy October evening, when I stood by the side of a friend, and laid my hand upon his brow were the death damp was gathering, while the blood was gushing from his noble heart. and I have been often disposed to say, in apology for my forbearance:
“Oh pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth.
‘That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!”
For I tell you, sir, that in my opinion, the leaders of the Abolition party, which is seeking to control the organization of’ this House, and to obtain possession of’ the Government, are as much the murderers of my friends at Harper’s Ferry as were old John Brown and his deluded followers. and I think that the committee engaged in the investigation in my State, and the investigation on the part of the Senate. will prove that the agitation of the slavery question by the grcat leaders of the Republican party has been the direct cause of the Harper’s Fcrrv invasion
I tell you furthcr. sir, that the Commonwealth of Virginia has come to the determination that this shall be the end of it:
that this slavery agitation shall cease, so far as she is that her ( ) shall he protected from repetition of’ that bloody raid. She has taken same indemnity for the past and means to have security for the future. Sir, to make her determination good. she has buckled on her armor, and her borders are now bristling with bayonets[148], for she feels compelled to take the guardianship of her rights and her honor into her own hands. Heretofore she has trusted to the tie of consanguinity; heretofore she has relied upon the linked shields of all the States for her protection; but, sir, at a moment when she dreamed not of it, she has been smitten upon the cheek. Our honored old mother has been struck a blow which has roused her children from their false security, and rallied them to her rescue. We now discover that we must depend upon our own right arm to protect our State from further outrage, so long as there remains a “Republican” organization in Congress and the country. Why will you persist, men of the North, in maintaining that organization? What good do you expect to effect by it? You formed it, so you have said, for the sole purpose of making Kansas a free State. You have Kansas, and when she comes into this Union, she will come in “free.” If there be any other purpose that you expect to accomplish by it, it must be to transfer your “irrepressible conflict” from the Territories to the States.
But, gentlemen of the other side, I know there are some among you who profess to be conservative, and are conservative, as compared with the moving spirits of your party. The distinguished gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Corwin) who sits before me, and who has entertained us and held this House for two days in listening admiration, by his intellectual efforts, claims to be I wish he were so in reality — the leader of the Republican party; but how few arc they who gather round him, who will recognize him as their leader, and will indorse the sentiments he has uttered here yesterday and the day before. When I look at him, when I see him there amongst them — a triton amongst the minnows — when I see him there, sir, my mind goes back to the literature of my boyish days, and I remember how it was that once upon a time Gulliver, in his travels, laid himself down to sleep in the country of the Lilliputians; how the pigmies climbed upon his person and wound their tiny chains about him; how they bound his hands, and so led him, a spectacle of wonder, through the land. Oh, sir, if I could but make such an appeal to that distinguished gentleman as would awaken a responsive feeling in his heart, its patriotic throbs would burst the bonds which bind him to the earth, he would stand erect in the frightened presence of his diminutive associates. and would march forth with a firm tread from the low miasmatic marshes of sectionalism and join us here upon the high ground ‘of nationality, where the flag of the Union floats “with not a stripe erased or polluted, or a single star obscured. (Applause from the Democratic benches and in the galleries.) And the leader. (Mr. Sherman.) whom they recognize; the leader who hears their banner, I listened to his explanation, or rather his attempt at explanation, made a few davs since, with sincere sympathy for him. In my very soul I pits hint. And it is with wonder and amazement that I behold a gentleman with the traits which that gentleman is said to have — for he must have noble traits who, during so many weeks of conflict, can keep friends around him in unbroken ranks, persisting in their efforts to place him in the third position under our Government — to see such a gentleman permit himself to remain for one hour more before the country, as he is. according to his own account of himself, and the account his friends have given of hint, in connection with the Helpcr Book.
What has he told the House? What has his friend who nominated him (Mr. Corwmn) told this House? That he signed the recommendation of the Helper book[149] at the solicitation of a friend who came to him and asked him to sign it; that he took the precaution to inquire ol’ the friend whether there would be anything objectionable in the compilation, and was assured that there would not, that the book would be prepared by a committee, &c. Well, sir, what has that committee done? They have put forth a book under the sanction of Mr. Shermans name, which is everywhere denounced as objectictionable. and which is. unquestionably a most infamous publication; a book which he himself intimates his objection to. and, as I understand. desires an opportunity to denounce as it deserves. They have deceived him: they have betrayed lion: him, have made him their victim, their dupe. and . their tool: and he submits to it all! Yes, sir, it is admitted that thcy have deceived him. For hc allows the inference to be made that he does not indorse this most infamous Helper book. I am told, indeed, that gentlemen on the other side - if the gentIcman from Missouri will withdraw his resolution — one after the other, will rise and denounce that book. That is what they say in private. They are ready to denounce it now, and well they may be; for, sir, I would like to see a man in the American Congress who would rise in his place and indorse the sentiments of that book, after all that has occurred within the last three months. If any man should do sh here in our presence, we would see a traitor standing in our midst.
Mr. Clerk, the gentleman from Ohio still occupies his position. Week after week he has occupied it, and Heaven only knows how long he will continue to hold on to it. But his chance is gone. I tell him, in all candor, that he cannot be elected to the Speakership. and is not fit for the position: not meaning, however, to say that his private virtues and personal graces would not fit him to fill that chair. From his association with this infamous Helper book, and the manner in which he has been persistently pressed at this particular time, he never can he Speaker. and never should be called upon to preside over the deliberations of this body To be elected at all, it must be by means of the plurality rule; and a vote upon the plurality rule, it is understood. must he a sneaking vote for Sherman. Now, sir, that plurality rule never can come to a vote. I do not hesitate to say that I was one of those, after the discussion arose in the House the other day, who sought out the paper referred to by the gentleman from Indiana, (Mr. Colfax) and that I placed my name to it, pledging myself to stand here day and night to, oppose by all lawful means the adoption of the plurality rule; and I will stay here in this Hall. eat here. drink here. lie here. and, if necessary, die here — before I give any sanction, as a Representative from Virginia, to that rule, when I am satisfied that its adoption will result in the election of John Sherman as Speaker of this House.
Mr. Colfax Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a question? I do not wish to interfere without the gentleman’s consent.
Mr. Boteler. Certainly.
Mr. Coffax. Suppose any number of gentlemen, after it was organized. were satisfied that an appropriation bill reported by the Committee of Ways and Means contained an appropriation of money which would probably be used by the Federal Administration for corrupt purposes. I do not say that would be; I only put the case as a supposititious one:would you justify us in signing a written agreement, binding ourselves to each other, that we would. by a factious opposition, prevent any vote ever being taken upon it, and thus prevent a majority from adopting it? If so, all legislation could be thus arrested.
Mr. Boteler. You have to meet your own responsibility to your constituency, and I am responsible to mine. I can go back to mine, and hold up my head, with the full assurance in my heart that the position I have taken during this protracted struggle for the Speakership will be indorsed by every one of my constituents whose good opinion is worth an effort to retain. You can do the same.
But I have yet to learn that that is a majority side of the House. I am going upon the premises that this is the majority side of this House, and that the factious course is pursued by the other side. That is the factious side. True, it is a side with seventeen States represented by it; but I see not a single southern man affiliating with them not one. I look upon the flag they carry, and I cannot recognize upon it the escutcheon of a single State south of Mason and Dixon’s line.
But, Mr. Clerk, I am sorry I have been betrayed into these extended remarks. I assure gentlemen I rose not to bring the torch of discord among the members of the house, but to offer the olive branch of peace. I rose to make an appeal to gentlemen upon this side; to make an appeal to my distinguished friend from Ohio (Mr. Corwin) before me to my friends from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, some of whom were old college-mates, and whom I had not met before for twenty years, but whom I see now, to my great regret, upon that side of the House, voting and acting against the interests of my State. I came here, sir, to stand by those gentlemen from Pennsylvania and New Jersey in their rights and interests. I came here a tariff man; though not a protective man for protection’s sake; not in favor of a high protective tariff, yet ready to lock my shield with theirs, and fight out the great question of protection to their interests. But I see them arrayed against my interests and the interests of my constituents and how can they expect that I shall be round fighting zealously with them for their interests? Sir, I have said that I am in favor of protection. I desire that every man in this country of ours, from the Aroostook to the Gulf of Mexico no matter what his occupation may be, whether he shoves the plane or throws the shuttle, whether he works in the mine, or, like myself, belongs to the great agricultural interests of the country shall feel that his Government is with him and not against him. I would have every farmer throughout the land feel, as he scatters the golden grain in the furrows, that, next to the Providence of Almighty God, who sends the sunshine and the shower, the seed time and the harvest, that the Government discriminates for his interests and not against them.
I came here to vindicate that principle side by side with those whom I believed to be conservative men from the great States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, (that old battle-ground of the Revolution, where my fathers stood with theirs, shoulder to shoulder, in the snows of Trenton and the hot sands of Monmouth,) to vindicate that great principle of protection to American industry, in accordance with the necessities of the times. But I find you rallying behind a sectional banner, and giving aid and comfort to that intolerant sectional organization of the North, the fundamental principle of which is opposition to slavery. I cannot, therefore, expect that any appeal I may make to you will be listened to.
Mr. Hale. Will the gentleman from Virginia allow me to ask him a question?
Mr. Boteler. I certainly will permit the gentleman to ask me a question?
Mr. Hale. You say you find us arrayed against your rights and interests, and that you came here to endeavor to promote the interests of Pennsylvania. I would like to know what rights or interests of Virginia the Pennsylvania members have attacked on this floor, or what rights they propose to attack? We have stood by you, as I understand. In your Harper’s Ferry foray, as you call it, Pennsylvania acted the part of a sister State, according to the testimony of Governor Wise himself, and returned your fugitives from justice. Pennsylvania, sir, has always done her duty to her sister States; and I defy any gentleman from Virginia, or any other gentleman upon this floor, to show that in any respect Pennsylvania has failed in her duty to any sister State in any manner whatever. When gentlemen deal in general charges like these, they ought to specify wherein we are interfering with their rights.
Mr. Boteler. I recognize the fact — and it is a fact which affords me pleasure, a fact of which even Pennsylvanian may well be proud that her Governor did his duty fully, fairly, faithfull, in returning to Virginia the fugitives from her justice, and that he was sustained by the people of Pennsylvania in that patriotic act; and, sir, I came here prepared to testify to the State of Pennsylvania my grateful appreciation of the conduct of her Governor. I am still grateful to the people of Pennsylvania, who, I believe, are misrepresented upon this floor by those who have from first to last acted with the other side, to whom, however, there may be some exceptions. (Referring to those who voted for Mr. Gilmer.)
The gentleman asks me when he had acted contrary to the interests of Virginia? You have done it, sir, on every ballot in which you have given your vote for a sectional candidate, whom the people of Virginia must regard, if elected to that chair, as having been forced upon the country against their interests, against their wishes, and against the protestation of every man, woman, and child, within her borders.
Now, sir, a word to Massachusetts.
Mr. Hale. I would ask the gentleman if we are not the best judges of what our constituents desire?
Mr. Vahlandigham. I rise to a question of order. I object to this interruption.
Mr. Hale. Has the gentleman the right to say — (Loud cries of “Order!” from the Democratic benches.)
Mr. Hale. Has the gentleman the right to say — (Cries of “Order!” “Order!”)
Mr. Vallandigham. I insist upon the point of order.
Mr. Botcher. The election which returned these gentleman here took place a month before the John Brown raid. The people of the North know, they must know, they cannot fail to see, what is the inevitable tendency of this slavery agitation. They have been told by you, the politicians, you the leaders and we have allowed ourselved to be deluded by the syren song sung in our ears that you do not intend to interfere with slavery within the States. Personally, I believe you do not. Personally, there is not a leader among you all not even Fred Douglass who can be found with courage enough to come into the southern States and interfere with slavery there. But, from year to year, you have beaten the drum of abolitionism in all the highways and byeways of the North. From your pulpit and press and forum, in season and out of season, you have preached to the rising generation that slavery is a curse; and that anti-slavery sentiment has stimulated others, less careful of their personal safety, to come amongst us with a hostile intent, to steal our slaves and incite them to insurrection.
I can illustrate this by an incident which occurred in my own county the other day. That poor wretch, Coppie, a week or two before his execution, stood at the window of his prison, pressing his brow against the iron bars across it, looking out intently in the street at the happy groups of negroes assembled there, and after some time, he turned away and sobbed. A friend asked why he sobbed. “Sir.” said he, I have seen, day after day, the negroes in your streets, and they are better clad than the laboring people of the northern States; they are well cared for in every way, and see, oh! see how happy!” Said my friend, “What did you expect? “Oh,” said he, “I have been taught to believe that they were downtrodden and oppressed, and were ready to cluch at liberty: but they refused it when we offered them the boon.”
Now, Mr. Clerk, who is responsible for this? On whose head is the blood of Coppie? There was not a man amongst the Harper’s Ferry insurgents except John Brown, who was not born since 1830, and who did not grow up under the influence of abolition preaching. This sir, is a significant fact, which I commend to the thinking portion of my countrymen. There was not one of them who had not breathed the atmosphere of abolition, and who had not his mind poisoned against the South by such teachings. You do not care for the negro. You admit the fact. It is a most miserable hobby upon which you have ridden into (poverty). Now, in the name of our common country, I demand that you disband your anti-slavery party and take down your piratical flag!
When sir, I have heard the name of a gentleman called here, day after day, first on the roll — a great. historic name, (Mr. Adams,) I have been reminded of Massachusetts in her prouder day in the heroic age of the Republic. I have been reminded of a historical incident connected with the county in which I live — that county selected by John Brown for his bloody raid: and feel that I have a right to appeal to the Massachusetts delegation here, if they are not deaf to the voice of consanguinity, and if they are, I appeal from them to their people on this question I demand of them to come up to the rescue of the country now as they did in the good old times of their revolutionary fathers.
The district which I represent. and the county where I live — that county made famous by the raid of Brown — was the first, the very first in all the South. To send succor to Massachusetts in the time of her direst necessity! In one of the most beautiful spots in that beautiful county, within rifle shot of my residence, at the base of a hill. where a glorious spring leaps out into sunlight from beneath the gnarled roots of a thunder-riven oak, there assembled on the (10th) of July, 1775, the very first band of southern men who marched to the aid of Massachusetts. They met there, then, and their rallying cry was. “a bee-line for Boston.” That beautiful and peaceful valley the “valley of the Shenandoah” had never been polluted by the footsteps of a foe: for even the Indians themselves had, according to tradition, kept it free from the incursion of their enemies. It was the hunting range and neutral ground of the aborigines. The homes of those who lived there then were far beyond the reach of danger. But Boston was beleagured! The hearths of your fathers were threatened with pollution, and the fathers of those whom I represent, rallied to their protection:
“Thcy left the plow share in the mould,
Their flocks and herds without a fold.
The sickle in the unshorn grain,
Their corn half-garnered on the plain.
And mustered in their simple dress,
Thus the mustered around the spring I speak of, and from thence they made their “Bee-line for Boston.” Before they marched, they made a pledge that all who survived would assemble there fifty years after that day. it is my pride and pleasure to remember that I, though but a child then, was present at the spring when the fifty years rolled round. Three aged, feeble, tottering men — the survivors of that glorious band of one hundred and twenty — were all who were left to keep their tryst, and be faithful to the pledge made fifty years before to their companions, the bones of most of whom had been left bleaching on your northern hills.
Sir, I have often heard from the last survivor of that band of patriots the incidents of their first meeting and their march; how they made some six hundred miles in thirty days
— twenty miles a day — and how, as they neared their point of destination, Washington. who happened to be making a reconnoissance in the neighborhood, saw them approaching, and recognizing the linsey-woolsey hunting-shirts of old Virginia, galloped up to meet and greet them to the camp: how, when he saw their captain, his old companion-in-arms. Stephenson (Hugh Stephenson half 6th great granduncle), who had stood by his side at the Great Meadows, on Braddock’s fatal field, and in many an Indian campaign — and who reported himself to his commander as from the right bank of the Potomac — he sprang from his horse and clasped his old friend and companion-in-arms with both hands. He spoke no word of welcome: but the eloquence of silence told what his tongue could not articulate. He moved along the ranks, shaking the hand of each, from man to man, and all the while — as my informer told me — the big tears were seen rolling down his checks.
Ay, sir, Washington wept! And why did the glorious soul of Washington swell with emotion? why did he weep? Sir. they were tears of joy! and he wept because he saw that the cause of Massachusetts was practically the cause of Virginia: because he saw that her citizens recognized the great principles involved in the contest. These Virginia volunteers had come spontaneously. They had come in response to the words of her Henry, that were leaping like live thunder through the land, telling the people of Virginia that they must fight, and fight for Massachusetts. They had come to rally with Washington to defend our fathers’ firesides. to protect their homes from harm. Well, the visit has been returned. John Brown selected that very county, whose citizens went so promptly to the aid of the North when the North needed aid, as the most appropriate place in the South to carry out the doctrines of the “irrepressible conflict;” and, as was mentioned in the Senate yesterday, the rock where Leeman fell was the very rock over which Morgan and his men marched a few hours after Stephenson’s[150] command had crossed the river some ten miles further up.
May this historical reminiscence rekindle the embers of patriotism in our hearts! Why should this nation of ours be (bent) in pieces by this irrepressible conflict? Is it irrepressible? The battle will not be fought out upon this floor. For when the dark day comes, as come it may, when this question, that now divides and agitates the hearts of the people, shall be thrust from the forum of debate, to be decided by the bloody arbitrament of the sword, it will be the saddest day for us and all mankind that the sun of Heaven has ever shone upon.
I trust, Mr. Clerk, that this discussion will now cease. I trust that all will make an effort, by balloting, and by a succession of ballotings. to organize the House. I trust that we will go on in our efforts, day after day, until we do effect an organization, and proceed to perform the duties which we were sent here to discharge that the great heart of our country will cease to pulsate with the anxiety which now causes it to throb: and that ( ) ( ) each, in our appropriate sphere. do what we can to make ourselves more worthy of the inestimable blessings, which a good God has given us. and which can only be enjoyed by a free, a virtuous, and united people. (Applause.)[151]
Mon. January 25, 1864:
Thomas Kirkwood sen[152] came into camp quite warm and mucky from davenport to cario[153] 375 + 629 = 1004 whole distance cario[154] to vixburg[155]
(William Harrison Goodlove, 2nd great grandfather)
January 25th 1865: We are still at the depot waiting for Sherman's troops to leave so that we can take their quarters. The weather has been so bad that they could not march.[156]
January 25, 1901: In 1897, Victoria (18th cousin 4x removed) had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army,[95] and white instead of black.[193] On January 25, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her into the coffin.[194] She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil.[195] An array of mementos commemorating her extended family, friends and servants were laid in the coffin with her, at her request, by her doctor and dressers. One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, were placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers.[95][196] Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883.[95][157]
January 25, 1940: The Nazi decreed the establishment of Jewish ghetto in Lodz, Poland.[158]
January 25, 1942: Max Gottlieb, born November 13, 1878 in Berlin. Bitte, Grose Hamburger Str. 26. 10. Resided Berlin. Deportation: from Berlin, January 25, 1942, Riga. Todesort:Riga, missing. [159]
January 25, 1942: The 5000 Marines were all safely ashore the next day, and on January 25, the two carrier task forces set course to the northwest, toward the Marshall Islands, 1600 miles away. In Enterprise, Halsey and his Chief of Staff, CDR Miles Browning, had developed a plan for the raid. The Yorktown force - commanded by Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher - would target Makin, in the Gilbert Islands, and Jaluit and Mili in the southern Marshalls. Halsey and Enterprise (Uncle Howard Snell was on board), accompanied by Spruance's cruisers, set their sights on Wotje and Taroa (in the Maloelap atoll) in the northern Marshalls. As the Marshalls were suspected of being well-defended, this seemed like a long enough list of targets. [160]
January 25, 1943: Gunther, Eichmann’s assistant, replied (XXVI-70) that the Reich’s Transportation Ministry had given the green light for the transport in freight cars of 1,500 to 2,000 Jews from Drancy to Auschwitz. There was no objection, cabled Gunther, to the deportation of French Jews if it were undertaken in accordance with the guidelines for the evacuation of the Jews from France. Moreover, he indicated that the escort from Drancy to the Reich’s border would be a commando from the SD of Metz and that after the border, the Ordnungspolizei would escort the convoy to Auschwitz. [161]
January 25, 1944: Hans Frank, governor-general of Occupied Poland, notes in his diary that approximately 100,000 Jews remain in the region under his control, down by 3,400,000 from the end of 1941.[162]
January 25, 1944: The Allies carry out a successful air attack on the Schweinfurt ball-bearing factory, causing great damage to the German war effort.[163]
January 25, 1961 The CIA’s William Harvey meets with Dr. Sidney Gottlieb.
Harvey says “I’ve been asked to form this group to assassinate people and I need to know what you can do
for me.” The two men specifically discuss Castro, Lumumba and Trujillo as potential targets.
Harvey’s notes of the meeting show that he and Gottlieb talk of assassination as a “last resort”
and as “a confession of weakness.” [164]
January 25, 1992: Rossie Mae Hogeland15 [Fennia Nix14, Marion F. Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. March 6, 1927) married Clarence Olen Henderson (b. February 26, 1921 / d. January 25, 1992 in Cullman Co. AL), the son of John Marion Henderson and Lucinda Dullie Bromley, on June 1, 1946. [165]
• January 25, 2009: By the power expressly conferred on him by Pope Benedict XVI, the Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops issued a decree on January 21, 2009 remitting, at their request, the excommunication of Bishops Fellay, Tissier de Mallerais, Williamson and Gallareta.[48] L'Osservatore Romano of January 25, 2009, spoke of "the excommunication that they (the four bishops) had incurred twenty years ago",[49] said that they had incurred latae sententiae excommunication"[50] and declared that, by means of the decree, the Pope "remits the excommunication that lay upon the Prelates in question".[51]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor. Page 293.
[2] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[3] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor. Page 293.
[4] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 32.
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[6] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 337.
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[9] http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/genetics/mtDNAworld/twelve.html
[10] From River Clyde go Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, page 1-2.
[11] From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, page 1-2.
[12] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888
[13] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 337.
[14] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1479.
[15] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 32.
[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[17] High Priests and Politics in Roman Palestine by E. Mary Smallwood, 1962, page 31
[18] Ancient Almanac, King Herod’s Lost City7/16/2001 HISTI
[19] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[20] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1474.
[21] Jesus the Jew, A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels, by Geza Vermes, page 45.
[22] I The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 337.ntroducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 50.
[23] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 337.
[24] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 50.
[25] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 50.
[26] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 51.
[27] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 14.
[28] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 32.
[29] Jesus the Jew, A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels, by Geza Vermes, page 47.
[30] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[31] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 32, Jerusalem, by Lee I Levine, pg 354.
[32] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 14.
[33] Jesus the Jew, A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels, by Geza Vermes, page 47.
[34] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 337.
[35] Jesus the Jew, A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels, by Geza Vermes, page 56.
[36] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1490.
[37] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1495.
[38] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1499.
[39] Evidece that demands a Verdict. Josh McDowell. Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 49.
[40] Wikipedia.com
[41] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timetable_of_major_worldwide_volcanic_eruptions
[42] The Historical Jesus for Dummies, by Catherine M. Murphy, Phd.
[43] U.S. News and World Report, Secrets of Christianity, page 36.
[44] The History of God by Karen Armstrong, page 80. (Harnak) Evidence that Demands a Verdict, by Josh McDowell 58-65 (T. W. Manson) Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 48.
[45] (Hiebert) Evidence that Demands a Verdict, by Josh McDowell
[46] The Historical Jesus for Dummies, by Catherine M. Murphy, Phd.
[47] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[48] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 24.
[49] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 24.
[50] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 24-25.
[51] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1501.
[52] Jesus the Jew, A Historian’s Reading of the Gospels, by Geza Vermes, page 45. -
[53] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 338.
[54] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor. Page 293.
[55] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[56] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1503.
[57] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1520.
[58] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1531.
[59] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1550.
[60] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[61] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 338.
[62] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor. Page 262.
[63] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor. Page 269.
[64] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor, page 270.
[65] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 15. ,
[66] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 25.
[67] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1563.
[68] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1569.
[69] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1572.
[70] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 48.
[71] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timetable_of_major_worldwide_volcanic_eruptions
[72] (Harrison), Josh McDowell, Evidence that Demands a Verdict. Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 48.
[73] U.S. News and World Report, Secrets of Christianity, page 37.
[74] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 32.
[75] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1573.
[76] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor, page 270.
[77] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 338.
[78] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 32.
[79] The Naked Archeologist, The JC Bunch, 8/8/2008
[80] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor, page 289.
[81] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family and Biryth of Christianity. Thje Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor, page 298-299.
[82] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page25, 32. , Jerusalem, by Lee I Levine, pg 356.
[83] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 25-26.
[84]
[85] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 26.
[86] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[87] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1578.
[88] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1583.
[89] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 27.
[90] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 26.
[91] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 27.
[92] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 27.
[93] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 27.
[94] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 28.
[95] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 28.
[96] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 28-29.
[97] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[98] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[99] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel
[100] Smallwood, “High Priests and Politics” page 15, 32.
[101] The Works of Josephus, Translated by William Whiston, Cover.
[102] The Enemies of Rome, by Philip Matyszak, page 193
[103] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1584.
[104] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor. Page 293.
[105] Secret Access: The Vatican, 12/22/2010
[106] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 1589.
[107] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[108] Heritage: Civilization and the Jews, 1984, page 126.
[109] http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam12.html
[110] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[111] The Art Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[112] The Art Institute of Chicago, 11/1/2011
[113] The Ten lost Tribes, A World History, by Zvi-Dor Benite, page 89.
[114] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[115] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[116] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[117] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[118] http://www.britroyals.com/timeline.asp
[119] http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=offa
[120] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[121] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[122] http://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/KnightsTemplar1.html
[123] mike@abcomputers.com
[124] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[125] Wikipedia
[126] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[127] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[128] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[129] Wikipedia
[130] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[131] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/
[132] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[133] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[134] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[135] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[136] Annals of Southwestern Pennsylvania, II, 51 (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett, Page 908.4.
[137] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[138] Despite this action, we find Major Crawford entering in the Revolutionary conflict just in the offing, with his full vigor. He was summoned to Williamsburg and became a lieutenant colonel in the 5th Virginia Regimant. He later became colonel of the 7th Virginia upon the resignation of Colonel William in October, 1776. Annals of Southwestern Pennsylviania by Lewis Clark Walkinshaw, A. M. Volume II pg. 62.
[139] The Brothers Crawford, by A. W. Scholl, 1995
[140] References:- Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The Brothers Crawford, by A. W. Scholl, 1995, pg.20-21.
[141] : “ Annls, Vol. II., p. 102.
[142] MINUTE BOOK OF VIRGINIA COURT HELD FOR YOHOGANIA COUNTY, FIRST AT AUGUSTA TOWN (NOW WASHINGTON, PA.), AND AFTER WARDS ON THE ANDREW HEATH FARM NEAR WEST ELIZABETH; 1776-1780.EDITED BY BOYD CRUMRINE, OF WASHINGTON, PA.
[143] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/americans-retreat-from-fort-independence
[144] (Sources: *Fort Henry Military Organization, History of the Pan-Handle by Newton; page 96; Information from Phyllis Dye Slater; History of Marshall County, by Scott Powell, 1925.)
[145] Crawford Coat of Arms
[146] Boteler, Alexander Robinson, a Representative from Virginia; born in Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Va. (now West Virginia), May 16, 1815; was graduated from Princeton College in 1835; engaged in agriculture and literary pursuits; elected as the candidate of the Opposition Party to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859-March 3, 1861); during the Civil War entered the Confederate Army and was a member of Stonewall Jackson’s staff; chosen by the State convention a Representative from Virginia to the Confederate Provisional Congress November 19, 1861; elected from Virginia to the Confederate Congress, serving from February 1862 to February 1864; appointed a member of the Centennial Commission in 1876; appointed a member of the Centennial Commission in 1876; appointed a member of the Tariff Commission by President Arthur and a member and subsequently made pardon clerk in the Department of Justice by Attorney General Brewster; died in Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, W. Va., May 8, 1892; interment in Elmwood Cemetery.
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000653
[147] SCA Designer of the Confederate flag and seal.
http://freepages.genealogyrootsweb.com/~mysouthernfamily/myff/d0086//g0000052.htm
[148] Bayonet: a metal blade, like a long knife or short sword, which could be attached to the end of a musket or rifle-musket and used as a spear or pike in hand to hand combat. Civil War 2010 Calendar
[149] Hinton Helper (“The Impending Crises”) In 1857 in New York, Hinton Rowan Helper (1829-1909) published The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It Helper was a nonslaveowner from South Carolina Unlike Uncle Tom’s Cabin The Impending Crises tried to use facts and statistics (mainly from the 1850 census) to convince readers that slavery was hurting the southern economy. Helper argued that slavery was the reason that the North actually had a larger agricultural output than the South and that land values in the North were considerably highter than in the South (He also noted lower rates of literacy commerce, etc.) Unfortunately, the actual statistics did not reflect Helper’s claims. He forgot to use per capita figures, so it was not surprising that the North outproduced the South. Helper proposed nonslaveowners into a political party aimed at gradually. Abolishing slavery by passing laws making it unprofitable (taxes on slaves, boycotts against slaveowners, etc.). Helper’s rhetoric was surprisingly fierce, causing many places in the South to ban his book. The Republican party, however , distributed 100,000 copies of an abridged version to help in the 1860 campaign. The book caused intense controversy, aggravating sectional tensions.
Helper spent the war years as US consul in Buenos Aires After the war, he published books denouncing free blacks. These books made him an embarrassment to the republican party. He was no longer taken seriously. Helper spent the last years of his life promoting a transcontinental railroad, not east-west, but north-south from Hudson Bay to Cape Horn. This idea was a dismal failure. On March 8, 1909, Helper committed suicide by closing the door to his room, wrapping a towel around his neck, and turning on the gas.
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/%7Emwfridm/terms/micha 12.html
Hugh Stevenson is the half brother of Col. William Crawford. William Harrison Goodlove’s 2nd great grandfather. The following letters illustrate the connection of the family to the American Revolution and to George Washington.
[151] Speech of Hon. A. R. Boteler, of Virginia, on the Organization of the House Delivered in the House of Representatives, January 25, 1860; The George M. Bedinger Papers in the Draper Manuscript Collection, indexed by Craig L. Heath
[152]Kirkwood, Samuel Jordan, a Senator from Iowa: born in Harford County, Md., December 20, 1813; clerked in a drug store and taught school; moved to Mansfield, Richmond County, Ohio, in 1835 and continued teaching until 1840; studied law; admitted to the bar in 1843 and commenced practice in Mansfield; prosecuting attorney of Richland County 1845-1849; member of the State constitutional convention in 1850 and 1851; moved to Coralville, Johnson County, Iowa, in 1855 and engaged in the milling business; member, State senate 1856-1859; Governor of Iowa 1860-1864; appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as Minister to Denmark in 1863, but declined; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James Harlan and served from January 13, 1866, to March 3, 1867; resumed the practice of law and also served as president of the Iowa & Southwestern Railroad Co; Governor of Iowa 1876-1877, when he resigned to become United States Senator, serving as a Republican from March 4, 1877, to March 7, 1881, when he resigned to accept a Cabinet portfolio; Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President James Garfield 1881-1882, when, upon the death of President Garfield, he resigned; unsuccessful candidate for election in 1886 to the Fiftieth Congress; resumed the practice of law; president of the Iowa City National Bank; died in Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa, September 1, 1894; interment in Oakland Cemetery.
http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=k000242
[153]Troops met in and near Cairo as they moved to and from the front lines.
http://www.illinoiscivilwar.org/cairo.html
[154] The city of Cairo is perhaps the only walled city in the United States. It is surrounded by levees, and entrance to the city is through gates that can be closed against floods.
http://www.iltrails.org/forts.html
[155] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[156] Joseph W. Crowther, Co. H. 128th NY Vols.
[157] Wikipedia
[158] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[159] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,. {2}Der judishchen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus “Ihre Namen mogen nie vergessen werden!” [2]Memorial Book: Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Oppression in Germany, 1933-1945
[160] http://www.cv6.org/1942/marshalls/marshalls_2.htm
[161] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 360-361.
[162] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[163] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1778.
[164] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[165] Proposed descendants of William Smythe.
No comments:
Post a Comment