Gary's 80th birthday touring San Antonio
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein, 2008.
Lucy Adams Aylesworth (3rd great grandmother)
Lydia P. Ehrsam Mckee
Thomas B. Kirby (2nd great granduncle of ex)
Elisabeth L. LeClere (3rd cousin)
George Meason (half brother of the husband of the 5th great grandaunt)
Samuel Meason (half brother of the husband of the 5th great grandaunt)
Cecil G. Sargent Husband of the 1st cousin 2x removed)
Silvia R. Sargent Moore (2nd cousin 1x removed)
Edward C. Schuessler (2nd cousin)
Lucy A. Taylor
Adam R. Wermager (paternal 1st cousin)
Mary I. Winch Toppin Place (2nd great aunt)
February 6, 1190: Following an attack in Lynn[1], all the Jews of Norwich, England found in their houses were slaughtered, except a few who found refuge in the castle.[2]
February 6, 1481: The first auto-da-fe by the Spanish Inquisition took place in Seville, Spain. The term "auto-de-fe" means "act of faith." It was a ceremony that culminated in burning at the stake heretics discovered by the Inquisition. There heretics were Jews who had been forced to convert and were guilty of practicing their Judaism in secret.[3]
On February 6th, 1481, the first public ceremony or auto de fe of the Spanish Inquisition was held in Seville: six accused were burnt alive at the stake and numerous others sentenced to various punishments. It was a grim beginning to the career of one of the most feared institutions in the history of mankind. A modern defender of the Inquisition has conceded that the 1480s in Seville and Toledo were 'a period of imprisonment and trials whose like has perhaps never been equaled'. In the first eight years in Seville alone, according to a chronicler of the time, 'more than seven hundred persons were burnt and over five thousand punished'.
After a denunciation, the case was examined by the calificadores, who had to determine if there was heresy involved, followed by detention of the accused. In practice, however, many were detained in preventive custody, and many cases of lengthy incarcerations occurred--lasting up to two years--before the calificadores examined the case.
Detention of the accused entailed the preventive sequestration of his or her property by the Inquisition. The property of the prisoner was used to pay for procedural expenses and the accused's own maintenance and costs. Often the relatives of the defendant found themselves in outright misery. This situation was only remedied following instructions written in 1561.
The entire process was undertaken with the utmost secrecy, as much for the public as for the accused, who was not informed about the accusations that were levied against them. Months, or even years could pass without the accused being informed about why they were locked up. The prisoners remained isolated, and, during this time, the prisoner was not allowed to attend mass nor receive the sacraments.
In order to interrogate the criminals, the Inquisition made use of torture, but not in a systematic way. It was applied mainly against those suspected of Judaism and Protestantism, beginning in the 16th century. For example, Lea estimates that between 1575 and 1610 the court of Toledo tortured approximately a third of those processed for heresy. In other periods, the proportions varied remarkably. Torture was always a means to obtain the confession of the accused, not a punishment itself. It was applied without distinction of sex or age, including children and the aged.
The methods of torture most used by the Inquisition were garrucha, toca and the potro. The application of the garrucha, also known as the strappado, consisted of suspending the criminal from the ceiling by a pulley with weights tied to the ankles, with a series of lifts and drops, during which arms and legs suffered violent pulls and were sometimes dislocated.. The toca, also called tortura del agua, consisted of introducing a cloth into the mouth of the victim, and forcing them to ingest water spilled from a jar so that they had impression of drowning. The potro, the rack, was the instrument of torture used most frequently.
The assertion that "confession em esse veram, non factam vi tormentorum" (the confession was true and free) sometimes follows a description of how, presently after torture ended, the subject freely confessed to his offenses.
The “Spanish Chair,” a device used to hold the victim while the soles of their feet were roasted, was certainly in existence in Spain during the period of the Inquisition. It is uncertain, however, whether it was in fact used.
Once the process concluded, the inquisidores met with a representative of the bishop and with the consulters, experts in theology or canon law, which was called the consulta de fe. The case was voted and sentence pronounced, which had to be unanimous. In case of discrepancies, the Suprema had to be informed.[36] [4]
February 6, 1508: Maximilian I (husband of the stepdaughter of the 5th cousin 17x removed) was crowned Holy Roman Emperor. In the first decade of his reign, Maximilian would put an end to the attempts by some German nobles to banish the Jews from their realms. Maximilian did this, not so much because he loved Jews, but because he saw these attempts at banishment as an encroachment on his imperial authority. Wherever they lived in the empire, the Jews were the subjects of the emperor and not of any local lord. Therefore only he could banish Jews. Maximilian feared that if he gave way on his control over the Jews, who knew what power the nobles might try and take from him next.[5]
February 6, 1665:
Name: Queen Anne (aunt of the husband of the 5th cousin 17x removed)
Full Name: Anne Stuart
Born: February 6, 1665 at St. James Palace, London
Parents: James II and Anne Hyde
Relation to Elizabeth II: 2nd cousin 8 times removed
House of: Stuart
Ascended to the throne: March 8, 1702 aged 37 years
Crowned: April 23, 1702 at Westminster Abbey
Married: George, son of Frederick III of Denmark
Children: Eighteen, including miscarriages and still-born, of whom only one William survived to age of 11
Died: August 1, 1714 at Kensington Palace , aged 49 years, 5 months, and 22 days
Buried at: Westminster
Reigned for: 12 years, 4 months, and 24 days
Succeeded by: her 3rd cousin George of Hanover
Anne was the second daughter of James, Duke of York, who became James II, and his first wife, Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon. Anne and her elder sister Mary received a Protestant upbringing although their father James converted to Catholicism and remarried. In 1683 Anne married Prince George of Denmark (1653–1708). She had between 16 and 18 pregnancies but only one child survived - William, Duke of Gloucester who died aged 11 of smallpox in 1700.
Her sister Mary married William of Orange but Anne was forbidden by her father to visit her in the Netherlands. When William landed in England in 1688 to take the throne, Anne on the influence of her close friend Sarah Churchill (1650–1744) the wife of John Churchill (1650–1722), supported her sister and brother-in-law against her father James. Churchill was created Duke of Marlborough by William when he was crowned King William III and her sister Queen Mary II. Anne detested her brother-in-law, and the Churchills' influence led her briefly during William’s reign to engage in Jacobite intrigues.
Mary died in 1694 and on William’s death in 1702 Anne succeeded to the throne as Queen Anne. When she was crowned in April 1702 Anne was 37 years old and after her many pregnancies had poor health and no longer her youthful figure. She was shy and stubborn and very different from her outgoing sister Mary. Anne and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, remained close friends – Anne addressed Sarah as ‘Mrs Freeman’ and she called Anne ‘Mrs Morley’. Sarah’s husband the Duke of Marlborough commanded the English Army in the War of Spanish Succession, and won a series of victories over the French at Blenheim (1704), Ramillies (1706), Oudenarde (1708) and Malplaquet (1709). The influence of the Churchill’s however began to decline and after a violent quarrel in 1710, Sarah Churchill was dismissed from court. Abigail Masham succeeded the duchess as Anne's favourite, using her influence to further the Tories.
Towards the end of her life, Anne suffered from gout and she could hardly walk. On her death in 1714 her body had swollen so large that she was buried in an almost square coffin. On the question of succession, Anne's family loyalty had convinced her that this should fall to her father's son by his second wife (Mary of Modena), James Edward Stuart, known as the Old Pretender. However, the Act of Settlement in 1701 ensured Protestant succession to the throne, and Anne was succeeded by George I, great-grandson of James I.
Queen Anne's Signature
Signature of Queen Anne
Quotes:
‘She meant well and was not a fool; but nobody can maintain that she was wise, nor entertaining in conversation’ – Sarah Churchill (about Queen Anne)
’Queen Anne was the quintessence of ordinariness; she also had more than her fair share of small-mindedness, vulgarity and downright meanness’ – Historian J.P. Kenyon
‘Cricket is not illegal, for it is a manly game’ - Queen Anne.
’Brandy Nan’ – nickname for Queen Anne (who was reputedly fond of drink).
Timeline for Queen Anne
t
1702
Anne succeeds her brother-in-law, William III.
1702
England declares war on France in the War of the Spanish Succession
1704
English, Bavarian, and Austrian troops under Marlborough defeat the French at the Battle of Blenheim and save Austria from invasion.
1704
British capture Gibraltar from Spain.
1706
Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramillies, and expels the French from the Netherlands.
1707
The Act of Union unites the kingdoms of England and Scotland and transfers the seat of Scottish government to London.
1708
Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Oudenarde. .
1708
Anne vetoes a parliamentary bill to reorganize the Scottish militia, the last time a bill is vetoed by the sovereign.
1708
James Edward Stuart, 'The Old Pretender', arrives in Scotland in an unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne.
1709
Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Malplaquet.
1710
The Whig government falls and a Tory ministry is formed.
1710
St Paul's Cathedral, London, completed by Sir Christopher Wren
1711
First race meeting held at Ascot
1713
The Treaty of Utrecht is signed by Britain and France, bringing to an end the War of the Spanish Succession.
1714
Queen Anne dies at Kensington Palace.
[6]
February 6, 1775:William St. Clair obtained warrant for 100 acre tract in Elk Lick (then Cumberland
County84) April 12, 1769. He sold this tract to Peter Livengood in 1773. The site of the
Livengood homestead, is between Salisbury and St. Paul, and nearby is the old Indian
Trail and packers path, known as the Turkeyfoot Road. St. Clair had six acres of the tract
cleared in 1772 according to record in tax assessment file. The Commonwealth land
office records show that Peter Livengood obtained warrant for said tract under date
February 6, 1775, the date of survey is March 30, 1785, date of patent January 13, 1797, named―Liverpool,‖ area 156 acres.[7]
February 6, 1778: Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States – France)
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce Between the United States and France, along with its sister document the Treaty of Alliance, was one of two treaties signed on February 6, 1778 at the Hôtel de Crillon in Paris, France between the United States and France. The treaty established a commercial alliance between these two nations and was signed during the American Revolutionary War.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg/220px-Johnadamsvp.flipped.jpg
John Adams, (8th cousin 3x removed of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed) an early supporter and initial author of an alliance with France [8]
February 6, 1778
France recognizes the independence of the United States and signs a Treaty of Allieance.[9] During the American War for Independence, representatives from the United States and France sign the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance in Paris.
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce recognized the United States as an independent nation and encouraged trade between France and the America, while the Treaty of Alliance provided for a military alliance against Great Britain, stipulating that the absolute independence of the United States be recognized as a condition for peace and that France would be permitted to conquer the British West Indies.
With the treaties, the first entered into by the U.S. government, the Bourbon monarchy of France formalized its commitment to assist the American colonies in their struggle against France's old rival, Great Britain. The eagerness of the French to help the United States was motivated both by an appreciation of the American revolutionaries' democratic ideals and by bitterness at having lost most of their American empire to the British at the conclusion of the French and Indian Wars in 1763.
In 1776, the Continental Congress appointed Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane, and Arthur Lee to a diplomatic commission to secure a formal alliance with France. Covert French aid began filtering into the colonies soon after the outbreak of hostilities in 1775, but it was not until the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777 that the French became convinced that the Americans were worth backing in a formal treaty.
On February 6, 1778, the treaties of Amity and Commerce and Alliance were signed, and in May 1778 the Continental Congress ratified them. One month later, war between Britain and France formally began when a British squadron fired on two French ships. During the American Revolution, French naval fleets proved critical in the defeat of the British, which culminated in the Battle of Yorktown in October 1781.[10]
Treaty of Alliance (1778)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Franco_American_treaty_of_alliance_6_feb_1778.jpg/170px-Franco_American_treaty_of_alliance_6_feb_1778.jpg
.jpg)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Franco_American_treaty_1778.jpg/135px-Franco_American_treaty_1778.jpg
Left image: Original Franco-American treaty, signed February 6, 1778 Full text.
Right image: Text of the 1778 Franco-American treaty, in a 1782 publication.
The Treaty of Alliance, also called The Treaty of Alliance with France, was a defensive alliance between France and the United States of America, formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary War, which promised military support in case of attack by British forces indefinitely into the future. Delegates of King Louis XVI of France (grandnephew of the husband of the 1st cousin 9x removed) and the Second Continental Congress, who represented the United States government at this time, signed the treaty along with The Franco-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce at the Hôtel de Crillon in Paris on February 6, 1778[1] formalizing a Franco-American alliance that would technically remain in effect until 1800, and the signing of the Treaty of Mortefontaine,[2] despite being annulled by the United States Congress in 1798[3] and the execution of King Louis XVI during the French Revolution.[11]
1796
January 11—February 6
Andrew Jackson (2nd cousin 8x removed) served in Tennessee Constitutional Convention.
February 6, 1802
Congress empowers President Thomas Jefferson (brother in law of the 1st great grandnephew of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed) to arm United States ships in order to protect themselves against Tripolitan pirates.[12]
March 8, 1802: In the battle of Marengo the Guard transitioned to a battle formation. When Bonaparte became First Consul he wrote that his plans for the Guard were for it to become the model of the entire army. By a new decree of March 8, 1802, Bonaparte supplemented the new organization of the Guard:
“Art. I
In the future the Guard will be made up ... of foot grenadiers and foot chasseurs,
each made up of a staff, with 2 battalions; and each battalion, of 8 companies.
A regiment of horse grenadiers composed of a staff with 4 squadrons of 2 companies each.
A regiment of horse chasseurs, made up temporarily of 2 squadrons, 2 companies each one, with its staff.
A horse artillery squadron, with a staff and company of foot artillery.”
Art. IX
There will be a Company of Veterans, formed of the officers, NCOs and privates who will have served 3 years in the Consular Guard, and have been judged out of shape to continue on active service; their pay will be the same as that of the foot grenadiers."
Art. XXXIII
The soldier intended to belong to the Consular Guard must meet the following conditions, i.e.:
· to be on active service.
· to have made at least 4 campaigns,
· to have obtained rewards granted to brave men by feat of arms or brilliant deed, or to have been wounded
· to be at least 1 meter 8 decimeters (5'6") tall for grenadiers, and at least 1 meter 7 decimeters for the chasseurs
· and to always have held an irreproachable conduct.”
In 1802 Napoleon submitted a permanent schedule of recruitment for Consular Guard: 1 man from each battalion.
"1802 was a wonderful year. During its course Bonaparte filled the French with the 'joy of revival' ... It was the year of the Code, of the general peace ... and of Bonaparte's appointment to the consulate for life. ... Now he was pleased to change the name of the Guard of the Consuls to the 'Consular Guard', or simply 'The Guard.' ... Bonaparte outlined the organizaon as follows: 'The foot Guard shall be composed of two corps containing 2 battalions of grenadiers and two of chasseurs respectively ... ' Though these corps contained but one regiment each, their designation as such indicated that their strength would eventually be increased. Colonel Hulin was given command of the grenadiers. A veteran soldier ... one of the authentic stormers of the Bastille." (Lachoque - "Anatomy of Glory" pp 24-25) [13]
Joseph LeClere (5th great grandfather) was said to have been one of Napolean’s Bodyguards.
1802: The Baker flintlock rifle introduced in England.[14]
[15]
1812
February 6
U.S. declared war on Great Britain [16]
February 6, 1813:
Secretary of War ordered Andrew Jackson's troops dismissed [17]
February 6, 1820: The first organized immigration of freed slaves to Africa from the United States departs New York harbor on a journey to Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa. The immigration was largely the work of the American Colonization Society, a U.S. organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to return freed American slaves to Africa. However, the expedition was also partially funded by the U.S. Congress, which in 1819 had appropriated $100,000 to be used in returning displaced Africans, illegally brought to the United States after the abolishment of the slave trade in 1808, to Africa.
The program was modeled after British's efforts to resettle freed slaves in Africa following England's abolishment of the slave trade in 1772. In 1787, the British government settled 300 former slaves and 70 white prostitutes on the Sierra Leone peninsula in West Africa. Within two years, most members of this settlement had died from disease or warfare with the local Temne people. However, in 1792, a second attempt was made when 1,100 freed slaves, mostly individuals who had supported Britain during the American Revolution and were unhappy with their postwar resettlement in Canada, established Freetown under the leadership of British abolitionist Thomas Clarkson.
During the next few decades, thousands of freed slaves came from Canada, the West Indies, and other parts of West Africa to the Sierra Leone Colony, and in 1820 the first freed slaves from the United States arrived at Sierra Leone. In 1821, the American Colonization Society founded the colony of Liberia south of Sierra Leone as a homeland for freed U.S. slaves outside of British jurisdiction.
Most Americans of African descent were not enthusiastic to abandon their homes in the United States for the West African coast. The American Colonization Society also came under attack from American abolitionists, who charged that the removal of freed slaves from the United States strengthened the institution of slavery. However, between 1822 and the American Civil War, some 15,000 African Americans settled in Liberia, which was granted independence by the United States in 1847 under pressure from Great Britain. Liberia was granted official U.S. diplomatic recognition in 1862. It was the first independent democratic republic in African history.[18]
February 6, 1821: Andrew Jackson attended court at Franklin, Tennessee.[19]
February 6, 1821: William H. Crawford (1772-1834) (7th cousin 7x removed), Secretary of the Treasury and a Jackson adversary, indicated the deficit in his annual report, December 1, 1820. On February 6, 1821, Samuel Smith of Maryland reported for the House Committee on Ways and Means that the committee anticipated no deficit at all, thereby obviating the need for increased revenues, but Congress ultimately authoried the president to borrow $5 million if necessary.[20]
February 6, 1826: The first treaty of Prairie du Chien was signed by William Clark and Lewis Cass for the United States and representatives of the Sioux, Sac and Fox, Menominee, Ioway, Winnebago and the Anishinaabeg (Chippewa and the Council of Three Fires of Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi) on August 19, 1825 and proclaimed on February 6, 1826.
Due to the overall tribal movements toward the western direction under pressure of encroaching settlers, the Sioux Nation resisted and came into conflict with other tribes moving west into their traditional territory. The United States negotiated the treaty to try to reduce inter-tribal warfare.
The treaty begins by establishing peace between the Sioux and their neighbors: Chippewa, Sac and Fox, and Ioway peoples. The treaty continues by demarcating formal boundaries among each of the tribal groups, often called the "Prairie du Chien Line." For peoples accustomed to ranging over a wide area, the Prairie du Chien Line served as a hindrance, as it provided that tribes were to hunt only within their acknowledged limits. Due to the vast scope of the Treaty of Prairie du Chien and the fact that not all of the necessary tribes had representatives at its signing, the treaty provided for additional councils to be held the following year in 1826 (see Treaty of Fond du Lac). Along with these additional councils, the Chippewa agreed to additional meetings.
The US used the series of Prairie du Chien Lines to serve as the land cession boundaries in later treaties.[21]
February 6, 1837: The House of Representatives rules that slaves do not have the right of petition that American citizens have under the Constitution.[22]
November 12, 1826 – February 6, 1840: His Serene Highness Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony. (Husband of the 18th cousin 4x removed).
February 6, 1840 – June 25, 1857: His Royal Highness Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony[1]
Sat. February 6, 1864
No towns but few farms 2 plantations heavy timber arrived at Memphis at 8 pm a nice large town – stayed on boat all night[23]
William Harrison Goodlove (2nd great grandfather) 24th Iowa Infantry
February 6, 1865
General Robert E. Lee (husband of the grandniece of the husband of the wife of the grandnephew of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed) becomes the commander of all Confederate armies.[24]
February 6, 1880: Emmy Gottlieb born April 17, 1914 from Altenhamberg, Germany, and Ida Gottlieb born February 6, 1880 from Hagenback, Germany, were on board Convoy 17.[25]
On August 10, SS Heinrichsohn composed the usual telex for the departure of each train. He addressed it to Eichmann in Berlin, the Inspectore of the KZ at Oranienburg, and the Commandant at Auschwitz. The telex was signed by SS Ahnert of the same anti-Jewish section of the Gestapo. He indicated to the recipients that on that day, at 8:55 AM, the convoy D 901/12 had left the station at Le Bourget-Drancy for Auschwitz, carrying 1,000 Jews under the supervision of Feldwebel Kruger.
This convoy was composed almost entirely (997 on the list by nationality) of German Jews. There were 525 women and 475 men, many of them in their 50’s: 290 women were between ages 46 and 60; 309 men were between ages 45 and 51. There were many couples.
The list is very difficult to read. The family name, first name, dat and place of birth, profession , and nationality are given.
This was the first convoy of Jews from the unoccupied zone who had been handed over by the Vichy authorities to the Nazis. The convoy came from the camp at Gurs, where numerous German Jews had been interned since 1940. It left Gurs for Drancy on August 6 with 1,000 Jews.
On the day the convoy was scheduled to depart, the German Military Command refused to lend further assistance or escorts to the deportation of Jews (XXVb-134). A second document relating to this convoy is XXVb-120 of August 7.
Upon their arrival in Auschwitz, 140 men were left alive and received numbers 58086 through 58225. The women received numbers 16637 through 16736. Seven hundred sixty people were immediately gassed.
To the best of our knowledge, one man, Herbert Fuchs, was the only survivor from this convoy in 1945.[26]
February 6, 1901: Anna Gottlieb, born February 6, 1901, By October 26, 1942 Auschwitz, Ba Transport – Prague Terezin • August 10, 1942 .. 1287 perished, 165 liberated. , 8 destiny request failure[27]Listen
Read phonetically
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Anna Gottliebova born February 6, 1901. By October 26, 1942 Osvetim. Transport Ba – Praha. Terezin 10. srpna 1942.
•
• 1287 zahynulych
• 165 osvobozenych
• 8 osudu nezjisteno[28]
February 6, 1943: Upon arriving in “liberated” Algiers, Churchill discovered that the Vichy laws restricting the rights of the Jews of Algeria were still in force and insisted that they be repealed at once.[29]
February 6, 1943: Himmler received a report on the quantity of garments collected from Birkenau. The list included: 97,000 sets of men's clothing, 76,000 sets of women's clothing, 132,000 men's shirts, 155,000 women's coats and 3,000 kilograms of women's hair. The hair filled an entire railroad car. Children's items included 15,000 overcoats, 11,000 boys' jackets, 9,000 dresses and 22,000 pairs of shoes. The clothing filled 825 freight cars. Included in this inventory was also close to a half of million in American currency and $116,420 dollars in gold.[30]
February 6, 1943: Fifteen trains of deportees reached Birkenau from Holland, Drancy (Paris) and from Berlin. Five thousand on board were gassed.[31]
February 6, 1943: Rutka Laskier, a fourteen year old living in Bedzin, Poland writes in her diary: “Something has broken in Me. When I pass by a German, everything shrinks in me. I don't know whether it is out of fear or hatred. I would like to torture them, their women and children, who set their doggies on us, to beat and strangle them vigorously, more and more. When will this day arrive which Nica talked about ... that's one matter. And now another matter. I think my womanhood has awoken in me. That means, yesterday when I was taking a bath and the water stroked my body, I longed for someone's hands to stroke me ... I didn't know what it was, I have never had such sensations until now ...I met Micka today. I don't know with what these "dubious" lovers attract her, to the point that she refuses to get into a quarrel with them. They are so dazzled by her and think that every boy should be in love with her. Of course, I ascribe this to Janek, but Janek finds her disgusting (I don't know why). I think Janek likes me very much. But it doesn't matter to me, either way. Today, I recalled in detail the day of Aug. 12, 1942. I'll try to describe that day so that in a few years, of course if I'm not deported, I'll be able to remember it. We got up at 4 o'clock in the morning. We had a great breakfast (considering it was wartime): eggs, salad, real butter, coffee with milk. When we were ... ready, it was already half past 5, and then we left. There were thousands of people on the road. Every once in a while we had to stop, in order to let the crowd in front of us proceed. At half past 6, we were in place. We managed to get quite good seats on a bench. We were in a pretty good mood until 9 o'clock. Then I looked beyond the fence and I saw soldiers with machine guns aimed at the square in case someone tried to escape (how could you possibly escape from here?). People fainted, children cried. In short--Judgment Day. People were thirsty, and there was not a single drop of water around ... Then ... it started pouring. The rain didn't stop. At 3 o'clock Kuczynsky arrived and the selection started. "1" meant returning home, "1a" meant going to labor, which was even worse than deportation, "2" meant going for further inspection, and "3" meant deportation, in other words, death. Then I saw what disaster meant. We reported for selection at 4 o'clock. Mom, Dad and my little brother were sent to group 1, and I was sent to 1a. I walked as if I were stunned ... The weirdest thing was that we didn't cry at all, AT ALL ... Later on, I saw many more disasters. I can't put it in words. Little children were lying on the wet grass, the storm raging above our heads. The policemen beat them ferociously and also shot them. I sat there until 1 o'clock at night. Then I ran away. My heart pounded. I jumped out of a window from the first floor of a small building, and nothing happened to me. Only my lips were bitten so bad that they bled ... When I was already on the street, I ran into someone "in uniform," and I felt that I couldn't take it anymore. My head was spinning. I was pretty sure he was going to beat me ... but apparently he was drunk and didn't see the "yellow star," and he let me go.
Around me it was dark like in a closed cabin. From time to time flashes of lightning lightened the sky ... and it thundered. The journey that normally takes me half an hour I did in 10 minutes. Everybody was at home except Grandma, whom Dad released and brought home the next day ...
Oh, I forgot the most important thing. I saw how a soldier tore a baby, who was only a few months old, out of its mother's hands and bashed his head against an electric pylon. The baby's brain splashed on the wood. The mother went crazy. I am writing this as if nothing has happened. As if I were in an army experienced in cruelty. But I'm young, I'm 14, and I haven't seen much in my life, and I'm already so indifferent. Now I am terrified when I see "uniforms." I'm turning into an animal waiting to die ...Now to everyday matters: Janek came by this afternoon. We had to sit in the kitchen ... I told him that I had given away all my photographs. He got very upset. We were joking around; we spoke about "Nica and the gang." While we were talking he suddenly blurted out he'd like it very much if he could kiss me. I said "maybe" and continued the conversation. He was a bit confused; he thought I was Tusia or Hala Zelinger. I would have allowed [myself] to be kissed only by the person I loved, and I feel indifferent towards him. Then Dad sent me to deal with something. I had to leave. Janek accompanied me. While going downstairs I asked him, is kissing such a pleasant thing? And then I told him that I had already kissed before, what a taste it has (that's completely true). He burst out laughing. (He has a nice laugh, I must admit.) He said he was curious too. Maybe, but I won't let him kiss me. I'm afraid it would destroy something beautiful, pure ... I'm also afraid that I'll be very disappointed.” For more about a young Jewess who has been compared to Anne Frank, another diary writer see:
http://judicial-inc.biz/6_5_rutka_laskier.htm[32]
February 6, 1943: Wary of his growing antiwar attitude, Benito Mussolini removes Count Galeazzo Ciano, his son-in-law, as head of Italy's foreign ministry and takes over the duty himself.
Ciano had been loyal to the fascist cause since its inception, having taking part in the march on Rome in 1922, which marked the Black Shirts' rise to power in Italy. He graduated from the University of Rome with a degree in law, and then went to work as a journalist. Soon thereafter he began a career in Italy's diplomatic corps, working as consul general in China. He married Mussolini's daughter, Edda, in 1930; from there it was a swift climb up the political ladder: from chief of the press bureau to member of the Fascist Grand Council, Mussolini's inner circle of advisers.
Ciano flew a bombing raid against Ethiopia in 1935-36 and was made foreign minister upon his return to Rome. Both because of his experience in foreign affairs and personal relationship to the Duce, Ciano became Mussolini's right-hand man and likely successor. It was Ciano who promoted an Italian alliance with Germany, despite Mussolini's virtual contempt for Hitler. Ciano began to suspect the Fuhrer's loyalty to the "Pact of Steel"--a term Mussolini used to describe the alliance between Germany and Italy--when Germany invaded Poland without consulting its Axis partner, despite an agreement to the contrary Ciano made with his German counterpart, Joachim von Ribbentrop. Despite his concern about Germany's loyalty, he felt that Italy stood to profit nicely from an alliance with the "winning side," so when France fell to the Germans, Ciano advocated Italian participation in the war against the Allies.
After humiliating defeats in Greece and North Africa, Ciano began arguing for a peace agreement with the Allies. Mussolini considered this defeatist--and dismissed him as foreign minister, taking control of that office himself. Ciano became ambassador to the Vatican until he and other members of the Grand Council finally pushed Mussolini out of power in July 1943. Mussolini never forgave his son-in-law for what he later considered a betrayal. Ciano soon fled Rome for the north when the new provisional government began preparing charges of embezzlement against him. Ciano unwittingly fled into the arms of pro-fascist forces in northern Italy and was charged with treason. He was executed on January 11, 1944 on his father-in-law's orders--Mussolini was installed in a puppet government that had been set up by the Germans. Ciano's diaries, which contained brutally frank and sardonic commentaries on the personalities of the war era, are considered an invaluable part of the historical record.[33]
February 6, 1943: Rothke sent a telex to Berlin and the SiPo-SD in Metz (XXVc-203 and 204) to the effect that there would be a third convoy in February, on the 13th, that it would leave at 10:15 AM and carry 1,000 Jews. The deportation of French Jews imprisoned for offenses was scheduled as part of this convoy (see Convoys 46 and 47.
This convoy was composed exclusively of French Jews who had resided in the Paris region. In fact, the title is “list of a thousand French.” There were 466 males, 519 females, and 15 undetermined. Almost 300 were under 21: 150 were under 18. This list is in very poor condition. Perforations by the file container meant that some names had to be reconstructed. The list is divided into three sublists.
1. Drancy/Stairway 2—388 names. There were many families.
2. Drancy/Stairway 1—340 names.
3. Drancy Stairway 3—263 names.
On board Convoy 48 was Fernande Gottlieb born June 25, 1909 from Paris, France, Meyer Gottlieb born April 15, 1881 from Paris, France, and Rosa Gottlieb, born April 20, 1881, from Paris, France. [34]
February 6, 1952: Princess Elizabeth had to take on royal duties as her father’s health deteriorated due to the stress of war and his heavy smoking. George VI died from a coronary thrombosis February 6, 1952 at Sandringham House in Norfolk. After his funeral, he was interred in St George’s Chapel, Windsor, where he was joined in 2002 by his wife, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. The ashes of his daughter, Princess Margaret, were also interred in the Chapel after her death in 2002.[35]
February 6, 1952: Queen Elizabeth II (10th cousin 1x removed) became Queen of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth Realms on 6th February 1952, when her father George VI died. She is still the reigning monarch and her other titles include Paramount Chief of Fiji, Duke of Normandy, Lord of Mann and Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
At time of writing (2009), she has reigned for 57 years making her one of the longest reigning monarchs in the history of Britain. Her reign has seen the continuation of the dissolution of the British Empire and the subsequent formation of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The Queen is married to Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, who was a royal prince of Denmark and Greece, The couple have four children: Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward, and also eight grandchildren.
Read more: http://www.victoriafiles.com/resources/british-history-timelines/house-of-windsor/#ixzz2N65w4FVX[36]
August 15, 1950 – February 6, 1952: Her Royal Highness Princess Anne of Edinburgh
February 6, 1952 – November 14, 1973: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne[37] (11th cousin)
February 6, 1952 – March 30, 2002: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
Early 1953: In early 1953, with the ascendancy of the Eisenhower administration, two brothers, the Dulles brothers, came to dominate foreign policy decisions. John Foster Dulles became Secretary of State while his brother, Allen Dulles, became director of the CIA. Allen Dulles was a founding member of the Council on Foreign Relations and was a director of the CFR from 1927 to 1969,[1] while John Foster Dulles had joined the Council in the 1930s, and was a career diplomat and Wall Street lawyer.[2] In 1953, the Dulles brothers both worked and lobbied Eisenhower for the removal of Mossadeq from Iran,[3] and subsequently, the CIA and SIS worked together to enact the plan and overthrew the Iranian government.[4][38]
February 6, 2002: In December 2001, aged 101, the Queen Mother had a fall in which she fractured her pelvis. Even so, she insisted on standing for the National Anthem during the memorial service for her husband on February 6, the following year.[117] Just three days later, her second daughter Princess Margaret died.[39] (10th cousin 1x removed).
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] www.wikipedia.org
[3] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[4] Article in Volume: 31 Issue: 2 The Historian as Philosopher - Herodotus and the Strength of Freedom, 500 Years of the Spanish Inquisition. http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=12342&aid=&tgid=&amid=12342&g12342=x&g9072=x&g30026=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x,,spanish inquisition. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 18, 2006, from Reference.com website: http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition
http://www.freewebs.com/bubadutep75/
[5] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[6] http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=anne
[7] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, page 99.
[8] [edit] See also
•List of treaties
[edit] References
1.^ Model Treaty (1776)
2.^ Model Treaty (1776)
3.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
4.^ Model Treaty (1776
5.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
6.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
7.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
8.^ French Alliance, French Assistance, and European diplomacy during the American Revolution, 1778–1782
9.^ PERSPECTIVE on the FRENCH-AMERICAN ALLIANCE
10.^ "Treaty of Amity and Commerce: 1778 – Hunter Miller's Notes," The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. [1]
11.^ Mary A. Giunta, ed., Documents of the Emerging Nation: U.S. Foreign Relations, 1775–1789 (Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1998), 59.
12.^ "Hunter Miller's Notes."
[edit] Sources
Giunta, Mary A., ed. Documents of the Emerging Nation: U.S. Foreign Relations 1775–1789. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1998.
Middlekauff, Robert. The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
"Treaty of Amity and Commerce," The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/. Accessed March 30, 2008.
"Treaty of Amity and Commerce: 1778 – Hunter Miller's Notes,"The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/. Accessed March 30, 2008.
[9] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[10] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/franco-american-alliances-signed
[11] Wikipedia
[12] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[13] http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/IMPERIAL_GUARD_infantry_1.htm
[14] http://www.talonsite.com/tlineframe.htm
[15] http://www.wnpt.org/productions/rachel/timeline/1791_1811.html
[16] http://www.wnpt.org/productions/rachel/timeline/1812_1823.html
[17] http://www.wnpt.org/productions/rachel/timeline/1812_1823.html
[18] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/freed-us-slaves-depart-on-journey-to-africa
[19] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824
[20] Annals of Congress, 16th congress, 2nd session.
[21] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien
[22] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[23] Weather cloudy and cold stoped twice today and got wood the boys got off the boat and had a big time and one boy fooling with a pistol shot himself and another boy through their hands. (Rollins Diary) http://ipserv2.aea14.k12.ia.us/iacivilwar/Resources/rollins diary.htm
[24] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[25] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld. Page 142.
[26] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld. Page 140.
[27] • Terezín Memorial book, the Jewish victims of Nazi Deportations from Bohemia and Moravia 1941-1945 part of the second
[28] Terezinska Pametni Kniha, Zidovske Obeti Nacistickych Deportaci Z Cech A Moravy 1941-1945 Dil Druhy
[29] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[30] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[31] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[32] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[33] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mussolini-fires-his-son-in-law
[34] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 377.
[35] Read more: http://www.victoriafiles.com/resources/british-history-timelines/house-of-windsor/#ixzz2N62LCRAa[35]
[36] http://www.victoriafiles.com/resources/british-history-timelines/house-of-windsor/
[37] Wikipedia
[38] http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-national-security-state-and-the-assassination-of-jfk/22071
[39] Wikipedia
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