https://www.facebook.com/ThisDayInGoodloveHistory
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Jeff-Goodlove/323484214349385
Join me on http://www.linkedin.com/
Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
“Jacob’s Legacy, A Genetic View of Jewish History” by David B. Goldstein
James C. Allen (3rd cousin 1x removed)
Marth Bacon (3rd great grandaunt)
Layde E. Baird Cagle (1st cousin 2x removed of the wife of the 2nd cousin 7x removed).
Lydia J. Brown Andrews (mother in law of the 1st great granduncle)
Hannah Close
Mary D. Connell Carter (half 3rd cousin 4x removed)
Daisy R. Dunlap Kruse (wife of the 1st great granduncle)
John C. Godlove
Louis H. GODLOVE
George W. Moreland (5th cousin 2x removed)
John Morris (husband of the 2nd cousin 3x removed)
February 28, 1747: Benedict XIV issued Postremomens, a Papal Bull that deals with the baptism of Jews.[1]
February 28, 1760: Robert Thrap b: 1728 in Baltimore Co., MD. d: February 26, 1808 in Muskingum Co. OH.
. +Elizabeth Hilton b: August 9, 1743 in Baltimore Co. MD m: February 28, 1760 in Baltimore County, MD d: Unknown in Muskingum Co.,[2] [3]
*To WILLIAM PRESTON[4]
Mount Vernon, February 28, 1774.
Sir: I took the liberty before I left Williamsburg (at least the nighbourhood of it, about the 1st. of December last) to adhess a pretty long Letter to Col. Andw. Lewis respecting my claims under the Proclamation of 1763. I also Inclos’d him a survey made by Captn. Crawford (6th great greandfather) upon the Great Kanhawa t the Mouth of Cole River, as a Location for the returnd the Warrant and Survey (Inclosed) [ ] me; which for want )f oppy., I have never [ ] in my power of sending till now, hat it goes by Express in hopes of obtaining such a Certificate or the Secretarys Office, as will enable me to procure my Patent rorn thence immediately.
The Reason’s for my Inclining to take this Land (which I am old is far from being of the first quality) are candidly these. .t lyes in the [ ] (that is Col. Lewis) as I had only heard, )Ut was upon no certainty of your being at the Oyer Court, (if ie thought there was no impropriety in it, and I saw none) to ~et the favour of you to give me a Certificate of this Survey, hat I might, for the Reasons I then gave him, and shall mentIon to you,obtain a Patent for it immediately; The Colo.wrote ~e that you were obliging enough to promise that but, as the .MUncil came to a Resolution to permit the Officers to Survey
heir Lands in thousand Acre [ ] might alter my Plan; and
Ilerefore [ ] in the desird dispatch [ I by being con~gUously [?]undirected, in order [ ] latitude this [ ] Otfles in like [ ]to you; which you [will] please to direct
executed, and not be [ ] In order to explain the
fteason of this [ ] (now Inclos’d to you) appearing as
-1200,000 Acres, I must observe, that some [part] of the Work being done by Captn. Crawford [him] self, and some by his Deputy, they did not [ ] that they had, between them:
over run their quantity till after this Survey, and one other opposite to it, on the Kanhawa (which I am now applying for in Botetourt) were made. In short the mistake would not, I believe, have been discover’d at all; if it had not been for me, when I came to compare the different Tracts, in order to the allotment of them. this other Tract, in Botetourt, contains i8 Acres less than 3000; and it is very unlucky for me (as I obtain’d my Warrants before the Indulgence of Surveying in 1000 Acre Lots) that I am obliged to send my own Warrant for ~ooo to that County, in order to secure that Tract, as I do not know where any more Land in that district is to be had; and want to shift the remaining 2000 into Fincastle; which I must yet do, as Captn. Bullett has off er’d me a Tract Surveyed by him about twenty odd Miles from the Falls of Ohio, and of[f] from it upon Salt River Including a Salt Pond. this Tract, thus Circumstanced; I beg the favour of you to [enter] in my name; as I will contrive to have [ ] Warrant for Bot[etourt] [
[Captn.] Bullett has either neglected to furnish me with a minute description of the spot, with a Plot agreeable to his promise; or, his Letter has [mis]carried; as he agreed before his Brother [to let me] have the Land upon certain conditions [ ] were then concluded upon; to the best [ ] collection, the above, is the assistance of [ ] [5] than the Fabls,as well as [a] little wide of it, upon the River above mention’d. I shall add no more than my hopes of having my business done agreeably to the requests herein contain’d, and to wish you an agreeable Season for the accomplishment of your business, being with very great esteem, etc.[6]
February 28, 1782: George Washington (grandnephew of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed) did not perfect this title to Great Meadows until after the Revolution, when on February 28, 1782 he secured a patent for tract called “Mt Washington, situate on the east side of Laurel Hill where Braddock’s Road crosses the Great Meadows, formerly Bedford County, now in the county of Westmoreland, containing 234 ½ acres.” This patent is recorded in Fayette Countyl Pennsylvania, in “Deed book 507,” page 458 and shows a consideration of ₤33 15s. 6d.[7] Washington did not, secure a patent for the Great Meadows tract of two hundred thirty-four acres until February 28, 1782, when he paid the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ₤33 15s. and 8d. for it. William Brooks had applied for the tract June 13, 1769, after the Penns opened their land office and Washington bought his interest in the application on October 17, 1771. [8]
February 28, 1784: On this day in 1784, John Wesley charters the first Methodist Church in the United States. Despite the fact that he was an Anglican, Wesley saw the need to provide church structure for his followers after the Anglican Church abandoned its American believers during the American Revolution.
Wesley first brought his evangelical brand of methodical Anglicanism to colonial Georgia from 1735 to 1737 in the company of his brother Charles, with whom he had founded the ascetic Holy Club at Oxford University. This first venture onto American soil was not a great success. Wesley became embittered from a failed love affair and was unable to win adherents to his studious practices. However, while in Georgia, he became acquainted with the German Moravians, who hoped to establish a settlement in the colony. The meeting proved momentous, as it was at a Moravian meeting upon his return to London that Wesley felt he had a true experience of God's grace.
While closely allied to the Moravians, Wesley began taking the advice of fellow Oxford graduate George Whitfield and preaching in the open air when banned from Anglican churches for his unorthodox evangelical methods. By 1739, Wesley had separated himself from the Moravians and attracted his own group of adherents, known as Methodists, who were held in disdain by the orthodox Anglican clerical and civic hierarchy. By 1744, the Methodists had become a large enough group to require their own conference of ministers, which expanded to create an internal hierarchy, replicating some of the Anglican Church's ecclesiastical order.
Wesley, however, remained within the Anglican fold and insisted that only ministers who had received the apostolic succession--the laying on of hands by an Anglican bishop to consecrate a new priest--could administer the sacraments. The refusal of the Anglican church to ordain Dr. Thomas Coke to preach to Americans newly independent from the British State Church, finally forced Wesley to ordain within his own Methodist conference in the absence of a proper Anglican bishop. He performed the laying on of hands and not only ordained Coke as the superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America but also commissioned him to ordain Francis Asbury as his co-superintendent.[9]
February 28, 1786: Great Britain informed John Adams (8th cousin 4x removed of the wife of the 1st cousin 10x removed) that it would not vacate its occupancy of the forts on American territory untiol the Americans had compiled with the provisions of the Peace Treaty that the Loyalists be treated fairly and that impediments to the collection of debts owed to British subjects be removed.[10]
February 28, 1787: The state legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted Hugh Henry Breckenridge a charter for a school that is now known as the University of Pittsburgh.[11]
February 28, 1799: Napoleon, the first European leader to meet with Jewish leaders in Palestine, led his army out of Gaza and headed for Ramallah.[12] Ancestor Joseph LeClere (5th great grandfather) was part of Napoleon’s Elite Body Guard unit.
February 28, 1819, BENJAMIN WELLS TO JAMES M. VARMAN, JUSTICE,
WASHINGTON, D.C.
City of Washington, DC Benj. Wells being duly sworn dportanl and saith that he became acquainted with Col. Wm. Crafford in the year 1767 and this deponant deporth that William Crafford (aforesaid) was then a Indian and then called Captain Crafford and this deponant deposith that he thinks sometime in the year of 1776 the aforesaid William Crafford was appointed a Col. in the army of the U.S. and that Colonel William Craftord was very active in raising the 13th Virginia Rgt which Regt. was sometimes afterwards commanded by Col. Wm. Crafford and this deponant was an issue in Commesary in the U.S. Srvice, in the year 1779; and that Col. Wm. Craffors was at that time in the service of the United States and this deponant deporeth that same time before Col. Crafford was ordered against the ndians. He Cal Crafford was called Gen. Crafford and he further deporeth that he always considered Cal Crafford in the Services of the U.S. from the year 1776 until the year 1782 & 83 when this deponant understood that the aforesaid Cal. Crafford was killed by the ndians and this isponent deporeth that he was appointed the attorney ~o settle the estate of Cal. Crafford (by this Col. Crafford Exeses and ~bat had his House burned at the time of the Western and that same Cal. Crafford papers was burned and this deponent deporeth ~at he is acquainted with Sarah Springer and ________ McCormick ~m and dark and not readable).
next page) and further this deponant sayeth not and __________
.van before me one of the Justices of the City aforesaid given under
—~ hand this 28 day of Feb 1819.
Benj Wells[13]
February 28, 1819
James M. Varman
I do certify that I have been acquainted Benj. W. Wells for a number
years and consider him a reliable Witness given under my hand this 28th day of Feb. 1819.[14]
February 28, 1821: Congress passed land relief act allowing adjustments in the terms of purchase of public lands; became law March 2.[15]
February 28, 1822: Andrew Jackson (2nd cousin 9x removed) ordered dismissal of Stephen Sharrock as overseer at Big Spring farm.[16]
February 28, 1824: Nashville Republican, strongly supportive of Jackson’s presidential candidacy, commenced publication, replacing the Constitutional Advocate. [17]
February 28, 1854: ARMINIA28 CRAWFORD (4th cousin 4x removed) (JEPTHA M.27, VALENTINE "VOL"26, JOSEPH "JOSIAH"25, VALENTINE24, VALENTINE23, WILLIAM22, MAJOR GENERAL LAWRENCE21, HUGH20, HUGH19, CAPTAIN THOMAS18, LAWRENCE17, ROBERT16, MALCOLM15, MALCOLM14, ROGER13, REGINALD12, JOHN, JOHN, REGINALD DE CRAWFORD, HUGH OR JOHN, GALFRIDUS, JOHN, REGINALD5, REGINALD4, DOMINCUS3 CRAWFORD, REGINALD2, ALAN1) was born 1838. She married CHARLES SELVEY February 28, 1854 in Jackson county, Missouri.
Marriage Notes for ARMINIA CRAWFORD and CHARLES SELVEY:
Married by Richard M. Smith
Children of ARMINIA CRAWFORD and CHARLES SELVEY are:
i. JEPTHA29 SELVEY.
ii. LEWIS FRANKLIN SELVEY, b. Blue Springs, Jackson County, Missouri; d. March 1924; m. NORA VINYARD.
iii. WILLIAM ROLAND SELVEY. [18]
February 28, 1861: The election of delegates was scheduled for February 28, 1861. The delegate from Yancey to the Convention of 1861 was Milton Pinkney Penland 1813-1880), a merchant who usually refused political preferment, who was known as a conservative man in politics, but who was a pronounced secessionist after the election of Lincoln, McCormick, Personnel, pp. 66=67. In the election of February 28, 1861, the people voted down a convention, and Penland was elected later to represent Yancy County. .[19][20]
Sun. February 28, 1864
Took a walk in algears with D. Hale
Heard a niger preach had a good time.
Saw a brittish flag. Wrote a letter home
Felt sick[21] in evening. Took a wash a river in the morning
William Harrison Goodlove (2nd great grandfather) Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry[22]
February 28, 1865: Some distance from the first two markers:
Infant, February 15, 1865, February 28, 1865
Infant, February 14, 1862, February 20, 1862.
Sons of C. and M. Taylor. [23]
February 28, 1869: John S Winans., born July 11, 1832, died February 28, 1869;[24]
1-5-5-1-1-4-3
JOHN SIMMONS WINANS (brother in law of the 2nd great grandfather) b July 11, 1832 in Miami Co., Ohio d February 28, 1869 at Springville, Iowa md Matilda Kemp. No further data. [25]
February 28, 1872: On the last day of February 28, 1872, two days after the thanksgiving service, 17-year-old Arthur O'Connor (great-nephew of Irish MP Feargus O'Connor) waved an unloaded pistol at Queen Victoria's (18th cousin 4x removed) open carriage just after she had arrived at Buckingham Palace. Brown, who was attending the Queen, grabbed him and O'Connor was later sentenced to 12 months' imprisonment.[137] As a result of the incident, Victoria's popularity recovered further.[138][26]
February 28, 1892: Thomas Franklin Nix (b. February 28, 1892 / d. December 28, 1960 in AL).[27]
Thomas Franklin Nix14 [Marion F. Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b.February 28, 1892 / d. December 28, 1960 in AL) married Velma E. Smith (b. June 7, 1896 / d. July 19, 1973 in AL), the daughter of Papa Smith and Mamma Shaddrix.[28]
February 28, 1911: Carter Harrison Jr (9th cousin 4x removed) terms as Mayor of Chicago: 5th term: February 28, 1911 (primary) Defeated Edward F. Dunne & Andrew J. Graham. [29]
February 28, 1931: William Crawford STEPHENSON (half 3rd cousin 5x removed) . Born on April 18, 1845 in Dewitt, Carroll County, Missouri. William Crawford died in Keytsville, Chariton County, Missouri on February 28, 1931; he was 85. Buried in Bethel Cemetery, Keytsville, Howard County, Missouri.
Copy of Obituary included in Mabel Hoover Papers (unknown publication), transcribed by Robert E. Francis, November 2, 2000:
Wm. C. Stephenson Answers Final Bugle
Prominent Pioneer Citizen and Former Confederate Passed Away
Wm. Crawford Stephenson, son of Marcus and Kathryn Stephenson, was born in Carroll County, near DeWitt, Mo., April 10, 1845 and died February 28, 1931, near Keytesville, Mo., age 85 years, 10 months and 18 days. At the age of 3 years his mother died and he was cared for by his older sisters. When he was 18 years old he joined the Confederate Army and served under General Sterling Price until the close of the war.
On December 21, 1879, he was married to Martha A. Jenkins. To this union six children were born: of the home; Roy, Watertown, South Dakota; Mrs. Stella Mauzey, Mendon; and Mrs. Arbelle Beebe of Marceline. Seven grandchildren also survive.
Only one brother of the family is left to mourn his death, Tolbert Stephenson, all others passing away several years ago.
Mr. Stephenson joined the Methodist church about 45 years ago.
He was a good and kindly neighbor and will be sorely missed.
Rev. Lynn of Huntsville, conducted the funeral services at Bethel church Monday afternoon in the presence of a large concourse of friends and neighbors. Thus ends the earthly life of one of (remainder missing).
-----
Notes alongside obituary handwritten by Mabel Hoover:
“Wm. Crawford Stephenson entered the Civil War 1863 until the close 1865. Pvt. under Gen. Sterling Price. Confederate Army in Tex.”
On December 21, 1879 when William Crawford was 34, he married Martha A. JENKINS. Born on January 20, 1859 in Keytesville, Missouri. Martha A. died in Keytesville, Missouri on April 22, 1925; she was 66.
They had the following children:
i. Charles Marcus. Born on August 25, 1880 in Chariton County, Missouri. Charles Marcus died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on August 24, 1883; he was 2. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri.
ii. James Augustus. Born on April 1, 1884 in Triplett, Chariton County, Missouri. James Augustus died in Marecline, Linn County, Missouri on February 15, 1959; he was 74.
23 iii. Stella Verlea (1892-1964)
iv. William Roy. Born on September 12, 1888 in Near Keytesville, Missouri. William Roy died in Watertown, South Dakota on August 15, 1972; he was 83.
William Roy married Lilly Viola STROUP.
24 v. Jodie Arbelle (1899-1986) [30]
February 28, 1940: The British adopted the MacDonald White Paper that included restriction of sale of Arab land to Jews in Eretz Yisrael. This document nearly voided the Balfour Declaration[31]
February 28, 1941:
Maud Agness Bowes-Lyon
1870
February 28, 1941
Not married
No issue
(8th cousin 3x removed)
[32]
February 28, 1942: Nancy Anne Crawford Connell Mounts
•(half 1st cousin 6x removed) Memorial
•
Birth:
December 27, 1767
Westmoreland County
Pennsylvania, USA
Death:
February 28, 1842
Switzerland County
Indiana, USA
Daughter of James Connell and Anne Crawford
Married Thomas Mounts 1785 Fayette County, PA
Burial:
Lostetter Cemetery
Switzerland County
Indiana, USA
Created by: Jackie W.
Record added: May 24, 2008
Find A Grave Memorial# 27043732
Cemetery Photo
Added by: Bob Shannon
[33]
February 28, 1943: Norwegian soldiers sabotage the Norsk Hydro Power Station, in Telemark, being used by the Germans to make “heavy water,” vital to atomic research.[34]
February 28, 1947: British naval forces seized 1,398 “illegal” Jewish immigrants today.[35]
• February 28, 1953 : “We’ve discovered the secret of life.”
Francis Crick on possibly the greatest scientific discovery of all time, the structure of DNA.[36] February 25, On this day in 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Frances H.C. Crick announce that they have determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes.
Though DNA--short for deoxyribonucleic acid--was discovered in 1869, its crucial role in determining genetic inheritance wasn't demonstrated until 1943. In the early 1950s, Watson and Crick were only two of many scientists working on figuring out the structure of DNA. California chemist Linus Pauling suggested an incorrect model at the beginning of 1953, prompting Watson and Crick to try and beat Pauling at his own game. On the morning of February 28, they determined that the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. According to their findings, DNA replicated itself by separating into individual strands, each of which became the template for a new double helix. In his best-selling book, The Double Helix (1968), Watson later claimed that Crick announced the discovery by walking into the nearby Eagle Pub and blurting out that "we had found the secret of life." The truth wasn’t that far off, as Watson and Crick had solved a fundamental mystery of science--how it was possible for genetic instructions to be held inside organisms and passed from generation to generation.
Watson and Crick's solution was formally announced on April 25, 1953, following its publication in that month’s issue of Nature magazine. The article revolutionized the study of biology and medicine. Among the developments that followed directly from it were pre-natal screening for disease genes; genetically engineered foods; the ability to identify human remains; the rational design of treatments for diseases such as AIDS; and the accurate testing of physical evidence in order to convict or exonerate criminals.
Crick and Watson later had a falling-out over Watson's book, which Crick felt misrepresented their collaboration and betrayed their friendship. A larger controversy arose over the use Watson and Crick made of research done by another DNA researcher, Rosalind Franklin, whose colleague Maurice Wilkins showed her X-ray photographic work to Watson just before he and Crick made their famous discovery. When Crick and Watson won the Nobel Prize in 1962, they shared it with Wilkins. Franklin, who died in 1958 of ovarian cancer and was thus ineligible for the award, never learned of the role her photos played in the historic scientific breakthrough. [37]
February 28, 1961 The Second Secretary of the American Embassy in Moscow,
Richard Snyder, replies to a letter from Oswald requesting that he be allowed to return to the
U.S. Snyder writes that Oswald will have to appear at the Embassy personally to discuss his
plans. [38]
February 28, 1962
Oswald’s Diary: Feb 28. I go to registra (as prespibed by law) the baby. I want her
name to be June Marina Oswald. But those Beaurecrats say her middle name must be the
same as my first. A Russian custom support by a law. I refuse to have her name written as
"June Lee." They promise to call the city ministry (city hall) and find out in this case since I
do have an U.S. passport. [39]
February 28, 1963: Nine are arrested in plot to kill France’s Premier Pompidou.
Today, after two years in office, JFK introduces his first civil rights bill, a voting rights
bill. Its principal provision asserts that a sixth-grade education will be considered proof of
literacy in voting matters. The idea is to get around the more outrageous Southern registrars,
who enforce such literacy tests by asking Negro voters to read and interpret the Constitution of
the United States, article by article. However, JFK askes his most vocal civil rights advocate,
Senator Hubert Humphrey, to stop talking about a comprehensive civil rights bill. JFK: “When I
feel that there’s necessity for a congressional action with a chance of getting that congressional action, then
I will recommend it to the Congress.” In a more relaxed moment with his own aides, JFK remarks:
“We go up there with that and they’ll piss all over us.” [40]
February 28, 1991: Kuwait is liberated and a cease fire is declared February 28. Peace terms require Iraq to rid itself of weapons of mass destruction, a failure to do so is cited as the reason for a U.S. led invasion in March 2003.[41]
February 28, 2001: Judy Siegel. "Genetic kohanim descent claims disputed." The Jerusalem Post (February 28, 2001). Excerpts:
"...Avshalom Zoossmann-Diskin (Ph.D.)... recently published an article in the German-language Journal of Comparative Human Biology that attempts to casts doubt on Skorecki's study. Zoossmann-Diskin, who during the 1990s worked in the laboratory of Tel Aviv University geneticist Prof. Batsheva Bonne-Tamir, concludes that studies of kohanim are 'problematic and arrive at conclusions are not supported by all available data.'... Asked to comment yesterday, Skorecki said that Zoossmann-Diskin repeatedly attacked his findings until four years ago, 'but we have not heard from him since. He presented an article to Nature, but when we were asked by the editor to explain, our arguments were accepted, and Zoossmann-Diskin's article was not published.'..."
February 28, 2012:
New evidence suggests Stone Age hunters from Europe discovered America - Americas - World - The Independent
TUESDAY FEBRUARY 28, 2012
New evidence suggests Stone Age hunters from Europe discovered America
New archaeological evidence suggests that America was first discovered by Stone Age people from Europe – 10,000 years before the Siberian-originating ancestors of the American Indians set foot in the New World.
A remarkable series of several dozen European-style stone tools, dating back between 19,000 and 26,000 years, have been discovered at six locations along the US east coast. Three of the sites are on the Delmarva Peninsular in Maryland, discovered by archaeologist Dr Darrin Lowery of the University of Delaware. One is in Pennsylvania and another in Virginia. A sixth was discovered by scallop-dredging fishermen on the seabed 60 miles from the Virginian coast on what, in prehistoric times, would have been dry land.
The new discoveries are among the most important archaeological breakthroughs for several decades - and are set to add substantially to our understanding of humanity's spread around the globe.
The similarity between other later east coast US and European Stone Age stone tool technologies has been noted before. But all the US European-style tools, unearthed before the discovery or dating of the recently found or dated US east coast sites, were from around 15,000 years ago - long after Stone Age Europeans (the Solutrean cultures of France and Iberia) had ceased making such artefacts. Most archaeologists had therefore rejected any possibility of a connection. But the newly-discovered and recently-dated early Maryland and other US east coast Stone Age tools are from between 26,000 and 19,000 years ago - and are therefore contemporary with the virtually identical western European material.
What’s more, chemical analysis carried out last year on a European-style stone knife found in Virginia back in 1971 revealed that it was made of French-originating flint.
Professor Dennis Stanford, of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, and Professor Bruce Bradley of the University of Exeter, the two leading archaeologists who have analysed all the evidence, are proposing that Stone Age people from Western Europe migrated to North America at the height of the Ice Age by travelling (over the ice surface and/or by boat) along the edge of the frozen northern part of the Atlantic. They are presenting their detailed evidence in a new book - Across Atlantic Ice – published this month.
At the peak of the Ice Age, around three million square miles of the North Atlantic was covered in thick ice for all or part of the year.
However, the seasonally shifting zone where the ice ended and the open ocean began would have been extremely rich in food resources – migrating seals, sea birds, fish and the now-extinct northern hemisphere penguin-like species, the great auk.
Stanford and Bradley have long argued that Stone Age humans were quite capable of making the 1500 mile journey across the Atlantic ice - but till now there was comparatively little evidence to support their thinking.
But the new Maryland, Virginia and other US east coast material, and the chemical tests on the Virginian flint knife, have begun to transform the situation. Now archaeologists are starting to investigate half a dozen new sites in Tennessee, Maryland and even Texas – and these locations are expected to produce more evidence.
Another key argument for Stanford and Bradley’s proposal is the complete absence of any human activity in north-east Siberia and Alaska prior to around 15,500 years ago. If the Maryland and other east coast people of 26,000 to 19,000 years ago had come from Asia, not Europe, early material, dating from before 19,000 years ago, should have turned up in those two northern areas, but none have been found.
Although Solutrean Europeans may well have been the first Americans, they had a major disadvantage compared to the Asian-originating Indians who entered the New World via the Bering Straits or along the Aleutian Islands chain after 15,500 years ago.
Whereas the Solutreans had only had a 4500 year long ‘Ice Age’ window to carry out their migratory activity, the Asian-originating Indians had some 15,000 years to do it. What’s more, the latter two-thirds of that 15 millennia long period was climatologically much more favourable and substantially larger numbers of Asians were therefore able to migrate.
As a result of these factors the Solutrean (European originating) Native Americans were either partly absorbed by the newcomers or were substantially obliterated by them either physically or through competition for resources.
Some genetic markers for Stone Age western Europeans simply don’t exist in north- east Asia – but they do in tiny quantities among some north American Indian groups. Scientific tests on ancient DNA extracted from 8000 year old skeletons from Florida have revealed a high level of a key probable European-originating genetic marker. There are also a tiny number of isolated Native American groups whose languages appear not to be related in any way to Asian-originating American Indian peoples.
But the greatest amount of evidence is likely to come from under the ocean – for most of the areas where the Solutreans would have stepped off the Ice onto dry land are now up to 100 miles out to sea.
The one underwater site that has been identified - thanks to the scallop dredgers – is set to be examined in greater detail this summer – either by extreme-depth divers or by remotely operated mini submarines equipped with cameras and grab arms.
[42]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2]
[3] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/u/d/Penny-J-Gudgeon/ODT6-0001.html
[4] Where blanks occur between brackets manuscript is mutilated and indecipherable.
[5] From a greatly mutilated original in the possession of Miss Nelly Campbell Preston, of Seven Mile Ford, Va., in 1930.
[6] The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, Editor, Volume 3.
[7] Diaries of George Washington, University Press of Virginia, 1978
[8] Annals of Southwesten Pennsylvania by Lewis Clark Walkinshaw, Vol. I pg. 355.
[9] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-wesley-charters-first-methodist-church-in-us
[10] The Northern Light, Vol 17, No. 1 January 1986, “1786-Prelude to Nationhood by Alphonse Cerza, page 4.
[11] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[12] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[13] The Brothers Crawford, Scholl
[14] The Brothers Crawford, Allen W. Scholl
[15] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824
[16] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824
[17] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824
[18] Crawford Coat of Arms
[19] A. L. S. Z. B. Vance Papers, State Department of Archives and History, Raleigh
[20] The Papers of Zebulon Baird Vance, Edited by Frontis W. Johnston, page 96.
[21] There were 6 million cases of disease in the Federal armies, which meant that, on an average, every man was sick at least twice. Civil War 2010 Calendar
[22] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[23] (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett pge. 454.21)
[24] Brown Township, p 735 is in History of Linn County, Iowa, published 1878 by Western Historical Company, Chicago. IL.
[25] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[26] Wikipedia
[27] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.
[28] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe
[29] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~harrisonrep/harrbios/carterharr4IL.htm
[30] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[31] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[32] Wikipedia
[33] http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=27043732
[34] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[35] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[36] Genome, The Autobiography of a species in 23 Chapters by Matt Ridley, page 49.
[37] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history
[38] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[39] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[40] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[41] Smithsonian, January 2011, page 12.
[42] http://www.stormfront.org/forum/t937550/
No comments:
Post a Comment