This Day in Goodlove History, December 5, 2014
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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Theodore Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! https://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004
•
•December 5, 1560: Francis II, King of France (January 19, 1544 – December 5, 1560). Married Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1558.[1]
December 5, 1560:
Mary Stuart
Mary Stuart Queen.jpg
Portrait of Mary after François Clouet, c. 1559
Queen of Scots
Reign
December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567
Coronation
September 9, 1543
Predecessor
James V
Successor
James VI
Regent
•James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran (1542–1554)
•Mary of Guise (1554–1560)
Queen consort of France
Tenure
July 10, 1559 – December 5, 1560
Spouse
•Francis II of France
m. 1558; dec. 1560
•Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
m. 1565; dec. 1567
•James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
m. 1567; dec. 1578
Issue
James VI of Scotland and I of England
House
House of Stuart
Father
James V of Scotland
Mother
Mary of Guise
Mary, Queen of Scots (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), also known as Mary Stuart[3] or Mary I of Scotland, was queen regnant of Scotland from December 14,1542 to July 24, 1567 and queen consort of France from July 10, 1559 to December 5, 1560.
Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland, was 6 days old when her father died and she succeeded to the throne. She spent most of her childhood in France while Scotland was ruled by regents, and in 1558, she married the Dauphin of France, Francis. He ascended the French throne as King Francis II in 1559, and Mary briefly became queen consort of France, until his death on December 5, 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on August 19, 1561. Four years later, she married her first cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, but their union was unhappy. In February 1567, his residence was destroyed by an explosion, and Darnley was found murdered in the garden.
King Francis II died on December 5, 1560, of a middle ear infection which led to an abscess in his brain. Mary was grief-stricken.[58] Her mother-in-law, Catherine de' Medici, became regent for the late king's ten-year-old brother Charles IX, who inherited the French throne.[59]
Preceded by
Catherine de' Medici
Queen consort of France
July 10, 1559 – December 5, 1560
Vacant
Title next held by
Elisabeth of Austria
[2]
When Catherine had realized Francis was going to die, she made a pact with Antoine de Bourbon by which he would renounce his right to the regency of the future king, Charles IX, in return for the release of his brother Condé.[59] As a result, when Francis died on December 5, 1560, the Privy Council appointed Catherine as governor of France (gouvernante de France), with sweeping powers. She wrote to her daughter Elisabeth: "My principal aim is to have the honour of God before my eyes in all things and to preserve my authority, not for myself, but for the conservation of this kingdom and for the good of all your brothers".[60]
Reign of Charles IX[edit]
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.24wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Charles IX of France, after François Clouet, c. 1565. The Venetian ambassador Giovanni Michiel described Charles as "an admirable child, with fine eyes, gracious movements, though he is not robust. He favours physical exercise that is too violent for his health, for he suffers from shortness of breath".[61]
At first Catherine kept the nine-year-old king, who cried at his coronation, close to her, and slept in his chamber.[62] She presided over his council, decided policy, and controlled state business and patronage. However, she was never in a position to control the country as a whole, which was on the brink of civil war. In many parts of France the rule of nobles held sway rather than that of the crown. The challenges Catherine faced were complex and in some ways difficult for her to comprehend as a foreigner.[63]
She summoned church leaders from both sides to attempt to solve their doctrinal differences. Despite her optimism, the resulting Colloquy of Poissy ended in failure on October 13, 1561, dissolving itself without her permission.[64] Catherine failed because she saw the religious divide only in political terms. In the words of historian R. J. Knecht, "she underestimated the strength of religious conviction, imagining that all would be well if only she could get the party leaders to agree".[65][3]
December 5, 1586: The next day, 5th December, M. de Bellièvre waited upon the Queen of England, to protest anew" and demand a reprieve ; and, as she would give him no promise on the subject, M. de Bellièvre then demanded his passports. [4]
December 5, 1602 - Giulio Caccini's "Euridice," premieres in Florence[5]
“ December 5, 1770: - The army marched this past night at ten o’clock. The troops listed above, which were designated to occupy the line, remained here under the command of General Leslie. All heavy baggage has remained here. It is reported that during this expedition, Germantown and New Frankford are to be burned in order to drive the rebel army away from our winter quarters. [6]
December 5, 1777: Battle of White Marsh - December 5 - December 8, 1777 .[7]
December 5, 1778:
Head Quarters Fort Lawrance Dec1" 5 th 1778
Officer of the day To morrow Col° Stephenson
A General Court martial from Col° Broadheads Brigade whereof
Major Vernon is president To Sit this morning for the Trial of
Serj* Jn° Aspie of the light Dragoons For dealing with the Indians
Contrary to Orders and Such Other prisoners as may be Brought
Before them Also A General Court Martial from Col°
Crawfords Brigade whereof Col° morrow is apointed president for
the Trial of Some who are Guilty of the Same Offence So predjudicial
to the whole Army and all our Concerns with the Indians
among which delinquents The General is Sorry to find One who is
honoured with the Command of A Company Shewing the Shamefull
Example that is Capt pearce of Col° Stephensons Regiment
all Officers and Soldiers in the line are to be Served with A Gill
of whisky each and the General is Sorry horses Could not be procur.
d to bring more of that Necessary Article, they who Came
up with the whisky are not to have any as Two keggs are missing
To make every One more Carefull in future of what they have in Charge[8]
December 5, 1792
George Washington is reelected President of the United States.[9]
1793
Robert Harrison; Cynthia and Anna
Photo by Gary and Mary Goodlove, 2/21/2000
1793
Benjamin Harrison, for whom Harrison County, Ky. was named, served as a Colonel in the Revolution from Pennsylvania. He came early to Ruddles Station* and was one of those appointed to select the location of the Bourbon County Court House. He represented Bourbon County in all the early conventions; was senatorial elector; member of the Legislature, 1793. His wife was Mary and although there is an inventory of his estate filed in Harrison . . .(text missing) *Ruddles (also called Hinkston's and Licking) Fort was built in 1779 by Isaac Ruddell, one mile from Lair Station near the Bourbon County line, now in Harrison County, about seven miles from Paris, Ky. [10]
1792
P 513-514 Ben Harrison petitions Bourbon County to build a grist mill on Mill Creek on his own lands. David Lindsey is listed as juror, approving same.[11]
1793
1793, John Crawford, 4 horses, 10 cattle.[12]
1793
The obituary of William Harrison Goodlove indicates that he,
William Harrison, was born in Clark County, Ohio, October 26, 1836, a son of Conrad and Katharine (McKinnon) Goodlove; “the former
( Conrad) born in West Virginia “ [13]
Another place of birth was reported by Conrad Goodlove to the census takers and the copies which we obtained for several years indicate that his place of birth was Pennsylvania. [14]
In the Ohio Family History Center at Troy, Ohio, in an old book, “History of Logan County and Ohio” we found a biographical sketch written about Dr. William Goodlove, son of Conrad’s first son, John, wherein on page 691 (See Ref.#2.0) it stated that Conrad was born in Germany, and coming to the United States, settled in Berks County, PA.
Gerol “Gary” Goodlove
Conrad and Caty, 2003
In addition to this verification there is no actual birth record for Conrad, but according to Dorothy Nordgren there was a family bible and she said she thought that birth dates were passed down from that source. Perhaps some day this bible will be located and a birthplace, date and parentage verified.
Cc
This Goodlove family bible was located in 2003 to be in the possesion of Albert William Bowdish, born May 1, 1918. He was the last remaining child of Jessie Pearl Goodlove (1882-1967) who was the last living child of William Harrison Goodlove (1836-1916). William Harrison Goodlove was the last remaining child of Conrad Goodlove (1793-1861). In each generation the family bible had been passed down to the youngest child in the family, who was the last living person in each family. The Conrad Goodlove family bible is currently in the possession of Gary Goodlove who aquired it in 2003 from Albert Bowdish. Unfortunately the family bible does not give give the date or place of birth of Conrad. [15]
1793: Conrad Goodlove, the compilers 3rd great grandfather is born in Germany or Berks County, Pennsylvania. The oral tradition of the family is that our name was originally Gottlieb. Is it possible that the Conrad Gottlieb, who was the father of Anna Gottlieb born March 21, 1781 was also the father of our Conrad Goodlove? BAPTISMS[1][16]
• Parents Child Sponsors
• 21 Conrad Gottlieb wf Catharine Peter Mufly,
• Anna Margaret b —— Mar 1781, Regina
• Wannemacher bp 22 Mar 1782[2][17]
• 1793
• 1793 Tennessee.
1793
Detail, Alamo church. Photograph by W. Eugene George.
By the order of the King of Spain, the San Antonio de Valero Mission (The Alamo) is secularized, its ranch properties distributed among the civilian population
[20]
December 5, 1796:
Jackson took seat in Congress (in Philadelphia)
[21] Jackson was elected Tennessee's first Congressman and served from December 5, 1796 to March 3, 1797. [22]
December 5, 1845: Unable to persuade his Cabinet to repeal the Corn Laws, on 5 December Peel tendered his resignation [24] to Queen Victoria but was reinstated days later when Lord John Russell was unable to form a government.[25] [23]
1846: In Ireland, the first deaths from hunger took place in early 1846.[26[24]
1846 or 1848
100_5508[25]
This photo celebrates Lincoln election or ascent to Congress, the first national office
that he won and the only national office he won before the presidency.[26]
1846: Reverend Moore, Rector of the Episcopal church in Paris, came to Cynthiana and organized a church. Had four members, he being the Rector. Services were held in the Courthouse, the Christian church, and the Methodist Church. Rev. Moore served until 1848 then moved to Missouri. There was no Rector until 1854 when Rev. Carter Page was chosen and remained until 1865.[28]
1846: Reform Comes to America
American Reform Judaism began as these German "reformers" immigrated to American in the mid1800s. The first "Reform" group was formed by a number of individuals that split from Congregation Beth Elohim in Charleston, South Carolina. Reform rapidly became the dominant belief system of American Jews of the time. It was a national phenomenon.
Reform Judaism in American benefitted from the lack of a central religious authority. It also was molded by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise. Rabbi Wise came to the United States in 1846 from Bohemia, spent eight years in Albany, NY, and then moved to Cincinnati on the edge of the frontier. He then proceeded to:
1. Write the first siddur edited for American worshipers, Minhag American (1857).
2. Found the Union of American Hebrew Congregations in 1873.
3. Found Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati in 1875.
4. Found the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR) in 1889.
Reform Jews also pioneered a number of organizations, such as the Educational Alliance on the Lower East Side of New York, the Young Men's Hebrew Association, the American Jewish Committee and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai Brith.
By 1880, more than 90 percent of American synagogues were Reform. This was the time of the major Eastern European immigration, which was heavily Orthodox and nonGerman, as contrasted with the strongly German Reform movement. Many Reform congregations of this time were difficult to distinguish from neighboring Protestant churches, with preachers in robes, pews with mixed seating, choirs, organs and hymnals. Like their counterparts in Germany, American Reform rabbis, such as David Einhorn, Samuel Holdheim, Bernard Felsenthal and Kaufmann Kohler, adopted a radical approach to observance.
Although early American Reform rabbis dropped quite a bit of traditional prayers and rituals, there was still a "bottom line." In 1909, the CCAR formally declared its opposition to intermarriage. And, although decried as "archaic" and "barbarian," the practice of circumcision remained a central rite.
This early radicalism was mentioned in the 1885 Pittsburgh Platform, which dismisses "such Mosaic and rabbinical laws as regulate diet, priestly purity and dress" as anachronisms that only obstruct spirituality in the modern age. The platform stressed that Reform Jews must only be accepting of laws that they feel "elevate and sanctify our lives" and must reject those customs and laws that are "not adapted to the views and habits of modern civilization."
Early Reform Judaism was also antiZionist, believing the Diaspora was necessary for Jews to be "light unto the nations." Nevertheless, a number of Reform rabbis were pioneers in establishing Zionism in America, including Gustav and Richard Gottheil, Rabbi Steven S. Wise (founder of the American Jewish Congress) and Justice Louis Brandeis. Following the Balfour Declaration, the Reform movement began to support Jewish settlements in Palestine, as well as institutions such as Hadassah Hospital and the Hebrew University.
As the years passed, a reevaluation took place in which many members of the Reform movement began to question the "reforms" that were made. By 1935, the movement had begun to return to a more traditional approach to Judaism-distinctly Jewish and distinctly American, but also distinctively nonChristian. Starting with the Columbus Platform in 1937, many of the discarded practices were reincorporated into the Reform canon, and constitute what is now called "Modern" Reform Judaism, or more succinctly, Reform Judaism. The platform also formally shifted the movement's position on Zionism by affirming "the obligation of all Jewry to aid in building a Jewish homeland...."[29]
December 5, 1838 – Drew’s detachment finally gets underway.[30]
December 5, 1838: John Drew December 5, 1838 March 18, 1839 231 219 NA[31]
December 5, 1846: In many respects, it was Peggy Taylor's daughter, Mary Elizabeth "Betty" Taylor Bliss Dandridge (1824-1909) who assumed responsibility for the family's primary interaction with the general public. She married her father's aide, Colonel William Wallace Bliss on December 5, 1846. He was the son of Captain John Bliss of the U.S. Army and his wife Olive Limonds, both of Connecticut.
.jpg)
The President's daughter Betty Bliss was the public hostess of the Administration. (private collection)
Educated in Philadelphia, and spending much of her adolescent years in Kentucky and Virginia with relatives and away from her parents, Betty Bliss was once dubbed a "rustic belle" but contemporary accounts suggest that she was intelligent and sophisticated. She had been acting as something of a spokesperson for her more reclusive mother once her father had achieved national acclaim and the family attracted unwanted curiosity.
At the Inaugural Ball, following the Russian Minister's wife in red silk and diamonds, "Miss Betty" appeared in a simple white dress with a white flower in her hair and her naturalness became her trademark. She presided over all public functions in the White House as the official hostess of the Taylor Administration. The public face of the Taylor women duo, Betty Bliss even had a popular dance song written in her honor.
.jpg)
The Betty Polka, written in honor of the President's daughter and public hostess. (Library of Congress)
By the time the fall 1849 social season began, however, there was a marked difference in the style of the family. There is a suggestion that her mother's health had briefly deteriorated since she then relinquished all the domestic management to Betty Bliss, who also seemed to observers to now "appreciate the importance of her social elevation." [32]
December 5, 1853: Since early in the 1840s the topic of a transcontinental railroad had been discussed. While there were debates over the specifics, especially the route to be taken, there was a public consensus that such a railroad should be built by private interests financed by public land grants. In 1845 Douglas, serving in his first term in the United States House of Representatives, had submitted an unsuccessful plan to formally organize the Nebraska Territory as the first step in building a railroad with its eastern terminus in Chicago. Railroad proposals were debated in all subsequent sessions of Congress with cities such as Chicago, St. Louis, Quincy, Memphis and New Orleans competing to be the jumping-off point for the construction.[3]
Several proposals in late 1852 and early 1853 had strong support, but in the end they failed because of disputes over whether the railroad would follow a northern or a southern route. In early 1853 the House of Representatives passed a bill by a 107-to-49 vote that organized the Nebraska Territory in land west of Iowa and Missouri. In March the bill moved to the Senate Committee on Territories, which was then headed by Sen. Douglas. Missouri Sen. David Atchison announced that he would support the Nebraska proposal only if slaveholders were not banned from the new territory. While the bill was silent on this issue, slavery would have been prohibited under the terms of the Missouri Compromise. Other Southern senators were not as flexible as Atchison. By a vote of 23 to 17, the senate voted to kill the motion by laying it on the table with every senator from states south of Missouri voting for the tabling.[4]
During the senate adjournment, the issues of the railroad and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise became entangled in Missouri politics as Atchison campaigned for re-election against the forces of Thomas Hart Benton. Atchison was maneuvered into choosing between antagonizing the state railroad interests and antagonizing the state slaveholders. Finally Atchison took the position that he would rather see Nebraska "sink in hell" before he would allow it to be overrun by free soilers.[5]
In this era, congressmen generally found lodging in boarding houses when they were in the nation’s capital performing their legislative duties. Atchison shared lodgings in an F Street house shared by the leading Southerners in Congress. Atchison himself was the senate’s president pro tempore. His housemates included Robert T. Hunter (from Virginia, chairman of the Finance Committee), James Mason (from Virginia, chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee) and Andrew P. Butler (from South Carolina, chairman of the Judiciary Committee). When Congress reconvened on December 5, 1853, this group, termed the "F Street Mess[6]", along with Virginian William O. Goode, formed the nucleus that would insist on slaveholder equality in Nebraska. Douglas was aware of their opinions and power, and knew that he needed to address their concerns.[7] [33]
December 5, 1862: The Battle of Prairie Grove
In early December Confederate General Hindman ordered his army back
to Cane Hill to attack Blunt, drive him out of Arkansas and launch an invasion
of Missouri. Hindman had reinforced his army with every available Confederate
unit from Arkansas, Texas and Missouri. He also had gathered many conscripts
in Arkansas. This time he was rumored to have an army of between 16,000 and
20,000 far out numbering Blunt’s divisions. In reality, he had a force of about
10,000 ready for battle.
Blunt, learning of Hindman’s plans, sent couriers back to Springfield,
Missouri with orders for Major General Francis Herron to bring his divisions
south to reinforce Blunt’s command. Herron’s army must march 125 miles and
their chances of reaching Blunt before Hindman must have seemed remote.
Herron put his men on a forced march, traveling twenty-five miles in twentyfour
hours. They ate as they marched and drank coffee from cans they picked
up along the road because they carried no knapsacks to slow them down. By December 5 they reached Pea Ridge.[34]
On December 5 the Confederate force was within eight miles of Cane
Hill while Herron’s main force was still fifty miles away. However, advance
detachments of Union cavalry were arriving at Cane Hill every few hours.
Hindman knew that by the next day most of Herron’s army would be in
Fayetteville. [35]
December 5, 1910:
19
949
Taft, William H. (William Howard), 1857-1930 (T.L.S.), December 5, 1910; November 14, 1914 .[36]
December 5-6, 1939: Jewish property in Poland is seized by the German authorities.[37]
December 5, 1940: Charles Marion Warren (b. March 31, 1862 in GA / d. December 5, 1940). v. Infant Warren (b. abt. 1864 in GA).[38]
December 5, 1941
Hitler orders a halt to the German offensive in the Soviet Union because of the growing weakness of the German forces there.[39]
December 5, 1941: When Takeo Yoshikawa heard the secret message "east wind, rain" over shortwave radio from Tokyo, which signaled imminent attack, Yoshikawa destroyed all evidence of his espionage activities. On December 5, two days before the attack, he received a direct message asking him whether the American ships were protected by anti-aircraft weapons or anti-submarine nets; his response could have tipped off the Americans about the upcoming attack, but that message was not discovered and decrypted until the day after the attack. Immediately after the attack, when the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation approached him, FBI agents found no signs of foul play. Between December 1941 and March 1942, he was kept under watch in San Diego, California, United States. Between March and August, he was placed in a camp in Arizona, United States. He returned to Japan in August 1942 in a diplomat prisoner exchange.[40]
December 5, 1942: Finally, on the morning of October 26, as Hornet burned just over the horizon, Enterprise became the last operational US carrier in the Pacific. A bold sign appeared in the hangar deck - "Enterprise vs. Japan" - reflecting both the desperate nature of the situation, and the resolve of Enterprise's men. Not until December 5, when the repaired Saratoga arrived at Noumea, would the men in Enterprise see another friendly flattop.
After December 1942, however, Enterprise never fought alone again. Japan's navy, though still formidable, had been greatly weakened by the battles of 1942, battles in which the Big E had often played a pivotal role. And Japan's naval air arm, decimated at Midway, the Eastern Solomons, and Santa Cruz, would never make good its losses. By the end of 1942, Japan had been fought to a stand-still.[41]
December 5, 1942: Sabine Gottlieb, born Schild July 20, 1859 in Atlanta. Wurzburg (last known residence). Resided Karbach. Deportation:Nurnberg-Wurzburg-Regensburg, September 23,1942, Theresienstadt. Date of death: December 5,1942, Theresienstadt.[42]
December 5, 1978: In Iran, In a strongly worded statement, the Ministry of Information denied reports the Shah intended to abdicate and hand over power to a Regency Council acting for his son.[43]
December 5, 2011: The Princess Royal attended Royal Variety Performance show on behalf of the Entertainment Artistes' Benevolent Fund On December 5, 2011.[26][27]
Ron Santo was the first and only Golden Era Ballot candidate in 2011 who was elected by the Golden Era Committee on December 5, 2011 to the Hall of Fame for 2012. The voting is based upon the individual's record, ability, integrity, sportsmanship, character and contribution to the game. Maris, though eligible, was not named ("identified") by the Historical Overview Committee (Screening Committee) to be one of the 10 Golden Era Ballot candidates in 2011.[17][44]
December 5, 2013: Oldest Human DNA Reveals Mysterious Branch of Humanity
LiveScience.com
By By Charles Q. Choi, LiveScience Contributor December 4, 2013 1:11 PM
•http://l2.yimg.com/bt/api/res/1.2/BMz9lo_vtDzj.YByqbvNBQ--/YXBwaWQ9eW5ld3M7Zmk9ZmlsbDtoPTgzLjI1O3B5b2ZmPTA7cT03NTt3PTE0OA--/http:/media.zenfs.com/en_US/News/LiveScience.com/homo-heidelbergensis-thigh-bone.jpg1386176648
.
The oldest known human DNA found yet reveals human evolution was even more confusing than thought, researchers say.
Related Stories
The DNA, which dates back some 400,000 years, may belong to an unknown human ancestor, say scientists. These new findings could shed light on a mysterious extinct branch of humanity known as Denisovans, who were close relatives of Neanderthals, scientists added.
Although modern humans are the only surviving human lineage, others once strode the Earth. These included Neanderthals, the closest extinct relatives of modern humans, and the relatively newfound Denisovans, who are thought to have lived in a vast expanse from Siberia to Southeast Asia. Research shows that the Denisovans shared a common origin with Neanderthals but were genetically distinct, with both apparently descending from a common ancestral group that had diverged earlier from the forerunners of modern humans. [See Images of Excavation & Mysterious 'New Hominid']
Genetic analysis suggests the ancestors of modern humans interbred with both these extinct lineages. Neanderthal DNA makes up 1 to 4 percent of modern Eurasian genomes, and Denisovan DNA makes up 4 to 6 percent of modern New Guinean and Bougainville Islander genomes in the Melanesian islands.
Pit of Bones
To discover more about human origins, researchers investigated a human thighbone unearthed in the Sima de los Huesos, or "Pit of Bones," an underground cave in the Atapuerca Mountains in northern Spain. The bone is apparently 400,000 years old.
"This is the oldest human genetic material that has been sequenced so far," said study lead author Matthias Meyer, a molecular biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. "This is really a breakthrough — we'd never have thought it possible two years ago that we could study the genetics of human fossils of this age." Until now, the previous oldest human DNA known came from a 100,000-year-old Neanderthal from a cave in Belgium.
The Sima de los Huesos is about 100 feet (30 meters) below the surface at the bottom of a 42-foot (13-meter) vertical shaft. Archaeologists suggest the bones may have been washed down it by rain or floods, or that the bones were even intentionally buried there.
View gallery
Oldest Human DNA Reveals Mysterious Branch of Huma …
The thighbone of the 400,000-year-old hominid from Sima de los Huesos, Spain.
This Pit of Bones has yielded fossils of at least 28 individuals, the world's largest collection of human fossils dating from the Middle Pleistocene, about 125,000 to 780,000 years ago.
"This is a very interesting time range," Meyer told LiveScience. "We think the ancestors of modern humans and Neanderthals diverged maybe some 500,000 years ago." The oldest fossils of modern humans found yet date back to about 200,000 years ago.
Denisovan relative?
The researchers reconstructed a nearly complete genome of this fossil's mitochondria — the powerhouses of the cell, which possess their own DNA and get passed down from the mother. The fossils unearthed at the site resembled Neanderthals, so researchers expected this mitochondrial DNA to be Neanderthal.
Surprisingly, the mitochondrial DNA reveals this fossil shared a common ancestor not with Neanderthals, but with Denisovans, splitting from them about 700,000 years ago. This is odd, since research currently suggests the Denisovans lived in eastern Asia, not in western Europe, where this fossil was uncovered. The only known Denisovan fossils so far are a finger bone and a molar found in Siberia. [Denisovan Gallery: Tracing the Genetics of Human Ancestors]
"This opens up completely new possibilities in our understanding of the evolution of modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans," Meyer said.
The researchers suggest a number of possible explanations for these findings. First, this specimen may have been closely related to the ancestors of Denisovans. However, this seems unlikely, since the presence of Denisovans in western Europe would suggest an extensive overlap of territory with Neanderthal ancestors, raising the question of how both groups could diverge genetically while overlapping in range. Moreover, the one known Denisovan tooth is significantly different from teeth seen at the Pit of Bones.
Second, the Sima de los Huesos humans may be related to the ancestors of both Neanderthals and Denisovans. The researchers consider this plausible given the fossil's age, but they would then have to explain how two very different mitochondrial DNA lineages stemmed from one group, one leading to Denisovans, the other to Neanderthals.
Third, the humans found at the Sima de los Huesos may be a lineage distinct from both Neanderthals and Denisovans that later perhaps contributed mitochondrial DNA to Denisovans. However, this suggests this group was somehow both distinct from Neanderthals but also independently evolved several Neanderthal-like skeletal features.
Fourth, the investigators suggest a currently unknown human lineage brought Denisovan-like mitochondrial DNA into the Pit of Bones region, and possibly also to the Denisovans in Asia.
"The story of human evolution is not as simple as we would have liked to think," Meyer said. "This result is a big question mark. In some sense, we know less about the origins of Neanderthals and Denisovans than we knew before."
The scientists now hope to learn more about these fossils by retrieving DNA from their cell nuclei, not their mitochondria. However, this will be a huge challenge — the researchers needed almost 2 grams of bone to analyze mitochondrial DNA, which outnumbers nuclear DNA by several hundred times within the cell.
The scientists detailed their findings in the December 5, 2013 issue of the journal Nature.[45]
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[1] Wikipedia
[2] Wikipedia
[3] wikipedia
[4] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[5] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1602
[6] Lieutenant Rueffer, Enemy Views by Bruce Burgoyne, pgs. 244-245.
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kemp%27s_Landing
[8] AN ORDERLY BOOK OF MCINTOSH's EXPEDITION, 1778 11Robert McCready's Journal
[9] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[10] (Drake etc., p. 193) ) Chronology of Benjamin Harrison compiled by Isobel Stebbins Giuvezan. Afton, Missouri, 1973 http://www.shawhan.com/benharrison.html
[11] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html
[12] A tax list on microfilm at the Kentucky State Library at Frankfort, Ky. For Lincoln County. From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969 p. 183. Note: The dates stop after 1793.
[13] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove, Conrad and Caty, 2003
[14] Gerol “Gary” Goodlove Conrad and Caty, 2003
[15] Jeff Goodlove, 2004
[16] [1] MARRIAGES & MARRIAGE EVIDENCE IN PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN CHURCHES
SCHLOSSER’S REFORMED CHURCH 1765-1846 Also called Union Reformed Church. Unionville North Whitehall twn., Lehigh Co. Part 8, Roll 136—137. Second item on film. Copied 1938.
[17] [2] Pennsylvania German Marriages compiled by Donna R. Irish pg 328
[18] U.S.S. Constitution Museum, 11/14/2009 Photo by Jeff Goodlove
[19] Photo of 1793 Tennessee, by Jeff Goodlove November 12, 2010.
[20] http://www.drtl.org/Research/AlamoChronology.asp
[21] http://www.wnpt.org/productions/rachel/timeline/1791_1811.html
[22] http://www.ebay.com/itm/ANDREW-JACKSON-AUTOGRAPH-LETTER-SIGNED-04-25-1804-/300257096654?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item45e8b7b3ce
[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_Great_Famine
[24] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_the_Great_Famine
[25] Lincoln, Man or Myth, H2, 6/21/2004
[26] Lincoln, Man or Myth, H2, 6/21/2004
[27] [Abraham Lincoln, Congressman-elect from Illinois. Three-quarter length portrait, seated, facing front]
[Springfield, Ill., 1846 or 1847]
1 photograph : quarter plate daguerreotype ; plate 4 1/4 x 3 1/4 in.
Notes:
This daguerreotype is the earliest-known photograph of Abraham Lincoln, taken at age 37 when he was a frontier lawyer in Springfield and Congressman-elect from Illinois. (Source: Ostendorf, p. 4)
Attributed to Nicholas H. Shepherd, based on the recollections of Gibson W. Harris, a law student in Lincoln's office from 1845 to 1847. (Source: Gibson William Harris, "My Recollections of Abraham Lincoln," Women's Home Companion (November 1903), 9-11.) Robert Lincoln, son of the President, thought the photo was made in either St. Louis or Washington during his father's term in Congress.
Published in: Lincoln's photographs: a complete album / by Lloyd Ostendorf. Dayton, OH: Rockywood Press, 1998, p. 4-5.
Title devised by Library staff.
Gift; Mary Lincoln Isham; 1937.
Forms part of: Daguerreotype collection (Library of Congress).
Subjects:
Lincoln, Abraham--1809-1865.
Format: Portrait photographs--1840-1850.
Daguerreotypes--1840-1850.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Part Of: Daguerreotype collection (Library of Congress) (DLC) 95861318
Persistent URL: hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02439
Call Number: DAG no. 1224
Dean Stevens, Mr. Hepe, and 182 other people added this photo to their favorites.
[28]Cynthiana Since 1790 by Virgil Peddicord. Page 14.
[29] http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/The_Origins_of_Reform_Judaism.html
[30] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.
[31] Source: New American State Papers, Vol. 2 pages 58, 59.
[32] http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=13
[33] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act
[34] http://www.whitsett-wall.com/Documents/James%20Simeon%20Whitsett,%20Civil%20War%20Guerrilla.pdf
James Simeon Whitsett, 1925
By Ronald N. Wall
Florence, Arizona 2005
James Simeon Whitsett, Quantrill Raider
By Ronald N. Wall
[35] http://www.whitsett-wall.com/Documents/James%20Simeon%20Whitsett,%20Civil%20War%20Guerrilla.pdf
James Simeon Whitsett, 1925
By Ronald N. Wall
Florence, Arizona 2005
James Simeon Whitsett, Quantrill Raider
By Ronald N. Wall
[36]
Series 14: Edith Ogden Harrison, Incoming Correspondence, 1884-1949
This series consists of correspondence sent to Edith Ogden Harrison, Harrison's wife. Most of the letters are personal in nature and fairly short. Some simply seek to arrange a time for a visit, while others are about the health and current activities of the sender and his or her family. The letters that she received from William Preston Harrison, Harrison's brother, are more numerous and of greater length. Most of these letters were written by William Preston Harrison while he was in Europe and tell of his travels.
This series is arranged alphabetically by the sender's name. Multiple items within a folder are then arranged chronologically.
[37] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1762.
[38] Proposed Descendants of William SMythe.
[39] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[40] http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=534
[41] http://www.cv6.org/1942/1942.htm
[42] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,. [2]Memorial Book: Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Oppression in Germany, 1933-1945
[43] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 503
[44] wikipedia
[45] http://news.yahoo.com/oldest-human-dna-reveals-mysterious-branch-humanity-181139436.html
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