This Day in Goodlove History, April 14, 2014

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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

• • Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.


Birthdays on April 14...
Philip I. & II
Princess Beatrice
Battenberg;
Mary A. Crawford Drennan
Joseph H. Godlove
Remina Godlove
Pernina A. Hoglan Newman
Freeman Truax Sr.
Mary J. Truax

April 14, 69: Vitellius defeated Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seized the throne and becomes the third Emperor in what is known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Vitellius’ rise to power made the Roman populace very uneasy because it seemed as if the Empire was tottering on the brink of a destructive Civil War. Following the death of Nero in 68, four men served as Emperor during 69 including. First came Galba, who was followed by Galba who was followed by Vitellius who was followed by Vespasian, the general who had been sent to Judea to put an end to the Jewish Revolt. Vespasian was the first of the Flavian Emperors. When Vespasian replaced Vitellius it was with the understanding that he and his son Titus would bring stability to the Empire. Jerusalem was destroyed as a demonstration of the Flavian’s ability to end civil strife in the Empire and bring a return to the Pax Rommana. [Editor’s Note: According to this, the leaders who had seized control in Jerusalem completely failed to understand the new reality of Roman power, even as they had confused their victory of Roman Cohorts as being the same as victory over a Roman Legion. If they had spent more time considering the realities of the situation and less time killing their Jewish “enemies” they might have been able to negotiate some kind of settlement that would have avoided the destruction of the Temple and the massive deportation of the Jewish population that marked the beginning of the Diaspora.][1]

April 14, 73(3833): According to the Jewish historian Josephus, 967 Jewish zealots committed mass suicide within the fortress of Masada on this last night before the walls were breached by the attacking Roman Tenth Legion. (Two women and five children survived by hiding in a cistern, and were later released unharmed by the Romans. Technically it was not a mass suicide. According to the story a group of the leaders killed most the population who had agreed to die this way rather than become prisoners of the Romans. The leaders committed suicide. [2] Ten men were chosen by lot to kill everyone, then one killed the nine and only one killed himself. The ten lots, written on broken pottery shards, were discovered by archaeologists when Masada was excavated in the 1960s and1970s.[3] This way of dealing with the Romans contrast with Yochanan Ben Zakai who negotiated with the Romans. He ended up saving many scholars and establishing the Academy at Yavneh. While the Legend of Masada has taken on a life of its own, the cold reality is that if the rest of the Jewish population had followed their example, the Jews of Israel would have disappeared.[4]

http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/images2/72/april/massada.jpg[5]

April 14, 1532: The King's (Henry VIII) gratitude to Cromwell was expressed in a grant of the lordship of Romney in Newport in Wales and appointment to three relatively minor offices: Master of the Jewels on April 14, 1532, Clerk of the Hanaper on July 16, and Chancellor of the Exchequer on April 12, 1533. None of these offices afforded much income, but the grants were an indication of royal favour and gave Cromwell a position in three major institutions of government: the royal household, the Chancery, and the Exchequer.[1][6]

April 14, 1564: The Countess of Lennox, daughter of Margaret, eldest sister of Henry VIII, solicits the hand of the Queen of Scotland for her son Lord Henry Darnley. [7]



April 14, 1567. — Huntly repossesses himself of his confiscated estates ; and Mary confirms the grants formerly made to Murray, Bothwell, Morton, Crawford, Rothes, Sempill, Herries, and Maitland. [8]



April 14, 1570 - Polish Calvinists/Lutherians/Hernhutters unify against Jesuits[9]



April 14, 1573: Elizabeth, perceiving that the siege of La Rochelle, and the continuance of the civil war in other parts of France, would not for a long time permit Charles IX eiffectively to assist the adherents of Mary in Scotland, informs the French ambassador that she has permitted her subjects to go to the aid of the young King of Scotland, her nephew, in reducing the castle of Edinburgh^ — the only place which still held out for Mary.



In spite of all La Mothe Fénèlon's protests on this point. Sir William Drury, governor of Berwick^ lands at Leith with the English troops, on the 25th April, and lays siege to the castle of Edinburgh, defended

by Kirkaldy of Grange, Hume, and Lethington. [10]



April 14, 1578:– Bothwell dies in Denmark. [11]

April 14, 1698: Colonel John Smith II

Colonel John Smith II : 1st cousin 9x removed of Gerol Lee Goodlove

Colonel John Smith II of "Purton", son of Major John & Anne (Bernard) Smith, b. 1662; d. April 14, 1698; m. February 17, 1680 to Mary Warner , daughter of Col. Augustine & Mildred (Reade) Warner , Jr. of Warner Hall, d. November 12, 1700[i][iv].

Col. John Smith of "Purton" in Gloucester County, Virginia, was one of the original trustees of the College of William & Mary, 1693-1698. He served as a burgess from Gloucester[ii][v]. At the time of his marriage he was the Speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses.

April 14, 1762: David Vance and wife Janet sold 288 acres in Hampshire County, Virginia (now West Virgina) to Bryan Bruin. Apparently the deed was never recorded. However, on September 14, 1767 in Hampshire County, Virginia (now West Virginia) Bryan Bruin sold a large tract of land on Green Spring Run to John Mitchel. The tract consisted of seven parcels that Bryan Bruin had purchased from different people. One of those seven parcels had been purchased from David and Janet Vance. The deed stated described that parcel as: "288 acres which was granted to David Vance by Deed from the Proprietor of the Northern Neck bearing the date of April 14, 1762, and the said David Vance and Janet, his wife, conveyed to the said Bryan Bruin by Deeds of Lease and Release bearing date the days of June 4 and 5, 1764." [12]

Friday, April 14th1775: This morning, Rice another man begun to cut down a tree to make a Canoe. Have left it entirely to his management. Captn. Douglas and Captn.. Stephenson to the Steward’s Crossings to Major Crawford’s. Returned to V. Crawford’s in the evening. Agreed to go with Captn. Douglas to Fort Pitt tomorrow.[13]

April 14, 1775: The Society for the Relief of Free Negroes in Philadelphia becomes the first abolition society in America.[14]



April 14, 1775: Massachusetts Governor Gage is secretly ordered by the British to enforce the Coercive Acts and suppress "open rebellion" among colonists by using all necessary force. From this simple statement flowed all of the events that would lead to the battles of Lexington & Concord and the American Revolution. During the American Revolution the Jewish population was so small that it could only support five synagogues which were located in, Newport, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, and Savannah. All five followed the Sephardic Minchag. Most of the Jews supported the Revolutionaries.[15]

April 14, 1780: Battle of Monck's Corner - April 14, 1780. [16]

April 14, 1789: The Secretary of the new Congress informs George Washington of his election as first President of the United States.[17]

April 14, 1791

Vol. 1 No. 99. Wm. & Joh. McCormick, 173 a. Fayette Co. Kentucky R. April 14, 1791. Bk. 1 p. 62. Cavieated May 7, 1793.[18]

April 14, 1799: Napoleon called for establishing Jerusalem as city for the Jews. [19]

April 14, 1800

John Crawford’s records in the Ohio State Auditor’s office are as follows: April 14, 1800, No. 2680, 955 acres to Noble Grimes, Vol. 2, page 140.[20]

April 14, 1801

Letter received from the commissioners of Westmoreland, requesting a meeting of the two boards, with Col. Isaac Meason, on the bank of Jacob’s Creek, on the next following Tuesday, to “consult and complete contract relative to James Finley, Esp., undertaking to erect an Iron Bridge over Jacob’s Creek, and it its agreed that John Fulton and Andrew Oliphant proceed to business.”[21]

James Finley had traveled with his family to the Ohio Frontier in the late 1790’s. In his later life he would become a leading figure on the countries religious landscape. But as a young man Finley, like thousands of other Americans struggled alone with his faith. “What’s the point in praying? If I am one of the elect, I will be saved in God’s good time. If I am one of the non-elect, praying will do me no good, because Christ did not die for them.” He had been brought up as a Presbyterian but now with the opportunity to choose came anxiety. People are starting to ask, “What religion should I have?”. Finley asks “Sometime my faith wavers in spite of all my efforts I cannot bolster enough and my conceince stings me with remorse. Perhaps my soul will be lost. This is the most intense emotion.” We are shifting away from the old Calvanist ideas, where God has made these choices. Whereby before you are even born God had decided whether you are going to heaven or hell. Now it is totally different, now we have the choice. In 1801 James Finley left Ohio, heading toward Kentucky. Thousands had been drawn to a religious gathering, in the town of Kane Ridge. He had heard about this meeting that was supposed to take placre, because it was publicized well in advance. He had been hearing that at these revivals that men would fall flat on the floor, and would start crying or weeping or that that they would be struck by the word and maybe fall to their knees. He told his two companions that they should go and check this out this phenomenon.

Revivals or camp meetings were springing up across the frontier. Hundreds sometimes thousands of ordinary people would gather, drawn by the message of new charismatic preachers seeking to save souls. There is a perception that this country while just a baby, is in morale danger. Ministers proclaimed that fewer people were going to church than had been before the revolution. America they feared had reached a spiritual crises. They have a sense of urgency in trying to get people to come to Christs because they are not just savng them, they are saving the nation.

Somehow we have lost our moral underpinnings. As Finley grew closer to Kane Ridse he grew nervous about what he was walking into.[22]

April 14, 1804: Children of Catherine Gottleab and Henry Keck are:
i.Henry Keck, b. April 14, 1804, d. date unknown. [23]

April 14, 1821: Andrew Jackson left Nashville with Rachel Jackson and party for New Orleans aboard the Cumberland en route to Florida.[24]

April 14, 1834: The “Whig” party is established by opponents of Andrew Jackson.[25]

April 14, 1849: Hungary declares itself independent of Austria with Louis Kossuth as its leader. Kossuth was sympathetic to Jewish hopes for emancipation and the right to become full-fledged citizens of the newly independent Hungry. Based on Kossuth’s commitment to these values Jews contributed 80,000 florins to the cause. Thirty thousand Jews enlisted in Kossuth’s army, making them 11% of the force. Unfortunately, the Magyar leadership and the rural peasants did not share Kossuth’s values. Anti-Semitic outbreaks in the countryside combined with the efforts of these political leaders blocked attempts to grant the Jews full rights of citizenship. All this would become a mute point, since Kossuth and the independent Hungarian movement would be defeated by the imperial forces and Kossuth would be forced to flee for his life. Ironically, the returning Imperial government saved their harshest punishment for the Jews.[26]

April 14, 1857: Victoria and Alberts daughter:


Princess Beatrice

1857April 14
1857

1944 October 26,
1944

Married 1885, Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896);
3 sons, 1 daughter (including Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)


[27]

April 14, 1858: Gideon Smith11 [Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. October 8, 1787 in Wilkes Co. GA / d. April 14, 1858 in Dawson, GA) married Suzanne Martin (b. in SC / d. February 11, 1897 in Dawson, GA) on May 23, 1828 in Habersham Co. GA. [28]



April 14, 1859: In Galatz, Rumania, Jews were accused of taking blood from a Christian child (for the baking of matzos) though not of killing him. Fifteen "culprits" were arrested. The next day a mob broke into the synagogue, killing some of the worshippers, destroying some fifty scrolls and demolishing the synagogue. The fifteen were soon released with no convictions, yet the government refused to allow the synagogue to be rebuilt for nearly twenty years.[29]



April 14, 1860: Mormons establish the first permanent settlement in Idaho.[30]

April 14, 1863: We reached Milliken's bend on the morning of the 14th of April, without
any misadventures. Here the troops all disembarked and went into camp. Preparations were immediately begun for marching. All surplus baggage was stored in an old barge—the only means at hand of disposing of it.[31]

Thurs. April 14, 1864:

Laid in camp many rumors about an attack

Got 25 cts in tobacco of capt

Gen Smith captured 200 rebs up river[32]

Drawn up in line of battle at daylight[33]

William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary 24th Iowa Infantry



April 14, 1865: Booth Letter

Tukufu: Our next story investigates a death threat sent to one of the first Presidents of the United

States. On April 14, 1865 - a man standing in the shadows of President Abraham Lincoln’s

theatre box fired one final shot. It was the first assassination of an American President, and John

Wilkes Booth’s motives have been questioned and studied for generations. Now almost a

hundred and fifty years later, Marsha Mullin of Nashville, Tennessee has learned of a letter –

supposedly written by John Wilkes Booth’s father to another American Presidenti.

Marsha: Today someone would be taken off to jail in five minutes for writing a letter like that.

Tukufu: Marsha has invited me to the Hermitage, President Andrew Jackson’s family home in

Nashville, where she is chief curator. So what do you have for me?

Marsha: Well a couple of years ago a visitor brought to our attention this letter, which was a death

threat to Andrew Jackson written in 1835. I really didn’t know anything about it. So, I got a copy of

it from the Library of Congress. Junius Brutus Booth was a very famous actor. But interestingly

enough, he was also the father of John Wilkes Booth.

Tukufu: Now that’s an interesting connection.

Marsha: It’s very interesting.

Tukufu: It’s dated the 4th of July 1835, (July 4) from Brower’s Hotel, Philadelphia. “You damned old

scoundrel, I will cut your throat whilst you are sleeping.” He’s insisting that Jackson pardon two

men on Death Row… “I’ll have you burnt at the stake in the city of Washington. Your master,

Junius Brutus Booth.” Man! Now this is a threat. So the father of the guy who killed Lincoln

threatened to assassinate a President.

Marsha: Well that’s the question, because when you look at the back of the letter someone has

written “anonymous”. And so that was very curious. Is it by Junius Brutus Booth or not? Jackson

2

scholars seem to believe that it was written by someone else. We’d like to know if Junius Brutus

Booth really wrote this letter. And if he did, why?

Tukufu: Well let me see if I can find an answer to your question. The sins of a father are not

necessarily visited upon the son. But President Lincoln’s murder altered American history. If John

Wilkes Booth’s father also threatened the life of a sitting President, that’s certainly interesting, and

possibly significant. Jackson was the seventh President of the United States, and first took office

in 1829. Junius Booth was the popular Shakespearean actor of the day. Question is – why have

historians doubted that Junius Booth wrote this in the first place? Marsha’s left me 20th century

publications of a Jackson biography and a collection of his correspondence. Junius Brutus Booth,

here, is in quotation marks. “Booth,” in quotation marks, “to Andrew Jackson, July 4th, 1835.” The

quotation marks indicate the authors and editors also doubted that Booth wrote the death threat. I

need to find out if these doubts are based on some actual evidence. The letter writer – whoever

he was – wanted two men pardoned. De Ruiz and De Soto. I wonder what other clues their might

be. It says down here in a post script. “You know me. Look out.” Does it mean that he knew him

personally? Does it mean that he knew “of” him? “I wrote to you repeated cautions.” Did he write

more threats to the President? The papers of the Andrew Jackson Project at the University of

Tennessee in Knoxville is in the process of publishing an updated version of every known

document that Jackson wrote or received. Dan Feller is the director and editor of the project.

Dan: Let’s go into the Jackson papers.

Tukufu: Have you ever seen this letter before?

Dan: Oh yes, we know it well. We don’t think that the real Junius Brutus Booth wrote it. Our

assumption is that the original notation was correct. That it’s anonymous.

Tukufu: Dan explains that President Jackson’s strong hand and often unpopular policies had

made him a lightning rod for criticism and threats. Six months before our letter was written he was

the victim of the first assassination attempt against an American President. A deranged

housepainter attempted to shoot him outside the capitol building, but the pistol misfired.

3

Dan: Shortly after that the Washington Globe published several columns of assassination letters

that it said Jackson had received. Let me put these up on our computer screen so you can read

them better. Here’s one.

Tukufu: “Damn your old soul, if you do not do something for the good of the country, I will murder

you.” Wow. Dan says Jackson drew public criticism because he wanted to do away with the

federally-chartered Bank of the United States, which he regarded as an unconstitutional

concentration of financial power.

Dan: Here’s another one, “remove them deposits back again, and re-charter the Bank, or you will

certainly be shot in less than two weeks, and that by myself!” The United States Senate actually

censured Jackson for removing the deposits. The only time a President has ever been censured

by the Senate.

Tukufu: Dan says the Ruiz and De Soto mentioned in our letter were Spanish pirates operating

out of Havana. With ten others, they had robbed an American merchant ship in September 1832.

The pirates’ capture and subsequent trial electrified the nation.

Dan: This was a huge case. It had all of the aspects of a modern show trial.

Tukufu: One of the Spaniards, De Soto, was pardoned, most likely because he previously had

saved the lives of some American sailors. Dan says the pardon was almost certainly not as a

result of the death threat. How seriously was this threat taken? Dan doubts there was any official

investigation into the letter. The Office of the President did not have the protective layers it has

today.

Dan: There was no Secret Service. There was no Federal Bureau of Investigation. There were

really no White House Police. In fact assassinating the President or threatening to do so was not

a federal crime.

Tukufu: Here he says, “I wrote to you repeated cautions.” Do you know of any other

communications between Booth and Jackson?

4

Dan: If there were any, we would have seen them. We know of one letter from someone calling

himself Junius Brutus Booth to Jackson and this is it.

Tukufu: And that’s it.

Dan: And not only no letters from Booth or to Booth, but no mention of Booth in Jackson’s

correspondence.

Tukufu: Whoever wanted these pirates pardoned, Dan’s convinced it wasn’t Booth.

Dan: Every historian previous to us, every Jackson biographer has assumed that Booth didn’t

write it. Someone in his office, and he had a number of clerks working for him, probably wrote this

word “anonymous.”

Tukufu: Okay, Jackson did not write it?

Dan: It doesn’t appear to be Jackson’s handwriting, no.

Tukufu: Has there been an analysis of the handwriting in this letter?

Dan: As far as I know, no one has ever taken it to that step because they thought it was

unnecessary.

Tukufu: That seems a curious omission. The Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, DC, has

several Junius Booth letters in their collection. Heather Wolfe is Curator of Manuscripts. She’s

made special arrangements with the Library of Congress to obtain the original threat to Jackson.

Heather, nice to meet you. So this is the original letter

Heather: I picked two of our Junius Brutus Booth letters for a handwriting analysis. I picked these

two letters because they were closest in date and format to the 1835 letter to General Jackson.

Tukufu: It’s the first time Heather has seen the original letter to Jackson, and a couple of items

strike her as odd.

5

Heather: He signs the letter to Jackson with his full name Junius Brutus Booth. All of the letters at

the Folger are signed J.B. Booth, and that was his typical signature.

Tukufu: The rest of the letter looks as if it could have flowed from the same pen.

Heather: you see here, “I wrote to you repeated cautions.” And see the bottom of that “c” how it

loops around dramatically. Well in this letter here, we see the word “camp” with that same very

distinctive majuscule c, which is very unique to Junius Brutus Booth. One of the most distinctive

attributes he has is the cross bar on the miniscule ts. So if you look at the word “the” in this letter.

The crossbar goes fully across not just the t but also the h and e.

Tukufu: Wow! If Booth didn’t write this himself – she says, the forger was at the top of his class.

Heather’s made another discovery.

Heather: This letter from 1834 mentions that he needed to escape the farm for a couple of days

and go to Philadelphia and it says, “therefore I strode to Philadelphia. Brower’s hotel is now about

the best in that city.”

Tukufu: So he has a history of frequenting the Brower’s hotel in Philadelphia. So what do you

think? Did Junius Brutus Booth write this letter?

Heather: Based on handwriting analysis alone, yes it is a Junius Brutus Booth letter, but I’m not a

Booth expert so I think that’s a question for Booth scholars. We need to find out more about the

context of the letter.

Tukufu: Why did a famous Shakespearean actor care enough about the fate of two Spanish

pirates – to have penned a death threat to the President of the United States? Gene Smith has

agreed to meet me at the Folger Library’s Elizabethan Theatre. He’s the author of a book on the

Booth family’s influence on American theatre.

Gene: In addition to being a great actor, Junius Brutus Booth was a great madman, all his life.

There is no question he was insane.

6

Tukufu: Gene says that wild and erratic behavior on stage led Booth to be dubbed “the mad

tragedian”.

Gene: His bouts of lunacy could interrupt the production; he would run away from the theatre and

be found walking naked down the street.

Tukufu: Booth’s excessive drinking exacerbated his madness.

Gene: Theater managers would lock him up to keep him from getting drunk. Frequently, he would

escape simply vanish for three or four days.

Tukufu: Did his fits of madness lead him to acts of violence?

Gene: Yes, but only very occasionally. He was capable of in the middle of a performance of

becoming so involved in killing Desdemona as Othello that when the moment came to press the

pillow against Desdemona’s face, people were afraid that he would actually murder the actress.

Tukufu: Well, this letter is a threat to assassinate President Andrew Jackson. Could that violent

behavior have extended to murder?

Gene: It is possible. However, it’s important to know Junius Brutus Booth had a reverence for life

that was extraordinary. In general, he hurt no one but himself. His kids were forbidden to swat a

fly. He would not cut down a tree.ii

Tukufu: His death threat – if Booth penned it -- may have been a bout of alcoholic madness. His

reverence for life, bizarrely provoking him to threaten murder.

Gene: My guess would be that Mr. Booth probably read that Jackson was considering the

execution of these two men and in one of his frenzies threatened to kill him.

Tukufu: He doubts President Jackson took it seriously.

7

Gene: Indeed, the letter says you know me and he did know him. Jackson and Booth were close

personal friends. I think Jackson would have probably said, “Well that’s Booth for you.” And

Jackson would have laughed it off.

Tukufu: Gene paints a picture of a turbulent and deeply troubled man – frequently absent from his

family

Gene: Junius Brutus Booth was away on the road, trouping around as an actor for much of the

year.

Tukufu: But Gene is reluctant to make any connection between the death threat Junius Booth

may have made to President Jackson, and his son’s murder of Abraham Lincoln thirty years later.

Gene: I think it’s exceedingly improbable. His killing of Abraham Lincoln was so alien to his

father’s reverence for life that there cannot be any traceable path.

Tukufu: I’m not sure what to make of all of this. And I still don’t have any solid evidence to support

the handwriting analysis. Hey Dan. How you doin’? It’s Dan Feller. Seems our meeting prompted

him to do some additional research. I tell Dan about the handwriting comparison, and what else

I’ve learned about Junius Booth. It’s been suggested to me that Jackson and Booth were actually

friends. And that this letter was written in jest.

Dan: I doubt that very much. We have here all of Andrew Jackson’s letters that anyone knows

about. We know of no evidence to put Jackson and Booth together in any way.

Tukufu: His team has uncovered several new pieces of information. Our letter is dated July 4th.

He’s been able to figure out Booth’s whereabouts that day.

Dan: These are newspaper advertisements showing that Booth was indeed in Philadelphia on

July 3rd and 4th. He was scheduled to play Othello on the 3rd at the Chestnut Street Theatre.

Tukufu: I see.

8

Dan: And scheduled to play Richard the Third on the 4th.

Tukufu: That puts Booth in Philadelphia at the time the letter was written.

Dan: And here’s the real clincher. This is another letter that Booth wrote in August of 1835. He

apologizes for the “ungrateful and shameful conduct I have evinced towards the worthy managers

of the Chestnut Street Theatre on a recent occasion. Friday July 3rd and Saturday the 4th.” In

fact he did not play on July 3rd and 4th. He didn’t show up.

Tukufu: So he was there and maybe in one of his fits of madness did not perform?

Dan: Exactly.

Tukufu: But as for threatening to assassinate the President, I still don’t have a smoking gun.

Dan: But look further down in the letter.

Tukufu: There, at the end, Junius Booth himself gives me my final piece of the puzzle.

Dan: “My insane behavior…”

Tukufu: I think I finally have an answer for Marsha. Very interesting investigation. Thank you very

much for the opportunity to get into the life of Junius Brutus Booth. I tell Marsha that the

handwriting of this assassination threat matched other letters penned by Booth.

Marsha: That’s cool. I am really pleased.

Tukufu: But what tied the circumstantial evidence together was an open letter from Booth that

seemed to be an admission of guilt.

Dan: He says, “my insane behavior in writing insolent letters to my best patrons and to the

authorities of this country, I can scarcely hope will be pardoned.”

9

Tukufu: The authorities of this country – you think he's referring to President Andrew Jackson

here?

Dan: I’ll bet he is, because one sentence further down he says, “May god preserve General

Jackson and this happy republic.”

Tukufu: Dan says our handwriting analysis and his questioning of conventional wisdom, have

corrected the historical record. President Lincoln’s killer - John Wilkes Booth - was fathered by a

man who also threatened to murder a sitting President.

Dan: We had assumed as those before us had assumed that the real Booth didn’t write this letter

on the basis of that one word “anonymous”. It turned out he did. It reminds us always to check our

facts. Always to go back and verify even when we think we know what really happened.

Marsha: That is amazing. I’m shocked. It’s an interesting coincidence that he wrote such a letter

and that his son ended up assassinating Lincoln.

Tukufu: Thank you very much for the opportunity to investigate the story.

Marsha: thank you!

i Kauffman, Michael. American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies. Pg. 415.

“Chap.5 Note 4: Following is the order of their birth:…John Wilkes, born May 10, 1838”

ii Kauffman, Michael. American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies. Pg. 84.

“Booth abhorred killing, and counseled his children to avoid it. In his household, even the insects

were spared. ‘You should never kill a fly,’ he told his children…His physician, Dr. James Rush,

noted that even his own family found his views obnoxious. ‘This fellow I say in his mad humanity,

will not eat meat forsooth because it encourages acts of suffering to animals,’ he wrote

incredulously. This ‘mad humanity’ extended throughout the human race. He regarded all people

as equals, and would share his meals and his quarters with anyone in need[34]

April 14, 1865: Learning that the President and First Lady would be attending Ford's Theatre, Booth laid his plans, assigning his co-conspirators to assassinate Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward. Without his main bodyguard Ward Hill Lamon, to whom he related his famous dream regarding his own assassination, Lincoln left to attend the play Our American Cousin on April 14, 1865. [35]

Good Friday,[36] April 14, 1865, proved to be such an opportunity for Booth. However, several eyewitnesses claim that there was a gentleman posted outside the Presidential box who allowed Booth to enter. Samuel Koontz on April 24, 1865, wrote in a letter that Booth went through the door of the box, told the man who was Lincoln’s servant at the door, that Lincoln had sent for him. [37]“On May 15, 1865, Captain Theodore McGowan, who had been seated on the south side of the Dress Circle testified during the Conspiracy Trial that “He [Booth} took a small pack of visiting cards from his pocket, selecting one and replacing the others, stood a second, perhaps, with it in his hand, and then showed it to the President’s messenger, who was sitting just below him. Whether the messenger took the card into the box, or , after looking at it, allowed him to go in, I do not know, but in a moment or two more, I saw him go through the door of the lobby leading to the box, and closed the door.[38] Two years later Dr. Charles Leale, who was also seated on the south side of the Dress Circle, wrote that “I saw a man speaking with another near the door [to the Presidential box] and endeavoring to enter which he at last succeeded in doing after which the door was closed.”[39] [40]



10:00 PM, April 14, 1865: Meigs was also present for Lincoln's death. At 10:00 P.M. on the evening of April 14, 1865, Meigs heard that William Seward had been attacked by a knife-wielding assailant. Meigs rushed to Rodgers House, Seward's home on Lafayette Square just across the street from the White House.[23] Shortly after arriving at Seward's home, Meigs learned of the assassination of Lincoln. He rushed to the Petersen House across from Ford's Theatre, where Lincoln lay dying. Meigs stood at the front door of the house for the rest of the deathwatch. He alone decided who was admitted to the house.



April 14, 1865: Dr. William McKinnon Goodlove (1st cousin, 3 times removed) and the 57th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Occupation of Raleigh April 14. [41]

On April 14, 1866, one year to the day after Lincoln's assassination, the US Post Office issued its first postage stamp honoring the fallen PresidentAs a lone bodyguard wandered, and Lincoln sat in his state box (Box 7) in the balcony, Booth crept up behind the President and waited for what he thought would be the funniest line of the play ("You sock-dologizing old man-trap"), hoping the laughter would muffle the noise of the gunshot. When the laughter began, Booth jumped into the box and aimed a single-shot, round-ball .44 caliber (11 mm) Deringer at his head, firing at point-blank range. Major Henry Rathbone momentarily grappled with Booth but was cut by Booth's knife. Booth then leaped to the stage and shouted "Sic semper tyrannis!" (Latin: Thus always to tyrants) and escaped, despite suffering a broken leg in the leap.[205] A twelve-day manhunt ensued, in which Booth was chased by Federal agents (under the direction of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton).[206] He was eventually cornered in a Virginia barn house and shot, dying of his wounds soon after.[207]

An army surgeon, Doctor Charles Leale, initially assessed Lincoln's wound as mortal. The President was taken across the street from the theater to the Petersen House, where he lay in a coma for nine hours before dying. Several physicians attended Lincoln, including U.S. Army Surgeon General Joseph K. Barnes of the Army Medical Museum. Using a probe, Barnes located some fragments of Lincoln's skull and the ball lodged 6 inches (15 cm) inside his brain. [42]

April 14, 1887:

Son of Claude George Bowes-Lyon and Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck:


The Hon. Alexander Francis Bowes-Lyon

April 14 1887

October 19 1911

24 years

Known as Alec,[13] he died unmarried in his sleep of a tumour at the base of the cerebrum.[14]


[43]

April 14, 1887: James Henry Nix (b. April 14, 1887 / d. September 9, 1970).[44]

James Henry Nix14 [Marion F. Nix13, John A. Nix12, Grace Louisa Francis Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. April 14, 1887 / d. September 9, 1970) married Mammie Unk. (b. August 14, 1902 / d. November 19, 1983). He married Josephine Best (b. Unk. / d. February 26, 1929).[45]

April 14, 1894: Zebulon Baird Vance




Zebulon Baird Vance


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Zebulon_Baird_Vance_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-Zebulon_Baird_Vance_-_Brady-Handy.jpg


37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina


In office
January 1, 1877 – February 5, 1879


Preceded by

Curtis Hooks Brogden


Succeeded by

Thomas Jordan Jarvis


In office
September 8, 1862 – May 29, 1865


Preceded by

Henry Toole Clark


Succeeded by

William Woods Holden


United States Senator from North Carolina


In office
March 4, 1879 – April 14, 1894


Preceded by

Augustus S. Merrimon


Succeeded by

Thomas Jordan Jarvis


Personal details


Born

(1830-05-13)May 13, 1830
Weaverville, North Carolina


Died

April 14, 1894(1894-04-14) (aged 63)
North Carolina


Political party

Whig/American (pre-Civil War)[1]
Conservative Party of NC (c. 1862–1872)[2][3]
Democratic (1872–1894)


Spouse(s)

Harriette Vance


Children

4


Profession

lawyer, colonel, politician


Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prodigious writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbelluAm periods.

•April 14, 1897:


Herbert Bowes-Lyon

August 15, 1860

April 14, 1897

Not married

No issue









[46]

April 14, 1904: Emma Florence Cornell b September 1, 1861 at Bristow, Butler, Ia. d July 14, 1932 at Clarinda, Ia. (believed to be buried at Truro, Ia. but if not at Des Moines, Ia. with husband) md May 15, 1881 Ira Strait b January 20, 1860 at Kanakee Co., Ill. son of George W. Strait d April 14, 1904 at Des Moines, Ia. They had the following children:

George D. Strait b ca 1882 d May 1903 (age 21) unmarried.

Dessie Strait who d as a young woman, unmarried. [47]





April 14, 1907: On Convoy 57 was Wolf Gotliber, born April 14, 1907 in Mlatta. [48]



April 14, 1921: April 14, the Hopkinton Leader carried a notice of the county superintendant’s receipt of the petition to form the Buck Creek Consolidated Independent District. The same issue also contained a legal description of the proposed district and a notice that any objections to its boundaries needed to be filed with the county superintendent by April 20.[49]



April 20, 1921: All told, 232 persons registered their objections to the formation of the district by signing one of five petitions circulated throughout the area. The first petition, signed by 102 voters and taxpayers from Hazel Green Township, was filed on April 20, 1921. It read qute simply: “ We the undersigners, voters and taxpayers of Hazel Green Twp., Delaware Co., Ia. Do most emphatically protest against the incorporation of any part of the Hazel Green Destrict into the Buck Creek Consolidation as outlined in your proclamation published in the Hopkinton Leader of April 14, 1921. WE also claim that the law does not intend that the interests of one locality should be jeopardized because of the prior action of another.”

Most of those signing were Cathoolics. Some no doubt were loath to lose eight section of prime farmland to the Buck Creek district because it reduced the tax base available for the provision of schoos in Hazel Green Township. Many more, howver, mobilized and opposed the formation of the Buck Creek district because of the vehement anti-Catholic sentiment of the Buck Creekers. Another petition filed by a second contingent of forty three opponents from the subdistricts No. 6 and No. 7 in Hazel Green Township objected “to being forcibly and against the will of a large majority of the residents and taxpayers included” in the consolidated district. They appealed to the superintendent to “set out and not include” their subdistricts.

Very few men and women in the affected subdistricts in Hazel GTreen Township failed to sign one of these two petitions. This served to indicate that if the results of the election hinged on the support it received in the Hazel Green portion of the district, it would be defeated soundly. The only ones who did not sign were a few prominent members of the Buck Creek Church, the Thompsons, the Shovers, and the Houstons. Many people from those portions of Hazel Green not included in the proposed district also signed the first of these petitions. Apparently they were trying to impress upon Ottilie that the formation of the Buck Creek district as proposed would adversely affect the quality of education in the rest of Hazel Green Township.

Two identically worded petitions protesting consolidation were filed by the residents of the Union ‘”Township portion of the proposed district. Over whelmingly the signers were from the Castle Grove neighborhood, but they also included a handful of persons from the Nos. 3 and 6 subdistricts. It stated that the undersigned “emphatically protest against the consolidation of school…for reasons that the taxpayers are hard hit enough at the present time without additional burdenhs, also the proposed location of the school in inaccessibgle to a large number of the pupils of said district and for many other valid reasons that shoul appeal to an unselfish and fair minded adjudication.” The first of these was signed by thirty three people and the second by ten persons, all from the No. 4 subdistrict. Because of the storm, the latter was filed a day late, butwas apparently considered nonetheless. At least one adult from every Catholic household in these four subdistricts signed one of the two petitions. Also signing were a number of Protestant tenants not affiliated with the Buck Creek Church and a few Protestants who were opposed to the township going into debt to build a new school or found the Ku Klux Klan activities on its behalf repugnant.

It is important to note that forty persons, a majority of the voters in the three Union Townshipo subdistricts excluded froj the proposed district, also signed petitions objecting to the formation of the diestirct. These were the voters whose silendcde supposedley had been secured by their exclusion from the proposeal the previous year. Now, Klan activities in support of consolidation, coupled with the dramatic shcange for the worse in the regional economy, forced a reevaluation and political mobgilization among the predominantly Catholic families in these subdistricts. Their objections were



1. That it conflicts with the spirit and also the letter of the law as laid down in Acts of the 37th and 38th Gen. Assembly.

2. That because of the outling the Districts in which we live are so isolated that an Independent signle school is impossible and that the territory so isolated, being in the form of an ell (L) cannot do justice to the children with less than three school

3. That the territory does not comprise but 7 and a fraction sections while the law contemplates 12 sec. for (3) three schools or four for one school.[50]



The “letter of the law” in the first objection referred to the consolidation statute requiring that the boundaries of a consolidated district correspond with district and subdistrict boundaries already established. This provision had been the one upon which the district court’s decision had been based. The voters from the now officially delimited Union No. 1 subdistrict maintained that their territory was still simply part of Union No. 2. Its formal delimitation by the reconvened Union Township board the previous month was forcted upon them against their will as part of the scheme to create a Buck Creek consolidated district. In short, they maintained that an additional three sections of territory should be excluded brom the proposal. This would have brought all of the

old Upper Buck Creek neighborhood together again in a single subdistrict. It would also have left the new, but downsized, Union School Township with somewhat more than ten sections of territory. Ten sections was the minimum size territory for a xchool township to support the three country schools that the protesters felt necessary, a figure still below the twelve sections dictated by tradition. Those signing this last petition included both Catholics and Protestants proportionately in proportion to their relative numbers in the three subdistricts. It even included at least two families who were members of the Buck Creek Chjurch. With the downturn in the economy, families in thr northern one third of Union Township genuinely feared that they would be unable to support their country schools with the relatively meager tax base they would have if the Buck Creek Consolidated district was formed. Thje farmland in theis area was generally of poorer quality than that found in other neighborhoods in the township. When they claimed that the proposed district violated the “spirit” of the law laid soen bgy the 37th and 38th General Assemblies, they were referring to changes in the consolidation laws intended to ensure that rural school consolidation would not leave adjoining districts or subdistricts with too few resources to provided a good quality education for their children.

The fifth and final petition was filed on behalf of six landowners from Hopkinton who owned land in Union Township along the aMaquoketa River south of Hopkinton. Six years earlier, one of the protesters, F. E. Williamson, had been one of the advocates of forming a consolidated district centered on Hopkinton. These protesters did not object to consolidation in princicple. They simpy opposed having their properties included with the Buck Creek Consolidated district. They realized that the children of their tenants could be served by the Hopkinton school district at far less cost on a contractual basis, like that extended to the Best district.[51]

Of the 232 persons protesting the formation of the Buck Creek consolidated district, at least 96 lived within the proposed boundaries of the edistrict. This was 20 more than had voted against the earlier proposal and 8 more than the number signing the petition urging the formation of the district. The sheer number of protesters led the leaders of the opposition to think they mnight have a good chance of convincing the county superintendent or the county board of education to sustain their objections this time. If all were sustained, there would have been less than sixteen sections of territory remaining for inclusion in the consolidated district, thereby killing the proposal.[52]



April 14, 1939: In what came to be known as "Black Sunday," one of the most devastating storms of the 1930s Dust Bowl era swept across the region on this day. High winds kicked up clouds of millions of tons of dirt and dust so dense and dark that some eyewitnesses believed the world was coming to an end.

The term "dust bowl" was reportedly coined by a reporter in the mid-1930s and referred to the plains of western Kansas, southeastern Colorado, the panhandles of Texas and Oklahoma, and northeastern New Mexico. By the early 1930s, the grassy plains of this region had been over-plowed by farmers and overgrazed by cattle and sheep. The resulting soil erosion, combined with an eight-year drought which began in 1931, created a dire situation for farmers and ranchers. Crops and businesses failed and an increasing number of dust storms made people and animals sick. Many residents fled the region in search of work in other states such as California (as chronicled in books including John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath), and those who remained behind struggled to support themselves.

By the mid-1930s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt s administration introduced programs to help alleviate the farming crisis. Among these initiatives was the establishment of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) in the Department of Agriculture. The SCS promoted improved farming and land management techniques and farmers were paid to utilize these safer practices. For many Dust Bowl farmers, this federal aid was their only source of income at the time.

The Dust Bowl era finally came to a close when the rains arrived and the drought ended in 1939. Although drought would continue to be an inevitable part of life in the region, improved farming techniques significantly reduced the problem of soil erosion and prevented a repeat of the 1930 s Dust Bowl devastation.[53]

April 14, 1941: The Ustashe, a Croatian far-right organization that pursued Nazi and fascist policies, is put in charge of the Independent State of Croatia by the Axis Powers. The Ustashe would be responsible for the murder of at least 30,000 Croatian Jews.[54]



April 14, 1941: Hungarian troops occupied portions of northern Yugoslavia. About 500 Jews and Serbs were shot.[55]



April 14, 1941: More anti-Jewish riots break out in Antwerp.[56]

April 14, 1947: Minnie Lee Rowell (b. April 15, 1904 / d. April 14, 1947).[57]

April 14, 1944: The first transport of Athenian Jews left Greece for Auschwitz.[58]

Morning, April 14, 1945: Japan’s Uranium processor was working. They saw that success was withing their grasp. Then disaster struck. The U.S. unleashed a series of devastating fire bomb attacks on the Japanese mainland dropped from hundreds of B=29 bombers. It hit Japanese cities with enough force to eclipse even the eventual atomic bombs. The Japanese Uranium processor was in the path of one such bombing attack. The crucial component in Uranium processing was gone. [59]



April 14, 1945: Soldiers of the United States Army reached Gardelegen Camp. They found smoldering logs strewn with the bodies of the recently cremated victims.[60]

April 15, 2008: Indiana Parfitt and the temple of ‘hmm’, The Herald April 14, 2008[61]

April 14, 1960: A Polaris missile becomes the first to be fired from under water, in a test near San Clemente Island, California.[62]



April 14, 1961 JFK summons Dr. William P. Herbst, Jr., a prominent

Washington urologist, to the White House for advice and treatment of “burning” and “occasional

mucus” while urinating. The president had suffered a similar flare-up [of chlymydia] three weeks

earlier, according to Herbst’s notes, and “responded rapidly” to penicillin. Six days after JFK’s death, Janet

Travell telephones and asks Herbst to turn over his Kennedy medical file to her for safekeeping. Herbst sends his

notes to Bobby Kennedy instead. RFK decides that these medical records are to be regarded as “privileged

communication” and are not be kept in a federal archive.

Also, just prior to the Bay of Pigs invasion, Senator George Smathers walks with JFK on

the White House South Lawn. JFK discloses to Smathers what is about to happen. According to

Smathers, JFK says: “There is a plot to murder Castro. Castro is to be dead at the time the thousand

Cuban exiles trained by the CIA hit the beaches.”

A Chicago-based attorney, Constatine “Gus” Kangles - who is a friend of the Kennedys

AND Castro says: “I told Bobby [that] Castro knew everything - he was waiting for them. Not

only did Castro know, but he enjoyed huge popularity. As far as an uprising, I told Bobby, ‘It

ain’t gonna happen.’ But Bobby didn’t care. He wanted him [Castro] out.”

JFK today addresses the Council of the Organization of American States, declaring that

the body “represents a great dream of those who believe that the people of this hemisphere must be bound

more closely together.” [63]



April 14, 1963 LHO supposedly retrieves his buried rifle today - according to

Marina Oswald’s testimony on December 11, 1963. It has reportedly already been seen yesterday in

the Oswald apartment by the De Mohrenschildts. (AATF) [64]



April 14, 2010: A 7.1 magnitude earthquake hit China. At least 400 were killed and 10,000 injured.[65]





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[2] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[3] Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land by Clarence H. Wagner, Jr.


[4] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[5] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/showpic.php?ID=491


[6] Wikipedia


[7] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt


[8] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt


[9] beginshttp://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1570


[10] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt


[11] http://www.tudor-history.com/about-tudors/tudor-timeline/


[12] Ancestry.com


[13] The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell, 1774-1777 pg. 64


[14] This Day in America by John Wagman


[15] This Day in Jewish History


[16] Wikipedia


[17] On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[18] Index for Old Kentucky Surveys and Grants in Old State House, Fkt. KY. (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett Page 454.50)


[19] This Day in Jewish History


[20] From River Clyde to Tymochtee and Col. William Crawford by Grace U. Emahiser, 1969, p. 186.


[21] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, 1882 by Franklin Ellis, pg 250.


[22] God in America, How Religious Liberty Shaped America, PBS.


[23] http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/k/e/c/Robert-Keck-Pa/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0711.html


[24] The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume V, 1821-1824


[25] On This Day in America by John Wagman


[26] This Day in Jewish History


[27] Wikipedia


[28] Proposed Descendants of William SMythe.


[29] This Day in Jewish History


[30]On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[31] http://www.mobile96.com/cw1/Vicksburg/TFA/24Iowa-1.html


[32] Rear Admiral Porter’s position in the Red River became increasingly critical as the water level stubbornly refused to rise, threatening to strand the gunboats. Porter wrote Welles: “I found the fleet at Grand Ecore somewhat in an unpleasant situation…. The rebels are cutting off the supply by diverting different sources of water into other channels, all of which would have been stopped had our Army arrived as far as Shreveport…Had we not heard of the retreat of the Army, I should still have gone on to the end.” (Civil War Naval Chronology 1861-1865 Compiled by Naval History Division, Navy Department, Washington: 1971. pg IV 42)


[33] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove


[34] http://www-tc.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/static/media/transcripts/2011-05-20/703_boothletter.pdf


[35] http://www.geni.com/people/Abraham-Lincoln/6000000002686627053


[36] April 1865, HISTI 4/14/2003


[37] Timothy S. Good, We saw Lincoln Shot:One Hundred Evewiotness Accounts, Jackson, MS: Univ. Press of Miss., 1995 p. 65-65.


[38] Conspiracy Trial Testimony , Major Theodore McGowan National Archioves, Washington, D.C. M-600.


[39] Dr. Charles Lewale letter, July 1867, Library of Congress, 39th Congress, 39th Congressional Record, 2nd Session, Washington, D.C.


[40] Http://www.nps.gov/archive/foth/linsecur.htm


[41] Ohiocivilwar.com/cw57.html


[42] http://www.geni.com/people/Abraham-Lincoln/6000000002686627053


[43] Wikipedia


[44] Proposed Descendants of William SMythe


[45] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.


[46] Wikipedia


[47] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm


[48] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 438.


[49] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 203.


[50] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page . 204-206.


[51] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 206-207.


[52] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 203-204.


[53] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/a-major-dust-bowl-storm-strikes


[54] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[55] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[56] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1765.


[57] Proposed Descendants of William Smythe.


[58] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[59] Japans Atomic Bomb: 8/16/2005


[60] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[61] Wikipedia


[62] On This Day in America by John Wagman.


[63] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf


[64] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf


[65] Jerusalem Prayer Team email, March 30, 2011