This Day in Goodlove History, April 17, 2014

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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com

Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx

• • Books written about our unique DNA include:

• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.


Nellie M. Batchelder
Armstrong
Hugh L. Davidson
Floyd W. Hopper
Burton LeClere
Teresa L. MADDEN
Stephenson
Robert Vance

April 17, 1534: Thomas More was moved to the Tower on April 17. - Sir Thomas More confined in London Tower

April 17, 1754: As noted before, this Edward Ward, the presiding Judge who signed his name to the record of the first days session of this court at Augusta Town, was the Ensign Edward Ward who on April 17, 1754, surrendered the fort then building at the Forks of Ohio to the French and Indians who completed it and called it Fort Duquesne; and at the date of this entry Edward Ward

April 17, 1555: – Elizabeth is summoned from Woodstock to stay at Hampton Court.
On April 17, 1555, Elizabeth was recalled to court to attend the final stages of Mary's apparent pregnancy. If Mary and her child died, Elizabeth would become queen. If, on the other hand, Mary gave birth to a healthy child, Elizabeth's chances of becoming queen would recede sharply. When it became clear that Mary was not pregnant, no one believed any longer that she could have a child.[36] Elizabeth's succession seemed assured.[37]
King Philip, who ascended the Spanish throne in 1556, acknowledged the new political reality and cultivated his sister-in-law. She was a better ally than the chief alternative, Mary, Queen of Scots, who had grown up in France and was betrothed to the Dauphin of France.[38] When his wife fell ill in 1558, King Philip sent the Count of Feria to consult with Elizabeth.[39]

April 17, 1585: Sir Amyas Paulet, who had been ambassador from England to France, is charged with the custody of the Queen of Scots. He was a man of honour and great integrity, but a rigid and fanatical puritan, and an avowed partizan of Leicester and his faction.

April 1702: Mary died in 1694 and on William’s death in 1702 Anne succeeded to the throne as Queen Anne. When she was crowned in April 1702 Anne was 37 years old and after her many pregnancies had poor health and no longer her youthful figure. She was shy and stubborn and very different from her outgoing sister Mary. Anne and Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, remained close friends – Anne addressed Sarah as ‘Mrs Freeman’ and she called Anne ‘Mrs Morley’. Sarah’s husband the Duke of Marlborough commanded the English Army in the War of Spanish Succession, and won a series of victories over the French at Blenheim (1704), Ramillies (1706), Oudenarde (1708) and Malplaquet (1709). The influence of the Churchill’s however began to decline and after a violent quarrel in 1710, Sarah Churchill was dismissed from court. Abigail Masham succeeded the duchess as Anne's favourite, using her influence to further the Tories.

Towards the end of her life, Anne suffered from gout and she could hardly walk. On her death in 1714 her body had swollen so large that she was buried in an almost square coffin. On the question of succession, Anne's family loyalty had convinced her that this should fall to her father's son by his second wife (Mary of Modena), James Edward Stuart, known as the Old Pretender. However, the Act of Settlement in 1701 ensured Protestant succession to the throne, and Anne was succeeded by George I, great-grandson of James I.

Queen Anne's Signature

Quotes:
‘She meant well and was not a fool; but nobody can maintain that she was wise, nor entertaining in conversation’ – Sarah Churchill (about Queen Anne)

’Queen Anne was the quintessence of ordinariness; she also had more than her fair share of small-mindedness, vulgarity and downright meanness’ – Historian J.P. Kenyon

‘Cricket is not illegal, for it is a manly game’ - Queen Anne.

’Brandy Nan’ – nickname for Queen Anne (who was reputedly fond of drink).

Timeline for Queen Anne t

1702 Anne succeeds her brother-in-law, William III.
1702 England declares war on France in the War of the Spanish Succession
1704 English, Bavarian, and Austrian troops under Marlborough defeat the French at the Battle of Blenheim and save Austria from invasion.
1704 British capture Gibraltar from Spain.
1706 Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramillies, and expels the French from the Netherlands.
1707 The Act of Union unites the kingdoms of England and Scotland and transfers the seat of Scottish government to London.
1708 Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Oudenarde. .
1708 Anne vetoes a parliamentary bill to reorganize the Scottish militia, the last time a bill is vetoed by the sovereign.
1708 James Edward Stuart, 'The Old Pretender', arrives in Scotland in an unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne.
1709 Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Malplaquet.
1710 The Whig government falls and a Tory ministry is formed.
1710 St Paul's Cathedral, London, completed by Sir Christopher Wren
1711 First race meeting held at Ascot
1713 The Treaty of Utrecht is signed by Britain and France, bringing to an end the War of the Spanish Succession.
1714 Queen Anne dies at Kensington Palace.



April 17, 1702: The colonies of East and West Jersey are designated the royal province of New Jersey.

April 1711:



Half-Louis de Noailles during Louis XV
In April 1711, Louis Le Grand Dauphin suddenly died, making Louis XV's father, the Duke of Burgundy, the new dauphin. At that time, Burgundy had two living sons, Louis, Duke of Brittany, and his youngest son, the future Louis XV.
Will April 1718, St.Mary's Parish, Essex Co. VA.
My beloved wife Eleanor my executrix.
My son Andrew and my son in law Gabriel Long as trustees. Children; William, Andrew and Elizabeth already settled on lands on which they now live;
My dau Margaret Long and three youngest sons viz. Richard and Gabril and William.
Wit: Jno. Ellitts, Wiliam Davison, Mary Davison, November 18, 1718.
April 17, 1733:

Philippe
Duke of Anjou August 30 1730-
April 17 1733 Died at the age of two

April 1742
William Harrison~2 (Andrew 1), was executor of his father’s will; lived in Essex County, Virginia, up to the time of the erection of Caroline County, in 1727, from which time, he was a resident there ‘until his death, in April, 1742.
April 1753: First attempt at reform


Portrait of Louis XV, ca. 1730.
Starting in 1743 with the death of Fleury, the king ruled alone without a first minister. He had read many times the instructions of Louis XIV: "Listen to the people, seek advice from your Council, but decide alone." His political correspondence reveals his deep knowledge of public affairs as well as the soundness of his judgment. Most government work was conducted in committees of ministers that met without the king. The king reviewed policy only in the Conseil d'en haut, the High Council, which was composed of the king, the Dauphin, the chancellor, the finance minister, and the foreign minister. Created by Louis XIV, the council was in charge of state policy regarding religion, diplomacy, and war. There, he let various political factions oppose each other and vie for influence and power: on the broadest level, the dévot party, led by the Comte d'Argenson, secretary of state for war, opposed the parti philosophique, which supported Enlightenment philosophy and was led by finance minister Jean Baptiste de Machault D'Arnouville.
The parti philosophique was supported by the Marquise de Pompadour, who acted as a sort of minister without portfolio from the time she became royal mistress in 1745 until her death in 1764. The Marquise was in favour of reforms. Supported by her clan of financiers (Pâris-Duverney, Montmartel, etc.), she obtained from the king the appointment of ministers (such as the foreign minister François Joachim de Pierre de Bernis in 1757), as well as their dismissal (such as Philippe Orry in 1745 and the Navy secretary Maurepas in 1749). On her advice, the king supported the policy of fiscal justice designed by Machault d'Arnouville. In order to finance the budget deficit, which amounted to 100 million livres in 1745, Machault d'Arnouville created a tax on the twentieth of all revenues that affected the privileged classes as well as commoners.
This breach in the privileged status of the aristocracy and the clergy, normally exempt from taxes, was a first in French history, although it had already been advocated by men such as Vauban under Louis XIV. However, the new tax was received with violent protest from the privileged classes sitting in the estates of the few provinces that still retained the right to decide over taxation (most provinces had long lost their provincial estates and the right to decide over taxation). The new tax was also opposed by the clergy and by the parlements. Pressed and eventually won over by his entourage at court, the king gave in and exempted the clergy from the twentieth in 1751. Eventually, the twentieth became a mere increase in the already existing taille, the most important direct tax of the monarchy from which privileged classes were exempted. It was the first defeat in the "taxation war" waged against the privileged classes.
As a result of these attempts at reform, the Parlement of Paris, using the quarrel between the clergy and the Jansenists as a pretext, addressed remonstrances to the king in April 1753. In these remonstrances, the Parlement, which was made up of privileged aristocrats and ennobled commoners, proclaimed itself the "natural defender of the fundamental laws of the kingdom" against the arbitrariness of the monarchy.
April 1754: When they realized they were running out of time, they wrote a second petition requesting a time
extension with modified terms: Seating 300 families, and erecting two forts, one at Chartiers
Creek and the other at the mouth of the Kanawha River. The petition, which was reviewed by the
Council Chamber in April 1754, states that the Ohio Company had already ―laid out and opened a wagon road thirty feet wide from their Store house at Wills Creek, to the three branches on Ganyangaine River, computed to be near Eighty Miles‖. Several historians have interpreted this, and other information, to mean that the Ohio Company cut the Turkey Foot Road in 1751. Although this interpretation has been widely accepted as fact, a detailed review indicates it is unsupported by the evidence.

April-May 1754,(GW) leads Virginia forces against French at Fort Duquesne in the upper Ohio River Valley. Builds Fort Necessity at Great Meadows, Pennsylvania.

April 1754: The history of the wooden barrel can be traced back more than 2,000 years. Some believed it began as a hollowed-out log with the ends covered with animal skins. However, the barrel proved to be a primary container for transporting dried meat, flour, butter, salt, water, wine, gunpowder, and a myriad of other items. Barrels for holding liquids would likely be formed from white oak, while pine might hold grain. A gunpowder barrel might have wooden hoops to avoid bumping into another metal object and setting-off a spark. The form of the barrel makes it possible for a single person to tip it or lay it on its side and roll hundreds of pounds of goods to the desired location. The natural handling ability of the barrel made it the all-purpose container of choice and the journeyman cooper a valuable member of the community.
Barrels of various sizes were referred to as tuns, butts, casks, hogsheads, kilderkins, firkins, rundlets, kiers, tanks, et cetera. When George Washington came west in April 1754—leading to the battle at Fort Necessity, Captain Robert Stobo brought a 125 gallon tun/butt of Madeira wine with him.


On April 17, 1754, a large body of French and Indians came down the Allegheny in boats and compelled the surrender of the fort, but permitted Ward and his small body of men to return across the mountains.

Wednesday April 17, 1754
Washington’s Regiment arrives at Wills Creek (known as Cumberland Maryland today). While in Wills Creek, Washington learns that Trent's advance party of the Regiment, who had been sent to start building the fort at the Forks of the Ohio, had been surrounded by a 600 man French force and forced to return to Virginia. The French immediately destroyed the British Fort and started building their own more sizable fort, Fort Duquesne.

April 17, 1754: Edward Ward had surrendered to the French and Indians the Virginia fort building at the Forks of the Ohio on April 17, 1754.
April 17, 1754: Contrecoeur. Capitaine Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecoeur. (Disagreement on date-of-birth, one source indicates 1730— but another places the date at 1703—the compiler believes the 1703 is probably the more accurate). (cawn-tra-coo-er). Accompanied Céloron on his noted expedition in 1749. Became a captain in the French marines. Onetime commandant at Fort Frontenac and veteran of several western explorations. He took the unfinished fort (stockade) at the forks of the Ohio from Ensign Ward on April 17, 1754. Contrecoeur led a force of 1,000 Troupes de la Marine and militia with eighteen cannons against Ensign Ward and his body of 42 men. Contrecoeur completed the stockade and gave it the name Fort Duquesne after the then current Governor–General of New France, Ange Duquesne de Menneville, marquis Duquesne.
Contrecoeur was commandant of Fort Duquesne before and after the Battle of the Monongahela when General Braddock’s forces were routed. The French Captain recognized that Fort Duquesne was too small to hold all his regular forces plus the Indians. The fort could hold maybe 200 people. Besides, the Indians would not attempt to hold a fort against attack. This violated their entire nature of warfare. He recognized that the British force would have to be engaged in the field before reaching the confluence.
A continued argument exists as to who was commander of Fort Duquesne at the time of the Battle of the Monongahela. This compiler’s opinion is that Contrecoeur was fort commander during the period leading up to Braddock’s arrival in the immediate area, but—was replaced in command by newly-arrived Captain Daniel de Beaujeu. When Beaujeau led the French, Canadian, and Indian force from the fort down to the battle site on the Monongahela, he was in the front ranks and was killed at the onset of the battle. At that point, he was replaced in the field by Captain Jean-Daniel Dumas who executed the remainder of the battle. When the Dumas-led force retired to Fort Duquesne, Contrecoeur resumed command. The military authorities in Montreal then replaced Contrecoeur with Dumas—maybe a couple months after the battle.
The “who” was in command after the battle becomes important to historians because of the torture and massacre conduct of the Indians after the British retreat. Accounts told by persons present at the fort paint an ugly picture of the treatment of prisoners.
Dead bodies from the Battle on the Monongahela remained unburied and identification of some was made in 1758 after Forbes occupied Fort Duquesne.

April 1755
April, (GW) is appointed volunteer aide de camp to British General Edward Braddock and marches with him and British regulars against the French at Fort Duquesne. In pursuit of formal military education, Washington copies many of Braddock's general orders into one of his letterbooks.

April 1758: Brig. Gen. John Forbes takes command.

April 1763: Captain Bull. A son of Teedyuscung—the important Delaware chief (Eastern Delaware). Reported to have accompanied Christian Frederick Post west after the conference at Easton in October 1758. After his father was killed in the cabin fire in April 1763, he believed the culprits were settlers—but could not rule-out the Iroquois. He often worked with the PA Quakers who were political enemies of the Penn Proprietary and the Iroquois.

April 1766: Concerning the land dispute: In October 1747, Christopher Gist and Dr. Samuel Eckerlin completed their survey and estimation of the distance westward of Penn's claims and made their report to the House of Burgesses. This report found the western limits of Pennsylvania to be twenty-two miles east of the Monongahela River, and by this understanding it was agreed in April 1766 to have the same surveying party continue the extension of the Mason and Dixon Line westward to that point. When Pennsylvania and Virginia became the contracting parties, much new interest was awakened in the result of the extension of the survey and the exact location of the southwest corner of the full claims of Pennsylvania.
When the site of Gist's Ridge was reached where the surveyors were to end their labors and set their findings to the end of [William] Penn's claims, they kept on until they had crossed the divide beyond the Cheat River and at last reached the Monongahela River. Here the Virginia authorities ordered the surveyors to cease, but they claimed they had several miles to go to reach the western limits of Penn's five degrees. This caused consternation through the colony of Virginia and open rebellion in the Monongahela Valley.
For a time, this area was the scene of a battleground between the governments of Pennsylvania and Virginia, both of whom wanted to claim this choice land. From 1774 to 1776, the bewildered settlers “. . . were under the jurisdiction of two governments, differing in principle, with two sets of laws, and two sets of magistrates to enforce them. Pennsylvania authorities seized and imprisoned the Virginia magistrates, who, in turn, seized the officers of the Pennsylvania government.”[2]
April 1766: In October 1765, it was reported that through William Crawford and two of his Cumberland County frontiersmen, Virginia had agreed to make the Monongahela River the boundary line between that colony and Pennsylvania. This caused great confusion, general open rebellion, and a determination by the settlers to leave the east side of the river and cross over into their territory on the west side of the Monongahela into what is now Greene County, Pennsylvania. Peter then traveled to southwest Pennsylvania in 1765 and settled in German Township where he and Sarah lived out their lives.
The Van Meters, Armstrongs, Swans, Teegardens, Thomas Hughes, William Minor, John Doughty, Samuel Jacobson, Enoch and Nathan O'Brine, James Carmichael, Jacob Clarstow, Morgan Estle, Edward Dought, Gist Culver, Peter Backus, George Brown and Theophilus Phillips were among the settlers who took up their homesteads [in Green County, PA] in March and April 1766.
In late March or early April 1767, the final accounting of Edward Lanham's estate
was made by Daniel and Catherine McKinnon(51 52). St John's parish register shows Daniel, son of
Daniel and Catharine McKinnon was (born April 19, 1767) baptized June 7, 1767(53). These finding
when taken together indicate Daniel re-married and his second wife was Catherine Lanham.
In late March or early April 1767, the final accounting of Edward Lanham's estate was made by Daniel and Catherine McKinnon. (It refers to payments made, among others, to Josiah Lanham and John Baynes--interesting names.)

In April 1774, the Yellow Creek Massacre took place near Wheeling. Among the dead were Mingo Chief Logan's brother and pregnant sister. Violence then escalated intoLord Dunmore's War.
Dunmore's War: A Transcription from
Crumrine's History
Dunmore's War
In the year 1774 occurred a series of Indian incursions and butcheries (chiefly by the Shawanese) in the white settlements of the western frontier, and a retaliatory and entirely successful campaign carried on against the savages by white troops under command of Lord Dunmore, then Governor of Virginia, and his lieutenants, which operations, extending through the summer and part of the autumn of the year named, have usually been known as "Dunmore's war." In that conflict the territory which is now Washington County saw but little of actual bloodshed and Indian atrocity, yet in the universal terror and consternation caused by the savage inroads and massacres, most of which occurred farther to the west and south, this region came near being as completely depopulated as all the territory west of the Laurel Hill range had been twenty years before by the panic which succeeded the French victory over Washington at Fort Necessity.
Dunmore's war was the result of several collisions which took place in the spring of 1774, on the Ohio River above the mouth of the Little Kanawha, between Indians and parties of white men, some of whom had rendezvoused in that region for the purpose of making explorations in the country farther to the northwest, and others who had gone there to clear lands and make preparations for settlement. Of the latter class was Capt. Michael Cresap, who was the owner of a store or trading-post at Redstone Old Fort (now Brownsville), on the Monongahela, which was his base of operations, but who had taken up (under authority of the colonial government of Virginia) extensive tracts of land at and below the mouth of Middle Island Creek (now Sistersville, W. Va.), and had gone there in the early spring of the year named with a party of men to make clearings and build houses upon his lands there. Ebenezer Zane, afterwards a famed Indian-fighter and guide, was engaged at the same time and in the same way with a small party of men on lands which he had taken up at or near the mouth of Sandy Creek. Another and larger party had gathered at the mouth of the Little Kanawha (the present site of Parkersburg, W. Va.), and were waiting there for the arrival of other Virginians who were expected to join them at that point, from whence they were to proceed down the river to the then scarcely known region of Kentucky, there to explore with a view to the planting of settlements. A leading spirit in this party (though not, strictly speaking, the leader of it) was George Rogers Clarke, who a few years later became widely famed as the general who led a body of Virginia troops on an expedition (which proved entirely successful) against Vincennes and other British posts in and west of the valley of the Wabash.
George Fowler to George Washington, April 1774
CAMER [mutilated] April 1774--
SIR.
I am doubtful you blame the Conduct of the Sheriff and myself for taking Mr. Crawford in your house you may be assured very sincerely that I had been informd he intended out on Monday morning and having been well informd that he had once escaped did not know but he might attempt it again and certain it is I suspended the Action untill the last hour. when I left home I heard he was at Johnsons Feny where I expected he woud be servd with the Process and had no thought of going as far as we did when we Set out, but as I had been so repeatedly disappointed and deceived both by Letters and promeses and a [mutilated] uch blamed for Extending a Credit of that dignity to that Gentleman, that I thought it was my duty & the Sheriffs to Act as we did, and more particularly a Company of Merchants failing in London we were immediately call[ed] on for a larger Sum than we coud possibly raise on a sudden, especially when frequently meeting Such disappointments ourselves which reasons I hope will convince you that it was more through necessity that I was induced to act as I did than out of any pleasure I coud take in such an Action and of our necessity I first made Mr. Crawford privately Acquainted hoping it might bring him more seriously to consider --I really had been informd and I think from some of his Friends that he woud escape if in his power a Sufficient reason for the Sheriff to Act with Caution, I did intend to pay the Cost myself as I then told the Sheriff in case it was Settled I am really extremely sorry that I had in any case disobliged and humbly hope these reasons will render us something more excusable & am yor. mot. Obedt. Hble Servt.
GEO: FOWLER.
In April 1775, Dunmore had threatened to free Virginia's slaves in order to utilize them in the royal forces. There were scores of them that had already joined the Loyalist cause. Many in the colonies believed that Dunmore had formed some sort of secret alliance with the enslaved population and were enraged.
In April 1775, Thomas Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts, ordered British troops to march to Concord, Massachusetts, where a Patriot arsenal was known to be located.
The American War of Independence began in April 1775 when colonists fought British troops at Lexington. George Washington was appointed commander of the Continental Army.

Monday, April 17th 1775
After breakfast waited on Major John Connoly, commandant at the Fort, to whom I had a letter of introduction. Find him a haughty, imperilous man. In the afternoon viewing the town and Fort. It is pleasantly situated at the connjunction of the Moningahaley and Allegany Rivers, the Moningahaley on the S.W. and the Allegany on the North side the town. . . These two rivers make the Ohio. The town is small, about 30 houses, the people chiefly in Indian trade. The Fort is some distance from the town close in the forks of the Rivers. It was built originally by the French, deserted by them, and the English took possession of it under the Command of General Forbes, November 24th, 1758. Besieged by the Indians but relieved by Colonel Bouquet in August, 1763. Deserted and demolished by own troops about three years ago, but repaired last summer by the Virginians and has now a small, garrison in it. It is a pentagonal form. Three of the Bastions and two of the curtains faced with, brick, the rest picketed. Barracks for a considerable number of men, and there is the remains of a genteel house for the Governor, but now in ruins, as well as the Gardens, which are beautifully situated on the Banks of the Allegany well planted with Apple and Peach trees. It is a strong place for Musketry, but was cannon to be brought against it, very defenceless, several eminences within Cannon Shot. Spent the evening at Mr. Gambel’s, an Indian Trader in town.


April 1775

"Towards the end of the War, as the story goes, Captain Dandridge was in Winchester for a short time, and one day, standing with a group of officers near the entrance of old Fort Loudoun, he saw riding towards them General Adam Stephen, and a beautiful young girl in a red riding-dress. This was the General's daughter, Ann Stephen, who had ridden with her father from their home in Berkeley County, twenty miles away, to see the soldiers. The gallant young captain soon fell a victim to the fair Anne's charms, and their marriage was celebrated not long after. He then left Hanover County, and settled on a large plantation called the 'Bower,' in what is now Jefferson County, in the Valley of Virginia, about eight miles from Martinsburg. Here he died in April 1785, and is buried in Martinsburg. He left a widow and an only child, Adam Stephen Dandridge, but little over two years of age. The widow died in 1834, aged 76 years. The son inherited the 'Bower' and it is still owned by descendants of the name."
This account of Captain Dandridge is taken from a note written by Albert Cook Myres, on page 156 of a most amusing book called "Sally Wister's Journal." Sally Wister was a pretty young Quakeress, refugeeing with her family in a farm house on the Wissahickon, while the British occupied Philadelphia. Many officers of the Continental Army made the house their quarters during 1777 and the following year.
April 1775: Tensions in the British Colony of Virginia were raised in April 1775 at roughly the same time that the hostilities of the American Revolutionary War broke out in the Province of Massachusetts Bay with the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
April 1776: De Gironcourt was commissioned second lieutenant in April 1776, and served as deputy quartermaster general from 1781-82. De Gironcourt succeeded the Hessian map-maker Capt. Reinhard Jacob Martin in the engineer corps attached to the Hessian commander's staff, quartered at Morris House, New York. In this position he continued Martin's work recording the Hessians' critical role in the American war. In the title cartouche on the Marburg Gironcourt map (see census map #1), Gironcourt credits the late Martin for his plan that he based his design on: "Des Plans faits par feu le Capitaine Martin du Corps du Genie & Dessiné par Charles Aug: Gironcourt, Lieutenant d'Artillerie."
April 1776

George Micheal Spaid, father of Michael Spaid, husband of Margaret Godlove, who was the daughter of George Gottlieb, also a hessian soldier.

This is the story of a German schoolboy, who with a bundle of books under his arm, one fine morning in April, 1776, was on his way to the High School of Cassell, the small capital city of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, when he was kidnapped by two soldiers of the Grand Duke Friedrick II, to be sold to King George III of England for service in the rebellious colonies of America. He was quickly taken by the soldiers to their barracks and so closely was he held prisoner that he never again saw his parents nor brother and sister. Nor would they let him go to bid his family farewell before he was shipped out by way of England to America.
This seventeen year old schoolboy was George Nicholas Spaht, the elder son of Michael and Cunegunda Spaht. He had one brother, Mathias and one sister, Charity. Why did not his parents protest against such tyranny? Autocracy is not a new development in Germany. History tells us that if a mother protested in a case like this she was thrown into prison; if the father protested, he was flogged. And they were not alone in their suffering. This same Grand Duke furnished 22,000 soldiers to the English King and many of them were obtained in the same way. The finances of the Grand Duchy were considerably augmented at the expense of the welfare and morality of the people, and the dissolute ruler kept up a splendid "Court" on the proceeds of the pay.
The Hessians were the victims of the tyranny of their rulers, who sold the lives and services of their subjects to the highest bidder. The English government was at that time the best customer. Large profits were realized by the petty princes who were willing to sell mercenaries for the war in the American colonies, as can be seen by examination of the contracts between the parties on either side, contracts which were not kept secret.--All told, the expense to England for the German mercenary troops was at least seven Million pounds sterling, the equivalent at present of one hundred and twenty to one hundred and fifty million dollars.--The greatest of the German princes did not allow his subjects to be sold. Frederick the Great used his influence against the sale of recruits in other German states and refused to allow mercenaries who were intended for the American service to pass through his domains," says Prof. Faust in his great work," The German Element in America."


George Spaid Tombstone
Spaid Family in America", author Abrahan
Thompsom Secrest. Published privately November 1920, Columbus, Ohio.

April 17, 1776: At a Court Con'd and held for Augusta County, April 17th,
1776.

Pres't John Campbell, Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost, John
McColloch, John Cannon.

The Last Will and Test of Larkin Pearpoint, dec'd, was
prov'd by Isaac Lamasterand Calder Haymond, two of the Wits,
and O R.

Daniel Leet prod a Commission from the Colledge of Wm.
and Mary to be deputy Surveyor of this County under Thos.
Lewis, Gent, he hav'g taken the Oath According to Law and
Ent'd in Bond with Geo Rice and Geo McCormick his Sec'y.

John Harry is App Surveyor in the room of Edward Sharp

Ab Dorsey Penticost.

A Deed of Barg & Sale from John Pearce Sen'r to John and
And'w Pearce was proved by Dorsey Penticost and Moses Coe,
2 of the Wits, and O C.

Pres D. P.

A Deed of Barg and Sale from Wm. Dunbar, by his Atto
Alex'r Ross, to Chas. Sims, was prov'd by Caleb Graydon and
Daniel Brown 2 of the Wits, and O C.

A Deed of Barg and Sale and rec't from Alex'r Ross to Chas.
Sims was prov'd by Caleb Graydon and Dan'l Brown, 2 of the
Wits, & O C.

A Deed of Barg and Sale from Alex' r Ross to Chas Sims was
prov'd by Caleb Graydon and Dan'l Brown, 2 of the Wits,
and O C'd.

A Power of Atto from Alex' r Ross, Atto for Wm, Dunbar,
to Chas. Sims prov'd by Caleb Graydon & Dan'l Brown, 2 of
the Wits, and O C'd

A Power of Atto from Alex'r Ross to Chas. Sims was prov'd
by Caleb Graydon and Dan'l Brown, 2 of the Wits, and O C'd.

On the Motion of Christopher Carpenter, leave is granted
him to keep a ferry near his house on the Monongahela for the
Purpose of Setting over the Militia on Muster days
(72) Solomon Froman is app a Consta in the room of Nath'l

Blackmore, and that he be Summoned before Mr. John Can-
non to be Sworn into the said Office.

Admon of the Estate of John Edwards, dec'd, is granted to
Benjamin Kuykendall (Jersey Ben), a C'r, he hav'g Comp'd
with the Law.

Ord that Zadock Wright, Gab'l Cox, Benja Sweet, and Isaac
Custard, or any 3, app the Est.

Robert Morely, Thos. Peake, & John Hatchway, being
bound over to this Court on the Complt of Peter McCawley,
and he being called and not appearing It is Ord that he be dis'd.

James Innis, John Munn, and Thos. Edginton, 3 of the per-
sons appointed to Veiw a road from Froman 's Mill on Shirte to
Fromans Mill on the East side of the Monongohela ; It is Ord
that the s'd Road be Est, and that John Munn be Surv from
Froman 's Mill on Shirtee to the fork of the road to that goes to
Henry Spears, and that Tobias Decker from thence to the Mill
on the Monongohala, and that the tithe's within 3 Miles on Each
side work thereon.

Wm Andreas is App a Consta in the room of Joseph Hill,
Sen'r., and that he be Sum'd to be sworn before Dorsey Pen-
ticost.

Peter Hursh is App a Consta in the forks of Yough, and
that he be Sum'd to be Sworn before D. Penticost.

Jonathan Paddock is App a Consta in the room of Wm. Tea-
garden, and that he be Sum'd to be Sworn before Wm. Goe.

Deed of Lease and Release of Trust from Wm. Trent, Rob't
Callender, David Franks, Joseph Simon, Levy Andrew Levy,
the s'd Wm. Trent, Dav'd Franks, Joseph Simons, and Levy
And'w Levy in their own Right, and in Right of Philip Boyle,
(73) John Chevalier, Peter Chevalier, Jos Bollock, Peter Baynton,
devesees of John Baynton' Share ; Sam'l Wharton by his Attos
Thos Wharton and the s'd Wm. Trent, Geo Morgan, Thos
Smallman, and Geo Croghan, the afores'd Sam'l Wharton
Trustee for and of John Welch's Share in thes'd Premises, by
his Attos, Thos Wharton and Wm Trent, Edward Moran, Evan
Shelley, Sam'l Postlethwaite, Jno Gibson, Edward Cole,
Grantee or Ass'e of Rich'd Winstons Share, Dennis Crotan,
Wm. Thompson, Rich'd Neave Grantee or Ass'e of Ab'm
Mitchell's Share in the Premises, by Rich'd Neave, Junr, his
Atto, James Dundas, Jno Ormsby by his Atto Thos Bond, Jr. ,
Wm. Edgar by his Atto, the s'd Rob't Callender, Wm Frank-
lin, Esqr., Jos Galloway, Esqr., and Thos Wharton, to Rich'd
Bache, Owen Jones, Jun'r, and Isaac Wharton, was prov'd as
to Wm. Trent, Rob't Callender, Dav'd Frank, Levy And'w
Levy, Joseph Bollock, Peter Baynton, Thos Wharton, and the
s'd Wm Trent, in two Places, for and on behalf of Sam'l
Wharton in his own right, as Trustee of John Welch by George
Morgan, Edwd Cole, Thos Bond, Jr., for and on behalf of
his Constituent, John Ormsby, by the s'd Rob't Callender,
for and in behalf of his Constituent Wm Edgar, by Dr. Benja.
Franklin for his Constituent Wm. Franklin, Esqr, and by the
s'd Thos Wharton by Jno Chevalier, Peter Chevalier, Rich'
Bache, Owen Jones, Jun'r., Isaac Wharton by Rich'd Butler,
Jos Westmore & Thos. Flinn, and prov'd as to Rich'd Neave
by his Atto Rich'd Neave, Jr, Joseph Galloway, Jos Simon,
James Dundas, Wm. Thompson, Sam'l Postlethwaite by Jos
Westmore, Chas. Matheson & Thomas Flinn, & as to John

(74) Gibson was prov'd by Joseph Westmore, Chas. Matheson, and
Rich'd Butler, and OR. A Deed of Partition from and be-
tween the same Persons was proved as before and O R.

A Mortgage from Abraham Mitchell and Sarah his Wife to
Rich'd Neave was prov'd by Jos Westmore, Chas. Matheson,
and Thos. Flin, 3 of the Wits, and O R.

Philip Whitezell is App a Consta in the room of Andrew
Robertson.

John Dousman is App a Consta in the Town of Pittsburg,
and It is Ord that he be Sum'd.

Philip Whitezel Ap'd and took the Oaths and the Oath of a
Constable.

Wm. Forsythe, being bound over on the Complt of Henry
Woods, and thes'd Henry being called and failing to appear It
is Ord to be dis' d

Licence to keep an Ord is Granted to Thos. Brown at his
House at Redstone Fort, Bazel Brown hav'g on his hehalf
Ent'd into Bond Acer, to Law.

Licence to keep an Ord is granted to John DeCamp, he
hav'g Comp with ihe Law.

Hawkins vs Greathouse, Gar ; Abraham Miller affirmed he
has 1 Watch, and that he is Indebted to him also £8 Pennsyl-
vania Money, for which he has Passed his Bond for, and that
he has had no notice of any assignment ; Acc't proved & Jud
and O Sale and Ord Condem'd.

(75) Sam'l Griffith is App'd a Consta; It is Ord that he be
Sum'd before Wm. Goe to be Sworn into the Office.

John Greathouse is App a Consta ; It is Ord that he be
Sum'd before Geo Vallandigham to be Sworn into the s'd
Office.

Ord that the Court be Adj'd until to Morrow Morning 10
o'Clock John Campbell.

April 18, 1776: At a Court Con'd and held for Augusta County, April 18th
1776,

Pres't, John Campbell, Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost,
John Cannon.



564 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.

A Deed from Alex'r Ross, Atto to Wm. Dunbarr to Chas.
Simons, being form prov'd by Caleb Graydon and Chas. Sims,
was fur prov'd by Jas Mckee, the other Wit, & O R.

A Deed from Alex'r Ross to Chas. Sims prov'd as above and
OR.

A Deed from Alex'r Ross to Chas Sims prov'd as above &

OR.

A Power of Atto from Alex'r Ross, Atto for Wm. Dunbar,
to Chas Sims, prov'd as above, O R.

A Power of Atto, from Alex'r Ross to Chas Sims proved as
above, O R.

Licence to keep an Ord is Granted to Jacob Winemiller, he
hav'g Compl'd with the Law.
(76) On the Petition of James Mitchell & others seting forth that

a Road is Established from Conrad Walters, by Wm. Tea-
garden's ferry, to the Mouth of Wheeling, which is very Incon-
veniant to your Petrs, & praying that a Review of the s'd Road
be made, It is Ord that Ebenezer Zane, James McMahon,
David Owens, Henry Vanmatre, Dav'd Evans, Geo. Cox,
James McCoy, & John McClalan, or any 6 of them, being first
Sworn, Veiw if the old Road Estab is Conv, if not make a re-
port of the most Conv way, and the Inconv and Conv thereof,
to the next Court ; that the Surveyors desist from working on
the road until the report is returned

Ord that the Sheriff Summon 24 Persons to serve as a Grand
jury in May next

Ord that the Court be adjorned until the Court in Course

John Campbell.

April 17, 1777
We had good weather but a complete wind calm. One would believe that this day would be very peaceful, only the swaying of the ship increased as it sailed with a half wind and rolled all the more because the ship did not move forward, but right and left. The ship Symetry rocked against us (on the Durand). The wind calm prevented the necessary maneuvering and caused a rather scary outcry and work among the sailors. They could not get the ships separated quickly enough, because without the wind the steering rudder took no effect. Both bowsprits barely touched, but the Symetry’s broke off like a splinter and ours cracked so that it was necessary for the crew to cut three feet off the length. They had to work all day to restore everything to a proper condition and we finally and fortunately were separated
April 1778: On Roll without Comment


Personal ID: VA33719
Last Name: Moore First Name: Thomas Suffix:
Rank: 1st Lieut Rank Type: Commissioned Officer Ethnicity:
Brigade: Muhlenburg's Brigade Company: Captain Benjamin Harrison
State: VA Regiment: 13 VA Division: Stirling's Division

April 1778: Why were they all called Hessians
In early 1776, King George III of England hired units from the various houses or states of Germany to assist with bringing the the colonist's rebellion to order. The hiring of foreign troops to supplement a country's army was a normal procedure during this time of history. Several of the German rulers, needing hard currency and being "between wars", were only too happy to oblige.
They were Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (a principality in northern Hesse) King George III's brother in law, his son William, count of Hesse-Hanau and nephew to King George III; Charles I, Duke of Brunswick; Frederick, Prince of Waldeck; Charles Alexander, Margrave of Anspach-Bayreuth; and Frederick Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst.
About 18,000 Hessian troops arrived in North America in 1776, with more coming in later, of this about 3/4 of them were from Hesse-Kassel. Thus the colonist's newspapers referred to all of them as Hessians and the name stuck.
In addition to firepower, American rebels used propaganda against Hessians. They enticed Hessians to desert to join the German-American population. In April 1778, one letter promised 50 acres (0.2 km²) of land to every deserter. Benjamin Franklin wrote an article that claimed that a Hessian commander wanted more of his soldiers dead so that he could be better compensated.
After the war ended in 1783, 17,313 Hessians returned to their homelands. Of the 12,526 who did not, about 7,700 died - around 1,200 were killed in action and 6,354 died from illness or accidents. Approximately 5,000 Hessians settled in North America, both in the United States and Canada - some because their commanders refused to take them back to Germany because they were criminals or physically unfit. Most of them married and settled amongst the population of the newly formed United States. Many of them became farmers or craftsmen. The number of their direct descendants living in the U.S. and Canada today is still being debated.
April 1779
“In April, 1779, Lieutenant Lawrence Harrison, formerly of Gibson’s Lambs, now connected with the 13th Virginia, was sent to occupy Fort Crawford, a small stockade, built by Colonel William Crawford, at Parnassus, Wèstrnoreland County, Pennsylvania.” *
April 1780 Donelson party reached Fort Nashborough


April 1780: In 1778, he commanded the troops collected to oppose Frederick, who supported the rival claimant to Bavaria. Real fighting was averted by the unwillingness of Frederick to embark on a new war and by Maria Theresa's determination to maintain peace. In April 1780, Joseph paid a visit to Catherine II of Russia, against the wish of his mother.
As the son of Francis I, Joseph succeeded him as titular Duke of Lorraine and Bar, which had been surrendered to France on his father's marriage, and titular King of Jerusalem and Duke of Calabria (as a proxy for the Kingdom of Naples).
April 1781 Colonel Daniel Brodhead organized a force of 300 at Wheeling (Fort Henry) with Colonel David Shepard second in command. They marched to the forks of the Muskingum (junction of the Tuscaroras and Walhonding Rivers), the present site of Coshocton (at that time the Indian village of Goschachgunk)
April 1788-89
“April Court: Ordered that the Sheriff do pay to Hannah Crawford One hundred and thirty-five Pounds, being the amount of her Pension the last year., etc.”

April 1791: A second factor concerning the transaction is that Cornplanter met President Washington and the Secretary of War, Henry Knox, in Philadelphia in April 1791. Cornplanter wanted some territorial agreements made in prior treaties to be recinded, but Washington and Knox would not agree. However, Washington did address a question concerning the land then held by Cornplanter and his Seneca. Washington assured Cornplanter that "...no state nor person can purchase your lands, unless at some public treaty held under the Authority of the United States. The general Government will never consent to your being defrauded. But it will protect you in all your just rights...You possess the right to sell, and the right of refusing to sell your lands..." This was a major coup for an Indian. No state could take his land—like had happened to the Iroquois in NY. Finally, an Indian had the assurance of the President of the United States that his land was his and could not be taken away.
April 1798: Jackson was elected Tennessee's first Congressman and served from December 5, 1796 to March 3, 1797. He was U.S. Senator from March 4, 1797 until he resigned in April 1798, having been elected Judge of the State Supreme Court of Tennessee.
April 17, 1808: Napoleon Bonaparte orders the French seizure of American shipping.
April 17, 1824: United States signed a treaty with Russia setting southern boundary of Russian territory at 54 degrees 40’ north latitude .
April 17, 1831: ADLINE27 CRAWFORD, b. April 17, 1831, Butler County, Ohio; d. September 28, 1910; m. STANLEY MANSFIELD CASH, April 18, 1850.
Notes for ADLINE CRAWFORD:
Orphaned at 10; raised by her uncle Morris Parcels.
April 17-18, 1847: Battle of Cerro Gordo in the War with Mexico.
April 17, 1860: Huxley, Thomas Henry (1860), "Darwin on the Origin of Species", Westminster Review (April 17, 1860): 541–570,
April 17, 1861: A staunch Unionist and not a defender of slavery, Lee wanted to see the nation preserved but he was unwilling to invade the South to accomplish that end. Virginia secedes on April 17, 1861.

April 17, 1861: Virginia secedes from the Union. On April 17, 1861, just days after the American Civil War began with the Battle of Fort Sumter on April 12–13 (surrender on the 14th), a convention of the people of Virginia voted to secede from the Union.[10] (Citizens of the Commonwealth of Virginia ratified by popular vote on May 23 the Commonwealth's articles of secession, essentially finalizing separation from the Union.)[11] Also on April 17, US President Abraham Lincoln decided to offer the Command of the Union Army to Robert E. Lee.
April 17, 1863: We reached Smith Plantation, on Vidal Bayou, on
the afternoon of the 17th. Up to this time the divisions of Osterhaus and Carr were in our
advance.
Sun. April 17 , 1864
In camp wrote a letter to wildcat and one home no. 2 preaching at 10 am
Prayer meeting at 3 pm quite hot
William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary, 24th Iowa Infantry

April 17, 1864: LaCurtis Coleman STEPHENSON. Born on November 2, 1846 in Dewitt, Carroll County, Missouri. LaCurtis Coleman died in Snyder, Chariton County, Missouri on July 14, 1910; he was 63. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri. Civil War, Co. B., 9th Missouri Infantry.

Mabel Hoover Family Group Sheet for Marcus Stephenson lists LaCurtis Stephenson’s birthdate as “27 November 1847” and death date as “28 Feb. 1910,” at Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri--REF

On September 22, 1881 when LaCurtis Coleman was 34, he married Teresa Lee MADDEN, daughter of William MADDEN & Mary Ann CLARK(E), in Chariton County, Missouri. Born on April 17, 1864 in Washington, Indiana. Teresa Lee died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on July 8, 1949; she was 85. Buried on July 11, 1949 in Stephenson Cemetery, Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri.

April 17-20, 1864: Battle of Plymouth, NC.

April 17, 1875: The United Brethren Church was organized in 1874, when they built a neat frame structure, which has since been razed to the ground and supplanted by a very beautiful edifice with a parsonage under the same roof. The Baptist Church of Scottdale was organized April 17, 1875, with Rev. T. Hugus as pastor. The United Presbyterian Church was the first church organized in the new town of Scottdale.
In the town of Stonerville the Mennonites and the Church of God have each old places of worship, and although they have not held their own with other churches in members they are, nevertheless, a most respectable and religious element in the community.
April 17, 1876: Sarah Ella Clementine King (b. April 17, 1876 in GA / d. November 29, 1948 in AL)

April 27, 1876: Newton Henry Smith14 [Bennet A. Smith13, Aaron Smith12, Richard W. Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. June 18, 1874 in Carroll Co. GA / d. October 6, 1949 in Cullman Co. AL) married Sarah King (b. April 17, 1876 in Carroll Co. GA / d. November 29, 1948 in Cullman, AL), the daughter of William King and Lucinda Burt.

April 17, 1882:
Son of Claude George Bowes-Lyon and Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck:
The Hon Violet Hyacinth Bowes-Lyon April 17 1882 October 17 1893 11 years She died from diphtheria and was buried at Ham church.[12] She was never styled 'Lady' because she died before her father succeeded to the Earldom.

April 17, 1891: REBECCA CRAWFORD, b. December 18, 1818, Haywood County, North Carolina; d. April 17, 1891, Haywood County, North Carolina.
April 17, 1893: Carter Harrison Sr (III) terms as Mayor of Chicago:
5th term: April 17, 1893 Defeated Samuel W. Allerton (Republican), Dewitt C. Cregier (Un. Citizen) & Henry Ehrenpreis (socialist Labor)
Inauguration: 5th term: April 17, 1893
April 17, 1911: Carter Harrison Jr (IV) terms as Mayor of Chicago
Inauguration:
5th term: April 17, 1911, 9:25 p.m.

April 17, 1913- April 17, 1913

Birth: Apr. 17, 1913
Houston
Harris County
Texas, USA
Death: Apr. 17, 1913
Houston
Harris County
Texas, USA

Infant son of Mr. & Mrs. E. Goodlove.

Burial:
Glenwood Cemetery
Houston
Harris County
Texas, USA
Plot: Sect. NSR, Row 2, Grave 271

Created by: Robert Hague
Record added: Sep 24, 2012
Find A Grave Memorial# 97693453



Added by: Robert Hague



Added by: Robert Hague



Cemetery Photo
Added by: Julie Karen Hancock (Cooper) Jackson







April 17, 1914: Emmy Gottlieb born April 17, 1914 from Altenhamberg, Germany, and Ida Gottlieb born February 6, 1880 from Hagenback, Germany, were on board Convoy 17.
April 17, 1923: Jack Cornell Hamilton b April 17, 1923 at Sioux City, Ia. d January 30, 1948 at Los Angeles, Ca. md June 8, 1946 at Los Angeles, Ca. Dorothy Stevens. There were no children.
April 17, 1923: JAMES ALEXANDER CRAWFORD, b. October 18, 1836, Polk County, Tennessee; d. April 17, 1923, Texas.

April 17, 1926: Susan married Lafayette Pickelsimer (b. May 28, 1868 in GA / d. April 17, 1926).
April 17, 1926: Susan Dea Cavander13 [Emily H. Smith12, Gideon Smith11, Gabriel Smith10, John “LR” Smith9, Ambrose J. Smith8, Christopher Smith7, Christopher Smith6, Thomas Smythe5, Thomas Smythe4, John Smythe3, Richard2, William1] (b. November 23, 1866 in GA / d. April 12, 1950) married Lafayette Pickelsimer (b. May 28, 1868 in Fannin Co. GA / d. April 17, 1926), son of Adolphus Pickelsimer and Mary Jane Barnes.
April 17, 1942: The plan was more daring than most of TF 16's 10,000 men could imagine. After refueling on April 17, Hornet, Enterprise - the force's Flagship - and four cruisers would leave the destroyers and tankers behind, to make a high speed dash west, towards the Japanese home islands.
April 17, 1942: Fueling of the heavy vessels was undertaken April 17 when about 1000 miles east of Tokyo and was barely completed when the wind increased to gale force (wind south, 35 knots; sea rough, visibility 1 - 2 miles). At 1439 (L) the 2 CV, 3 CA and 1 CL proceeded independent of accompanying DD's and AO#s on a westerly course, averaging approximately 20 knots.
April 17, 1947: Eva Rowell (b. February 12, 1906 in GA / d. April 17, 1947)

April 17, 1961 (4:30 AM) Gen. Charles Cabell, deputy director of the CIA, calls
the White House, has Dean Rusk awaken JFK with a request for new air cover for Bay of Pigs
invasion. The request is for U. S. planes -- which are not “deniable.” Cabell is told no. (Despite the
cancellation of the dawn air strikes, the B-26s actually did fly in from Nicaragua to cover the landing beach
throughout the rest of D-Day. A total of 13 combat sorties were flown on D-Day, in the course of which 4
B-26s were lost to Cuban T-33 action.)
The Cuban Brigade lands at Bahia de Cochinos, or Bay of Pigs -- located about forty
miles west of Trinidad along the Zapata peninsula. Of the 1600 men, 114 are killed, 1,189 are
captured by Castro’s forces, and 150 either never land or make their way back to safety. It is a
humiliating defeat for the CIA planned invasion. JFK is blamed for not coming to their aid.
Head of the CIA, Allen Dulles, is out of the country during the invasion. Gen. Charles Cabell
acts as CIA coordinator during this time. In the CIA and some military circles the President is
accused of vacillation at the moment of crisis. The CIA’s reaction following the Bay of Pigs fiasco
suggests strongly that the Agency knew in advance the operation could not succeed without U.S.
military support, and had banked on being able to pressure the President into direct intervention.
CIA Director Dulles had encouraged the President to believe the landing would be followed by a
mass popular uprising -- a prospect CIA intelligence reports indicated was wholly improbable.
Contrary to the President’s express orders, CIA officers had landed on the beach with the exiles.
CIA agents had earlier told their Cuban proteges that they should go ahead with the invasion
even if the President called off the landing at the last moment.
JFK, LBJ, Rusk, McNamara, Lemnitzer, Burke, Bundy, Bissell, Walt Roston and Authur
Schlesinger, Jr. meet today in the President’s office. The reports are bad. Bissell and Burke
propose a concealed U.S. air strike from the carrier Esses lying off Cuba. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
and James Reston lunch with JFK. Schlesinger remembers him as being “free, calm, and candid; I
had rarely seen him more effectively in control.” JFK says: “I probably made a mistake in keeping Allen
Dulles on. It’s not that Dulles in not a man of great ability. He is. But I have never worked with him, and
therefore I can’t estimate his meaning when he tells me things . . . Dulles is a legendary figure, and it’s
hard to operate with legendary figures . . . I made a mistake in putting Bobby in the Justice Department.
He is wasted there . . . Bobby should be in CIA . . . It is a hell of a way to learn things, but I have learned
one thing from this business -- that is, we’ll have to deal with the CIA.”
Referring to the Bay of Pigs, RFK says: “The shit has hit the fan. The thing has turned sour in
a way you wouldn’t believe.” Kenny O’Donnell remembers JFK being “as close to crying” as I’ve
ever seen him. RFK privately tells JFK: “They can’t do this to you. Those black -bearded communists
can’t do this to you.” RFK remembers JFK as being “more upset at this time than he was at any other.”
To summarize the Bay Of Pigs invasion:
1. The crucial D-Day dawn strikes are canceled, supposedly by the President, without
the CIA attempting to consult him directly, because there would be “no point” in it.
2. The same strikes are made on D-Day evening, when it is too late, again without
consulting the President.
3. The crucial D+2 ammunition resupply convoy is stopped, without consulting the
President, because it would be “futile.”
4. The resupply is attempted by air on D+2, when it is too late, this time consulting the
President.
NOTE: Immediately following the Bay of Pigs disaster, the CIA begins to plan a second
invasion, training Cuban exiles and soldiers of fortune, on No Name Key in Florida, in
Guatemala, and on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana.
The CIA, theoretically more tightly controlled under the eye of RFK, also sets up
an extraordinary new center of operations. Code-named “JM/WAVE”, and situated in
Miami, it is, in effect, the headquarters for a very public “secret war” against Cuba. This is
the most ambitious CIA project ever, and comes to involve seven hundred CIA and coopted
Army officers recruiting, training, and supplying thousands of Cuban exiles. The
nerve center of the new struggle is set up in Miami, where the vast majority of the exiles
are concentrated. There, in woods on the campus of the University of Miami, the CIA
establishes a front operation in the shape of an electronics company called Zenith
Technological Services. In 1962, at the height of its activity, the “JM/WAVE” station
controls as many as 600 Americans, mostly CIA case officers, and up to 3000 contract
agents. Internally, the JM/WAVE station is also a logistical giant. It leases more than a
hundred staff cars and maintains its own gas depot. It keeps warehouses loaded with
everything from machine guns to coffins. It has its own airplanes and what one former
CIA officer calls “the third largest navy in the Western Hemisphere,” including hundreds of
small boats and huge yachts donated by friendly millionaires. One of the more active
sites, used by a variety of anti-Castro groups, is a small, remote island north of Key West
called, appropriately enough, No Name Key. It is home to a group called the International
anti-Communist Brigade (IAB), a collection of soldiers of fortune, mostly Americans, who
are recruited by Frank Fiorini Sturgis and a giant ex-Marine named Gerry Patrick
Hemming. (Like LHO, Hemming has been trained as a radar operator in California. Hemming
will later claim that LHO once even tried to join his IAB group.)
Also at this time it is worth noting that Carlos Bringuier is the chief New
Orleans delegate of the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil, known simply as the DRE or
the Directorio. The Directorio is headquartered in Miami under the wing of the CIA’s
JM/WAVE station. Bringuier and LHO will have several public encounters in the future.
Also, following the disaster of the Bay of Pigs, McGeorge Bundy’s status as
national security adviser is sharply upgraded. He is moved from the relatively humble
Executive Office Building, on the other side of West Executive Avenue, to the West Wing.
There, much closer to the President’s oval office, Bundy begins presiding over regular
morning meetings of his National Security Council staff. In addition he extends his sway
over the White House war room, with its huge maps and brightly colored telephones.

April 1967: The following notes are submitted as a supplement to an article contributed by Forrest P. Wood of Seattle, Washington,. which appeared in the April 1967, issue of Kentucky Ancestors (Vol. 2, No. 4). Mr. Wood’s article discussed the Lindsey—Moore Cemetery located near Poindexter in Harrison County. This cemetery was marked as a state historical site on April 17, 1969.
Buried in the L1ndsey-Moore Cemetery are the Revolutionary War officer, Captain Thomas Moore (1745—1823), and his wife, Mary (Harrison) Moore (1761—1836), their eldest son, William Moore, his wife, Eleanor (Dawson), and other descendants. The cemetery was included in a tract of land originally owned by David Lindsey, but sold to Thomas Moore after 1800.