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Jeffery Lee Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), Jefferson, LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, and including ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Teddy Roosevelt, U.S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison “The Signer”, Benjamin Harrison, Jimmy Carter, Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, William Taft, John Tyler (10th President), James Polk (11th President)Zachary Taylor, and Abraham Lincoln.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://wwwfamilytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspx
• • Books written about our unique DNA include:
• “Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People” by Jon Entine.
•
• “ DNA & Tradition, The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews” by Rabbi Yaakov Kleiman, 2004.
Gaylord Bowers
Louisa W. Godlove Robinso
Gabriella Hannah Morris
Verle R. Kruse
Herbert L. Mckinnon
Lyn E. Porch
Judy A. Sherman Wall
William C. Stephenson
Bridget Vance Muzzy
April 18, 1165 (4 Iyar, 4925): Maimon ben Maimon and his family leave Fez for Eretz Israel.[1]
1166: Song of Canute” written by English monk of Ely, Assize of Clarendon orders jails for all English shires and boroughs, Saladin builds Cairo citadel, First trial by jury - Clarendon, Dermot McMurrough of Leinster in Ireland asks for English help to settle squabbles in Ireland(rival kings). English start to settle Ireland. [2]
April 18, 1389: The Pope issued a bull condemning the attacks on the Jews of Bohemia that had begun on Easter Sunday, April 18, 1389. The mobs ignored the Pope and Emperor Wensceslaus refused to protect his Jewish subjects claiming that they deserved to suffer since they should not have been out of their houses on Easter Sunday.[3]
April 18th, 1506 - The cornerstone of the current St. Peter's Basilica is laid.[4]
April 18, 1521
Luther, before the imperial Diet of Worms on April 18, 1521:”Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason, I do not accept the authority of popes and councils, for they have contradicted EACH OTHER, BY CONSCIENCE IS CAPTIVE TO THE WORD OF God. [5] At the Diet of Worms, German reformer Martin Luther proclaimed that a biblical foundation supported the theological position of his "Ninety-Five Theses." Luther ended his defense with the famous words: 'Here I stand! I can do nothing else! God help me! Amen.' Luther had a profound effect on Western history in general and Jewish history in particular. His inability to convert the Jews led him down the path of virulent anti-Semitism. At the same, his split with the Catholic Church led to centuries of religious warfare and conflict that found the Jews caught in the middle. [6]
On his way home from his courageous performance at Worms in 1521, Luther was “kidnapped” by friendly forces and spirited away to the Castle of Warburg. Condemned as a heretic at the Diet and put under the ban of the Empire, his life was in serious jeopardy. Fearing for his safety, the Elector of Saxony, Frederick the Wise, arranged for Luther to be abducted to the famous old castle for safekeeping. In his voluntary exile, Luther” assumned the dress of a knight, grew a beard, ahnd went by the name of “Junker Georg.[7]
Luther is not considered infallible by the church that bears his name. His attitude toward the Jews is not official doctrine of the Lutheran Church. In Germany, the Lutheran Church proved to be an early opponent of Hitler.[8]
April 18, 1534: An order was issued that all citizens of London were to swear. Similar orders were issued throughout the country. When Parliament reconvened in November, Cromwell brought in the most significant revision of the treason laws since 1352, making it treasonous to speak rebellious words against the royal family, to deny their titles, or to call the King a heretic, tyrant, infidel, or usurper. The Act of Supremacy also clarified the King's position as head of the church, and the Act for Payment of First Fruits and Tenths substantially increased clerical taxes. Cromwell also strengthened his own control over the church.[9]
On April 18, 1540, Henry granted Cromwell the earldom of Essex and the senior court office of Lord Great Chamberlain.[1] Despite these signs of royal favour, Cromwell's tenure as the King's chief minister was almost over. The King's anger at being forced to marry Anne of Cleves was the opportunity Cromwell's conservative opponents, most notably the Duke of Norfolk, needed to topple him.[8][10]
April 18, 1565: She received intelligence of their approval, and hastened to announce the same to Elizabeth. As soon as this princess was aware of it, she ordered the Countess of Lennox to be kept in arrest at her house in Whitehall. At the same time she sent Sir
Nicholas Throckmorton to Scotland with representations to Mary, and to arrange with Murray as to the means of breaking off the projected marriage. [11]
April 18, 1571: To THE Duke of Alva. [12]
From Sheffield, the 18 April, 1571.
I believe that by Don Gueran d'Espes*[13] you have been duly informed of the proceedings of the Queen of England in the negotiation and rupture of that treaty ; and lastly, of the surprise of Dumbarton Castle which followed it. I shall only say to you by this cipher that, besides from her previous conduct we may expect nothing but evil from her designs, I
am surely apprised of it by the secret manœuvres by which she seeks to gain over the governor of Edinburgh Castle, and others of my obedient subjects, and consequently the rest of my kingdom, and to make herself lady and mistress of the whole island. I shall not myself enter more at length on the point "whither tend her other designs, which seem based upon her marriage with the Duke of Anjou, the negotiation for which
is so warm, that the two sufficiently show that it is something more than a mere feint. But to facilitate what you have heard from him who has gone to you,*[14] and thence to the Pope and the King of Spain, it is very necessary that there shall be in Scotland the means for calling thither the Queen of England's troops by some commotion, especially at the time when some good enterprise shall be ready for execution on this
side. This is the reason why I send to you Lord Seton, who, however, has no knowledge of anything relating to this country, but solely to Scotland ; by whom I beg you to send some assistance and support, such as you shall recommend for procrastinating and preventing the Queen of England from taking possession of the whole. He will inform you of the
state of affairs, and of what may be required there. Besides, he is my most faithful and devoted subject and servant, an honest man, and a Catholic, and in whom you may confide as I do, being convinced that after God's honour, he has no other object before him but his duty towards me. He has been suspected in France of having negotiated with you, and in part very malcontent. And so, my cousin, I pray God to
give you the greatest and best of your wishes.
Written at the Castle of Sheffield, 18th of April, 1571. [15]
April 18, 1644: About two months after the second Indian
massacre, which occurred on April 18, 1644, Berkeley returned to England,
leaving as deputy governor his secretary, the Councillor Richard Kemp.
In the year of the execution of King Charles and the establishment of the Commonwealth in England (1649) appeared the "Perfect Description
of Virginia," with the following information: "There are about 15,000
English in Virginia and of Negros brought thither three hundred good
servants. About 29 sail a year trade with them and return home laden in
March. Most of the Masters of Ships and Mariners also have plantations
there and houses and servants * * * About a thousand English are seated
on the Accomac Shore by Cape Charles where Captain Yeardley is now
chief commander (now commonly called the county of Northampton)
* * * There are twelve counties in Virginia and 20 churches."
During the Civil War in Britain a considerable number of Royalists
emigrated to Virginia, which held steadfast to the old regime until the
arrival of the Parliamentary fleet. Then, without attempting resistance,
Virginia agreed to an accommodation.[16]
II. 111 March 25, 1681: – April 18, to Sr. Lois and Sr. de Villers silversmiths who are working on a silver balustrade for the king, for continued work (two payments): 40,000 livres[17]
April 18, 1774: “We are informed that Lord Dartmouth has nominated George
Mercer, Esq., to be Governor of the new colony on the Ohio, which,
should be called Pittsylvania.”—Dunlap’s (Pa.) Packet, April 18, 1774,
April 18, 1775: On April 18, 700 Redcoats marched towards Concord Bridge. The military action led to the Revolutionary War, the birth of the United States as a new nation, the temporary downfall of Lord North and the near abdication of King George III. The Treaty of Paris marking the conflict's end guaranteed New Englanders the right to fish off Newfoundland--the right denied them by the New England Restraining Act.[18]
King George III is the 3rd great grandfather of the husband of the 9th cousin 2x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
April 18, 1775
[19]
Paul Revere
Late on the night of April 18, 1775, a middle aged silversmith set out from his home, on a mission thast would become legend.
Thanks to Longfellow’s poem, Pauol Revere is today America’s most celebrated patriot, and his midnight ride the Revolution’s best known event.
April 18, 1775
“One if by land, and two, if by sea”
[20]
Back entrance to The Old North Church, Boston.
[21]
The steeple of Old North Church, towering heavenward over the North Enmd, is perhaps Boston’smost famous landmark. Here, on the night of April 18, 1775, the signal lanterns of Paul Revere shone to warn the country of the British troops march. Few evens in American history are so well known as this daring act of military intelligence on the eve of our Revolution.
[22]
Sign on The Old North Church in Boston.
[23]
Sherri Maxson and Jeff Goodlove listen attentively to the presentation given by the Pastor of the Old North Church in Boston.
[24]
Sherri Maxson inside one of enclosed
pews inside the Old North Church in Boston.
[25]
Like any good Anglican (Episcopalian) church the Old North Church has an organ that can shake the rafters.
Many years after the American Revolution, Levi Preston, a member of the Danvers militia, was asked why he had marched to fight on the the day of Lexington and Concord. Was it the Stamp Act? The tea tax? “Intolerable oppressions”? No, no, none of that. “Young man,” Preston said, “what we meant in going for those red coats was this; We had always governed ourselves, and we always meant to. They didn’t mean we should.’
That , in a nutshell, was the essence of the Revolution.[26]
April 18, 1776: At a Court Con'd and held for Augusta County, April 18th
1776,
Pres't, John Campbell, Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost,
John Cannon.
A Deed from Alex'r Ross, Atto to Wm. Dunbarr to Chas.
Simons, being form prov'd by Caleb Graydon and Chas. Sims,
was fur prov'd by Jas Mckee, the other Wit, & O R.
A Deed from Alex'r Ross to Chas. Sims prov'd as above and
OR.
A Deed from Alex'r Ross to Chas Sims prov'd as above &
OR.
A Power of Atto from Alex'r Ross, Atto for Wm. Dunbar,
to Chas Sims, prov'd as above, O R.
A Power of Atto, from Alex'r Ross to Chas Sims proved as
above, O R.
Licence to keep an Ord is Granted to Jacob Winemiller, he
hav'g Compl'd with the Law.
(76) On the Petition of James Mitchell & others seting forth that
a Road is Established from Conrad Walters, by Wm. Tea-
garden's ferry, to the Mouth of Wheeling, which is very Incon-
veniant to your Petrs, & praying that a Review of the s'd Road
be made, It is Ord that Ebenezer Zane, James McMahon,
David Owens, Henry Vanmatre, Dav'd Evans, Geo. Cox,
James McCoy, & John McClalan, or any 6 of them, being first
Sworn, Veiw if the old Road Estab is Conv, if not make a re-
port of the most Conv way, and the Inconv and Conv thereof,
to the next Court ; that the Surveyors desist from working on
the road until the report is returned
Ord that the Sheriff Summon 24 Persons to serve as a Grand
jury in May next
Ord that the Court be adjorned until the Court in Course
John Campbell. [27][28]
April 20, 1776: At a Court held at Pittsburgh, for the District of West
Augusta the Twentieth day of August, 1776 :
Present, Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost, John Gibson,
David Sheperd, John Cannon, and William Goe, gent.
Dorsey Penticost and John Gibson, Gent, administered the
Oath prescribed by an ordinance entitled ' ' an ordinance to en-
able the present Magistrates & officers to continue the adminis-
tration of Justice & for setling the General mode of Proceeding
in criminal and other cases, till the same can be more amply
provided for," to Edward Ward, Gent, and then the said Ed-
Minutes of Court at Fort Dunmore. 565
ward Ward administered the aforesaid oath to John Gibson,
Dorsey Penticost, John Cannon, David Shepherd, and Wm.
Goe, Gentn. David Shepherd, and John Cannon, Gent, are
(77) appointed to Contract with some person or persons to build a
house 24 by 14 With a petition in the middle, to be Used for
a Goal at Augusta Town. 17
John Madison, Jun'r, Denuty Clerk, took the Oath appointed
by an Ordinance of Convention.
Patrick McElroy, Deputy Sheriff, took the Aforesaid Oath.
Court Proclaimed.
McKinley vs Beal, Agreed, pd.
Samuel Newell and Michael Thorn, being bound over on the
Complt of James Chambers, who being called and not appear-
ing to prosecute It is Ord that they be discharged.
Dav'd Steel, a Deputy Sheriff, took the Oath appointed by
an Ordinance of Convention.
Admon of the Estate of Joshua Hudson, dec'd, granted to
his brother Wm. Hudson, he hav'g Comp with the Law.
Ordered that Robert Jones, John Jarrett, Henry Hall, and
Aaron Jenkins, or any 3, App the Estate.
Ord that all the Constables be Summoned to be Sworn agre-
able to the Ordinance of Convention before the most Con-
venient Magistrate to them.
Edward Ward, Dorsey Penticost, and John Gibson, Gentn,
are recommended as proper persons for his Excellency to choose
one of them to Act as Sheriff for the Ensuing Year.
Alex'r McKee, Philip Ross, Benja Kuykendall, John Nevill,
David Rodgers, Isaac Cox, Geo McCormick, Matthew Ritchey,
Wm. Louther, John Evans, Jas. Chew, David Scott, John
(78) Harden, Sen'r, John Swearengen, Thomas Gaddis, James Mc-
Coy, Wm. Harrison, John DeCamp, Caleb Graydon, Henry
Heath, Sam'l Newell, Thos Brown, James Hammond, Thos
Freeman, Wm Moore, Joshua Wright, Rich'd Yeats, John Mc-
Dowell, Erasmus Bokias, David Enocks, James Hopkins, Henry
Enocks, Henry Vanmetree, Chas Dodd, Daniel Mcfarlane,
John Mitchell, James Caldwell, John Walker, John Williamson,
Sen'r, Wm. Scott, Thomas Polk, David Andrews, John Mc-
11 This Augusta Town, was at Catfish-camp, afterward Washington, Washington
Co., Pa.
37
566 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.
Donald, Oliver Miller, Zachariah Spriggs, And'w Swearengen,
BenjaFry, Jonathan Coburn,John Hamilton, and Jonas Freind,
are recommended as proper persons to be added to the Com-
mission of the Peace.
Moses Williamson, Jun'r, is App'd a Constable, and It is
Ord that he be Sum'd to be Sworn into the office before Mr.
David Shepherd.
Ord that the Court be adjorned until the third Tuesday in
September next to Catfish Camp 1S Augusta Town
Edw. Ward. [29]
April 18, 1788 John Hardin Junr for part of Preemption 1828. Warrant dated June 16, 1781. 202 acres in Harrison Co. Both sides Cove Run; adj sd "Hardings" other land. Patent Book 16, p.573
The above accounts for 3010 acres. These also show that his settlement on Cove Run became part of Harrison Co. The Tygart Valley River flows out of the Allegheny Mountains, flowing generally northward through Eastern West Virginia. It's two largest tributaries are the Buckhannon and Middle Fork Rivers. The Tygart is the principal tributary of the Monongahela River.
The counties of Monongalia, Ohio, & Yohogania were created from the District of West Augusta of Augusta Co VA in 1776. Part of the area was also called Westmoreland Co PA and claimed by both states. The northeast corner of Monogalia became Fayette Co PA in 1783. Harrison Co VA was formed out of Monogalia in 1784 - then Randolph Co was formed from part of Harrison in 1787. Randolph Co remained a part of Virginia until the formation of West Virginia in 1863. [30]
It was at that time in Harrison Co, West side Little "Kenhawa" River, mouth of Naul's Creek also known as Poplar bottom. This patent dated April 18, 1788, the same date as he received the last patent for his pre-emption certificates. Patent Book 16, p.577.
According to his son Nestor, John settled in Hardin's Cove in Randolph Co in 1771. He relocated to Georges Creek in PA. His will disposed of lands in Fayette Co PA, Randolph Co VA, Harrison Co VA, at Hardin's Cove [also Randolph] and Monongalia Co VA and his mills and convenience of waterworks where he lived in Fayette Co PA. [The mills have given him the nickname "Miller John". [31]
April 18, 1782
“To the Honorable Brigadier General William Irvine, -Esq., commanding western department:
“We, the non-commissioned officers and soldiers of the 7th Virginia regiment, having heard the speech your honor made to the troops at this post, do present you with these few lines, as follow:
“We have been at this post almost four years, and have been without pay two years and three months of the time; this undoubtedly your honor must be acquainted with. Your honor likewise saw when you first arrived here in what a deplorable condition we were, for want of clothing, almost naked, several days without provisions, in cold, open barracks with little fuel or fire — these extreiiiitFës made us to utter things much to the prejudice of the character of soldiers; but that thing of murder, mutiny or desertion we abhor and disdain — it never was our real intentions, and we should look upon every one that has had that bad opinion of us to be our enemies. We have always been ready to exert oursel yes in the service of our country, but more particularly, on these frontiers, entrusted to our charge. We are too sensible of the troubles and inconveniences (although there is but a handful of regu’ar troops here) if this post should be evacuated. Though we have been upbraided by the country inhabitants for our fidelity — they calling us fools, cowards and a set of mean fellows for staying without our pay and just dues —yet we think more of our honor than to listen to any advice than what is given to us by our officers.
“It is reported amongst the soldiery that the officers of our regiment and the Indians have received pay; if it is so, we are sorry thak the Indians should be paid in preference to us. But this is news we cannot well credit. We are well assured your honor is too much of a soldier’s friend.
“We thought it very hard when the depreciation money was paid to the Pennsylvania line and none to the Virginia; and if the Indians have received pay, we think this harder.
“We are very sorry the country is not better able to pay the troops employed in its service; but we must needs know and consider within our breasts, that when the war commenced the country was young and unprepared, and must of consequence be much in debt; but we hope it will overcome all in a short time, to our great joy and satisfaction, and we have no further reason to complain. We have nothing further to add, but remain your honor’s most obedient and faithful soldiers of the 7th Virginia regiment.”
Notes taken by Irvine at this convention were as follow:
“Arrangement of troops in the western district.
“Forts Pitt and McIntosh garrisoned by regular troops. Westmoreland county to keep in actual service sixty-five men. These are formed into two companies, under the direction of a field officer. They are to be constantly ranging along the frontier (and do not occupy any stationary post) from the Alleghany river to the Laurel Hill.
“Washington county to keep in actual service 160 militia, to range along the Ohio, from Montour’s Bottom to Wheeling, thence some distance along the southern line — under two field officers.
“I have not yet been able to draw any from the counties of Virginia, even for their own defense. The lieutenants say, in excuse, that they have not received any instructions for this purpose from government; that they are not able, etc. 1 have written the governor on this subject.”
…actually on duty under you; and you will direct each captain or officer commanding a company, in the last week of the month, to make out a musterroll of his company, pointing out the day of the month each man joined, and also if any left him, and what day, noting the cause. This muster-roll must be sworn to by the officer and certified either by Colonel [James] Marshel [lieutenant of Washington couutyj, one of the sub-lieutenants, a justice of the peace, or by you. When so completed it must be transmitted to me. You will likewise compare with the officers their returns of men, the muster-rolls and provision returns, and with them correct any mistakes.
“It is impossible to give instructions so minute but what circumstances may intervene either fib make an alteration necessary or something done which is not at first, nor can be, foreseen. A great deal must therefore depend on your own judgment and prudence. Among other matters, however, you will take particular care that no unnecessary waste of public property of any kind is committed.
“Given under my hand at Fort Pitt, April 18, 1782.
“Wsr. IRVINE, B. Gen’l.[32]
April 18, 1796: Congress passes an act, establishing trading houses with Indian tribes.[33]
View Tree for Wm. GoodloeWm. Goodloe (b. WFT Est. 1751-1778, d. WFT Est. 1800-1843)
Wm. Goodloe was born WFT Est. 1751-1778, and died WFT Est. 1800-1843. He married Susannah Woods on February 23, 1796, daughter of Archibald Woods and Mourning Harris Shelton.
April 1800: After a bloodless but ugly campaign in which candidates and influential supporters on both sides used the press, often anonymously, as a forum to fire slanderous volleys at each other, the then-laborious and confusing process of voting began in April 1800. Individual states scheduled elections at different times and although Jefferson and Burr ran on the same ticket, as president and vice president respectively, the Constitution still demanded votes for each individual to be counted separately. [34]
April 1805: In April 1805, while lighting his pipe, Lalawethika fell into a deep trance. His family believed that he had died and prepared his body for a funeral. Lalawethika regained consciousness and claimed that the Master of Life, a Shawnee Indian deity, had visited him. According to Lalawethika, the Master of Life told him that the Indians must give up all white customs and products. The Master of Life reportedly viewed the natives' dependence on guns, iron cookware, glass beads, and alcohol as the worst possible sins. If they rejected these items and returned to traditional ways, the Master of Life would reward them by driving the white settlers from the Indians' land. The Native Americans must also stop fighting with each other over land and respect their tribal elders. If they followed the Master of Life's message, the natives would return to a life filled with happiness. Lalawethika also changed his name to Tenskwatawa. Tenskwatawa means "open door" in Shawnee. If the Indians followed the Master of Life's message as delivered by Tenskwatawa, they would have an open door. Whites called Tenskwatawa "the Prophet."[35]
Many Indians were at first skeptical of Tenskwatawa, but most natives eventually accepted his message. His following grew throughout 1805. He formed a village for his followers at Greenville in Ohio. He met with the various tribes living in the State of Ohio and the Indiana Territory. Among these groups were the Seneca Indians, the Wyandot Indians, and the Ottawa Indians. [36]
April 1805: Clark sent to his brother Jonathan in Louisville three boxes of materials he gathered on the expedition, and a letter of explanation. He wrote, "3 horns of the mountain Ram all Small but one a faun those Animals inhabit Coat noir & Rockey mountains in great numbers, and much prized by the Indians (one for Govr. Harrison). . . ." William Clark to Jonathan Clark, Fort Mandan [in present day North Dakota], April, 1805, Dear Brother: Letters of William Clark to Jonathan Clark, James J. Holmberg, ed. (New Haven, Conn., 2002), 85. (B00606)
Clark wrote to Harrison from Fort Mandan in 1805. The long and detailed letter describes the country, wildlife, and Indian tribes he had encountered. Clark explained, "I do my self the pleasure of giving you a summary view of the Missouri &c [country]." Clark to Harrison, April 2, 1805, Fort Mandan, Letters, Jackson, ed., 227-30. (B00601)
(4)For Harrison's involvement in sending a group of Indian chiefs to Washington, see the following sources: Pierre Chouteau (Agent of Indian Affairs, Saint Louis) writes to Harrison regarding the Indian chiefs who had arrived in St. Louis from Fort Mandan. Chouteau asked Harrison for instructions for conducting the chiefs to Washington. There are numerous references to taking Indians to Washington to meet the "father." Pierre Chouteau to Wm. H. Harrison, St. Louis, May 22, 1805, Messages and Letters, Esarey, ed., 128-30. (B00603)
April 1805: In April 1805, while lighting his pipe, Lalawethika fell into a deep trance. His family believed that he had died and prepared his body for a funeral. Lalawethika regained consciousness and claimed that the Master of Life, a Shawnee Indian deity, had visited him. According to Lalawethika, the Master of Life told him that the Indians must give up all white customs and products. The Master of Life reportedly viewed the natives' dependence on guns, iron cookware, glass beads, and alcohol as the worst possible sins. If they rejected these items and returned to traditional ways, the Master of Life would reward them by driving the white settlers from the Indians' land. The Native Americans must also stop fighting with each other over land and respect their tribal elders. If they followed the Master of Life's message, the natives would return to a life filled with happiness. Lalawethika also changed his name to Tenskwatawa. Tenskwatawa means "open door" in Shawnee. If the Indians followed the Master of Life's message as delivered by Tenskwatawa, they would have an open door. Whites called Tenskwatawa "the Prophet."[37]
Many Indians were at first skeptical of Tenskwatawa, but most natives eventually accepted his message. His following grew throughout 1805. He formed a village for his followers at Greenville in Ohio. He met with the various tribes living in the State of Ohio and the Indiana Territory. Among these groups were the Seneca Indians, the Wyandot Indians, and the Ottawa Indians. [38]
April 1806: Marcus STEPHENSON. Born in 1742 in Frederick County, Virginia. Marcus died in St. Louis, Missouri in April 1806; he was 64.
In 1774 when Marcus was 32, he married Sarah MEEK. Born in 1748 in Pennsylvania. Sarah died in Schuylerr County, Missouri in 1842; she was 94.
They had the following children:
i. Richard.
ii. Nancy.
iii. Mary.
Mary married David McQUITY.
iv. Rachel.
Rachel married Jefferson FULSHER.
v. Sarah.
Sarah married Daniel CRUMP.
vi. Effie.
Effie married Silas RICHARDSON.
vii. Francis.
Francis married George W. LANE.
9 viii. John (1785-)[39]
April 1814
David Lindsay purchased land from Thomas Moore on Mill Creek, just North West of Cynthiana, Harrison County, Kentucky. This is a document about the Lindsay Cemetery there. Oddly enough, not one Lindsay burial is cited! A mystery at this time is the whereabouts of David's first wife. We believe she died in this area after having several children in Kentucky. It's as if she never existed!
David's second wife, Agnes (Nancy) McNay, married in 1796. She is was co-administrator of the estate with my ggGrandfather, John Lindsay.
David died in 1814.
?/?1814 Died in Harrison CO, KY.[40]
April 1814
67 1/3 acres laid off to Nancy Lindsay as her dower from estate of deceased husband (April 1814) David Lindsay
[41]
Dowers Deed
April 18, 1839: Louisa Godlove, born April 18, 1839. [42]
April 18, 1845: William Crawford STEPHENSON. Born on April 18, 1845 in Dewitt, Carroll County, Missouri. William Crawford died in Keytsville, Chariton County, Missouri on February 28, 1931; he was 85. Buried in Bethel Cemetery, Keytsville, Howard County, Missouri.
Copy of Obituary included in Mabel Hoover Papers (unknown publication), transcribed by Robert E. Francis, November 2, 2000:
Wm. C. Stephenson Answers Final Bugle
Prominent Pioneer Citizen and Former Confederate Passed Away
Wm. Crawford Stephenson, son of Marcus and Kathryn Stephenson, was born in Carroll County, near DeWitt, Mo., April 10, 1845 and died February 28, 1931, near Keytesville, Mo., age 85 years, 10 months and 18 days. At the age of 3 years his mother died and he was cared for by his older sisters. When he was 18 years old he joined the Confederate Army and served under General Sterling Price until the close of the war.
On December 21, 1879, he was married to Martha A. Jenkins. To this union six children were born: of the home; Roy, Watertown, South Dakota; Mrs. Stella Mauzey, Mendon; and Mrs. Arbelle Beebe of Marceline. Seven grandchildren also survive.
Only one brother of the family is left to mourn his death, Tolbert Stephenson, all others passing away several years ago.
Mr. Stephenson joined the Methodist church about 45 years ago.
He was a good and kindly neighbor and will be sorely missed.
Rev. Lynn of Huntsville, conducted the funeral services at Bethel church Monday afternoon in the presence of a large concourse of friends and neighbors. Thus ends the earthly life of one of (remainder missing).
-----
Notes alongside obituary handwritten by Mabel Hoover:
“Wm. Crawford Stephenson entered the Civil War 1863 until the close 1865. Pvt. under Gen. Sterling Price. Confederate Army in Tex.”
On December 21, 1879 when William Crawford was 34, he married Martha A. JENKINS. Born on January 20, 1859 in Keytesville, Missouri. Martha A. died in Keytesville, Missouri on April 22, 1925; she was 66.
They had the following children:
i. Charles Marcus. Born on August 25, 1880 in Chariton County, Missouri. Charles Marcus died in Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri on August 24, 1883; he was 2. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Dean Lake, Chariton County, Missouri.
ii. James Augustus. Born on April 1, 1884 in Triplett, Chariton County, Missouri. James Augustus died in Marecline, Linn County, Missouri on February 15, 1959; he was 74.
23 iii. Stella Verlea (1892-1964)
iv. William Roy. Born on September 12, 1888 in Near Keytesville, Missouri. William Roy died in Watertown, South Dakota on August 15, 1972; he was 83.
William Roy married Lilly Viola STROUP.
24 v. Jodie Arbelle (1899-1986)
April 18, 1847: Robert E. Lee distinguished himself in the Mexican–American War (1846–48). He was one of Winfield Scott's chief aides in the march from Veracruz to Mexico City. He was instrumental in several American victories through his personal reconnaissance as a staff officer; he found routes of attack that the Mexicans had not defended because they thought the terrain was impassable.
He was promoted to brevet major after the Battle of Cerro Gordo on April 18, 1847.[42] He also fought at Contreras, Churubusco, and Chapultepec and was wounded at the last. By the end of the war, he had received additional brevet promotions to Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel, but his permanent rank was still Captain of Engineers and he would remain a Captain until his transfer to the cavalry in 1855.
For the first time, Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant met and worked with each other during the Mexican-American War. Both Lee and Grant participated in Scott's march from the coastal town of Vera Cruz to Mexico City. Grant gained wartime experience as a quartermaster, Lee as an engineer who positioned troops and artillery. Both did their share of actual fighting. At Vera Cruz, Lee earned a commendation for "greatly distinguished" service. Grant was among the leaders at the bloody assault at Molino del Rey, and both soldiers were among the forces that entered Mexico City. Close observations of their commanders constituted a learning process for both Lee and Grant.[43][43]
April 18, 1850: ADLINE27 CRAWFORD, b. April 17, 1831, Butler County, Ohio; d. September 28, 1910; m. STANLEY MANSFIELD CASH, April 18, 1850.
Notes for ADLINE CRAWFORD:
Orphaned at 10; raised by her uncle Morris Parcels. [44]
April 1851: (Werneck) In 19. Century developed the number of the Jewish inhabitants as follows: 1814 seven Jewish families. (Translation)
The 1814 Jewish families mentioned were Lob Weglein (goods dealer, died April 1851), Itzig Kleemann (geb. 1753, cattle dealer, married, six children), the brothers Isaak and Simon Kleemann (1826/31 called as cattle dealers), the widow of Moses Aron Weglein (trade, probably mother of Moses Weglein), Itzig Federlein (trade, married), Berla, the widow of Anschel Moses Friedlich (Hausierhandel), Joel Weglein (married, two children). [45]
April 1861: When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861, Robert E. Lee chose to follow his home state, despite his personal desire for the country to remain intact and despite the fact that President Abraham Lincoln had offered Lee command of a Union Army.[1] During the Civil War, Lee originally served as a senior military adviser to President Jefferson Davis. He soon emerged as a shrewd tactician and battlefield commander, winning numerous battles against far superior Union armies. His abilities as a tactician have been praised by many military historians.[2][3] Lee's strategic foresight was more doubtful, and both of his major offensives into the North ended in defeat.[4][5][6] Lee's aggressive tactics during the war that resulted in high casualties, when the Confederacy had a shortage of manpower, has recently drawn criticism.[7] Union General Ulysses S. Grant's campaigns bore down on the Confederacy in 1864 and 1865, and despite inflicting heavy casualties, Lee was unable to turn the war's tide.[46]
April 18, 1861: Robert E. Lee, who at that time was a colonel who had served in the United States Army for 35 years, was offered command of the Federal Army by Francis Preston Blair (at Blair House) during a visit across the Potomac to Washington. Lee had disapproved of secession, but decided that he could not fight against his native Commonwealth.[47] Lee turned down an April 18 offer by presidential aide Francis P. Blair to command the defense of Washington D.C. as a major general, as he feared that the job might require him to invade the South. When Lee asked Scott, who was also a Virginian, if he could stay home and not participate in the war, the general replied "I have no place in my army for equivocal men."[62][48]
April 1862: When New Orleans fell to Federal troops in late April 1862, Confederate control of the Mississippi was in jeopardy. The confederate army had already fortified the river fluffs at Vicksburg, Mississippi, but it needed another series of river batteries below the mouth of the Red River. The Red River was the primary route for the shipment of supplies from Texas to the heartland of the Confederacy.
The bluffs near the small town of Port Hudson represented a perfect site for the river batteries. These bluffs were the first high ground upstream from Baton Rouge and overlooked a severe bend in the river. This bend presented an additional obstacle for Union warships.[49]
April 18, 1862: John GUTLEBEN was born on July 13, 1801 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died on April 18, 1862 at age 60.
John married Barbe HUCK (d. December 20, 1865) on March 24, 1822. [50]
John GUTLEBEN was born on July 13, 1801 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died on April 18, 1862 at age 60.
John married Barbe HUCK, daughter of Mathias HUCK and Anna Barbara MATTER, on March 24, 1822. Barbe was born on May 4, 1803 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died on December 20, 1865 at age 62.
Children from this marriage were:
4 M i. John GUTLEBEN was born on October 22, 1823 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died on May 16,1864 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace at age 40.
John married Catherine BRAESCH.
5 M ii. Mathias GUTLEBEN was born about 1828. [51]
Mon. April 18, 1864:
In camp went to draw rations. Fixed up campground grandecore about as large as Springville high bank on river south low on north
William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary 24th Iowa Infantry[52]
CAVALRY DIVISION, ARMY OF THE GULF
BRIGADIER GENERAL RICHARD ARNOLD
(As of April 18, 1864)
1st Brigade - Colonel Thomas J. Lucas
12th Illinois Cavalry Regiment --- Colonel Hasbouck Davis
16th Indiana Mounted Infantry Regiment --- Captain James M. Hildreth
2nd Louisiana (U.S.) Mounted Infantry --- Colonel Charles Everett
6th Missouri Cavalry Regiment --- Major Bacon Montgomery
3rd Brigade - Lieutenant Colonel John M. Crebs
1st Louisiana (U.S.) Cavalry Regiment --- Major Algernon S. Badger
87th Illinois Mounted Infantry Regiment --- Major George W. Land
4th Brigade - Colonel Edmund J. Davis
2nd Illinois Cavalry Regiment --- Major Benjamin F. Marsh
3rd Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment --- Lieutenant Colonel Lorenzo D. Sargent
31st Massachusetts Mounted Infantry --- Captain Elbert H. Fordham
2nd New Hampshire Cavalry Regiment --- Lieutenant Colonel George A. Flanders
5th Brigade - Colonel Oliver P. Gooding
2nd New York Veteran Cavalry Regiment --- Colonel Morgan H. Crysler
18th New York Cavalry Regiment --- Colonel James J. Byrne
3rd Rhode Island Cavalry Regiment --- Lieutenant Colonel Charles H. Parkhurst
Artillery
Battery "B", 2nd Massachusetts Light Artillery --- Captain Ormand F. Nims
Battery "F", 1st U.S. Light Artillery --- Lieutenant William L. Haskins
Battery "G", 5th U.S. Light Artillery --- Lieutenant Jacob B. Rawles
Unattached
Company "C", 49th Indiana Cavalry Regiment --- Captain Andrew P. Gallagher
3rd Maryland Cavalry Regiment --- Colonel Byron Kirby
DETACHMENTS XVI & XVII CORPS, ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE
BRIGADIER GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON SMITH
1st Division, XVI Corps - Brigadier General Joseph Anthony Mower
2nd Brigade - Colonel Lucius F. Hubbard
47th Illinois Infantry Regiment --- Colonel John D. McClure
5th Minnesota Infantry Regiment --- Major John C. Becht
8th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment --- Lieutenant Colonel John W. Jefferson
3rd Brigade - Colonel Sylvester G. Hill
35th Iowa Infantry Regiment --- Colonel William B. Keeler
33rd Missouri Infantry Regiment --- Major George W. Van Beck
3rd Division - Brigadier General Joseph Anthony Mower
1st Brigade - Colonel William F. Lynch
58th Illinois Infantry Regiment --- Major Thomas Newlan
119th Illinois Infantry Regiment --- Colonel Thomas J. Kinney
89th Indiana Infantry Regiment --- Colonel Charles D. Murry
2nd Brigade - Colonel William T. Shaw
14th Iowa Infantry Regiment --- Captain Warren C. Jones
27th Iowa Infantry Regiment --- Colonel James I. Gilbert
33rd Iowa Infantry Regiment --- Colonel John Scott
24th Missouri Infantry --- Major Robert W. Fyan
3rd Brigade - Colonel Risdon M. Moore
49th Indiana Infantry Regiment --- Colonel Jacob E. Gauen
117th Illinois Infantry Regiment --- Colonel Jonathan Merriam
178th New York Infantry Regiment --- Colonel Edward Wehler
Artillery - Captain James M. Cockefair
3rd Battery, Indiana Light Artillery --- Captain James M. Cockefair
9th Battery, Indiana Light Artillery --- Captain George Brown
Provisional Division - Brigadier General Thomas Kilby Smith
1st Brigade - Colonel Jonathan B. Moore
41st Illinois Infantry Regiment --- Lieutenant Colonel John H. Nale
3rd Iowa Infantry Regiment --- Colonel James Tullis
33rd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment --- Major Horatio H. Virgin
2nd Brigade - Colonel Lyman M. Ward
81st Illinois Infantry Regiment --- Lieutenant Colonel Andrew W. Rogers
95th Illinois Infantry Regiment --- Colonel Thomas W. Humphrey
14th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment --- Captain Carlos M. G. Mansfield
Artillery
Battery "M", 1st Missouri Light Artillery --- Lieutenant John H. Tiemeyer[53]
April 1865: Although Britain and France both briefly considered entering the Civil War on the side of the South, the Confederate States of America, which survived until April 1865, never won foreign recognition as an independent government.[54]
April 1865: The 18th Virginia Cavalry performed scouting and picket duty in the central Valley in March. After Lee’s surrender in April 1865, members of the 18th, individually and in small groups, surrendered at Winchester and Moorefield and received their paroles.[55]
18th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
Flag of Virginia, 1861
Active
December 1862 – April 1865
Country
Confederacy
Allegiance
Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America
Role
Cavalry
Engagements
American Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg-Valley Campaigns of 1864
Disbanded
April 1865
[56]
The 18th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought with the Army of Northern Virginia, in southwest Virginia, and in the Shenandoah Valley.
18th Virginia Cavalry
8th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment
Description: Virginia 1861.svg
Flag of Virginia, 1861
Active
December 1862 – April 1865
Country
Confederacy
Allegiance
Description: Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America
Role
Cavalry
Engagements
American Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg-Valley Campaigns of 1864
Disbanded
April 1865
The 18th Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought with the Army of Northern Virginia, in southwest Virginia, and in the Shenandoah Valley.
General Robert E. Lee surrendered in April 1865 but the guerrillas continued to operate for a period of several weeks. [57]
April 18, 1865
The festive mood created by General Lee’s surrender to General Grant was dampened on April 18 by confirmation of the assassination President Lincoln. Captain Lucas conveyed the feelings of many:
“The assassination of President Lincoln has certainly touched the heart of every patriot, and has cast a gloom over all the country, but let us hope the guilty ones, if found, will be dealt with as they deserve. But in our sorrow, we can rejoice in the fact that the resources of this country are inexhaustible. Statesmen and Generals are not wanting. The loss of even of the best man, does not keep the great National machine from moving just as if nothing had happened.”[58]
Private Rigby took a more radical view of the situation. He professed:
A spirit of indignation sences by breast. I was led to ask am I so attached to a man that I forget that God overrules our destinies and can cause the wrath of man to praise Him? Perhaps the President would have adapted a too conciliatory administration towards the rebels. It may be all for the good. God knows best.[59]
The building contained dormitories, sleeping rooms, a schoolroom capable of seating 150 children, an infirmary, and a sewing-room. In April 1866, the home housed eighty-five children with Mrs. Harvey in charge. As superintendent, she was "the chief executive officer of the home, to have control and authority over all assistants connected with the institution below the grade designated in the by-laws as officers; to employ or discharge as [she] may see fit, being responsible to the trustees -for the proper discharge of that duty."
The qualifications for admission to the institution were: "All orphans over the age of four and under fourteen years, whose fathers enlisted from the State, and who have either been killed or died while in the military or naval services of the United States, or of this State, during the late rebellion, or who have since died of diseases contracted while in such service, and who have no means of support, shall be entitled to the benefits of this institution, giving the preference to those having neither father nor mother, in deciding upon applications."
During the year that Mrs. Harvey was superintendent the institution was well established. She gave personal supervision to even the smallest details and took the trouble to learn the name of every child, although their number soon increased to 300.[60]
April 1873: JOSIAH KIRBY26 CRAWFORD, b. May 28, 1793, Burke county, North Carolina; d. April 1873, Crabtree Township, Haywood County, North Carolina. [61]
JOSIAH KIRBY26 CRAWFORD (GEORGE WASHINGTON25, VALENTINE24, VALENTINE23, WILLIAM22, MAJOR GENERAL LAWRENCE21, HUGH20, HUGH19, CAPTAIN THOMAS18, LAWRENCE17, ROBERT16, MALCOLM15, MALCOLM14, ROGER13, REGINALD12, JOHN, JOHN, REGINALD DE CRAWFORD, HUGH OR JOHN, GALFRIDUS, JOHN, REGINALD5, REGINALD4, DOMINCUS3 CRAWFORD, REGINALD2, ALAN1) was born May 28, 1793 in Burke county, North Carolina, and died April 1873 in Crabtree Township, Haywood County, North Carolina. He married CAREY CATHERINE MCCRACKIN October 18, 1814 in Haywood County, North Carolina.
Notes for JOSIAH KIRBY CRAWFORD:
Buried at MT. Zion Cemetery., Haywood Co., NC
Served in War of 1812
More About CAREY CATHERINE MCCRACKIN:
Burial: Buried at Mt Zion Cemetery, Franklin, NC [62]
April 18, 1876:
john-a-godlove-civil-confederate-18th reg
Groom: Godlove, John A.
Age 32
S
Hardy County, WV
Father: Godlove, Jacob
Mother: ?, Louisa Married
April 18, 1876
Bride: Bauserman, Mary
Age 22
S
Shenandoah County, VA
Father: Bauserman, William H.
Mother: ?, Elizabeth
April 1879: After completing his second term in Congress, Carter Henry Harrison IV's father was elected mayor of Chicago and served four consecutive two-year terms, from April 1879 to April 1887. He then took a break from politics, including an eighteen month trip around the world, before being once again elected mayor in 1893. [63]
April 1881: WILLIAM LEE30 WHITSETT, b. April 1881.[64]
Captain The Hon. Fergus Bowes-Lyon
April 18, 1889
September 26, 1915
26 years
He married Lady Christian Dawson-Damer (daughter of Lionel Dawson-Damer, 5th Earl of Portarlington) in 1914, and had issue.
[65]
April 18, 1898:THOMAS ALVIN CRAWFORD, b. January 14, 1842, Franklin, Macon County, North Carolina; d. April 18, 1898, Franklin, Macon County, North Carolina.
April 18, 1909: Joan of Arc is beatified. [66]
April 18, 1919: Henriette Emmy Gottlieb, born April 18, 1919 in Altenbamberg. Resided Karlsruhe. Deportation: from Drancy. August 10, 1942, Auschwitz. Missing.[67]
April 18, 1941: Yugoslavia capitulates to the Germans.[68]
Doolittle Raid
April 18, 1942
USS Enterprise CV-6
The Most Decorated Ship of the Second World War
1942 - The Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid
April 18, 1942
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The next afternoon, (April 18) Lieutenant Colonel James "Jimmy" Doolittle and his crew would take off alone, arrive over Tokyo at dusk, and drop incendiary bombs, setting fires to guide the remaining bombers to their targets. Three hours behind Doolittle, the remaining fifteen B-25s would be launched, just 500 miles from Tokyo. Navigating in darkness over open ocean, they'd be guided in by Doolittle's blazing incendiaries, and bomb selected military and industrial targets in Tokyo, as well as Osaka, Nagoya and Kobe.
Though the bombers could take off from a carrier deck, they couldn't land on a carrier. Instead of returning to Hornet, they'd escape to the southwest, flying over the Yellow Sea, then some 600 miles into China, to land at the friendly airfield at Chuchow (Zhuzhou). If all went well, the bombers would have a reserve of perhaps 20 minutes of fuel. Success depended on the carriers being able to approach within 500 miles of Japan undetected, and survival on the airmens' ability to evade the formidable air defenses expected near the target areas.
http://www.cv6.org/images/hornet4204.jpg
Hornet, the morning the raid was launched: "Some of the waves were actually breaking over the deck."
Things went according to plan until early April 18. Shortly after 0300, Enterprise's radar made two surface contacts, just ten miles from the task force. As the force went to general quarters, Halsey turned his ships north to evade the contacts, resuming the course west an hour later. Then, a little past 0600, LT Osborne B. Wiseman of Bombing Six flew low over Enterprise's deck, his radioman dropping a weighted message: a Japanese picket ship had been spotted 42 miles ahead, and Wiseman suspected his own plane had been sighted.
Halsey, however, forged ahead, the carriers and cruisers slamming through heavy seas at 23 knots. Still nearly two hundred miles short of the planned launching point, Halsey strove to give the Army pilots every possible advantage by carrying them as close to Tokyo as he dared.
Ninety minutes later, however, the gig was up. At 0738, Hornet lookouts spotted the masts of another Japanese picket. At the same time, radio operators intercepted broadcasts from the picket reporting the task force's presence. Halsey ordered the cruiser Nashville to dispose of the picket, and launched Doolittle's bombers into the air:
TO COL. DOOLITTLE AND HIS GALLANT COMMAND
GOOD LUCK AND GOD BLESS YOU - HALSEY[69]
Jimmy Doolittle's own bomber was the first to rumble down Hornet's pitching flight deck. Between the forward velocity of the carrier, and the winds churned up by the stormy weather, he and the other pilots had the benefit of a 50 mph headwind. Still, with less than 500 feet of open flight deck to take off from, many of the planes nearly stalled on take-off, and hung precariously over the high seas for hundreds of yards before finally gaining altitude.
http://www.cv6.org/images/b25-0442-1.jpg
April 18, 1942: An Army Air Force B-25 lumbers off the deck of Hornet CV-8, bound for an audacious raid on the Japanese home islands.
As Doolittle's B-25s strained to become airborne, Nashville opened fire on the Japanese picket at a range of 9000 yards, drawing the attention of the Enterprise planes in the area. ENS J. Q. Roberts of Scouting Six made a glide-bombing attack on the little vessel, but missed with his 500-pounder. VF-6 fighters also dove on the picket, then veered off to strafe a second picket even nearer the task force, which had been hidden from view in the wild seas. Over the course of that morning and afternoon, Nashville, Enterprise Air Group, and later planes from Hornet, spotted and attacked sixteen Japanese picket ships. Several were sunk, and more damaged, but the pickets were aided by the high seas, which made them difficult targets.
The last of the sixteen bombers struggled into the air an hour after Doolittle's B-25 cleared Hornet's flight deck. Launched 170 miles further from their targets than planned, the bombers didn't waste fuel forming up, and instead headed directly westward, in a long ragged line behind Doolittle's plane. His mission accomplished, Halsey didn't dally even a minute before ordering Task Force 16 east.
In the afternoon, as the carriers and cruisers raced for safety at 25 knots, radiomen tuned into Radio Tokyo, which was broadcasting a program of English language propaganda. They didn't know it, but also in the listening audience was Ambassador Joseph Grew, interned in the U.S. Embassy in Japan.
A little after 1400 - noon in Tokyo - the announcer's studied English diction suddenly gave way to frantic Japanese, and then dead air. As air raid sirens in Tokyo screamed, Ambassador Grew placed a losing bet with his lunch guest, the Swiss ambassador, wagering the sirens and gunfire were all just a false alarm.
Racing in at just 2000 feet, the first B-25s over Tokyo emptied their bomb bays, and Ambassador Grew's wallet. Doolittle's and twelve other bombers sought out and bombed military and industrial targets throughout Tokyo: an oil tank farm, a steel mill, and several power plants. To the south, other bombers struck targets in Yokohama and Yokosuka, including the new light carrier Ryuho, the damage delaying its launching until November. Perhaps inevitably, some civilian buildings were hit as well: six schools and an army hospital.
Aided by low altitude, camouflage, and extra speed gained from leaving their loads of bombs behind, the bombers were able to evade the enemy fighters patrolling overhead, and anti-aircraft fire from the cities below. But they were far short of the fuel needed to reach the airfield at Chuchow. One plane turned north, and surprised Russian soldiers by landing near Vladivostok. The remaining fifteen planes crashed or were ditched over China. Remarkably, most of the 80 pilots and crewmen survived the mission. Of eight airmen who were captured, three were executed by the Japanese, and another died in captivity. Four others were killed during the mission.
The Consequences
The damage inflicted by Doolittle and his raiders was slight, but it had lasting effects on both sides of the Pacific. As Roosevelt had calculated, the daring raid was a tremendous boost to American morale, which had been severely tested by four long months of defeat and loss.
China bore the heaviest cost of the raid. In May 1942, the Japanese army launched operation Sei-Go, with the dual aims of securing Chinese airfields from which raids could be launched against the Home Islands, and punishing villages which might have sheltered Doolittle's airmen after the Raid. Exact figures are impossible to come by, but tens of thousands - perhaps as many as 250,000 - Chinese civilians were murdered in the Chekiang and Kiangsu provinces.
The raid, however, made a profound impression on the Japanese leadership. For several months, the Japanese high command had been debating its next major move against the Allies. The Navy General Staff, headed by Admiral Osami Nagano, called for a strategy of cutting off America from Australia, by occupying the Fiji Islands, New Caledonia and Samoa. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet, disagreed, arguing that the U.S. Navy - in particular, its carriers - had to be neutralized. This necessitated seizing bases in the Aleutian Islands to the north, and the western tip of the Hawaiian Island chain. From those bases, as well as the bases already held in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands, Japanese long-range bombers could keep the American carriers penned up in Pearl Harbor, perhaps even forcing them to retire clear back to the American west coast.
The Doolittle raid ended the debate. With Japan's military deeply embarrassed by having exposed the Emperor to danger, and fed up with the harassing American carriers, Yamamoto prevailed. His staff was given the go-ahead to prepare and execute a major operation in the central Pacific. Yamamoto hoped the operation - a complex plan involving a thrust to the north, followed by the occupation of several American-held islands near Hawaii - would result in "decisive battle" with the American fleet near a tiny atoll known as Midway.[70]
April 18, 1942: United States bombers, commanded by Jamor General Dooliottle, launch the first American bombing raid over Tokyo, Japan.[71] On April 18, 1942, Lt. Col. James H. Doolittle led a group of 16 B-25 bombers on a carrier-launched raid on industrial and military targets in Japan. The raid was one of the most daring missions of WW II. Planning for this secret mission began several months earlier, and Jimmy Doolittle, one of the most outstanding pilots and leaders in the United States Army Air Corps was chosen to plan, organize and lead the raid. The plan was to get within 300 or 400 miles of Japan, attack military and industrial targets in Tokyo, Osaka, and Kobe shortly after nightfall, and then fly on to a dawn landing at secret airfields on the coast of China. The twin engine B-25 Mitchell bomber was selected by Doolittle for the mission and practice indicated that it should be possible to launch these aircraft from a carrier deck with less than 500 feet of runway. On April 2, 1942 the USS Hornet and a number of escorts set sail from Alameda, California with the 16 B-25s strapped to its deck. This task force rendezvoused with another including the USS Enterprise, and proceeded for the Japanese mainland. An element of surprise was important for this mission to succeed. When the task force was spotted by a Japanese picket boat, Admiral Halsey made the decision to launch the attack earlier than was planned. This meant that the raiders would have to fly more than 600 miles to Japan, and would arrive over their targets in daylight. It also meant that it would be unlikely that each aircraft would have sufficient fuel to reach useable airfields in China. Doolittle had 50 gallons of additional fuel stowed on each aircraft as well as a dinghy and survival supplies for the likely ditchings at sea which would now take place. At approximately 8:00 AM the Hornets loudspeaker blared, Now hear this: Army pilots, man your planes! Doolittle and his co-pilot R.E. Cole piloted the first B-25 off the Hornets deck at about 8:20 AM. With full flaps, and full throttle the Mitchell roared towards the Hornets bow, just barely missing the ships island superstructure. The B-25 lifted off, Doolittle leveled out, and made a single low altitude pass down the painted center line on the Hornets deck to align his compass. The remaining aircraft lifted off at approximately five minute intervals. The mission was planned to include five three-plane sections directed at various targets. However, Doolittle had made it clear that each aircraft was on its own. He insisted, however, that civilian targets be avoided, and under no circumstances was the Imperial Palace in Tokyo to be bombed. About 30 minutes after taking off Doolittles B-25 was joined by another piloted by Lt. Travis Hoover. These two aircraft approached Tokyo from the north. They encountered a number of Japanese fighter or trainer aircraft, but they remained generally undetected at their low altitude. At 1:30 PM the Japanese homeland came under attack for the first time in the War. From low altitudes the raiders put their cargoes of four 500 pounders into a number of key targets. Despite antiaircraft fire, all the attacking aircraft were unscathed. The mission had been a surprise, but the most hazardous portion of the mission lay ahead. The Chinese were not prepared for the raiders arrival. Many of the aircraft were ditched along the coast, and the crews of other aircraft, including Doolittles were forced to bail out in darkness. There were a number of casualties, and several of the raiders were caught by Japanese troops in China, and some were eventually executed. This painting is dedicated to the memories of those airmen who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country and the thousands of innocent Chinese citizens which were brutally slaughtered as a reprisal for their assistance in rescuing the downed crews.[72]
1. On april 18, the day it was planned to reach the 500 mile circle from Tokyo at about 1600, ENTERPRISE launched the usual dawn search flight and combat patrol. These were maintained continuously throughout the day. The contacts and action, indicated on the track chart by capital letters, were reported by pilots of these flights. Times indicated in connection with contacts and action, April 18, are Zone minus 10.
2. At 0310 radar disclosed two enemy surface craft bearing 255°T., distance 21,000 yards, and at 0312 a light was seen approximately on that bearing. Ship went to General Quarters, set Material Condition Afirm and energized the degaussing gear. Course of the Force was changed to 350°T., and at 0341 the two enemy vessels went off the screen bearing 201°T., distance 27,000 yards. Our presence was apparently unnoticed by the enemy and a westerly course was resumed at 0415.
3. At 0508 fighter patrol and search flight were launched. At 0715 one search plane returned and, by message drop, reported sighting an enemy patrol vessel in Latitude 36° 04' North and Longitude 153° 10' East at 0558 and that he believed he had been seen. Later developments indicate that this vessel made the original contact report.
4. At 0744 an enemy patrol vessel was sighted bearing 221°T., distance approximately 10,000 yards. There was no doubt now that our force had been detected and almost certainly had been reported. NASHVILLE was ordered to sunk the patrol vessel by gunfire as the carriers turned into the wind (320°T., 26 knots); HORNET to launch Army B-25's for attack and ENTERPRISE to relieve patrol.s The first Army bomber was launched at 0820 approximately 650 miles from Tokyo, and the last one was off at 0921. At 0927 the Force commenced retirement on course 090°T., speed 25 knots.
5. At 1214 radar reported enemy patrol plane bearing 020°T., distance 70,000 yards. This plane came within 64,000 yards of our force but passed off the screen at 1228 bearing 314°T., distance 83,000 yards.
6. At 1400 two enemy patrol vessels were sighted and attacked by ENTERPRISE planes returning from search. One was sunk and the other damaged. By 1413 the enemy ship still afloat was in sight of our surface forces and NASHVILLE was ordered to attack and sink her. A white flag was broken in the enemy ship and after taking 5 prisoners, NASHVILLE sank her by gunfire. Apparently these two vessels were the same ones reported by radar at 0310.
7. At 1503, 6-B-4 was forced to land in the water, near the Disposition, due to engine failure. This plane is believed to have sustained damage to its engine from the anti-aircraft machine gun fire of an enemy patrol vessel attacked. NASHVILLE rescued personnel, uninjured.
8. No further contacts were made. All aircraft were recovered at 1739 and the retirement continued.
9. Bombs and ammunition were expended as indicated in the table below.
.50 Cal.
.30 Cal.
500 lb. bombs
100 lb. bombs
VB
800
300
8
18
VS
800
500
4
6
VF
11,000
---
-
-
------
-----
---
---
12,600
800
12
24
COMMENT:
1. The track chart, Enclosure (A), is drawn to the scale of H.O. chart No. 528, in order to best present an illuminating picture of the whole strategic area, including the objective. An enlargement of the action area is presented as an insert.
2. The numerous enemy contacts may give the impression that the Task Force unfortunately encountered an isolated patrol. No such assumption should be made. On the contrary, the variety and the number of patrol craft seen is a strong indication that a heavy patrol in depth is general, at least to the east of Honshu and the Kurils. This patrol probably utilizes hundreds of small craft of various types and extends 700 - 800 miles offshore. All enemy surface patrol craft are undoubtedly equipped with effective radio and apparently all are armed with machine guns. Some are camouflaged with two-tone mottled coloring. Evidence supports the belief that they are not equipped with radar.
3. Of interest is the weather broadcasting vessel fixed by shore RDF on April 15 in Latitude 44° 00' North, Longitude 162° 00' East - 500 miles from the Kurils,750 miles from the Aleutians and 1200 miles from Tokyo.
4. The Japanese surface patrol is particularly suited to their eastern sea frontier and is unquestionably effective. Were it equipped with radar, it would be made almost impenetrable with fewer units. In certain areas, a radar equipped small boat patrol would seem to have some advantage over long distance air patrols as we maintain them; primarily in that it is on station at the critical distance, night and day. Such a patrol might detect an attempted afternoon and night run in by a raiding force when an air patrol would not pick it up. Favorable areas in which we might use such a patrol are: Costa Rica - Galapagos - Ecuador, off southern California, off Cape Mendocino and off Vancouver Island. A combination of surface craft and aircraft patrol should reduce the number of aircraft now maintained in specific areas and thus make possible a wider distribution of the aircraft now available.
5. Although specific information is lacking, it is believed that the Japanese patrol craft are not armed with anything larger than machine guns. Therefore, if future bombing raids on Honshu, similar to this one, are planned it might be advantageous to send one or more of our submarines in advance of the raiding force to "soften", by destruction and dispersal, the enemy patrol in the 600 - 800 mile belt across its line of advance. At this distance it seems unlikely that the enemy would take strong anti-submarine measures.
6. A further suggestion is that two submarines, equipped with radio apparatus similar to that installed in aircraft and in carriers, might be disposed in a selected area and by conducting lost plane procedure effectively draw enemy forces away from the area from which an aircraft raiding attack might be launched. As a means of harassing the enemy, even though no actual aircraft raiding attack were planned by our forces, this employment of submarines seems to offer many possibilities.
7. All personnel, both ship and air group performed their duties in a highly creditable manner. No outstandingly meritorious, and on censurable conduct on the part of any individual was observed.
8. The efficiency of the ship and all munitions of war are satisfactory except for the performance of the F4F4's and the limited range of the TBS's, reported in separate correspondence.
G. D. MURRAY.
[73]
[74]
On board the Enterprise for the Doolittle Raid was Uncle Howard Snell.
April 18, 1942: One thousand Jews who left the Theresienstadt Ghetto in Czechoslovakia, by train for a ghetto at Rejowiec, Poland, were diverted to the death camp at Sobibór.[75]
April 18, 1942(1st of Iyyar, 5702): The death camp at Sobibor went into operation. To mark the opening 2,500 Jews from Zamosc were transported there and sent to their deaths. Only one was chosen to work and lived.[76]
April 18, 1942: Pierre Laval became Prime Minister of the French government of Vichy. The Vichy Government was really little more than a German puppet state. Laval like many associated with Vichy was an anti-Semite who was only too willing to turn French Jews over to the Nazis even before they asked for them. Laval was executed at the end of the war.[77]
April 18, 1942: In Warsaw, fifty-two Jews are murdered in what becomes known as the “Bloody Night.”[78]
100_1208[79]
April 18, 1945: German Field Marshal Model commits suicide after the last of 350,000 German troops in the Ruhr surrender to the Allies.[80]
April 18, 1945: General Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces telephoned Winston Churchill to describe the horrific sights that greeted his troops when they entered a concentration camp at Ohrdruf near Gotha.[81]
April 18, 1946: The League of Nations dissolved itself. Its services, mandates, and property were transferred to the newly founded United Nations. Among the mandates transferred was the British Mandate of Palestine. Dealing with the issues of Palestine would become one of the first major tests for the newly formed UN. Within two years, the Mandatory Government of Palestine created by the defunct League of Nations would give way to the State of Israel and Arab zone governed by a variety of nations and groups including Egypt, Jordan and the PA.[82]
April 18, 1961 JFK returns to Washington from Glen-Ora, the family Virginia home,
where he has been able to exercise “plausible denial” concerning the invasion of Cuba. He attends
a scheduled cabinet meeting. He is extremely upset and spends twenty-five minutes telling the
cabinet what he feels went wrong with the invasion -- and why. Both Richard Bissell and Allen
Dulles are visibly shaken.
Andrew St. George writes: “Within a year of the Bay of Pigs, the CIA curiously and
inexplicably began to grow, to branch out, to gather more and more responsibility for the
‘Cuban problem.’ The Company was given authority to help monitor Cuba’s wireless
traffic; to observe its weather; to publish some of its best short stories (by Cuban authors
in exile) through its wholly owned CIA printing company; to follow the Castro
government’s purchases abroad and its currency transactions; to move extraordinary
numbers of clandestine filed operatives in and out of Cuba; to acquire a support fleet of
ships and aircraft in order to facilitate these secret agent movements; to advise, train, and
help reorganize the police and security establishments of Latin countries which felt
threatened by Castro’s guerrilla politics; to pump Such vast sums into political operations
thought to be helpful in containing Castro that by the time of the 1965 U.S. military
intervention in the Dominican Republic both the bad guys and the good guys -- i.e., the
‘radical’ civilian politicos and the ‘conservative’ generals -- turned out to have been
financed by La Compania. Owing largely to the Bay of Pigs, the CIA ceased being an
invisible government: it became an empire.” [83]
April 18, 1963 SNFE/Alpha 66 holds a press conference in Los Angeles at which they
criticize the Kennedy Administration for frustrating their efforts to rid Cuba of Fidel Castro.
They announce the formation of Los Angeles chapter. A man named Rene Valdes describes
himself as the local “cell leader” and says he has received the blessing of Antonio Veciana at a
meeting in Miami in December 1962.
SNFE = the Second National Front of Escambray
ALPHA 66 = part of a coalition of anti-Castro groups including the 30th of November
Movement, the SNFE and the People’s Revolutionary Movement (MRP). Alpha 66 has
headquarters in Dallas, located at 3126 Hollandale. It is led by Major Eloy Gutierrez
Menoyo, who had commanded the Castro forces in the Escambray Mountains in the Las
Villas Province of Cuba. His deputy is William Morgan.
Around this time, Garrett Trapnell “penetrates” Alpha 66 group for Castro intelligence
and is soon approached in Miami about participating in a plot against Kennedys.
Also on this date, Vietnam Working Group Director Chalmers Wood reports that Robert
McNamara will tell the Pentagon “to cut their forces by 1000 men at the end of the year.”
A flyer is sent to Cubans in Miami today stating that exiled Cubans will only ever step
foot on their native soil again “if an inspired Act of god should place in the White House within weeks a
Texan known to be a friend of all Latin Americans.” The flyer is signed “a Texan who resents the
Oriental influence that has come to control, to degrade, to pollute and enslave his own people.”
LHO writes to the Fair Play for Cuba Committee New York Office. He says he has been
passing out FPCC literature and requests more. O&CIA[84]
April 19, 1963 At Oswald’s request, the New York FPCC office sends literature to him.
O&CIA
Also on this day George and Jeanne De Mohrenschildt drive to New York. A few days
later a CIA case officer asks the CIA’s Office of Security for an “expedite check of George De
Mohrenschildt.”
With details of JFK’s Cuban missile crisis agreement with Khrushchev still emerging, Dr.
Jose Miro Cardona resigns as head of the Cuban Revolutionary Council, originally set up by the
U.S. government as a means of controlling the disparate anti-Castro groups. Miro Cardona
charges that JFK is giving Castro “absolute immunity” and accuses him of “liquidating the struggle
for Cuba.” [85]
April 18, 1977: Jimmy Carter addresses nation on energy.[86]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] mike@abcomputers.com
[3] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[4] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1506
[5] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 74
[6] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[7] Trial by Fiore by Harold Rawlings, page 77
[8] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[9] Wikipedia
[10] Wikipedia
[11] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[12] [Cotemporary Copy. Archives of Brussels
[13] * Ambassador from Philip II at London
[14] * Ridolfi.
[15] http://archive.org/stream/lettersofmarystu00mary/lettersofmarystu00mary_djvu.txt
[16] xx. Cavaliers and Pioneers
[17] Wikipedia
[18] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/king-george-endorses-new-england-restraining-act
[19] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[20] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne, page 54.
[21] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, Novemnber 14, 2009
[22] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[23] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[24] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[25] Photo by Jeff Goodlove, November 14, 2009
[26] The Complete Guide to Boston’s Freedom Trail by Charles Bahne, page 4.
[27] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[28] 564 Annals of the Carnegie Museum.
[29] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[30] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~katy/hardin/b939.html
[31] http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~katy/hardin/b939.html
[32] Washington-Crawford Correspondence by Butterfield.
[33] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[34] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/thomas-jefferson-is-elected
[35] http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=312
[36] http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=312
[37] http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=312
[38] http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=312
[39] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[40] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html
[41] http://doclindsay.com/spread_sheets/2_davids_spreadsheet.html
[42]http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/d/i/d/Jan-C-Didawick-Berkeley-Springs/GENE2-0004.html
[43] Wikipedia
[44] Crawford Coat of Arms
[45] (Translation
http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/werneck_synagoge.htm
[46] Wikipedia
[47] Wikipedia
[48] Wikipedia
[49] http://www.lastateparks.com/porthud/pthudson.htm
[50] Descendants of Elias Gutleben, Alice email, May 2010.
[51] Descendants of Elias Gutleben, Alice Email, May 2010.
[52] Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[53] http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/pottery/1080/red_river_campaign_la_10mar64.htm
[54] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/confederate-constitution-adopted
[55] Jim Funkhouser email, June 16, 2010.
[56] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Virginia_Cavalry
[57] http://whitsett-wall.com/Whitsett/whitsett_simeon.htm
[58] Lucas, Iowa Historical Record (July, 1902, p. 534, 540; Rigby Journal, April
[59] Rigby Journal, April 18, 1865. History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 200.)
[60] Wisconsin Women in the War, 1911
[61] Crawford Coat of Arms
[62] Crawford Coat of Arms
[63] http://mms.newberry.org/html/harrison.html
[64] Crawford Coat of Arms
[65] Wikipedia
[66] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris
• [67] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
• [2] Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).
[68] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1765.
[69] http://www.cv6.org/1942/doolittle/doolittle.htm
[70] http://www.cv6.org/1942/doolittle/doolittle_2.htm
[71] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[72] http://www.roberttaylorprints.com/robert_taylor_prints.php?ProdID=3738
[73]
April 23, 1942: U. S. S. ENTERPRISE
23 April 1942.
From:
The Commanding Officer.
To:
The Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet.
Via:
The Commander Carriers, Pacific Fleet.
Subject:
Report of action in connection with the bombing of Tokyo on April 18, 1942 (Zone minus Ten).
Reference:
(a) Articles 712, 874, U.S. Navy Regs, 1920.
Enclosures:
(A) Track Chart.
(B) Executive Officer's report.
NARRATIVE
[74] http://www.cv6.org/ship/logs/action19420418-88.htm
[75] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[76] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[77] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[78] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1771.
• [79] Hitler and the Occult, HISTI
[80] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[81] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[82] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[83] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[84] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[85] http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v2n1/chrono1.pdf
[86] Jimmy Carter, The Liberal Left and World Chaos by Mike Evans, page 497
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