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This Day in Goodlove History, May 21
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy
May 21, 1602 - Martha's Vineyard 1st sighted (Captain Bartholomew Gosnold) [1]
May 21, 1754: On the morning of the 21st they remained some time at Turkey Foot, “to examine the place, which we found very convenient to build a fort.[2]
prisoners
George Washington's copy of Congress's
May 21, 1776 resolution on treatment of
prisoners and on parole.
A prisoner under parole was relatively
free but could not take up arms
again until formally exchanged.
This resolution allows that "prisoners
be permitted to exercise their trades
and to labour in order to support
themselves and families." George Washington Papers
WILLIAM SHANNON TO George Rogers CLARK[3], May 21, 1781.
[Draper MSS., 51J52.—A. L. S.]
SULLIVAN’S STATION, 21 , of May. 1781.
Your express by Capt Sullivan, to fort Jefferson, I forwarded as soon as it came to hand, the return of which you have inclosed. I learn by letters from that post, that they are in a starving Condition, & am sorrey to inform you, that it is almost out of my power, at present to relieve them, Majr Slaughter having used the provisions purchased for that post, and injured our Credit, so much in this place that I find it almost impossible to purchase any thing without money. about three weeks ago, I sent a boat to Post St? Vincent with three hundred Gallons of whisky, to purchase the skins you wrote for, & expect the return of them by the time you are here. Yesterday I sent Capt Moore with two other Gentlm to the Countys of Lincoln, & Fayatte, with instructions to purchase what Beef Cattle, Dry, & pickeled Beef, Butter, Cheese, corn, &c. they possibley could, on the Credit of the state, Asuring them that the money woud shortly be paid—I shoud have went myself but Detained in hope of purchasing One or two hundred bushels of Corn, for the relife of fort Jefferson, which I intend emedetly to send With about eight or ten thousand weight of Beef which Slaughter has not yet got into his hands.—CaPt John Rogers of the Light Dragoons, arrived here about six or seven weeks ago, from the Illinois with his whole Compny, in good helth, there ware with him Messars, Dodge. Dejean. & Bently on there way to Goverment, with several Indians, of which Battist the Kaskaskaia Chife wase One. I can procure any quantity of salt you may want for your present expidition, it being the only article that can be purchased here on the Credit of the state. I most sincearly wish that you woud inform Government, that in Case they woud furnish me with money I Could purchase provisions in this Department, at alimost half the sum, I can for Credit, Instance corn & salt, If Cash, corn can be had at forty Dollars pt Bushel, & for Credit eighty, or one hundred, If Cash salt, can be had at five or six hundred Dollars Bushel, and for Credit eight hundred or One thousand, and the same case with every species of ‘provisions, since you left this place. I think If you wase to inform Government of this that they woud remeedy it, as the state is run to Double expence, in not having money to purchase with,—As Col° Floyd writes you I shall refer you to his letters for neuws, Capt Sullivan will write you the Difficultys he labours under with regard to being furnished with the Necessary Gaurds & fattaugs [fatigues] for the men he has Imployed to build the state boats.
I am Sir With due respect. Your most, Obedt Humble Servt
WILL. SHANNON
Commissy Genl I. D.
P. S. please present my best Compliments to Capt Benjn Harrison & inform him that, I should be happy in his showing himself once more in the mess W. S.
N. B. Mr Veech who is Imployed to convey the present express
is refered to you for pay W. S.
[Addressed:] On publick service To The Honbl Brigadeir Gen’
Clarke at Pittsburgh or Elsewhere pr express
[Endorsed:] Captn Shannon Provisions 1781.[4]
May 21, 1782
Gen. Irvine at Fort Pitt to:”the officer who will be appointed to command a detachment of volunteer militia on an expedition against the Indian town at or near Sandusky”
“The object of your command is to destroy with fire and sword, if practicable, the Indian town and settlement at Sandusky, by which we hope to give ease and safety to the inhabitants of this country; but if impracticable, then you will doubtless perform such other services in your power as will be in their consequences have a tendency to answer this great end.
“Previous to taking up your line of march it will be highly expedient that all matters respecting rank or command would be well understooood, as far at least as first, second, and third.[5] This precaution, in case of accident or misfortune, may be of great importance. Indeed, I think whatever grade or rank may be fixed on to have command, their relative rank should be determined. And it is indispensably necessary that subordination and discipline should be kept up; the whole ought to understand that, nowithstanding they are volunteers, yet by this tour they are to get credit for it in their tours of military duty, and that for this and other good reasons they must, while out on this duty, consider themselves, to all intent, subject to the military laws and regulations for the government of the militia when in actual service.
“Your best chance of success will be, if possible, to effect a surprise, and though this will be difficult, yet by forced and rapid marches it may, in a great degree, be accomplished. I am clearly of opinon that you shoild regulate your last day’s march so as to reach the town about dawn of day, or a little before, and that the march of this day should be as long as can be performed.
“I need scarcely mention to so virtuous and disinterested a set of men as you will have the honor to command that though the main object at peresnt is for the purpose above set forth, viz., the protection of this country, yet you are to consider yourselves as acting in behalf of and for the United Sates, that of course it will be incumbent on you especially who will have the command to act in every instance in such a manner as will reflect honor on, and add reutation to, the American arms, of nations or independent States.[6]
“Should any person, British, or in the service or pay of Britain or their allies, fall into your hands, if it should prove inconvenient for you to bring them off, you will, nevertheless, take special care to liberate them on parole, in such manner as to insure liberty for an equal number of people in their hands. There are individuals, however, who I think should be brought off at all events should the fortune of war throw them into your hands. I mean such as have deserted to the enemy since the Declaration of Independence.”[7]
XII.— IRVINE TO WASHINGTON.
FORT PITT, May 21, 1782.
Sir:—A number of the principal people of this country made application to me, about two weeks since, for my consent to their collecting a body of volunteers to go against Sandusky,[8] which I agreed to on these express conditions: that they did not mean to extend their settlements,[9] nor had anything in view but to harass the enemy, with an intention to protect the frontier, and that any conquests they might make should be in behalf and for the United States; that they would be governed by military laws as militia; that they must collect such numbers as might probably be successful; and, lastly, that they would equip themselves and victual at their own expense. They are accordingly assembling this day at the Mingo Bottom,[10] all on horseback, with thirty days’ provisions. They have asked of me only a few flints and a small supply of powder.
As they will elect their officers, I have taken some pains to get Colonel [William] Crawford[11] appointed to com mand, and hope he will be. He left me yesterday on his way down to the place of rendezvous. He does not wish to go with a smaller number than four hundred; whether this number will assemble I cannot say. He pressed me for some officers. I have sent with him Lieutenant Rose,[12] my aid-dc-camp, a very vigilant, active, brave young gentleman, well acquainted with service; and a surgeon[13]
These two are all I could venture to spare. Several were solicitous for my going, but I did not think myself at liberty, consistent. with the spirit of your excellency’s instructions; nor are we in such a situation that I could take a single continental soldier along, particularly as the volunteers are all mounted. If their number exceeds three hundred, I am of opinion they may succeed, as their march will be so rapid they will probably in a great degree effect a surprise.
I cannot find a man in this country who has a tolerable knowledge of the road to Niagara. There are numbers who are acquainted to the heads of Alleghany; thence, I think, the people of the state of New York are better acquainted than any this way.
P. S.— The volunteers have sent requesting my instructions[14] (which I will send) for the officer who may be appointed to command. The troops behave remarkably well since a few examples have been made.
May 21, 1782
Stephenson, Rich., will 5-21-1782
Dev.: Ann. Wife, Rich. and John sons
Mary, Ruth, Jane daus.[15]
Tuesday, May 1 (21?)
Having obtained permission of the Col., I left Fort Pitt on Tuesday, May 1st, and the next day about one in the afternoon, arrived at the Mingo bottom.[16]
* Elizabeth GODLOVE b: MAY 21, 1819 in Ohio. [17]
*
May 21, 1829: JOSEPH CRAWFORD, JR., b. 1809, Madison County, Kentucky; d. 1891, Estell County, Kentucky; m. NANCY GRAY, May 21, 1829. [18]
May 21, 1856: Renewed violence erupted between free-state and proslavery settlers in Douglas County. George W. Brown's free-state newspaper in Lawrence, the Herald of Freedom, had long been a source of bitter contempt to the proslavery forces operating in Kansas. On May 21, 1856, Sheriff Jones, accompanied by a group of proslavery men acting as his posse, entered Lawrence intent on destroying the offices of the Herald of Freedom and the Kansas Free State . In the raid that followed they destroyed the newspaper offices (dumping their type in the Kansas River), looted several other businesses, and burned the Free State Hotel (later the Eldridge House). This action became widely known as the "Sack of Lawrence." [19]
On May 21, 1856: Sheriff Jones and a posse of 800 Southern sympathizers converged on Lawrence. Dr. Robinson’s house on Mount Oread was taken by the federal marshal as headquarters and the newspaper printing presses were damaged and thrown in the river. The Free State Hotel was also destroyed.[18]
Despite the constant presence of impending war, Lawrence continued to grow. Its 1860 population was estimated at 2,500 although the official Census recorded 1,645.[19] Lawrence became the county seat of Douglas County in 1857, prior to that Lecompton had been the seat and even when the American Civil War broke out in April 1861, Lawrence was still a magnet to conflict. William Clarke Quantrill and 300-400 Confederate guerillas rode into Lawrence and attacked the city at dawn on August 21, 1863. Most houses and businesses in Lawrence were burned and between 150-200 men and boys were killed.[20][21][20]
May 21, 1856
Sacking of Lawrence
Part of Bleeding Kansas
Sacking-lawrence.jpg
Ruins of Free State Hotel after the attack
Date
May 21, 1856
Location
Douglas County, Kansas
Result
Pro-slavery victory
Belligerents
Free-State (Abolitionists)
Slave State
Commanders and leaders
no military commander
Samuel Jones
Strength
Abolitionist civilians
800
Casualties and losses
1 wounded
1 dead
[show]
Bleeding Kansas
· Wakarusa War
· Lawrence
· Pottawatomie
· Black Jack
· Osawatomie
· Marais des Cygnes
[21][22]
May 21, 1861: Richmond, Virginia, becomes the capital of the Confederate States of America. The Capital was designed originally by Thomas Jefferson.[23]
Sat. May 21[24][25], 1864
Started at 12 at night
Marched 6 miles from the mouth of red river
On the miss river stopped for dinner
Stoped at night on byo of river
Got 2 letters from home no 9
1 from Catawba[26] 1 from wildcat[27]
May 21, 1865
The relations between the local populace and the Union regiments were not improved when the 24th went as a group to the St. James Methodist Episcopal Church. Arriving shortly after Sunday school had begun, they surprised the congregation. Rigby was led to believe that they were not welcome.[28] The Christian private revealed:
“A class of little boys sitting near desired me to teach them. We talked about their lesson and soon were on good terms. At the close of Sunday school they bade me goodby and raised their little mouths for a kiss. Sweet cherabs, too young to be tainted by the cesspool of rebellion and sin in wh9ich they are unfortunately placed. The people manifested the same spireit in church which bordered upon all conformed to the regulation of the church like men accustomed to assemble in the house of God. Such conduct will break down the prejudice against us sooner than anything else. The minister a very unclergical looking man dressed in rebgel gray preached from II Timothe 2:2. His manner was affected, language ambiguous and lengthened his discourse by repetitions. He stated that owning tro existing circumstances further appointments would be withdrawn for the present. I construed ‘Existing circumstances’ to mean ‘We are not prepared to worship with Blue Coats.’[29]
May 21, 1865: Pool(e), Capt. David + Todd Survived war
Took command of Todd's men after he was killed. With 65 men,
surrendered May 21, 1865 to COL Chester Harding at Lexinton, MO.
All the men were paroled. Pool was given a full pardon.
Settled in Sherman, Texas, after the war. [30]
May 21, 1871: LYDIA KATHERINE WINANS b 13 June 1849 at Pemberton, Shelby, Ohio md 28 Nov 1869 at Springville, Linn, Ia. Oliver Francis Glenn b 8 [?] 1842 at Wellsville, Columbiana, Ohio d May 27, 1897 at sea and buried there. He was the son of John and Zibiah Glenn. They had the following children:
1.Earl G. Glenn b May 21, 1871 at Springville, Ia.
Pearl Glenn b 22 Oct 1872 at Springville, Ia. This family moved to Santa Ana, Calif, and were living there in the 1920's. [31]
May 21, 1896
Mrs. Oscar Goodlove and two children accompanied by the lady’s brother Ted left for Deepwater, Missouri last Friday night. They will visit their mother, Alice Jenkins, for an indefinite period and Mr. Goodlove will probably join them in the fall.[32]
May 21, 1907: John STEPHENSON. Born in 1785 in Kentucky.
On October 23, 1821 when John was 36, he married Margaret BENNETT, in Boone County, Missouri. Born in 1796 in Madison County, Kentucky. Margaret died in Boone Or Callaway County, Missouri in 1871; she was 75.
They had one child:
i. Mary C. Born on March 20, 1837 in Boone County, Missouri. Mary C. died in Pomona, California on May 21, 1907; she was 70.
In 1867 when Mary C. was 29, she married Joseph P. MORRIS, in Callaway County, Missouri. Born on February 29, 1836 in Missouri. Joseph P. died in Pomona, California on November 28, 1911; he was 75. [33]
May 21, 1927: Lindbergh was born in 1902 in Detroit. His father was a member of the House of Representatives. Lindbergh's interest in aviation led him to flying school in Lincoln, Nebraska, and later brought him work running stunt-flying tours and as an airmail pilot. While regularly flying a route from St. Louis to Chicago, he decided to try to become the first pilot to fly alone nonstop from New York to Paris. He obtained the necessary financial backing from a group of businessmen, and on May 21, 1927, after a flight that lasted slightly over 33 hours, Lindbergh landed his plane, the Spirit of St. Louis, in Paris. He won worldwide fame along with his $25,000 prize. [34]
May 21, 1943: Fred Gottlieb, born April 4,1933 in Saarlautern (birth place, last place of residence not known). Resided Wohnhaft Saarlautern. Deportation: from Westerbork. May 18, 1943, Sobibor. Todesdaten: May 21, 1943, Sobibor.[35]
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[1] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1602
[2] This seems to show that he then had in contemplation a change in the original plan of operations by making his base on the Youghiogheny instead of the Monogahela.
[3] Clark. George Rogers Clark. (1752-1818). Born in tidewater VA, he first came to the Ohio country in 1772 as a surveyor and returned in 1774 as an employee of The Ohio Company of VA. In 1777 Clark was named a major in the VA militia by Governor Patrick Henry (later lieutenant colonel and then general). In 1778 he visited Pittsburgh, Redstone Creek on the Monongahela, Wheeling, and other locations in the upper Ohio Valley. Among those he conferred with was Captain James O’Hara who at the time was carrying supplies to Kentucky.
George Rogers Clark. Courthouse Square in Point Pleasant, WV (WV 2 and 6th Street). Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged photo.
"George Rogers Clark. From the Kanawha's mouth in May, 1778, George Rogers Clark set out to attack the British at Vincennes and Kaskaskia. The conquest of the Northwest by his little army of 175 men is ranked among the greatest exploits of all history."
In 1779, Clark led American forces in the defeat of British forces at Vincennes, Indiana. He was a colonial leader on the western front against the British and Indians. Sometimes he is mentioned on the Ohio River and othertimes up around Detroit. Some historians write that Clark’s overriding ambition in life was to take Detroit for the Americans—something he was never able to do.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm
[4] George Rogers Clark Papers, 1771-1781 Vol III, James Alton James, Editor pg. 554-555.
[5] These directions were observed, Maj. Williamson being designated as second, and Maj. Gaddis as third in command..
[6][6] Yet the Moravian historians and their imitators have heaped unmeasured abuse on the brave men who composed this expedition. Heckewelder, in his “History of the Indian Nation,” calls them a “gang of banditti;” and Loskiel, writing in the same vein in his “History of Indian Mission,” said, “The same gang of murderers who had committed the massacre on the Muskingum did not give up their bloody design upon the remnant of the Indian congregation, though it was delayed for a season. They marched in May, 1782, to Sandusky, where they found nothing but empty huts. The Rev Joseph Doddridge, D.D., following the lead of these Moravian defamers, in his “Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars of the Western Parts of Viginia and Pennsylvania”, says of Crawford’s expedition, “This, in one point of view at least, is to be considered as a second Moravian campaign,, as on eof its objects was that of finishing the work of murder and plunder with the Christian Indians at their new extablishment on the Sandusky. The next object was that of destroying Wyandot towns on the same river. It was the resolution of all thowe concerned in this expedition not to spare the life of any Indians that might fall into therir hands, whether friends or foes…It would seem that the long continuance of the Indian war had debased a considerable portion of our population to the savage state of our nature. Having lost so many relatives by the Indians, and witnessed their horrid murders and other depredations on so extensive a scale, they became subjects of that indiscriminating thirst for revenge which is such a prominent feature in the savage character, and having had a taste of blood and plunder, without risk or loss on their part, they resolved to go on and kill every Indian they could find, whether friend or foe.” Does not the tenor of Gen. Irvin’s instructions to Col. Crawford completely disprove the allegations of Loskiel, Hockewelder, and Doddridge? History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, edited by Franklin Ellis. Vol 1 Philadelphia: L.H. Everts and Co. 1882
[7] History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, edited by Franklin Ellis. Vol 1 Philadelphia: L.H. Everts and Co. 1882
[8] By “Sandusky,” General Irvine meant a Wyandot Indian town and settlement upon the Sandusky river in what is now Wyandot county, Ohio. It was then a rendeavous for British Indians of the northwest, preparatory to their striking the western borders of Pennsylvania and Virginia. Near by were located Shawanese, Mingoes, Monses?, Delawares and Ottawas. It was in easy communication with Detroit, headquarters of British troops for the whole country west of Niagara.
[9] Irvine here refers to the scheme of some of the borderers of making new settlements upon the western or Indian side of the Ohio river, especially upon the Muskingum—the “new state scheme.”
[10] Mingo Bottom here spoken of by General irvine was on the east side of the Ohio, a little above but across the river from what is now Steubenville, Ohio. There was also a Mingo bottom below, on the west side of the Ohio (ante, p. 100, note), at which place the volunteers, after crossing the river, were to choose their officers and march thence directly for Sandusky.
[11] William Crawford was born in Westmoreland county, Virginia; his family, however, early moved to Frederick county, beyond the Blue Ridge. Here he married Hannah Vance. He was about ten years older than Washington. but was taught by the latter the art of surveying. Up until the commencement of the old French war, Crawford’s principal duties were such as usually appertain to a farmer’s life. In 1755, he forsook the compass and the plow for
“The pomp and circumstance of glorious war,”
receiving from the governor of Virginia a commission as ensign. He was first employed in garrison duty, or as a scout upon the frontiers. In 175S, he marched with the Virginia troops under Washington to Fort Duquesne, which post was reached and occupied in November. Crawford remained in the service, being promoted first to a lieutenantcy afterwards commissioned as captain. At the close of hostilities, he returned to his home and resumed his labors of farmer and surveyor. In Pontiac’s war, which followed the seven years’ war, he took an active part, doing efficient service in protecting the frontiers from savage incursions.
While in the Virginia army, Crawford became familiar with the country watered by the Monongahela and its branches. He had, indeed, become enamored of the trans-Alleghany region, and resolved, at some future day to make it his home. The time had now arrived to put his resolution into practical effect. Early, therefore, in the summer of 1765, he reached the Youghiogheny river, where, at a place then known as “Stewart’s Crossings,” in what is now Fayette county, Pennsylvania, he chose his future residence; moving his family, consisting of his wife and three children, over the mountains in the spring of 1766. With Crawford, at this place, the next year, Washington opened a correspondence, which continued until near the time of the above letter. (See The Washingtou-Crawford Letters. Cincinnati:
Robert Clarke & Co.)
Among the first employments of Crawford after his removal, besides farming, were surveying and trading With the Indians. During the year 1770, he was appointed one of the justices of the peace for his county, Cumberland, then the most westerly county of Pennsylvania. In the autumn of that year, he received a visit, at his humble cabin upon the Youghiogheny, from Washington, who was then on a tour down the Ohio. Crawford accompanied his friend to the Great Kanawha, the party returning to “Stewart’s Crossings” late in November, whence Washington leisurely made his way back to Mt. Vernon.
In March, 1771, Bedford county having been formed from that part of Cumberland including the home of Crawford, he was appointed by Governor Penn one of the justices of the peace for the new county; and in 1773, the erection of Westmoreland from Bedford taking in his residence, he was commissioned one of the “justices of the court of general quarter sessions of the peace, and of the county court of common pleas” for that county. As he was first named on the list of justices, he became by courtesy and usage the presjdent judge of Westmoreland the first to hold that office in the county. He was, the same year, appointed surveyor for the Ohio company, by the college of William and Mary.
In 1773, Lord Dunmore, the governor of Virginia, paid a visit to Crawford at his house upon the Youghiogheny, the occasion being turned to profitable account by both parties; by the Earl, in getting reliable information of desirable lands; by Crawford, in obtaining promises for patents for such as he had sought out and surveyed. The next year —1774— occurred “Lord Dunmore’s war,” a conflict between the Virginians on the one, side, and the Shawanese and Mingoes, principally, on the other. In this contest, Crawford was a prominent actor; first as captain of a company on a scouting expedition, building, subsequently, along with Major Angus McDonald, a fort at the present site of Wheeling; afterwards as major in command of troops belonging to the division of the army which descended the Ohio to the mouth of Hocking river, in what is now the state of Ohio. The only fighting done in the Indian country after the bloody battle of Point Pleasant on the tenth of October, was by a detachment under Crawford, in what is now Franklin county, Ohio, where he surprised and destroyed two Mingo villages, securing some prisoners as well as considerable amount of plunder, and rescuing two white captives.
The interest taken by Crawford in this war operated greatly to prejudice his Pennsylvania friends against him; for, among them, the conflict had been an exceedingly unpopular one. Crawford, who, at first had sided with Pennsylvania in the boundary controversy subsisting between it and Virginia, now took part with the latter; so he was ousted from all offices held by him under authority of the former province. In December, 1774, he had been conimissioned by Dunmore a justice of the peace and a justice of oyer and terminer for the county of Augusta, the court to be held at Fort Dunmore (Pittsburgh). He did not qualify, however, for these offices until after he had been superseded in those held by him under Pennsylvania authority. Augusta county, as claimed by Virginia, included Crawford’s home upon the Youghiogheny; afterwards the district of West Augusta was formed out of that county. Crawford’s place of residence then fell in that district. Finally, when Yohogania county was established, his cabin came within its boundaries and so remained until Virginia relinquished her claim to southwestern Pennsylvania.
Crawford not only took office under Virginia, but he became an active partisan in extending the jurisdiction of his native province over the disputed territory. Some of his acts were doubtless oppressive, though he soon atoned for them in his patriotic course upon the breaking out of the revolution. The partisan feeling in his breast immediately gave place to the noble one of patriotism. He struck hands with Pennsylvanians in the cause of liberty.
In 1778, Crawford entered the revolutionary service as lieutenant-colonel of the fifth Virginia regiment — William Peachy, colonel. He remained with his regiment until called to the command of the seventh in place of William Dangerfield, resigned. Afterwards, being assigned to the duty of raisiug a new regiment — the thirteenth Virginia — he resigned his command of the seventh. His time thus far had been spent east of the mountains; but now, late in the year, he returned to his home; as the thirteenth “West Augusta regiment “—was to be raised west of the Alleghanies. In August, 1777, with about two hundred of his new levies, Crawford joined the main army under Washington, who was then near Philadelphia. He rendered efficient service in the preliminary movements which resulted in the battle of Brandy-wine, and in that contest not only took an active and prominent part, but came near being captured. He was also, it seems, in the battle of Germantown. Just before this, General Joseph Reed wrote Washington that he had “Colonel Crawford “with him, “a very good officer.”
Late in 1777, Crawford returned to his home, having been sent to the west by Washington to take a command under Brigadier-General Edward Hand. The commander-in-chief, in writing to the board of war on the twenty-third of the followiug May, spoke of Crawford as “a brave and active officer.” His being ordered to the western department, lost him the command of the thirteenth Virginia and his place in the continental line, which Washington, although he regretted the circumstance, could npt get restored to him. Under Brigadier-General Lachlau McIntosh, who succeeded Hand in August, 1778, at Pittsburgh, Crawford took command of the militia of the western counties of Virginia and had in charge the building of Fort McIntosh at what is now Beaver, in Beaver county, Pennsylvania. He marched with that officer into the Indian country in November, in command of a brigade, and was present at the building in December of Fort Laurens, upon the west bank of the Tuscarawas river, in what is now Tuscarawas county, Ohio. He returned soon after to his home, and, in the spring, again marched under McIntosh into the wilderness to the relief of that post. Crawford had now but few prospects before him in a military way, nevertherless he lost no opportunity, when called upon. in serving his country; for he still held his commission as colonel, and continued to hold it until his death.
Notwithstanding the time spent by him in the army, Crawford found leisure to fill several positions of honor and trust to which he bad been called by his fellow citizens at home. In November, 1776, he was appointed deputy surveyor of Yohogauia county, and sat at intervals in 1777 and the following year as one of its judges. In 1778, he was one of the commissioners for adjusting and settling the boundary line between Yohogania and Ohio counties, Virginia; and, in 1779, was commissioned as surveyor of his county, continuing in that office to the time of his death, which occurred before the return of the expedition spoken of by Irvine as assembling at Mingo Bottom. (See last note to letter XIV, following.)
[12] ‘John Rose, familiarly known at Fort Pitt as “Major Rose.” His real name was Gustavus H. de Rosenthal, or, more correctly, Henri Gustave Rosenthal. He was a Russian nobleman. Becoming involved in a duel, he killed his antagonist and fled his country. He arrived in America in the early days of the revolution; made his appearance in the cantonments of the patriot army, and gave his name as simply John Rose, stodiously concealing his rank and birth. He was a fine looking young man; spoke the French language, and having taken a brief course of surgery, in Baltimore, was appointed subsequently surgeon of the seventh Pennsylvania regiment, having previously done duty as a surgeon’s math in one of the army hospitals. At length, owing to a feeling of jealousy on the part of some of the American officers against foreigners, he resigned his position in his regiment and volunteered as surgeon in the navy of the United States, only to be taken prisoner by the British and carried to New York. After being exchanged, he returned to Pennsylvania; was made ensign in a company of the fourth regiment of that state, and lieutenant on the first of April, 1781. On the eighth of July following, General Irvine appointed him his aid. Upon Irvine taking command at Pittsburgh, he brought with him Lieutenant Rose; and, as above stated, when the expedition against Sandusky was planned, he was permitted by the general to accompany it. He still kept his secret, but Irvine ‘had had strong suspicions ever since first making his acquaintance, of his exalted character and station. He remained in the west until the return of the general from Fort Pitt, occasionally, as duty required, visiting Carlisle and Philadelphia. The troops under Irvine were paid off, for the last time, by him. In the fall of 1783, he was secretary to the council of censors of Pennsylvania, and in the spring of 1784 sailed for Europe, to return to his home, having received complete immunity from his sovereign. Before leaving he revealed his real history to Irvine. Pennsylvania rewarded him in land for his valuable services. Afterward, he held an office of honor under the emperor of Russia. He was born in 1753 and died in Rival June 26, 1829.
[13] Dr. John Knight. He was born in Scotland in the year 1751. He subsequently, in England, gained some knowledge of medicine. He came to America in 1773. Migrating to the west, he enlisted in 1776, as a private in the thirteenth Virginia regiment,— afterward the ninth, but at date of the above letter, the seventh, of which John Gibson was colonel. Soon after enlisting, he was made sergeant, and was in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and other engagements. On the ninth of August, 1778, he was appointed surgeon’s mate of his regiment, which office he held at the time he was spared by Irvine to go upon the Sandusky expedition. He continued his duties as surgeon’s mate until the close of the war. On the fourteenth of October, 1784, he married Polly Stephenson, daughter of Richard Stephenson, half brother of Colonel William Crawford. He subsequently moved to Shelby county, Kentucky, where he died on the twelfth of March, 1838, the father of ten children.
Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield, pages 118-119.
[14] The “instructions” afterward sent by Irvine were as follow:
“FORT PITT, May 14, 1782.
“To the officer who will be appointed to command a detachment of volunteer militia, on an expedition against the Indian town at or near Sandusky.
“SIR — When an officer is detached, though he may have general instructions, yet much must depend on his own prudence. On such an expedition as the present, where a variety of unexpected events may take place, I think it would be vain to attempt being particular. In general, however, it is incumbent on me to give such ideas as I think may be of use.
“The object of your command is to destroy with fire and sword (if practicable) the Indian town and settlements a~ Sandusky, by which we hope to give ease and safety to the inhabitants of this country; but if impracticable, then you will doubtless perform such other services in your power as will, in their consequences, have a tendency to answer this great end.
“Previous to taking up your line of march, it will be highly expedient that all matters respecting rank or command should be well determined and clearly understood, as far at least as first, second and third. This precaution, in case of accident or misfortune, may be of great importance. Indeed, I think whatever rank or grade may be fixed on to have commands, their relativa rank should be determined. And as it is indispensably necessary that subordination and discipline should be kept up, the whole ought to understand that, notwithstanding they are volunteers, yet by this tour they are to get credit for it in their tours of militia duty; and that for this and other good reasons, they must, while out on this duty, consider themselves, to all intents, subject to the militia law and regulations for the government of the militia when in actual service.
“Your best chance for success will be, if possible, to effect a surprise; and though this will be difficult, yet, by forced and rapid marches, it may, in a gTeat degree, be accomplished. I am clearly of opinion that you should regulate your last day’s march so as to reach the town about dawn of day or a little before, and that the march of this day should be s long as can well be performed.
“I need scarcely mention to so virtuous and disinterested a set of men as you will have the honor to command, that, th~gh the main object at present is for the purposes above set forth, viz., the protection of this country, yet you are to consider yourselves as acting in behalf and for the interest of the United States. That, of course, it will be incumbent on you especially who will have the command, and on every individual, to act, in every instance, in such a manner as will reflect honor on, and add reputation to, the American arms — always having in view the law of arms, of nations, or independent states.
“Should any prison~rs, British, or in the service or pay of Britain or their allies, faH into your hands — if it should prove inconvenient for you to bring them off, you will, nevertheless, take special care to liberate them on parole, in such a manner as to insure liberty for an equal number of our people in their hands. There are individuals, however, who, I think should be brought off at all events, should the fortune of war throw them into your hands. I mean such as have deserted to the enemy since the declaration of independence.
“On your return, whatever your success may be, you will please to make report to me. I very sincerely wish you success; and am. dear sir, your
obedient servant, W. Irvine
The following extract from a letter written by Irvine to John Lyon more than seventeen years after these instructions were sent, is confirmatory of them:
“Colonel Crawford was on the continental establishment of the Virginia line. The troops under his command, at the time he fell, were volunteer militia, part Virginians and part Pennsylvanians, and a few continental officers whom I sent to assist him. All the troops both regulars and militia in that quarter, were at that time under my orders. In looking over my instructions to the officer who should be appointed to command that expedition — the volunteers were allowed to chose one, and they elected Colonel Crawford—I find he was enjoined to reg~ilate rank of officers before he took up his line of march, and to impress on their minds that the whole must from the moment they marched be in all respects subject to the rules and articles
of war for the regular troops.”
(Washington-Irving Correspondence by Butterfield pages 118-119.)
[15] . VA. Estate Settlements, Library of Congress #76-53168, International Std. Book #8063-0755-2 (Rosella Ward Wegner)
[16] Narrative of Dr. Knight.
[17] http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mp648&id=I9416
[18] http://penningtons.tripod.com/jepthagenealogy.htm
[19] http://www.genuinekansas.com/history_samuel_j_jones_sheriff_kansas.htm
[20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_%28Kansas%29
[21] Kansas-Nebraska Act
•Lawrence Massacre, a separate attack on Lawrence on August 21, 1863, during the American Civil War.
1. ^ a b Durwood Ball, Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001), 174
2. ^ Durwood Ball, Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001), 175
3. ^ Jay Monaghan, Civil War on the Western Border, 1854-1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984), 57
4. ^ a b Monaghan, Civil War on the Western Border, 58
5. ^ Ross Drake, "The Law That Ripped America In Two," Smithsonian Magazine, May 1, 2004.
[22] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacking_of_Lawrence
[23] ON This Day in America by John Wagman
[24] Headed for mouth of Red River which they reached at 9 o'clock am. Unable to secure river transports, the soldiers again took up the line of march to Morganza, on the Mississippi River. [47] Letter, WTR to brother May 23, 1864.
[25] On 21-22 May A. J. Smith’s corps embarked for Vicksburg.
http://www.civilwarhome.com/redrivercampaign.htm
[26]MILTON R. HUNTER, physician, Catawba.
[27] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[28] Rigby Journal, May 21, 1865. History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 202.)
[29] Rigby Journal, May 21, 1865. History of the 24th Iowa Infantry by Harvey H Kimball, August 1974, page 202.)
[30] http://penningtons.tripod.com/roster.htm
[31] http://cwcfamily.org/egy3.htm
[32] Winton Goodlove papers.
[33] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[34] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lindbergh-to-congress-negotiate-with-hitler
[35] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[2] Gedenkbuch (Germany)* does not include many victims from area of former East Germany).
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