•Aerial photograph of the Campi Flegrei caldera. The structure, formed during the Campanian Ignimbrite super-eruption, lies west of the city of Naples, Italy.
Aerial photograph of the Campi …
A super-eruption of an Italian volcano that may have played a major role in the Neanderthals' fate was apparently even larger than thought, new research suggests.
For the new study, scientists investigated the Campi Flegrei caldera volcano in southern Italy. About 39,000 years ago, it experienced the largest volcanic eruption that Europe has seen in the last 200,000 years. This super-eruption may have played a part in wiping out or driving away Neanderthal and modern human populations in the eastern Mediterranean.
To learn more about this outburst, scientists measured 115 sites for the ash layer it laid down, known as Campanian Ignimbrite. They next analyzed this data with a 3D ash-dispersal computer model.
The researchers discovered the super-eruption behind the Campanian Ignimbrite would have spewed 60 to 72 cubic miles (250 to 300 cubic kilometers) of ash across 1.4 million square miles (3.7 million square km). This is twice to triple the previous estimate of the volume of ash spouted by the eruption.
These findings, detailed online May 30 in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, suggest the super-eruption would have spread up to 990 million pounds (450 million kilograms) of poisonous sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. This air pollution would have cooled the Northern Hemisphere, driving down temperatures by 1.8 to 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (1 to 2 degrees Celsius) for two to three years, enough to have severe effects on the environment. (For comparison, the air pollutants generated by the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo reduced global temperatures by about 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit (0.5 degrees Celsius).
The researchers noted that the Campi Flegrei super-eruption took place in what was already an especially cold, dry period in the last Ice Age. "The eruption would have made conditions even worse for the Neanderthal and modern human populations," researcher Antonio Costa, a volcanologist at the University of Reading in England and the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Naples, told OurAmazingPlanet.
Fluorine-laden ash from the eruption that later became incorporated into plant matter eaten by these hominids could have also potentially caused a condition known as fluorosis, which can lead to eye, tooth and organ damage. In addition, sulfur dioxide, fluorine and chlorine emissions from the volcano would have generated intense acid rain downwind of the volcano.
The researchers plan to look at other super-eruptions, such as the Toba outburst about 75,000 years ago, "which was much larger than the Campanian Ignimbrite," Costa said. "We can also study the Yellowstone super-volcano."[2]
38,000 years ago…At Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology scientist have succeeded in recovering the first viable sample of Neanderthal DNA from a 38,000 year old bone fragment. They are using it to reconstruct the entire Neanderthal Geno. A genetic roadmap that will reveal new details about how their bodies compare with ours on a molecular level.[3]
Neanderthals are the first extinct primate species to have their full geno mapped. Earlier studies indicated that another human relative, the chimpanzee, was 98.8 percent identical to ours. [4]
May 30, 70: During the Siege of Jerusalem, Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. The Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres.[5]
May 30, 1252: Saint Ferdinand III, the King of Castile and King of Galicia and Leon passed away. The King must have been both courageous and practical. He stood up to the powerful Catholic Church when refused the Pope’s demand that Jews be forced to wear special badge and clothing. He was afraid that the requirement would force the Jews to leave for Muslim Granada which would have had a disastrous effect on revenue collections for his kingdom.[6]
Saint Ferdinand III is the 22nd great grandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
May 30, 1382: The Synod instructed every diocese to publish the verdict. Wheatcliff became ill and was paralized by a stroke. Two years later he died. Wheetcliff’s death did not mean an end to the movement, but Lolards were in constant risk of their lives.[7]
1383 to 1389:Vivelin/Gutleben in Strasburg.[8]
Dear Jeffery,
>
> I read with interest your exchange with Alice Gutleben, which was
> reported your blog's recent entries. I did not know why Alice
> suspected a connection - after all, the names involved would seem to
> be rather common. Out of curiosity, I did a search on Google Books,
> and I found the following reference:
>
> http://books.google.com/books?id=OnURAAAAYAAJ&dq=gutleben%20gottlieb%20juden&pg=PA8#v=snippet&q=gutleben%20gottlieb&f=false
>
> Footnote 1, page 8, reads:
>
> "Dieser Arzt Gottlieb ist vermutlich identisch mit dem Arzt Gutleben,
> der 1383 in Strassburg durch den dortigen Magistrat angestellt wurde;
> Achawa 1866, S. 113."
>
> "This Doctor Gottlieb is probably identical with the Doctor Gutleben
> who was hired in Strasburg in 1383 by the local magistrate..."
>
> In other words, the names Gutleben/Gottlieb do appear to have been
> variants of each other, and further more this might connect to Alice's
> ancestors.
>
> There are further references below to a Jew 'by the name of Gottlieb /
> Gutleben', but I don't know how significant this is:
>
> Ferner begegnet in den Quellen noch ein Jude namens Gottlieb bzw. Gutleben,
> der
> erstmals 1409 und 1435 noch immer als Mülhauser Jude nachweisbar
>
> (the full reference will appear on Google Books if you type "namens
> Gottlieb bzw. Gutleben").
>
>
> Good luck with your interesting research,
>
> Philippe[9]
1383
In 1383, the city accepted sixteen more Jewish families on the recommendation of the counts d’ Oettingen, and issued on this occasion a new ordinance, which regulated the leagal and legal statute Jews. It prohibits, in particular, to the rabbinical court to pronounce sentences with regard to a Christian, and returned all the businesses between Juifs and Christians in front of the court of the Provost.
The same year, the city engaged a Jewish Doctor, Gutleben, for one six years duration. He was to exert his art on the middle class man and the civiles servant of the city. His wages werse of 50 guilders a year, and he could moreover, lend money to interest.[10]
May 30, 1441: Joan D'Arc burned as a witch and heretic May 30. [11]
May 30, 1574: Henry III becomes King of France on the death of his brother, Charles IX. Henry had been serving as the King of Poland at the time of his brother’s death. He owed his selection as ruler Poland to a Jew named Solomon Ashkenazi who was an advisor to the Turkish Sultan.[12]
1575: A spirit of tolerance and cooperation was strikingly demonstrated in the policies of Akbar, the third Moghul emperor, who reigned from 1560 to 1605 and who respected all faiths. Out of sensitivity to the Hindus, he became a vegetarian, gave up hunting, a sport he greatly enjoyed, and forbade the sacrifice of animals on his birthday or in the Hindu holy places. In 1575 he founded a house of Worship, where scholars from all religions could meet to discuss God. Here, apparently, the Jesuit missionaries from Europe were the most aggressive.[13]
May 30: 1635: During what will be known as the Thirty Years War (it started in 1618 and ended in 1648) the Peace of Prague is signed marking the start of the end of hostilities. The war will finally end with the Peace of Westphalia. The war was between pitted Protestants against Catholics with Jews caught in the middle For example the Jews of Vienna suffered as a result of the occupation of the city by Imperial soldiers in 1624 when Emperor Ferdinand II confined the Jews to a ghetto. The fighting centered around Germany, Austria, France and the Netherlands and throughout many towns in Germany and Moravia, the Jewish population was expelled, which resulted in thousands of refugees fleeing to Cracow and other Polish cities. These Jews would get caught up in the uprisings that took place in Polish dominated Ukraine. The good news is that the end of the Thirty Years War would mark the rise of a flourishing Protestant Netherlands that would prove a home to European Jews.[14]
May 30, 1762: Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Emden, Prussia.[15]
May 30, 1776
At the time of the outbreak of the American War of Independence Waldeck had nearly a century-old tradition of hiring mercenary troops. In contrast to the Kassel contract for troops, the Waldeck document contained a
paragraph establishing reimbursement of the ruler of Waldeck for every soldier killed or wounded in action. Lord Cambden, a speaker for the King's loyal opposition
alluded to this blood money in a debate in the House of Lords. "The whole is a mere mercenary bargain for the hire of troops on one side, and for the sale of human
blood on the other; and... the devoted wretches thus purchased for slaughter are mere mercenaries in the worst sense of the word." 1)
A decree of 1755 had ordered conscription procedures in Waldeck which allowed only university students exemption from service, but in 1776, the ruler of Waldeck attached
great importance to sending only volunteers to America. At the beginning of the War of Independence two Waldeck regiments were stationed in Holland. A part of the
officers and men transferred to the newly-formed Third English-Waldeck Mercenary Regiment. Nevertheless it was difficult to acquire recruits in the time allotted. Even the poor of Waldeck were not especially anxious to subject themselves to the American adventure. Therefore recruitment abroad, i.e., in other German territories, was required to hire the necessary troops. Instead of a bounty, recruits were offered a daily cash payment. The regiment arrived at the port of Bremerlehe in May 30, 1776 with a two-week delay. Therefore the Second Division could not set sail for America until June 2.[16]
Even as the Hessian riflemen were arriving in America, the British authorized the deployment of five riflemen to each company, arming them with short barreled rifles similar to those carried bgy the Jaegers. Additionally, one company of each regimen’s 10 was designated a “light company” of skirmishers and scouts, and these troops, too, oftren included riflemen. The British employed small numbers of riflmen in support of larger elements, rather than designating them to separate units.
There were exceptions, the most notable being the Corps of Riflemen led by Capt. Patrick Ferguson. A world-class marksman considered the finest rifle shot in the British Army, Ferguson also was the inventive genius who designed the world’s first breech-loaded military rifle, which could fire an astounding six aimed shots per minute. When he demonstrated his rifle for King George III in June 1776, not only did the enthusiastic monarch order it into production, but he authorized Ferguson to recruit his own 100 man Corps of Riflemen to be armed with the revolutionary gun. [17]
Unfortunately for Ferguson, his commander in America, Sir William Howe, did not take well to young upstarts with pet ideas. How publicly welcomed the new unit and its peculiar rifle, but he sought to dispose of both. [18]
May 30, 1778: Votaire was intiated into the Lodge Les Neuf Soeurs (Lodge of the Nine Muses) in Paris, on April 7, 1778, less than two monthys before his death on May 30th. He was very weak, and was assisted by tow brothers, one of whom was Benjamin Franklin. Because of his frail health, he was exempted from the more rigorous tests experienced during the French rite of initiation. Voltaire was given a gift apron worn by the philosopher Claude Adrien Helvetius, one of the founders of the The lodge of the Nine Muses, who died in 1771.[19] Voltaire is generally regarded as a great thinker. However, as can be seen from his own words, he was a rabid anti-Semite. He described Jews as being “small, ignorant and crude people.” Voltaire did not base his anti-Semitism on the Jews adherence to their religion. Cure them of their religion, he wrote and there is still the problem of their in-born character.[20]
May 30, 1779
On May 3oth, the fleet sailed up the Hudson, and anchoring off the Phillips house, disembarked the troops for the expedition, making a force of 5,000 men — of which the German contingent included the Guards, the Grenadier battalion of v. Linsingen, and 400 Hessian and Rhenish Yãgers. The Prince Charles regiment had come with the fleet from the south. Although it counted 70 sail, large and small, and 140 flatboats, there was hardly standing room on deck.[21]
May 30, 1779
…I heard assembly blown in the Jager Corps. I hurried back as quickly as possible and found that Major Prueschenck, Captain Lorey, and I, each with one hundred men, were ordered to march immediately to Philipse’s wharf. There we found all the grenadiers of the army, the light infantry, the Legion, Ferguson’s Corps, four English regiments, and Robinson’s provincials. The flatboats were boarded at once, and these troops were all embarked on the transport ships of the Mathew Corps. Eight hundred men were thrown on each ship, whereby everybody was stacked in such an unpleasant position that no one could either sit or lie down. All the horses had been sent back. We had nothing with us but what we carried on our backs, not even a bite of bread.
At daybreak on the 31st this fleet, under Commodore Sir George Collier, set sail under escort of two 64-gun ships, three frigates, and four row galleys. Aided by the flood tide and a mild east wind, the fleet passed up the Hudson River and anchored about midday at Tellar’s Point, where all the troops disembarked under General Pattison except for three English regiments and one hundred jägers under Captain Lorey, which were put ashore at Stony Point across from Tellar’s Point.
The march of the main corps, under the Commander in Chief and Major Generals Vaughan and Kospoth, took place along the bank toward Verplanck’s Point. The Americans had constructed a fort there for the protection of this passage of the river, where a battery was cut in the rocks at Stony Point. Since the work on the right bank was open, it was abandoned at once by the enemy and occupied by General Pattison toward evening, but Fort Lafayette on Verplanck’s Point was a good defensive position and garrisoned with a Carolina battalion and six 12-pounders.
General Vaughan advanced at once against the fort with two hundred jàgers, Ferguson’s Corps, and the English grenadiers to assault all the approaches, and at the same time the row galleys drew close to the fort so that they could fire upon it. Firing began immediately between the galleys and the guns of the work. The enemy work was summoned at once, but the commandant refused to surrender and declared he would resist. The army encamped so that the enemy corps under General McDougall could not attempt a rescue.
The row galleys fired upon the fort until nightfall, for it was unapproachable from the land side in front of heavy guns because of the inaccessible terrain. The jagers and Ferguson had to approach as close as possible on the land side in order to harass the garrison of the fort with rifle fire, but this could not help much since the whole fort was built of rocks and building stones.[22]
1779 MAP OF THE EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH AMERICA, [1][23]
May 30th, 1782
May 3Oth.—We march’d early this day steering N.West along this path called after Bouquet— A number of horses being lost—2 Companies were left on the ground.
A short distance from our encampment we saw a large Deer Lick, and 2 miles farther on we struck a path crossing ours in a rectangle almost. this is the strait path from Sandusky to Wheeling and crosses the Muskingham about 10 Miles from the upper Moray. Town.
“One of our pilots (Zaines) proposed striking this path in “a strait direction from the Mingoe Bottom—and the other “a path to the N.E. of us, about 8 miles from our first en“camping ground, between the 8 forks of Yellow Creek.”
Here we left Bouquet’s road & followed this Warrior’s path running N.W. towards Mohickin John’s Town, where the fort Laurens road joins it.
two days before us a party of 60 Warriors had travelled along here towards our frontiers. Of 3 horse tracks, who had kept a-head of us from the Moray. Towns to observe our motions one had followed the Warriors and 2 kept before us on the Sandusky course.—The Woods were on fire at different places. At 11 o’clock we were joined by the remaining party & grossed immediately after a Bad Defile: marching down a rocky hill, at the foot of which we had to cross a Creek & immediately again to ascend a steep rocky hill covered by an open Wood. A place formed to obstruct numbers with a handfull of Men, particularly as the Hill on the north Side commands the other, on this side the Creek.
the Country in general is level, rich, well timbered and intersected by a great many runs, who are accompanied by excellent Bottoms.
In the evening we entered a Bottom several miles long, watered by different winding runs & terminated by Kill Buck’s Creek. We crossed it about Miles [sic] from Kill Buck’s former town & encamped along it at the upper end of the Bottom. the north Banks of this Water were so steep & miry that we were baffled in several places in our attenipts to get out of the Creek. the easiest ford is in a curve of the Creek to your Right hand as the common path leads, and then you are obliged to go a piece in the Water up the Creek.
I calculate this day’s march at near 20 miles. We passed several encampments of this party of Warriors going to our frontiers, who probably proceeded but slow, and detained hunting. It would have been necessary to have sent a runner back to apprize our frontiers of this impending danger. the letters were wrote & we could but get one Man willing to undertake carrying them; on condition, another one would accompany him. But as no other could be found, the matter fell through.[24]
X.— MOORE TO IRVINE.
IN Council,, PHILADELPHIA, ,May 30, 1782.
Sir:—Your favors of the 2d, 3d and 9th of the present month, with the representations made by Colonel Williamson[25] and Colonel Marshel,[26] have been read in council and shall be immediately laid before congress[27] as a matter of high importance to the reputation of this state, and to the generl interest and honor of the United States. We request that you will continue your inquiries on this subject and transmit us such information from time to time as may come to’your knowledge tending to elucidate this dark transaction.[28]
The proposed immigration appears to be a dangerous measure; and if the circumstances which you mention respecting Mr. J— can be ascertained, he ought to be secured as a British emissary employed to inveigle away our citizens and place them in a situation whicli must compel them to put themselves under the protection of the British as the only means by which they can be secured from the ravages of the Indians. Such an event would afford a plausible story, which the British would seize with avidity and represent at every court in Europe as an instance of submission to them on the part of America; a story which might be extremely injurious to America, and such as no man who has a due regard to his country would give a countenance to by any act of his.
The recruiting service is of so much importance that we cannot forbear to inquire anxiously what success you have in it and to request you will transmit to us a return of the recruits you have obtained as early as possible.
As to the expedition you mentioned, we can only say, we confide in your zeal and prudence to direct the force which may be in your power in the most effectual manner for covering the frontiers.1A
May 30 and 31, 1780
On the 30th and 31st the jãger detachment and the English and Hessian grenadiers were embarked on transport vessels in the Cooper River above the city. Today all the warships which were to protect the fleet sailed to Five Fathom Hole.[29]
May 30, 1783 The Pennsylvania Evening Post becomes the first daily newspaper in the United States.[30]
May 30, 1784: REGIMENT VON MIRBACH
(MIR plus company number)
The Regiment V. Mirbach departed on March 1, 1776 from Melsungen. It embarked from Breznerlehe on May 12, 1776 and reached New York on August 14, 1776. The regiment was part of the Hessian First Division and took part in the following major engagements:
-- Long Island (NY, August 27, 1776)
-- Fort Washington (upper Manhattan, NY, November 16, 1776)
-- Brandywine (PA, September 11, 1777)
-- Redbank (Gloucester County, NJ, also known as Fort Mercer, October 22-November 21, 1777)
The regiment departed from New York on 21 November
1783 and arrived at Breznerlehe on April 20, 1784.
They returned to their quarters in Melsungen on May 30, 1784.
May 30, 1807: (History of Werneck’s Catholic Church, It was indicated that Franz Gottlop was a Catholic. Perhaps there was a conversion during this period.) In the year 1628 by the Fürstbischoff at that time Adolf by honour mountain a dreistöckiger Getreidespeicher one built. This in the year 1631 of Sweden was robbed, but was not burnt down how often usual. In the northern part this Getreidespeicher was furnished to 1668 a hall with an altar in honours Maria Verkündigung and an organ. This hall raised wurde1691 by Gottfried from Guttenberg to the branch church (the Pfarrei Ettleben). The municipality Werneck a corner belonged up to the year 1910 to the Pfarrei Ettleben. In the context of the new building of the lock developed there its own castle church, which was inaugurated on August 29, 1745 by the Fürstbischoff Friedrich Karl von Schönborn. The first service found against it only 1756 instead of and to May 30, 1807 Werneck raised with the castle church to the Kuratie.
(Translation)[31]
May 30, 1807: (History of Werneck’s Catholic Church, It was indicated that Franz Gottlop was a Catholic. Perhaps there was a conversion during this period.) In the year 1628 by the Fürstbischoff at that time Adolf by honour mountain a dreistöckiger Getreidespeicher one built. This in the year 1631 of Sweden was robbed, but was not burnt down how often usual. In the northern part this Getreidespeicher was furnished to 1668 a hall with an altar in honours Maria Verkündigung and an organ. This hall raised wurde1691 by Gottfried from Guttenberg to the branch church (the Pfarrei Ettleben). The municipality Werneck a corner belonged up to the year 1910 to the Pfarrei Ettleben. In the context of the new building of the lock developed there its own castle church, which was inaugurated on August 29, 1745 by the Fürstbischoff Friedrich Karl von Schönborn. The first service found against it only 1756 instead of and to May 30, 1807 Werneck raised with the castle church to the Kuratie. [32]
Maj. G. M. Bedinger’s writings.
Lower Blue Licks May 30th, 1831
…But to attend to your letters, in answer to which I say I do not recollect where I first saw Col. Oldham but am confident he did not belong to our (Capt. Stephensons) company but that Conway Oldham his brother did belong to it, viz. Capt. Hugh Stephensons firs company of riflemen, Stephenson was I think the oldes or first Capt in the revolution Daniel Morgan near the same time marched a company from Frederick County to Cambridge near by Boston, from thence he went to quebeck I think he departed from near Cambridge College about the first of July (July 1) 1775. I remain’d in Stephensons company at Roxbury near Boston at the siege in sight of the enemy about nine months. Thence in the Spring 76 marched to New York Staten Island &c. I was intimately acquainted with Colonel Wm. Oldham on St. Clairs campaign but was not with him when he fell.[33]
May 30, 1831: OLIVER CRAWFORD, b. May 17, 1805, Clark County, Kentucky; d. July 06, 1876, Estell County, Kentucky; m. DELINA PRUNTY ESTES, May 30, 1831, Madison County, Kentucky. [34]
April 29-May30, 1862: Dr. William McKinnon Goodlove (1st cousin, 3 times removed) as a soldier in the 57th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Advance on and siege of Corinth, Miss., April 29-May 30. [35]
Mon. May 30[36], 1864
Started out on a troop day scout on chapalia Byo marched 20 miles fired into at dark by bushwhackers[37] camped at 10 at night
capt Paul killed 4 wounded in re[38][39][40]
May 30, 1864: Samuel Godlove of the Iowa 24th Infantry Regiment, D Co Battle at Rosedale Bayou, Louisiana on May 30, 1864.
April 29, May 30, 1865: Dr. William McKinnon Goodlove (1st cousin, 3 times removed) a soldier in the 57th Ohio Volunteer Infantry March to Washington D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29, May 30. [41]
May 30, 1880: Martin GUTLEBEN was born on June 29, 1850.
Martin married Marie UNKNOWN about 1906 in ,,NE. Marie was born about 1864 in Alsace,Lorraine,Germany.
Martin next married Catharina Barbara FRITSCH on April 3, 1877 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace. Catharina was born on October 31, 1850.
Children from this marriage were:
M i. Johann Martin GUTLEBEN was born on May 25, 1879 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died in 1900 in ,,NE at age 21.
Anna Catharina GUTLEBEN was born on May 30, 1880 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace.
Anna married Ferdinand MEIERJURGEN on November 29, 1905 in NE. Ferdinand was born about 1880.[42]
May 30, 1901: C. H. Harrison (before 1861 - after 1901)
Grant Co., KY
Surnames Mentioned: HARRISON HUME DICKERSON BEASLEY
C. H. HARRISON. None of the younger members of the Grant County bar stand higher among the people of the county than does C. H. Harrison. He has been an active practitioner since June 18, 1885. He is a son of Urial Harrison and Mary F. (Hume) Harrison. He attended the best schools in Williamstown, and for a season attended Centre College at Danville. When he grew to manhood's estate he selected the law as his profession and went into the law office of W. W. Dickerson and after two years of close application was admitted to the bar and begin his life's work. Three years ago he formed a partnership with C. H. Beasley, and the firm of which he is a member is doing a large and lucrative business. In politics Mr. Harrison is a Republican and stands high in the councils of his party. He is a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias and a member of the Baptist Church. [43]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
May 30, 1922: The Lincoln Memorial is dedicated in Washington D.C.[44]
May 30, 1941: Baghdad is taken by the British.[45]
May 30, 1942: Nimitz himself personally inspected the weary carrier before telling the yard manager, "We must have this ship back in three days." She was. Early May 30, battered, patched, but battleworthy, Yorktown stood out of Pearl Harbor, bringing up the rear of Task Force 17, RADM Fletcher commanding. [46]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] By Charles Q. Choi, OurAmazingPlanet Contributor | LiveScience.com – 2 hrs 14 mins ago
[2] Copyright 2012 OurAmazingPlanet, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. [2]
@yahoonews on Twitter, become a fan on Facebook
[3] Clash of the Cavemen. 5/11/2008 History.com
[4] Clash of the Cavemen. 5/11/2008 History.com
[5] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[6] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[7] The Reformation, The Adventure of English. 12/10/2003, HISTI
[8] Die mittelalterliche Arzte-Familie,, Gutleben” page 93.
[9] Phillippe Schlenker Email, May 6, 2010.
[10] History of the Jews of Strasbourg, Chief rabbi Max Warschawski.
[11] mike@abcomputers.com
[12] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[13] A History of God by Lauren Armstrong, page 263
[14] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[15] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[16] VEROFFENTLICHUNGEN DER ARCHIVSCHULE MARBURG INSTITUT FÜR ARCHIVWISSENSCHAFT Nr. 10 WALDECKER TRUPPEN IM AMERIKANISCHEN UNABHANGIGK EITSKRIEG (HETRINA) Index nach Familiennamen Bd.V Bearbeitet von Inge Auerbach und Otto Fröhlich Marburg 1976
[17] American Rifleman, Riflemen of the Revolution, May 2009, page 42.
[18] American Rifleman Magazine
[19] The Journal of the Masoninc Society, Autumn, 2010, Issue 10.
[20] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[21] The German Allied Troops in the North American War of Independence, 1776-1783 by Max von Eelking pgs. 172-173
[22]
[23] [1] by Thos. Kitchin, Hydrographer to His Majesty, from A Philosphical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, by Abbe Raynal, Dublin, 1779 per page 590 of Phillips.
[24] Journal of a Volunteer Expedition to Sandusky, Baron Rosenthal, “John Rose”.
[25]These words only tend to increase the anxiety to know the particulars of “the representations” made by Marshel and Williamson concerning the “Gnadenhuetten affair.”
[26]The fact that the letters of Marshel and Williamson here referred to, and which had been obtained by Irvine, were the official reports of the expedition ‘that resulted in the killing of the Moraviah Indians “the Gnadenhuettan affair” naturally awakens an interest in their recovery; all efforts, however, in that direction have thus far been fruitless.
[27]The two letters were sent by the governor to the Pennsylvania delegates in congress, as the following proceedings show:
[29] Diary of the American War, A Hessian Journal by Captain Johann Ewald pgs.242-243
[30] On This Day in America by John Wagman
[31] http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/werneck_synagoge.htm
[32] (Translation)
http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/werneck_synagoge.htm
[33] The George M. Bedinger Papers in the Draper Manuscript Collection, Transcribed and indexed by Craig L. Heath pg,75.
[34] http://penningtons.tripod.com/jepthagenealogy.htm
[35] History of Logan County and Ohio, O.L. Basking & Co., Chicago, 1880. page 692.
[36] Expedition from Morganza to the Atchafalaya River May 30-June 6. (UNION IOWA VOLUNTEERS, 24th Regiment, Iowa Infantry: http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/template.cfm?unitname=24th%20Regiment%2C%20Iowa%20Infantry&unitcode=UIA0024RI)
[37] “We were called bushwhackers, as a term of reproach, simply because our attacks were generally surprises, and we had to make up by celerity for lack of numbers. Now I never resented the epithet of “bushwacker” although there was no soldier to whom it applied less, because bushwhacking is a legitimate form of war, and it is just as fair and equally heroic to fire at an enemy from behind a bush as a breastwork or from the casemate of a fort.” Memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby (1887).
http://spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACWmosby.htm
[38] The Twenty-fourth Iowa had a skirmish with the enemy while engaged in a reconnoitering expedition from Morganza, in which Captain B. G Paul, of Company K, was killed, and four enlisted men were wounded. The losses of the regiment while connected with the troops commanded by General Banks had reached the aggregate number of 48, and the results accomplished, during that period of its service, were not only not commensurate with the loss, but the officers and men of the regiment were fully justified in the opinion that the sacrifice had been in vain, and they were rejoiced to know that a change for the better was in prospect.
(Roster of Iowa Soldiers in the War of the Rebellion Vol. III, 24th Regiment-Infantry ftp://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgienweb/ia/state/military/civilwar/book/cwbk 24.txt.
[39] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[40] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary
[41] History of Logan County and Ohio, O.L. Basking & Co., Chicago, 1880. page 692.
[42] Descendents of Elias Gutleben, Alice Email, May 2010.
[43] Source: Souvenir Edition, The Williamstown Courier, Williamstown, Ky, May 30, 1901, reprinted September 19, 1981 by the Grant County KY Historical Society.
Other Kentucky Biographies.
[44] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[45] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1765
[46] http://www.cv6.org/1942/midway/midway_5.htm
No comments:
Post a Comment