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This Day in Goodlove History, May 7
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy
May 7, 833 BCE (2 Iyar 2928): Traditional date on which King Solomon began building the Temple in Jerusalem.[1]
Solomon's Temple
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A sketch of Solomon's Temple as described in the Hebrew Bible. Cross section, looking West (above). East elevation (below).
Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple, was the main temple in ancient Jerusalem, on the Temple Mount (also known as Mount Zion), before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE.
According to the Hebrew Bible, the temple was constructed under Solomon, king of the Israelites. This would date its construction to the 10th century BCE, although it is possible that an earlier Jebusite sanctuary had stood on the site. During the kingdom of Judah, the temple was dedicated to Yahweh, the God of Israel, and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant. Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and, based on the 2nd-century work Seder Olam Rabbah, place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE (3338 AM), 165 years later than secular estimates.
Because of the religious sensitivities involved, and the politically volatile situation in East Jerusalem, only limited archaeological surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted. No excavations have been allowed on the Temple Mount during modern times. There is no direct archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon's Temple, and no mentions of it in the surviving contemporary extra-biblical literature. An Ivory pomegranate mentions priests in the house of YHWH, and an inscription recording the Temple's restoration under Jehoash have appeared on the antiquities market, but the authenticity of both has been challenged and they remain the subject of controversy. Another possible but disputed mention is in a Judean inscription, probably from the 7th century BCE, that refers to the "House of Yahweh" and a king called Ashyahu.[1]
History
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King Solomon dedicates the Temple at Jerusalem, painting by James Jacques Joseph Tissot (French, 1836–1902) or followers
The earliest source of information on the First Temple is the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament). According to the biblical sources, the temple was constructed under king Solomon during Israel's period of united monarchy. This puts the date of its construction in the mid-10th century BCE.[2] Some scholars have speculated that a Jebusite sanctuary may have previously occupied the site.[3] During the kingdom of Judah, the temple was dedicated to Yahweh, the God of Israel and is said to have housed the Ark of the Covenant.[4] Rabbinic sources state that the First Temple stood for 410 years and, based on the 2nd-century work Seder Olam Rabbah, place construction in 832 BCE and destruction in 422 BCE (3338 AM), 165 years later than secular estimates.[5]
The following is a summary of the history according to Book of Samuel and Book of Kings, with notes on the variations to this story in the later Book of Chronicles.
The Mishkan (dwelling place) of the god of Israel, was originally the portable shrine called the Ark of the Covenant, which was placed in the Tabernacle tent. King David, having unified all Israel, brought the Ark to his new capital, Jerusalem, intending to build there a temple in order to house the Ark in a permanent place. David purchased a threshing-floor for the site of the Temple (1 Chronicles 21–22), but then Yahweh told him that he would not be permitted to build a temple. The task of building therefore passed to David's son and successor, Solomon. 1 Kings 6:1–38, 1 Kings Chapter 7, and Chapter 8 describe the construction and dedication of the Temple under Solomon.
King Solomon requested the aid of King Hiram of Tyre to provide both the quality materials and skilled craftsmen. During the construction, a special inner room, named in Hebrew Kodesh Hakodashim (Holy of Holies), was prepared to receive and house the Ark of the Covenant (1 Kings 6:19); and when the Temple was dedicated, the Ark—containing the Tablets of Stone—was placed therein (1 Kings 8:6–9).
The exact location of the First Temple is unknown: it is believed to have been situated upon the hill which forms the site of the 1st century Second Temple and present-day Temple Mount, where the Dome of the Rock is situated. However, two other, slightly different sites have been proposed on this same hill: one places the stone altar at the location of the rock which is now beneath the gilded dome, with the rest of the temple to the west. The Well of Souls was, according to this theory, a pit for the remnants of the blood services of the korbanot. The other theory places the Holy of Holies atop this rock. Still another location has recently been proposed between the Dome of the Rock and the gilded dome, based on orientation to the eastern wall, drainage channels, orientation of the platform stones, and the location of a possible Boaz pillar base.[6]
2 Chronicles 12:9, and 1 Kings 14:26 describe the Sack of Jerusalem by the Pharaoh Shishaq, who "took away the treasures of the house of the LORD, and the treasures of the king's house."
2 Kings 12:4–16 describes arrangements for the refurbishment of the Temple in the time of king Jehoash of Judah in the 9th century BCE. According to 2 Kings 14:14 the Temple was looted by Jehoash of Israel in the early 8th century and again by King Ahaz in the late 8th century (2 Kings 16:8). Ahaz also installed some cultic innovations in the Temple which were abhorrent to the author of 1–2 Kings (2 Kings 16:10–18).
The Temple also figures in the account of King Hezekiah, who turned Judah away from idols;[7] when later in the same century Hezekiah is confronted with a siege by the Assyrian king Sennacherib (2 Kings 18:23, 19:1 and the Taylor prism), Hezekiah "instead of plundering the temple treasuries... now uses the temple the way it is designed to be used — as a house of prayer (2 Kings 19:1–14).[8]
Hezekiah's son, however, is much different from his father and during the reign of Manasseh of Judah in the early and middle seventh century (2 Kings 21:4–9), Manasseh makes innovations to the Temple cult. He has been described as a Solomon who also fell into idolatry, and Manasseh is described as a king who "makes" (2 Kings 21:3–7) or "builds" (2 Kings 21:3) high places (cf. 1 Kings 11:7) (see Deuteronomy 12 for the prohibition against high place worship), yet while Solomon's idolatry was punished by a divided kingdom, Manessah's idolatry was punished by exile.[9]
King Josiah, the grandson of Manasseh, refurbished and made changes to the Temple by removing idolatrous vessels and destroying the idolatrous priesthood c. 621 BCE (2 Kings 22:3–9; 23:11–12). He also suppressed worship at altars other than the Temple's.
The Temple was plundered by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar when the Babylonians attacked Jerusalem during the brief reign of Jehoiachin c. 598 (2 Kings 24:13), Josiah's grandson. A decade later, Nebuchadnezzar again besieged Jerusalem and after 30 months finally breached the city walls in 587 BCE, subsequently burning the Temple, along with most of the city (2 Kings 25). According to Jewish tradition, the Temple was destroyed on Tisha B'Av, the 9th day of Av (Hebrew calendar).
[edit] Architectural description
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A sketch of Solomon's Temple based on descriptions in the Tanakh
Several temples in Mesopotamia, many in Egypt, and some of the Phoenicians are now known. The description given of Solomon's Temple is not a copy of any of these, but embodied features recognisable in all of them. Its general form is reminiscent of Egyptian sanctuaries and closely matches that of other ancient temples in the region, however the complexity of inner chambers and unique functions does distinguish the temple strongly.[10][11][12]
The detailed descriptions provided in the Tanakh and educated guesses based on the remains of other temples in the region are the sources for reconstructions of its appearance. Technical details are lacking, since the scribes who wrote the books were not architects or engineers.[11] Nevertheless, the recorded plans and measurements have inspired Replicas of the Jewish Temple and influenced later structures around the world.
Reconstructions differ; the following is largely based on Easton's Bible Dictionary and the Jewish Encyclopedia:
[edit] Most Holy Place
The Kodesh Hakodashim, or Holy of Holies, (1 Kings 6:19; 8:6), also called the "Inner House" (6:27), (Heb. 9:3) was 20 cubits in length, breadth, and height. The usual explanation for the discrepancy between its height and the 30-cubit height of the temple is that its floor was elevated, like the cella of other ancient temples.[11] It was floored and wainscotted with cedar of Lebanon (1 Kings 6:16), and its walls and floor were overlaid with gold (6:20, 21, 30). It contained two cherubim of olive-wood, each 10 cubits high (1 Kings 6:16, 20, 21, 23–28) and each having outspread wings of 10 cubits span, so that, since they stood side by side, the wings touched the wall on either side and met in the center of the room. There was a two-leaved door between it and the Holy Place overlaid with gold (2 Chr. 4:22); also a veil of tekhelet (blue), purple, and crimson and fine linen (2 Chr. 3:14; compare Exodus 26:33). It had no windows (1 Kings 8:12) and was considered the dwelling-place of the "name" of God.
The color scheme of the veil was symbolic. Blue represented the heavens, while red or crimson represented the earth. Purple, a combination of the two colors, represents a meeting of the heavens and the earth.
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View of the House with ceiling removed. This image is a rendering of a 3-D computer model.
[edit] Holy Place
The Hekhal, or Holy Place, (1 Kings 8:8–10), called also the "greater house" (2 Chr. 3:5) and the "temple" (1 Kings 6:17); the word also means "palace",[11] was of the same width and height as the Holy of Holies, but 40 cubits in length. Its walls were lined with cedar, on which were carved figures of cherubim, palm-trees, and open flowers, which were overlaid with gold. Chains of gold further marked it off from the Holy of Holies. The floor of the Temple was of fir-wood overlaid with gold. The door-posts, of olive-wood, supported folding-doors of fir. The doors of the Holy of Holies were of olive-wood. On both sets of doors were carved cherubim, palm-trees, and flowers, all being overlaid with gold (1 Kings 6:15 et seq.)
[edit] Porch
The Ulam, or porch, acted as an entrance before the Temple on the east (1 Kings 6:3; 2 Chr. 3:4; 9:7). This was 20 cubits long (corresponding to the width of the Temple) and 10 cubits deep (1 Kings 6:3). 2 Chr. 3:4 adds the curious statement (probably corrupted from the statement of the depth of the porch) that this porch was 120 cubits high, which would make it a regular tower. The description does not specify whether a wall separated it from the next chamber. In the porch stood the two pillars Jachin and Boaz (1 Kings 7:21; 2 Kings 11:14; 23:3), which were 18 cubits in height.
[edit] Boaz and Jachin
Two brass pillars named Boaz and Jachin stood in the porch of the Temple. (1 Kings 7:15; 7:21; 2 Kings 11:14; 23:3). Boaz stood on the left (the north) and Jachin on the right (the south). The Bible records their measurements as 27 feet (8.2 m) high and 6 feet (1.8 m) wide (18 by 12 cubits) with a hollow of 4 fingers thick. (Jeremiah 52:21–22). Their 8-foot (2.4 m) high brass capitals were each decorated with rows of 200 carved brass pomegranates, wreathed with seven chains and topped with lilies. (1 Kings 7:13–22, 41–42; 2 Chronicles 4:13) According to most translations of 1 Kings 7:13–22, these two pillars were cast of brass, though some believe the original Hebrew word used to describe their material, "nehosheth", is actually either bronze or copper, because the Hebrews were unfamiliar with zinc which, along with copper, is required to create brass.[13][14]
The two pillars had their parallel not only at Tyre but at Byblus, Paphos, and Telloh (see, however, De Sarzec, "Découvertes en Chaldée," pp. 62–64). In Egypt the obelisks expressed the same idea. Those were phallic emblems, being survivals of the primitive Hamito-Semitic "maẓẓebah". Jachin and Boaz were really isolated columns, as Schick has shown, and not, as some have supposed, a part of the ornamentation of the building. Their tops were crowned with ornamentation as if they were lamps; and W. R. Smith supposed that they may have been used as fire-altars. This assumes that they contained cressets for burning the fat.[10]
In the absence of external sources. examination of the biblical text produces several views which are not mutually exclusive. Firstly, the Hebrew word translated as ‘pillars’ in the temple is used for structural columns elsewhere in the Old Testament (e.g. Exodus 27, Judges 16 v25). There is another word translated either as ‘pillar’ or ‘idol’ whenever some covenant or submission is implied, which would apply to a phallic pillar; this word is not used for Jachin and Boaz (see e.g.Genesis 31 v13, Exodus 23 v24, Deuteronomy 12 v3, 2 Samuel 18 v18, etc.). After Moses, this type of pillar/idol becomes unacceptable within the religion. The bible text therefore calls for other explanations than the archaeologists’ phallic pillar suggestion.
The South-North alignment ascribed to Jachin and Boaz allows the following practical astronomical observations without further equipment, assuming only that they were open to the sky at midday..
1. When the shadow of Jachin aligns with Boaz it marks midday: so it might be used to divides the morning and afternoon temple rituals. 2. The last rays of the sun on the tips of the Pillars mark sunset and the end of the day. Dawn is shown similarly. Both have ritual relevance as well as being visible widely in the city. 3. The longest/highest noon shadow of Jachin onto Boaz marks the day of the winter solstice. From this the days to the vernal equinox may be counted in a standardised form, e.g. perhaps thirteen sevens plus a day – analogous to the count of Pentecost ( ). This fixes the earliest possible date for 1st Abib and the start of the new religious year. It allows an intercalary month to be accurately predicted in most cases without knowledge of the metonic cycle. 4. At midnight on the night beginning 15th Abib the shadow of Jachin cast by the Passover Moon aligns with Boaz. This marks the moment when the Destroyer liberated the people from slavery in Egypt, founding the nation (Exodus 12 v29).
In a fledgling state in process of establishing a formal administration these key observations made centrally could be of practical, administrative and ritual importance. Contrast the laxity of Judges 21 v25 with the detailed organisation initiated for the nation and temple throughout 1st Chronicles. Even if not planned, these phenomena at such significant times would have been hard to ignore in the heart of the Temple.
These observations are consistent with the Pentateuch’s attitude to astronomical objects (Genesis 1 v14) as defining days, years and seasons (or festivals). In this view, Jachin and Boaz are like church clocks and bells, telling the time to worship without being objects of worship themselves.
A further view just discernable in the text is that the columns represent the two main supports of the largely theocratic state, namely the priesthood and the king. Jachin was the name of the head of one of the families of priests (1 Chronicles 24 v14): Boaz was the name of King David’s great grandfather (1 Chronicles 2 v12). We find King Jehoash standing in front of ‘his pillar’ in the temple when he was crowned and anointed (2 Kings 11 v12-14, 2 Chronicles 23 v11-13). This was not a votive pillar/idol; but presumably Boaz.
This view fits neatly with history in that the bible reports them crushed when the nation was crushed and taken into exile ( 2 Kings 25 v13 ). When the Jews returned and the temple was rebuilt Jachin and Boaz were not rebuilt. They had not been in Moses tabernacle, they were not in Ezekiel’s vision for a future temple nor in the Christian vision of heaven in Revelation. Their time and usefulness was limited to the period of the Kings.
This view makes the columns of no current relevance other than historical or fictional, according to personal beliefs and pending any independent proofs.
[edit] Chambers
Chambers were built about the Temple on the southern, western and northern sides (1 Kings 6:5–10). These formed a part of the building and were used for storage. They were probably one story high at first; two more may have been added later.[11]
[edit] Courts
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Exterior view of the entire Temple complex as depicted in a 3-D computer model
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Closer view of the Inner Court and House as depicted in a 3-D computer model
According to the Bible, two courts surrounded the Temple. The Inner Court (1 Kings 6:36), or Court of the Priests (2 Chr. 4:9), was separated from the space beyond by a wall of three courses of hewn stone, surmounted by cedar beams (1 Kings 6:36). It contained the Altar of burnt-offering (2 Chr. 15:8), the Brazen Sea laver (4:2–5, 10) and ten other lavers (1 Kings 7:38, 39). A brazen altar stood before the Temple (2 Kings 16:14), its dimensions 20 cubits square and 10 cubits high (2 Chr. 4:1). The Great Court surrounded the whole Temple (2 Chr. 4:9). It was here that people assembled to worship. (Jeremiah 19:14; 26:2).
[edit] Brazen Sea
Main article: Brazen Sea
The large basin known as the "Brazen Sea" measured 10 cubits wide brim to brim, 5 cubits deep and with a circumference of 30 cubits around the brim, rested on the backs of twelve oxen (1 Kings 7:23–26). The Book of Kings gives its capacity as "2,000 baths" (90 cubic meters[citation needed]), but Chronicles (2 Chr. 4:5–6) inflates this to three thousand baths (136 cubic meters) and states that its purpose was to afford opportunity for the purification by immersion of the body of the priests.
The lavers, each of which held "forty baths" (1 Kings 7:38), rested on portable holders made of bronze, provided with wheels, and ornamented with figures of lions, cherubim, and palm-trees. The author of the books of the Kings describes their minute details with great interest (1 Kings 7:27–37). Josephus reported that the vessels in the Temple were composed of Orichalcum in Antiquities of the Jews. According to 1 Kings 7:48 there stood before the Holy of Holies a golden altar of incense and a table for showbread. This table was of gold, as were also the five candlesticks on each side of it. The implements for the care of the candles—tongs, basins, snuffers, and fire-pans—were of gold; and so were the hinges of the doors.
Archaeology
Because of the religious and political sensitivities involved, no archaeological excavations and only limited surface surveys of the Temple Mount have been conducted.[15][16] There is no direct archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon's Temple. This building is not mentioned in extra-biblical accounts which have survived.[17]
•In 2007, artifacts dating to the 8th to 6th centuries BCE were described as being possibly the first physical evidence of human activity at the Temple Mount during the First Temple period. The findings included animal bones; ceramic bowl rims, bases, and body sherds; the base of a juglet used to pour oil; the handle of a small juglet; and the rim of a storage jar.[18][19]
•By 2006, the Temple Mount Antiquities Salvage Operation had recovered numerous artifacts dating from the 8th to 7th centuries BCE from soil removed in 1999 by the Islamic Religious Trust (Waqf) from the Solomon's Stables area of the Temple Mount. These include stone weights for weighing silver and a First Temple period bulla, or seal impression, containing ancient Hebrew writing which includes the name Netanyahu ben Yaush. Netanyahu is a name mentioned several times in the Book of Jeremiah while the name Yaush appears in the Lachish letters. However, the combination of names was unknown to scholars.[20][21]
•A thumb-sized ivory pomegranate measuring 44 millimetres (1.7 in) in height bearing an ancient Hebrew inscription "Sacred donation for the priests in the House of YHVH" was believed to have adorned a sceptre used by the high priest in Solomon's Temple. It was considered the most important item of biblical antiquities in the Israel Museum’s collection.[22] However, in 2004, the Israel Antiquities Authority reported the inscription to be a forgery, though the ivory pomegranate itself was dated to the 14th or 13th century BCE.[23] This was based on the report's claim that 3 incised letters in the inscription stopped short of an ancient break, as they would have if carved after the ancient break was made. Since then, it has been proven that one of the letters was indeed carved prior to the ancient break, and the status of the other two letters is now in question. Some paleographers and others have continued to insist that the inscription is ancient and the authenticity of this artifact is still the object of discussion.[24]
•A possible mention of the temple is in a Judean inscription of unknown provenance, probably dated to the 7th century BCE, that refers to the "House of Yahweh" and a king called Ashyahu.[25][1] The name of Ashyahu is known in other inscriptions, but not from the Bible and not as a king.[1] Stern notes that sanctuaries dedicated to Yahweh existed in other places and there is no certainty that this inscription refers to Jerusalem.[26]
•Another artifact, the so-called Jehoash Inscription contains a 15 line description of King Jehoash's ninth century BCE restoration of the Temple. Its authenticity was called into question by a report by the Israel Antiquities Authority, which claimed that the surface patina contained microfossils of foraminifera. As these fossils do not dissolve in water, they cannot occur in a calcium carbonate patina, leading investigators to conclude that the patina must be an artificial chemical mix applied to the stone by forgers. This finding has since been undermined by examination of the patina using more advanced techniques, as well as examination of a new break in the stone caused by handling since the original report was issued.[27]
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Isaac Newton's diagram of the Temple, 1728
•In the 6th century CE, the Temple was included on a list of seven wonders which included the Pharos of Alexandria and Noah's Ark, compiled by Gregory, Bishop of Tours.[28]
•Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727), the noted English scientist, mathematician and theologian, studied and wrote extensively upon the Temple of Solomon. He dedicated an entire chapter of The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms to his observations regarding the temple. Newton was intrigued by the temple's sacred geometry and believed that it was designed by King Solomon with privileged eyes and divine guidance.[2]
•First Temple-Era Reservoir Found in Jerusalem
•by LiveScience Staff
•Date: 07 September 2012 Time: 02:02 PM ET
•inShare0
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Ancient cistern found in Jerusalem
CREDIT: Vladimir Naykhin. IAA
View full size image
•Archaeologists have found an ancient water reservoir in Jerusalem that may have been used by pilgrims coming to the Temple Mount, the Israeli Antiquities Authority (IAA) announced.
•The IAA said the cistern could have held 66,000 gallons (250 cubic meters) of water; it likely dates back to the era of the First Temple, which, according to the Hebrew Bible, was constructed by King Solomon in the 10th century B.C. and then destroyed 400 years later.
•Israeli archaeologists believe the reservoir served the general public in the ancient city, but say its location hints at a role in the religious life of Jerusalem.[3]
827 B.C.
100_2184
100_2183[4]
814 B.C.: Jehu’s coup weakened the triple alliance of Israel, Judah and Tyre, a situation that the Arameans, a people in the vicinity of Damascus, tried to exploit. To protect himself from Atamean pressure on Israel’s northeastern border, Jehu turned to Assyria for help, paying to the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III (858–824 B.C.) a rich tribute recorded on the Black Obelisk. Jehu’s strategy proved temporarily successful, as the Assyrians embarked on a campaign against the Arameans, thus relieving the pressure on Israel from 841–838 B.C. But the Arameans soon recovered and conquered all of Israel’s territory to the east of the Jordan River, as far as the Arnon valley ( 2 Kings 10 :32.33). Jehu nevertheless continued to reign until 814 B.C.[5]
814 B.C.: Jehu’s son Jehoahaz became king of Israel in 814 B.C. 2 Kings 13: 1-3.[6]
814-800 B.C.: Jehoahaz, King of Northern Israel.[7]
813 B.C.: Sometime after Jehoahaz became king of Israel in 814 B.C., Hazael king of Aram (or his son Ben-Hadad) began his oppression of Israel. This may have begun in 813 B.C. 2 Kings 13: 22-23.[8]
806 B.C.: An inscription on a stela from Tell al Rimah in northern Iraq, erected in 806 B.C. by Assyrian king Adad-nirari III, informs us that Jehoahaz, king of Israel (814–798 B.C.), paid tribute to the Assyrian king: “He [Adad-nirari III of Assyria] received the tribute of Ia’asu the Samarian Uehoahaz, king of Israel], of the Tyrian (ruler) and the Sidonian (ruler).”[9]
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A thumb-sized ivory pomegranate
bearing a paleo-Hebrew inscription, probably from the First Temple in Jerusalem, 8th century BCE.
The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
[10]
• 800 B.C.: Tzadok, first Kohen Gadol of the First Temple, loyal to Kings David and Shlomo.[11]
From 800 B.C.
The final Bronze Age center of Hallstatt, so called after the cemetery found near Hallstatt in the Salzkammergut of Austria, and based on the Urnfield center, developed into the Early Iron Age. A prerequisite for this development was the multiple deposits of iron ore which made possible the development of iron production and industries. The second most important industry was salt-mining at Hallstatt itself and at Durnberg near Hallein. In these quickly developing economic centres an ever increasing social differentiation into peasants, craftsmen and traders took place, as work processes became more complex.[12]
May 7, 350: Gallus, who had been appointed “Caesar” of the East by his cousin, the Emperor Constantius II arrived in Antioch. Antioch was the capital of his domain which included Palestine. At the time of his arrival a revolt broke out among the Jews of Sepphoris, a town in Palestine and spread to the Galilee and Lydda. According to different sources, the revolt was led by Isaac who came from Sepphoris and a little known figure named Patricus. The revolt was not anti-Christian even though Constantius II had given the Church free reign in a campaign of persecution aimed at the Jews and other non-Christians. The revolt may have been aimed at the corrupt rule by Gallus. Or it may have been a last gasp effort by the Jews in Palestine to gain freedom from Rome. This was a period of great instability in the Empire and the Jewish leaders may have been encouraged by reports of Imperial defeats in the western part of the Empire. They also may have thought that the Persians, who were enemies of the Roman Empire, would come to their aid. The revolt lasted only a year and was put down by Uriscinnus, one of Gallus’ more seasoned commanders who probably defeated the Jewish forces at a battle near Acco. The Romans moved south laying waste to Tiberia, Sepphoris and Lydda, each of which was rebuilt after the fighting stopped. [Editors Note: Considering the fact that this revolt took place 280 years after the Great Revolt and 215 years after the Bar Kochba Revolt, it would seem to indicate that there was a sizeable Jewish population still living in Palestine, that the population was made up of a handful of scholars, that the Nasi did not control all aspects of Jewish life, that Jews make lousy subjects and that Jews do not seem to learn from their “mistakes.”][13]
May 7, 1205: Coronation of King Andrew II of Hungary. At first during his reign of King Andrew II appointed Jews to serve as Chamberlains and mint-, salt-, and tax-officials. The nobles of the country, however, induced the king, in his Golden Bull (1222), to deprive the Jews of these high offices. When Andrew needed money in 1226, he farmed the royal revenues to Jews. This led to an outcry from his Christian subjects. Pope Honorius III excommunicated him In 1233, he took an oath promising the papal ambassadors that he would enforce the decrees of the Golden Bull directed against the Jews and the Saracens. In addition to which he would enforce the new popes decrees that forced Jews to wear badges of identification and forbid them from buying or keeping Christian slaves.[14]
May 7, 1342: Pope Clement VI appointed (Pierre Roger Limoges - French Pope). [15]
May 7, 1355: Twelve hundred Jews of Toledo Spain were killed by Count Henry of Trastamara. The Jews were caught between the opposing forces in a fight between King Peter and Count Henry, his half-brother who sought the throne for himself. The events surrounding this dynastic quarrel marked the beginning of the decline of the Jewish community in Spain.[16]
1356: Master Josset (Jocetus) had practiced very successfully in Freiburg in Uchtland from 1356 until 1370 and received from the city a yearly fee as high as 10 lib. Lausanne currency. [17] 1356 GOLDEN BULL OF CHARLES IV (Germany) : Alienated all rights of Jews. This led to the common practice of expelling the Jews from one district and, due to financial considerations, accepting them in another. [18]1356: Hanseatic League officially founded.[19] 1356 ESTHERKA ( Poland) : Daughter of a Jewish tailor won over Casimir so completely that many of his pro Jewish enactments are said to be due to her. He installed her in a royal palace bear Cracow. She was said to have born him 2 sons and two daughters. The daughters raised as Jews and the sons as Christian. She was killed around 1370 by Casimir\'s successor, Louis of Hungary during his persecution of the Jews. [20] 1356 THE COUNCIL OF ARAGON COMMUNITIES (Spain) : Six years after the 1348 riots, community leaders met in order to formulate a united front in representing their case before the King and Pope. Due to the lack of a consensus on the makeup of the council and the fear of the local communities of losing their independence of action none of the resolutions were enacted.[21] Black Prince defeats French at Poitiers – John II and son Philip taken prisoners, Charles IV issues “Golden Bull” settling election of German kings, Switzerland quake kills 1000 est. 6.5, John Mandeville publishes fictional “Travels” describing the phoenix, vegetable lamb, gold-guarding griffins and gold-digging ants, Golden Bull – new constitution for HRE with seven electors, Edward the Black Prince son of Edward III defeats French at Potiers and captures King John, John marched south and meets Black Prince (Edward of Wales), Renaissance unofficially begins, Black Prince defeats French, Charles IV issuses Golden Bull ending papal role in imperial elections, King John of France fights Black Prince Edward, English win and take John the Good and son prisoner. [22]
1357: Joan’s burial place has been the cause of some interest and debate. She is interred in the Augustinian priory at Clare, which had been founded by her first husband's ancestors and where many of them were also buried. Allegedly, in 1357, Joan’s daughter, Elizabeth De Burgh, claimed to have “inspected her mother's body and found the corpse to be intact,”,[32][23] which in the eyes of the Roman Catholic Church is an indication of sanctity. This claim was only recorded in a fifteenth-century chronicle, however, and its details are uncertain, especially the statement that her corpse was in such a state of preservation that "when her paps (breasts) were pressed with hands, they rose up again." Some sources further claim that miracles took place at Joan's tomb,[32][24] but no cause for her beatification or canonization has ever been introduced.[25] David II of Scotland released from English prison, Revolution in Paris against the Dauphin, led by Marcel and Robert le Coq, Hugo von Montfort the German poet from Styria born, French Estates-General led by merchant Etienne Marcel attempts reforms, David II released, returns to Scotland with huge ransom (King's ransom?). [26]
1358: Jacquerie Revolt – peasant uprising in north of Paris, death of French scholar Jean Buridan, The Hapsburgs – twice defeated at Zurich – sign peace treaty with Swiss league, Poet Giovanni Boccacio of Italy publishes decameron The Jacquerie revolt by French peseants/ suppressed by regent Charles – son of John II, French peasant revolt -Jacquerie, Jacquerie rebellion in N Paris France, French peasant revolt. [27]
May 7, 1562: Elizabeth compiles 14 articles against Lord and Lady Lennox ( May 7, 1562), arrests and imprisons Lord Lennox. [28]
May 7 & 8, 1712
1712
Lease and Release. May 7 and 8, 1712. Richard Long of St. Marys Par. Essex Co., sells Thomas and John Powell of same Par. and Co., 316 acres, Long's part of 1149 acres in Essex Co., granted to said Long, Andrew1 Harrison Sen'r and Samuel Elliot. Signed Richard Long, his mark. Wit: Geo Loyde, A Somervell, Salvatore Muscoe. Rec. May 8, 1712. [29]
May 7, 1727: Two years after the death of Peter Great, Jews were expelled from Ukraine by his widow, Empress Catherine I of Russia. Catherine was merely following the wishes of her late husband who had stated that he did not want any Jews living in Russia. Daniil Pavlovich Apostol, the Hetman of the Cossacks, “was the first one to apply to the senate to modify the harsh law.” Eighty years ago, the Cossacks had driven the Jews from their lands. Since then, they had found out “that they could not get along very well without Jewish merchants” because they were indispensable when it came to facilitating commerce between the Ukraine and the Polish and Lithuanian provinces..[30]
May 7, 1756: Death of the old chief was thus noticed in the journals of the time: “May 7, 1756. Died at his house of Kilmorie, in the Isle of Skye, John MacKinnon of that ilk, i.e. the old Laird of MacKinnon, in 75th year of his age, leaving issue two sons and a daughter, all born after 71st year of his age.”
For the remainder of the century, few events in connection with the family are chronicled; the little property left to them in Skye was purchased in 1765 by the Trustees of the great and good Sir James MacDonald then a minor, from the Trustees of MacKinnon of MacKinnon when a minor also.[31]
Valentine Crawford to George Washington
Wednesday May 7, 1760: . After taking the Doctrs. Direction’s in regard to my People I set out for my Quarters and got there abt. 12 O’clock—time enough to go over them and find every thing in the utmost confusion, disorder, & backwardness my Overseer lying upon his Back of a broken Leg, and not half a Crop especially of Corn Ground prepared.
Engaged. Vale. Crawford to go in pursuit of a Nurse to be ready in case more of my People shd. be seized with the same disorder.
Valentine Crawford (d. 1777) lived near GW’s Bullskin plantation in Frederick County and was regularly hired to bring down GW’s mountain tobacco from those quarters.
JACOB’S CREEK, May 7, 1774.
DEAR SIR :—I am sorry to inform you the Indians have stopped all the gentlemen from going down the river. In the first place, they killed one Murphy, a trader, and wounded another; then robbed their canoes.[32] This alarmed the gentlemen very much; and Major Cresap took a party of men and waylaid some Indians in their canoes, that were going down the river, and shot two of them and scalped them. He also raised a party, took canoes and followed some Indians from Wheeling down to the Little Kanawba; when, coming up with them, he killed three and wounded several. The Indians wounded three of his men, only one of whom is dead; he was shot through, while the other two were but slightly wounded. On Saturday last, about 12 o’clock, one Greathouse, and about twenty men, fell on a party of Indians at the mouth of Yellow creek, and killed ten of them. They brought away one child a prisoner, which is now at my brother William Crawford’s.[33] These circumstances have put it out of my power to execute your business. I, therefore, came to a resolution to send my son down to you to let you know of this disagreeable disappointment, and to learn what I must do with your carpenters, servants, and goods. This alarm has caused the people to move from over the Monongahela, off Chartier’s and Raccoon [creeks], as fast as ever you saw them in the year 1756 or 1757, down in Frederick county, Virginia. There were more than one thousand people crossed the Monongahela in one day at three ferries that are not one mile apart.
Mr. Simpson seems much frightened at this alarm; but I went to him the day after I got home to Jacob’s creek, and offered him all the servants and some of the carpenters. As we were obliged to make our own canoes, some of the carpenters I had to retain to work on them. Just as I had got all our canoes and our provisions and everything ready to start, we were stopped by the alarms as above. I have stored all your goods and tools safely; and if the Indians should come to a pause, I am ready to start at the shortest warning.
Your servants are all in very good health, and if you should incline selling them, I believe 1 could sell them for cash out here to different people. My brother, William Crawford, wants two of them, and I would take two myself; or,if this disturbance should be settled, I could push down the river immediately and could do a great deal this fall. In the meantime, your men might build some houses at your Bottom or at the Great Meadows; or, as I mentioned, the carpenters would be willing to be discharged if you would be willing to employ them again as soon as this difficulty is over. Pray give me full particulars how to act in this troublesome affair. I am, etc.[34]
Note: The Massacre of Logan’s family and people at Yellow Creek by Daniel Greathouse, and the party of thirty-two borderers he had collected for the purpose, occurred on April 30, 1774.[35]
May 7, 1763: Ottawa Indians led by Chief[36] Pontiac attack the fort at Detroit.[37]
May 7, 1793: Vol. 1 No. 99. Wm. & Joh. McCormick, 173 a. Fayette Co. Kentucky R. April 14, 1791. Bk. 1 p. 62. Cavieated May 7, 1793.[38]
May 7, 1800: Congress divides the Northwest Territory into two parts. The western part will becomes the Indiana Territory and the eastern section remains the Northwest Territory.[39]
May 7, 1813: The artillery resumed fire on May 7, but most of the Indians had abandoned the army and the Canadian militia were anxious to get back to their farms. The bombardment had little effect, and the garrison of the fort now outnumbered the besiegers. [40]
May 7, 1862: Battle of Eitham’s Landing, VA.[41]
May 7-10, 1863: Next day the troops were reviewed by Gen. Grant in person. A few more rations were issued while at this point, the last we were to receive until after the capture of Haines' Bluff. We remained here until the 10th, foraging as usual, and saving rations for a march by this means. [42]
Sat. May 7[43], 1864
Started out again at am found the enemy a mile
Skirmished and drove them 6 m
Killed a major came back 3 m and camped
After night was a picet until after dark[44]
May 7, 1903
(Jordon’s Grove) Lola Launton is working at Willis Goodlove’s.[45]
On May 7, 1917: the British-owned ocean liner Lusitania was torpedoed without warning just off the coast of Ireland. Of the nearly 2,000 passengers aboard, 1,201 were killed, including 128 Americans. The German government maintained, correctly, that the Lusitania was carrying munitions, but the U.S. demanded reparations and an end to German attacks on unarmed passenger and merchant ships. In August, Germany pledged to see to the safety of passengers before sinking unarmed vessels, but in November a U-boat sank an Italian liner without warning, killing 272 people, including 27 Americans. With these attacks, public opinion in the United States began to turn irrevocably against Germany. [46]
May 7, 1942: In the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Allies sink over 100,000 tons of Japanese shipping.[47]
For Enterprise, the Battle of Midway began in May 1942, with a crucial bit of deception in the South Pacific. In early May, Task Force 16 - centered around Enterprise and Hornet CV-8 - had raced southwest, in an attempt to join Lexington CV-2 and Yorktown CV-5 (under Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher) and deflect the expected Japanese move on Port Moresby, near the southeast tip of New Guinea. Japan's attempt to capture the port precipitated the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 7-8 1942), which ended the day before TF-16's arrival. Coral Sea was a narrow strategic victory for the United States. Repelled from Port Moresby, Japan also lost light carrier Shoho, while fleet carrier Shokaku was badly damaged and Zuikaku's air group was effectively destroyed. US Navy losses included Lexington, while Yorktown sustained heavy damage.
Coral Sea was the only major carrier battle of the war that Enterprise missed. Arriving a day too late, she and Hornet were sent north, to defend phosphorous-rich Ocean and Nauru islands. The cruise north, however, was cut short by two seemingly contradictory messages from Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet. The first message originated with Admiral Ernest King, Chief of Naval Operations, who "advised" TF-16's Commander, Vice Admiral William F. Halsey, not to operate in range of enemy land-based planes, and beyond the range of friendly airfields, "unless especially favorable results" would result. The second order came from Nimitz himself: Halsey should let TF-16 be observed by enemy search planes ... but remain out of reach of attack planes. [48]
May 7, 1943: An Aktion takes place in Novogrudok, after which only 233 Jews of the original 7,000 remain alive. Three weeks later, 100 of the remaining Jews successfully escape and join partisan units.[49]
May 7, 1945: German General Jodl signs the unconditional surrender of Germany at General Eisenhower’s headquarters in Reims, France.[50]
May 7, 1951 – May 7, 1980
William Louis Goodlove
•
Birth:
May 7, 1951
Death:
May 7, 1980
http://www.findagrave.com/icons2/trans.gif
Burial:
Peoria Memorial Park
Browns Valley
Yuba County
California, USA
Created by: Vicalina
Record added: Aug 02, 2009
Find A Grave Memorial# 40193185
William Louis Goodlove
Added by: Vicalina
William Louis Goodlove
Cemetery Photo
Added by: John Winning
[51]
May 7, 1953- April 13, 2001
Dennis James Goodlove
Birth:
May 7, 1953
Death:
Apr. 13, 2001
http://www.findagrave.com/icons2/trans.gif
Inscription:
BROTHER
Burial:
West Lawn Memorial Gardens
Topeka
Shawnee County
Kansas, USA
Plot: Garden of The Christus
Created by: Janice Dean LeMaster
Record added: Jul 20, 2009
Find A Grave Memorial# 39681920
Dennis James Goodlove
Added by: Janice Dean LeMaster
Dennis James Goodlove
Cemetery Photo
Added by: Nancy
[52]
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon's_Temple
[3] http://www.livescience.com/23021-first-temple-era-reservoir-found-in-jerusalem.html
[4] The Oriental Institute, Museum, Photo by Jeff Goodlove, January 2, 2011
[5] Editor, H. S. (2002;2002). BAR 17:01 (Jan/Feb 1991). Biblical Archaeology Society.
[6] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 756.
[7] Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land by Clarence H. Wagner, Jr.
[8] The One Year Chronology Bible, NIV, page 756.
[9]
Editor, H. S. (2002;2002). BAR 17:01 (Jan/Feb 1991). Biblical Archaeology Society.
[10] According to the history channel, the writing on the artifact is not ancient. JG. 4/6/2007 http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts%20About%20Israel/History/HISTORY-%20Biblical%20Times
[11] www.cohen-levi.org
[12] [12] The Anchor Atlas of World History Vol. 1, From the Stone Age to the Eve of the French Revolution, 1974, pg. 21.
[13] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[14] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[15] mike@abcomputers.com
[16] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[17] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 2-3.
[18] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=1350&endyear=1359
[19] http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/germany.htm
[20] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=1350&endyear=1359
[21] http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/history.php?startyear=1350&endyear=1359
[22] mike@abcomputers.com
[23] Higginbotham (2009), p.4
[24] Higginbotham (2009), p.4
[25] Wikipedia
[26] mike@abcomputers.com
[27] mike@abcomputers.com
[28] http://www.archontology.org/nations/uk/scotland/stuart1/darnley.php
[29] [Beverley Fleet, Virginia Colonial Abstracts, The Original 34 Volumes Reprinted in 3, (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1988) 2: 10.] Chronological Listing of Events In the Lives of Andrew Harrison, Sr. of Essex County, Virginia, Andrew Harrison, Jr. of Essex and Orange Counties, Virginia, Lawrence Harrison, Sr. of Virginia and Pennsylvania Compiled from Secondary Sources Covering the time period of 1640 through 1772 by Daniel Robert Harrison, Milford, Ohio, November, 1998.
[30] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[31] Clan MacKinnon compiled by Alan McNie, 1986, page 29.
[32] For ten years immediately following Pontiac’s war, there was peace upon the Western border; but it was a nominal one; for, during the whole time from 1764 to 1774, murders were frequent—committed sometimes by the savages, and at other times by the whites. Neither side was prepared by a continuous forbearance to avoid a conflict which, sooner or later, wonld be surely brought on between them. “The surveyors that went down the Kanawha,” wrote William Crawford, two days after the above letter was written by his brother Valentine, “as report goes, were stopped by the Shawanese Indians.” This, as he understood it, was the first act in the bloody drama of 1774. But Valentine Crawford had quite another report to give of the “beginning of the end:” “In the first place, they [the Indians] killed one Murphy, a trader, and wounded another; then robbed their canoes.” Doubtless, among the Indians, the first overt act was charged up to the Long Knives. It is certain there were aggressions on both sides.
[33] The exact date of this exploit of Greathouse and party, usually known as the “Yellow creek massacre,” so long a matter of uncertainty, is fixed by the above, beyond a peradventure—saturday April 30, 1774. The Mingo, Logan’s brother, known as John Petty, his mother and sister—the latter the mother of the child, then only two months old—were all slain. The child-prisoner being Logan’s niece, it follows that his relatives were not all killed.
[34] The Washington-Crawford Letters, by C. W. Butterfield
[35] Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers. Published by the Society of the Colonial Daes of America. Edited by Stanislaus murray Haamilton. Vol. 04
[36] Chief. Among the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) a chief could not be succeeded by his son—but could be by his brother or a nephew. A war chief was not necessarily included in a tribal council. Although the several tribes had different criteria for a brave being promoted to war chief, a standard progression might be participating in three or more battles with a hostile force where the individual demonstrated ferocity through killing a number of enemy (scalping) and satisfying a requirement of leading his fellow warriors into combat and bringing them all back alive. Commonly, a chief would be thirty years old or older.
A novice settler would often be surprised in meeting a tribal chief and finding him clad in garments no better than the poorest in the group. Living in the manner of the poorest was perhaps a psychological restraint on the ego of those chosen to lead.
Europeans negotiating with Indian chiefs were often frustrated when at the end of the conference the chief might agree, but then add a comment, such as, “I will return to my people and attempt to persuade them.” This need to “persuade” reflected the limited power actually wielded by a chief. The modern-day “take me to your leader” admonition took on special meaning when the European settler was searching for the “one-man” who could make a binding agreement. The secretary of the Penn Proprietary, James Logan, solved the problem by recognizing the Iroquois as the “one-man” who could make an agreement. In the long run his shutting-out of the Delaware and Shawnee caused incalculable chaos.
When a European military officer would talk to an Indian chief and tell him that ”hatcheting” and scalping of prisoners was not to be tolerated, the chief might reply, “I agree with my brother. It will not be done. Except, if one of my braves is killed in the fight—then we cannot agree.” The point being, the chief could not make an agreement and guarantee his braves would hold to it.
When taking military ranks the Indians limited themselves to no more than the rank of "captain." The Delawares at one place or another were led by “Captain Jacobs,” “Captain Bull,” and “Captain Pipe.” The reasoning behind this is unclear but could be that they understood the rank of “Captain” was the highest designated officer to normally lead troops directly in the field.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/cadtocle.htm
[37] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[38] Index for Old Kentucky Surveys and Grants in Old State House, Fkt. KY. (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett Page 454.50)
[39] The chronology of Xenia and Greene County Ohio. http://fussichen.com/oftheday/otdx.htm
[40] Antal, Sandy (1997). A Wampum Denied: Proctor's War of 1812. Carleton University Press. ISBN 0-87013-443-4.
Berton, Pierre (2001). Flames Across the Border. Anchor Canada. ISBN 978-0385658386.
Elting, John R. (1995). Amateurs to Arms: A military history of the War of 1812. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80653-3.
Hitsman, J. Mackay; Donald E. Graves (1999). The Incredible War of 1812. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio. ISBN 1-896941-13-3.
•Latimer, Jon (2007). 1812: War with America''. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-67402-584-9.
[41] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012
[42] http://www.mobile96.com/cw1/Vicksburg/TFA/24Iowa-1.html
[43] May 7, 1864 Bayou La Mourie, LA?
U.S.A. 10 Killed, 31 Wounded
C.S.A. Casualties not Reported
(Civil War Battles of 1864;) http://users.aol/dlharvey/1864bat.htm
“The U.S. Civil War Out West” The History Channel.
[44] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[45] Winton Goodlove papers.
[46] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/us-enters-world-war-i
[47] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1771.
[48] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[49] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1776
[50] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[51] http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Goodlove&GSbyrel=in&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&GSsr=41&GRid=40193185&
[52][52] http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=Goodlove&GSbyrel=in&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&GRid=39681920&
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