10,474 names…10,474 stories…10,474 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, May 28
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy
May 28, 1265: Edward I remained in captivity until March, and even after his release he was kept under strict surveillance.[31] Then, on May 28, he managed to escape his custodians and joined up with the Earl of Gloucester, who had recently defected to the king's side.[32] Montfort's support was now dwindling, and Edward retook Worcester and Gloucester with relatively little effort.[33] Meanwhile, Montfort had made an alliance with Llywelyn and started moving east to join forces with his son Simon. Edward managed to make a surprise attack at Kenilworth Castle, where the younger Montfort was quartered, before moving on to cut off the earl of Leicester.[34] The two forces then met at the second great encounter of the Barons' War—the Battle of Evesham.[1]
May 28, 1349: Sixty Jews were murdered in Breslau, Silesia in riots which followed a disastrous fire which had destroyed part of the city.[2]
May 28, 1368: Issue of Henry III and Philippa of Hainault
Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
November 29, 1338
October 7, 1368
Married (1) Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster in 1352; Had issue. Married (2) Violante Visconti on May 28, 1368; No issue.
[3]
May 28th, 1521 - Pope Leo X signs treaty with Holy Roman Emperor Charles V[4]
Pope Leo X
May 28, 1524: Birthdate of Selim II, the Ottoman Sultan who named Joseph Nassi as Duke of Naxos. Nassi negotiated the treaty signed by Selim and Charles IX of France. Selim settled several hundred of Jewish families on the Cyprus after the Ottomans took control of the island. He saw the Jews as being loyal subjects who had the necessary business skills to develop this newly acquired possession.[5]
May 28, 1533
Henry VIII appoints a new Archbiship of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, a friend of the Boyleyn family, whom he instructed to declare his marriage to Catherine void on the grounds that it had been illegal in the first place. Cranmer obliged and on May 28, 1533, Anne was crowned Queen of England.[6] Upon returning to Dover from a meeting with King Francis I of France in Calais, Henry married Anne Boleyn in a secret ceremony.[51] Some sources speculate that Anne was already pregnant at the time, but others testify that Anne (who had seen her sister Mary Boleyn taken up as the king's mistress and summarily cast aside) refused to sleep with Henry until they were married. Henry defended the legality of their union by pointing out that Catherine had previously been married. If she and Arthur had consummated their marriage, Henry by canon law had the right to remarry.[52]On May 23, 1533, Cranmer, sitting in judgment at a special court convened at Dunstable Priory to rule on the validity of Henry's marriage to Catherine, declared the marriage illegal, even though Catherine testified she and Arthur had never had physical relations. Cranmer ruled Henry and Anne's marriage valid five days later, on May 28, 1533.[53]
Until the end of her life, Catherine would refer to herself as Henry's only lawful wedded wife and England's only rightful queen, and her servants continued to address her by that title. However, Henry refused her the right to any title but "Dowager Princess of Wales" in recognition of her position as his brother's widow.[51][7]
May 28, 1588: The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, sets sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel. The Armada has a two-fold purpose – the defeat of the Dutch and the conquest of England. A Spanish victory would doom the Jews who had taken refuge in Holland. The critical question for the English was when the Armada was leaving and when it was to reach the Channel. Marranos or Conversos reportedly supplied this desperately needed information which helped secure the ultimate English victory.[8]
A
Credit: Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, painted 1796.
A "Protestant Wind" Destroys the Spanish Armada
The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 has been called one of the most decisive battles in Western civilization. Philip II of Spain sailed on the Protestant England of his sister-in-law Elizabeth I, but the wind did not cooperate with his ambitions. [9]
May 28, 1677
Treaty of 1677
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Treaty_of_1677.jpg/200px-Treaty_of_1677.jpg
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Title page of the Treaty of 1677.
The Treaty of 1677 (or the Treaty Between Virginia And The Indians 1677 or Treaty of Middle Plantation) was signed in Virginia on May 28, 1677 between Charles II of England and representatives from various Virginia Native American tribes. Based on the terms of the accord, the Virginia Indians[1] were to swear fealty to the British Empire. Moreover, the Indians were permitted to maintain their territories and fishing rights. The twenty-one articles of the treaty were confirmed when England sent gifts to the chiefs along with various badges of authority. The Queen of Pamunkey, as Cockacoeske was known to the English,[2] received a red velvet cap which was fastened with a silver frontlet and silver chains.[3][10]
1678: Forced mass conversion in Yemen.[11]
1678 and 1688
Donald, the chief’s second son, at that time an infant, after the Restoration and between the years of 1678 and 1688, emigrated to Antigua, where, by a common corruption, he was called Daniel, and having perhaps received grants of lands from Charles II, amongst which were the estates of Dropes, Golden Grove, Dickenson’s Bay, and MacKinnon’s, all in the neighborhood of St. John’s, the capital of the island, he married Alice, daughter of William Thomas, Lieutenant-Governor of Antigua, whose nephew, Sir George Thomas, created a baronet, was Governor of the Leeward Islands. Historical accounts of the island describe Donald as Dr. Daniel MacKinnon and founder of the MacKinnon family in Antigua.[12]
Treaty of Casco (1678)
Treaty of Casco (1725) brought to a close the war between the eastern Indians and the English settlers of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Moreover, it sought to re-establish the friendly relations between the Indians and settlers that had characterized the northern settlements previous to the outbreak of King Philip's War in 1675. Based on the terms of the accord, all captives were to be surrendered without ransom. The treaty also stipulated that the English should give the Indians one peck of corn annually for each family settled on Indian lands, with the exception of Maj. Phillips of Saco, a great proprietor, who was required to give a bushel each Native American family.
The MA Bay Colony (official name of government changed several times) at the time of the death of King Philip and his appointed leaders of the Pokanoket Tribe/Pokanoket Federation, did issue a government decree that any person 14 years of age or over who stated they were Pokanoket were subject to being executed. The Pokanokets were scattered to the four winds, many executed, endentured and the survivors had to secretly exist and could only use the name of Wampanoag which included dozens of tribes is general terms. Some original Pokanokets fled North to continue their fight against the colonists. Their surviving Royal Line exists today in a fully functioning tribe (see www.pokanoket.us). The point of this information is that the Treaty of Casco was an action to end the hostilities of the King Philip War which continued after his death by other tribes of the Pokanoket Federation and non-affiliated tribes.
Because the Royal House/line of the Pokanokets who remained and secretly assumed the leadership position of the Pokanoket Tribe should have been a signatory on the Treaty of Casco in 1678 but their presence to be a signatory wasn't possible due to the decree of the British Colonists that if they idenitfied themselves as being Pokanoket they would be executed. Many attended Church services for a place to meet secretly in plain sight as Wampanoags as this was one of the few legal opportunities they could meet under the guise of Christian conversion in the furtherance of their culture and Royal Line which prove successful. Go to www.pokanoket.us to visit the modern day tribe and headship of the Royal House of the Seven Cresents of the Pokanoket/Wampanoag Nation and tribe.
Under the above circumstances, due to suppression, intimidation and the Colonial Bay governments intent to annihilate the Pokanoket's, the Treaty of Casco was in fact a document which included the Pokanoket Tribe in absentia due to suppression and threat of execution. Their rightful signatory was thus illegally prohibited from physical presence but yet by law and inherent right does include the Pokanoket Tribe/Pokanoket Federation in absentia as if present and a signatory. This is recognized in present times under "operation of law" as established by landmark court rulings in similar like cases.[13]
1679: The plague devastates central Europe. There is a small outbreak in England - the last outbreak England will ever see.[14]
1679: Major Lawrence Smith’s services were as follows: Commander-in-Chief, Gloucester County, Virginia, 1679.**[15]
May 28, 1731: All Hebrew books in the Papal States were confiscated.[16]
June 17, 1731: At an auto-de-fe in Lisbon four men and eight women were condemned. A majority of the 12 were burnt at the stake. On this particular Sunday four men and eight women were present at the auto-de-fe of Lisbon. A majority of them were burned alive. A total of 71 other persons were sentenced at this event. Duarte Navarro, an 83 year old New Christian, was among those condemned for Judaizing.[17]
May 28, 1754
100_6503
Tuesday May 28, 1754
George Washington‘s attack on Jumonville‘s party would not occur until May 28, 1754.[18] All night, through frequent rainstorms, Washington and his men march on a confusing trail. The Virginians lose their way several times but finally they meet with the Half King and twelve of his braves. [19] It was still dark and still raining when they made their rendezvous with Tanacharison, the Seneca “half-king.” Experienced hands recharged muskets from powder kept dry in the hollow horns, while the colonel, George Washington, and the half-king made their reconnaissance forward to where the French war party lay concealed in a rocky hide. [20] Together they hike to a glen where a party of thirty-two French have been camped for several days. About 7 AM they surround the camp just as the French are beginning to get up. Washington's men are spotted and someone fires a shot causing the Virginians to respond with several volleys into the glen. The French try to fight back but many flee directly into the Half King's men. Ten French lie dead in the glen and the rest, realizing they are trapped, surrender. However one man, was out in the woods before the skirmish started and escaped to Fort Duquesne (present day Pittsburgh), a distance of over sixty miles.[21] One of them struck the French commander, Ensign Coulon[22] de Jumonville, standing on his bed-roll, his mouth open and his hand raised in protest at the suddenness of the attack. He fell back, and Tanacharison, rushing in from the other side of the ambush, jumped astride the fallen Frenchman. The Indian had time to recognize and speak to Jumonville before tomahawking him and rending his scalp from his skull.
By then it was all over. Ten Frenchmen and one Englishman lay dead. Twenty-two frightened survivors implored mercy, and red-coated Virginia militiamen looked to their young colonel for orders. He had begun a war. [23]
Washington attacks Jumonville
In his journal, Washington recorded his deadly encounter with Jumonville as follows:
About eight in the evening I received an express from the Half-King, who informed me,
that, as he was coming to join us, he had seen along the road, the tracks of two men,
which he had followed, till he was brought thereby to a low obscure place; that he was of
opinion the whole party of the French was hidden there. That very moment I sent out
forty men and ordered my ammunition to be put in a place of safety, fearing it to be a
stratagem of the French to attack our camp; I left a guard to defend it, and with the rest
of my men, set out in a heavy rain, and in a night as dark as pitch, along a path scarce
broad enough for one man; we were sometimes fifteen or twenty minutes out of the path
before we could come to it again, and we would often strike against each other in the
darkness: All night along we continued our route, and on the 28th about sun-rise we
arrived at the Indian camp, where after having held a council with the Half-King, we
concluded to attack them together; so we sent out two men to discover where they were,
as also their posture and what sort of ground was thereabout, after which we prepared to
surround them marching one after the other, Indian fashion; We had thus advanced
pretty near to them when they discovered us; I then ordered my company to fire; my fire
was supported by that of Mr. Waggoner and my company and his received the whole fire
of the French, during the greater part of the action, which only lasted a quarter of an
hour before the enemy was routed. We killed Mr. de Jumonville the Commander of that
party, as also nine others; we wounded one and made twenty-one prisoners, among
whom were M. la Force, M. Drouillon and two cadets. The Indians scalped the dead and
took away the greater part of their arms…
Tactical reality
A number of books characterize Washington‘s attack as an ambush. It was not, but ambushes
(lying in wait) are legitimate in the context of war. It was a well coordinated surprise attack on a
contingent of the very army that had recently pointed cannon at Trent‘s troops and evicted them.
It is no credit to the French that they allowed themselves to be caught by surprise, after having
committed the first aggressions of the war.
Long before the advent of firearms, combatants sought surprise for the obvious advantages it
provides. In small unit actions that do involve firearms, even fractions of seconds count, for
obvious reasons that are dictated by ballistics. The commander who loses the initiative is well
behind the curve, and may already be mortally wounded before a response can be mounted.
Put yourself in Washington‘s situation and mortal frame, and it is unlikely that you would
knowingly allow Jumonville‘s forces to take the first shot. In short, once the French attacked
British trading posts and pointed cannon at British troops, they should have expected a military
response.[24]
May 28, 1764: Jews of Frankfort on the Main, Germany, were permitted for the first time to appear in public at the coronation of Joseph II.[25]
May 28, 1773: The first Jewish service in America is held at the Touro Synagogue, Newport, Rhode Island.[26]
May 28, 1779
What this boiled down to was a total of only 786 men on active duty to guard a frontier of thousands of square miles against several thousand warriors in separate raiding parties of four to 100 or more men each, roaming at will and striking with horrible ferocity. By this time, Dr. John Knight had been named chief surgeon at Fort Pitt through Col. William Crawford’s intercession on his behalf with Col. Brodhead.[27]
May 28th, 1782: Tuesday.—I accompanied Col. Williamson on this command at 8’Oclock A.M. 200 Men turned out to go, and it was merely impossible to detain what was above the number ordered. A short distance from our Camp we entered a fine Bottom for about 2 miles to Still Water Creek, which extended the same distance on the other side. It is a pretty even flowing water about 2~ feet high. Out of the Bottom we ascended a high ridge, from which a most beautiful prospect was occasioned by the Water encircling it…allmost. An extensive bottom accompanies this Creek for a considerable distance.
Our course was due W. to the midle Moray. Town or Gnadenhiltten.
the Command halted half a mile from the Town, whilst Col. Wmson, our Brigade Major & myself went on foot to reconnoitre the town, whether we could discover any indian Warriors at it. We took a round for near 2 miles up th,~ river across a perspective to the lower town—traversed a level open piece of wood to a pond, at the upper end of which we found a fenced in glade. We struck the fording place just above the town, where we discovered the tracks of a horse & cows, and came to the Town along the Banks of the river, the town was burnt Some time last winter and the ruins of the lowest house in town were mixed with the calcined bones of the burnt bodies of the Indians. A fine plain of considerable extent is enclosed by a ridge of Mountains below the Town. the fording is here very good, which we crossed as soon as the main Body came up. Opposite the Town along the river is a large corn field in which we halted for a refreshment.
At 2 O’clock we were preceded by Col. Williamson with a small party of Sixty, and the whole Body followed upon his heels—pushing forward.
Our course to the upper Town was alimost due N. and the distance 8 miles.
this town called Nazareth lies upon the banks of the Muskiugham. At the lower end of her, in an obtuse curve of the river is a pond in which the moravians have hid several things.
After we had fixed our encampment here, we were alarmed by the firing of two Guns and an Indian halloo. Major Breiiton and Capt. Bean discovered two Indians about a mile from Town. They fired at them but miss’d them.
This occasioned the assigning of alarm posts and rising & standing to Arms an hour before Day. The result of a formal Council of Officers.[28]
[May 28, 1782—Tuesday]
The route of Crawford’s army carried them past several good springs before reaching the valley of the Tuscarawas, so there was no want for water. Tension heightened as the force approached the Moravian town of Schoenbrun. Three times yesterday and once earlier today, individual Indians had been spotted at considerable distances ahead, evidently spying on the army’s movements. Thus far, however, nothing of significance had occurred except that on the morning of the second day of the march, three volunteers could not find their horses which had been hobbled the night before. There was some speculation that they may have been stolen by the spying Indians, but no proof to back it up. However, not wishing to have any of his men afoot, who would only become a burden on others, Crawford ordered the three to return home, and the march progressed. Pvt. Thomas Mills, fearful that his father’s fine horse would be stolen or wander off, decided that henceforth he would not let the gelding get much more than an arm’s length away from him.
The commander continued to be disappointed at the army’s slow progress— averaging only 15 miles per day, when he had hoped for 25—but he knew the hills ahead would gradually become less severe and was confident the speed of their march would increase as the difficulty of travel eased.
Though its sister villages, Salem and Gnadenhütten, had been destroyed by Col. Williamson on his infamous expedition a few months earlier, Schoenbrun had been only partially destroyed and rumor was rampant among the volunteers—bolstered by the sightings of the distant Indians—that the hostiles had reoccupied it and were waiting there to ambush them.
As they came in view of the place, the three advance columns, ignoring the orders, curses and threats of their officers, abandoned caution and put their sweating steeds into an unruly headlong charge. The left and right columns galloped to opposite sides of the town, and the center headed directly for the three partially burned log structures in the midst of the village. Had Indians in fact been lying in ambush there, these unauthorized advance columns would have been devastated, but fortunately no one was there.
As soon as the realization came that Schoenbrun was devoid of life, the lust for plunder took over and the men spread out everywhere to search for anything of value. Fully a third of the advance plunged across the Tuscarawas to hunt for horses they thought might be pastured there. Another large cluster jumped off their mounts and leaped into a nearby pond, surging about in water armpit deep and feeling with their feet for any goods that might have been tossed into the water in an effort to hide them. The majority tore through the buildings still standing or only partially destroyed. All the efforts were in vain. With the exception of an old, rusted and totally useless flintlock and a broken tomahawk, nothing was found.
When finally some sort of order had been restored, Col. William Crawford, obviously exasperated, addressed the men in strong terms, berating them for their foolhardiness and refusal to obey orders and threatening severe punishment for any further lapses in discipline. But even as he spoke, the commander had the distinct foreboding that they could well find themselves in truly serious trouble if attacked by the Indians in force.
As they set up camp for the night, Maj. John Brinton and Capt. Joseph Bane set off to reconnoiter the area and saw, only a quarter-mile away, two Indians. They immediately fired at the pair—the first shots fired in the campaign—but the Indians were not hit and quickly disappeared. Col. Crawford was disheartened when he learned of the incident, as he had still been hoping to maintain secrecy and take the Sandusky Towns by surprise. Now, quite obviously, the Indians were well aware of their presence, and all the army could do was press forward at the best speed possible.513
And now, as well, Crawford’s sense of foreboding increased.
513. The Indians had been well aware of the army’s presence long before Crawford came to the conclusion they were. Thomas Edgington, who had been taken prisoner well before the campaign and who was later exchanged, reported that shortly after the beginning of the Crawford Campaign, he overheard Indians saying that the army had been spied on while at the Mingo Bottom rendezvous, and the number of men had actually been counted twice before the army reached Schoenbrun on the Tuscarawas.[29]
On the fourth day (we) reached the old Moravian town, upon the river Muskingum, about 60 miles from the river Ohio. Some of the men having lost their horses on the night breceding, returned home.[30]
Thursday evening, May 28th, 1782
Thursday, the 28th, in the evening, Major Brinton and Captain Bane, went some distance from camp to reconnoiter; having gone about one-quarter of a mile they saw two Indians, upon whom they fired, and then retreated to camp. This was the first place in which we were discovered, as we understood afterwards.[31]
May 28, 1795: Two tracts of land, one called “Stafford,” and the other “Rich Plain,”located where McCormick settled, were warranted to William Crawford, but soon afterwards became the property of William McCormick, and were patented to him May 28, 1795. A saw mill was erected by him on these premises. An agreement was made by McCormick (April 10, 1794) to sell a part of these tracts to John Gilson for ₤252, and on the 7th of December, 1796, the property was deeded by McCormick to Gilson.
May 28, 1818: Former president Thomas Jefferson set forth in a letter to a Jewish journalist his opinion of religious intolerance: 'Your sect by its sufferings has furnished a remarkable proof of the universal point of religious insolence, inherent in every sect, disclaimed by all while feeble and practiced by all when in power. Our laws have applied the only antidote to this vice, protecting our religions, as they do our civil rights, by putting all on equal footing. But more remains to be done.'[32]
May 28, 1830: Congress passes the Indian Removal Act, directed at the “Five Civilized Tribes”.[33] Ancestor and 1st Cousin, Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act. [34]
In the spring of 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, and on May 28 of that year President Andrew Jackson (1st Cousin 8 times removed.) signed the bill into law. The act gave the president the authority to negotiate “removal” treaties with all of the Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River. Under these agreements, each tribe would surrender its homeland in the East and relocate within a stated period of time to a territory west of that great waterway.[35]
May 28, 1862: Fremont’s Camp
Sign located at 8790 State Road 55, Moorefield WV 23836
Union Gen. John C. Fremont and his 20,000-man army arrived and camped here May 28, 1862. Fremont had been defeated by Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson at the Battle of McDowell earlier in the month. While here, President Abraham Lincoln urged Fremont to return to the Valley to help defeat Jackson. Rain and road conditions slowed the Federals as they broke camp here two days later to return to the Valley.[36]
Sat. May 28, 1864
In camp all day cool
Good news from gen Grant
100_1711[37]
6 of co sick last night[38]
May 28, 1884: Rosa Gottlieb, born Schnitzler May 28, 1884. Resided Koln. Deportation: Ziel unknown[39]
May 28, 1927: Orlando S. Harman was born on November 21, 1848, in Richmo nd County, Ohio. As a youth he came to Iowa, locating in Johnson County,k and in January, 1864, enlisted in Company H, Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry.
After the war Mr. Harman resided for a time in Des Moines, but because of impaired helth, in September, 1`878, he took up residence at the Soldier’ Home at Mashalltown. While there, he was a member and for a time Commander of Phiol Sheridan Post of the Grand Army of the Rupublic.
At the Fifteith Annual State Encampment held at Davenport in June, 1924, W. H. Needham was elected Department Commander; D. B. Cowles, Senior Vice Commander; and O. S. Harman, Junior Vice Commander. Upon the death of Mr. Needham and the subsequent death of Mr. Cowles, Mr. Harman, in May, 1925, succeeded to the office of Department Commander. He was the only Junior Vice Commander in the history of the Iowa Department who succeed to the office of Department Commander through the death of two of his comrades.
His term of office was of brief duration, as the annueal meetin and the election of officers occurred within a month after he took office. Brief as his term of office was, however, his work was effectively done. Mr. HARMAN DIED AT THE Iowa Soldier’s Home, in Marshalltown, on May 28, 1927. [40]
May 28, 1940: Belgium surrenders to Germany.[41]
Mid 1940: In 1938 increased German persecution of the Jews led President Roosevelt to ease the extremely restrictive immigration policy of the Great Depression and open the European quotas for full use. This step did not, however, set off mass migration to the United States, for the combined quotas of the affected countries amounted to under 40,000 per year. Furthermore, in mid-1940 the policy was reversed. Claiming the Nazis were infiltrating secret agent into the refugee stream and forcing some authentic refugees to spy for Germany. Breckinridge Long, with the cooperation of the Visa Division, suddenly tightened the requirements for entry. This step slashed admissions by half.[42]
May 28-June 8, 1942: Six thousand Krakow Jews are deported to Belzec and 300 are killed in the city itself.[43]
May 28, 1943: Karoline Gottlieb, born Marx, April 5, 1895 in Freudental. Resided Berlichingen. Deportation: From Westergork, May 25, 1943, Sobibor. Date of death: May 28,1943, Sobibor.[44]
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[1] Wikipedia
[2] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[3] Wikipedia
[4] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1521
[5]
[6] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 86
[7] Wikipedia
[8] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[9] http://www.livescience.com/11339-weather-changed-history.html
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_1677
[11] www.wikipedia.org
[12] M E M O I R S OF C LAN F I N G O N BY REV. DONALD D. MACKINNON, M.A. Circa 1888
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Casco_(1678)
[14] http://www.twoop.com/medicine/archives/2005/10/bubonic_plague.html
[15] ¶ Henning’s Statutes, vol. 2, p. 454.
Torrence and Allied Families, Robert M. Torrence pg. 300
[16] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[17] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[18] In Search of Turkey Foot Road.
[19] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[20] Battle for a Continent by Harrison Bird pgs. 9-10.
[21] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[22] Coulon. Capitaine Louis Coulon de Villiers. (LOO-ee COO-law-duh VIL-yay). (1710-1757). Born in Canada, he entered the army in 1733 as an ensign and was leader of French forces defeating Washington at Fort Necessity in 1754.
In July 1754, Villiers led a force of maybe 500 French and Canadian marines and militia plus around 200 Indians out of Fort Duquesne to meet George Washington and his militia troops at the Great Meadows. The number in this group is in dispute, some say 600 French/Canadian and 100-300 Indians. After surrounding Fort Necessity in the rain with both sides suffering from wet powder and exhaustion, he negotiated Washington's surrender and the English evacuation of the territory. Villiers was anxious to negotiate surrender—his Indian allies informed him they were leaving the next day, he was running short on ammunition, and British reinforcements of men and cannons could be heard “in the distance.” During this engagement, Coulon de Villiers‘ force suffered three killed and seventeen wounded.
Villiers continued in the French Army and later captured Fort Granville on the Juniata River. His major Indian ally was the Delaware, Captain Jacobs. Coulon de Villiers was the older half-brother of Jumonville, and it is that relationship that places him prominently in the history of the French and Indian War. In order to get the assignment to lead the force to the meadows, Coulon de Villiers had to pull-rank on another captain (François le Mercier) who had been assigned responsibility.
Louis Coulon de Villiers participated in several frontier raids on the PA frontier in 1755 and participated in the French capture of Fort Oswego in 1756. He also fought in the capture of Fort William Henry in the same year—1756. He grew ill in 1757 and died.
Accounts of the period 1763 record a “Major Villiers” at the French Fort de Chartres in the Louisiana territory (Peter Joseph Neyon de Villiers). The relationship between this major and “Louis Coulon” is not clear. Villiers was not an uncommon name in French Canada.
Confusion on the name—a question exists whether the character should be referred to as Coulon or Villiers. The compiler of this list prefers Villiers, but don’t be surprised in seeing it either way.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/coatocus.htm
[23] Battle for a Continent by Harrison Bird pgs. 9-10.
[24] In Search of Turkey Foot Road, pages 77-78.
[25] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[26] On This Day in America by John Wagman.
[27] That Dark and Bloody River, Allan W. Eckert
[28] Journal of a Volunteer Expedition to Sandusky, Baron Rosenthal, “John Rose”.
[29] That Dark and Bloody River, Allan W. Eckert
[30] Narrative of Dr. Knight.
[31] Narrative of Dr. Knight.
[32] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[33] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.
* [34] http://www.milestonedocuments.com/document_detail.php?id=49&more=timeline
* [35] http://www.milestonedocuments.com/document_detail.php?id=49&more=timeline
[36] http://www.visithardy.com/civil-war/wv-civil-war-history/
[37] Photo by Jeff Goodlove 11/13/2010 Reenactor at the Tennessee State Museum.
[38] William Harrison Goodlove Civil Diary Annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[39] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
[40] (The Iowa Department of the Grand Army of the Republic, Compiled by Jacob A. Swisher, Published at Iowa City Iowa in 1936 by the State Historical Society of Iowa.)
[41] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1763.
[42] The Abandonment of the Jews by David S. Wyman
[43] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1771.
[44] [1] Gedenkbuch, Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945. 2., wesentlich erweiterte Auflage, Band II G-K, Bearbeitet und herausgegben vom Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, 2006, pg. 1033-1035,.
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