Sunday, June 23, 2013

This Day in Goodlove History, June 23


“Every Day is Father’s Day at This Day in Goodlove History”

10,593 names…10,593 stories…10,593 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, June 23
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove

The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:

• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy



June 23, 79: Vespasian, the Roman general who was in the process of conquering Judea when he became Emperor, died.[1]


June 23, 79: Vespasian was succeeded by his natural born son Titus (79-81) A.D.[2] Titus, the Roman general whom the Jews will always remember for the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple succeeded his father Vespasian as tenth Roman Emperor.[3]








June 23: 1295: The newly chosen head of the Roman Catholic Church, Pope Boniface VIII, entered Rome and spurned the Torah scrolls offered to him by the Jewish community.[4]

June 23, 1298: Massacre of the Jews of Wiener-Neustadt, Austria.[5]

June 23, 1509: On Saturday June 23, the traditional eve-of-coronation procession of Catharine of Aragon and Henry VIII to Westminster was greeted by a large and enthusiastic crowd. As was the custom, the couple spent the night before their coronation at the Tower of London.[6]

June 23, 1509: Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon crowned King and Queen of England. There were no Jews living in England at this time. Henry’s father (Henry VII) had promised Catherine’s parents (the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella) that Jews would never be allowed the realm of the English monarchs. Thanks to the turmoil that Henry would create when he went to shed Catherine as his Queen and royal mate, small numbers of Marranos and crypto-Jews would be living in England by the end of the century.[7]

June 23, 1585 - Spanish army under Tassis beats Amerongen Staatse troops[8]



June 23, 1661: Negotiations for the marriage began during the reign of King Charles I, were renewed immediately after the Restoration, and on June 23, 1661, in spite of Spanish opposition, the marriage contract was signed, England securing Tangier (in North Africa) and the Seven islands of Bombay (in India), with trading privileges in Brazil and the East Indies, religious and commercial freedom in Portugal and two million Portuguese crowns (about £300,000); while Portugal obtained military and naval support against Spain and liberty of worship for Catherine.[7][9]

June 23, 1696: Jews of Posen, Poland were saved from a mob set to avenge the murder of a soldier when a peasant woman who was seized carrying the victim's clothing, confessed to her son's murder.[10]

Sunday June 23, 1754

The Virginia Regiment under George Washington, stationed at Gist's Plantation (near present day Dunbar, Pennsylvania) continue building the road to the Monongahela river. The men work slowly due to the fact that their poor diet of unsalted beef and a bit of flour leaves them extremely weak. [11]



June 23, 1755: A brief description of the route on Evans’ map, with modern place names:

The June 23, 175546[12] Lewis Evans map47 [13](Figure 0003)

Figure 3 This image was made from the June, 23 1755 Lewis Evans map. It shows a route from Fort Cumberland to Turkey Foot.



shows a schematic, straight line representation of a trail from Wills Creek (Fort Cumberland) to a location just south of Three Forks (i.e. Turkey Foot, present-day Confluence). From there, the trail goes on to ―The Meadows‖48.[14] The map shows the July 3, 1754 site of the battle at Fort Necessity with crossed muskets (located above the words ―The Meadows‖). Whatever the road was that Evans intended

to illustrate, it did not really travel southwest from Turkey Foot to Fort Necessity as he

illustrates, because Fort Necessity is actually located generally east of Confluence.

From the Meadows, the road continues on past Gist‘s (now Mount Braddock) and through

Stewart‘s Crossing (now Connellsville) and on to ―fort du Quesne‖ (now Pittsburgh). From

there, it goes on to an area marked ―Tawixtawi and Mine-amis‖ (Piqua, Ohio). The map also

shows a road connecting Fort Cumberland with Ray‘s Town (now Bedford, Pennsylvania49). A

brief article about Lewis Evans and his map is provided in volume two of the 1898 ―Maryland

Geological Survey‖; see Appendix 0004.



June 23, 1777: The British and Hessians set out towards Amboy, they then deployed near Bonhamtown.[15]

June 23, 1778



WILLIAM CRAWFORD, RICHARD YEATS AND ISAAC LEET

YOGHOGANIA COUNTY



June 23, 1778, William Crawford Gentleman appointed with Yeats and Isaac Leet of adjusting and settling the boundary lines between this County and the County of Ohio.

Signed, Thomas Smallman[16]



June 23. 1778. Court met according to adjournment.

Isaac Cox, Thomas Smallman, Benjaman Frye, Joseph Beckett, Samuel Newell, Joseph Beeler, Gentlemen Present.

Ordered that David Vance, David McCaw, James Tucker, and George Vance or any three of them being first Sworn appr. the Estate of Thomas Lewis deceased and make return to next Court.



William Crawford, John Stephenson and William Harrison

Gentlemen Named in the Commission of the pece and Commission of Oyer and Terminer come into Court and Took the Oath of Justice of the pice and Justice of Oyer and Terminer.



Joseph Vance came into Court and took the Oath of Captain of the Militia to which he is recommended.



Ordered that William Crawford Gent, be appointed a Commissioner with Richard Yates & Isaac Leet for adjusting and settling the Boundary Line between this County and the County of Ohio.

Ordered that Court be adjourned until Tomorrow morning

6 oclock. Tho. SMALLMAN.[17]

XVI.— CAPTAINS ROBERT BELL AND THOMAS MOORE[18] TO



IRVINE.



XINGS,[19] June 23, 1782.

Sir:— The unfortunate miscarriage of the late expedition [under Col. Crawford against Sandusky], the common interest of our country, and the loss of our friends, induce us to be thus forward in proposing another —the plan whereof we have herewith transmitted to you, the appearance it hath of being carried into execution, and our sincere wishes it may meet with your approbation. But if conceived impracticable, we rest assured some method will be by you adopted to lead us into the field where our actions shall more loudly proclaim the sentiments of our hearts than words can do here.

We do not wish to be understood as giving our own private sentiments, but those of the people generally in our quarter; for which purpose we are authorized to address you. And from accounts well authenticated, we assure you it is the wish of the people on this side the Monongahela river without a dissenting voice.

Mr. Benjamin Harrison will have the honor of delivering this, to whom we refer you for particulars if required, on whose information we wish you to depend, as it will be con­fined to strict truth.[20][21]

June 23, 1794: With the second partition of Poland additional territory was added to the Pale (the district in which the Jews were forced to live) that included parts of the Ukraine and the city of Kiev. Jews were granted permission by Empress Catherine II to settle in Kiev.[22]

Thurs. June 23, 1864

Drawed pay 79 dollars

Expressed 60 home and 60 for F Hunter[23]

Very hot 4 corporals promoted – treat

To a bbl of beer at night[24]



June 23, 1887: 1 Queen Victoria engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim. He was soon promoted to "Munshi": teaching her Hindustani, and acting as a clerk.[172] Her family and retainers were appalled, and accused Abdul Karim of spying for the Muslim Patriotic League, and biasing the Queen against the Hindus.[173] Equerry Frederick Ponsonby (the son of Sir Henry) discovered that the Munshi had lied about his parentage, and reported to Lord Elgin, Viceroy of India, "the Munshi occupies very much the same position as John Brown used to do."[174] Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice.[175] Abdul Karim remained in her service until he returned to India with a pension on her death.[176][25]


Edward VIII
Later Duke of Windsor

June 23, 1894

May 28, 1972

Wallis Simpson

None


[26]

June 23, 1904: On Convoy 6 was Israel Gotlib, born December 3, 1905 and Josef Gotlib, born April 6, 1908 from Varsovie (Warsaw, Poland.)



Also on board Convoy 6 Israel Gotlieb born June 23, 1904 from Sosnowice, (13 miles southwest of Krakow, Poland.)



This convoy left the camp of Pithiviers with 809 and 119 women, a total of 938 deportees. A July 18 telex from the Kommando of the Nazi police of Orleans to the anti-Jewish section of the Paris Gestapo confirms this. It also specifies that among the deportees, 193 Jews (men and women) were sent by the Kommando of the Nazi police from Dijon, and and that the other 52 came from the Orleans Kommando itself. The telex adds that two original lists were given to the head of the convoy, Police Lieut. Schneider.



The list of names is almost completely illegible. It was typed on onionskin with a purple carbon, and the names are almost impossible to decipher. Family name, first name, place and date of birth, profession and city of residence are given. The spelling of names is extremely capricious. A majority of the deportees came from the Parisian area. The nationality is not specified, by the great majority were born in Poland.



The greatest age concentration was between 33 and 42 (550 out of 928 deportees). Adolescents between 16 and 22 were accompanied by their parents; there were 141 of them. There were even some young children, such as 12 year old Marie-Louise Warenbron, born in Paris on April 27, 1930, and Rebecca Nowodworkski, born in Luxemburg on September 13, 1928, who was not yet 14. [27]



Most of the deported had just been arrested in the Occupied Zone and sent to Pithiviers. With this transport, Pithiviers and Beaunela-Rolande, the Loiret camps, were emptied, in preparation for the arrival of the 4,000 children and their parents who had been arrested in the infamous Paris roundups of July 16 and 17 and placed temporarily in the Velodrome d’Hiver, Vel d’Hiv, the large indoor witner sports stadium in Paris.[28]



Two Gestapo documents concern this convoy: XXVb-65 of July 14 and the routine telex, XXVb-75, of July 17, sent from Paris by the anti-Jewish section of the Gestapo to Eichmann in Berlin, the Inspector of the camps at Oranienburg, and Commandant to Eichmann in Berlin, the Inspector of the camps at Oranienburg, and the Commandant of Auschwitz. This telex notes that a convoy left Pithiviers on July 17 at 6:15 AM, carrying 928 Jews, including 119 women.



When they arrived in Auschwitz on July 19, the 809 men received numbers 48880 through 49688; and the 119 women, numbers 9550 through 9668.



There were 45 survivors of this convoy in 1945.[29]





June 23, 1921: Ottilie set the electon on the proposed destrict for June 23, 1921. As if to rally the faithful of Buck Creek, on the day of the election the Hopkinton Leader carried an announcement that Chalice had received an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Upper Iowa University at its recent graduation exercises. The announcement appeared as a headline on the first page. The piece noted that the award was made in recognition of Chalice’s “conspicuous service in the rural field.” It went on to note that “Doctor Chalice” had “won great credit and wide fame for his work and successes in reviving the Buck Creek Church, now known as one of the most outstanding rural churches in Iowa.”

The election turned out to be one of the most hotly contested ever held in Delaware County. Practically every eligible voter, and perhaps even a few more, showed up to vote at the old Buck Creek country schoolhouse. Meetings and rallies in support of the consolidation issue were held at the Buck Creek Church every evening during the week before the election. Grant, “Happy” Stead, Warren Winch, Harry Sill, and others arranged transportation to the polls for every voter klnown to support, or who coulde be persuaded to support, the consolidation project. Grant was overheard encouraging the transportation committee to “bring them in from the cemetery by the cart load if necessary.” Later, opponents would claim that more than a few ghostly voters did participate in the election. Reverend and Mrs. Grant, living near the school as they did, kept ttrack of who had voted and were on the telephone throughout the day getting out the vote. Although unconfirmed, it was rumored that the “Catholics” were engaging in similar activities to get out the negative vote. Yes, there were also rumors that crosses blazed almost every night of the week leading up to the election. The Leader published its story of the election in somewhat heroic terms as follows:



June 30, 1921: At the special election held at Buck Creek last Thursday, the vote for second time on the question of consolidation of schools, the proposition won by a vote of 129 affirmative to 103 negative votes. The opposition to the formation of the district was well organized and brought every possible vote to their assistance. Those favoring the project were equally active, and both sides appeared to be confident of winning. The eagerness of those affected by the question was quickly shown as soon as the hour for the opening of the polls came. The larger part of the vote was in very quickly. Very naturally, there is jubilation on the part of the supporters of the consolidated school, who have fought so long and loyally and for a secont time win with a hadsome majority in its favor. The first election was held less than a year ago. The organizers went promply ahead with the election of a board of directors and were preparing to function when legal proceedings on the part of the miunority discovered technical irregularities which nullified all the work. Nothing daunted, the majority again circulated petitions and the election last week, which is believed to have been reached in conformity with every requirement of the law, is confirmation of their contention that the majority of the people of the territory earnestly desire improved school conditions A special meeting of the district is called for Friday July 8 as will be noted by the notice elsewhere in the Leader, at chich time five directors will be voted for. The next step following will be that of providing for a suitable building for the proposed school.[30]



June 23, 1941: The Einsatzgruppen begin their killings in the USSR, and submit reports of their activities almost daily.[31]



June 23, 1943: There was no Convoy 56, on Jun 24, 1943, contrary to the Rutkowski story. The file, containing 450 names, is only a projected convoy. Examination of the names shows that they left for Auschwitz in later convoys or were not deported. Once again, the Auschwitz calendar believed that the deportees of this phantom convoy were all gassed, since no trace of them could be found. The report on Brunner’s inspection of Drancy (CCXXI-19; quoted in Convoy 55) probably would have indicated a convoy of June 24 had there been one, since it specifically mentioned the convoy of June 23.



Document CCXXI-19 describes Convoy 57 as “deportation to the East of 1,000 internees, among them many French in origin, and a large number of women and children.” A note of July 17 (DLXII-26) describes the organization of the departure of the convoy.



This was the first routine telex to Eichmann and Auschwitz signed by Brunner, the great master of Drancy beginning at that time. It indicated that the convoy left on July 18 at 9:30 AM for Auschwitz, not from Le Bourget/Drancy, but from Paris/Bobigny, with 1,000 Jews. On July 11, it was Brunner, not Rothke, who telexed Eichmann to ask his agreement for the departure of the convoy. The deportation list took on the appearance that would be maintained until the last convoys: neither place of birth nor nationality was recorded. Brunner knew what Auschwitz was. And while Rothke and Dannecker knew, too, Brunner was more cynical and wished to avoid extra work. So for him it was sufficient to indicate only the i9ndispensable items, first name, family name, date of birth, and profession k that would trick the deportees into believing that they were going to work.



The convoy carried 522 males, 430 females, and 18 undetermined. Of the total, 126 were under 18. The order is more or less alphabetical, but nationality, of course, is not indicated. However, we were able to establish the place of birth for most of the deportees by comparing the list with those obtained in the Ministry for War Veterans.



Henri Bulawko, who was later to be president of the Organization of Jewish Deportees of France, was part of thei convoy. This passage is from his book, Les Jeux la Mort et de L’Espoir (The Games of Death and Hope; pp. 51-3.):L



“Two nights and three days in the sealed freight cars. We were loaded 60 people where 30 would have had difficulty fitting… The train stopped. The door opened suddenly and all the questions were answered, an unexpected answer, unimaginable, inhuman. Brutally the door is pushed open and nightmarish moments followed. Strange people, in striped clothes, jump on the train, like gnomes who have escaped from hell. Behind them, the SS, rifles pointing at us and crying: ‘Los, raus, alles raus, Los’ (Fast, outside, everyone outside, fast).”



Sim Kessel, in Pendu a Auschwitz (Hanged in Auschwitz), also describes this arrival in Auschwitz (p.66):



“Schneller, Schneller.” Faster! How can we go faster? We are falling all over one another, caught in this unexpected ferocity. The women cry under the blows trying to protect their children.”



Upon their arrival, 369 men were selected and assigned numbers 130466 through 130834; 191 women were selected and given numbers 50204 through 50394. The rest of the convoy was immediately gassed.



There were 52 survivors in 1945, 22 of them women.[32]



On Convoy 57 was Wolf Gotliber, born April 14, 1907 in Mlatta. [33]



Convoy 55, June 23, 1943



After March 25, the deportations stopped until the end of June. The Auschwitz calendar (Z.O., no. 4; po. 87) shows the arrival of a convoy of 1,000 Jews on March 28. Supposedly, it left Drancy on March 26, and the entire convoy was gassed upon arrival. This is an error. The only convoys that left Drancy at that time were those of March 23 and 25 that went to Sobibor. We located the notes of the executive of the camp of Drancy, which mentioned no such convoy. It would have been impossible for a convoy to leave without some trace in these notes, where, in fact, all the other convoys appeared. Undoubtedly, the Auschwitz archivist found a trace somewhere and that all the deportees had been gassed since she found no indication of numbers of those selected for work. A. Rutkowski also wrongly included this convoy in the list of transports from France in his study.



Rutkowski made the further mistake of including a convoy of 1,740 persons on May 24, 1943, which also supposedly wento to Sobibor. This list, number 54, is merely a list of Drancy inmates, and in verifying the names, we realized that the majority were deported in later convoys. This list was probably the result of the arrival of Captain Alois Brunner with a special commando of Austrian SS as reenforcements for Rothke. Document CCXXI-19, “situation as of July 15,” relates that “at the beginning of June, Haupstrmfuihrer Breonner nbegan to take a greater interest in the camp of Drancy. He visited the camp… during his various visits he personally proceeded in a hightly summary fashion to interrogate 1,500 inmates out of 2,500. The first selection of the inmates resulted in the deportation of 1,002 of them towards the East on June 23, 1943.



We have a letter written in pencil and thrown from one of the cars of this convoy:



“In the boxcar, on the way to Metz.

Dear friends, last night we slept 100 in a room in Drancy, where we were placed after the search. Some of the people were transported by stretcher. All pell-mell, sleeping on the floor…we are 50 to a cattle-car, sitting on the floor or on our baggage. It is impossible to move. Three people escaped by jumping from a train moving at 40 to 50 mph. We don’t know if they are safe. The tell us we are going towards Mets, where there will be a selection… I am strong in spite of the terrible heat, without any facilities or water.”



The condition on this trip were reported (XLIX-8) June 28 by the head of the escort, who confirmed the three escapes—at 1 PM, 40 miles from Epernay==in the heat, which had forced the guard to open the doors of the wagons a bit. (For further description, see J. Cremieux-Dunand, pp. 88-100.)



The list for Convoy 55 is in poor condition. Among the nationalities, more than 200 were undetermined, mostly of Polish origin. In addition, there were 382 French, many of whom were naturalized; 245 Poles; 67 Russians; 36 Dutch; 24 Greeks; 16 Belgians; and 13 Czechs. It shows 561 males and 457 females, including 160 children under 18.

The list also includes thirteen babies.



The routine telex indicated that the convoy left on June 23 at 10 AM, with 1,002 Jews. It was under the supervision of Meister der Schutzpolizei, Richard Urban, with 20 men..



Paulette Swiczarczyk reported on te arrival at Auschwitz: “There, heartrending scenes surpassing anything one could imagine. Young mothers whose children are snatched out of their arms to the accompaniment of screams…” Upon arrival, 283 men were selected and assigned numbers 125858 through 126240; 217 women were assigned numbers 46537 through 46753.



In 1945 there were 86 survivors; 44 were women.



Alois Brunner, one of Eichmann’s most effective lieutenants. In June, 1943, he took over the administration of Drancy. Convoy 55 was the first he sent to Auschwitz. He organized a special commando that arrested Jews all over France, but especially in Nice where Jews had been protected by the Italians until September, 1943. Brunner was located in Damscus, Syria and his presence was protested there in June, 1982.[34]



On board Convoy 55 was Albert Gottlieb, born December 24, 1894 from Fridlda, (Stateless), and Aurelie Gottlieb, born June 11, 1892 in Lvov. (Polish for Lviv, a major city in western Ukraine. [35]



June 23-July 14, 1944 : Transports from Lodz reach Chelmno.[36]







--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[2] The Hidden History of Jesus, His Royal Family, and the Birth of Christianity, The Jesus Dynasty, by James D. Tabor, page 301.


[3] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[4] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[5] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[6] Wikipedia


[7] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[8] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1585


[9] Wikipedia


[10] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[11] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm


[12] 46 The title block on the Evans map states ―Published according to Act of Parliament, by Lewis Evans, June 23,

1755 and sold by R. Dodfley, in Pall-Mall, London, & by the Author in Philadelphia.‖ (See Figure 0003A)


[13] 47 The 1755 Lewis Evans map was copied by Thomas Jefferys, even as late as 1787. On the 1787 Thomas Jefferys

map (Appendix 0063), the road to Turkey Foot was simply copied from the 1755 Lewis Evans map. For this reason,

we believe that the Thomas Jefferys map is not credible in regard to the actual path of roads in the 1787 time period.




[14] 48 ―The Meadows‖ was the site of the Battle of Fort Necessity.


[15] http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/AMREV-HESSIANS/1999-03/0922729801


[16] The Brothers Crawford, Scholl, 1995, pg. 22


[17] MINUTE BOOK OF VIRGINIA COURT HELD FOR YOHOGANIA COUNTY, FIRST AT AUGUSTA TOWN NOW WASHINGTON, PA.), AND AFTER­ WARDS ON THE ANDREW HEATH FARM NEAR WEST ELIZABETH; 1776-1780.’ EDITED BY BOYD CRUMRINE, OF WASHINGTON, PA. pg. 243.


[18]Robert Beau and Thomas Moore were captains in the Westmoreland militia.


[19] ‘“Stewart’s Crossings;” these “Xings” were nearly opposite the present town of Connellsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania.




[20]the 22d of the same month, these men also sent Irvine a proposition for “carrying” another expedition against Sandusky (see p. 123, note 2). Compare, in this connection, pp. 175, 303, 327, 328.


[21] Washington-Irvine Correspondence, Butterfield, 1882


[22] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/


[23] Hunter, Franklin C. Company H. Age 18. Residence Linn County, nativity Ohio. Enlisted Jan. 4. 1864. Mustered Jan 28, 1864. Mustered out Jul 17, 1865. Savannah, Ga.

http://iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logn/mil508.htm




[24] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove


[25] Wikipedia


[26] Wikipedia


[27] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 50.


[28] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial by Serge Klarsfeld, page 380.


[29] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 50.


[30] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 208-210.


[31] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1765.


[32] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 434-435.


[33] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 438.


[34] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, pages 426-427.


[35] Memorial to the Jews Deported from France, 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 429.


[36] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1779.

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