“Every Day is Memorial Day at This Day in Goodlove History”
10,516 names…10,516 stories…10,516 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, June 8
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy
June 8, 65 CE: Jewish insurgent forces captured the fortress of Antonia in Jerusalem. This battle marked the outbreak of the Jewish revolt against Rome. This revolt would end with the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 C.E.[1]
June 8, 68: The Roman Senate accepts Galba (68-69 CE) [2] as the new Emperor. Galba was the second of men who would claim title of Emperor in the eleven months between June 68 and July 69. The first of the five was Nero and the last of the five was Vespasian. There are those who contend that there is direct connection between this Imperial anarchy and the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple. Vespasian was determined to secure the throne and to promote is son Titus as his heir. He decided to take the unusual step of completely destroying the Jewish capital and its house of worship as a way of demonstrating that he had the power to hold the throne and put an end to the revolving door Emperors.[3]
June 8, 570: Birthdate of Mohammed.[4] Formally known by the name Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, Muhammad was born circa 570 in Arabia. [5] Muhammad was born into a poor but respected Quraysh clan, the Hashim. As a young man, Muhammad worked on the caravans that traveled between Mecca and Damascus. After a wealthy Meccan widow named Khadija hired Muhammad as a business agent for her caravan and became impressed by his good qualities, the two married.[6] Muhammad claimed to experience a vision of the last Day of Judgment, the necessity to be humble in the face of the Merciful One, and the obligation to help the defenseless and aid the poor. [4] [7] Like Christianity, Islam is rooted in Judaism.[8] The ethnic and religious mix of Palestine changed dramatically after the birth of Islam.[9]
571:
Birth of the Holy Prophet. Year of the Elephant. Invasion of Makkah by Abraha the Viceroy of Yemen, his retreat.[10]
June 8, 630: According to tradition, the anniversary of the death of Mohammed, founder of Islam. Mohammed had expected the Jews of Arabia to accept his new faith. When they did not, he turned on them. This is an oft told tale in Jewish history.[11]
631:
Expedition to Tabuk. Year of Deputations.[12]
632: The first case of officially sanctioned forced baptism. Emperor Heraclius violates the ‘Codex Theodosianus, which protected them from forced conversions.[13]
632:
Farewell pilgrimage at Makkah[14]
On 8 June, A.D. 632, the Prophet Mohammed (Peace and Prayers be upon Him) died, having accomplished the marvelous task of uniting the tribes of Arabia into a homogeneous and powerful nation.
In the interval, Persia, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, the whole North Africa, Gibraltar and Spain had been submitted to the Islamic State, and a new civilization had been established.
The Arabs quickly assimilated the culture and knowledge of the peoples they ruled, while the latter in turn - Persians, Syrians, Copts, Berbers, and others - adopted the Arabic language. The nationality of the Muslim thus became submerged, and the term Arab acquired a linguistic sense rather than a strictly ethnological one.
As soon as Islamic state had been established, the Arabs began to encourage learning of all kinds. Schools, colleges, libraries, observatories and hospitals were built throughout the whole Islamic state, and were adequately staffed and endowed.
In the same time, scholars were invited to Damascus and Baghdad without distinction of nationality or creed. Greek manuscripts were acquired in large numbers and were studied, translated and provided with scholarly and illuminating commentaries.
The old learning was thus infused with a new vigor, and the intellectual freedom of men of the desert stimulated the search for knowledge and science.
In early days at least, the Muslims were eager seekers for knowledge, and Baghdad was the intellectual center of the world.
Historians have justly remarked that the school of Baghdad was characterized by a new scientific spirit.
Proceeding from the known to the unknown; taking precise account of phenomena; accepting nothing as true which was not confirmed by experience, or established by experiment, such were fundamental principles taught and acclaimed by the the masters of the sciences.[15]
June 8[16], 793 AD: In the first recorded attack of Vikings, in 793 A.D., they raided an undefended monastic community at Lindisfarne in the northeast of England. Alcuin of York, , an Anglo Saxon scholar, recorded the onslaught.. The Anglo-Saxon Chropnicle, a contemporary historical account, records that the Vikings waged some 50 battles and destroyed or ravaged scores of settlements. Dublin, one of the largest Viking cities in the British Isles, became a major European slave trading center, where, historyians estimate, tens of thousands of kidnapped Irtishmen, Scotsmen, Anglo-Saxons and others were bought and sold. [17]
June 8, 1191: Richard I arrives in Acre thus beginning his crusade.[18]
Richard I “The Lionheart” is the 23rd great granduncle of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
June 8, 1376: Black Prince had died on June 8, 1376.[71][19]
Edward, the Black Prince
June 15, 1330
June 8, 1376
Married his cousin Joan, Countess of Kent on October 10, 1361; Had issue (King Richard II of England).
[20]
June 8, 1374: Geoffrey Chaucer is appointed Comptroller of Customs and Subsidy of Wools, a position that pays ten pounds per year. This steady income gave him the freedom to write The Canterbury Tales which contained the “Prioress Tale” complete with its anti-Semitic featuring an eight year old Christian child who is murdered in the Jewish quarter of the town while singing hymns in praise of his faith. At the end, the Jewish community is wiped out as punishment for the death of the Christian child.[21]
1375: Master Gutleben did not stay in Breisgau very long, although as a Jewish citizen he could have had the continuance of the validity of his letter of safe conduct renewed one more in 1375. Again he was drawn to Basel. At that time the renowned medical practitioner Master Josset (Jocetus) worked there as the city physician.[22] The Jewish population being increased meanwhile, an ordinance of 1375 guarantees the Jews against the leagal persecutions, abuses, and confirmed their rights of before 1349. But this ordinance prohibits any partnership to them with co-religionists not domiciled in Strasbourg, and required the oath of the community, guaranteeing the fortune and the solvendcy of possible newcomers.[23] Giovanni Boccacio the Florentine novelist dies, Truce of Bruges between England and France, Mamelukes take Sis – end of Armenian independence, John Barbour writes “The Bruce” “Robin Hood” appears in popular English literature, Hanseatic League regulates weights and measures, Truce of Bruges ends hostilities between England and France. [24]
1376-1389: From 1376 to 1389 Wycliffe published his theological system in a series of tract, the main thesis being that Scripture is the foundation of all doctrine. This was a turning point of doctrinal history. Until then, Tradition was placed alongside Scripture as a source of doctrine; but Wycliffe disputed this notion with devastating logic. Later John Huss, Marting Luther, as well as William Tyndale, Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin, would adopt the revolutionary view of Wycliffe.[25] Wycliffe’s great treatise on Civil Dominion, written in 1376, pulled no punches. He declared that ”England belongs to no pope. The pope is but a man, subject to sin; but Christ is the Lord of Lords, and this kingdom is held directly and solely of Christ alone.” It was this book that incited Wycliffe’s opponents to silence him.[26] death of The Black Prince, Wenceslas son of Charles IV crowned king of Romans, Plague of rats in Hamelin GER becomes confused with Pied Piper story, Good Parliament in England called by Edward the Black Prince – government reform, Death of Edward the Black Prince, England's "Good Parliament" summoned to give more $$ for the war, St. Catherine of Siena persuades Papacy to return to Rome, Parliament gets power to impeach Lords - Alice Perrers, mistress, dismissed. [27]
1377: The fact that the corresponding quotations in the Basel book of weekly expenses stopped in the year 1377 indicates that Master Josset died or moved away in that year. His practice in the position of city physician now went to the Jew Gutleben.[28] 1377 to 1380 Vivelin/Gutleben in Basel.[29] Edward III and Edward the Black Prince of ENG die leaving John of Gaunt as regent and Richard II King to 1399, death of French poet and composer Guillaume de Machaut, , Playing cards displace dice in Germany, , . [30]
June 8, 1492: Elizabeth Woodville
Elizabeth Woodville
ElizabethWoodville.JPG
Queen consort of England
Tenure
May 1, 1464 - October 3, 1470
April 11, 1471 - April 9, 1483
Coronation
May 26, 1465
Spouse
Sir John Grey
m. c. 1452; dec. 1461
Edward IV of England
m. 1464; dec. 1483
Issue
Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset
Richard Grey
Elizabeth, Queen of England
Mary of York
Cecily of York, Viscountess Welles
Edward V of England
Margaret of York
Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York
Anne of York, Lady Howard
George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford
Catherine of York, Countess of Devon
Bridget of York
House
House of York
Father
Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers
Mother
Jacquetta of Luxembourg
Born
c. 1437/8
Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire
Died
June 8, 1492(1492-06-08) (age 55)
Bermondsey, London
Burial
St. George's Chapel, Windsor
Elizabeth Woodville (also spelled Wydeville or Widvile; c. 1437[1] – June 8, 1492) was Queen consort of England as the spouse of King Edward IV from 1464 until his death in 1483. Elizabeth was a key figure in the series of dynastic civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. As Lady Grey (née Woodville), Elizabeth had two sons by her first husband, Sir John Grey of Groby who was killed at the Second Battle of St Albans. As the daughter of Sir Richard Woodville, she was the first commoner (i.e. non royal) to marry an English sovereign. It was because of this that Edward's former staunch ally Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, fell out with his cousin King Edward leading to a battle of wills that finally resulted in Warwick changing sides and switching his allegiance to that of Lancaster.
Her children included the Princes in the Tower and Elizabeth of York; the latter made her the maternal grandmother of Henry VIII and great grandmother of Queen Elizabeth I. Tradition holds that she served as a Maid of Honour to Margaret of Anjou, but the evidence of this is uncertain.[2][31]
Elizabeth died at Bermondsey Abbey on June 8, 1492.[3] With the exception of the Queen, who was awaiting the birth of her fourth child, and Cecily (Viscountess Welles), her daughters attended the funeral at Windsor Castle: Anne (the future Countess of Surrey), Catherine (the future Countess of Devon) and Bridget (a sister at Dartford Priory). Her will specified a simple ceremony.[19] The surviving accounts of her funeral on June 12, 1492 suggest that at least one source "clearly felt that a queen's funeral should have been more splendid" and may have objected that "Henry VII had not seen fit to arrange a more queenly funeral for his mother-in-law", despite the fact that the simplicity was the queen's own wish.[19] Elizabeth was laid to rest in the same chantry as her husband King Edward IV in St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle.[3][32]
Elizabeth Woodville is the wife of the 5th cousin 17x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
June 8, 1754
They arrived at Gist’s on June 8, greatly weary and with no less than twenty men rendered ineffective due to illness.[33]
No. 25.—CRAWFORD TO WASHINGTON.
- SPRING GARDEN, June 8, 1774.
DEAR SIR :—I received your letter by Mr. Christy[34] dated 27th of May; and I am sorry you seem to be in confusion as well as us, as that renders our case more deplorable. Saturday last we had six persons killed on Dunkard’s creek,[35] about ten miles from the mouth of Cheat river on the west side of Monongahela, and there are three missing. On Sunday, a man who left a party is supposed to be killed, as he went off to hunt some horses, and five guns were heard go off. The horse he rode away returned to the house where the party was. They set out in search of enemies; found the man’s coat, and saw a number of tracks, but could not find the man.[36] Our whole country is in forts, what is left; but the major part is gone over the mountain. With much ado I have prevailed on about a dozen of families to join me in building a fort over against my house, which has been accomplished with much difficulty and a considerable expense to me. Valentine Crawford has built another at the same rate.
It was with great difficulty any could be prevailed upon to stay, such was the panic that seized the people. If something is not done, I am much afraid the whole country must fall into the hands of the enemy. The Delawares seem to be on our side as yet; but on them there is not much dependence.[37] I believe an Indian war is unavoidable. I have been on a scouting party as low as Grave creek since Mr. Johnston went down to Williamsburg, but could see no signs of any parties. However, as soon as I returned, a party crossed the river that did that mischief. Fort Pitt is blockaded,[38] and the inhabitants of the town are about picketing it in. They have, about one hundred men fit for arms in town and fort, which I do not think sufficient to protect those places.
I shall take the opportunity of the first scouting party down the river to comply with your request in regard to the Round Bottom, and send you a plat and another to Mr. Lewis. Then I hope no door will be left open for disappointment. As to the variation of the compass, it has been taken by Mr. Leet and Mr. McLain from Mr. Dixon and Mason’s calculations ; [39] and they find it to be 4° 10’ westerly. Their work, I believe, may be depended upon, as they are both able surveyors.
I am at a loss what to advise you or Valentine Crawford to do in regard to your people. At times I am afraid they will be very troublesome. I am afraid, should that be the case, little would be done for your advantage. In your letter to Valentine Crawford, you wrote about a mistake in laying a new county. I apprehended by Lord Dunmore, there was a new county intended on the west of the mountain. I am, etc.
P. S.—We are in great want of guns and ammunition.[40]
Valentine Crawford to George Washington
JACOB’S CREEK, June 8, 1774.
DEAR COLONEL :—I received your letter by Mr. Cresley of the 27th of May, and am sorry for the sudden breaking up of the Assembly, before they hit on some method to relieve our distressed situation ; but it is a happy circumstance for us that Lord Dunmore is so warm in our favor.[41] This gives us great resolution to stand our ground, what few of us are left; though the country is very thin.
We have built several forts out here, which was a very great means of the people standing their ground. I have built one at my house, and have some men to guard it. Mr. Simpson has, also, built a fort at the place where they are building your mill, by the assistance of his neighbors and part of your carpenters. I have been there several times, and have encouraged him all I can to stand his ground. I have several times offered him all the carpenters and all the servants ; but he would not take any of the servants, and but four of the best of the carpenters. His reasons for not taking the servants are that there is a great deal of company at the fort, and drink middling plenty. He thinks, therefore, that it would be out of his power to govern them. He said they would run away from him. As to the carpenters, he and Stephens, the millwright, had already engaged some before the eruption with the Indians. These they are both to discharge and take in those you engaged for me to take down the Ohio, at least, any more of them than they can conveniently work; as he says, from Indian alarms and the crowds of people that come to the fort, he can get nothing done, even with the small number of hands he has.
I will go to Simpson’s tomorrow morning and consult him farther on the affair, and do everything in my power for your interest. The thoughts of selling your servants alarmed them very much; for they do not want to be sold. The whole of them have had some short spells of sickness, and some of them cut themselves with an ax, causing them to lay by some time. One of the best of Stephens’ men cut himself with an adze[42] the worst I ever saw anybody cut in my life. He has not been able to do one stroke for near one month. This happened in digging out the canoes. When I wait on Simpson, if he does not take time carpenters, I shall either set them building a house at the Great Meadows, or discharge them entirely; for it seems almost impossible to keep men close to business at a fort, where there are so many people and so much confusion. If they can do anything it must be at the [Great] Meadows; as there they will be to themselves. Stephens seems very loth to be discharged. He says he left some very good jobs to come to you.
On Sunday evening, about four miles over Monongabela, the Indians murdered one family consisting of six, and took two boys prisoners. At another place, they killed(?, which makes, in the whole, nine and two prisoners. If had not
had forts built, there would not have been ten families left this side of the mountains, besides what are at Fort Pitt. We have sent out scouts after the murderers, but we have not heard that they have fallen in with them yet. We have, at this time, at least three hundred men out after the Indians, some of whom have gone down to Wheeling; and I believe some have gone down as low as the Little Kanawha. I am in hopes they will give the savages a storm; for some of the scouting company say they will go to their towns but they will get scalps.
Mr. George McCormick, who carries you this, is to return immediately, and will bring me an answer. As to your meats and other things, I have built a strongstorehouse and stored them safe; and if we could hope for peace soon, I think no people could execute your business better than those servants, as they will be hardened to the ways of this country, and they seem very well satisfied. I believe they will not run away; or, at least, they say they will not from you, but will serve out their time honestly. I am, etc.
P. S.—Give my love to Mr. Lund Washington, and tell him his people are well, but have moved into a fort near his Place.[43]
Valentine Crawford to George Washington
Valentine Crawford is the 6th great granduncle of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
JACOB’S CREEK, June 8, 1774.
DEAR SIR :—Since I just wrote you, an account of several parties of Indians being among the inhabitants has reached us. Yesterday they killed and scalped one man in sight of the fort on the Monongahela—one of the.inmates. There were two men sworn that they yesterday saw thirty indians. These men met about thirty of the scouts some five miles from the place’where the savages were seen. The scouts immediately pursued them; but we have not heard further of them. The party that murdered the family, about which I wrote you in my other letter, was followed by one a young man that Connolly[44] appointed a lieutenant, with a party of about thirty men. They overtook the Indians, released some prisoners, and recovered sixteen horses and a good deal of plunder the savages had taken from people’s houses; but they killed no Indians.
There have been several parties of savages seen within these two or three days,[45] and all seem to be making toward the Laurel Hill, or mountain. For that reason, the people are afraid to travel the road by Gist’s, but go a nigh way by Indian creek, or ride in the night.[46] My brother and I have concluded to take all your men and servants into pay as militia, and keep our ground until we can get help from below.[47] Your letter, which I have shown to several people, has been of infinite service to us, as it encourages many people to stand their ground in hopes of relief—from what you wrote. But there is one unhappy circumstance: our country is very scarce of ammunition and arms. I have, therefore, taken the liberty to write to you to got me two quarter-hundred casks of powder and send them as far as Ball’s Run to my mother’s,[48] or Colonel Samuel Washington’s or Keyes’ ferry, where I can get them up here by pack-horses. I want no lead, as we have plenty.
I beg of you to assist us, as you are better judge of our needs than almost any other gentleman. By your letters to inc amid my brother, you seem to be as well acquainted with our distress as if you were here in person; so I ask you to write me very fully in your next. I am, etc.[49]
June 8, 1777
At eight o’clock we raised anchor and sailed to Port Amboy,…landed, and entered camp.[50]
“June 8 - The above mentioned troops arrived at Amboy and set up camp a few English [miles] from the city, near the corps which was already there.
“The united troops now at Amboy consisted of the 42nd and 71st
Regiments of Scots, the later contains three battalions, 4th, 10th, 15th, 17th, 23rd, 27th, 35th, 38th, 40th, 44th, 46th, 55th, and 64th English
Infantry Regiments. Also, the 17th Dragoon Regiment, Stint’s
Brigade, the Combined Battalion under Colonel Loos, and the
Waldeck Regiment.
“The listed troops are camped on the heights near the Sound to the banks of the Raritan River.
“The corps of General Cornwallis consists of the two Hessian Jaeger Companies, two battalions of English Light Infntry, two battalions of English Grenadiers, four battalions of Hessian Grenadiers, including the Koehier Grenadier Battalion, two battalions of Guards from the 5th, 7th, 26th, 33rd, 37th, 49th, and 52nd English Infantry Regiments. In part this corps was camped from the far side of Brunswick to the Raritan and the jaegers are on this side of the Raritan and the two battalions of guards are on the heights behind them, which allows the road to Bonhaintown to be kept open.
“General Washington now has taken positions from Elizabethtown to Bound Brook and his army consists of about 12,000 to 14,000 men, who are in the so-called Blue Mountains near Bound Brook.”[51]
SPEECH OF CAPTAIN SNAKE ON BEHALF OF THE MINGOES, SHAWANESE AND DELAWARES TO DE PEYSTER.]
“UPPER SANDUSKY, ,June 8 [7], 1782.
“Father:— What we asked of you this spring, it is needless to repeat, you granted to us. Your assistance came in good time. We have, with your people, defeated the enemy. There is another army coming against us from Kentucky. This we are certain of, not only from prisoners, but from our young men who are watching them.
“Father! We hope you will again grant our request and let the rangers remain at Lower Sandusky about ten days and then march for our villages~ We hope, if possible, you will send some more of your people and stores, such as are necessary for warriors, with cannon and provision sufficient to maintain the Indians you may send to us. This you cannot do too soon, as we are determined if the enemy do not come into our country that we will go into theirs; and we will give you all the assistance in our power to transport your provision and what other necessaries you may send for your people.
“We hope, Father! you will not fail but send us all assistance possible. [Three strings of black wampum.] CAPTAIN SNAKE.
“To Major DR PEYSTER, Commanding Detroit and dependencies.”.[52]
[June 8, 1782—Saturday]
In the early morning light the residue of the main army of the Americans, on orders relayed from Col. Williamson, began its movement. The travel yesterday had been without major incident, though throughout the day the Indians, following at a safe distance, occasionally rode up close enough to fire random shots at the troops. Only one man had been bit, and that was a mere graze of the flesh on his forearm.
They were a dispirited group this morning, however, riding horses so weary from the exertions of the preceding day that most could do nothing more than maintain a slow walk. The commander knew that if the Indians hit them again today, there would be no possibility of putting the horses into a gallop to get away. Fortunately, they saw no sign of Indians this morning, but although they seemed to have withdrawn, Col. Williamson harbored no illusions that his army was out of danger.
As the army moved off from the little open grove where they had spent the night, the half-scalped Pvt. John Hays lingered behind. Yesterday, riding in the litter, he had become increasingly more uncomfortable and had announced, when they stopped to camp last night, that he was feeling well enough to ride by himself. Glad to have one less wounded to care for, Angus McCoy had provided him with a horse belonging to one of the men killed in the battle on the upper Olentangy. Hays, not having eaten anything during the past two days, was now ravenously hungry and was in the midst of baking some stick-bread over a campfire when the order was given to start the day’s march.
“You go on, Angus,” Hays told Pvt. McCoy. “I’ll follow in a few minutes, soon as this bread is cooked.”
McCoy nodded and, aided by several other men, got the wounded reloaded in their horse litters and set off with the main body of troops. None of the wounded had died during the night, but several were in extremely bad shape and all were in great pain.
Squatting beside the small cookfire, Hays finished making his bread, stuffed two warm pieces of it into his pouch and kept one in his hand to munch upon as he rode. He mounted his horse without further delay and set off to overtake the others, who were now about ten minutes ahead of him. Hardly a minute after he started out, eating his bread as he rode, he passed near a cluster of brush and small trees. He did not even hear the approach of the whizzing arrow that buried itself in his back. He stiffened sharply and began leaning toward one side when a rifle cracked. The ball struck a handsbreadth from where the arrow was lodged, ripping through his heart. He was dead when he hit the ground, and a few moments later the remaining portion of his scalp was taken, along with his gun, his horse and his pouch containing the remaining still—warm stick—bread.
Miles to the north and west, the party of Chippewas, with their three captives, roused and prepared to continue their march. Both Christopher Coffman and Michael Walters were in good shape, but the wounded private the party had found yesterday, James Guffee, was not. He had considerable difficulty getting to his feet and, in fact, had to be helped by Walters.
The Chippewa warriors, squatting by their own little fire a few yards away, muttered among themselves and seemed to be paying little attention to the captives. After a few minutes, however, three of them came to their feet and strode to the captives. Without a word or sign of warning, one of them jerked his tomahawk from his belt and buried it in the back of Pvt. Guffee’s head, killing him. The other five warriors at the campfire murmured in approval and came to the scene.
As Walters and Coffman stared aghast, the warriors scalped the downed man and then ripped open his shirt, plunged a knife into his chest and cut out his heart. From one to another they passed the bloody organ, each in turn lifting it to his mouth and biting out a chunk of the muscle, which they chewed and swallowed. It was not an uncommon practice among the Chippewa to do this—a ceremonial act that they believed imbued them with the strength and courage of the enemy they had slain— but to Pvts. Walters and Coffman, it was the most horrifyng sight they had ever witnessed. A short time later, as the Chippewas broke camp and set off westward along the trail toward Wingenund’s Town with their two remaining captives, both were silently wondering which of them might be next in line for similar treatment.
After a mile or so, a fine white-tailed deer flushed from cover and bounded away in front of them, untouched by the several bullets shot by the Chippewas. To Michael Walters’s amazement, one of the warriors approached and handed him his own rifle, which had been taken from him the day before. It was empty of powder and lead but, through a mixture of signs and scattered English words, the Indians gave him to understand that he was hereafter expected to help them hunt game for provisions. When another deer, or perhaps a buffalo, was sighted, hopefully in time for them to plan some hunting strategy, they would load his gun and he would have one shot with which to help bring down the quarry.
There was a second reason the gun was restored to Walters, though this one the Chippewas kept to themselves: Prisoners were less obvious if they were carrying rifles, and the Chippewas, knowing they would be passing through Wingenund’s Town soon, feared their prisoners would be taken from them or killed.
Less than an hour later, they came to Wingenund’s Town, where the Delawares welcomed the Chippewa war party with restrained cordiality. The residents looked at the two white men appraisingly. They paid little attention to Michael Walters, assuming, as the Chippewas had hoped they would, that since he had a rifle, he was an ally of the Chippewas and helping to guard a single prisoner. They gave much closer study to Christopher Coffman, and a minor argument arose between them and the Chippewas. The Delawares evidently wanted to form a gauntlet line for Coffman to run through, but the Chippewas refused to go along with the idea, making it clear that they were saving him in good health to run gauntlets at their own villages, which was their right as the captors. The Delawares reluctantly gave up on their idea and the Chippewas, relieved, stayed only a little while to exchange news and relate battle experiences with Wingenund’s people.
While there, Walters and Coffman were shocked to see, being held in a little compound under heavy guard, their army’s commander, Col. William Crawford, along with Dr. John Knight and nine other soldiers, including a couple from their own company. Walters wished he could talk to his colonel, but he was not close enough, and before an opportunity could present itself, five Delawares arrived triumphantly with scalps, and the Chippewas, motioning to Walters and Coffman to come along, left the village abruptly, lest their captives be stolen from them by the excited Delawares. They headed in the direction of Monakaduto’s Town, on the Sandusky near the mouth of Tymochtee Creek.
Some 80 miles east of the Sandusky battleground, John Slover was still leading the little group of men with whom he had linked up on the Oak Creek Trail. Having pushed farther south than the rest of the army, they had followed a well-used trail for many miles until it came to the headwaters of a southeastward—flowing stream that seemed familiar to Slover. After following it for a few miles, he finally realized it was the Waihonding and that they were on the trail that led directly to where the great village of Goschachgunk had once stood, at the point where the Walhonding and Tuscarawas meet to form the Muskingum River. Not wanting to raise their hopes too soon, Slover kept the knowledge to himself until they were much farther downstream.
When his companions—William Nemins, James Paull, Thomas Heady and Col. Crawford’s nephew, William Crawford, and son-in-law, William Harrison—realized that they were now only seven or eight miles from that confluence, they were jubilant and congratulated Slover and themselves on getting this far. Escape seemed firmly in their grasp at this point. Their exultation, however, just as Slover had feared, was premature.
The six men had not gone another mile when, wholly unexpectedly, a party of Indians—a dozen Shawnees and four Wyandots—leaped into the trail before and behind them with weapons leveled. Harrison, Heady and Crawford froze in place, but Slover, Paull and Nemins plunged off toward the underbrush. William Nemins was shot dead before he got there. Slover was pursued a few yards by three Shawnees who overtook him and pounced, bringing him to the ground. James Paull, more fortunate than the others, got into the heavy cover and, through fast running and adroit maneuvering, eluded his pursuers and got away.
Back on the trail, several of the Shawnees had disarmed and were holding young Crawford and William Harrison. The four Wyandots had similarly taken Thomas Heady who, though by far the largest and most muscular of the party, had suffered a shallow tomahawk gash across his thigh and so had made no attempt to flee, submitting without struggle. John Slover, still rolling about on the ground with the three Shawnees who had caught him, abruptly cried out to them in the Shawnee tongue as they pinned him, hoping to confuse them enough that he might be able to break away. His impromptu plan backfired.
The Shawnees immediately recognized Slover as their former captive and chortled in glee. Swiftly tying his wrists behind him, they took him back onto the trail. Another of their number had scalped the dead Nemins and joined them with his trophy and the private’s gun and knife.
The Wyandots held a brief exchange with their Shawnee allies and, on completion of the discussion, led Pvt. Thomas Heady to where their horses were hidden to take him back to the Sandusky. The dozen Shawnees conversed more after the Wyandots were gone and then took the captives to their horses. At once they mounted and began driving the three toward the west.
“God Almighty, John,” Harrison gasped, “where are they taking us?”
Slover, with sinking heart, did not respond. He had understood most of what he could catch of their conversation, and he was aware that they were taking them directly to the Shawnee capital village of Wapatomica on the upper Mad River. He also knew only too well what their fate would be when they got there: death at the stake.[53]
June 8th, 1782
June 8th.—this path fell into our former trail at the Town leading past the Lick. It is much nearer better and less perillous than our former path. We avoided the repeated crossing of Creeks and that ugly morass which detained us so long going. this path winds along a run, at the foot of a midling high ridge on the W. for a considerable distance.
“the night was so cold in these glades that there was a “heavy White frost upon the Grass in the morning, the “ground in the lower glade seems very fit for the cutting of “Turf.” Here we formed our Men again into the original 4 Columns and march’d in very good order. At the foot of the long ridge we were joined by Capt. Williamson & a party of 40 men ascended the Ridge and encamped on it about 6 miles from where Bouquets and the Wheeling path fork— [54]
June 8, 1782
We set off at break of day. About nineo’clock the third day we fell in with a party of the enemy about 12 miles from the Tuscarawas, which is about 135 miles from Fort Pitt. They had come upon our tracks or had been on our flanks and discovered us, and then having got before, had waylaid us, and fired before we perceived them. At the first fire one of my companions fell before me and another just behind me; these tow had guns; there were six men in company, and four guns, two of these rendered useless by reason of the wet when coming through the swamp the first night; we had tried todisharge them butcould not. When the Indians fired I ran to a tree, but an Indian presenting himself fifteen yards before me, directed me to deliver myself up and I should not be hurt. My gun was in good order, but apprehending the enemy behind might discharge their pieces at me, I did not risk firing, which I had afgterwards reason to regret when I found what was to be my fate, and that the Indian who was before me and presented his gun was one of those who had juist before fired. Two of my companions were taken with me in the same manner, the Indians assuring us we should not be hurt. But one in company, James Paul, who had a gun in order, made his escape and has since come into Wheeling. One of these Indians knew me, and was of the partyu by whom I was taken in the last war. He came up and spoke to me calling me by my Indian name, Mannuchothee, and upbraiding me for coming to war against them.
I will take a moment here to relat some particulars of my first captivity and my life since. I was taken from New River in Virginia by the Miamese, a nation called by us Picts, amongst whom I lived six years, afterwards being sold to a Delaware and by him put into the hands of a trader. I was carried amongst the Shawanese, with whom I continued six yuears; so that my whole time amongst these nations was twelve years, that is from the eighth to the twentieth year of my age. At the treaty of Fort Pitt, in the fall preceding what is called Dunmore’s War, which if I am right, was in the year 1773, I came in with the Shawanese nation to the treaty, and meeting with some of my relations at that place, was by them solicited to relinquish the life of a savage, which I did with some reluctance, this manner of life having become natural to me, inasmuch as I had scarcely known any other. I enlisted as a soldier int eh continental army of the present war, and seved fifteen months. Having been properly discharged I have since married, have a family and am in communion with the church.
To return, the party by whom we were made prisoners had taken som horses, and left them at the glades we had passed the day before. They had followed on our tracks from these glades, on our return to which we found the horse and rode . We were carred to Wachatomakak, a town of the Mingoes and Shawanese. I think it was on the third day we reached the town, which when we were approaching, the Indians in whose custody we were, began to look sour, having been kind to us before and given us a little meat and flour to eat, which they had found or taken from some of our men on their retreat. This town is small and we were told was about two miles distant from the main town to which they intended to carry us.
The inhabitants from this town came out with clubs and tomahawks, struck, beat and abused us greatly. One of my two companions they seized, and having stripped him naked, blacked him with coal and water.
This was the sign of being burnt; the man seemed to surmise it and shed tears. He asked me the meaning of his being blacked; but I was forbid by the enemy in their own language, to tell him what was intended. In English, which they spoke easily, having been often at Fort Pitt, they assured him he was not to be hurt. I know of no reason for making him the first object of their cruelty unless it was that he was the oldest.
A warrior had been sent to the great town to acquaint them with out coming and prepare them for the frolic; for on our coming to it, the inhabitants came out with guns, clubs and tomahawks. We were told that we had to run to the council house, about three hundred yards. The man that was blacked was about twenty yards before us in running the gauntlet. They made him their principal object, men, women and vchildren beating him, and those who had guns firing loads of powder on him as he ran naed, putting the muzzels of the gunes to his body, shouting, hallooing and beating their drums in the meantime.
The unhappy man had reached the door of the council house, beat and wounded in a manner shocking to the sight; for having arrived before him we had it in our power to view the spectacle, it was indeed the most horrid that can be conceived. They had cut him with their tomahawks, shot his body black, burnt it into holes with loads of powder blowni into him; a large wadding had made a wound in his shoulder whence the blood gushed.[55]
Agreeable to the declaration of the enemy, when he first set out he had reason to think himself secure when he had reached the door of the council house. This seemed to be his hope, for coming up with great struggling and endeavors, he laid holod of the door byut was pulled back and drawn away by them; finding they intended no mercy, but putting him to death, he attempted several times to snatch or lay hold of some of their tomahawks, but being weak could not effect it. We saw him borne off, and they were a long time beating, wounding and pursuing and killing him. Thast same evening I saw the dead body of this man close by the council house. It was mangled cruelly, and the blood mingled with the powder was rendered black. The same evening I saw him after he had been cut to pieces, and his limbs and head about two hundred yards on the outside of the town put on poles. The evening also I saw the bodeies of three others in the same black and mangled condition; these I was told had been put to death the same day, and just before we had reached the town. Their bodies as they lay were black, bloody, burnt with powder. Two of therse were Harrison[56] and young Crawford..[57] I knew the visage of Col. Harrison, and I saw his clothing and that of young Crawford tat the town. They brought horses to me and asked if I knew them. I said they were Harrison And Crawford’s; they said they were.
The third of these men I did not know, but believe to have been Col. McCleland, the third in command on the expedition.[58]
William Crawford is the 6th great grandfather of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
June 8, 1789: James Madison introduces a proposed Bill of Rights in the House of Representatives. Those favoring ratification of the U.S. Constitution promised that a Bill of Rights (what would be the first ten amendments to the Constitution) would be enacted as soon as the new federal government was formed. The First Amendment is of particular importance to Jews because it guarantees freedom of religion in the nation’s organic document. This has made the experience of Jews in the United States different from all other Diaspora Communities.[59]
June 8, 1804: A deposition of Benjamin Harrison, taken from the Harrison County Order Book A, pg 356, June 8, 1804.[60]
Benjamin Harrison is the 5th great granduncle of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
June 8, 1813
David Vance Sheriff is allowed Eighty dollars and Seventy five cents for Seventy lights of Window glass for the use of the Jail and two dollars for Summoning the Grand Jury for May term for 1813.[61]
David Vance 1st cousin 8x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
June 8, 1815: During negotiations intended to guarantee Jewish rights in the Treaty of Vienna, the Mayor of Bremen inserts language in “Article 16” that will effectively end the rights gained by most German Jews during the military successes of Napoleon.[62]
N.B.: The spellings, capitalization, punctuation (or lack thereof) are as they appear in the document. -- Lois Lambert
From the Pendleton County, WV Will Book 3, p. 307:
June 8, 1818: Francis Godlove the Elder: Summary and Hypothesis
James Funkhouser (View posts)
Posted: 9 Jul 2005 11:35AM
Classification: Query
Surnames:
Francis Godlove (1744?-1835) of Hardy and Hampshire Counties, (West) Virginia
The name of Francis Godlove is spelled more than a dozen ways in Hardy and Hampshire records. In the Hardy County tax lists he is Francis Godlove. In census records and most Hampshire county tax lists the name is “Cutloaf.†But in the Hebron Church register, the only place where the name was recorded by German speakers, he was Franz (or Franciskus) Gottlob. In the only autograph signature I have found for Francis, on his consent to Savilla’s marriage, he signed as “Francis Gotlob.†His wife's name was Maria, and in the 1840 census for Hardy County there was a Mary Ann Godlove, in her seventies, apparently Francis' widow.
Francis lived on the Hardy-Hampshire County line at the head of Oldaker's Run, Dutch Hollow, on 100 acres on the south side of North River Mountain, land he bought in 1814 from Stephen Mayhall. On December 6, 1816 Francis entered a claim for a land patent from the Commonwealth of Virginia. This land, 78 acres on the drains of North River and the north side of Bucks Hill, adjoining his 100-acre tract, was surveyed on June 8, 1818 and patented August 17, 1820 to “Francis Godlop.â€
The younger Francis Godlove administered the estate of his father. In the bond, the deceased was called Francis Godlove and the administrator was Francis Godlove Junior. He posted his bond on April 21, 1835 with Henry Detewick [Didawick] as suretor.
Francis Godlove/Franz Gottlob first appeared in Hardy Co. tax lists in 1795. He is listed in the Hardy County personal property tax lists from 1795 through 1805 and is in Hampshire 1806-1825. Probably after that date he was exempt from taxes because of his age, and, perhaps his poverty. Excluding his 178 acres of mountain land, his personal property was appraised in 1835 at $27.71. In 1821 he was listed as on the delinquent tax list, (for personal property--horses, cattle, etc.), but the assessor reported he could find no taxable property.
In 1793 and 1794, in Shenandoah County, Frederick Heiskell of Edinburg paid the personal property tax for [no first name] Gutlope/Gudlope. These might be references to Francis Godlove. On April 2, 1790, a Francis Cutliff was in Augusta County. Sarah, daughter of Franz and Maria Gottlob, was born November 5, 1789 and baptized March 14, 1790 at Altalaha Lutheran Church, Rehrersburg, Tulpehocken Township, Berks Co., Pennsylvania. These suggest a man on the move.
I want more evidence, but it looks like Francis Godlove/Franz Gottlob of Hardy and Hampshire Counties was the Johan Franz Gottlob who deserted in July 1783 from Mallet's Company of the Linsing Regiment of Hessian Grenadiers shortly before they left New York after the American War for Independence. This Franz Gottlob was born in Werneck, principality of Würzburg (now in Bavaria). The military records give his year of birth as variously 1751-1753. An 1805 court record says Francis of Hampshire County he was 61 at that time, so born 1744.
June 8, 1838: Thomas Harrison Moore served as a precinct chairman and provided “a permanent voting place” on June 8, 1838, in Bastrop County, Texas. In the same year, it is recorded that he purchased slaves.[63]
Thomas Harrison Moore is the 1st cousin 6x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove
June 8, 1845
Andrew Jackson, ancestor and seventh President of the United States, dies in Tennessee.[64]
Andrew Jackson is the 2nd cousin 8x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
June 8, 1862: Battle of Cross Keyes, VA.[65]
June 8, 1863: Battle of Millikin’s Bend, LA.[66]
Wed. June 8, 1864
On fatigue duty went 3 m to unload a
Boat rained a shower boty arrested
For breaking open a sutter[67] shop last nite[68]
June 8, 1864: John Q. Wilds. Age 37. Residence Mt. Vernon, nativity Pennsylvania. Appointed Colonel Aug. 10, 1862. Mustered Sept. 17, 1862. Promoted Colonel June 8, 1864; Brevet Lieutenant Colonel United States Volunteers. Wounded severely Oct. 19, 1864, Cedar Creek, Va. Died of wounds Nov. 18, 1864, Hospital, Winchester, Va.
June 8, 1886: Carter Harrison Sr terms as Mayor of Chicago: 4th term: June 8, 1885.[69]
Carter Harrison Sr. is the 8th cousin 5x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove
June 8, 1893: King George V: FRS: Royal Fellow of the Royal Society, June 8, 1893[112][70]
King George V is the 21st cousin 1x removed of Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
June 8, 1925:
john-a-godlove-civil-confederate-18th reg
Groom: Godlove, John A.
Age 32
S
Hardy County, WV
Father: Godlove, Jacob
Mother: ?, Louisa Married
April 18, 1876
Bride: Bauserman, Mary
Age 22
S
Shenandoah County, VA
Father: Bauserman, William H.
Mother: ?, Elizabeth
John Abraham Godlove, born October 7, 1843, died June 8, 1915.
June 8, 1941: British forces invade Vichy-controlled Syria.[71]
May 28-June 8, 1942: Six thousand Krakow Jews are deported to Belzec and 300 are killed in the city itself.[72]
June 8, 1967
[73]
[74]
1967: Jerusalem population after the unification of Jersalem (Jewish rule) 250,000.[75]
1968
The Hong Kong Flu kills 2 million globally.[76]
1968
The story of Jesus’s crucifixion was rendered entirely plausible when, in 1968, an ossuary in the burial cave northeast of Jerusalem was opened and a victim’s heel bone appeared, pierced through with a long nail. The name of the crucified man was Yehochanan. Archaeologists were able to date his remains to the first century C.E. and study the circumstances of how he died, thereby extrapolating from that the details of Jesus’s crucifixion. [77]
June 8, 1972
[78]
[79]
1972 Olympic Games, Munich, Germany
Mark Spitz wins 7 gold medals. 8 members of an Arab terrorist group invaded the Olympic Village and took a group of Israeli athletes hostage. An attempt to free them at the airport failed and 11 Israeli’s, 5 guerillas, and one policeman lay dead. The games had lost their magic.[80]
June 8, 2012:
9000 YEARS AGO…
Image Detail
9,000-year-old Neolithic mask to be auctioned in June
ReutersBy Chris Michaud | Reuters – 20 hrs ago
NEW YORK (Reuters) - A 9,000-year-old limestone mask, the oldest art object ever offered at Christie's, could sell for up to $600,000 when it goes under the hammer in June, the auction house said on Wednesday.
The rare Neolithic limestone mask, which evokes a human skull and resembles a modern-day hockey mask, is one of the earliest sculptural types to survive from antiquity, according to Christie's.
"Only very few of these masks are known," said Molly Morse Limmer, head of Christie's Antiquities department in New York. "All were found in the Judean desert, all were carved of limestone, and all represent the human skull."
The Judean desert's extreme dry conditions helped preserve the mask. It's function is a mystery but Limmer said its origins dated to a time when complex societies were first evolving.
"No doubt they represent one of the earliest human attempts to connect with the spiritual world," she said. "Given the skeletal representation, it would be logical that they relate to death rituals or ancestor worship."
Small holes drilled along the perimeter suggest that hair might have been added, or they might have been used to secure the mask on the face of a dead person, or to a wall, pillar or statue, according to Christie's.
The nine-inch mask, which is being sold by a New York collector, will be part of Christie's antiquities sale in New York on June 8, when about 260 lots are expected to fetch about $8 million.
Antiquities have achieved some astounding prices in recent years. A Roman Imperial marble bust sold for $23.8 million in late 2010, nearly 10 times its pre-sale estimate, while a limestone lioness figure circa 3,000 B.C. fetched more than $57 million in 2007.
The art market itself has been on a roll, with records set this month for post-war art as well as the most expensive work ever sold at auction.
Other highlights of the sale include a Greek bronze mirror circa 300 to 350 B.C. which is estimated to sell for $600,000 to $900,000, and two Roman works of art each expected to sell for as much as $500,000. A marble torso of Venus dates to the 1st to 2nd century A.D., while a marble head of Apollo is from the 2nd century A.D.
(Editing by Patricia Reaney)[81]
June 8, 2012
June 8, 2012
The Circus Princess, Opening Night at the Chopin Theater.
June 8, 2012
[82]
June 9, 2012
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] The world Before and After Jesus, Desire of the Everlasting Hills by Thomas Cahill, page 338.
[3] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[4] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[5] [4] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine, page 174.
[6] Introducing Islam, Dr. Shams Inati, page 64.
[7] [4] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine, page 174.
[8] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[9] [4] Abraham’s Children, Race, Identity, and the DNA of the Chosen People, by Jon Entine, page 174.
[10] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[11] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[12] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[13] www.wikipedia.org
[14] http://barkati.net/english/chronology.htm
[15] http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam12.html
[16] The Dark Ages, HISTI, 3/4/2007
[17] Smithsonian, October 2010, page 66.
[18]
[19] Wikipedia
[20] Wikipedia
[21] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[22] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 2.
[23] History of the Jews of Strasbourg, by Chief rabbi Max Warschawski.
[24] mike@abcomputers.com
[25] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 43
[26] Trial by Fire by Harold Rawlings, page 43
[27] mike@abcomputers.com
[28] The Gutleben Family of Physicians in Medieval Times, by Gerd Mentgen, page 3.
[29] Die mittelalterliche Arzte-Familie,, Gutleben” page 93.
[30] mike@abcomputers.com
[31] Wikipedia
[32] Wikipedia
[33] Wilderness Empire, by Allan W. Eckert pgs. 244-245
[34] William Christy, then a resident of Pittsburgh; soon after, along with Simon Girty, one of Connolly’s lieutenants.
[35] Dunkard creek, a tributary of the Monongahela, which enters that river in Greene county, Pennsylvania.
[36] This was the work of a party headed by Logan, the Mingo. It was here, with, a small number of Mingoes and Shawanese from Wakatomica, an Indian town upon the Muskingum, near time present Dresden, Muskingunm county, Ohio, that the irate savage commenced his work of death, -
[37] The Delawares proved steadfast in their professions of peace both to the Pennsylvanians and Virginians. They were not drawn into the war with the Shawanese and Mingoes. Their principal village was upon what is now known as the Tuscarawas river, in the eastern part of the State of Ohio, while the Shawanese dwelt upon time Scioto.
[38] This being “blockaded” was wholly imaginary. The Simawanese and Mingoes recognized Pittsburgh as being in Pennsylvania, and they were not making war on time people of that province; besides, the neutral Delawares stood in the way of war parties going so far up the Ohio.
[39] In August, 1763, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, of London, England, were selected by Lord Baltimore and the Penns to complete time boundary line between the provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania. They were both eminent surveyors. The line they run has received their names—Mason and Dixons line; figuratively, the dividing line between the Northern and Southern States of the Union,
[40] The Washington Crawford Letters, by C. W. Butterfield, 1877
[41] The Virginia Assembly was dissolved by Lord Dumnore, on the twenty-sixth day of May, 1774, for having passed resolutions of sympathy with their oppressed fellow-citizens of Boston, that port having been closed by the British Parliament, to punish them for their audacity in destroying the tea in Boston harbor. Lord Dunmore afterward declared that the Assembly of Virginia had neglected to provide for the exigencies of the border, though sufficiently apprised of them. He immediately issued orders to the commandants of the border counties, directing them to put their respective localities in a proper posture of defense, and, at the proper time, to act on the offensive; as the disposition of the Indians gave no longer any hopes of pacification. He declared that he would, at his own risk, supply the borderers with ammunition. there can be no doubt of his Lordship’s sincerity in taking these measures for the protection of the frontiers; nor can there be any doubt as to his acting in good faith toward Virginia, in negotiating with the Indians the peace which followed.
[42] Adze. Adz. A heavy iron/steel tool with a wooden handle used to dress—or flatten the sides of logs for use in construction. The metal blade is curved and performs a chisel-like operation. A colonist might have two or three adzes for use on rough logs, finishing work, and other. Several adzes were an absolute necessity in building a log house.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/abetoawl.htm#abenaki
[43] The Washington Crawford Letters, by C. W. Butterfield
[44]‘The employes of Lund Washington, at this date, were improving the tract of land which had been secured for him by William Crawford, as mentioned in George Washington’s Journal of time 14th, of October, 1770: “I intended to have visited the land which [Captain William] Crawford had procured for Lund Washington this day, also, but, time falling short, I was obliged to postpone it.”
‘There is so much doubt at this point whom the writer intended to name as Connolly’s lieutenant, that it is thought best to omit the word altogether.
[45] The leader of the Mingoes, who were depredating at this time in the settlements on Ten-mile, Dunkard, Whitely, and Muddy creeks—western tributaries of the Monongahela, in what was then considered by them as Virginia territory—was Logan, their Chief. With him, however, were some Shawanese. Up to the last of June, 1774, they had taken sixteen scalps in all—when the wrath of Logan, for the killing of his relatives opposite the mouth of Yellow creek, was somewhat appeased; but he soon appeared again upon the war-path.
[46] ‘The “road by Gist’s” was the thoroughfare well known as “Braddock’s road,” the route generally traveled by Virginians in going over the mountains. It ran south from Jacob’s creek, crossing the Youghiogheny at the home of William Crawford; thence “by Gist’s,” the Great Meadows, and so on, along the line nearly of the present National road, to the North branch of the Potomac. The route by Indian creek did not cross the Youghiogheimy at Stewart’s crossings, but continued along on the north side of that river.
[47] From below that is, “from east of the mountains, in Virginia.”
[48] The mother of William and Valentine Crawford had long been a widow. Hcr maiden name was Onora Grimes. Crawford, her first husband, died when the two boys were young. She then married Richard Stephenson. Five sons and one daughter were born of the second marriage, when the second husband died. The mother, in her prime, was a woman of uncommon energy and great physical strength, yet kind in disposition and very attentive to her children. She died in 1776.
[49] The Washington-Crawford Letters, by C. W. Butterfield, 1877
[50] Quartermaster Zinn of the von Donop Regiment: Enemy Views, by Bruce E. Burgoyne pg. 149.
[51] Bardeleben: Enemy Views by Bruce Burgoyne pg. 150
[52] Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield, page 369.
[53] That Bloody River, Allan W. Ecker
[54] Journal of a Volunteer Expedition to Sandusky, Baron Rosenthal, “John Rose”.
[55] Narrative of John Slover.
[56] This was Col. Harrison, son-in-law to Col. Crawford, one of the first men in the Western country. He had been greatly active on many occasions in devising measures ofor the defence of the frontiers, and his character saas a citizen in every wa, then a young man, distinguished and respectable. He had been a magistrate under the jurisdiction of Virginia, and I believe a delegate to the Assembly of that State. I know no man with whose grave, sedate manners, prudent conduct, good sense and public spirit on all occasions I was more pleased. H. Brackenridge.
[57] This was a son of Col. Crawford. I do not remember to have seen him, nor was I acquainted with his character before the expedition, greatly and deservedly esteemed as a soldier and as a citizen. H.H.
[58] Narrative of John Slover.
[59] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[60] Jim Sellers, www/shawhan.com.
[61] The Champaign Co. Com. Office, original Book. 1809-1819. Transcribed by J. A. Underwood, Dec’d.
[62] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[63] The Sons of the Republic of Texas, sent by John Moreland.
[64] On This Day in American History, by John Wagman.
[65] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012
[66] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012
[67] There has been a few soldiers arrested for robbing the Sutler. (Rollins Diary) http://ipserv2.aea14.k12.ia.us/iacivilwar/Resources/rollins diary.htm
[68] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[69] Wikipedia
[70] Wikipedia
[71] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1765.
[72] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1771.
[73] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[74] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[75]Fascinating Facts about the Holy Land by Clarence H. Wagner, Jr.
[76] Wells Fargo, 5/5/2009
[77] US New and World Report, Secrets of Christianity, April 2010. Pages 7 and 8.
[78] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin Texas, February 11, 2012
[79] LBJ Presidential Library, Austin TX. February 11, 2012
[80] Fall and Rise of Germany, DOC, March, 2006
[81] http://news.yahoo.com/9-000-old-neolithic-mask-auctioned-june-191019818.html
[82] Chopin theater, June 8, 2012
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