“Every Day is Father’s Day at This Day in Goodlove History”
10,604 names…10,604 stories…10,604 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, June 29
Like us on Facebook!
https://www.facebook.com/ThisDayInGoodloveHistory
Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy
•
• June 29, 3123 B.C.
• Sodom and Gemorah, fire from the sky. New discoveries archaeology, astrology and geology uncover evidence of literal fire from the sky in the form of an asteroid. The Bibile is sacred scripture to billions yet new breakthroughs in technology suggest that the fantastic tales and miracles have a basis in fact. One of the most compelling tales of all twenty four books of the old testament concerns two cities located by the dead sea. The Bible says that they are so wicked that God destroys them dramatically raining down fire and brimstone. Fire rains down from the sky and the entire plain is ultimately covered in this burnt remnant that erupted from the air.
Recent discoveries in astronomy and geology suggest that the story of Sodom’s fiery destruction may be more than just a moral parable. It may record an actual historic event.
It is probable that most myths are the subject of a probable event. In 2008 an artifact from ancient sumeria was translated for the first time and it seems to provide startling correlation to the story of Sodom.
On a small clay disc an ancient Sumerian astronomer recorded a strange site in the night skies. He indicates that the object is passing in front of stars at a high rate of speed. The clay transcription gives enough data that the speed and trajectory of the object can be traced backward leading to literal fire from the sky in the form of an asteroid. They believe based on the description on the tablet that the asteroid itself was about 1.25 kilometers diameter.[1]
If the information on the tablet is correct the impact would have been devastating. One hundred times more powerful than the worlds largest nuclear weapon. The fireball would have been more than 100 kilometers across. The resulting plume of flaming degree could have fallen for hundreds of miles. We would have had fire and brimstone in the area where fire and brimstone was supposed to have occurred.
In the book of Genesis, in the very first book of the Bible in Genesis chapter 18, it tells the story of a riteous man named Lot who moves his family to the bustling city of Sodom. In the book of Genesis God feels that the city of Sodom is so bad that God says that it must be destroyed. According to the Bible Gods wrath extends to all the cities nearby including Gomorra, Zoar, Admah, and Zeboiim. However God decides to save Lot if he can. God sends two angles disguized as men to visit Lot inside Sodom with a warning of the impending destruction. The men tell Lot he needs to get out. That he needs to get his daughters and wife and go out of town. They tell Lot that they are going to destroy this town. Lot is told to escape to the mountains and that one of the cities of the plane would be spared, the small town of Zoar. The angels give one last command, that they should not look back at the city. Lot and his family flee Sodom early in the morning, and as the sun rose fire fell from the sky. God destroyed the cities of the plain. The Bible says that Lot and his family fled to sanctuary in a cave above Zoar. After the destruction of Sodom and Gemorrah they believed that they were the last people on earth. And there the story ends.
In the story Lots wife does look back, and that is example of ideology or explanation of the pillars of salt that are found nearby.
For thousands of years the story of these cities was only found in pages of the Bible. In 1894 an archeological expedition uncovered suprizing support for the wrath of God. Under the floorstones of the Church of St. George lies an intricate map built sometime in the 6th century C.E. This beautiful work reveals the lay of the land showing Jerusalem, Jordon, the Dead See and in the Southeast corner an ancient name not seen anywhere else but the Bible, Zoar. It is the smallest of the Bibilical cities of the plain. The one city that God did not destroy. It was hard evidence that one of the Biblical cities existed. In fact the village exists to this day, known by its medieval name Safi. Also on the map was a partially obscured phrase written in Greek, “The sactuary of St. Lot or Holy Lot.” Perhaps this alludes to the sanctuary of Lot during the destruction of Sodom. Archeologist followed the trail that was laid out on the map which led directly to the ruins of an ancient church built in the seventh century C.E. The tiles in the church directly refer to the cave as the “Sancutary of Holy lot.” Archeologists also found one other fascinating detail. The Cave seams to match the describtion of Lots sanctuary outside the Lost city of Zoar.
Bab edh Dhra: The city that matches most closely to the city of Sodom is the city of Bab edh Dhra. 50 miles from Jerusalem in the Bronze age, Bab edh Dhra was an independent walled city. The city was surrounded by villages and agricultural land and was independent like a city state. Bab edh drah at its height was home to 1000 individuals. Bab edh drah also contains mass graves. The oldest graves date from about 3000 B.C.E.[2]
The ancient Sumerians were well versed in astronomy. The Sumerian Planasphere is a very sophisticated interetation of the nights sky. It was created by a professional astrologer who knew his trade. He was using instruments to measure angles. It indicates an object that was alien to their interpretation. The astrologer could not make out if it was a star or a planet. It could mean only one thing, an asteroid. The astrologer is standing in Southern Iraq. The object hit the Austrian Alps at a place called Kofels in the Austrian Valley. There is no crater because the asteroid exploded in an air burst. The object produced a massive plume that reverses back along the asterioids trajectory. The resulting fallout falls 1500 miles away from the blast site centered on the dead sea. There would be few survivors from a massive plume reentry centered on the the dead sea. [3]
After matching the night sky with the Planashere the date of the impact is June 29, 3123 B.C.
There is other evidence of a massive explosion. According to an ice core taken from a retreating glacier in Peru plants were found to have been frozen 5,200 years ago. There had been a massive climate collapse 5,200 years. After check with other ice cores it turns out that this had been a global event.
In Africa a lush and fertile area dried up to become the Sahara desert. In Chile formerly tropical area became covered with ice for millennia. In the middle east fertile regions turned into desert and civilizations collapsed.
An asteroid ¾ of a mile wide would have created a smoke plume that would have circled the globe blocked the sun for month causing a world wide climate collapse.
If this is all true we can now explain the destruction of Sodom and Gommorah. [4]
176-180 A.D.
[5]
Saint Cecilia
Saint Cecilia by Guido Reni, 1606[1]
Virgin and Martyr
Born
2nd century A.D.
Rome
Died
Sicily
Major shrine
Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Rome
Feast
November 22
Patron saint of musicians and church music
Attributes
flute, organ, roses, violin, harp, harpsichord, singing
Patronage
Church music, great musicians, poets; Albi, France;Archdiocese of Omaha, Nebraska; Mar del Plata, Argentina
Saint Cecilia (Latin: Sancta Caecilia) is the patroness of musicians[2] and Church music because, as she was dying, she sang to God. It is also written that as the musicians played at her wedding she "sang in her heart to the Lord".[2] St. Cecilia was an only child. Her feast day is celebrated in the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches on November 22. She is one of seven women, excluding the Blessed Virgin, commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass. It was long supposed that she was a noble lady of Rome who, with her husband Valerian, his brother Tiburtius, and a Roman soldier Maximus, suffered martyrdom in about 230, under the Emperor Alexander Severus.[3]
The research of Giovanni Battista de Rossi,[4] however, appears to confirm the statement of Venantius Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers (d. 600), that she perished in Sicily under Emperor Marcus Aurelius between 176 and 180. A church in her honor exists in Rome from about the 5th century, was rebuilt with much splendor by Pope Paschal I around the year 820, and again by Cardinal Paolo Emilio Sfondrati in 1599. It is situated in Trastevere, near the Ripa Grande quay, where in earlier days the ghetto was located, and is the titulus of a Cardinal Priest, currently Carlo Maria Martini.
The martyrdom of Cecilia is said to have followed that of her husband and his brother by the prefect Turcius Almachius.[5] The officers of the prefect then sought to have Cecilia killed as well. She arranged to have her home preserved as a church before she was arrested. At that time, the officials attempted to kill her by smothering her by steam. However, the attempt failed, and she was to have her head chopped off. But they were unsuccessful three times, and she would not die until she received the sacrament of Holy Communion.
Cecilia survived another three days before succumbing. In the last three days of her life, she opened her eyes, gazed at her family and friends who crowded around her cell, closed them, and never opened them again. The people by her cell knew immediately that she was to become a saint in heaven.[2] When her incorruptible body was found long after her death, it was found that on one hand she had two fingers outstretched and on the other hand just one finger, denoting her belief in the trinity.
The Sisters of Saint Cecilia are a group of women consecrated religious sisters. They are the ones who shear the lambs' wool used to make the palliums of new metropolitan archbishops. The lambs are raised by the Cistercian Trappist Fathers of the Tre Fontane (Three Fountains) Abbey in Rome. The lambs are blessed by the Pope every January 21, the Feast of the martyr Saint Agnes. The pallia are given by the Pope to the new metropolitan archbishops on the Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, June 29.[6]
June 29, 1096: Crusaders massacred the Jews of Mehr. [7]
June 29, 1397: Birthdate of John II of Aragon who reigned from 1456 until his death in 1479. During John’s reign Conversos and Jews held positions of power and influence. John even employed a Jew as his personal physician. Within 13 years of his death, the Jews would be expelled from the Iberian Peninsula.[8]
June 29, 1494: A fire broke out destroying part of Warsaw. The Jews were accused of setting the fire and attacked. King John I ordered them to leave the city and move to the "suburb" of Kazimierz, which became the first Polish ghetto. Jews were confined to the ghetto until 1868.[9]
June 29th, 1534 - Jacques Cartier discovers Prince Edward Islands Canada[10]
June 29, 1639: Daughter of Charles I
Princess Catherine
June 29, 1639
June 29,1639
Born and died the same day.
[11]
June 29, 1654: In Cuenca, Spain, 57 Marranos were taken to the auto-da-fe. Ten were burnt to death. One of them, Balthasar Lopez, announced as he was taken to the stake "I don't believe in Christ even if you bind me." He had returned recently from Bayonne in order to persuade his nephew to return to Judaism when he was captured by the Inquisition.[12]
Saturday June 29, 1754
Captain Mackay and his South Carolinians arrive at Gist's plantation. With news of the French force being on the move, the officers have a conference "to consider what was most prudent and necessary to be done in the present situation of affairs."(George Washington) The officers decide to evacuate the plantation and retreat to the more defensible stockade at the Great Meadows. That afternoon the men begin their retreat. [13]
June 29, 1754
Coulon de Villiers’s force was an impressive one as it left Fort Duquesne on J une 29 and began its journey up the Monongahela River. Over a hundred canoes there were, each carrying ten men or more, plus considerable equipment and artillery. There were seven hundred soldiers and just over three hundred fifty Indians representing nine different tribes, their faces painted with blacks and browns and whites in savage designs.
All day they paddled upstream and finally made camp for the night or. a broad bank of the Monongahela’s west shore not very far below Redstone Creek where, in the morning, they expected to engage the English. Here. as most of the Indians watched curiously, the Jesuit priest who was chaplain of the expedition said a solemn Sunday Mass for the soldiers.
After the service was completed, the guards posted and the men remain ing had eaten and were settling down for the night, Captain Villiers callec all the chiefs together for a council. Though he knew precisely how he intended to conduct the campaign, he knew as well that it would please the chiefs and bind them and their warriors more firmly to him if he were to ask their advice and, where practicable and amenable to his own plans, follow it.
The chiefs were pleased indeed and the council continued far into the night, with Villiers gravely noting everything said and every idea proposed Spies had now brought in word that the Redstone storehouse was abandoned and in the morning (June 30) the whole flotilla was on the move again before the sun had risen. They quickly reached the Ohio Company’s storehouse and beached their canoes well up from the water. Villiers posted a sergeant’s guard to protect the boats and immediately ordered the pursuit march begun on Washington’s very evident trail.
The going was no easier for them than it had been for Washington and, when the first halt was called only a few miles from Redstone, the chaplain was so fatigued he declared he could not go farther and would return to the storehouse to wait there. Before leaving, however, he held another service for the entire body of men and absolved them of all their sins.
The march continued while scouts came and went with regularity in front of the army. On the first day of July (July 1) they had reached Gist’s settlement and, finding it abandoned, bivouacked there. Only the officers benefitted from the comfort of the quarters here. The remainder of the army and the Indians were out of doors and spent a miserable night engaged in the impossible task of trying to stay warm and dry through a droning. persistent rain which began just before midnight and did not cease untill daybreak.
They munched cold rations without pleasure in the light of dawn and then took up the march again, only to have the downpour begin anew before they had traveled more than a mile. They passed through the gorge of Laurel Hill and Villiers’s scouts came in to report excitedly that the
English were holding fast in the Great Meadows, only four miles ahead.
Here the French force paused and, while his men rested, Coulon de Villiers was guided by some Indians to the spot where his brother had been killed. His features were cold and grim as he stared through the rain at the bloated and scalpless remains of the bodies, including that of Jumonville de Villiers. To have heard of the deaths and scalpings had been bad enough, but to actually see the desecrated remains made him sick and he wished that he had not come. He had no tools with which to bury them in the rocky soil, so he merely said a brief prayer for the departed souls in general and his brother in particular and then returned through the continuing drizzle to his camp.
And then yesterday, when the dismal gray daylight filtered through the forest, the attack march was begun. Throughout the early morning hours he had been receiving continuous reports from his scouts. His battle plans had been relayed to his officers and now the whole expedition was reaching its climax.
At Fort Necessity, Washington and his men continued to strengthen their position as best they could. It was largely a futile effort. No attention was paid to Monakaduto’s advice that they make their stand on a hilltop, not here. In fact, so disgusted by such ridiculous defenses had the Indians become who were attached to them, that Monakaduto and the squaw-chief, Alequippa, deserted the English after conferring among themselves.
“Look around you,” Monakaduto said with a disparaging swing of his arm over the encampment. “Is this how we want to fight a war? The white chief, Washington, is a good-natured man, but he has no experience and will by no means take advice from us. He would rather drive us on to fight by his directions. He has laid at one place from one full moon to the other, yet has made no fortification at all except this little thing here on the meadow where he thinks the French will come up to him in an open field.” He shook his head angrily. “Why should we endanger ourselves and our people, when the French behave like cowards and the English like fools?”
Fort Necessity was not much. A simple square enclosure of upright logs reinforced by dirt heaped on both sides and having a trench no more than knee deep, it was located at the eastern end of an oval-shaped, east-west meadow with a small brook trickling through the middle. On the south side of the enclosure, and partially on the west, there was an embankment on the outside and a rifle-pit ditch had been dug inside this. Morale among the men was abysmal. Even the emergency reserve provisions had been used up now, and for days the army had been living on only the fresh meat of their dwindling herd of beef cattle. Artillery had been placed to command the approaches, but there was precious little cannon powder and
even less for their rifles. The entire English force had last night numbered four hundred five men, but during the night a number had deserted and others had fallen sick. By morning’s light only three hundred fifty men were able to stand and light.
Washington knew the French were coming closer, but when no attack came at dawn yesterday, he thought they would have yet another day to continue their improvements of Fort Necessity. Then, at ii A.M., a wounded scout supported by a companion had stumbled to the commander with the news that the French army was attacking. Within minutes the enemy force had broken from the forest and immediately the Indians with it began a screeching war cry and a ragged firing of their muskets. The range was far too great and the lead balls fell harmlessly.
Believing that the French, since they were far superior in force, would advance at them head on, Washington ordered his men to fall into rank in the meadow before the fort. While the Indians and some of the French soldiers at the far end of the meadow continued the yelling and inconsequential firing, Villiers had ordered the rest of his men to flank the little fort in the woods on both sides of it, approaching as near as possible without showing themselves. Here, on two heavily wooded hills, they took their positions — only sixty paces from the English on the one side, a hundred paces away on the other.
That a worse place for the construction of Fort Necessity could hardly have been chosen now became evident. From these two hills the French had the protection of trees and could shoot from above with a murderous crossfire and rake much of the interior of the fortification with their bullets. It was a predicament that dawned on the young commander with staggering impact and now he countermanded his initial order and had the entire force withdraw into the fortification and take cover as well as they could out of the crossfire.
The rain that had fallen all night stopped at dawn for an hour, then began to fall again and had continued ever since. Now it became a heavier downpour and the trench inside Fort Necessity became little more than a mucky, calf-deep quagmire. The light swivels still commanded the approaches to the fort, but now the French musket fire was coming so heavily from the two hills that there was no protection at all for the artillerymen and, for the most part, the big guns remained silent.
The firing from both sides became hot and deadly at those times when the rain slackened, then petered out to a ragged scattering of shots as the downpour increased. Late in the afternoon the rainfall became so hard that only occasional shots were heard but then, with the approach of evening, it eased up to no more than a fine drizzle and the shooting became very heavy again until darkness fell.
The bodies of the English soldiers, regulars and colonials alike, lay where they had fallen inside the fort. Twelve of George Washington’s volunteers lay dead in the muck, along with eighteen of Captain Mackay’s regulars. Seventy men with crippling bullet wounds crouched against the ramparts, moaning and weeping, almost two thirds of them from among the volunteers. Their situation was critical in the extreme. Desperately hungry, weakened by sickness and desertion, almost out of ammunition, their guns badly befouled and only two screw-rods on hand with which to clean them, total destruction seemed imminent.
To make it even worse, discipline was collapsing and some of the men had gotten into the remaining rum supply. Half of those not wounded were now drunk. They raised their cups in sarcastic gesture to any officer who approached them and said, “We who are about to die don’t salute you . . . we ask why in hell we are here?”
The situation was terrible and still degenerating, but Villiers did not know how badly off Washington’s army actually was. As darkness fell and ended a nine-hour battle with no cry for mercy having come from the fort, the French officer began to grow a little worried. His fears were compounded when a pair of Delawares rushed up to tell him that they had been scouting to the east and heard, far in the distance, the beating of drums and the firing of a cannon.
“The chiefs have sent us to tell you this,” said the spokesman. “We are further to tell you that we will continue to fight throughout the night, if that is your wish, but with the dawn we will leave.”
The Delawares walked away without waiting for a reply and Villiers reflected sourly on the situation. He didn’t know whether or not to believe the report of drums and cannon in the distance. Though he doubted it, it could possibly be true. If it was, his own army might be in jeopardy. Ammunition was falling short and there was even the possibility that the English might sally out of the fort in a body to attack.12
He called Le Mercier to him and they discussed the situation. Within minutes they had decided that the best course would be to send in a messenger under a flag of truce for capitulation talks with the English. The messenger was sent, and he advanced to Fort Necessity waving a large cloth attached to a pole and shouting at intervals, “Don’t shoot! I come unarmed to talk with your commander!”
Washington met him in front of the breastwork, not permitting him to see the interior nor the condition of his men. He considered the messenger :o be more of a spy sent to see how the English were faring than as a bona ~de deliverer of capitulation terms. He rejected the proposal in a peremp:ory manner and sent the Frenchman back.
The more he thought about what the man had said, however, the more
he began to wish he had been less hasty with his reply. If they continued the fight, it could only end in annihilation of the English. Did he have the right to threaten his men with sure death if it was not really necessary? As he was pondering this question, the messenger returned to the fort and called out again that he came unarmed to speak to the commander. This time Washington listened carefully.
“My commandant,” the messenger said nervously, “wishes that you will think again what will certainly befall you if you continue in this way. He asks that you send him an officer to discuss terms by which no more blood need be shed.”
There could be no further hesitation. He told the Frenchman to wait, stationed a guard with him and withdrew into the fort. Only two men in his whole army could speak French; one was a young ensign named Peroney, but he was disabled with a bullet hole through his calf muscle. The other was his own friend and companion from last winter’s wilderness journey, the recently promoted Dutchman, Captain Jacob van Braam. There could be no choice in the matter: van Braam would have to go.
The officer was gone for a long time — so long, in fact, that Washington began to fear it had all been just a ruse to diminish his officer strength. But then van Braam returned bearing with him the articles of capitulation being offered by Villiers. Washington summoned all his officers, and they huddled together, keeping a sputtering candle lighted only with difficulty, while van Braam interpreted the paper.
On the whole, the terms were most generous, although certain objections were made to some of them and these were changed. But now they were coming to a passage which van Braam knew would almost certainly cause Washington to reject the capitulation entirely, and so he carefully mistranslated so that the section assigning to Washington personally “. . . l’assassinat[14] du Sieur de Jumonville . . .“ — the murder of Sieur de Jumonville — became, instead, the death of Sienr de Jumonville. The rest of the capitulation terms were quite acceptable and undoubtedly much more generous than they would have been had Villiers known the true nature of the English condition:
The commander and his men shall be permitted to march out of their fort with drums beating and the honors of war attending. They shall be permitted to carry with them one of their swivels and all other of their pro perty and baggage, cattle, arms and ammunition. They shall be protected against any insult from French or Indians. The prisoners taken in the affair of Jumonville shall be set free. Finally, two English officers shall remain as hostages for our safe return to Fort Duquesne.
Inwardly delighted to get off thus easily from what was certain disaster, all of the English officers signed the paper at just about midnight, including
Colonel Washington, who thereupon branded himself forever in French eves as the murderer of Jumonville. There was no little discussion regarding who was to remain behind as hostage, but at length the decision was made:
the two would be van Braam, since he understood French and might be able to learn something valuable to impart when — and if — he returned, and Lieutenant Robert Stobo, who accepted the appointment if not with pleasure, at least without evident fear.
Most of the rest of the night was spent in preparations for their departure, and in the early morning light of an overcast but rainless morning today, they filed out to the pitiful cadence of a single drummer. Already part of the capitulation terms had been broken. During the remainder of the night, under cover of the cease-fire order from both sides, the Indians had slipped into the adjoining cattle compound and slit the throats of those horses and beef cattle not already killed by the previous day’s shooting.
Now it was upon the unwounded men to carry the sick and wounded on their own backs and therefore leave behind much of the baggage they had intended taking. But the supposed withdrawal-with-honor turned into an ignominious retreat. The Indians heckled them incessantly and the heckling degenerated into plundering and threats to kill the remaining English and take their scalps — just as the bodies still within Fort Necessity were at this moment being scalped.
Nor was it just talk. There was hatred and murder in the eyes of the Indians, and abruptly they seized the medicine chest being carried by two privates and smashed it to bits. When two of the wounded men complained, they were killed by tomahawk blows, their scalps cut off immediately and then shaken in the faces of others. It was only with threats to withhold their presents that the angry Captain Villiers finally forced them to desist and the dismal march continued for the English.
Even then they managed to travel only three miles before exhaustion forced them to stop and make camp, fearful that at any moment the Indians might again swoop down on them and this time wipe out everyone. Washington dispatched two of his most able survivors to continue the remaining forty-nine miles to Will’s Creek Station and return with wagons for these men still here.
Men sprawled on the ground wherever they had taken their burdens from their backs. Washington himself was carrying a heavy load, and it was one that he could not put down, a load greater than anyone else’s; a spiritual load which threatened to engulf him. The sight of his suffering injured men being borne in defeat on the backs of their staggering comrades; the knowledge that so many of his men had been killed; the knowledge that he had been thoroughly defeated in his first major engagement; the knowledge that his failure could not help but cause further disastrous losses for the English throughout the frontier; the knowledge that now, beyond any doubt, those Indian tribes still vacillating in their allegiance would flock to the French; all these things and more made this the bleakest time of his entire life thus far.
Behind him, Villiers was returning in triumph to Fort Duquesne, having had only two men killed. He was burning Gist’s Settlement and the Ohio Company’s Redstone storehouse as he passed, and he was bearing to his commandant, Captain Contrecoeur, and to the Marquis Duquesne the electrifying news that now not a single English flag was flying to the west of the Alleghenies.[15]
June 29, 1767
The English Parliament passes the Townshend Revenue Act, requiring colonists to pay an import duty on tea and other goods.[16]
June 29, 1776: New York is a city of just 20,000. Forty five British Warships mass off of Staten Island. Bearing down on New York City, the ultimate war machine of its day, the British “Ship of the Line”. Each ship is made of over 2,000 century old trees. Each carries hundreds more soldiers in the fight against the colonies, and each is armed with up 64 heavy cannons capable of hurling a 24 pound cannon ball at the speed of sound up to a mile away. Each “Ship of the Line cost the equivalent of todays Aircraft Carrier. Another 350 British ships are racing across the Atlantic to join them. The British want to terrify the rebels into submission. Instead they inspire them.[17]
1776
But the ministry and the empire paid a terrible price for the German auxiliaries. The answer to the treaty with the Landgrave was the Declaration of Independence. The employment of foreign mercenaries by the British government was largely instrumental in persuading the Americans to throw off their allegiance to the English crown, and to seek the alliance of their former enemies. The danger pointed out in the protest of the lords became a reality, and men of English blood held that France had as good a right as Hesse to interfere in their domestic quarrels [18]
"He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation." - Declaration of Independence.
“June 29, 1777: Part of the army was transferred over to Staten Island.[19]
June 29, 1782
The day after the council I have mentioned, about fortywarriors, accompanied by Georgy Girty, came early in the morning around the house where I was. The squaws gave me up, I was sitting before the door of the house; they put a rope round my neck, tied my arms behind by back, stripped me naked, and blacked me in the usual manner. George Girty, as soon as I was tied, d—d (damned?) me, and said that I now should get what I had deserved many years. I was led away to a town distant about five miles, to which a messenger had been dispatched to desire them to prepare to receive me.
Arriving at this town, I was beaten with clubs and the pipe ends of their tomahawks, and was kept for some time tied to a tree before a house door. In the meanwhile the inhabitants set out to another town about two miles distant. Where I was to be burnt, and where I arrived about three o’clock in the afternoon.
Here also was a council house, part of it covered and part of it without a roof. In the part of it where no cover was, but only sides built up, there stood a post about sixteen feet in height, and in the middle of the house around the post, there were three piles of wood built about three feet high and four feet from the post.
Being brought to the post my arms were tied behind me, and the thoung or cord with which they were bound was fastened to the post; arope also was put about my neck, and tied to tpost about four feet above my head During the time they were tying me, piles of wood were kindled and began to flame.
Death by burning, which appeared to be now my fate, I had resolved to sutain with patience. The diving grace of God had made it less alarming to me; for on my way this day I had been greatly exercised in regard to my latter end. I knew myself to have been a regular member of the church, and to have sought repentance for my sins; but though I had often heard of the faith of assurance, had known nothing of it; but early this day, insantaneouly by a chang wrought upon me sudden and perceivable as lightning, an assurance of my peace made with God, sprung up in mind. The following words were the subject of my meditation “In peace thou shalt see God. Fear not those who can kill the body. In peace shalt thou depart.” I was on this occasion by a confidence in mind not to be resitied, fully assured of my salvation This being the case I was willing, satisfied and glad to die.
I was tied to the post, as I have already said, and the flame was now kindled. The day was clear, not a cloud to be seen. If there were clouds low on the horizon, the sides of the house prevented me from seeing them, but I heard no thunder, or observed any sign of approaching rain; just asz the fire of one pile began to blaze, the wind rose, from the time they began to kindle the fire and to tie me to the post, until the wind began to blow, was about fifteen minutes. The wind blew a hurricane, and rain followed in less than three minutes. The rain fell violent; and the fire, though it began to blaze considerably, was instantly extinguished. The rain lasted about a quarter of an hour.
When it was over the savages stood amazed, and were a long time silent;. At last one said, we will let him alone till morning, and take a whole day’s frolic in burning him. The syun at this time was about three hours high. It was agreed upon, and the rope about my neck was untied, and making me sit down, they began to dance around me. They continued dancing in this manner until eleven o’clock at night; in the meantime, beating, kicking and wounding me with their tomohawks and clubs.[20]
At last one of the warriors, the Half Moon, asked me if I was sleepy? I answered, yes The head warrior then chose out three warriors to take care of me. I was taken to block house; my arms were tied until the cord was hid in the flesh, they were tied in two places, round the wrist and above the elbows. A rope was fastened about my neck and tied to a beam of the house, but permitting me to lie down on a board. The three warriors were constantly harassing and troubling me, saying, “How will you lide to eat fire tomorrow—you will kill no more Indians now.”[21]
June 29, 1805, Francis Cutliff, age 61, made a deposition in Winchester in the case of Walter Crockett of Wythe v. Gordon Cloyd and others, O. S. 33: N. S. 11 (Lyman Chalkley, Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish, II: 73. [22]
[1] Typescript of letter received from Ashley Teets, August 2, 2004. This letter has circulated in the Godlove family for years. I do not know if the original exists. James Funkhouser j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
June 29, 1805: Here is something that is not indexed in reference to Gotlieb in Chalkley's
Chronicles but is in the book:
Volume II, page 73:
"Walter Crockett of Wythe vs. Gordon Cloyd and others----O.S. 33; N.S.
11---Bill filed 9th July, 1778. ...Depositions in Winchester, June 29, 1805.
. . . Conrad Cutliff aged 19 (Gotlieb?). Francis Cutliff aged 61." I am
wondering why James, the youngest son of Abraham (b. abt. 1803) and Sally
(Dorsey) Cutlip used the name Cutliff on his marriage record, both for himself
June 29, 1805: What’s the connection between Francis Godlove and Conrad Goodlove? I had been trying for years to run down the "Cutliff" depositions that Chalkley's Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish identifies as being associated with the Crockett case. Working on the possibility that Chalkley had it wrong and that the depositions might be found in a another case filed in 1804-06, I went to Staunton in May and within a half hour located them.
In a deposition given at Maguire’s Tavern in Winchester on June 29, 1805, “Francis Cutlif” (signature “Francis Gottlob”) gave his age as 61. "Conrad Cutliff," age 19, signed with a mark. [Conrad vs.. Linedecker, Augusta County Chancery Causes, folder 1805-006, Office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court, Staunton, Virginia]. [23]
June 29, 1829: Winans, Hiram W., farmer, P.O. Springville; was born October 4, 1830, in Miami Co., Ohio; son of Moses P. and Susan Simmons-Winans. He married May 27, 1852, to Priscilla A., daughter of John B. and Elizabeth Persinger Hollingshead; she was born November 24, 1832, in Shelby Co., Ohio; moved here in 1852, have four children-Moses W., born January 8 1854; Ella E., born May 16, 1856; Myrtle May, born May 1, 1867; Ivy D., born November 10, 1872; the first was born in Johnson Co., Iowa, and the others here. Mr. Winans served in Co. H, 24th I. V. I., over eighteen months, and until the close of the war. Members of the M. E. Church. He is a Republican. His father was born January 4. 1808; son of Lewis and Lydia Winans. Married in Miami Co, Ohio, September 11, 1828; moved to Shelby Co. about 1831;in 1853, he came here; have nine children, all born in Ohio: Lewis, born June 29, 1829;still single; Hiram W., John S., born July 11, 1832, died February 28, 1869; Amy, born September 18, 1834; married to Jas. Cornell; Esther J., born October 8, 1836, died August 7, 1864, wife of W. H. Goodlove; William B., born December 21, 1838, married Mary J. Gibson; David C., born November 30, 1843, married Mary M. Hossler; Susan M., born November 29, 1845, married O. D. Heald, and live in Cedar Co., Lydia K., born June 13, 1849, married O. F. Glenn and live in St. Paul Minn. Moses P. Winans died here August 25, 1871; was a member of the M. E. Church, and a Republican; left a farm of 265 acres, valued at $15,000. Susan Simmons Winans was born February 18, 1812; her father was killed, and her mother and she were taken prisoners by the Indians, and held six monthes or more; a little brother 3 years old was also killed; in the following Spring, mother, with Susan, made her way to friends in Miami Co., Ohio. Mrs. Simmons afterward married John Redenbaugh, who died in Ohio, August 1847, she came here and died February 27, 1857, aged about 72 years.[24]
June 29, 1845
Washington Daviess Co.,
Ind.
June 29, 1845
Lyman C. Draper, Esp.
Dear Sir
Your letter of the 26th April was duly received and I now (word unclear) to reply to its contents.
I have none of Col. Crawfords old papers and have never had any. If he left any his son John Crawford must have had them. He lived and died in Adams Co., Ohio near West Union. He left several children who are it is presumed still living in that Co. or Section. Their names are William, Mary (sic Moses), Richard and a fourth whose name I have forgotten (George Washington), and daughters Sarah and Mary.
All his children are married. The names of the husbands of the daughters I have also forgotten. Upon making enquiry of them you will probabloy ascertain whether Col. Crawford left any papers which will aid you in your proposed biography of him. None of Col. Cs children are living.
Col. Crawford it is my impression was born in Westmoreland Co Va and this impression is induced by the fact that he was an associate of Genl. Washington when they were youths, tho he was some ten or twelve years older than Washington. Col. Crawford had three half brothers, John, Hugh, and Richard Stevenson, familiarly called Stimson. John and Richard commanded regiments in the revolutionary war. The year of Col. C’s birth is unknown to me. My father was six years younger than Genl W. & Col. Must have been some twenty years older than my father. He had one full brother whose name was Valentine who died whilst I was a boy.; His history presents nothing remarkable. Col. C was for many years a resident of Berkely Co. Va is then called, between Harpers Ferry & Winchester. He married in that section of Virginia a lady whose maiden name I do not recollect. Her Christian name was Hannah. I have no knowledge of the time of this marriage. From Va he migrated to Fayette Co, Penna in 1773 or 1774. His children were Effie, my mother; Sarah who married William Harrison; and John Crawford, my mother being the oldest & John the youngest.
(Next lengthy paragraph concerns retreat and captures and deaths at Sandusky battle.)
I have frequently heard my father and mother say that C. went with a part to the relief of Hannah Town, raised the siege and rescued an Indian girl. This is all I know of this. About 1767 & 1768 Genl. W & Col C were engage together in (faded word) warrants on the Kenhawa river in Va. I do not recollect when the C. was engaged in the early Indian wars. He served during the revolutionary war, was in several engagements, but of what character he served or any other particulars attending his carrer (sic) I cannot now recollect. My father and mother both died in Fayette Co Pa, the first died in 1818 & my mother in 1821. The former was of the age of nearly 80 and my mother was nearly 74. Mrs. Springer the widow of Major Harrison was younger than my mother & John Crawford younger than both.
(Final paragraph follows, a general closing with the signature, “Wm McCormick”. Then below this is the following added paragraph in the spirit of a postscript.)
The remarkable circumstanceds attending the execution of my grandfather, partaking so largely of the marvelous as to challenge the belief of the most credulous, I may be permitted here to relate. On the day that Col C was burned I was playing in my father’s yard and in the field near the house I saw, or imagined I saw, a log heap on fire surrounded by Indians and a white burnt in the fire and that man was my grandfather & I alarmed my father & mother by calling them to take “my grand-dad out of the fire”, & such was the effect that the appearance had upon my mind they found it impossible to pacify me. It was ascertained afterwards that my grandfather was at that very hour being burned by the Indians. I was then nearly two years old & what is still remarkable I have now a distinct recollection of the impression then made upon my mind so vivid as tho’ it had occurred by (sic) yesterday. This singular fact was well attested to by my parents while living.
Wm McCormick[25]
June 29, 1846: George Smythe, 7th Viscount Strangford
The Right Honourable
The Viscount Strangford
Lord Strangford.
Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office
January 27, 1846 – June 29, 1846
Monarch
Victoria
Prime Minister
Sir Robert Peel, Bt
Preceded by
The Viscount Canning
Succeeded by
Edward John Stanley
Personal details
Born
April 16, 1818
Died
November 23, 1857
Nationality
British
George Smythe, 7th Viscount Strangford (April 16, 1818 – November 23,1857), styled The Honourable George Smythe until 1855, was a British Conservative politician, best known for his association with Benjamin Disraeli and the Young England movement. He served briefly as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1846 under Sir Robert Peel.[26]
June 29, 1847: Rev. John GUTLEBEN was born on June 29, 1847 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace and died after 1920 in Fruitvale,Alameda,CA.
John married Madeleine Frederique HELMSTADER (d. December 17, 1908) on October 26, 1871. [27]
June 29, 1850: ii. Martin GUTLEBEN was born on June 29, 1850.
Martin married Marie UNKNOWN about 1906 in ,,NE.
Martin next married Catharina Barbara FRITSCH on April, 3, 1877 in Muhlbach,Munster,Colmar,Upper Rhine,Alsace. [28]
June 29, 1862: Battle of Savage Station, VA.[29]
June 29, 1863: Dutton, Isaac B. Age 35. Residence Springville, nativity Ohio. Appointed Second Lieutenant Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered Sept 2, 1862. Resigned June 29, 1863[30]
Wed. June 29, 1864
Put up a bunk and drilled some cooler today
Bought some pie and milk and honey
Dress parade in the evening
Saw Jake Miller [31]
June 29, 1941: Several thousand Jews are shot in the courtyard of the Iasi police headquarters. This day becomes known as “Black Sunday.”[32]
June 29-July 2, 1941: All Jewish males from sixteen to sixty years old are arrested in Dvinsk.[33]
June 29, 1942: There were 1004 men and 34 women, as indicated in the telex dated June 29 (XXVb-102) addressed by the Kommando of the SiPo-SD of Orleans to the anti-Jewish section of the Paris Gestapo. This document states further that : 34 Jewish women and 73 Jewish men were arrested in the Orleans region by the French police in order to fill the quota; the Prefect Martin-Sane took steps in favor of the French Jews; and Dr. Cremieux, form Paris, was part of this convoy which left Beaun-la-Roland at 5:20 AM. [34]
June 29, 1942: The World Jewish Congress (WJC) press conference carried on both the AP and the UP wires from London compiled a country-by-country summary of the Nazi assault on the Jews. The WJC estimated that the Nazis had already killed over a million Jews, mostlry in Poland, Lithuania, Russia, and Romania. Few American daily papers printed more than brief notices to the effect that the World Jewish Congress had charged the Germans with killing over one million Jews.[35]
14505 years ago…Welsh Reindeer Is Britain's Oldest Rock Art, U-Series Dating Suggests
ScienceDaily (June 29, 2012) — A reindeer engraved on the wall of a cave in South Wales has been found to date from at least 14,505 years ago -- making it the oldest known rock art in the British Isles.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The engraving was discovered in September 2010 by Dr. George Nash from the University of Bristol's Department of Archaeology and Anthropology while he was exploring the rear section of Cathole Cave, a limestone cave on the eastern side of an inland valley on the Gower Peninsula, South Wales.
Found to the rear of the cave on a small vertical limestone niche, the engraved cervid -- probably a stylized reindeer -- is shown side-on and measures approximately 15 x 11cm. It was carved using a sharp-pointed tool, probably made of flint, by an artist using his or her right hand. The animal's elongated torso has been infilled with irregular-spaced vertical and diagonal lines, whilst the legs and stylized antlers comprise simple lines.
The reindeer was engraved over a mineral deposit known as a 'speleothem' (cave formation), which itself developed over a large piece of limestone. Extending over the left side of the figure is a flowstone deposit (speleothem cover) which extends across part of the animal's muzzle and antler set.
In April 2011, Dr Peter van Calsteren and Dr Louise Thomas of the NERC-Open University Uranium-series Facility extracted three samples from the surface of the speleothem covering the engraving. One of these samples produced a minimum date of 12,572 years BP (before present), with a margin of plus or minus 600 years. A further sample, taken in June 2011 from the same flowstone deposit, revealed a minimum date of 14,505 years BP, plus or minus 560 years.
Dr Nash said: "The earlier date is comparable with Uranium-series dating of flowstone that covers engraved figures within Church Hole Cave at Creswell along the Nottinghamshire/Derbyshire border. However, the new minimum date of 14,505 + 560 years BP makes the engraved reindeer in South Wales the oldest rock art in the British Isles, if not North-western Europe."
http://images.sciencedaily.com/2012/06/120629142527.jpg
The image was carved using a sharp-pointed tool, probably made of flint. (Credit: Image by Dr George Nash)[36]
5400-5200 B.C: Oldest Neolithic Bow Discovered in Europe
ScienceDaily (June 29, 2012) — Researchers from UAB and CSIC have discovered the oldest Neolithic bow in Europe at La Draga Neolithic site in Banyoles yields. The complete bow measures 108 cm long and was constructed of yew wood.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Archaeological research carried out at the Neolithic site of La Draga, near the lake of Banyoles, has yielded the discovery of an item which is unique to the western Mediterranean and Europe. The item is a bow dating from the period between 5400-5200 BCE, corresponding to the earliest period of settlement. It is the first bow to be found intact at the site. It can be considered the most ancient bow of the Neolithic period found in Europe.
The bow is 108 cm long and presents a plano-convex section. It is made out of yew wood (Taxus baccata) as were the majority of Neolithic bows in Europe.
In previous archaeological digs, fragments of two bows were found (in 2002 and 2005) also from the same time period, but since they are fragmented it is impossible to analyze their characteristics in depth. The current discovery opens new perspectives in understanding how these farming communities lived and organized themselves. These bows could have served different purposes, such as hunting, although if one takes into account that this activity was not all that common in the La Draga area, it cannot be ruled out that the bows may have represented elements of prestige or been related to defensive or confrontational activities. Remains have been found of bows in Northern Europe (Denmark, Russia) dating from between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE among hunter-gatherer groups, although these groups were from the Paleolithic period, and not the Neolithic.
The majority of bows from the Neolithic period in Europe can be found in central and northern Europe. Some fragments of these Neolithic bows from central Europe date from the end of the 6th millennium BCE, between 5200-5000 BCE, although generally they are from later periods, often more than a thousand years newer than La Draga. For this reason archaeologists can affirm that the three bows found at La Draga are the most ancient bows in Europe from the Neolithic period.
A new study will analyze aspects of the technology, survival strategies and social organization of the first farming communities which settled in the Iberian Peninsula.
The research carried out at the La Draga site is financed by the Department of Culture of the Government of Catalonia and the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness. This project is being conducted under the coordination of the County Archaeological Museum of Banyoles, with the participation of the UAB Department of Prehistory, the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology of the CSIC Institute Milà i Fontanals, the National Museum of Archaeology of Catalonia and the Centre for Underwater Archaeology of Catalonia. The excavation includes the participation of archaeology students from UAB and other universities in Spain and Europe.
The Neolithic people of La Draga, Banyoles
La Draga is located in the town of Banyoles, belonging to the county of Pla de l'Estany, and is an archaeological site corresponding to the location in which one of the first farming communities settled in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. The site is located on the eastern part of the Banyoles Lake and dates back to 5400 and 5000 BCE. The site occupies 8000 sq m and stretches out 100 m along the lake's shore and 80 m towards the east. Part of the site is totally submerged in the lake, while other parts are located on solid ground. The first digs were conducted between the years 1990 and 2005, under the scientific leadership of the County Archaeological Museum of Banyoles. Since 1994, excavations were also carried out by the Centre for Underwater Research (Museum of Archaeology of Catalonia).
The current project (2008-2013) includes participation by the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and the Spanish National Research Council.
The site at La Draga is exceptional for several reasons. Firstly, due to its antiquity, which is considered to be one of the oldest of the Neolithic period existing in the Iberian Peninsula. Secondly, because it is an open-air site with a fairly continuous occupation. Lastly, and surely most remarkably, because of the exceptional conditions in which it is conserved. The archaeological levels are located in the phreatic layer surrounding Lake Banyoles, giving way to anaerobic conditions which favour the conservation of organic material. These circumstances make La Draga a unique site in all of the Iberian Peninsula, since it is the only one known to have these characteristics. In Europe, together with Dispilo in Greece and La Marmota in Italy, it is one of the few lake settlements from the 6th millennium BCE.
http://images.sciencedaily.com/2012/06/120629142412.jpg
Complete bow. (Credit: Image courtesy of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)[37]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] Sodom and Gomorrah, Green, 12/14/2008
[2] Sodom and Gomorrah, Green, 12/14/2008
[3] Sodom and Gomorrah, Green, 12/14/2008
[4] Sodom and Gomorrah, Green, 12/14/2008
[5] Trinity Episcopal, Highland Park, IL
[6] Wikipedia
[7] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[8] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[9] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[10] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1534
[11] Wikipedia
[12] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[13] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[14] Assassination. A single word that some believe may have started the French and Indian War. The surrender terms given to George Washington by the French at Fort Necessity contained the word “assassinat " in the original French. The word was used in a sentence pertaining to the death of Ensign Coulon de Jumonville in the fight between Jumonville with his force of 33 militia against Washington and a contingent of forty Virginia volunteers plus approximately a dozen Indians led by Tanagharison (The Half King) and Scarrooyady. This fight was the prelude to the battle for Fort Necessity.
The surrender document was written in French and the translation was made by Jacob Van Braam—a Dutch lieutenant /captain on Washington’s staff. William Peyronie (a French Huguenot), had participated in earlier negotiations with the French but a wound caused him to collapse and not be available for translation of the final surrender document. Andre Montour, son of Madame Montour and presumably also French speaking, was absent from the Fort at the time of the surrender. Thus, the surrender document stated that Washington and his forces had “assassinated” Jumonville—rather than Jumonville being simply “killed” in the conflict.
The assassination became a rallying cry for French indignation. Van Braam read “assassinat" as killed. Washington is said to have been angry with Van Braam when he was informed of the faulty translation. The argument on this point continues to this day. Some say an assassination is the killing of a prominent person—not an” infantry ensign” sent out on a scouting patrol. Jumonville was not a prominent person under this definition. Assassination normally indicates a pre-meditated act, while wilful murder is manslaughter. This parsing of words is similar to the use of the word tragedy. For one’s death to be a tragedy, one must be a prominent person. Under this definition the death of a normal person is not a tragedy.
Van Braam’s translation may be understandable in that assassination was not a word used in normal conversation—although “assassination” had permeated European political intrigue for centuries. Assassin comes from the name of a small Islamic sect involved in secret murders back in the 11th century—they were called assassins. The pronunciation stems from the word hashish, which was offered as a reward to successful assassins.
As the French and Indian War progressed, we find the hatcheting of wounded prisoners to become an all too common practice.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/abetoawl.htm#abenaki
[15] Wilderness Empire, by Allan W. Eckert pgs 245-252
[16] On this day in America, by John Wagman.
[17] America, The Story of US. H2, 4/26/2010
[18] (See Leckey's " History of England in the Eighteenth Century," vol. iii. pp. 453 et seq. See also a clause in the
[19] The Platte Grenadier Battalion Journal:Enemy
View by Bruce Burgoyne, pg 151
[20] I observed marks on the man when I saw him, which was eight or ten days after he came in, partivularly a wound above his right eyebrow, which he had received with the pipe end of a tomahawk; but his back and body generally had been injured. H.B.
[21] Narrative of John Slover
[22] James Funkhouser j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net
Jim Funkhouser j.a.funkhouser@worldnet.att.net 11/10/2007
[23]
[24] Brown Township, p 735 is in History of Linn County, Iowa, published 1878 by Western Historical Company, Chicago. IL.
[25]Transcript made by Parker B. Brown from microfilm at the Reading Room of the Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Sent to Karen Garnett by Dr. Allen W. Scholl, 1220 Franklin Ave., Ashland, OH 44805. (Ancestors of Forrest Roger Garnett Page 454.38-39.)
[26] Wikipedia
[27] Descendants of Elias Gutleben, Alice Email, May 2010.
[28] Descendants of Elias Gutleben, Alice Email, May 2010.
[29] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012
[30] http://iagenweb.org/civilwar/books/logn/mil508.htm
[31] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[32] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.
[33] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.
[34] Memorial to the Jews Deprted from France 1942-1944 by Serge Klarsfeld, page 35.
[35] The Abandonment of the Jews, America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945 by David S. Wymen page 23.
[36] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120629142527.htm
[37] http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120629142412.htm
No comments:
Post a Comment