Every Day is Father’s Day at This Day in Goodlove History”
10,611 names…10,611 stories…10,611 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, June 30
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy
July 1, 69: Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as emperor. This consolidate of Vespasian’s imperial power helped to seal the fate of Jerusalem since the destruction of the Jewish capital was his way of proving that law and order would prevail in the empire.[1]
July 1, 69 - Bataafs nobleman Gaius Julius Civilis proclaimed emperor of Syria[2]
July 1, 70 C.E.: Titus set up battering rams to assault the walls of Jerusalem.[3]
July 1, 985: In Barcelona, several Jewish residents were killed by the Moslem leader Al-Mansur. Many of them were land owners who left no heirs. According to the law, all their lands were given over to the Count of Barcelona. In Spain at this time it was not uncommon for Jews to own vineyards and other lands.[4]
986: ABD AL-RAHMAN AL-SUFI
Abu-l-Husan Abd al-Rahman ibn Omar al-Fufi al-Razi. Born in Ray 903, died 986. One of the greatest Muslim astronomers. Friend and teacher of the Buwayhid sultan Adud al-dawla. His main work is the "Book of the Fixed Stars" illustrated with figures "Kitab al-kawakib al-thabita al-musawwar", one of the three masterpieces of Muslim observational astronomy (the two others being due to Ibn Yunus, first half of the eleventh century, and Ulugh Beg, first half of the fifteenth century).
Fihrist (284). Suter: Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber (62, 1900).[5]
July 1, 1187: On July 1, 1187 Saludin crossed the river Jordan and laid siege Christian held city of Tiberius. The Christian leadership feared a trap, but finally, urged on by many, including the Templar Grand Master, they decided to try to relieve Tiberius. The Crusaders dry and tortuous route would take them past a landmark hill called the Horns of Hattin.
At the Horns of Hattin Salidin’s army was waiting. The Christians were enveloped, and crushed. Thousands of Christians were killed and captured. Nearly all the crusaders were released for ranson, except the Knights of the military orders, the Hospitlars and the Templars.
Following the Battle of Hattin the Knights of the Temple and Hospitlars were executed. This sounds ruthless but one has to realize the Saladin realized these were dangerous foes. [6]
July 1, 1224: Duke Frederick II granted a charter to all Jews under his control which “became the model by which the status of the Jews of Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Silesia, and Poland was regulated.”[7]
1225: Magna Carta reissues for third time in definitive form, Gullaume de Lorris writes “Roman de la Rose”, first English musical round “Sumer is icumen in”, cotton manufactured in Spain, End of Lalibela Emperor of Ethiopia. [8]
1226: Prussia was conquered by the Teutonic Knights, a military religious order, who converted the Prussians to Christianity.[9] Death of St. Francis of Assisi, death of Louis VIII of France – Louis IX the Saint rules, End of Louis VIII and Louis IX (St. Louis) rules France to 1270, Louis VIII of France dies and Louis IX has power in France (St. Louis), Louis VIII of France dies, Blance care-giver of Louis IX, St. Francis of Assisi dies, Franciscans and Dominicans established, Mongol conquest of Xixia is complete, Louis VIII of France dies, Louis IX (age 12) reigns but regent queen commands - Later Louis becomes St. Louis. [10]
July 1, 1348: Child of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault:
Joan
December 19, 1333 or January 28, 1334[120]
July 1, 1348
Was betrothed to Pedro of Castile but died of the plague en route to Castile before the marriage could take place. Pedro's two daughters from his 2nd marriage would later marry Joan's younger brothers John and Edmund.
[11]
July 1, 1388: Jews of Lithuania received a Charter of Privilege.[12]
1389: The Banishment. In 1389, to finish, an edict of banishment was promulgated against the Jews, which prohibits forever their readmission in the city of Strasbourg. This edict, carried out with the letter, remained in force during four centuries and, only, the French revolution again opened the gates of the city to our co-religionist. Expelled of the city and possessions, the Jews were established in general in the neighbouring villages, mainly in Bischeim, Lingolsheim and Wolfisheim. The departure of the Jews of Strasbourg seems to be very precipitated, for they had to give up many goods, among which also liturgical objects were. Thus the Public library had, until 1870, of the Hebraic manuscripts coming from the primitive community, and some synagogaux ornaments. These documents were destroyed at the time of the fire which devastated the library. Among the Jewish goods fallen to the hands from of Strasbourg, also a shofar was. Being unaware of the use of this horn of ram (additional preoof of ignorance or bad once of the clerks of the time), the of Strasbourg one took it fore a horn, manufactured by the Jews, in order to announce to the enemies of the city the moment favorable to an attack. The municipality made some rune two bronze specimens, vovered weapons of the city. The watchers of the cathedral were charged to sound each evening of the “Gruselhorn”, during the closing of the gate of the city, to invite the Jews which were there to leave Strasbourg. They also sounded some at midnight, to recall to the population so called treason Jews. This use was maintained until 1790. One of Gruselhorn was destroyed during the seat of Strasbourg in 1870; the other, damaged , was saved and is with the Historical Museum. Thus the first community Israelite disappeared from Strasbourg, after centuries of an often precarious and always animated existandxe [13] 1389: Wycliff’s Lords Prayer: “Oure fadir that art in hevenes, halwid be thi name.”[14] 1389: The Shroud of Turin and Other Holy Relics. Though many believe that Italy's Shroud of Turin is the burial shroud of Jesus, there's compelling evidence the shroud is in fact a hoax, including a 1389 letter from French Bishop Pierre d'Arcisto Pope Clement stating that a painter confessed to creating it. Indeed, the Bishop's evidence was so convincing that even Pope Clement acknowledged it as a forgery — one of countless faked religious relics circulating at the time. Carbon dating of the Shroud of Turin revealed it does not date back to the time of Christ but instead 14 centuries later — exactly when the forger confessed to making it. Even more damning for its authenticity, there is no record of its existence before then; if it really is the burial shroud of Jesus Christ, it seems suspicious that no one knew anything about it for 1,300 years. Though many remain convinced of its authenticity, the historical and scientific evidence suggest the Shroud of Turin is probably a religious hoax. As researcher Joe Nickell noted in his book "Relics of the Christ" (The University Press of Kentucky, 2007),the shroud on display in Turin is only one of over 40 such Jesus shrouds — all claimed to be the real one. [Who Was Jesus, the Man?][15]1389 to 1398: Vivelin/Gutleben in Colmar.[16] Christian Serbs defeated by Ottoman Turks at Kosovo, death of Hafiz the Persian poet, death of Dimitri IV Donskoi the Grand Duke of Moscow, William of Wukeham named Lord Chancellor of England, Truce between England, Scotland and France, Bajazet I Emir of the Turks, Pope Boniface IX elected at Rome – third pope, Truce in Hundred Years’ War only temporary, end of Pope Urban VI – Boniface IX pope to 1404, Truce between England French and Scots – Richard II assumes power ENG?, Dukes and Lords control government, October 15, Pope Urban VI dies, Pope Boniface IX appointed November 2 (Pietro Tomacelli), Ottoman armies crush Serbs at Kosovo making Serbians vassals. [17]
•July 1, 1492: Daughters of Isabella I and Ferdinand II
•Maria (1482–1517), married Manuel I of Portugal, her sister's widower, had issue.
· A stillborn daughter, twin of Maria. Born July 1, 1482 at dawn.[18]
July 1, 1543: King Henry VIII of England took the opportunity of the regency to propose marriage between Mary and his own son, Prince Edward, hoping for a union of Scotland and England. On July 1, 1543, when Mary was six months old, the Treaty of Greenwich was signed, which promised that at the age of ten Mary would marry Edward and move to England, where Henry could oversee her upbringing.[15] The treaty provided that the two countries would remain legally separate and that if the couple should fail to have children the temporary union would dissolve.[16] However, Cardinal Beaton rose to power again and began to push a pro-Catholic pro-French agenda, which angered Henry, who wanted to break the Scottish alliance with France.[17] Beaton wanted to move Mary away from the coast to the safety of Stirling Castle. Regent Arran resisted the move, but backed down when Beaton's armed supporters gathered at Linlithgow.[18][19]
July 1, 1569: The Union of Lublin joins The Kingdom of Poland and the Great Duchy of Lithuania into a united country called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations. This had to be an improvement in the situation for the Jews of Lithuania who were governed by statutes that read in part, "The Jews shall not wear costly clothing, nor gold chains, nor shall their wives wear gold or silver ornaments. The Jews shall not have silver mountings on their sabers and daggers; they shall be distinguished by characteristic clothes; they shall wear yellow caps, and their wives kerchiefs of yellow linen, in order that all may be enabled to distinguish Jews from Christians." During the 15th and 16th centuries the Jews of Poland enjoyed an increasing amount of political autonomy and economic well being which would come to a crashing end with the Ukrainian uprisings in the 17th centuries. .[20]
July 1st, 1517 - 1st burning of Protestants at stake in Netherlands[21]
July 1st, 1517 - Inquisitor Adrian Boeyens (pope Adrianus VI) becomes cardinal[22]
July 1, 1581: Gregory XIII issued “Antiqua judaeorum improbitas,” a Papal Bull that “authorized the Inquisition directly to handle cases involving Jews, especially those concerning blasphemies against Jesus or Mary, incitement to heresy or assistance to heretics, possession of forbidden books, or the employment of Christian wet nurses.” (Jewish Virtual Library shows the date as June 1, 1581)[23]
July 1, 1651: Poland was victorious over the Cossacks. The Jews were allowed to return to their lands but the society that they had built was gone forever.[24]
July 1, 1656
The first Quakers arrive in America in Boston.[25]
July 1, 1690: The Irish Parliament did not follow the example of the English Parliament; it declared that James remained King and passed a massive bill of attainder against those who had rebelled against him.[118] At James's urging, the Irish Parliament passed an Act for Liberty of Conscience that granted religious freedom to all Roman Catholics and Protestants in Ireland.[119] James worked to build an army in Ireland, but was ultimately defeated at the Battle of the Boyne on July 1, 1690 when William arrived, personally leading an army to defeat James and reassert English control.[120] James fled to France once more, departing from Kinsale, never to return to any of his former kingdoms.[120] Because he deserted his Irish supporters, James became known in Ireland as Séamus an Chaca or 'James the Shit'.[121][122]
Return to exile and death
http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf4/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
The Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, James's home during his final exile
In France, James was allowed to live in the royal château of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.[123] James's wife and some of his supporters fled with him, including the Earl of Melfort; most, but not all, were Roman Catholic.[124][26]\
Monday July 1, 1754:
The Virginians and the South Carolinians arrive back at the Great Meadows after taking more than two days to march thirteen miles. The officers hold a conference and decide the men are too weak and exhausted to try and retreat back across the mountains to Wills Creek (present day Cumberland Maryland). So instead the men begin working on trenches around the stockade to improve the protection for the men. A Virginian named John Ramsay deserts and finds sanctuary with the French army. He tells the French leader, Captain Coulon de Villiers, that the British army is in very poor condition. With this report, the French decide to press on. The Algonquins, some of the Indians with the French army, leave the expedition and return to their homes as they are nervous about being this close to British territory. [27]
July 1, 1754: Mathias Celzar and Renamia ( ), of Frederick
County, to George Cutlip, (pound sign) 40, conveyed to Mathias Celzar by Peter
Carr and Mary, July 1, 1754, on Shanando, 120 acres.[28]
Hugh Stephenson[29] to George Washington, July 1, 1767
BULSKIN July 1st. 1767
SIR!
I am sorry it was not in my power to Come Down according to prommise my bisness Lay so ilconvenent that I Cold not Come which I hope your Honnour will Excuse me for not Comeing at that time and you may Depend upon my Comeing in two or three weeks at the Longest the man that Lives on the Cole Plantation be Low me is now down and is to Let me now when he returns what time Mr. Fairfax will be at home that I mant miss of him when I go Down Mr. Crawford desired me to Let you now that he had spoke to a woman to Spin for you but I do not think it is proper to send her before that he had an oppertunity to send som of her work to you that you mite see if she would sute you[30]
I am Sir your Humble St
HUGH STEPHENSON
July 1, 1769: John Skeen (Skein) and Ingabo his wife of Frederick County to George Goodlip of same for 36 pounds current money of Virginia 100 A on Smith’s Creek in Frederick County.
Three years later that part of Frederick County became part of the new Dunmore County, at the southern end. [31]
July 1, 1775: Maj. G. M. Bedinger’s writings.
Lower Blue Licks May 30th, 1831
…But to attend to your letters, in answer to which I say I do not recollect where I first saw Col. Oldham but am confident he did not belong to our (Capt. Stephensons) company but that Conway Oldham his brother did belong to it, viz. Capt. Hugh Stephensons firs company of riflemen, Stephenson was I think the oldes or first Capt in the revolution Daniel Morgan near the same time marched a company from Frederick County to Cambridge near by Boston, from thence he went to quebeck I think he departed from near Cambridge College about the first of July (July 1) 1775. I remain’d in Stephensons company at Roxbury near Boston at the siege in sight of the enemy about nine months. Thence in the Spring 76 marched to New York Staten Island &c. I was intimately acquainted with Colonel Wm. Oldham on St. Clairs campaign but was not with him when he fell.[32]
July 1, 1775: The New England Restraining Act required New England colonies to trade exclusively with Great Britain as of July 1. An additional rule would come into effect on July 20, banning colonists from fishing in the North Atlantic. [33]
July 1 and 2, 1776: On July 1 and 2, Lee’s Resolution of June 7 was debated by the Congress and on the second day it was adopted unanimously 12-0 (New York not voting.)
For the next two days Jefferson’s draft was discussed, reviewed, revised, deleted., etc. The result was that the draft was unanimously adopted. (There were 86 changes, eliminating of 480 works, leaving 1,337 in final form.)
It was ordered that:
“the declatation bne authenticated and printed That the committee appointed to p;repare the declaration be sent to the several assemblies, conventions and committees, councils ofr safety, and to the several commanding officers of the continental troops, that it be proclaimed tn in each of the United States, and at the head of the army.”
Only 19 of the broadsides are known to have survived , in whole or in partr.[34]
“July 1, 1777: At daybreak we raised anchor.... By evening at seven o’clock we lay at King’s Ferry on Staten Island where we dropped anchor [35]
July 1, 1780: Carl von Clausewitz
Carl Philipp Gottfried von[1] Clausewitz
Clausewitz.jpg
in Prussian service, 1999 painting based on an 1830 original by Karl Wilhelm Wach
Born
(1780-06-01)June 1, 1780
Burg bei Magdeburg, Prussia
Died
November 16, 1831(1831-11-16) (aged 51)
Breslau, Prussia
Allegiance
Kingdom of PrussiaPrussia
(1792–1808, 1813–1831)
RussiaRussian Empire
(1812–1813)
Years of service
1792–1831
Rank
Major-General
Unit
Russian-German Legion
III Corps
Commands held
Kriegsakademie
Battles/wars
Siege of Mainz
Napoleonic Wars
Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz[1] (play /ˈklaʊzəvɪts/; July 1, 1780 – November 16, 1831[2]) was a Prussian soldier and military theorist who stressed the moral (in modern terms, "psychological") and political aspects of war. His most notable work, Vom Kriege (On War), was unfinished at his death.
•Clausewitz espoused a romantic conception of warfare, though he also had at least one foot planted firmly in the more rationalist ideas of the European Enlightenment. His thinking is often described as Hegelian because of his references to dialectical thinking but, although he probably knew Hegel, Clausewitz's dialectic is quite different and there is little reason to consider him a disciple. He stressed the dialectical interaction of diverse factors, noting how unexpected developments unfolding under the "fog of war" (i.e., in the face of incomplete, dubious, and often completely erroneous information and high levels of fear, doubt, and excitement) call for rapid decisions by alert commanders. He saw history as a vital check on erudite abstractions that did not accord with experience. In contrast to Antoine-Henri Jomini, he argued that war could not be quantified or reduced to mapwork, geometry, and graphs. Clausewitz had many aphorisms, of which the most famous is that "War is the continuation of Politik by other means" (Politik being variously translated as 'policy' or 'politics,' terms with very different implications), a description that has won wide acceptance.[3]
Name
Von Clausewitz's Christian names are sometimes given in non-German sources as "Carl Philipp Gottlieb" or "Carl Maria", because of reliance on mistaken source material, conflation with his wife's name, Marie, or mistaken assumptions about German orthography. He spelled his own given name with a "C" in order to identify with the classical Western tradition; writers who wrongly use "Karl" are seeking to emphasize his German identity. "Carl Philipp Gottfried" appears on Clausewitz's tombstone and thus is most likely to be correct.[36]
July 1, 1780: The end of the
contest, however, approached gradually, and on July i, 1780, the
Senate of Virginia passed an act of the Lower House which confirmed
the Baltimore agreement ' ' on condition that the private property and
rights of all persons acquired under, founded on, or recognized by the
laws of either country previous to the date hereof, h£ saved and con-
firmed to them, ' ' etc. ; and Pennsylvania was then prepared, for the
sake of an end to the controversy, to yield even to the humiliating
conditions proposed,[37]
Irvine TO WASHINGTON.
FORT Pitt, July 1, 1782.
Sir: — Your excellency’s letter, of the 22d May did not come to hand till yesterday. The 17th of June I sent one active, intelligent white man with an Indian to explore the country towards Niagara. I shall take the earliest opportunity after their return of communicating their observations to your excellency, if they appear useful. The inclosed copy of a letter to General Lincoln I will inform your excellency of the wishes of the inhabitants of this country, and also of my mode of treating their applications.2 I hope that, as well as
this way of communication, will meet your excellency’s approbation. I would not presume to go on any account without your excellency’s express orders, or at least permission, did I not conceive that before the day appointed for rendezvousing, I will receive information if any movements are intended this way, this campaign, as, by that time, it will be full late enough to undertake anything more than on a small partisan way. By the best accounts I can obtain, we may lay out our accounts to have to fight the Shawanese, Delawares, Wyandots, Mingoes and Monseys; in all, about five hundred. They are all settled in a line from lower Sandusky near Lake Erie, to the heads of the Miami, not more than seventy miles from tile two extremes. Upper Sandusky lies near the center. If all these could be beat at once, it would certainly nearly, if not entirely, put an end to the Indian war in this quarter. Should this be the case, it would be much best that soine continental troops should be convened for a variety of reasons, which I need riot trouble your excellency with an explanation of at present; which are inducements for me to think of going with so few regulars. In a few weeks, I hope to have the fort in a tolerable state of defense against small arms, so that there will be less risk in being absent a few weeks with some of the best of the troops than heretofore.[38]
Irvine to Lincoln
Fort Pitt, July 1, 1782
Dear Sir: My letter of the 16th of June informed you of the defeat of a body of volunteer militia who went against Sandusky [under CoL Wm. Crawford]. That disaster has not abated the ardor or desire for revenge (as they term it) of these people. A number of the most respectable are urging me strenuously to take command of them, and add as many continental officers and soldiers as can be spared; particularly the former, as they attribute the defeat to the want of experience in their officers. They cannot, nor will not, rest under any plan on the defensive, however well executed; and think their only safety depends on the total destruction of all the Indian settlements within two hundred miles; this, it is true, they are taught by dear-bought experience.
They propose to raise by subscription, six or seven hundred men —provision for them for forty days, and horses to carry it, clear of expense to the public, unless government, at its own time, shall think proper to reimburse them. The 1st of August is the ti’me they talk of assembling, if I think proper to encourage them. I am, by no means, fond of such commands, nor am I sanguine in my expectations; but rather doubtful of the consequences;— and yet absolutely to refuse having anything to do with them, when their proposals are so generous and seemingly spirited, I conceive would not do well either; especially, as people generally, particularly in this quarter, are subject to be clamorous, and charge continental officers with want of zeal, activity, and inclination of doing the needful for their protection.
I have declined giving them an immediate, direct answer, and have informed them that my going depends on circumstances; and, in the meantime, I have called for returns of men who may be depended on to go, the subscription of pro. visions, and horses. Time distance to headquarters is so great that it is uncertain whether an express could return in time with the commander-in-chief’s instructions. As you must know whether any movements will take place in this quarter,— or if you are of the opinion it would, on many account, be improper for me to leave the post, I request you would write me by express. But, if no answer arrives before, or about the 1st of August, I will take for granted you have no objection, and that I may act discretionally.
Should it be judged expedient for me to go, the greatest number of regular troops fit to march will not exceed one
hundred. The militia are pressing that I shall take all the continentals along and leave the defense of the post to them; but this I shall by no means do. If circumstances seem to require it, I shall throw in a few militia with the regulars left —but under continental officers.
P. S.— The sooner I am favored with your ideas on the subject the better, particularly if you have objections to the plan; as, in that case, I would not give the people the trouble to assemble.[39]
July 1, 1782
During the night I had a path, but in the morning judged it prudent to forsake the path and take a ridge for a distance of fifteen miles, in a line at right angles to my course, putting back as I went along, with a stick, the weeds which I had bent, lest I should be tracked by the enemy. I lay the next on the waters of Muskingum; the nettles had been troublesome to me after my crossing the Scioto, having nothing to defend myself but the piece of a rug which I had found and which while I rode I used under me by way of a saddle; the briars and thorns were now painful too, and prevented me from traveling in the night until the moon appeared. [40]
July 1, 1782: Long before the signature of the treaties Rockingham died (July 1, 1782). The king chose Lord Shelburne, the head of the Chatham section of the government, to be prime minister. Fox and the followers of Rockingham refused to serve except under the Duke of Portland, a minister of their own selection, and resigned office. The old constitutional struggle of the reign was now to be fought out once more.[41]
July 1, 1831: John Goodlove was born in Clarke Co., O., November 2, 1825, and married Margaret E. Staple, who was born July 1, 1831. She was the daughter of Captain William F. Staple, who was lost at sea in 1838. The death of John Goodlove occurred at Quincy, in Logan Co., in 1856, and he was buried in the cemetery at that place. His widow married D. H. McKinnon, then of Logan Co., O., now of Clay Co., Ill. On this family line comes Dr. William M. Goodlove, born October. 15, 1846, in Clarke Co., O., near Springfield, and also near Pleasant Hill Church, where all the deceased relatives of the late John Goodlove are interred.[42]
July 1, 1837 – General Wool was relieved from duty at his own request, with Colonel William Lindsey taking his place in command of the troops in the Cherokee Nation East.[43]
July 1, 1858: Lyell and Hooker agreed that a joint paper should be presented at the Linnean Society, and on July 1, 1858, the papers entitled On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, by Wallace and Darwin respectively, were read out but drew little reaction. While Darwin considered Wallace's idea to be identical to his concept of natural selection, historians have pointed out differences. Darwin described natural selection as being analogous to the artificial selection practised by animal breeders, and emphasised competition between individuals; Wallace drew no comparison to selective breeding, and focused on ecological pressures that kept different varieties adapted to local conditions.[42][43][44]
July 1 1863: In April-May 1863 the 18th Cav skirmished with Federal forces in the western counties of Virginia. In June-July General Lee sent Imboden on raids in against Federal positions in -- Co., Va., Cumberland, Md., Berkeley Springs, Va., and Fulton and Franklin Counties, Pa., to protect Lee’s right flank as the main army moved into Pa. in the campaign that culminated at Gettysburg, July 1-4. During the Battle of Gettysburg Imboden’s Brigade formed Lee’s rear guard and defended the wagon trains of Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia as it retreated from Gettysburg. [44]
July 1-3, 1863: Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.[45]
Fri. July 1[46] [47][48], 1864:
Drilled twice was very hot
Wrote a letter to M.R. Hunter
Give 50 cts to buy col Wilds[49] a sword[50][51]
July 1, 1864: In a letter written from Thibodaux on July 1, 1864, Rigby confessed to his younger brother, "I am getting tired of this kind of life. Any kind of service is preferable to it. For my part I prefer to campaign all the time & am restless when we are in camp." [56] [56] Letter;WTR to brother July 1, 1864.[52]
July 1, 1864: While the regiment was stationed at Thibodaux, John C. Starr of Company B from Tipton died on July 1 of "congestion of the brain." His death was the last suffered by the regiment during its service in Louisiana. [57] I[53]
July 1, 1867: Lavenia Stephenson: . Born on April 13, 1853 in Missouri. Lavenia died in Missouri on July 1, 1867; she was 14. Buried in Stephenson Cemetery, Chariton County, Missouri. [54]
July 1, 1867: The North German Confederation (in German, Norddeutscher Bund), came into existence in 1867, following the dissolution of the German Confederation. Formed by 22 states of northern Germany, it was effectively a transitional grouping, lasting only until the founding of the German Empire in 1871. However, it cemented Prussian control over northern Germany, and emanated that same control via the Zollverein (Customs Union) into southern Germany. Notably, the Confederation excluded both Austria and Bavaria.
The Confederation came into being after Prussia defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. Otto von Bismarck created the constitution, which came into force on 1 July, 1867, with the King of Prussia, Wilhelm I, as its President, and Bismarck as Chancellor. The states were represented in the Bundesrat (Federal Council) with 43 seats (of which Prussia held 17), while the people elected the Norddeutscher Reichstag (North German Diet).[55]
Summer 1867: The Grand Cyclops of the Pulaski “den” called a convention in Nashville in the summer of 1867. At this meeting, attended by delegates from Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and other states the society was reorganized, a statement of principles adopted, officers appointed and assigned to different territories. The Klan was designated “the Invisible Empire.” Its principles included “all that is chivalric in conduct, noble in sentiment, generous in manhjood and patriotic in purpose.” Its more specific objects were: (1) “To protect the weak, the innocent, the defenseless, from the indignities, wrongs, and outrages of the lawless, the vioent, and the brutal; to relieve the injured and oppressed, to succor the suffereing and unfortunate and especially the widows and orphans of Confederate soldiers. (2) To protect and defend the Constitution of the Unioted States, and all laws passed in conformity thereto and to protect the states and the people thereof from all invasion from any source whatever. (3) To aid and assist in aid and assist in the execution of all constitutional laws and to protect the people from all unlawful seizure and from trial exept by their peers in conformity with the laws of the land.”[56]
July 1, 1898: Upon the 1898 Declaration of War launching the Spanish–American War, Roosevelt resigned from the Navy Department. With the aid of U.S. Army Colonel Leonard Wood, Roosevelt found volunteers from cowboys from the Western territories to Ivy League friends from New York, forming the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. The newspapers called them the "Rough Riders."
Originally, Roosevelt held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and served under Colonel Wood. In Roosevelt's own account, The Rough Riders, "after General Young was struck down with the fever, Wood took charge of the brigade. This left me in command of the regiment, of which I was very glad, for such experience as we had had is a quick teacher."[46] Accordingly, Wood was promoted to Brigadier General of Volunteer Forces, and Roosevelt was promoted to Colonel and given command of the Regiment.[46]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/TR_San_Juan_Hill_1898.jpg/220px-TR_San_Juan_Hill_1898.jpg
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Colonel Roosevelt and the Rough Riders after capturing San Juan Hill
Under his leadership, the Rough Riders became famous for dual charges up Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898 (the battle was named after the latter "hill," which was the shoulder of a ridge known as San Juan Heights). Out of all the Rough Riders, Roosevelt was the only one with a horse, as the troopers' horses had been left behind because transport ships were scarce. He rode back and forth between rifle pits at the forefront of the advance up Kettle Hill, an advance that he urged in absence of any orders from superiors. He was forced to walk up the last part of Kettle Hill on foot, because of barbed wire entanglement and after his horse, Little Texas, tired.
For his actions, Roosevelt was nominated for the Medal of Honor, which was later disapproved. As historian John Gable wrote, "In later years Roosevelt would describe the Battle of San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898, as 'the great day of my life' and 'my crowded hour.'.... (but) Malaria and other diseases now killed more troops than had died in battle. In August, Roosevelt and other officers demanded that the soldiers be returned home."
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Medal of Honor
In 2001, Roosevelt was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions. He was the first and, to date, is the only President of the United States to be awarded America's highest military honor, and the only person in history to receive both his nation's highest honor for military valor and the world's foremost prize for peace.[47]
After return to civilian life, Roosevelt preferred to be known as "Colonel Roosevelt" or "The Colonel." As a moniker, "Teddy" remained much more popular with the public, despite the fact he found it vulgar and called it "an outrageous impertinence."[48] Political friends and others working closely with Roosevelt customarily addressed him by his rank.[57]
July 1, 1920: Midway through the next week the Hopkinton Leader was able to report, “The petitions for the proposed consolidated district at Buck Creek have been generally signed and some of them have been filed. There is a due process of law to follow before the election can be held. Reports are very favorable for the success of the project”.[58]
July 1, 1926: Early each July the board scheduled an afternoon at the school when they would sit and receive bids for the various routes. As was stated in its July 1, 1926, announcement, the board reserved “the right to reject any or all bids.” In practice, though, only members of the Buck Creek Church bid successfully.[59]
July 1, 1941
A voluminous report issued by Dannecker draws a detaild picture of the Jewish population of Paris, which has fallen from 149,934 on October 19, 1940, to 139,979 in the spring of 1941. The report counts 34,557 children under 15 years of age, 24.7 percent of the total Jewish population. The numbers reported for the next age group, those aged 15 through 25, are strikingly small: only 3,838, or 2.8 percent of the total, apparently because they are prisoners of war, in hiding, or simply have refused to comply with the Jewish census.[60]
July 1, 1941: German forces occupy Riga.[61]
July 1-August 31, 1941: Eisatzgruppe D,Wehrmacht forces, and Escalon Special, a Romanian unit, kill between 150,000 and 160,000 Jews in Bessarabia.[62]
July 1, 1942: Eichmann, who commands Gestapo anti-Jewish activities in all countries conquered by Germany, arrives in Paris for a two day visit and meetings with Dannecker on the approaching mass roundup of Jews. The report on their talks is prepared by Eichmann and signed by both men July 1. The document envisages a Final Solution in France bgy the deportation as rapidly as possible of all Jews in the country, beginning with those in the Occupied Zone in convoys on an almost daily basis. The results sought are both radical and optimistic; the report asserts that the Occupied Zone presents no problems in supplying Jews and that the Unoccupied Zone will follow suit, thanks to pressures that will overcome the reticence of the French government. The report is immediately transmitted to Knochen, for whom it is really intended, and who probably has assured Eichmann at a meeting the evening before that he will exert whatever pressure is needed. The prior evening’s meeting brings together the heads of SiPo-SD and the Jewish Affairs offices in the Occupied Zone outside Paris to discuss “unifying their work and giving them policy directives.” The meeting’s minutes, attached to the Eichmann report, declare that their goal is “to purge the country of all Jews, in an absolute way, so that they only remain in Paris, where their final deportation will take place. [63]
July 1, 1942: The Sicherheitspolizei takes over the Westerbork internment camp.[64]
July 1, 1942: After writing his report on the July 4 meeting with Bousquet, Dannecker sends Eichmann an urgent telex to inform him of the outcome of the decisive negotioations that have gone on since Eichmann’s departure from Paris on July 1. Dannecker prefers not to begin with his desappoiting news; French Jews will not be arrested, at least for the time being. He leaves it to Eichmann to deuce this from the agreement he reports; “All stateless Jews of the Occupied Zone and the Unoccupied Zone will be readied for evacutation when we order it.” He feels constrained at the end of the telex to specify further; “To close, I must note that until the present we have only been able to settle the question of stateless or foreign Jews to get the action started.” Dannecker ends on an optimistic note: “In the second phase we will attend to the Jews naturalized in France after 1919 or 1927.”
In this telex, Dannecker raises the problem of Jewish children in two sentences that will forever be written in the history of France, because they originate with the head of the French government.
July 1, 2005: Zeuzleben
Zeuzleben
Municipality of Werneck
Coordinates:
49° 99083 N, 10° 5′ O 49.97611111111110.076666666667219Coordinates: 49° 58′ 34″ N, 10° 4 ' 36″ O (Map ))
Height:
219 m above sea level
Inhabitants:
992 (July 1, 2005)
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View of the village
•Zeuzleben is a part of the municipality of Werneck in the Bavarian District of Schweinfurt in lower Franconia.
Geographical location
The village lies north of the River Wern in a valley.
Geology
The soil consists of Muschelkalk heights. Zeuzleben has quarries, deciduous forests and farmland.
History
Prehistoric finds
The prehistoric necropolis of Zeuzleben contained 15 mostly decapitated horses, to 4 large dogs, who were single, double and triple buried and are mostly not human grave sites related to contact, and a woman's grave with car addition, which emerged 530-540 in the Merovingian period . A scale replica of the tomb of Franconian open air museum Bad Windsheim was built at the Archaeological museum and can be visited there. [1]
First mention
876, Zeuzleben had its first documentary mention. Previously used place names are "Zutilebe" and "Zuzeleibe" and probably a paraphrase of "Heritage of Zuto".
Culture and sights
Buildings
Zeuzleben is the 1753-1754-built Catholic Church of St. Bartholomew. In addition, the oldest Bildstock in the District of Schweinfurt, which dates from 1536 stands on the village square.[65]
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/69
[3] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[4] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[5] http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam16.html
[6] The Knights Templar, American Home Treasures DVD, 2001.
[7] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[8] mike@abcomputers.com
[9] http://www.kolpack.com/packnet/prussial.html
[10] mike@abcomputers.com
[11] Wikipedia
[12] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[13] amirothe@netvision.net.il, History of the
Fews of Strasbourg Chief rabbi Max Warchawski.
[14] Trial by Fire, by Harold Rawlings, page 24.
[15] http://news.yahoo.com/history-religious-hoaxes-132526660.html
[16] Die mittelalterliche Arzte-Familie,, Gutleben” page 93.
[17] mike@abcomputers.com
[18] Wikipedia
[19] Wikipedia
[20] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[21] http://www.historyorb.com/events/january/22
[22] http://www.historyorb.com/events/january/22
[23] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[24] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[25] On this Day in America by John Wagman.
[26] Wikipedia
[27] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[28] EHB Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish Settlement in Virginia (Extracted from the Original Court Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800), Chalkley, 1912, Volume III, page 391: Page 52---[28]
[Note 2: 2 Hugh Stephenson, son of Richard Stephenson, of Frederick County, was, on Washington’s recommendation, appointed in March, 1776, colonel of the regiment of Virginia riflemen, but died shortly after his appointment.]
[30] Letters to Washington and Accompanying Papers. Published by the Society of the Colonial Dames of American. Edited by Stanislaus Murray Hamilton.--vol. 03
The George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799
[31] Jim Funkhouser
[32] The George M. Bedinger Papers in the Draper Manuscript Collection, Transcribed and indexed by Craig L. Heath pg,75.
[33] http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/king-george-endorses-new-england-restraining-act
[34] The Northern Light, Vol. 9 No. 5 November 1978, Declaration of Independence, by Ronald E. Heaton and Harold V. B. Voorhis. Page 12.
[35] The Platte Grenadier Battalion Journal:Enemy
View by Bruce Burgoyne, pg 151
[36] Wikipedia
[37] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924017918735/cu31924017918735_djvu.txt
[38] Washington-Irvine Correspondence, Butterfield, 1882
[39] Washington-Irvine Correspondence by Butterfield pages 174-176
[40] Narrative of John Slover
[41] http://www.nndb.com/people/948/000068744/
[42] History of Logan County, Ohio. 1880 pp.691-692
http://www.heritagepursuit.com/Logan/LoganRushCreek.htm
[43] Timetable of Cherokee Removal.
[44] Jim Funkhouser email, June 16, 2010.
[45] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012
[46] Stationed at Charlestown, West Virginia, July-August 1864.
(Supplement to the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Part II Record of Events Volume 20 Serial no. 32. Broadfoot Publishing Company Wilmington, NC 1995.)
[47] Iowa 24th Infantry; 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, 13th Army Corps, Dept. Tennessee, to August, 1863. and Dept. of the Gulf to June, 1864. District of LaFourche, Dept. Gulf, to July, 1864.
[48] While the regiment was stationed at Thibodaux, John C. Starr of Company B from Tipton died on July 1 of "congestion of the brain." His death was the last suffered by the regiment during its service in Louisiana. [57] Ibid.; Roster & Record, Volume 3, p. 879; Letter, WTR to brother July 7,1864. Wilds was promoted colonel on June 8, 1864. He was seriously wounded in the Battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia, on October 19, 1864, and died in a Winchester hospital on November 18.
[49] John Q. Wilds was born at Littleton, Pennsylvania, October 24th, 1792. His ancestors, who were among the elarliest settlers in the Keystone State, belonged to the old line whig school of politics. When seven years of age, death deprived him of the counsel and advice of a kind and indulgent father. This threw him, comparatively, upon his own resources, and he was tossed like a foot-fall upon the orld’s great highway, to battle with the stern realities of life. Although unable to obtain a classic educationk, he secured for himself by perseverance and hard study, a general knowledgeable of the the common English branches, which , combined with sound Judgment and good business tact. V. as the talisman of his success in after life. His earlier years were spent as a tiller of the soil, one of the most honorable and independent avocations in which man can embark. From 1850 to 1854, he was enganged successfully in mercantile pursueits at his native town. But he soon became restless. “No pent-up Utica” like the crowded cities of the east afforded charms form longer, and bidding farewell to home, friends, and the scenes of his childhood, he turned his gaze westward. Iowa was his choice among all the northwestern states, and he soon found himself within her borders, without the remotest thought that future events would at one day lead him to add luster to her reputation, and defend her honor and integrity would at one day lead him to add luster to her reputation,, and defend her honor and integrity with his hearts blood. Settling in the thriving and pleasant village of Mount Vernon in Linn county, he engaged in selling goods and speculation in lands, and as every honest man will do, he met with almost unbounded success. It was at Mount Vernon where the writer of this sketch became acquainted with John Q. Wilds. When a small boy I was emploved in his store, and it was then I learned to love and respect him for his kind manner and gentle disposition, the recollection of which can nerer be readicated from my memory. During the Kansas troubles, I well remembered the interest he manifested in behalf o f the cause of freedom and humanity, and it was with the greatest difficulty that his friends dissuaded him from rushing to the arena of combat. For a time he was engaged in merchandising with Messrs. Waln and Griffinn, two estimable gentlemen at Mount Vernon; after which, if I remember rightly, he was alone in business again. In 1857, he was united in marriage to Miss Rowena Camp, a yound lady of excellent qualities of head and heart, who with their two pledges of married life, passed away to the land of shadows in the fall of 1864. The war came and John Q. Wilds’ patriotic impulses would not permit him to stand aloof when the liberties of his country were in peril Sometime during the summer of 181, he was elected captain of company “A,” 13th Iowa Infantry, theregiment being commanded by the lamented Crocker. Serving with this regiment a short time, he resigned to accept the Lieut. Colonelcy of the 24th Iowa Infantry, which was raised under the President’s proclamation of July 2d, 1862, calling for three hundred thousand volunteers. This regiment was sometimes called “ The Iowa Temperance Regiment” or “Methodist Regiment, “ because of the strict piety of so many of its members, and their supreme contempt for the god Bacchus. The reimant rendezvoused near Muscatine with the 35th at Camp StrongWhen medical inspection took place it was ascertained that the regiment was more than full, and the excess was transferred to the 35th. On the 20th of October; Col. Wilds proceeded with the regiment to Helena, Arkansas, where they remained during the winter, goin out occasionally on expeditions in search of the enemy. On the morning of January 11th, 1863, the regiment embarked with ‘Gen. Gorman’s White River Expedition, enduring great trials and hardships. After the return to Helena a general reorganization took place preparatory to active spring operations, and the 24th was attached to the 13th corps. Having been subjected to the skillful instructions of Lieut. Col. Wilds, it added materially to the efficiency and discipling of the corps. Lieut. Col. Wilds took part in the campaign against Vicksburg, and was engaged in the battle of Port Hudson; after which, himself and command did much “marching, skirmishing and foraging.” In the battle of Champion Hills, which was fought on the 16th of May, and undoubtedly one of the hardest fought battles of the war, the officers and men composing the 24th, displayed a bravery and gallantry unexcelled, losing one hundred and ninety five killed, wounded and captured, out of the four hundred and seventeen who entered the contest. In the siege of Vicksburg, no less famous than was that of Antwerp, the regiment acquitted itself nobly. About this time the Colnonel of the regiment, E. C. Byam, an excellent gentlemen and fine officer, “was compelled to leave the wervie by reason of ill health.” Lieut. Col. Wilds then took faithful conscientious charge,” and led his command through the Red River Expedition and battle of Sabine Cross Roads.
However, in the conflict only a portion of the regiment was engaged. After this battle, which occurred on April 8, 1864, the regiment went by sea to Fortress Monroe, thence by steamer to Washington City, thence to the Shenandoah Valley where it joined Gen. Sheridan and fought the battle of Winchester. In this contest, Col. Wilds, Major Wright, and in fact, all the officers and men fought with the most undaunted courage. Among many others who were wounded was Adj. Daniel W. Camp of Mounty Vernon, brother in law to Col. Wilds. The next engagement in which the regiment participated, was Fisher’s Hill. The loss of the regiment was the 19th of October the battle of Cedar Creek was fought, and in which the subject of this sketch was mortally wounded. He was removed immediately to Winchester, where after much suffering, death closed his earthly career on the 18th of November 1864. Speaking of the part taken by the 28th Iowas in the battle of Cedar Creek, Mr. Ingersoll in his well written “Iowa and the Rebellion”, says: In this engagement there were two regiments besides the 28th from Iowa, the 22nd, Col. Harvey Graham, and the 24th Col. John Q. Wilds. These were prominent in the action and lost many officers and men hors du combat. Col. Wils on this field received this wound from which he soon afterwards died. It is a melancholy fact that soon afterwards his name can onlylive in the grateful recollection of his countrymen, who can never forget his long career of usefulness and gallantry.” His regiment, by which he was almost idolized, held a meeting at Camp Russell, Va., on the 22nd of Nov. 1864, take action concerning his death, Lieut. Col. Wright having been called upon to preside, T. L. Smith was elected Secretary. Brief and appropriate remarks were made by several persons, while many shed bitter tears of anguish over the loss of their fallen chief. The following resolutions were presented and unanimously adopted:
Resolved, that the death of Col. Wilds has filled our hearts with grief; has torn asunder associations of respect and affection, which, extending back throught the perios od our organization has only deepened and strengthened as time passed. In Col. Wilds, we remember an officer who was alsays at his post, and ever filled his position with true soldierly dignity. During the existence of the regiment he has had but few days of relief from duty, and in the severest of its campaigns, and in the bloodiest of it engagements, his skill and courage have inspired its actions In addition to these qualities of the soldier, we remember especially those kindly feelings, that warm personal interest and sympathy which he extended to every member of his command. Truly unselfish, and delicately sensible to the trials and hardships of the soldier, he has left in the hearts of us all, indelible impressions which will ever cluster gently around the memory of our commander and friend.
Resolved, That we accord to the relatives and friends of the deceased our deepest sympathy in their lass, and the sorrow it must cause; while at the same time we sould remind them that the death of our mutual friend was one of honor that he gave his life, as he had his service, to his country for the preservation of those institutions and that government through whose instrumentality our freedom and happiness can alone ge secured.
John Q. Wilds was considerably above the medium height, tall and wiry in form , very much after the Lincoln style of man. Possessing a keen scrutinizing eye, he never failed to observe all that was transpiring around him, and being an excellent judge of human nature he was enabled to form accurate opinions of those with whom he ws thrown in contact. Fank and free in his manner, yet reserved on all proper occasions when discretion demanded reticence. He was one of those men who would never knowingly wrong his fellow man, and his generosity led him to sympathize with all those in misfortune. In truth, he was beloved and respected by all who were fortunate enough to make his acquaintance. No man was more thoroughly imbued with the spirit of patriotism than he. But he has gone! A brave and noble spirit has passed away to the land of the hereafter. A record has been left behind pure and spotless, untarnished by any dishonorable act during his eventful career. In order to did in the preservation of the fairest and noblest babric of constitutional freedom ever erected by man, he has lain down his life with that same sublime heroism which renders man almost immortal in every age and clime where human liberty is revered:
“As the bird to its sheltering rest,
When the storm on the hills is abroad,
So his spirit has flown from this world of unreal, to repose on the bosom of God”
James P. C. Poulton
Annals of Iowa, July, 1866. http://wwwpast2present.org
[50] On July 4, the troops celebrated Independence Day with speeches, singing, and music, and a sword was presented to Colonel Wilds by the noncommissioned officers and privates that cost $200. Captain Rigby was pleased by the presentation and noted in a letter to his brother: "I am glad the Regt. has made the present. The Col. has been very faithful ever since he has been with us & whatever his faults he has been uniformly kind & considerate to his men. I am sure he will prize the gift as highly as any one could." [57] Ibid.; Roster & Record, Volume 3, p. 879; Letter, WTR to brother July 7,1864. Wilds was promoted colonel on June 8, 1864. He was seriously wounded in the Battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia, on October 19, 1864, and died in a Winchester hospital on November 18.
[51] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[52] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove
[53] bid.; Roster & Record, Volume 3, p. 879;
[54] www.frontierfolk.net/ramsha_research/families/Stephenson.rtf
[55] http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/a/amhessians.htm
[56] The Ku Klux Klan: A Study of the American Mind, by John Moffatt Mecklin, Ph. D. 1924, page 64.
[57] Wikipedia
[58] Hopkinton Leader: There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 189.
[59] There Goes the Neighborhood, Rural School Consolidation at the Grass Roots in Twentieth Century Iowa, by David R. Reynolds, page 218-219.
[60] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial, by Serge Klarsfeld, page 18.
[61] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.
[62] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1766.
[63] French Children of the Holocaust, A Memorial, by Serge Klarsfeld, page 34.
[64] Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, Editor, page 1772.
[65] Web links Zeuzleben on werneck.de
Commons: Zeuzleben -collection of images, videos and audio files
External links ↑ the Merovingian cemetery of Zeuzleben, retrieved on May 5,
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