Every Day is Independence Day at “This Day in Goodlove History”
10,614 names…10,614 stories…10,614 memories
This Day in Goodlove History, July 9
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Jeff Goodlove email address: Jefferygoodlove@aol.com
Surnames associated with the name Goodlove have been spelled the following different ways; Cutliff, Cutloaf, Cutlofe, Cutloff, Cutlove, Cutlow, Godlib, Godlof, Godlop, Godlove, Goodfriend, Goodlove, Gotleb, Gotlib, Gotlibowicz, Gotlibs, Gotlieb, Gotlob, Gotlobe, Gotloeb, Gotthilf, Gottlieb, Gottliebova, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlow, Gutfrajnd, Gutleben, Gutlove
The Chronology of the Goodlove, Godlove, Gottlob, Gottlober, Gottlieb (Germany, Russia, Czech etc.), and Allied Families of Battaile, (France), Crawford (Scotland), Harrison (England), Jackson (Ireland), LeClere (France), Lefevre (France), McKinnon (Scotland), Plantagenets (England), Smith (England), Stephenson (England?), Vance (Ireland from Normandy), Washington, Winch (England, traditionally Wales), including correspondence with George Rogers Clark, Thomas Jefferson, and ancestors William Henry Harrison, Andrew Jackson and George Washington.
The Goodlove Family History Website:
http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/g/o/o/Jeffery-Goodlove/index.html
The Goodlove/Godlove/Gottlieb families and their connection to the Cohenim/Surname project:
• New Address! http://www.familytreedna.com/public/goodlove/default.aspxy
July 9, 118: Hadrian, Rome's new emperor, made his entry into the Imperial City. Regardless of how history remembers him, for Jews, Hadrian is the Emperor who helped to start the Third Rebellion against Rome. In this case it was the lead by Bar Kochba and supported by Rabbi Akiva. It lasted from 132 until 135. It was the last uprising against Rome and really marked the beginning of the end of a vital Jewish community in Palestine.[1]
120 A.D.
St. Hermes Wall
St. Hermes WallCredit: Roma Sotterranea, 1869This drawing, which appears in the Roma Sotterranea, 1869, shows a wall of a Roman catacomb as it appeared in the mid-19th century. Some of the niches are still sealed. This part of the catacomb was named after St. Hermes who died in A.D. 120. The remains date to centuries after that. [2]
AD 120 - Christians in Alexandria replace Sabbath observance with Sunday worship. Two fifth-century church historians, Socrates Scholasticus and Sozomen:
"The situation in Rome and Alexandria, however, was not typical of the rest of early Christianity. In these two cities there was an evident early attempt by Christians to terminate observance of the seventh-day Sabbath, but elsewhere throughout the Christian world Sunday observance simply arose alongside observance of Saturday."
Two fifth-century church historians, Socrates Scholasticus and Sozomen: "For although almost all churches throughout the world celebrate the sacred mysteries [the Lord's Supper] on the Sabbath [Saturday] of every week, yet the Christians of Alexandria and at Rome, on account of some ancient tradition, have ceased to do this. The Egyptians in the neighborhood of Alexandria, and the inhabitants of Thebais, hold their religious assemblies on the Sabbath, but do not participate of the mysteries in the manner usual among Christians in general: for after having eaten and satisfied themselves with food of all kinds, in the evening making their offerings they partake of the mysteries."
"The people of Constantinople, and almost everywhere, assemble together on the Sabbath, as well as on the first day of the week, which custom is never observed at Rome or at Alexandria. There are several cities and villages in Egypt where, contrary to the usage established elsewhere, the people meet together on Sabbath evenings, and, although they have dined previously, partake of the mysteries."
Strand comments: "Thus, even as late as the fifth century almost the entire Christian world observed both Saturday and Sunday for special religious services. Obviously, therefore, Sunday was not considered a substitute for the Sabbath."[4,5,6][3]
July 9, 507: At Daphne (near Antioch in Syria), a sporting event was held in the form of a chariot race between two parties, the Greens and the Whites. For no apparent reason, the supporters of the greens attacked the local synagogue killing those Jews who were inside.[4]
511 A.D. Clovis died of an unknown cause in 511 A.D. His brutality had been legendary. But it would not define his legacy. He had united the barbarian tribes of France into one emerging superpower, the Franks. He had also forged a crucial alliance with the increasingly influencial Roman Catholic Church. In so doing he had proven to be a stabilizing force at a time when it could only be called dangerous and dark. [5]
519 CE: Ravenna, Italy. After the local synagogues were burned down by the local mob, the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great orders the town to rebuild them at its own expense.[6]
Jewish Worship, Pagan Symbols
Zodiac mosaics in ancient synagogues
Walter Zanger • 08/24/2012
http://dbcfaa79b34c8f5dfffa-7d3a62c63519b1618047ef2108473a39.r81.cf2.rackcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/synagogue-zodiacs-01-232x300.jpg
AN INCREDIBLE FIND. In December 1928, a work crew from kibbutz Beth Alpha was digging a drainage channel when mosaic pieces began to appear in their shovel loads.
Ein Harod is a spring that rises in the valley of Jezreel at the foot of Mt. Gilboa. Gideon gathered his men there to sort out the good soldiers from the bad ones (Judges 7). From the pool, the spring makes its weary and meandering way east down the valley for some 18 km, passing through Beth-Shean to empty into the Jordan River.
A thousand years of neglect had resulted in a valley full of silted and blocked-up waterways creating a marshy and swampy landscape as the spring of Harod—and half a dozen other springs that empty into it—filled the land with water faster than the natural outlets—now blocked—could drain it.
That was the scene that greeted the first modern settlers of the valley of Jezreel. And it was obvious that their first task, if they hoped to farm this land, was to drain the swamps. Thus it happened that at the end of December 1928 a work crew from kibbutz Beth Alpha (founded 6 years earlier) was digging yet another drainage canal when someone’s shovel started picking up pieces of mosaic.
Work on the channel stopped at once. They called the Hebrew University (then all of 3 years old!) and within a fortnight Eliezer Lippa Sukenik1 and Nahman Avigad had begun to excavate the site. Work began on January 9, 1929, and continued for 7 weeks, until February 26, despite heavy rains (610 mm instead of the usual 400 mm) that flooded the valley that year.
The mosaic they uncovered was almost complete, its astonishing preservation caused by a layer of plaster, thrown down from the ceiling by the earthquake that destroyed the building, that covered and protected the floor from the damage of falling stones. When it was completely exposed, the mosaic measured 28 meters long and 14 meters wide. It had an inscription at the doorway leading to three panels in the central apse: a rectangular panel, a square panel with a circle in the middle, and then another rectangle at the far end.
The middle square, the first to be uncovered, was the most spectacular. Figures of four women were at the four corners, with inscriptions (in Hebrew) identifying each as a season of the year. Inside the square was a wheel, 3.12 meters in diameter, with a smaller circle (1.2 m) in its center. The wheel was divided into 12 panels, each with a figure and a name identifying it as a sign of the zodiac. And in the center, a man was pictured driving a quadriga (four-horse chariot) through the moon and stars. Rays of the sun were coming out of his head; it was clear that he was Helios, god of the sun.
http://dbcfaa79b34c8f5dfffa-7d3a62c63519b1618047ef2108473a39.r81.cf2.rackcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/synagogue-zodiacs-02-260x284.jpg
In the square panel of the Beth Alpha mosaic was a zodiac wheel with all 12 symbols and names of the zodiac, surrounded by four female figures at the corners, identifying the seasons of the year. Credit: Art Resource, NY
What had they found? Could this have been the temple of a Jewish community (it had to be Jewish; everything was written in Hebrew and Aramaic) turned pagan? Further digging dispelled that notion, for there, just above the central square of the mosaic, they found a mosaic panel of symbols instantly familiar to any Jew of that century (or this): the Ark of the Covenant (aron kodesh), eternal light (ner tamid), seven-branched candelabrum (menorah), palm frond (lulav), citron (etrog), and an incense shovel (mahta).2
Many of the symbols included in the uppermost mosaic panel reaffirmed the Jewish nature of the synagogue at Beth Alpha: the Ark of the Covenant at the center (aron kodesh), eternal light (ner tamid), two seven-branched candelabra (menorot; plural, menorah), palm frond (lulav), citron (etrog), and an incense shovel (mahta). From these items it takes the type name of a synagogue panel.
Then, in a third panel, closer to the front door, they uncovered a scene easily recognizable to anyone who knows the Bible. We are in Genesis 22, and Abraham is about to sacrifice Isaac. In case we might have forgotten our Bible class, the names of the principals—Abraham, Isaac and the ram—are spelled out in inscriptions above their heads, and the hand of God stopping the sacrifice is clearly marked with the words “do not put forth your hand [against the lad].”
In the lower rectangular panel, closer to the door, the familiar story of Genesis 22 is depicted on the mosaic. Abraham is preparing to sacrifice Isaac (at right) as the hand of God reaches from heaven to stop him. Nearby the ram is caught with its horns in a thicket, and a servant waits at far left with the donkey. This type of scene came to be known as a righteous ancestors panel and is found in several other synagogue mosaics.
So this was definitely a synagogue, a Jewish house of worship, in a basilica building that dates to about 520 C.E.3 The building was destroyed in an earthquake soon after it was built,4 hence the near-perfect preservation of its mosaic floor; their misfortune became our good fortune. And because Beth Alpha is the best preserved of the seven synagogues we know, we use it here as the basis for our discussion.5
Now, of course, we have problems. We know that Jewish life moved to the Galilee after the total destruction of Jewish Jerusalem that followed the Bar-Kokhba Revolt of the 130s C.E. We are, therefore, not surprised to have found—and to keep finding—synagogues from the following centuries all over the Galilee and Golan. It isn’t the synagogues themselves that are the problem; it is the decorations in them. What in heaven’s name were they doing? How could they be making pictures, especially in the synagogue? Didn’t they know the second commandment?
You shall not make for yourself a graven image or any likeness of what is in the heavens above or on the earth below or in the waters under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them” (Exodus 20:4–5)
That problem is not as formidable as it first appears. The second commandment can be read in several ways because the Hebrew original of this text is entirely without vowels and punctuation points. We, writing English, have put in a period after the word “earth.”6 But if the period weren’t there, the verse could be read as a long conditional clause: “make no graven images … which you worship.” In this case it’s not the making that is prohibited, but the worshiping. Historically, the Jewish community often understood that it was acceptable to make images as long as one doesn’t worship them. And there is, consequently, a long and varied history of Jewish art, beginning with the cherubim over the Ark in the desert (Exodus 25:18), recorded presumably not long after the giving of the Commandments, and without protest.
A second problem is less easily resolved. The zodiac is pagan religion. It is what we see in the horoscope in every weekend newspaper on earth, generally the stuff of amusement. We know this system; it is based on the (extraordinary) assumption that the stars control the earth and that what happens on earth is a result of influences from what happens in the sky. All we need in order to understand the earth (that is, about our destiny) is to understand the stars. If, according to this view, one knows the exact date and time of one’s birth, and can chart the exact position of the heavenly bodies at that moment, then forevermore one knows what is fortunate, unfortunate, worth doing, worth avoiding, wise, unwise, etc. Our universe, therefore, is fixed and determined. There are no values, no good, no evil and no repentance. We live in a great mechanical machine of a cosmos.
The conflict of interest is obvious, and we are not surprised to learn that Jews detested that idea. For if the cosmos is like that, why do we need God giving the Law to Moses on Mt. Sinai? The Christians also had their own very strong reservations. If the cosmos is like that, who needed God to sacrifice His son for the sins of the world? Who indeed? The early Church in fact absolutely prohibited the making of zodiacs, and there is not one zodiac mosaic in a church that dates before the Middle Ages, and very few even then. The zodiac/horoscope perception is the antithesis and enemy of monotheistic religion. An ancient and honorable enemy, to be sure, far older than Judaism and Christianity, but still the enemy.
It is true that one who goes through Jewish literature with a fine-tooth comb can find a citation here and there that seems to recognize the phenomenon of mosaic decoration, presumably zodiac, in synagogues. “In the days of Rabbi Abun they began depicting figures in mosaic and he did not protest against it.”7 More to the point, we find a line in Aramaic translation, “… you may place a mosaic pavement impressed with figures and images in the floors of synagogue; but not for bowing down to it.”8 There is even a Midrash that attempts to justify the zodiac phenomenon: “The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to him [Abraham]: just as the zodiac [mazalot] surrounds me, and my glory is in the center, so shall your descendants multiply and camp under many flags, with my shekhina in the center.”9
But this is surely grasping at straws. The odd line here and there accounts for nothing in view of the overwhelming opposition in rabbinic literature to anything related to the making of pictures of any sort, and doubly so the fierce opposition to anything suggesting idolatry and pagan worship. Indeed, one of the ways to say “pagan” in rabbinical Hebrew is by the abbreviation עכומ[ (ovedei kokhavim u-mazalot,"worshipers of stars and constellations"). The rabbis of the Talmud recognized the popularity of astrology and were even prepared to admit that there might be truth in its predictions, but opposed the whole endeavor on principle. Ein mazal le-Yisrael (literally, "Israel has no constellation") is perhaps the most commonly quoted opinion on the subject,10 but it is only one of many.
All the more are we astonished by the figure of Helios, Sol Invictus, pagan god of the sun, riding his quadriga right through the middle of the synagogue! This doesn't look like it belongs here. And we need to ask again, what was this all about?
To set our minds at rest (for the time being), we can say what all this wasn't. It could not have been astrology (predicting the future, etc.) and it could not have been scientific astronomy, because the seasons in the corners are in the wrong places. The upper right corner at Beth Alpha is marked טבת (Tevet), the winter month, and the upper left corner ניסן (Nissan) the month of Passover in spring. But between them you have the zodiac sign of Cancer, the Crab, which falls in mid-summer, not early spring. The same thing with the sign for Libra, the Scales. The mosaic has placed it between the spring and summer seasons, whereas it belongs in the fall. Clumsy astronomy.
The conclusion is inescapable: whoever did this mosaic hadn't a clue about real astronomy or astrology, doubtless because he was a Jew and couldn't care less.11
For the same reason, this mosaic floor could not have been a calendar, an idea that has been suggested by several important scholars of the subject.12 The incorrect placement of the seasons would have made that completely impossible.
Then perhaps it's all just decoration, pretty pictures, the common designs of the era. That is the most common explanation, the one found in guide books. But it can't be true. In the first place, the designs were by no means common in the Byzantine era. The Church, as stated, absolutely banned their use. More important, these signs are too loaded with meaning. We might argue "pretty pictures" if Beth Alpha were a solitary, unique find. We could then, at best, say that we had found here a group of Jews who had become so Hellenized that they had slipped over into paganism. But Beth Alpha is not unique; we will visit half a dozen other synagogues before we're done. In addition, we have found hundreds of Jewish tombstones and catacombs from all over the Roman Empire. And despite the fact that there are countless millions of possible symbols, forms, designs, pictures, animals, etc. they could have used, the fact is that they all use the same 10-12 symbols.13 We are forced to conclude that these were more than pretty pictures.[7]
525 C.E. Najran was the capital of the strong Himyar kingdom, ruled by a dynasty of Judaized kings, most famously Yusuf Asar Dhu Nuwas (d. 525 CE), its last. From the early Roman period, Himyar was an active member of a vibrant trade network connecting Arabia, the Mediterranean, and the African kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia. It was certainly the most significant polity in Arabia before the rise of Islam, enough so to be at constant war with both the Ethiopians of Axum and the )Persian Empire. The effective end of this turbulent kingdom came in 550 EC, when it was conquered by a Parthian army followed by an Ethiopian invasion in 570. Several decades later, the fist Islamic messengers arrived. [8]
July 9, 1545: The great British ship the “Mary Rose” sunk.[9]
July 9, 1665: Child of Henrietta of England and Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans
Stillborn daughter (July 9, 1665).[10]
Tuesday July 9, 1754:
The Virginia Regiment reaches Wills Creek having marched for five days from the Great Meadows. A roll call shows that out of 283 men present for duty one week previously at the Great Meadows, only 165 remain. Walking wounded and footsore men straggle in during the next few days. [11]
July 9, 1755: In 1755 he forsook surveying, and farming, to face the com-
mon enemy of the settlement-the Indian. He accepted a com-
mission as ensign, and with Washington fought under Braddock,
in the bloody and disastrous engagement with the French and
Indians July 9, 1755, near Fort Du Quesne. And the gallantry
of Ensign Crawford was such that he was made a lieutenant the next year.[12]
"Braddock Expedition. In 1755 supplies for Braddock's army were stored here in Edward Shippen's strong stone house "at the back Run." James Burd, the son-in-law of Shippen, opened a road to carry these supplies to the west. After Braddock's defeat, remaining supplies were given to sufferers from Indian attacks.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission."
Braddock followed his orders and moved up to Wills Creek on the Potomac River and then over nearly the same trail Washington had followed the two previous years (variously called Nemacolin Trail, Braddock's Road—and more recently US Highway 40). Because the original trail was no more than six to eight feet wide, Braddock’s forces lost considerable time widening it to 12-feet in order to accommodate their heavier equipment. After passing the Great Meadows and down Chestnut Ridge to within perhaps eight miles of Fort Duquesne, his army met head-on a force of Indians and French Canadian marines and militia (at present-day Braddock, PA). Upon meeting the French and Indians, Braddock’s force maintained its rank-and-file formation, while the opposing Indians quickly followed the same encircling maneuver they used in hunting deer, elk, bear or whatever. Half circled to the right—half to the left, until they had Braddock’s force in a cross-fire with only a muddled retreat possible. In spite of several actions of exemplary bravery, the attackers suffered one of the worst defeats in the history of the British Army on July 9, 1755.
Braddock’s force was split into an advance group (“flying column”) and a rear group led by Colonel Dunbar with the slow wagons. It was the “flying column” that met the French and Indians in the Battle of the Monongahela.
The French and Indians lost maybe a couple dozen men from a force numbering 600-900. The actual number is disputed—some believe around 50 killed and/or wounded severely. The British suffered 456 killed and another 421 wounded. Braddock expected the French to stay in the fort until fired on and then to come out European style—face to face in an open field. Braddock was shot in the lungs and died four days later.
The French had determined Fort Duquesne was defenseless against an enemy with cannons and decided a preferred tactic would be to meet Braddock in a wooded area to take advantage of firing from heavy cover without presenting a visible target for their enemy.
Braddock is to have said after the fight, “who would have thought it?” On the evening of July 13, 1755 on the evening of his death, his last words were, “We shall better know how to deal with them another time.”
Description: http://www.thelittlelist.net/braddockremains.jpg
Braddock remains. Braddock Park (see location below). Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged photo..
"Here lieth the remains of Major General Edward Braddock who in command of the 44th and 48th regiments of English regulars was mortally wounded in an engagement with the French and Indians under the command of Captain M. de Beaujeu at the Battle of the Monongahela within ten miles of Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburg, July 9, 1755. He was borne back with the retreating army to the old orchard camp about one fourth of a mile west of this park where he died July 13, 1755. Lieutenant Colonel George Washington read the burial service at the grave."
He was buried in the middle of the road and wagons run over the site as additional concealment. They feared the Indians would exhume the body and desecrate it. George Washington, who participated in the expedition as a volunteer aide, read the funeral service by torchlight. The burial site was about one mile west of Fort Necessity (a monument stands at the site today). Braddock's remains were uncovered by a road maintenance crew in 1804.
Braddock is often maligned in history books as being haughty, prejudiced, conceited—and in general, not a very good listener. But it might be remembered that in London he was told he could move men and supplies up the Potomac to near a portage into the Youghiogheny. This was not possible. He was told the colonial governors would supply him with all necessary men and materiel. This did not happen. The Quakers in the PA Assembly voted against any money going to a military venture. Benjamin Franklin came to Braddock’s assistance in the procurement of wagons after the good doctor threatened locals that if they did not offer wagons for hire—they would be taken by force by the British. Franklin also said of the General, "...too much self-confidence; too high an opinion of the validity of regular trrops; too mean a one of both Americans and Indians...." As to the Indians, Braddock said, "...these savages may be formidable enemy to your raw American militia, but upon the king's regular and disciplined troops,..it is impossible they would make any impression...."
When Braddock approached Fort Duquesne, he sent the highly respected Christopher Gist and Indian scouts to reconnoiter the trail leading to the fort (some historians believe it was George Croghan and Scarrooyady that were sent ahead). They made the trip and reported the absence of any opposition (which was accurate, as the French and Indians did not come out of the fort until nearly the last minute). A career military man might have assumed a defending force would take advantage of their stronger position against an attacking force—conventional tactics. The French left the protection of the fort to meet the attacking force in small fields and woods.Braddock was not prepared for this, and insisted his forces maintain strict ranks and fire volleys into the woods against an unseen enemy. Their only victims were the colonists who had broken ranks and headed towards the woods to take the fight to the French and Indians. Unforunately for Braddock, he had brought cannons with him— two six-pounders , four howitzers, and four 12-pounders. These would be lost to the French and used against British forces later on.
When the front ranks retreated, they rushed back into a mass of troops and small wagons creating a target of such density that the defenders couldn’t miss.
Several Indian chiefs are written to have participated in this battle on the French side—either as a plus or minus to their reputation. Most of the Indians were those from the Great Lakes region and Canada. This would include Wyandots (Hurons), Ottawa, Mississauga, Potawatomi, Miami, and others. Among those on the French side were Pontiac (?), Langlade, and Captain Jacobs. After the defeat of Braddock, several other tribes joined the anti-British alliance. George Washington and others were disappointed when finding many of their Indian “friends” to have been opposition participants.
The wounded who were able to make their way back with the retreating troops received rudimentary medical care. In making surgical incisions to remove the balls from the musket and rifle fire, the medics came to the sorry conclusion that most of the balls were the larger British caliber and not French. Also, many of the wounds to the colonial troops were in the soldier’s rear side—indicating being fired on from behind. It was perhaps a nearly classic example of disaster through friendly fire.
Braddock might be criticized for not conducting an ideal campaign, but all his luck was bad. In the words of the old song—“his bucket had a hole in it.” If it’s any consolation to Braddock and his British officers, George Washington is reported to have been nothing but complementary toward the General and his staff, and—the road Braddock widened became the main artery for the influx of settlers from Maryland and Virginia into western PA.
(See Beaujeu, Daniel Boone—above, Contrecoeur, Dumas, Benjamin Franklin, Hugh Mercer, Orme, Sir John St. Clair, and Scarrooyady.)
Braddock’s Crossing. Point on the Monongahela River where Braddock made his second crossing during his march to Fort Duquesne. Located near the present day Kennywood amusement park. Rte 837.
Braddock's Crossing. PA 837 at Hoffman Street (Kennywood Park) in Allegheny County. Photo by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged photo.
"Below this hill, about midday on July 9, 1755, a British army of 1300 made its second crossing of the river and advanced to drive the French from Fort Duquesne. A few hours later, with General Braddock mortally wounded and his army routed, survivors recrossed, pursued by the French and Indians.
"Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission."
Braddock’s Grave. A stone marker with commemorative inscriptions can be visited on US 40 ten miles east of Uniontown, PA. A bit of the trail has been cleared and the viewer can gain an appreciation of its narrow width. Following the trail west through the woods leads to “Dunbar’s Camp” and passes close to Jumonville Glen. One mile to the east (Hwy 40) leads past the reconstructed Fort Necessity and the accompanying center developed by the National Park Service.
Braddock Monument. US 40 2.5 miles NW of Farmington (east of Uniontown) at Braddock Park in Fayette County. Photos by compiler with Joyce Chandler. Enlarged monument photo and Enlarged photo of plaque
"This Monument was erected and dedicated to the memory of Major General Edward Braddock by the Braddock Memorial Park Association of Fayette County, Penna. October 15, 1913."
(See Fort Necessity.) [13]
Sunday, January 23, 2005 (3)
General Braddock’s Defeat, 1755
Battle for a Continent, by Harrison Bird
July 9, 1755: Washington is a 23 year old soldier fighting alongside British Regulars against French and Indian forces. He accompanies an English Advance Guard when suddenly they are attacked from the trees. The fighting is close quarters, gunsmoke abscures their vision. Bullets fly from every direction. It is a massacre. The British Commander, General Braddock is mortally wounded. His troops panick and scatter. Every single officer is either dead or wounded, except Washington. He has bullits going through his jacket, going through his hat, he has horses shot out from under him, but miraculously he remains unhurt.
Under fire he bravely takes command and leads the remaining soldiers out of harms way. The incidendt give rise to a legend that he protected by the great spirit and that he will never die in battle.[14]
July 9, British defeated by French at Monongahela River and Braddock killed. Despite defeat, Washington achieves recognition in official circles for bravery under fire.[15]
Tuesday, January 18, 2005 (9)
A road sign outside of Braddock Park. In the background is the grave marker.
Tuesday, January 18, 2005 (10)
Gary and Mary Goodlove enter the Braddock Grave site, late December, 2004.
Editor’s note: Please forgive our occasional storytelling and sharing of family history. We have discovered most of our family’s history on our own. For us it is very exciting. But time is not on our side. The story that needs to be told has not even been written. The story of the birth of a nation, of which our family has been a part of and the story of our ancestry. But we are only finding this out now. Every day we find out more. Every day a new chapter unfolds. A new chapter in our our family, and a new chapter in our nation. JG.
Tuesday, January 18, 2005 (8)
A sign at Braddocks grave reads:
Maj. Gen Edward Braddock-commander-in-chief the British forces in North America-traveled over the road trace below
On June 25, 1755. Marching north with his 2400 man army, the 60 year old Braddock was under orders to capture Fort Duquesne and force the French from the Upper Ohio Valley.
However, disaster struck a few miles from Fort Duquesne on july 9. There they collided with about 200 French and 600 Indians.
Disorganization and fear seised the British as they suffered about 900 casualties- more than half killed-out of 1400 engaged.
Braddock himself was mortally wounded.
On July 13, the British camped near here and Braddock died that night. He was buried under the road, in an unmarked grave
to keep it from being disturbed by the Indians.
In 1804 workmen repairing this section of Braddock road discovered what is to believed to be Braddocks original gravesite just downhill to the left. His remains were then reinterred on this hill, and the granite monument was added in 1913 to mark the grave.
Tuesday, January 18, 2005 (11)
The marker reads:
Here Lieth the remains of Major General Edware Braddock who in command of the 44th and 48th regiments of English regulars was mortally wounded in an engagement with the French and Indians under the command of captain Debeau (Sp.) the Battle of the Monongahela within ten miles of Fort Duquene, now Pittsburg, July 9, 1755. he was brought back with his retreating army to the old orchard camp about one fourth of a mile west of this park where he died July 13 1755. Lieutenant Colonel George Washington read the burial services at the grave.
Wednesday, January 19, 2005
On this marker reads the history of Braddock’s road. Photo taken late December, 2004. JG.
Beaujeu. Capitaine Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu. (BOH-joh). Born August 9, 1711 in Montreal and killed at the Battle of the Monongahela July 9, 1755. French officer who persuaded Fort Duquesne commander Contrecoeur to allow him to lead a group of French and Canadian soldiers plus allied Indians out of the fort and up the Monongahela River to meet the force of British General Braddock. The Indians thought Beaujeu would be leading them against an invincible force and refused his request. But, after an impassioned plea by Beaujeu where he apparently shamed them, the Indians changed their minds and added around 637 warriors to his force of some 254 French/Canadian troupes de la marine and militia. Thus, Beaujeu was able to lead a force of approximately 900 to the battle
Beaujeu was killed by the third volley from the British and was replaced by Captain Jean-Daniel Dumas (see Dumas). Some accounts record that Beaujeu had been appointed commandant of Fort Duquesne—replacing Contrecoeur. Without Beaujeu’s persuading the Indians to fight, Fort Duquesne would certainly have fallen. After Beaujeu’s death and the defeat of Braddock, Contrecoeur was quick to claim credit for the victory.
Beaujeu had a younger brother—Louis Lienard (1716-1802) who was commandant at Fort Michilimackinac 1758-1760. After the August 1760 French surrender to the British in Canada, Beaujeu turned over command to Charles de Langlade so that Beaujeu would not be the one surrendering to the enemy. Perhaps Louis Lienard felt that surrendering to an enemy who had killed his brother would have resulted in a humiliation beyond the call of duty.
http://www.thelittlelist.net/bactoblu.htm
July 9, 1776: Taylor, George. A private in Captain Stephenson's company. Afterwards joined Captain Shepherd's company as a private. Marked on the pay roll, "Deserted July 9th, 1776."[16]
July 9, 1863: As the siege continued, the Confederates nearly exhausted their ammunition and were reduced to eating mules, horses and rats. When word reachd Garnder that Vicksburg had surrendered, he realized that his situation was hopeless and nothing could be gained by continuing the defense of Port Hudson. Surrender terms were negotiated, and on July 9, 1863, after 48 days and thousands of casualties, the Union army entered Port Hudson. The siege became the longest in American military history.[17]
July 9 to 16, 1863: Battle of Jackson, MS.[18]
Sat. July 9, 1864
Signed the pay rolls[19]
Was on fatigue no drill[20]
July 9, 1864: Battle of Mount Sterling, KY.[21]
July 9, 1864: Battle of Monocacy, MD.[22] Private Rigby was impressed with the fine water in Monocacy Creek near the camp. It was quite a contrast to the muddy byous of Louisiana. The camp was located twenty-eight miles from Harpers Ferry and about three miles east of Frederick City. Although there were no Rebels in the area, the campground had been the scene of a Union defeat on July 9, 1864. The bivouac was very active with about fifteen regiments of infantry already in camp, most of them assigned to the XIX Corps. Although they had expected to find the 22nd and 28th Iowa there, the 24th was the only Hawkeye regiment in camp. [23]
July 9, 1998: David Keys. Catastrophe: An Investigation Into the Origins of the Modern World. New York: Ballantine Books, 2000. Keys summarizes M. G. Thomas, Karl L. Skorecki, H. Ben-Ami, Tudor Parfitt, Neil Bradman, D. B. Goldstein, "Origins of Old Testament Priests." Nature 394 (July 9, 1998): 138-140. Excerpts from Keys' book:
"DNA tests on Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jews have revealed the possibility that at least one key section of the latter community may have genetic evidence of a potentially large-scale or even mass conversion which must have taken place sometime after around A.D. 700.... the only known mass conversion within that time frame and in that geographical area was that of the Khazars in the eighth century. Significantly, the section of the Ashkenazi community whose DNA may suggest a partially convert origin is that section which up till now had traditionally been said to be wholly descended from the Assistant Priests of ancient Israel.... By analyzing Y chromosomes from a sample of both Levite and non-Levite populations in both Sephardic and Ashkenazi communities, geneticists have discovered that an astounding 30 percent of Ashkenazi non-Cohenic Levites have a particular || combination of DNA material on part of their Y-chromosome that is not shared to any extent by either non-Levite Ashkenazi Jews or the Sephardic community as a whole. This genetic marker does not even show up among the Cohens (descendants of the ancient Israelite Chief Priests) - but only among the descendants of Assistant Priests, and then only within Ashkenazi (northern European) Jewry. What seems to have happened is not only a potentially large-scale conversion of non-Jewish people, almost certainly Khazars, to Judaism, but also the adoption of Levite (Assistant Priest) status by a substantial number of the Khazar converts.... A tenth-century letter of recommendation from the Jewish community of Kiev to Jewish communities outside Khazaria was signed by Jews with traditional Turkic names whose almost certainly Turkic Khazar ancestors had adopted second names... indicating that they saw themselves as descendants or close associates of the ancient tribe of Levi.... Adoption of Cohenic or ordinary Levitical status by converts was and is expressly forbidden by rabbinical law, so the Khazars had to develop a mythic national history that gave them the right to Levitical status. They claimed that they were the descendants of one of the lost tribes of Israel and were not converts at all but merely returnees to Judaism. Furthermore, the tribe they claimed ancestry from was that of Simeon, the brother of the founder of the tribe of Levi.... Probably it was the old pre-Jewish Khazar priests - the qams - who at the conversion had become Levites en masse..." [24]
July 9, 2012:ELGIN — Instead of sending flowers, one of the requests by the family of Elgin resident Stacey Reynolds, who died on July 9, 2012, was for family and friends to plant something or donate to the Elgin Community Garden Network, Living Lands and Water, or Million Tree Project.
Reynolds would have appreciated that her home at 342 Perry Street was planted with a parkway rain garden on Saturday morning.
“It’s a privilege to be here today to honor Stacey and see her dreams come true,” said Elgin resident Wende Lindmark.
“It’s a wonderful way to remember someone who loved nature,” said April Anderson, naturalist at Hawthorne Hill Nature Center in Elgin.
Reynolds’s husband, Tom Lesiewicz, and their children live at the bungalow-style home that was recognized by the Elgin Heritage Commission as the site of the 1893 Everett Baptist Mission.
“The building was partially damaged by a tornado during the 1920s and converted into a house in 1925,” Lesiewicz said. “Our family has lived here since 2003. Stacey ran a drive to have historic homes plaqued. There are lots of Sears homes in the SWAN (Southwest Area) Neighborhood.”
A total of 32 rain gardens will be planted in Elgin’s SWAN Neighborhood as part of the Lord Street Combined Sewer Overflow Green Infrastructure Project.
“Homeowners will maintain the rain gardens,” said Aaron Cosentino, sustainability coordinator with the City of Elgin. “We conducted 40 site locations from March through June. To qualify, the parkway must be a certain width with no mature trees or utilities. Since it is late in the planting season, the home at 342 Perry Street was bid as a separate project.”
According to Rob Linke with the engineering firm of Trotter & Associates in St. Charles, the total cost of the citywide project is $751,000. It is being funded by a grant of $634,000 from the Environmental Protection Agency and $117,000 from the City of Elgin.
The EPA is funding 84 percent of the project, while the city is funding 16 percent.
Linke said more rain gardens will be planted starting in the spring. The anticipated project completion date is fall, 2014.
The rain garden installed on Saturday is not the first one in Elgin. Anderson said there is a rain garden along Spartan Drive on the Elgin Community College campus.
“Rain gardens capture stormwater and sewer runoff and keep pollutants on site and out of the Fox River,” Cosentino said. “Native plants with deep roots can filter rainwater. Turf grass has shallow roots.”
The engineered soil mix of a rain garden can have one and a half feet of plain mulch and three feet of sandy soil atop one and a half feet of gravel. Curb cuts are made so that rainwater on the streets can be directed over stone inflows and into the rain garden.
A total of 435 native plants were planted in the rain garden on Saturday with one plant per square foot.
Native plants include: nodding wild onion, New England aster, marsh milkweed, butterfly weed, coneflower, prairie blazing star, wild bergamot, switch grass, mountain mint, black-eyed Susan, bluestem, goldenrod, spiderwort, and vervain.
Jeff Goodlove of Elgin said he put in his own rain garden with mostly native plants about 10 years ago. His daughter, Jillian Goodlove, was contracted to do a portion of the design work of the rain garden at 342 Perry Street.
“Native plants have a deep root system,” Jillian said. “They are tolerant of both drought and heavy moisture. Native plant roots are good for rain gardens because they provide channels to underlying soils.”
Retired Elgin city planner Tom Armstrong, who volunteered to help plant the rain garden on Saturday, said that “the roots of some native plants can go down 15 feet.”
Volunteers install a parkway rain garden at 342 Perry Street in Elgin[25]
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[1] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[2] http://www.livescience.com/16318-photos-early-christian-rome-catacombs-artifacts.html
[3] http://www.freewebs.com/bubadutep75/
[4] http://thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
[5] The Dark Ages, History International, 3-4-2007
[6] www.wikipedia.org
[7] 1 E.L. Sukenik, The Ancient Synagogue of Beth-Alpha, (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1932)
2 The incense shovel was a universally recognized Jewish symbol in the Byzantine era. It disappeared from the Jewish iconographic lexicon because the Jews stopped using incense when the Christians started.
3 The Aramaic inscription at the front door was damaged. It says that the mosaic was made “during the … year of the reign of the emperor Justinus”. The exact year is missing. The reference is probably to the emperor Justin I (adopted uncle and immediate predecessor of Justinian the Great) who ruled from 518-527 C.E. and whose coins were found on the site. It is of course possible that the building was older than the mosaic floor.
4 The earliest possible “candidate” was a major quake that hit the country on July 9, 551. It was the earthquake that finally destroyed Petra. More likely was an earthquake of lesser magnitude but located closer to the site which did great damage to the Jordan Valley in 659/660.
5 We have not entered into a discussion of the artistic merits of this work of art. It is the writer’s opinion that this work, with its naive and primitive style, has a child-like immediacy and freshness that makes it one of the masterpieces of world art.
6 Thus the new JPS Tanakh. The King James translation puts a colon after the word “earth”, while the New American Bible (Catholic) and the Revised Standard Version (Protestant) translations both use a semi-colon instead of period at this point.
7 From a Geniza manuscript of JT Avoda Zarah
8 In the Pseudo-Jonathan Targum to Lev. 26:1
9 From a Geniza fragment of Midrash Deut. Rabba) These quotations are cited by Michael Klein, “Palestinian Targum and Synagogue Mosaics,” Jerusalem, Immanuel 11 (1980)
10 The matter is discussed in BT Shabbat, 156a
11 At Beth Alpha the signs and the seasons both progress counter-clockwise, although they are misaligned. The Hammat Tiberias zodiac shows both signs and seasons also rotating counter-clockwise, and in correct alignment with each other. At Na’aran the seasons run counter-clockwise, as above, but the signs go clockwise!
12 That position was argued by Prof. Avi-Yonah, among many others, and by the excavator of Hammat Tiberias. See Moshe Dothan, Hammath Tiberias, (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1983). Hammat Tiberias is the only mosaic we know where the signs and seasons are correctly aligned, which may have influenced the excavator’s judgment as to its purpose
13 The cataloging of all of these finds and the interpretation of what they might mean constitute the magnum opus of Erwin Goodenough (1893-1965), Professor of Religion at Yale and one of the greatest scholars of religion America ever produced. Goodenough’s 13 volume study, E.R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, (New York: Pantheon, 1958), form the core text for the study of this subject, Everyone who has subsequently dealt with the subject is in his debt. The book has been re-issued in a 1-volume paperback, abridged and edited by Jacob Neusner (Princeton: Bollingen Series, 1988)
[8] The Ten lost Tribes, A World History, by Zvi-Dor Benite, page 92.
[9] Lost Worlds, Henry VIII’s Mega Structures”.
[10] Wikipedia
[11] http://www.nps.gov/archive/fone/1754.htm
[12] Colonel William Crawford. Ohio Arch. and His. Society Publications.
[13] http://www.thelittlelist.net/boatobye.htm
[14] The Real George Washington, NTGEO, 11/19/2008.
[15] http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwtime.html
[16] http://genealogytrails.com/wva/jefferson/revwar_bios.html
[17] http://www.lastateparks.com/porthud/pthudson.htm
[18] State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012
[19] In 1861 an infantry private was paid $13 per month. A Civil War colonel drew $95 per month and a brigadier general $124.
(Civil War Handbook by William H. Price, page 16.
[20] William Harrison Goodlove Civil War Diary annotated by Jeffery Lee Goodlove.
[21] (State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.)
[22] (State Capital Memorial, Austin, TX, February 11, 2012.)
[23] (A History of the 24th Iowa Infantry 1862-1865 by Harvey H. Kimble Jr. August 1974. page 160) (Pvt. Miller, 24th Iowa Volunteer, http://home.comcast.net/~troygoss/millbk3.html)
[24] (excerpts from pages 99-100)
[25] © 2011 Sun-Times Media, LLC. All rights reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed without permission. For more information about reprints and permissions, visit www.suntimesreprints.com. To order a reprint of this article, click here.
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